FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Dobeck, GJ AF Dobeck, GJ BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Fusing sonar images for mine detection and classification SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sea mines; naval mines; automatic detection; automatic classification; sensor fusion; data fusion; side-looking sonar; side-scan sonar; synthetic-aperture sonar; sonar imagery ID BANDWIDTH REDUCTION; SHALLOW-WATER; RECOGNITION; FILTER AB An image fusion method is developed for sonar systems that collect multiple images in a single pass. This research builds on our past work with automated detection and classification of sea mines in side-looking sonar imagery. The new method has the following processing steps. Each image is processed separately by our automated detection and classification algorithm(2). Next detections in the images are collared into two general categories: (1) detections appearing in only one image and (2) detections appearing in multiple images. A fuzzy-logic procedure is used to fuse the detections that ate common to multiple images. The final "fused" classifications will fall under two general descriptions: (I) classifications where sufficient mine-like evidence was contained in a single image and (2) classifications where sufficient mine-like evidence had to be accumulated over multiple images. This fusion process dramatically reduces false alarms. C1 Dahlgren Div, NSWC Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Dobeck, GJ (reprint author), Dahlgren Div, NSWC Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 21 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 602 EP 614 DI 10.1117/12.357082 PN 1&2 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300061 ER PT S AU Rankin, W Cooper, MT Wood, JL Lathrop, JD AF Rankin, W Cooper, MT Wood, JL Lathrop, JD BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Demonstration of advanced underwater sensors for military and civilian applications SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE remotely operated vehicle; sonars; magnetics; electro-optics; object detection; underwater minehunting sensors; signal processing AB Many operations undertaken by the Defense Department must cope with the active or residual effects of a variety of methods of warfare that a defender can use to inhibit maritime use of the oceans. Prominent cases encountered by the naval forces are mine warfare, salvage and recovery operations, and debris clearance. The Office of Naval Research (ONR) has sponsored development of a family of underwater object location sensors which have a strongly enhanced capability to detect, classify, and identify underwater objects of interest. Use of these sensors in a military exercise, in an operation to locate debris from the Swissair crash, and in a test to demonstrate technology for underwater debris location is described. C1 USN, Ctr Coastal Syst, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Rankin, W (reprint author), USN, Ctr Coastal Syst, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 647 EP 660 DI 10.1117/12.357047 PN 1&2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300065 ER PT S AU Robertson, C Tubridy, L AF Robertson, C Tubridy, L BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Naval Sensor Data database (NSDD) SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE database; sonar; electro-optic AB The Naval Sensor Data database (NSDD) is a multi-year effort to archive, catalogue, and disseminate data from all types of sensors to the mine warfare, signal and image processing, and sensor development communities. The purpose is to improve and accelerate research and technology. Providing performers with the data required to develop and validate improvements in hardware, simulation, and processing will foster advances in sensor and system performance. The NSDD will provide a centralized source of sensor data and its associated ground truth, which will support an improved understanding of the effect of environmental factors on system and subsystem performance. Additionally, research and development will be benefited in the areas of signal processing, computer-aided detection and classification, data compression, data fusion, and gee-referencing, as well as sensor and sensor system design. C1 USN, Soastal Syst Stn, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Robertson, C (reprint author), USN, Soastal Syst Stn, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 1405 EP 1408 DI 10.1117/12.357029 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300136 ER PT J AU Steeds, JW Charles, S Davis, TJ Gilmore, A Hayes, J Pickard, D Butler, JE AF Steeds, JW Charles, S Davis, TJ Gilmore, A Hayes, J Pickard, D Butler, JE TI Creation and mobility of self-interstitials in diamond by use of a transmission electron microscope and their subsequent study by photoluminescence microscopy SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE diamond; electron irradiation; interstitial-impurity complexes; photoluminescence microscopy; self-interstitials ID DEFECTS; LUMINESCENCE; SILICON AB It is demonstrated that a 300-keV transmission electron microscope is a powerful tool for creating carefully controlled radiation damage in diamond specimens. Irradiations may be performed in a few minutes over areas of diameter 50 mu m at any chosen temperature, dose, orientation and accelerating voltage up to the limit permitted. Subsequent annealing may be performed in-situ prior to detailed investigation by low-temperature photoluminescence microscopy. The results give strong evidence of the creation of self-interstitials and of the complexes that they form with impurities or dopants in the material under study. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. USN, Res Labs, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Steeds, JW (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 19 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 94 EP 100 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(98)00443-9 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 174KE UT WOS:000079033700014 ER PT S AU McLaughlin, EA Janus, RS Gittings, KD Ewart, L AF McLaughlin, EA Janus, RS Gittings, KD Ewart, L BE Nair, KM Bhalla, AS TI Large-signal characterization of prestressed PMN-PT-Ba and PMN-PT-Sr at various temperatures SO DIELECTRIC CERAMIC MATERIALS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Quasi-static (10 Hz) electromechanical measurements were made of two lead-magnesium-niobate/lead-titanate relaxer ferroelectrics, one doped with 3% barium (PMN-PT-Ba (90/10/3)) and the other with 2% strontium (PMN-PT-Sr (88/12/2)) under high electric fields(0-1.5 MV/m) and high mechanical prestresses (0-41.4 MPa) over a temperature range (-5 to 40 degrees Celsius). Both materials were designed to operate at 5 degrees Celsius. The measured and derived material properties - the piezoelectric constant, d(33), the permittivity, epsilon(33)(T), the Young's modulus, Y-33(E), the electromechanical coupling factor, k(33), and the energy density, U - are found for both small and large ac drive signal conditions. The material properties for these conditions are of interest for Navy high-power sonar transducer designers and material designers. Of the measured quantities, d(33), epsilon(33)(T) and U are shown to decrease in value for increasing prestress and temperature. The PMN-PT-Sr is shown to have better properties for sonar transducers than the PMN-PT-Ba. Compared to Navy Type-III (PZT-8) piezoelectric ceramic, the energy density of PMN-PT-Sr at 5 degrees Celsius and 41.4 MPa is nearly 11 dB higher but the coupling is 23 % lower. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP McLaughlin, EA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-066-1 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 100 BP 147 EP 154 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BN02V UT WOS:000080432300015 ER PT S AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, WW BE Schulz, TJ Idell, PS TI Object brightness estimation from multiple coherent image plane irradiance measurements SO DIGITAL IMAGE RECOVERY AND SYNTHESIS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Digital Image Recovery and Synthesis IV CY JUL 20-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Soc Ind & Appl Math DE unconventional imaging; inverse problems; image reconstruction; signal processing; coherent imaging ID LEAST-SQUARES; PHASE; PERFORMANCE; FIELD AB Sampled irradiance measurement in the image plane of a coherently illuminated object are used to estimate the two dimensional object brightness profile in a shear beam imaging configuration. A field correlation function is used in a minimum variance irradiance estimation algorithm to optimally estimate the objects 2-D brightness from a collection of sampled irradiance measurements on a grid of points in the image plane. The efficacy of the reconstruction method is demonstrated by reconstructing simulated coherently illuminated images of a symmetric extended object, an asymmetric extended object and also a spatially distended point source object. A theoretical error metric is determined and shown to compare favorably with simulated results over a range of object sizes. C1 USN Acad, Div Engn & Weap, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), USN Acad, Div Engn & Weap, Stop 14 A,590 Holloway RD, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Arrasmith, William/G-6949-2016 OI Arrasmith, William/0000-0002-2917-9775 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3301-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3815 BP 106 EP 118 DI 10.1117/12.364121 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Optics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Optics GA BN96J UT WOS:000083674400011 ER PT J AU Bowerbank, CR Smith, PA Drown, DB Alexander, W Jederberg, WW Still, KR Lee, ML AF Bowerbank, CR Smith, PA Drown, DB Alexander, W Jederberg, WW Still, KR Lee, ML TI Chemical detection in deployment toxicology using high speed gas chromatography with a solvating mobile phase and time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 27-30, 1998 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OHIO SP Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Operat Toxicol ID PACKED CAPILLARY COLUMNS; PARTICLES AB Solvating gas chromatography (SGC) involves a mobile phase that is a supercritical fluid at the column inlet (typically 100-350 atm) and a gas upon exiting the column at ambient pressure. SGC has characteristics of both supercritical fluid chromatography and gas chromatography, and may be adaptable to a system with characteristics approaching a "universal chromatograph" capable of analyzing many classes of compounds on one instrument. We have recently found that using a solvating mobile phase such as CO2, together with small, spherical particle-packed capillary columns can offer significant advantages for rapid chemical analysis. A need exists in operational military settings to rapidly detect a wide range of chemicals with potential adverse health effects for exposed personnel. A separation step improves analytical capability by reducing or eliminating chemical background for better detection limits, and purifies or isolates target analyts and unknownsfor improved identification. SGC, coupled to a high volume vapor/aerosol sampler and a rapid mass spectrometric detector such as a time-of-flight mass spectronteter could provide rapid, positive identification of separated compounds, with the resulting chromatographic and mass spectral data stored in digital format for future retrieval. Such a system will significantly advance the ability of military commanders to detect airborne chemical agents rapidly and accurately, protecting the health of military personnel. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Univ Utah, NROTC Unit, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Environm Toxicol, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84321 USA. USN, Med Res Inst Detachment Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. US Pacific Fleet, Commander Submarine Forces, Pearl Harbor, HI 96860 USA. RP Lee, ML (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, POB 25700, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM Milton_Lee@byu.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1999 VL 22 IS 1 BP 57 EP 71 DI 10.3109/01480549909029724 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 173RY UT WOS:000078994600007 PM 10189571 ER PT B AU Smith, DK AF Smith, DK BE Lacasse, MA Vainer, DJ TI Total life-cycle cost SO DURABILITY OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS 8, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components (8dbmc) CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 1999 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Canadian Wood Council, Stand Council Canada, AGRA Earth & Environm, Canadian Portland Cement Assoc, Georgia Inst Technol, ACBM, Forintek Canada Corp, Kungl Tekniska Hogskolan, Public Works & Govt Serv Canada, Natl Res Council Canada DE life cycle; sustainable design; workplace productivity; simulation; cost estimating; life cycle costing; facility owners AB As designers, we have attempted to look at the life cycle of the building components with varied success. As representatives of facility owners, we need a more comprehensive point of view of the impact that the designer has in the total functionality of the facility over its life. In other words, how does an occupant function within the finished facility? Research has indicated that design can improve workplace productivity from 5% to 35%. Savings of only 3.7% in workplace productivity can pay for the entire facility, including construction, operations and maintenance. What is missing is a holistic facility view as well as the tools necessary to measure and analyze the impact of design improvements on workplace productivity. This can be accomplished using total life cycle costing metrics as well as computer simulation of various alternatives for the workplace being created. C1 USN, Facil Engn Command, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Smith, DK (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Command, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON KIA OR6, CANADA BN 0-660-17737-4 PY 1999 BP 1787 EP 1797 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS07P UT WOS:000168560400170 ER PT B AU Harn, M Berzins, V Luqi AF Harn, M Berzins, V Luqi GP IEEE IEEE TI Software evolution via reusable architecture SO ECBS '99, IEEE CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems CY MAR 07-12, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP IEEE Engn Comp Based Syst Tecn Comm AB This paper explores the idea of component-based reuse of software development architecture. It includes: (I) analysis of a domain-specific software development architecture, (2) development of a component base (repository) that is robust with respect to system evolution, and (3) implementation of a lightweight inference engine for automated decision support. The study is aimed at gaining a framework for component-based reuse of software architecture, where a family of software systems sharing the same architecture are produced using common components. This embraces a component base (repository) equipped with a lightweight inference engine for software evolution and automated decision support for processes such as component retrieval, version control, project management, and task decomposition. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Harn, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0028-5 PY 1999 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1109/ECBS.1999.755856 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BM73K UT WOS:000079623700002 ER PT B AU Luqi Guo, J AF Luqi Guo, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Toward automated retrieval for a software component repository SO ECBS '99, IEEE CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems CY MAR 07-12, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP IEEE Engn Comp Based Syst Tecn Comm DE software component; retrieval method; profile matching; signature matching AB Retrieval methods for software component repository are important for software reuse. Many researchers have done a lot of work in this field in the past fifteen years. This paper discusses the improvement of two different aspects of retrieval methods for software components. One is profile matching, the other is signature matching. We show some experimental results assessing the affect of the improvements. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Luqi (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0028-5 PY 1999 BP 99 EP 105 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BM73K UT WOS:000079623700013 ER PT B AU Ziriax, JM Furse, CM D'Andrea, JA Gao, JH Mason, PA Hurt, WD Gandhi, OP AF Ziriax, JM Furse, CM D'Andrea, JA Gao, JH Mason, PA Hurt, WD Gandhi, OP BE Bersani, F TI Comparison of FD-TD and experimentally determined local SAR values in a rhesus monkey model SO ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Alcatel, Alza, Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Elect Power Res Inst, ENEL, Ericsson, Forsch Gemeinschaft Fnuk e V, IGEA, Motorola, Nokia, Omnitel Pronto Italia, Telecom Italia, Telcom Italia Mobile, USAF, Armstrong Lab, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci C1 USN, Med Res Inst Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Ziriax, JM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46041-6 PY 1999 BP 287 EP 290 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BP38D UT WOS:000084928800065 ER PT B AU Olsen, RG Van Matre, BJ Hansen, P AF Olsen, RG Van Matre, BJ Hansen, P BE Bersani, F TI Whole-body SAR in a full-size human model at 28.9 kHz SO ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Alcatel, Alza, Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Elect Power Res Inst, ENEL, Ericsson, Forsch Gemeinschaft Fnuk e V, IGEA, Motorola, Nokia, Omnitel Pronto Italia, Telecom Italia, Telcom Italia Mobile, USAF, Armstrong Lab, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci C1 USN, Med Res Inst Detachment, Dept Bioengn, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Olsen, RG (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst Detachment, Dept Bioengn, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46041-6 PY 1999 BP 303 EP 306 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BP38D UT WOS:000084928800069 ER PT B AU Olsen, RG Van Matre, BJ Lords, JL AF Olsen, RG Van Matre, BJ Lords, JL BE Bersani, F TI RF-induced ankle heating in a rhesus monkey at 100 MHz SO ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Alcatel, Alza, Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Elect Power Res Inst, ENEL, Ericsson, Forsch Gemeinschaft Fnuk e V, IGEA, Motorola, Nokia, Omnitel Pronto Italia, Telecom Italia, Telcom Italia Mobile, USAF, Armstrong Lab, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci C1 USN, Med Res Inst Detachment, Dept Bioengn, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Olsen, RG (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst Detachment, Dept Bioengn, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46041-6 PY 1999 BP 307 EP 310 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BP38D UT WOS:000084928800070 ER PT S AU Shaffer, RE Cygan, MT Hart, SJ Chung, R Nguyen, V Dilella, D McGill, RA AF Shaffer, RE Cygan, MT Hart, SJ Chung, R Nguyen, V Dilella, D McGill, RA BE Fallahi, M Nordstrom, RJ Todd, TR TI Internal standardization and calibration of surface acoustic wave chemical sensor systems SO ELECTRO-OPTIC, INTEGRATED OPTIC, AND ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR ONLINE CHEMICAL PROCESS MONITORING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optic, Integrated Optic, and Electronic Technologies for Online Chemical Process Monitoring CY NOV 02-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE SAW devices; chemical microsensor; toxic vapor detection; discriminant analysis; generalized rank annihilation; neural network ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION; ARRAY AB Prototype surface acoustic wave chemical sensor systems are described that can detect and identify toxic vapors in real-time at trace concentrations. To operate autonomously for long periods without failure requires a thorough understanding of the hardware and software requirements of the sensor system. The SAWCAD and SAWRHINO prototypes, which implement several improvements to the hardware over previously developed systems, are described. Software for vapor detection and neural network identification are also discussed. Preliminary results from two new software enhancements are described. Improved chemical discrimination occurs when the response slopes are incorporated into the analysis of the SAW ambient data. The generalized rank annihilation method is shown to be a powerful tool for extracting pure component analyte signatures from trap and purge gas solid chromatographic SAW data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaffer, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6116, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Shaffer, Ronald/I-2134-2012 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2998-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3537 BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.1117/12.341034 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BM82C UT WOS:000079845600023 ER PT S AU Smith, WR Anderson, WL Haftel, MI Kuo, E Rosen, M Uhlmann, JK AF Smith, WR Anderson, WL Haftel, MI Kuo, E Rosen, M Uhlmann, JK BE Sisti, AF TI Goal-oriented computational steering SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technology for Simulation Science III CY APR 06-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE computational steering; visualization; FDTD models; global optimization AB Computational steering is a newly evolving paradigm for working with simulation models. It entails integration of model execution, observation and input data manipulation carried out concurrently in pursuit of rapid insight and goal achievement. Keys to effective computational steering include advanced visualization, high performance processing and intuitive user control. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been integrating facilities in its Virtual Reality Lab and High Performance Computing Center for application of computational steering to study effects of electromagnetic wave interactions using the HASP (High Accuracy Scattering and Propagation) modeling technique developed at NRL. We ate also investigating automated inverse steering which involves incorporation of global optimization techniques to assist the user with tuning of parameter values to produce desired behaviors in complex models. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, WR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3170-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3696 BP 250 EP 261 DI 10.1117/12.351183 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BN40J UT WOS:000081823700024 ER PT J AU Wu, C AF Wu, C TI Intelligent computer aided sensitivity analysis of a multistage Brayton/Rankine combined cycle SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE intelligent computer; combined cycle; sensitivity analysis AB In the design and operation of a power system, significant resources must be utilized in order to maximize the system s thermal efficiency. Sensitivity analysis of a multi-stage Brayton/Rankine combined cycle is performed in this paper. Traditional cycle sensitivity analysis is a long and tedious process. This paper describes the use of an intelligent computer software to obtain the sensitivity analysis of the combined cycle quickly and accurately. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wu, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 40 IS 2 BP 215 EP 232 DI 10.1016/S0196-8904(98)00050-8 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 153CU UT WOS:000077816200006 ER PT S AU Shanabrook, BV Barvosa-Carter, W Bass, R Bennett, BR Boos, JB Bewley, WW Bracker, AS Culbertson, JC Glaser, ER Kruppa, W Magno, R Moore, WJ Meyer, JR Nosho, BZ Park, D Thibado, PM Twigg, ME Wagner, RJ Waterman, JR Whitman, LJ Yang, MJ AF Shanabrook, BV Barvosa-Carter, W Bass, R Bennett, BR Boos, JB Bewley, WW Bracker, AS Culbertson, JC Glaser, ER Kruppa, W Magno, R Moore, WJ Meyer, JR Nosho, BZ Park, D Thibado, PM Twigg, ME Wagner, RJ Waterman, JR Whitman, LJ Yang, MJ BE Lakhtakia, A Messier, RF TI Engineered heterostructures of 6.1 angstrom III-V semiconductors for advanced electronic and optoelectronic applications SO ENGINEERED NANOSTRUCTURAL FILMS AND MATERIALS SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Engineered Nanostructural Films and Materials CY JUL 22-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE high-speed electronics; IR lasers; IR detectors; band structure engineering; epitaxy; InAs; GaSb; AlSb ID INAS/ALSB QUANTUM-WELLS; INAS/GASB SUPERLATTICES; INTERFACIAL DISORDER; ALSB/INAS HEMTS; PERFORMANCE; ALSB AB Heterostructures formed from III-V semiconductors with the 6.1 Angstrom lattice spacing (InAs, GaSb, AlSb and related alloys) have attracted significant interest because of their potential to define a new 'state of the art' in applications including 100 GHz high-speed logic circuits, terahertz transistors, sensitive infrared detectors and mid-infrared semiconductor lasers. In this paper, we describe the ongoing work at the Naval Research Laboratory to develop the materials growth and fabrication technology for a variety of 6.1 A-based devices which have the potential to revolutionize infrared optoelectronics and low-power, high-speed electronics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shanabrook, BV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011; Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174; Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3276-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3790 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1117/12.351249 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BN65Y UT WOS:000082519200002 ER PT S AU Anderson, ML Rolison, DR Merzbacher, CI AF Anderson, ML Rolison, DR Merzbacher, CI BE Lakhtakia, A Messier, RF TI Composite aerogels for sensing applications SO ENGINEERED NANOSTRUCTURAL FILMS AND MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Engineered Nanostructural Films and Materials CY JUL 22-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE nanoscale; mesoporous; aerogel; sensor; colloidal metal; plasmon resonance; absorption spectroscopy ID SOL-GEL-COATINGS; COLLOIDAL GOLD; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; MATRICES AB Composite aerogels are nanoscale mesoporous materials that retain both the meso- and nanoscopic properties of each component. Colloidal metal-silica aerogels (in which the colloidal metal is Au or Pt) exhibit both the transparency and porosity of silica aerogel and the optical behavior of the metal colloid. The silica aerogel essentially acts as a transparent matrix for the isolated metal colloids, which remain accessible to external reagents. Sensing elements adsorbed to the surface of the metal in colloidal Au-silica aerogels are also addressable. For dyes with absorption spectra complementary to that of the metal plasmon resonance, spectral changes due to alteration of the dye environment may be optically monitored. By dispersing the metal colloid in an about-to-gel silica sol, the properties of the metal colloid (i.e. size, which determines the position and FWHM of the plasmon resonance) can be tailored prior to immobilization., The ability to modify the colloidal metal surface either prior to or following gelation in the silica matrix coupled with gentle processing conditions permit modification of the metal surface with, for example, temperature-sensitive biomolecules. Composite colloidal metal-silica aerogels therefore provide a novel method for the nanoscale engineering of optical sensors with rapid response times due to the high mesoporosity of the silica matrix. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anderson, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3276-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3790 BP 38 EP 42 DI 10.1117/12.351260 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BN65Y UT WOS:000082519200004 ER PT S AU Sinai, MJ McCarley, JS Krebs, WK Essock, EA AF Sinai, MJ McCarley, JS Krebs, WK Essock, EA BE Verly, JG TI Psychophysical comparisons of single- and dual-band fused imagery SO ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 1999 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 1999 CY APR 05-06, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sensor fusion; multi-spectral displays; infrared; human performance ID FUSION AB The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a dual-band sensor fused image improves visual performance compared to a single-band image. Specifically, we compared behavioral performance using images from an uncooled LIMIRS long-wave infrared sensor and a Fairchild image intensified low-light CCD, against these same images after they had been 'fused' by combining both spectral bands into a two-dimensional color space(1). Human performance was assessed in two experiments. The first experiment required observers to detect target objects presented against naturalistic backgrounds and then identify whether those detected targets were vehicles or persons. The second experiment measured observers' situational awareness by asking them to rapidly discern whether an image was upright or inverted. Performance in both tasks, as measured by reaction times and error rates, was generally best with the sensor-fused images, although in some instances performance with the single band images was as good as performance using the sensor-fused images. Results suggest that sensor fusion may facilitate human performance both by facilitating target detection and recognition, and by enabling higher levels of more general situational awareness and scene comprehension. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Krebs, WK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM wkrebs@nps.navy.mil NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3165-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3691 BP 176 EP 183 DI 10.1117/12.354419 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BN68R UT WOS:000082586300018 ER PT B AU Conway, JD DeLattre, ELS Beatty, TR AF Conway, JD DeLattre, ELS Beatty, TR BE Schafran, GC TI Vacuum recovery of free phased leaded gasoline plume Naval Air Station Oceana, Virginia Beach, Virginia SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 1999 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASCE-CSCE National Conference on Environmental Engineering CY JUL 25-28, 1999 CL NORFOLK, VA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Div Environm Engn, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Div Environm Engn, US EPA, URS Greiner Woodward Clyde, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Norfolk Branch, Hampton Roads Sanitat Dist, City Norfolk Dept Utilit, Environm Assessment Assoc, Int Eros Control Assoc, Natl Onsite Wastewater Recycling Assoc, SE Public Serv Authority, USN, Old Dominion Univ AB Much attention has been paid to the remediation and site restoration of contaminated sites resulting from gasoline and diesel underground storage tanks. These sites are generally associated with fuel delivery systems and are readily visible to the public. One such site is located within the Naval Air Station (NAS) Oceana, Virginia Beach, Virginia. The remediation site is located on an active gas station within NAS Oceana. The scope of the project was to construct a dual-phase remediation system for the removal of free product and the treatment of contaminated groundwater. Contaminated groundwater was to have been collected from recovery wells and conveyed via an underground conveyance system to the treatment system. The treatment system would have contained all the necessary equipment to extract groundwater from the subsurface. The estimated effluent limit for lead from a remediation system at this site discharging to a surface water course is 1.4 ppb as calculated per the procedures established by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VDEQ) through their General Permit. Such an effluent limit from the VDEQ would necessitate removal of lead with associated modifications to the treatment system design. Such modifications were financially unfeasible; thus, an alternative remediation scheme had to be designed. LANTDIV decided on a remediation scheme that involved product-only recovery via solar-powered product skimmers and free product removal through vapor extraction. C1 USN, Facilities Engn Command, Atlantic Div, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. RP Conway, JD (reprint author), USN, Facilities Engn Command, Atlantic Div, Code 1821,1510 Gilbert St, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0435-6 PY 1999 BP 709 EP 718 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85T UT WOS:000086435900076 ER PT B AU Harris, JF Reisch, T AF Harris, JF Reisch, T BE Schafran, GC TI In-well aeration - An alternative to pump and treat SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 1999 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASCE-CSCE National Conference on Environmental Engineering CY JUL 25-28, 1999 CL NORFOLK, VA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Div Environm Engn, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Div Environm Engn, US EPA, URS Greiner Woodward Clyde, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Norfolk Branch, Hampton Roads Sanitat Dist, City Norfolk Dept Utilit, Environm Assessment Assoc, Int Eros Control Assoc, Natl Onsite Wastewater Recycling Assoc, SE Public Serv Authority, USN, Old Dominion Univ AB This report describes a pilot test of the NoVOCs(TM) in-well aeration groundwater,ater treatment technology at RCRA solid waste management unit (SMU) 24 at Oceana Naval Air Station in Virginia Beach, Virginia. The pilot test ran for 15 weeks and operated at an average flow rate of 7 gpm. The analytical data for volatile organics suggest that the system was effective in substantially, reducing the concentration of contaminants of concern (cis-1, 2-DCE and TCE) during the 15 weeks of pilot test operation, especially within a 40 foot radius of the treatment well. The mass reduction caused by the system also appears to be substantial. Estimates from mass balance calculations suggest that from 22 to 76 percent of the mass of cis-1,2-DCE was removed from the groundwater over the duration of the pilot test. The system functioned well after an initial period of field testing and adjustments, although a slightly deer-easing flow rate suggests that minor clogging due to oxidized iron occurred during the test. C1 USN, Facilities Engn Command, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. RP Harris, JF (reprint author), USN, Facilities Engn Command, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0435-6 PY 1999 BP 719 EP 728 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85T UT WOS:000086435900077 ER PT B AU Amthor, SB Bull, P Drewry, WA Erten-Unal, M AF Amthor, SB Bull, P Drewry, WA Erten-Unal, M BE Schafran, GC TI Water & wastewater feasibility study - Bayview, VA SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 1999 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASCE-CSCE National Conference on Environmental Engineering CY JUL 25-28, 1999 CL NORFOLK, VA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Div Environm Engn, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Div Environm Engn, US EPA, URS Greiner Woodward Clyde, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Norfolk Branch, Hampton Roads Sanitat Dist, City Norfolk Dept Utilit, Environm Assessment Assoc, Int Eros Control Assoc, Natl Onsite Wastewater Recycling Assoc, SE Public Serv Authority, USN, Old Dominion Univ AB The Water & Wastewater Feasibility Study - Bayview, VA explored potable water supply and distribution alternatives and wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal alternatives for the planned community of Bayview, Virginia. Emphasis was placed on technologies that met environmental regulations and that were easy to operate and maintain. Three potable water alternatives -- a community water system, private water systems and connection to nearby Cape Charles' water distribution system -- and four wastewater alternatives -individual wastewater systems, a community wastewater system, conventional septic tanks and drainfields, and connection to Cape Charles' wastewater system - were evaluated. The recommended potable water option is a community system which will use deep wells and provide water storage. The recommended wastewater alternative is conventional septic tanks and drainfields. C1 USN, Facilities Engn Command, Atlantic Div, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. RP Amthor, SB (reprint author), USN, Facilities Engn Command, Atlantic Div, 1510 Gilbert St, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0435-6 PY 1999 BP 862 EP 871 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85T UT WOS:000086435900092 ER PT J AU Pederson, ED Stone, ME Ovsey, VG AF Pederson, ED Stone, ME Ovsey, VG TI The removal of mercury from dental-operatory wastewater by polymer treatment SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE amalgam; dental; mercury; polymer; wastewater ID GREAT-LAKES AB The mercury (Hg) content of dental-operatory wastewater has become an issue in many localities, and Hg removal is rapidly becoming a matter of concern for all dental clinics. This preliminary study tested the efficacy of polymers for the removal of Hg contaminants from the dental-unit wastewater stream. Two commercially available polymers were used to treat dental-operatory wastewater. Used separately, each polymer removed from 74.9% to 88.4% of the Hg from dental-wastewater supernatant. The polymers used in combination, within the recommended pH range, removed up to 99.9% of the total Hg from dental-wastewater supernatant. The estimated optimal concentration of the two polymers is approximately 2.33 ml of each per liter of waste, and more than 90% of the Hg may be removed with 0.13 ml/l. Results indicate that a combination of the two polymers may sufficiently reduce Hg levels to allow discharge of clarified supernatants into public sewer systems. C1 USN, Dent Res Inst, Appl Lab Sci Dept, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Pederson, ED (reprint author), USN, Dent Res Inst, Appl Lab Sci Dept, Bldg 1-H,310A B St, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 107 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 158ZU UT WOS:000078148000011 PM 9872711 ER PT S AU Rose-Pehrsson, SL Shaffer, RE McDonald, JR Nelson, HH Grimm, RE Sprott, TA AF Rose-Pehrsson, SL Shaffer, RE McDonald, JR Nelson, HH Grimm, RE Sprott, TA BE VoDinh, T Spellicy, RL TI UXO target detection using magnetometry and EM survey data SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies CY NOV 02-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE Principal Component Analysis; target selection; UXO; digital filtering; data fusion; anomaly picker ID MULTIWAY AB Digital filtering, principal component analysis (PCA), and an automated anomaly picker have been used to improve and automate target selection of unexploded ordnance (UXO). This is the first step in a three part progam to develop new data analysis methods to automate target selection and improve discrimination of UXO from clutter and ordnance explosive waste (OEW) using magnetometry (Mag) and electromagnetic induction (EM) survey data. Traditionally, target detection has been accomplished by a time-consuming manual interactive data analysis approach. Experts screen the magnetometer data and select potential UXO targets based on their intuitive experience. EM data has been used in a secondary role in this process and the anomaly picking included classification and operator bias. In this program, the target detection step will use all of the data available and a separate classifier process will be used for identification and discrimination. Digital filtering is being used to enhance important features and reduce noise, while principal component analysis is being used to fuse three channels of data and reduce noise. Seven 50 meter-square data sets from two test sites were used to investigate these techniques. Features of interest are enhanced using filtering techniques. Inspection of the first-principal component suggests that data fusion of the magnetometer and EM data can be successfully accomplished. The new image consisting of circular features of varying diameters and intensities represent significant features present in all three data channels. Data with strong magnetometer and EM signals have the greatest intensity and in most cases noise is reduced. An automated anomaly picker has been designed to select targets from Mag, EM and PCA images. The method is fast and efficient as well as providing user options to control pick criteria. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rose-Pehrsson, SL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6110, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Shaffer, Ronald/I-2134-2012; OI Grimm, Robert/0000-0002-7588-1194 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2995-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3534 BP 496 EP 507 DI 10.1117/12.339032 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BM82B UT WOS:000079845100053 ER PT J AU Backes, JM Blaine, PJ Kavalir, MA Peltzer, J Oszko, MA Osorio, I AF Backes, JM Blaine, PJ Kavalir, MA Peltzer, J Oszko, MA Osorio, I TI Comparison of unbound phenytoin concentrations in patients receiving concomitant valproic acid therapy at various concentrations. SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. Naval Hosp, Corpus Christi, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PY 1999 VL 40 SU 7 BP 92 EP 93 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 242NR UT WOS:000082947600366 ER PT S AU Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ AF Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ BE Barabasi, AL Krishnamurthy, M Liu, F Pearsall, T TI In-situ studies of the formation of Ga and Al wires on Si(112) facet surfaces SO EPITAXIAL GROWTH-PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Epitaxial Growth-Principles and Applications CY APR 05-08, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID GROWTH; CHAINS; ENERGETICS; KINETICS AB Reflectance difference anisotropy (RDA) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED)have been used to study the formation of Ga or Al chains and nanowires on the Si(112) surface. At T > 350 degrees C, the Ga or Al chains form at the step edges by a self-limiting process, while at lower temperatures, Ga or Al nanowires form on the terraces in addition to the chains on the ledges. The process has been tracked in real time from the rapid change of the (2x1) Si(112) reconstruction under sub-critical coverage to chain formation leading to a 5x1 reconstruction followed by a 6x1 reconstruction(1). During sequential deposition of Ga and Al, we observe (in RDA and AES) that Ga atoms forming the chains can be replaced by Al, indicating a stronger Al-Si bond strength and confirming the chemical sensitivity of the light scattering in RDA. Low temperature depositions (in the 300 degrees C range) are shown to lead to the formation of Al (or Ga) metallic wires on the Si(lll) terraces. Continued deposition of less than 10 monolayers at T below 250 degrees C leads to a very anisotropic but patterned Al or Ga structure in registry with the substrate which retains an unexpectedly large polarizability for coverages as thick as 40 ml. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-477-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 570 BP 117 EP 127 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BN69F UT WOS:000082591100016 ER PT S AU Storm, DF Lange, MD AF Storm, DF Lange, MD BE Barabasi, AL Krishnamurthy, M Liu, F Pearsall, T TI Observation of surfactant properties of thallium in the epitaxial growth of indium arsenide on gallium arsenide SO EPITAXIAL GROWTH-PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Epitaxial Growth-Principles and Applications CY APR 05-08, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INAS/GAAS QUANTUM DOTS; SELF-ORGANIZED GROWTH; GAAS 001; INAS; LAYERS; TEMPERATURE; INXGA1-XAS; ALLOYS; TE AB Because of the large lattice mismatch between InAs and GaAs, the growth of the former on the (001) surface of the latter undergoes a well-known transition from a layer-by-layer mode to an island mode at an equivalent coverage of 1-2 monolayers (ML). We have observed a suppression of this transition when growth proceeds under a simultaneous thallium flux. The thallium is not significantly incorporated into the InAs layer; however, approximately I ML may remain at the interface. The effect of the thallium on the electronic properties of the InAs is investigated. C1 USN, Phys Branch, Res & Technol Grp, Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Storm, DF (reprint author), USN, Phys Branch, Res & Technol Grp, Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-477-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 570 BP 245 EP 250 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BN69F UT WOS:000082591100033 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB Nelson, N AF Johnson, WB Nelson, N TI Mentor-protege relationships in graduate training: Some ethical concerns SO ETHICS & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE ethics; mentoring; graduate advising ID PROFESSIONAL-DEVELOPMENT; DUAL RELATIONSHIPS; PSYCHOLOGY; STUDENTS; EDUCATION; GENDER; SEX; EXPERIENCES; PERCEPTIONS; FACULTY AB Theoretical and empirical writings from psychology and other fields characterize mentor-protege relationships as long-term, complex, and multifaceted. Mentoring appears to share components in common with academic advising and counseling, yet remains distinct from these roles. Mentor-protege relationships offer graduate students both enhanced career opportunity and personal and psychosocial benefits, and may become emotionally intimate and incorporate a wide range of shared activities and contexts. For these reasons, mentoring relationships at the graduate level appear unique in posing previously unexplored ethical dilemmas. In this article, we consider several ethical concerns related to mentoring psychology graduate students, including competence to mentor, describing the nature of mentoring relationships, equal access to mentoring, exploitation in mentoring relationships, and multiple role demands related to mentoring. We conclude with several salient recommendations for graduate programs relative to preparing both faculty and students for mentor-protege relationships. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. George Fox Univ, Dept Psychol, Newberg, OR 97132 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 55 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 7 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1050-8422 J9 ETHICS BEHAV JI Ethics Behav. PY 1999 VL 9 IS 3 BP 189 EP 210 DI 10.1207/s15327019eb0903_1 PG 22 WC Ethics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology GA 219TN UT WOS:000081623300001 ER PT J AU MacKerell, AD Lee, GU AF MacKerell, AD Lee, GU TI Structure, force, and energy of a double-stranded DNA oligonucleotide under tensile loads SO EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL WITH BIOPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE duplex DNA oligonucleotide; molecular dynamics; potential of mean force calculations; atomic force microscopy ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; B-DNA; ACTIVATED PROCESSES; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; LIGAND-BINDING; DUPLEX DNA; MICROSCOPY; TRANSITIONS; ELASTICITY; SYSTEM AB The end-to-end stretching of a duplex DNA oligonucleotide has been studied using potential of mean force (PMF) calculations based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments. Near quantitative agreement between the calculations and experiments was obtained for both the extension length and forces associated with strand separation. The PMF calculations show that the oligonucleotide extends without a significant energetic barrier from a length shorter than A-DNA to a length 2.4 times the contour length of B-DNA at which the barrier to strand separation is encountered. Calculated forces associated with the barrier are 0.09+/-0.03 nN, based on assumptions concerning tip and thermal-activated barrier crossing contributions to the forces. Direct AFM measurements show the oligonucleotide strands separating at 2.6+/-0.8 contour lengths with a force of 0.13+/-0.05 nN. Analysis of the energies from the MD simulations during extension reveals compensation between increases in the DNA-self energy and decreases in the DNA-solvent interaction energy, allowing for the barrierless extension of DNA beyond the canonical B form. The barrier to strand separation occurs when unfavorable DNA interstrand repulsion cannot be compensated for by favorable DNA-solvent interactions. The present combination of single molecule theoretical and experimental approaches produces a comprehensive picture of the free energy surface of biological macromolecular structural transitions. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM alex@mmiris.ab.umd.edu RI Lee, Gil/P-8696-2016; OI Lee, Gil/0000-0002-7949-5848; MacKerell, Alex/0000-0001-8287-6804 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM51501] NR 53 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7571 EI 1432-1017 J9 EUR BIOPHYS J BIOPHY JI Eur. Biophys. J. Biophys. Lett. PY 1999 VL 28 IS 5 BP 415 EP 426 DI 10.1007/s002490050224 PG 12 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210CL UT WOS:000081087500005 PM 10413863 ER PT J AU O'Brien, RT Iglesias, PA AF O'Brien, RT Iglesias, PA TI Robust controller design for linear, time-varying systems SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Article DE controller design; H-infinity control; time-varying systems ID H-INFINITY CONTROL; GLOBAL DOUBLE ALGEBRAS; STATE-SPACE APPROACH; CANCELLATIONS; ADAPTATION AB This paper examines the design of controllers for linear, time-varying systems. A design procedure is presented that incorporates performance and robustness objectives into existing H-infinity optimal control method's for time-varying systems. Design guidelines are derived for several basic performance and robustness objectives using a description of the frequency domain behaviour of a time-varying system. The frequency response is dependent on time as well as frequency. These guidelines reflect the frequency domain intuition gained from the time-invariant case as well as the time dependence of the frequency domain behaviour of a rime-varying system. Performance specifications are incorporated through the selection of time-varying weighting filters. Time-varying realisations for the weighting filters are obtained by interpolating between time-invariant realisations, Results of the localised-in-time behaviour of these realisations are derived to permit localised-in-time performance specifications. This procedure is analogues to the loop-shaping design procedure of McFarlane and Glover for time-invariant systems. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD USA. RP USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM riobrien@nadn.navy.mil RI Iglesias, Pablo/A-5202-2008 OI Iglesias, Pablo/0000-0002-0840-155X NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0947-3580 EI 1435-5671 J9 EUR J CONTROL JI Eur. J. Control PY 1999 VL 5 IS 2-4 BP 222 EP 241 PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 234NA UT WOS:000082489700006 ER PT J AU Wang, LY O'Brien, RT Iglesias, PA AF Wang, LY O'Brien, RT Iglesias, PA TI Discussion on time-varying systems and adaptation: Some thoughts on and beyond 'Robust controller design for linear, time-varying systems' by R.T. O'Brien and P.A. Iglesias SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material ID GLOBAL DOUBLE ALGEBRAS; H-INFINITY ADAPTATION C1 Wayne State Univ, ECE Dept, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Wang, LY (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, ECE Dept, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RI Iglesias, Pablo/A-5202-2008 OI Iglesias, Pablo/0000-0002-0840-155X NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0947-3580 J9 EUR J CONTROL JI Eur. J. Control PY 1999 VL 5 IS 2-4 BP 242 EP 244 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 234NA UT WOS:000082489700007 ER PT S AU Link, RE Graham, SM AF Link, RE Graham, SM BE Panontin, TL Sheppard, SD TI Dynamic initiation fracture toughness of a pressure vessel steel in the transition region SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: TWENTY-NINTH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 24-26, 1997 CL STANFORD, CA SP ASTM Comm E8 Fatigue & Fracture DE dynamic fracture; A533B steel; fracture toughness; ductile-brittle transition; reference temperature AB The dynamic fracture toughness of an ASTM A533, Grade B steel plate was determined at several temperatures in the ductile-brittle transition region. Crack-tip loading rates ranged from approximately 10(3) to 10(5) MPa root m/s. The fracture toughness was shown to decrease with increased loading rate. The dynamic fracture toughness was compared with results from previous investigations and it was shown that the decrease in toughness due to increased loading rate at the highest test temperature was not as severe as reported in previous investigations. It was also shown that the reference temperature, To, was a better index of the fracture toughness vs. temperature relationship than the nil-ductility temperature, RTNDT for this material. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Link, RE (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2486-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1332 BP 17 EP 39 DI 10.1520/STP14941S PG 23 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM73J UT WOS:000079623500002 ER PT S AU Joyce, JA Link, RE AF Joyce, JA Link, RE BE Panontin, TL Sheppard, SD TI Fracture behavior of surface crack tension specimens in the ductile-brittle transition region SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: TWENTY-NINTH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 24-26, 1997 CL STANFORD, CA SP ASTM Comm E8 Fatigue & Fracture DE surface crack; fracture toughness; constraint; A555B steel; J-integral; master curve; reference temperature; ductile-to-brittle transition AB Surface cracked tension specimens of ASTM A533, Grade B steel plate were tested to failure in the ductile-to-brittle transition region. Two different specimen configurations were used: one configuration was loaded in tension except for the natural bending resulting from the presence of the surface crack, the second configuration had an offset test section and was pin-loaded to provide a strong bending component in addition to the tension load. For each configuration, at least seven repeat tests were conducted at each of two temperatures. All specimens failed by cleavage and the critical J-integral, J(c), was obtained using three-dimensional finite element analysis of the specimen. The FEM analysis was validated by comparison with experimental strain gage and displacement measurements taken during the tests. The results were compared with previous fracture toughness measurements on the same plate using 1.6T and 1T SE(B) specimens, 1T SC(T) specimens, 1T edge cracked SE(T) specimens, and precracked Charpy specimens. The present results exhibited the expected elevation in fracture toughness and downward shift in the transition temperature compared to the highly constrained, deeply cracked SE(B) specimens. The master curve approach was used to characterize the transition curves for each specimen geometry and the shift in the transition temperature was characterized by the associated reference temperature. The master curves from the pre-cracked Charpy specimen sets tested here do not accurately predict the full constraint master curve and are non-conservative even in comparison with the tension loaded surface crack specimens and short cracked SE(B) specimens. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyce, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2486-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1332 BP 55 EP 81 DI 10.1520/STP14943S PG 27 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM73J UT WOS:000079623500004 ER PT J AU Rao, JBL Patel, DP AF Rao, JBL Patel, DP TI A novel phased array antenna that uses ferroelectrics and bulk phase shifting SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Applications of Polar Dielectrics (ECAPD-IV) CY AUG 24-27, 1998 CL MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND DE bulk phase shifting; ferroelectric materials/devices; lens antennas; phased array antennas; phase shifters ID SHIFTERS AB A new concept for phased arrays is proposed using a voltage controlled ferroelectric lens. The ferroelectric lens concept uniquely incorporates bulk phase shifting; the array does not contain individual phase shifters but rather uses ferroelectric material. This will reduce the number of phase shifters from (n x m) to (n + m), where n is the number of columns and m is the number of rows in a phased array. The number of phase shifter drivers and phase shifter controls is also significantly reduced by using row-column beam steering. Thus, the ferroelectric lens concept can potentially lead to low-cost phased arrays. This paper presents the ferroelectric lens concept, theoretical analysis and design, and experimental results. Latest results obtained for C band (4-8 GHz) lens are included. A brief description of ferroelectric materials used for this work is also included. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rao, JBL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 1999 VL 223 IS 1-4 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1080/00150199908260578 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 222NW UT WOS:000081792500034 ER PT J AU Levy, J Hubert, C Carter, AC Chang, WT Kirchoefer, SW Horwitz, JS Chrisey, DB AF Levy, J Hubert, C Carter, AC Chang, WT Kirchoefer, SW Horwitz, JS Chrisey, DB TI High-resolution scanning optical microscopy of ferroelectric thin films SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Ferroic Domains and Mesoscopic Structures (ISFD-5) CY APR 06-10, 1998 CL PENN STATE UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PA SP Penn St Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Coll Earth & Mineral Sci, Penn St Univ, Dept Math, Eberly Coll Sci, Penn St Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Coll Engn, Off Naval Res, Murata Mfg Co Inc, Alcoa Proffessorship Fund, Gordon & Breach Publicat HO PENN STATE UNIV DE ferroelectric thin films; confocal scanning optical microscopy; apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; PHASE SHIFTERS; CRYSTALS; SURFACE; SCALE AB Two optical techniques are used to map the electric polarization in Ba(x)Sr(1-x)TiO(3) (BST) thin films at room temperature. The first, confocal scanning optical microscopy (CSOM), is a diffraction-limited technique with wide applicability and ease of use. CSOM images taken at different static electric fields show reorientation of ferroelectric nanodomains. Local hysteresis loops, obtained by cycling the applied electric field at one position on the sample, suggest a coexistence of both paraelectric and ferroelectric phases at compositions x which exhibit paraelectric behavior in the bulk. Non-uniform strain is postulated to account for the apparent spatial variations of the Curie temperature. The second technique, apertureless near-field Scanning optical microscopy (ANSOM), is used to image polarization fluctuations with a spatial resolution of 30 Angstrom. ANSOM images of the same samples show inhomogeneities in the ferroelectric polarization over the smallest scales that can be observed, changes which are largely uncorrelated with topographic features. The application of an in-plane static electric field causes domain reorientation and domain wall motion over distances as small as 40 Angstrom. These results demonstrate the utility of both CSOM and ANSOM in characterizing domain structure and dynamics in ferroelectric thin films. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Levy, J (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, 3941 Ohara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RI Levy, Jeremy/A-2081-2009 OI Levy, Jeremy/0000-0002-5700-2977 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 1999 VL 222 IS 1-4 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1080/00150199908014814 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 215CF UT WOS:000081363800024 ER PT S AU Friebele, EJ Patrick, HJ Wright, BM Greenblatt, AS Bolden, EA Simon, WR Giles, DC Stringfield, ML Hildago, G Catanzaro, BE Maher, M Uleck, KR Fox, MJ Vizzini, AJ AF Friebele, EJ Patrick, HJ Wright, BM Greenblatt, AS Bolden, EA Simon, WR Giles, DC Stringfield, ML Hildago, G Catanzaro, BE Maher, M Uleck, KR Fox, MJ Vizzini, AJ BE Marcus, MA Culshaw, B TI Embedding and testing of ultrahigh sensitivity optical fiber sensors in prototype graphite composite spacecraft strut tubes SO FIBER OPTIC SENSOR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Fiber Optic Sensor Technology and Applications CY SEP 20-22, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE, Air & Waste Management Assoc, Opt Sci Div DE optical fiber sensors; embedded sensors; fiber Bragg gratings ID STRAIN AB UItrahigh sensitivity fiber cavity etalon (FCE) sensors have been embedded in graphite-reinforced polymer tubes fabricated by two different methods: resin transfer molding (RTM) and standard autoclave curing, and FCEs have been embedded in autoclave-cured unidirectional flat laminates. Significant issues encountered in embedding the sensors include protecting the fiber egress during layup, curing, and breakout survival of the butt-coupled splice between the cavity and lead fiber during composite cure, maintaining sensor location and sensor reliability and response. Methods were successfully devised to overcome these obstacles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Friebele, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3453-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3860 BP 98 EP 105 DI 10.1117/12.372998 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BP35G UT WOS:000084810900010 ER PT J AU Foerster, JW Lamontagne, RA Ewing, KJ Ervin, AM AF Foerster, JW Lamontagne, RA Ewing, KJ Ervin, AM TI Copper circulation in two tidally influenced marinas studied with the use of a Nafion polymer probe SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polymer probe; bathocuproine (BCP); copper; antifouling paint; Nafion 117 ID SPECIATION; SEAWATER; ELECTRODE; PH AB Being able to measure the levels, and predict the movement of an anthropogenic trace metal released into a marine or estuarine environment is a major focus in coastal pollution studies. One major source of trace metal contamination in these environments is from ionic-copper-containing antifouling paints on ship hulls. Because ionic copper [Cu (I) + Cu (II)] complexes with organic ligands in the aquatic environment, there is a need for a quick and reliable measurement method to determine its levels. The organic dye, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (bathocuproine = BCP), embedded in the polymer Nafion 117, is such a reliable method. This procedure provides for the development of a probe capable of directly measuring Cu (I) in seawater. Measurement numbers are within 17% of the values obtained with the aqueous BCS standard method procedure. With this Nafion probe, it is possible to test for Cu (I), and, with a method modification, for Cu (II). The probe also allows the study of the movement of the ionic copper relative to the water movements in a basin. Results from this study indicate that ionic copper circulates, mixes, and releases from the basins or harbors with the tide. The circulation and mixing are functions of the basin flushing rate and exchange ratio. Nafion impregnated with bathocuproine (BCP) is a rapid method useful for detecting Cu (I) releases into the marine environment. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Battelle, Environm Chem, Bal Air, MD USA. RP Foerster, JW (reprint author), USN Acad, Oceanog Dept 9D, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1999 VL 3 IS 1 BP 3 EP 18 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 190PC UT WOS:000079972200002 ER PT J AU Eversole, JD Hardgrove, JJ Cary, WK Choulas, DP Seaver, M AF Eversole, JD Hardgrove, JJ Cary, WK Choulas, DP Seaver, M TI Continuous, rapid biological aerosol detection with the use of UV fluorescence: Outdoor test results SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bio-aerosols; UV fluorescence; particle monitoring ID PARTICLES AB This report describes the design and principles of operation of an instrument for separately monitoring ambient aerosol concentrations of biological and nonbiological composition. A method of outdoor testing, and recent results, are also described. The single-particle fluorescence analyzer (SPFA) draws ambient air into an optical chamber through a sampling nozzle. Detection signals from each aerosol particle consist of an elastic scattering response as well as fluorescent emission in two distinct spectral bands. Differentiation of biological aerosols is based on the relative intensity of ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence measured from the particles following excitation with a 266-nm-wavelength laser pulse. During outdoor tests two types of organisms were released as aerosol sprays: Erwinia herbicola vegetative cells and Bacillus subtilis spores. The SPFA participated in 39 of a total set of 40 outdoor tests. Twenty-seven tests released E. herbicola and nine released B. subtilis. Analysis of these results indicates that a reliability of detection of about 90% for E. herbicola, and of about 87% for a. subtilis were achieved under the conditions of the tests, with a sensitivity near 1 particle/l, Some tests involved release of nonbiological aerosols that did not result in a significant change in fluorescent signals in the instrument. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eversole, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5615,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1999 VL 3 IS 4-5 BP 249 EP 259 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:4/5<249::AID-FACT4>3.0.CO;2-O PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 252DD UT WOS:000083484700004 ER PT J AU Anderson, GP King, KD Cuttino, DS Whelan, JP Ligler, FS MacKrell, JF Bovais, CS Indyke, DK Foch, RJ AF Anderson, GP King, KD Cuttino, DS Whelan, JP Ligler, FS MacKrell, JF Bovais, CS Indyke, DK Foch, RJ TI Biological agent detection with the use of an airborne biosensor SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE UAV; biosensor; remote sensing ID REMOTE AB The ability to identify aerosolized bacteria remotely with the use of a small unpiloted, all-electric aircraft was demonstrated. Swallow, an aircraft custom-built for the purpose of air-particle collection, was catapult-launched, flown by line of sight for 20-min missions, and recovered by landing on a short runway. Once airborne, the sensor payload, which included a particle collector, fluidics control unit, and biosensor, was activated. The sensor utilized was the Analyte 2000 fiber optic biosensor, which performs four simultaneous fluorescent sandwich immunoassays on the surface of tapered optical probes. Five-minute test cycles were conducted continuously and monitored at the ground station until the plane returned. Then Swallow and its sensor payload could be ready for additional flights within 30 min of landing. During the trial, Swallow successfully collected and identified an aerosolized bacterial sample. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Alexeter Technol, Chicago, IL 60630 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 8 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1999 VL 3 IS 4-5 BP 307 EP 314 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:4/5<307::AID-FACT9>3.0.CO;2-M PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 252DD UT WOS:000083484700009 ER PT B AU Xapsos, MA Summers, GP Barth, JL Stassinopoulos, EG Burke, EA AF Xapsos, MA Summers, GP Barth, JL Stassinopoulos, EG Burke, EA BE Sharp, R Dressendorfer, P TI Probability model for cumulative solar proton event fluences SO FIFTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 99) CY SEP 13-17, 1999 CL FONTEVRAUD, FRANCE SP Commissariat Energie Atom, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, COGEMA, CNES, TEMIC, CEA DAM, CEA DTA AB A new model of cumulative solar proton event fluences is presented. It allows the expected total fluence to be calculated for a given confidence level and for time periods corresponding to space missions. The new model is in reasonable agreement with the JPL91 model over their common proton energy range of > 1 to > 60 MeV. The current model extends this energy range to > 300 MeV. It also incorporates more recent data which tends to make predicted fluences slightly higher than JPL91. new model For the first time, an analytic solution is obtained for this problem of accumulated fluence over a mission. Several techniques are used, including Maximum Entropy, to show the solution is well represented as a lognormal probability distribution of the total fluence. The advantages are that it is relatively easy to work with and to update as more solar proton event data become available. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Xapsos, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5726-4 PY 1999 BP 22 EP 26 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BQ97X UT WOS:000165216900005 ER PT B AU McMorrow, D Knudson, AR Melinger, JS Buchner, S AF McMorrow, D Knudson, AR Melinger, JS Buchner, S BE Sharp, R Dressendorfer, P TI Charge-collection efficiency of GaAs field effect transistors fabricated with a low-temperature grown buffer layer: Dependence on charge deposition profile SO FIFTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 99) CY SEP 13-17, 1999 CL FONTEVRAUD, FRANCE SP Commissariat Energie Atom, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, COGEMA, CNES, TEMIC, CEA DAM, CEA DTA ID HETEROSTRUCTURE FETS; MESFETS; MECHANISMS AB The dependence of the charge-collection processes of LT GaAs field-effect transistors on the depth profile of the deposited carriers is examined using computer simulation and laser-induced charge-collection measurements. The charge-collection simulations reveal a surprising dependence of the charge-collection efficiency on the location of the deposited charge, such that the charge-collection efficiency is largest for charge deposition below the LT GaAs buffer layer. These results implicate the significant role of charge-enhancement phenomena in the charge-collection processes of LT GaAs FETs. Experimental measurements performed as a function of the optical penetration depth support the conclusions of the simulation study. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5726-4 PY 1999 BP 59 EP 68 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BQ97X UT WOS:000165216900012 ER PT B AU McMorrow, D Melinger, JS Buchner, S Scott, T Brown, RD Haddad, NF AF McMorrow, D Melinger, JS Buchner, S Scott, T Brown, RD Haddad, NF BE Sharp, R Dressendorfer, P TI Application of a pulsed laser for evaluation and optimization of SEU-hard designs SO FIFTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 99) CY SEP 13-17, 1999 CL FONTEVRAUD, FRANCE SP Commissariat Energie Atom, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, COGEMA, CNES, TEMIC, CEA DAM, CEA DTA ID SINGLE EVENT UPSET; INDUCED LATCHUP; VALIDATION AB Pulsed laser single-event upset tests are used to pinpoint and characterize sensitive nodes of circuits and to provide feedback relevant to the development and optimization of radiation-hard designs. The results presented reveal the advantages of incorporating laser evaluation at an early stage into programs designed for the development of radiation-hardened parts. A quantitative correlation is observed between the laser single-event upset and single-event latchup threshold measurements and those performed using accelerator-based heavy ion testing methods. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5726-4 PY 1999 BP 198 EP 204 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BQ97X UT WOS:000165216900036 ER PT S AU Stubblebine, SC Syverson, PF AF Stubblebine, SC Syverson, PF BE Franklin, M TI Fair on-line auctions without special trusted parties SO FINANCIAL CRYPTOGRAPHY SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Financial Cryptography Conference (FC 99) CY FEB 22-25, 1999 CL ANGUILLA, W IND ASSOC ST SP Int Financial Cryptog, nCipher Corp, e gold Transnatl, EURO RSCG Interact, Hansa Bank & Trust Co, Offshore Informat Serv AB Traditional face-to-face (English) auctions rely on the auctioneer to fairly interact with bidders to accept the hie;hest bid on behalf of the seller. On-line auctions also require fair negotiation. However, unlike face-to-face auctions, on-line auctions are inherently subject to attacks because the bidders and auctioneer are not copresent. These attacks include selectively blocking bids based on the bidder and amount and selectively closing the auction after a particular bid is received. In this paper, we present an on-line English auction in which bids are processed fairly and the auction closes fairly without specialized trusted parties. In particular, there is no need to trust the auctioneer to obtain a fair outcome to the auction. C1 CertCo, New York, NY 10004 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stubblebine, SC (reprint author), CertCo, 55 Broad St,Suite 22, New York, NY 10004 USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-66362-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1648 BP 230 EP 240 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BP76P UT WOS:000086109700017 ER PT S AU Villalobos, GR Bayya, SS Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, I AF Villalobos, GR Bayya, SS Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, I BE Gnade, B Kelley, EF TI Protectively coated phosphors SO FLAT PANEL DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY AND DISPLAY METROLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Flat Panel Display Technology and Display Metrology CY JAN 27-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE phosphor; coating; sol-gel; spray drying; cathodoluminescence; efficiency; aging AB We have developed a spraying process for coating individual phosphor particles with electrically conducting, nonconducting, and hybrid (multiple-layer) films. The phosphor is suspended in either aqueous or non-aqueous solvent containing the appropriate coating material precursors. Deposition via gelation or precipitation of the precursor material on the particles is prevented before spraying. The suspension is sprayed into a hot zone where the coating either gels or precipitates on the particle surface in-flight. Coatings developed in-flight are more uniform than coatings developed in solution. Typical coating thicknesses of 10 to 90 nm have been achieved in a single pass. Multiple coatings are applied using multiple passes. This process is scaleable to industrial sizes and is easily adaptable for coating particles for other applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Villalobos, GR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3107-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3636 BP 92 EP 97 DI 10.1117/12.344634 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BN06L UT WOS:000080536100011 ER PT S AU Ratna, BR Dinsmore, AD Tian, Y Hsu, DS Gray, HF AF Ratna, BR Dinsmore, AD Tian, Y Hsu, DS Gray, HF BE Gnade, B Kelley, EF TI Nanocrystalline phosphors for field emission displays SO FLAT PANEL DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY AND DISPLAY METROLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Flat Panel Display Technology and Display Metrology CY JAN 27-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE field emitter display; FED; phosphor; nanoparticle; cathodoluminescence; nanophosphor ID BICONTINUOUS CUBIC PHASE; ZNS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB We have synthesized oxide and sulfide based nanoparticles doped with Mn for potential use as cathodoluminescent phosphors in field-emission displays (FEDs). Earlier work on nanophosphors had raised the question whether it is possible to achieve high efficiency using particles that are less than approximately 1 mu m in size. Although high photoluminescent efficiency had been achieved in particles as small as 3 nm, high cathodoluminescent efficiency has not been reported in nanoparticles. We show, for the first time, that the cathodoluminescent efficiency of nanoparticles (in the size range of 30 - 200nm) is comparable to that of commercial (micron-sized) phosphors especially for electron beam energy ranges between 500 V and 3 kV. For example, the luminance of ZnS:Mn nanoparticles is within a factor of 2.5 of the commercial product at 650V. And, for the Zn2SiO4:Mn nanophosphor we have indeed exceeded the luminance of the commercial product. We stress the importance of a capping layer on the sulfide-based nanophosphors for improved stability and performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ratna, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3107-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3636 BP 116 EP 122 DI 10.1117/12.344637 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BN06L UT WOS:000080536100014 ER PT S AU Hsu, DSY Gray, HF AF Hsu, DSY Gray, HF BE Gnade, B Kelley, EF TI Low-voltage vertical multilayer thin-film-edge FEA for field emitter displays SO FLAT PANEL DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY AND DISPLAY METROLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Flat Panel Display Technology and Display Metrology CY JAN 27-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE field emitter arrays; FEAs; electron sources; low-voltage cathodes; field emission displays; field emission ID CHEMICAL BEAM DEPOSITION; SIDEWALL LITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; EMISSION AB A new field emitter array (FEA) electron source has been developed which includes a hollow cylindrical multi-layer thin-film-edge low work function emitter and a low capacitance horizontal extraction gate. The field emitter is made by sandwiching a low work function lithium thin film between two high work function noble metal thin films to create a lithium dispenser field emitter in each FEA cell. Our fabrication method based on conformal chemical beam deposition, is self-aligned and consists of very few processing steps compared to conical or pyramidal FEAs. The structure is fundamentally tolerant to back ion-bombardment and insensitive to poisoning as determined by cycling the operating emitter from 10(-8) to 10(-6) Ton of room air for several hours with no significant change in emission current. Using an extraction voltage of 62 volts we measured 16 microamps from 1-3 FEA cells. No special activation is required either for initial turn-on or when taking the FEA out to air and back again to vacuum We believe this new FEA should be scalable and inexpensive for manufacturing low-cost FEDs. The chemistry, fabrication and emission characteristics will be discussed in this talk. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hsu, DSY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3107-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3636 BP 131 EP 142 DI 10.1117/12.344639 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BN06L UT WOS:000080536100016 ER PT S AU Syverson, PF Stubblebine, SG AF Syverson, PF Stubblebine, SG BE Wing, JM Woodcock, J Davies, J TI Group principals and the formalization of anonymity SO FM'99-FORMAL METHODS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Congress on Formal Methods in the Development of Computing Systems (FM 99) CY SEP 20-24, 1999 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP AMAST, Aerospatiale Airbus, Alcatel Space, CCIT, CEPIS, CNES, CNRS, Cap Gemimi, Carnegie Mellon Univ, Conseil Reg Midi Pyrenees, DGA, EATCS, ESA, ETAPS, European Union, FACS, FME, France Telecom, IFIP, INRIA, IPSJ, IRIT, JSSST, LAAS, Mairie Toulouse, Matra Marconi Space, ONERA, Tech Univ Delft, Tech Univ Denmark, Tech Univ Graz, Translimina, Univ Oxford, Univ Reading ID SECURITY AB We introduce the concept of a group principal and present a number of different classes of group principals, including threshold-group-principals, These appear to naturally useful concepts for looking at security We provide an associated epistemic language and logic and use it to reason about anonymity protocols and anonymity services, where protection properties are formulated from the intruder's knowledge of group principals. Using our language, we give an epistemic characterization of anonymity properties, We also present a specification of a simple anonymizing system using our theory. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CertCo, New York, NY 10004 USA. RP Syverson, PF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM syverson@itd.nrl.navy.mil; stubblebine@cs.columbia.edu NR 28 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-66587-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1708 BP 814 EP 833 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BP83L UT WOS:000086370500045 ER PT B AU Spears, WM DeJong, KA AF Spears, WM DeJong, KA BE Banzhaf, W Reeves, C TI Dining with GAs: Operator lunch theorems SO FOUNDATIONS OF GENETIC ALGORITHMS, 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms (FOGA-5) CY 1998 CL LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SP Int Soc Genet Algorithms AB There has been considerable discussion of the pros/cons of recombination and mutation operators in the context of Holland's schema theory. Ln this paper we define a common framework for extending and relating previous "disruption" and "construction" analyses for both recombination and mutation. This results in several insights into the properties of recombination and mutation, including a No Free Lunch theorem for recombination operators as well as the lack of such a theorem for mutation. C1 USN, Res Lab, AI Ctr, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, AI Ctr, Code 5514, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM spears@aic.nrl.navy.mil; jdejong@gmu.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MORGAN KAUFMANN PUB INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 340 PINE STR, 6TH FLR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104-3205 USA BN 1-55860-559-2 PY 1999 BP 85 EP 101 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN22P UT WOS:000081156500006 ER PT B AU Kidd, T Hensgen, D AF Kidd, T Hensgen, D BE Zomaya, AY Hsu, DF Ibarra, O Horiguchi, S Nassimi, D Palis, M TI Why the mean is inadequate for accurate scheduling SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND NETWORKS (I-SPAN'99), PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms, and Networks (I-SPAN 99) CY JUN 23-25, 1999 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Western Australia, Inst Informat & Comp Machinery, IEICE Informat Syst Soc, Informat Processing Soc Japan, NYAS Sect Comp & Informat Sci AB In a distributed environment, the generalized scheduling problem attempts to optimize some performance criteria by assigning tasks to resources and by determining the order in which those tasks will be executed. Although most resource magagement systems in use today have the goal of maximixing the use of idle processors [10, 9, 5], several, such as LSF [13] and SmartNet [11], attempt to minimize the time at which the last job, in each set of jobs, completes. They attempt to deliver better quality of service to jobs by using scheduling heuristics that calculate schedules based upon the expected run-times of each job on each machine. This paper analyzes an exhaustive scheduling algorithm that minimizes the time at which the last job completes, if all jobs execute for exactly their expected run-times. The authors show that if this assumption is violated, that is, if jobs do not execute for exactly their expected run-times, then this algorithm will underestimate the time at which the last job is expected to finish, sometimes substantially. The authors conclude that an algorithm that uses not only the expected, un-times, but also their distributions, can obtain better schedules. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kidd, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0231-8 PY 1999 BP 262 EP 267 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN33Q UT WOS:000081657300041 ER PT S AU Corbett, JM Selinger, RLB AF Corbett, JM Selinger, RLB BE Beltz, GE Selinger, RLB Kim, KS Marder, MP TI Molecular dynamics studies of interfacial crack propagation in heterogeneous media SO FRACTURE AND DUCTILE VS. BRITTLE BEHAVIOR-THEORY, MODELLING AND EXPERIMENT SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fracture and Ductile vs Brittle Behavior-Theory, Modelling and Experiment, at the 1998 Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We use molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the evolution of a crack front in interfacial fracture in three dimensions. We find that when a crack passes through a localized region of heterogeneous toughness, crack front waves are initiated and propagate laterally. We also investigate the development of roughness of the crack front when the crack propagates in a region of heterogeneous toughness. We find that in steady state the mean square width W of the front scales with system size L as W similar to L-0.35, in agreement with recent theoretical predictions. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Corbett, JM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. OI Selinger, Robin/0000-0002-6519-9685 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-445-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 539 BP 209 EP 213 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BN10X UT WOS:000080728200029 ER PT B AU Lean, JL AF Lean, JL BE Ram, M TI The Sun, our variable star SO FRAGEMENTS OF SCIENCE: FESTSCHRIFT FOR MENDEL SACHS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fragments of Science CY SEP 07, 1997 CL AMHERST, NY AB There are innumerable astronomical bodies in the universe, but only two are essential for life as we know it: our planet, the Earth, and the star about which it orbits, the Sun. Middle aged, at nearly five billion years, the Sun is a reliable, steady source of energy for the Earth. Its radiation heats the Earth's surface to -18 degreesC. Thus warmed, the Earth radiates its own energy which is trapped by atmospheric greenhouse gases and provides additional warming to 15 degreesC. Together with the Earth's greenhouse gases, the Sun sustains the mean global terrestrial temperature at a level supportive of life. It enables photosynthesis, and powers the atmospheric and oceanic circulations that profoundly influence living organisms. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lean, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3884-3 PY 1999 BP 63 EP 71 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BR21H UT WOS:000165862700006 ER PT B AU Freund, HP Granatstein, VL AF Freund, HP Granatstein, VL BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI Long wavelength free-electron lasers in 1998 SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC DE free-electron lasers; space-charge effect; wavelength ID AMPLIFIER; RADIATION; WIGGLER AB A summary of the current status and most important future directions for long wavelength ( greater than or equal to 0.5 mm) free-electron lasers is presented. The distinction between long and short wavelengths is a natural one. For example, space-charge effects may be important for the high currents typically employed at long wavelengths, and the dominant interaction mechanism is often coherent Raman scattering. In addition, dispersion due to the dielectric effects and finite transverse dimensions in the drift tubes and cavities are important at longer wavelengths. The principal goals at long wavelengths are to achieve much higher average powers with good overall efficiency in a compact design. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Freund, HP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP 33 EP 36 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800007 ER PT B AU Colson, WB AF Colson, WB BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI Short wavelength free electron lasers in 1998 SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC ID TESLA-TEST-FACILITY; SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION; STORAGE-RING; VUV-FEL; SUPERCONDUCTING LINAC; RACETRACK MICROTRON; FIRST LASINGS; FELICITA-I; DESIGN; AMPLIFICATION AB A table is presented that describes the characteristics of 58 short wavelength free electron lasers, operating and proposed, around the world. 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Colson, WB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800008 ER PT B AU LeGear, RE Steele, RB McGinnis, RD Colson, WB AF LeGear, RE Steele, RB McGinnis, RD Colson, WB BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI Simulations of the proposed TJNAF 20 kW free electron laser SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC AB In support of the Navy's requirement for an anti-ship cruise missile defense system, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) is constructing the first kW FEL with a goal of improving the design to 20 kW. The 20 kW design proposes to use a klystron undulator to improve gain in weak optical fields. Simulations compare the performance of the conventional undulator with a variety of klystron undulators. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP LeGear, RE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP II5 EP II6 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800092 ER PT S AU Singh, A Markowitz, MA Schoen, PE Costellanos, C AF Singh, A Markowitz, MA Schoen, PE Costellanos, C BE Blitz, JP Little, CB TI Synthesis and characterization of self-organized microstructures with chemically active surfaces and evaluation of their technical utility SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF CHEMICALLY MODIFIED SURFACES SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Chemically Modified Surfaces CY JUN 24-28, 1998 CL NORTHWESTERN UNIV, EVANSTON, IL HO NORTHWESTERN UNIV ID DIACETYLENIC PHOSPHOLIPIDS; TUBULE FORMATION; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES; CHEMISTRY; MEMBRANES C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-714-X J9 ROY SOC CH PY 1999 IS 235 BP 14 EP 23 DI 10.1533/9781845698591.14 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BR35Z UT WOS:000166187600002 ER PT J AU Kalra, AK Showalter, JA Fulford, JK AF Kalra, AK Showalter, JA Fulford, JK TI Subbottom profile of ARSRP sediment pond as determined from vertical towed array data SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The Acoustic Reverberation Special Research Program (ARSRP) acquired a unique set of towed vertical array data across a sediment pond adjacent to the midAtlantic ridge. Processing of the deep-towed Vertical array data to map the subbottom structure within the sediment pond provided the basis for a geological interpretation of the pelagic sediments contained within the pond. The layering in this pond is parallel and subparallel in nature with very gentle dips increasing with depths of the sediment. The gentle dips and the faults within the sediment layers are the result of differential compaction and slumping of the sediments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Geophys Acoust Data Div, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Fulford, JK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7182, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 18 IS 3 BP 247 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s003670050075 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 168DB UT WOS:000078674800010 ER PT J AU Wu, LX Liu, ZY Hurlburt, HE AF Wu, LX Liu, ZY Hurlburt, HE TI The effect of north-south gyre width on the inertial recirculation SO GEOPHYSICAL AND ASTROPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE recirculation; north-south gyre width; local PV advection ID WIND-DRIVEN; MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA; CIRCULATION; OCEAN; MODELS AB The effect of the gyre north-south width on the inertial recirculation has been studied using a non-eddy resolving QG model. It is found that for the traditional sinusoidal Ekman pumping profile with a fixed maximum interior transport and fixed viscosity, a smaller north-south width will produce a stronger inertial recirculation, unless the north - south width of the gyre becomes comparable with that of the inertial recirculation. This is because the intensity of the inertial recirculation is mainly determined by the local advection of the potential vorticity anomaly in the vicinity of midlatitude. In a case of small north-south gyre width, the local speed of the northern parr of the western boundary current will be increased by the northward shift of the latitude with the maximum interior Sverdrup transport. This tends to enhance the advection of potential vorticity anomaly, namely, nonlinearity within the northwestern corner and in turn a strong Q-anomaly in the midlatitude jet. As a positive feedback, the resulting recirculation can dramatically increase the speed of the western boundary current, and in turn a stronger potential vorticity advection which further intensify the recirculation. As a result, in a double-gyre circulation that has a subpolar gyre of a smaller north-south width, and that has the same Sverdrup flows in both gyres, the recirculation can be significantly stronger in the subpolar gyre than in the subtropical gyre. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmos Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wu, LX (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmos Ocean Sci, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0309-1929 J9 GEOPHYS ASTRO FLUID JI Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. PY 1999 VL 91 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 63 DI 10.1080/03091929908203697 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mechanics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mechanics GA 272LR UT WOS:000084652100002 ER PT J AU Childers, VA Bell, RE Brozena, JM AF Childers, VA Bell, RE Brozena, JM TI Airborne gravimetry: An investigation of filtering SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Low-pass filtering in airborne gravimetry data processing plays a fundamental role in determining the spectral content and amplitude of the free-air anomaly. Traditional filters used in airborne gravimetry, the 6 x 20-s resistor-capacitor (RC) filter and the 300-s Gaussian filter, heavily attenuate the waveband of the gravity signal. As we strive to reduce the overall error budget to the sub-mGal level, an important step is to evaluate the choice and design of the low-pass filter employed in airborne gravimetry to optimize gravity anomaly recovery and noise attenuation. This study evaluates low-pass filtering options and presents a survey-specific frequency domain filter that employs the fast Fourier transform (FET) for airborne gravity data. This study recommends a new approach to low-pass filtering airborne data. For a given survey, the filter is designed to maximize the target gravity signal based upon survey parameters and the character of measurement noise. This survey-specific low-pass filter approach is applied to two aerogravimetry surveys: one conducted in West Antarctica and the other in the eastern Pacific off the California coast. A reflight comparison with the West Antarctic survey shows that anomaly amplitudes are increased while slightly improving the rms fit between the reflown survey lines when an appropriately designed FFT filter is employed instead of the traditionally used filters. A comparison of the East Pacific survey with high-resolution shipboard gravity data indicates anomaly amplitude improvements of up to 20 mGal and a 49% improvement of the rms fit from 3.99 mGal to 2.04 mGal with the appropriately designed FFT filter. These results demonstrate that substantial improvement in anomaly amplitude and wavelength can be attained by tailoring the filter to the survey. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Childers, VA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 7420, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 64 IS 1 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1190/1.1444530 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 163FU UT WOS:000078394200005 ER PT S AU Soyka, MT Dasenbrock, RR AF Soyka, MT Dasenbrock, RR BE Culp, RD Weimer, DJ TI Onboard navigation state vector propagation for the Interim Control Module of the International Space Station SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 1999 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 03-07, 1999 CL BRECKENRIDGE, CO SP Amer Astronaut Sci AB The Naval Research Laboratory is building the Interim Control Module (ICM) for the International Space Station (ISS). The ICM will provide attitude control and propulsion for the ISS. The ICM will also provide propagated navigation state vectors to the ISS across the ISS bus for pointing of the Ku-band antenna to TDRSS. To support these functions, an onboard state vector propagator has been designed and integrated into the ICM flight software. This propagator has the capability for tens of meter level accuracy, however, onboard navigation requirements are of low accuracy and initial condition state vectors are anticipated to also be of low accuracy. The design of the propagator, the types of initial conditions available, and testing on various operational spacecraft are presented. Year 2000 rollover testing is included. C1 USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Soyka, MT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, Code 8103,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-456-7 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1999 VL 101 BP 125 EP 143 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN14B UT WOS:000080857900010 ER PT J AU Saltzman, AK Hartenbach, EM Carter, JR Contreras, DN Twiggs, LB Carson, LF Ramakrishnan, S AF Saltzman, AK Hartenbach, EM Carter, JR Contreras, DN Twiggs, LB Carson, LF Ramakrishnan, S TI Transforming growth factor-alpha levels in the serum and ascites of patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer SO GYNECOLOGIC AND OBSTETRIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE transforming growth factor-alpha; ovarian cancer; serum; ascites; ELISA ID FACTOR RECEPTOR; TUMORS; EFFUSIONS; HER-2/NEU; MECHANISM AB A variety of cytokines have been identified to play a role in ovarian cancer. In th is pilot study, we sought to determine whether transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) was detectable in the serum and ascites of women with advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer. TGF-alpha was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and was present in 18 of 25 control sera. Prior to treatment for stage III or IV epithelial ovarian cancer, 18 patients had undetectable serum levels of TGF-alpha, while 18 had values ranging from 10.6 to 531.7 pg/ml. The group with undetectable levels had a 6-month greater median survival; detectable TGF-alpha might be a negative prognostic Indicator. In a separate group undergoing second-look laparotomy, differences in median TGF-alpha; values versus controls and the primary study group approached significance. TGF-alpha was detected in significantly more control peritoneal fluid samples than in patient ascites. A larger study is warranted. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Saltzman, AK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7346 J9 GYNECOL OBSTET INVES JI Gynecol.Obstet.Invest. PY 1999 VL 47 IS 3 BP 200 EP 204 DI 10.1159/000010095 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 182HK UT WOS:000079493000013 PM 10087418 ER PT S AU Duman, A Hensgen, D St John, D Kidd, T AF Duman, A Hensgen, D St John, D Kidd, T BE Prasanna, VK TI Are CORBA services ready to support resource management middleware for heterogeneous computing? SO (HCW '99) - EIGHTH HETEROGENEOUS COMPUTING WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - HETEROGENEOUS COMPUTING WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Heterogeneous Computing Workshop (HCW 99) CY APR 12, 1999 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Parallel Proc, US Off Naval Res, NOEMIX AB The goal of this paper is to report our findings as to which CORBA services are ready to support distributed system software in a heterogeneous environment. In particular, we implemented intercommunication between components in our Management System for Heterogeneous Networks (MSHN1) using four different CORBA mechanisms: the Static Invocation Interface (SII), the Dynamic Invocation Interface (DII), Untyped Event Services, and Typed Event Services. MSHN's goals are to manage dynamically changing sets of heterogeneous adaptive applications in a heterogeneous environment. We found these mechanisms at various stages of maturity, resulting in some being less useful than others. In addition, we found that the overhead added by CORBA varied from a low of 10.6 milliseconds per service request to a high of 279.1 milliseconds per service request on workstations connected via 100 Mbits/sec Ethernet. We therefore conclude that using CORBA not only substantially decreases the amount of time required to implement distributed system software, but it need not degrade performance. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Duman, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1097-5209 BN 0-7695-0107-9 J9 PROC HETER COMP WORK PY 1999 BP 83 EP 96 DI 10.1109/HCW.1999.765114 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BM85K UT WOS:000079934700007 ER PT S AU Hensgen, DA Kidd, T St John, D Schnaidt, MC Siegel, HJ Braun, TD Maheswaran, M Ali, S Kim, JK Irvine, C Levin, T Freund, RF Kussow, M Godfrey, M Duman, A Carff, P Kidd, S Prasanna, V Bhat, P Alhusaini, A AF Hensgen, DA Kidd, T St John, D Schnaidt, MC Siegel, HJ Braun, TD Maheswaran, M Ali, S Kim, JK Irvine, C Levin, T Freund, RF Kussow, M Godfrey, M Duman, A Carff, P Kidd, S Prasanna, V Bhat, P Alhusaini, A BE Prasanna, VK TI An overview of MSHN: The Management System for Heterogeneous Networks SO (HCW '99) - EIGHTH HETEROGENEOUS COMPUTING WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - HETEROGENEOUS COMPUTING WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Heterogeneous Computing Workshop (HCW 99) CY APR 12, 1999 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Parallel Proc, US Off Naval Res, NOEMIX AB The Management System for Heterogeneous Networks (MSHN) is a resource management system for nse in heterogeneous environments. This paper describes the goals of MSHN, its architecture, and both completed and ongoing research experiments. MSHNS main goal is to determine the best way to support the execution of many different applications, each with its own quality of service (Qos) requirements, in a distributed, heterogenous environment. MSHNS architecture consists of seven distributed, potentially replicated components that communicate with one another using CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture). MSHNS experimental investigations include: (1) the accurate, transparent determination of the end-to-end status of resources; (2) the identification of optimization criteria and how non-determinism and the granularity of models affect the performance of various scheduling heuristics that optimize those criteria; (3) the determination of how security should be incorporated between components as well as how to account for security as a QoS attribute; and (4) the identification of problems inherent in application and system characterization. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1097-5209 BN 0-7695-0107-9 J9 PROC HETER COMP WORK PY 1999 BP 184 EP 198 DI 10.1109/HCW.1999.765132 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BM85K UT WOS:000079934700015 ER PT S AU Floyd, LE Prinz, DK Crane, PC Herring, LC Brueckner, GE AF Floyd, LE Prinz, DK Crane, PC Herring, LC Brueckner, GE BE Frohlich, C Foing, BH TI SUSIM UARS measurements of solar UV Irradiance SO HELIOSEISMOLOGY AND SOLAR VARIABILITY SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium E2 1 of COSPAR Scientific Commission E held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 12-19, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Int Astron Union, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, European Space Agcy, Sci Comm Solar Terrestrial Phys, Comm Space Res ID DECLINING PHASE; MONITOR SUSIM; VARIABILITY; SOLAR-CYCLE-22; CALIBRATION AB Solar ultraviolet spectral irradiances for wavelengths 115-410 nm were measured by the Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor during most of the decline of solar cycle 22. New algorithms implemented for the current data version (V19) are described. The wavelength-dependent variability during solar cycle 22 is estimated to be over a factor of 2 at H I Ly-alpha and less than 1-2% above 290 nm. (C) 1999 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Interferometr Inc, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Floyd, LE (reprint author), Interferometr Inc, 14120 Parke Long Court, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1999 VL 24 IS 2 BP 225 EP 228 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00504-9 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BN87S UT WOS:000083308300012 ER PT J AU Marquez, VE Russ, P Alonso, R Siddiqui, MA Hernandez, S George, C Nicklaus, MC Dai, F Ford, H AF Marquez, VE Russ, P Alonso, R Siddiqui, MA Hernandez, S George, C Nicklaus, MC Dai, F Ford, H TI Synthesis of conformationally restricted carbocyclic nucleosides: The role of the O(4 ')-atom in the key hydration step of adenosine deaminase SO HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-STATE ANALOG; INHIBITORS; COFORMYCIN; CATALYSIS; BINDING; PH AB Conformationally restricted carbocyclic nucleosides with either a northern(N)-type conformation. i.e., N-type 2'-deoxy-methanocarba-adenosine 8 ((N)MCdAdo), or a southern(S)-type conformation, i.e. S-type 2'-deoxy-methanocarba-adenosine 9, ((S)MCdAdo), were used as substrates for adenosine deaminase (ADA) to assess the enzyme's preference for a fixed conformation relative to the flexible conformation represented by the carbocyclic nucleoside aristeromycin (10). Further comparison between the rates of deamination of these compounds with those of the two natural substrates adenosine (Ado; 1) and 2'-deoxyadenosine (dAdo; 2), as well as with that of the conformationally locked nucleoside LNA-Ado (11), which, like the natural substrates, has a furanose O(4') atom, helped differentiate between the roles of the O(4') anomeric effect and sugar conformation in controlling the rates of deamination by ADA. Differences in rates of deamination as large as 10000 can be attributed to the combined effect of the O(4') atom and the enzyme's preference for an N-type conformation. The hypothesis proposed is that ADA's preference For N-type substrates is not arbitrary; it is rather the direct consequence of the conformationally dependent O(4') anomeric effect, which is more efficient in N-type conformers in promoting the formation of a covalent hydrate at the active site of the enzyme. The formation of a covalent hydrate at the active site of ADA precedes deamination. A new and efficient synthesis of the important carbobicyclic template 14a, a useful intermediate for the synthesis of (N)MCdAdo (8) and other conformationally restricted nucleosides, is also reported. C1 NCI, Med Chem Lab, Div Basic Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marquez, VE (reprint author), NCI, Med Chem Lab, Div Basic Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Nicklaus, Marc/N-4183-2014 NR 28 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-019X J9 HELV CHIM ACTA JI Helv. Chim. Acta PY 1999 VL 82 IS 12 BP 2119 EP 2129 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 270VG UT WOS:000084557400005 ER PT S AU Medin, JA Brandt, JE Rozler, E Nelson, M Bartholomew, A Li, CG Turian, J Chute, J Chung, T Hoffman, R AF Medin, JA Brandt, JE Rozler, E Nelson, M Bartholomew, A Li, CG Turian, J Chute, J Chung, T Hoffman, R BE Orlic, D Bock, TA Kanz, L TI Ex vivo expansion and genetic marking of primitive human and baboon hematopoietic cells SO HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS: BIOLOGY AND TRANSPLANTATION SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium and Workshop on Hematopoietic Stem Cells CY JUL 01-04, 1998 CL UNIV TUBINGEN, MEERSBURG, GERMANY SP AMGEN, Germany, AMGEN, Europe, KIRIN, Japan HO UNIV TUBINGEN ID STEM-CELLS; IN-VITRO; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; PROGENITOR CELLS; CORD-BLOOD; PRECURSOR; TRACKING; CULTURE; MICE AB The achievement of positive outcomes in many clinical protocols involving hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been handicapped by the limited numbers of marrow repopulating cells available to actually bring about therapy. This insufficiency has been especially problematic in stem cell transplantation and gene therapy. A number of studies have been initiated to attempt expansion of HSCs, mainly by manipulation of key cytokines in cell suspension cultures, Unfortunately, these expansion methods usually lead to altered properties in the amplified cells, mainly by reducing their self-renewal and multilineage differentiative potentials. Here we discuss our ongoing work, utilizing a unique endothelial cell line that supports primitive hematopoiesis, to attempt to generate expansion of primate HSCs that retain their elementary properties. Genetic marking of early hematopoietic cells to facilitate tracking will be mentioned as will the development and employment of assay systems designed to evaluate the long-term functional attributes of the expanded cells. C1 Univ Illinois, Hematol Oncol Sect, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Radiat Oncol, Chicago, IL USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Hoffman, R (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Hematol Oncol Sect, Room 3150,MBRB,900 S Ashland Ave, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-188-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1999 VL 872 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08468.x PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Transplantation SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Transplantation GA BN24X UT WOS:000081273400022 PM 10372126 ER PT S AU Blank, M Garven, M Calame, JP Choi, JJ Danly, BG Levush, B Nguyen, K Pershing, DE AF Blank, M Garven, M Calame, JP Choi, JJ Danly, BG Levush, B Nguyen, K Pershing, DE BE Phillips, RM TI Experimental demonstration of high power millimeter wave gyro-amplifiers SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY MICROWAVES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy Density Microwaves CY OCT, 1998 CL PAJARO DUNES, CA ID GYROKLYSTRON AMPLIFIER AB The Naval Research Laboratory is currently investigating gyro-amplifiers as high power, broadband sources for millimeter wave radars. A three-cavity Ka-band gyroklystron achieved 225 kW peak output power with 0.82% bandwidth. At W-band, several multi-cavity gyro-amplifiers have been experimentally demonstrated. A four-cavity gyroklystron amplifier has achieved 84 kW peak output power at 34% efficiency with 370 MHz bandwidth. A five-cavity gyrodystron demonstrated 72 kW peak output power with 410 MHz bandwidth and 50 dB saturated gain. For applications requiring greater bandwidth, gyrotwystron amplifiers are also under study. A four section W-band gyrotwystron demonstrated 50 kW peak output power at 925 MHz bandwidth. The results of recent Ka-band and W-band gyro-amplifier experiments and comparisons of measured data with predictions of theory are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blank, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-796-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 474 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1063/1.59007 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BN13E UT WOS:000080797900019 ER PT S AU Gold, SH Nezhevenko, OA Yakovlev, VP Kinkead, AK Fliflet, AW Kozyrev, EV True, R Hansen, RJ Hirshfield, JL AF Gold, SH Nezhevenko, OA Yakovlev, VP Kinkead, AK Fliflet, AW Kozyrev, EV True, R Hansen, RJ Hirshfield, JL BE Phillips, RM TI Status report on the 11.424-GHz magnicon amplifier SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY MICROWAVES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy Density Microwaves CY OCT, 1998 CL PAJARO DUNES, CA ID BEAM AB Progress is reported on the development of an 11.424-GHz magnicon amplifier. The magnicon electron gun has been characterized, a new set of microwave cavities designed and engineered, and simulations of magnicon operation carried out based on the predicted properties of the electron beam. The tube will be assembled for initial operation in December 1998, following the completion of a set of measurements of the electron beam. The predicted power is similar to 60 MW at 60% efficiency. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gold, SH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-796-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 474 BP 179 EP 186 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BN13E UT WOS:000080797900022 ER PT B AU Grove, JE AF Grove, JE BE Poutanen, J Svensson, R TI Gamma-ray observations of galactic black hole candidates SO HIGH ENERGY PROCESSES IN ACCRETING BLACK HOLES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on High Energy Processes in Accreting Black Holes CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 1998 CL GRAFTAVALLEN, SWEDEN SP Nord Inst Theoret Phys, Copenhagen, Theoret Astrophys Ctr, Copenhagen, Nord Acad Adv Studies, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, Wennergren Fdn Scientif Res, Anna Greta & Holger Crafoord Fund ID X-RAYS; COMPTON-SCATTERING; COMPACT SOURCES; CYGNUS X-1; STATE; 1E-1740.7-2942; EMISSION; GRANAT; LINE AB Recent observations of galactic black hole binaries in the hard X-ray and gamma-ray bands have dramatically increased our knowledge of the high-energy emission from these objects. Understanding this emission presents a significant challenge to theoretical models of accretion flow onto compact objects and of the physical mechanisms that generate this radiation. Here I summarize the current state of observations of black hole candidates above 20 keV. With its ah-sky monitoring capability, BATSE provides nearly continuous study of the high-energy emission from more than a dozen black hole candidates. These data are particularly effective in monitoring gamma-ray luminosity changes and the evolution of rapid time variability, and in multi-wavelength comparison studies from radio wavelengths onward. Pointed observations with OSSE demonstrate the existence of two gamma-ray spectral states that are the extensions of the X-ray low/hard and high/soft (or perhaps very high) states. In the X-ray low/hard state, the majority of the bolometric luminosity is emitted in gamma rays. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Grove, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-81-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 161 BP 54 EP 63 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BN27T UT WOS:000081412100004 ER PT B AU Dermer, CD Chiang, J AF Dermer, CD Chiang, J BE Poutanen, J Svensson, R TI Variability and unification of blazars and gamma ray bursts SO HIGH ENERGY PROCESSES IN ACCRETING BLACK HOLES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on High Energy Processes in Accreting Black Holes CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 1998 CL GRAFTAVALLEN, SWEDEN SP Nord Inst Theoret Phys, Copenhagen, Theoret Astrophys Ctr, Copenhagen, Nord Acad Adv Studies, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, Wennergren Fdn Scientif Res, Anna Greta & Holger Crafoord Fund ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LACERTAE OBJECT MARKARIAN-421; BLACK-HOLES; HIGH-ENERGY; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; RELATIVISTIC PLASMA; RADIATION; FLARE; JETS AB Most models for blazars and gamma-ray bursts involve relativistic plasma outflows powered by accretion processes onto black holes. The blast wave physics developed for cosmological models of GRBs is reviewed. Two points relevant for blazar modeling are made: (1) The injection of nonthermal relativistic particles in the comoving frame is simply treated though a process of energizing the plasma as it sweeps up material from the surrounding medium. (2) The primary energy source of blazar radiation derives from the bulk kinetic energy of the outflowing plasma. Thus deceleration of the plasma blast wave must be included in blazar flaring calculations, and this process will introduce temporal and spectral effects in addition to those produced by acceleration and radiative cooling. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@osse.nrl.navy.mil NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-81-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 161 BP 264 EP 276 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BN27T UT WOS:000081412100027 ER PT S AU Mazin, II AF Mazin, II BE Barnes, SE Ashkenazi, J Cohn, JL Zuo, F TI Suppression and restoration of superconductivity in PrBa2Cu3O7 (a mini-review). SO HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Temperature Superconductivity CY JAN 07-13, 1999 CL UNIV MIAMI, CORAL GABLES, FL SP Univ Miami HO UNIV MIAMI ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PRESSURE; PR AB I discuss the the physics of superconductivity and conductivity suppression in Pr-doped REBa2Cu3O7 superconductors, and point out the experiments that indicate Pr(f)-O(p) hybridization as the cause of such suppression. I also show on a qualitative level how the existing experimental facts about this system are described by the hybridization model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6391,4555 Overlook Ave NW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-880-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 483 BP 79 EP 84 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BN91R UT WOS:000083461600014 ER PT S AU Wolf, S Ovchinnikov, Y Kresin, V AF Wolf, S Ovchinnikov, Y Kresin, V BE Barnes, SE Ashkenazi, J Cohn, JL Zuo, F TI Magnetic scattering; pair-breaking effect and anomalous diamagnetism above H-c2 and T-c SO HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Temperature Superconductivity CY JAN 07-13, 1999 CL UNIV MIAMI, CORAL GABLES, FL SP Univ Miami HO UNIV MIAMI ID CRITICAL-FIELD; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB An anomalous diamagnetic moment can be observed above T-c and H-c2 in inhomogeneous superconductors. Such inhomogeneity can be caused by a non-uniform distribution of magnetic impurities. The model describes recent experimental data on overdoped cuprates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wolf, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-880-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 483 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1063/1.59589 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BN91R UT WOS:000083461600027 ER PT S AU Osofsky, MS Nadgorny, B Soulen, RJ Broussard, P Rubinstein, M Byers, J Laprade, G Mukovskii, YM Shulyatev, D Arsenov, A AF Osofsky, MS Nadgorny, B Soulen, RJ Broussard, P Rubinstein, M Byers, J Laprade, G Mukovskii, YM Shulyatev, D Arsenov, A BE Barnes, SE Ashkenazi, J Cohn, JL Zuo, F TI Measurement of the spin-polarization of LaSrMnO SO HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Temperature Superconductivity CY JAN 07-13, 1999 CL UNIV MIAMI, CORAL GABLES, FL SP Univ Miami HO UNIV MIAMI AB A new method for determining the transport spin-polarization, point contact tunneling from a low temperature superconductor into a ferromagnet, is used to determine the spin polarization of several LaSrMnO thin films and crystals. The Andreev reflection process and its utility in measurements of spin-polarization are described. Preliminary results for the spin polarization of LSMO are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Osofsky, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010; Shulyatev, Dmitry/M-7278-2014 OI Shulyatev, Dmitry/0000-0002-7642-0277 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-880-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 483 BP 407 EP 411 DI 10.1063/1.59640 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BN91R UT WOS:000083461600071 ER PT J AU Miller, HL AF Miller, HL TI Xu Liangying and He Zuoxiu: Divergent responses to physics and politics in the post-Mao period SO HISTORICAL STUDIES IN THE PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Physicists in the Postwar Political Arena - Comparative Perspectives CY JAN, 1998 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SP Univ Calif Berkley HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Miller, HL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA SN 0890-9997 J9 HIST STUD PHYS BIOL JI Hist. Stud. Phys. Biol. Sci. PY 1999 VL 30 BP 89 EP 114 PN 1 PG 26 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 294LE UT WOS:000085912100004 ER PT B AU McNelley, TR McMahon, ME Perez-Prado, MT AF McNelley, TR McMahon, ME Perez-Prado, MT BE Bieler, TR Lalli, LA MacEwen, SR TI Grain boundary evolution during elevated temperature deformation of two superplastic aluminum alloys SO HOT DEFORMATION OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Hot Deformation of Aluminum Alloys, at the 1998 TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 11-15, 1998 CL ROSEMONT, IL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc ID ROLLING TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; POLYCRYSTALLINE FCC METALS; RECRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; MICROTEXTURE; REFINEMENT; MECHANISM AB Microtextures and grain boundary misorientations have been evaluated using computer-aided electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis methods for as-processed, annealed and deformed conditions in two superplastic aluminum alloys. Two distinct transformation paths from the deformation microstructure of as-processed material may enable superplastic response. In aluminum alloys such as 5083 superplastic microstructures develop by recrystallization processes involving the heterogeneous formation and subsequent growth of grains by the migration of high-angle grain boundaries. Corresponding grain orientations are nearly random and hence the grain boundary misorientation distributions tend toward random. The evolution of grain orientations during elevated temperature deformation of such materials may be understood in terms slip and grain boundary sliding. In alloys such as Supral 2004, the development of a superplastically enabled microstructure occurs by a continuous reaction, i.e, homogeneously within the deformation microstructure. Retained deformation textures and bimodal grain boundary misorientation distributions are generally observed in association with such reactions. Also, adjacent grains may become oriented as symmetric variants of the main texture components and so the material may undergo compatible deformation with the activation of fewer than five slip systems. Slip processes may also contribute to strain during superplastic flow and facilitate superplastic response at high strain rates. C1 USN, Dept Mech Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Dept Mech Engn, Postgrad Sch, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-412-7 PY 1999 BP 229 EP 242 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM95N UT WOS:000080239000020 ER PT B AU McFarlane, DC AF McFarlane, DC BE Sasse, MA Johnson, C TI Coordinating the interruption of people in human-computer interaction SO HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION - INTERACT '99 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT 99) CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1999 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Int Federat Informat Processing TC 13 DE interruption; human-computer interaction; user interface design guidelines; experiment; mixed-initiative dialogue; intelligent software agents; coordination AB People have cognitive limitations that make them sensitive to interruption. These limitations can cause people to make serious mistakes when they are interrupted. Unfortunately, interruption of people is a side effect of systems that allow users to delegate tasks to active background processes, like intelligent software agents. Delegation carries the costs of supervision, and that often includes being interrupted by subordinates. User interfaces for these kinds of computer systems must be designed to accommodate people's limitations relative to being interrupted. A theory-based taxonomy of human interruption was used to identify the four known methods for deciding when to interrupt people. An experiment was conducted with 36 subjects to compare these four different design approaches within a common context. The results show important differences between the four user interface design solutions to the problem of interrupting people in human-computer interaction (HCI). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5513, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mcfarlane@acm.org NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-9673355-0-7 PY 1999 BP 295 EP 303 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BP26E UT WOS:000084509200036 ER PT J AU Glaser, DN Tatum, BC Nebeker, DM Sorenson, RC Aiello, JR AF Glaser, DN Tatum, BC Nebeker, DM Sorenson, RC Aiello, JR TI Workload and social support: Effects on performance and stress SO HUMAN PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article ID JOB DECISION LATITUDE; OCCUPATIONAL STRESS; TASK COMPLEXITY; ROLE AMBIGUITY; STRAIN; MODERATORS; UNDERLOAD; OVERLOAD; ANXIETY; DEMANDS AB A work simulation was conducted to test the effects of workload on stress and performance. Social support was also investigated as a moderator variable. Two hypotheses were tested: (a) stress is an intervening variable between workload and performance and (b) social support moderates the workload-stress relation such that workload leads to lower stress when social support is high. For the Ist hypothesis, a path analysis showed an indirect relation between workload and performance with stress as an intervening variable. For the 2nd hypothesis, there was a significant 3-way interaction between workload, social support, and time. The interaction showed that, in the early stages of the experiment, high social support led to higher (rather than lower) stress. This "reverse buffering effect" did not occur during later stages of the experiment. Several alternative explanations are offered regarding the reverse buffering finding, including the possibility that stress leads to social-support seeking behavior. One practical implication of this study is that managers may need to take into consideration the employee workloads when developing performance goals. C1 Sharp Hlth Serv, Clin Outcomes Res, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. USN, Ctr Personnel Res & Dev, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Psychol, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Glaser, DN (reprint author), Sharp Hlth Serv, Clin Outcomes Res, 3131 Berger Ave, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. NR 43 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 22 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0895-9285 J9 HUM PERFORM JI Hum. Perform. PY 1999 VL 12 IS 2 BP 155 EP 176 DI 10.1207/s15327043hup1202_4 PG 22 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 178DZ UT WOS:000079252200004 ER PT J AU Baker, JM Machi, IZ Connell, SH Bharuth-Ram, K Butler, JE Cox, SFJ Fischer, CG Jestadt, T Murphy, P Nilen, RWN Sellschop, JPF AF Baker, JM Machi, IZ Connell, SH Bharuth-Ram, K Butler, JE Cox, SFJ Fischer, CG Jestadt, T Murphy, P Nilen, RWN Sellschop, JPF TI Longitudinal field muon spin relaxation (LF-mu SR) measurements and evidence for a new muonium defect site in type Ia diamond SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Hyperfine Interactions CY AUG 23-28, 1998 CL DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA AB A new configuration for muonium, with hyperfine interaction parameters of less than axial symmetry, in nitrogen rich diamond is identified in Longitudinal Field Muon Spin Relaxation (LF-mu SR) measurements. The TF-mu SR measurements on the same sample show that almost the entire strength of the new configuration is accounted for by a "missing fraction", typically seen in nitrogen rich type Ia diamond. The "missing fraction" is therefore the result of a T2 relaxation. This is consistent with muon trapping at or in some nitrogen related defect(s) followed by electron capture at random times. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Witwatersrand, SRCNS, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. Univ Durban Westville, Dept Phys, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Bharuth-Ram, K (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Connell, Simon/F-2962-2015 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Connell, Simon/0000-0001-6000-7245 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 120 IS 1-8 BP 579 EP 583 DI 10.1023/A:1017098901501 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 236UP UT WOS:000082617800095 ER PT J AU Machi, IZ Connell, SH Major, J Smallman, CG Sellschop, JPF Bharuth-Ram, K Maclear, RD Doyle, BP Butler, JE Scheuermann, R Seeger, A AF Machi, IZ Connell, SH Major, J Smallman, CG Sellschop, JPF Bharuth-Ram, K Maclear, RD Doyle, BP Butler, JE Scheuermann, R Seeger, A TI Muonium studies of p-type semi-conducting diamond under conditions of UV-visible illumination SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Hyperfine Interactions CY AUG 23-28, 1998 CL DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA ID BORON AB This work reports on the promptly forming fraction and the spin relaxation rate of the isotropic muonium (Mu(T)) component in p-type semi-conducting diamond, measured under the condition of illumination. The data are the first such investigations for diamond. A broad band illumination with wavelengths ranging from 0.5 mu m to 3 mu m was obtained from a Xenon lamp. The energy of the photons was sufficient to excite electrons from the valence band to the 0.28 ppm boron impurity band (0.37 eV). The Transverse Field Muon Spin Rotation (TF-mu SR) measurements were conducted as a function of temperature, ranging from 5 K to 300 K. An illumination effect at temperatures below 100 K is observed. It is not yet clear from these data whether the effect is due to MuT scattering off delocalized holes, which are removed by illumination or whether there is prompt trapping of MuT at boron impurities (passivation) which is affected by illumination. C1 Univ Witwatersrand, SRCNS, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. Max Planck Inst Met Forsch, Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Durban Westville, Dept Phys, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Machi, IZ (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, SRCNS, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Connell, Simon/F-2962-2015 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Connell, Simon/0000-0001-6000-7245 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 120 IS 1-8 BP 585 EP 589 DI 10.1023/A:1017051018340 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 236UP UT WOS:000082617800096 ER PT S AU Scholnik, D Coleman, JO AF Scholnik, D Coleman, JO GP IEEE IEEE TI Periodically nonuniform bandpass sampling as a tapped-delay-line filtering problem SO ICASSP '99: 1999 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-VI SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 99) CY MAR 15-19, 1999 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In this paper we consider systems for demodulation/modulation which use periodically nonuniform sampling (of arbitrary order) of the bandpass signal to circumvent the carrier-frequency restrictions of uniform sampling. The design of a particular tapped-delay-lint: (demodulation) or piecewise-constant-impulse-response (modulation) equivalent filter determines both the actual implementation filters and system performance. The tap spacing of the former and the transition times of the latter are periodically nonuniform. Following a characterization of the equivalent filter response, the special case of second-order sampling is examined for insight into the choice of sampling offset. A set of example designs demonstrates that, while nonuniform sampling permits carrier frequencies not allowed with uniform sampling, the resulting system performance is limited by the choice of carrier frequency. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scholnik, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-5041-3 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1999 BP 1721 EP 1724 DI 10.1109/ICASSP.1999.756326 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BM75N UT WOS:000079690700431 ER PT S AU Baggenstoss, PM Luginbuhl, TE AF Baggenstoss, PM Luginbuhl, TE GP IEEE IEEE TI An E-M algorithm for joint model estimation SO ICASSP '99: 1999 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-VI SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 99) CY MAR 15-19, 1999 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In the unlabeled data problem, data contains signals from various sources whose identities are not known apriori, yet the parameters of the individual sources must be estimated. To do this optimally, it is necessary to optimize the data PDE which may be modeled as a mixture density, jointly over the parameters of all the signal models. This can present a problem of enormous complexity if the number of signal classes is large. This paper describes a algorithm for jointly estimating the parameters of the various signal types, each with different parameterizations and associated sufficient statistics. In doing so, it maximizes the likelihood function of all the parameters jointly, but does so without incurring the full dimensionality of the problem. It allows lower-dimensional sufficient statistics to be utilized for each signal model, yet still achieves joint optimality. It uses an extension of the class-specific decomposition of the Bayes minimum error probability classifier. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Baggenstoss, PM (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-5041-3 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1999 BP 1825 EP 1828 DI 10.1109/ICASSP.1999.758276 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BM75N UT WOS:000079690700457 ER PT S AU Harrison, BF AF Harrison, BF GP IEEE IEEE TI Non-conventional application of robust matched-field localization: Small aperture array and mid-frequency signals SO ICASSP '99: 1999 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-VI SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 99) CY MAR 15-19, 1999 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Conventional applications of matched-field processing (MFP) use large aperture vertical arrays and low frequency signals. It is well known that MFP's sensitivity to environmental mismatch is proportional to frequency. Thus, real-world application of MFP to mid-frequency signals, e.g., 800 - 3000 Hz, is generally regarded a very difficult problem. Using small aperture vertical arrays can also compromise the performance of MFP. However, small aperture vertical arrays are more practical for real-world scenarios. In this paper, we propose the broadband L-infinity-norm estimator for robust broadband matched-field localization of mid-frequency signals received on extremely small aperture vertical arrays. Results using a simulated Gulf of Mexico environment for broadband signals (1000 - 3000 Hz) received on a 3-meter vertical array demonstrate the significant performance gains in using the L-infinity-norm estimator over the asymptotically-optimal maximum a posteriori estimator in the presence of finite environmental sampling. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Harrison, BF (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-5041-3 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1999 BP 2793 EP 2796 DI 10.1109/ICASSP.1999.761326 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BM75N UT WOS:000079690700701 ER PT S AU Lynch, RS Willett, PK AF Lynch, RS Willett, PK GP IEEE IEEE TI Classification using Dirichlet priors when the training data are mislabeled SO ICASSP '99: 1999 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-VI SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 99) CY MAR 15-19, 1999 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB The average probability of error is used to demonstrate performance of a Bayesian classification test (referred to as the Combined Bayes Test (CBT)) given the training data of each class are mislabeled. The CBT combines the information in discrete training and test data to infer symbol probabilities, where a uniform Dirichlet prior (i.e., a noninformative prior of complete ignorance) is assumed for all classes. Using this prior it is shown how classification performance degrades when mislabeling exists in the training data, and this occurs with st severity that depends on the value of the mislabeling probabilities. However, an increase in the mislabeling probabilities are also shown to cause an increase in M* (i.e., the best quantization fineness). Further, even when the actual mislabeling probabilities are known by the CBT it is not possible to achieve the classification performance obtainable without mislabeling. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Lynch, RS (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-5041-3 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1999 BP 2973 EP 2976 DI 10.1109/ICASSP.1999.761387 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BM75N UT WOS:000079690700746 ER PT B AU Hallberg, E Komlosy, J Rivers, T Watson, M Meeks, D Lentz, J Kaminer, I Yakimenko, O AF Hallberg, E Komlosy, J Rivers, T Watson, M Meeks, D Lentz, J Kaminer, I Yakimenko, O GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Development and applications of a rapid flight test prototyping system for unmanned air vehicles SO ICIASF'99: INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INSTRUMENTATION IN AEROSPACE SIMULATION FACILITIES, RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities (ICIASF'99) CY JUN 14-17, 1999 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP Onera-Ctr, Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Delegat Gen Armement, Conseil Reg Midi-Pyrenees, Mairie Toulouse, Co Presenting Instrument Syst AB This paper describes the development of a rapid prototyping system for flight testing of guidance, navigation, and control algorithms for unmanned air vehicles. The system affords a small team the ability to rapidly prototype new theoretical concepts and flight test their performance in realistic mission scenarios. The paper describes the software and hardware tools adopted for system development and discusses their application to the proof of concept flight test demonstration of a new integrated guidance and control algorithm for the Frog UAV. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hallberg, E (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5716-7 PY 1999 BP 261 EP 2610 DI 10.1109/ICIASF.1999.827166 PG 2350 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ47C UT WOS:000088436500026 ER PT B AU Schultz, AC Adams, W Yamauchi, B Jones, M AF Schultz, AC Adams, W Yamauchi, B Jones, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Unifying exploration, localization, navigation and planning through a common representation SO ICRA '99: IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA '99) CY MAY 10-15, 1999 CL DETROIT, MI SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc ID ROBOTS AB The major themes of our research include the creation of mobile robot systems that are robust and adaptive in rapidly changing environments and the view of integration as a basic research issue. Where reasonable, we try to use the same representations to allow different components to work more readily together and to allow better and more natural integration of and communication between these components. In this paper, we describe our most recent work in integrating mobile robot exploration, localization, navigation, and planning through the use of a common representation, evidence grids. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schultz@aic.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5180-0; 0-7803-5181-9 PY 1999 BP 2651 EP 2658 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BN32H UT WOS:000081625700420 ER PT B AU Kang, W Xi, N Tan, JD AF Kang, W Xi, N Tan, JD GP IEEE IEEE TI Analysis and design of non-time based motion controller for mobile robots SO ICRA '99: IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA '99) CY MAY 10-15, 1999 CL DETROIT, MI SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB A new design method for non-time based tracking controller of mobile robots is presented. The new design method converts a controller designed by traditional time-based approaches to a non-time based controller using any given action reference. The stability condition of non-time based tracking controller is developed and theoretically proved. The analysis and design methods are exemplified by a mobile robot tracking control problem. The controller has been implemented and tested in a Nomadic XR4000 mobile robot. The experimental results demonstrate the advantages of proposed method. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Tan, Jindong/0000-0003-0339-8811 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5181-9 PY 1999 BP 2964 EP 2969 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BN32H UT WOS:000081625700469 ER PT B AU Heitmeyer, C Morris, P AF Heitmeyer, C Morris, P GP IEEE IEEE TI Increasing the role of RE in the development of dependable systems SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Symposium on Requirement Engineering (RE 99) CY JUN 07-11, 1999 CL UNIV LIMERICK, LIMERICK, IRELAND SP IEEE Comp Soc TC Software Engn, ACM SIGSOFT, IFIP Working Grp 2.9, RENOIR HO UNIV LIMERICK C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heitmeyer, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0188-5 PY 1999 BP 191 EP 191 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BN33C UT WOS:000081640800028 ER PT J AU Pflug, LA Ioup, GE Ioup, JW AF Pflug, LA Ioup, GE Ioup, JW TI Functional inputs to passive correlation detectors for oscillatory transient signals SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE correlation detectors; detection; higher order statistics; passive detectors; transients ID MULTIPATH ENVIRONMENTS AB This research investigates whether passive detection of transient signals can be improved by replacing received signals with functionals of the received signals in correlation detectors, Specifically, this paper assesses the impact of using energy spectrum and autocorrelation functional inputs to the crosscorrelation (energy), bicorrelation, and tricorrelation detectors. Test signals with differing autocorrelation and energy spectrum properties are used in computer simulations with independent Gaussian noise to evaluate detector performance. Detection results are presented for the case when only two channels of input data are available to form the correlations, as well as the case when three and four channels of input data are available to form the higher order correlations. In the former case, it is shown that detection performance can be improved for the narrow-band signals by using the energy spectrum and autocorrelation functional inputs rather than the original received signal. In the latter case, it is shown that detection performance can be improved by using the autocorrelation input for the broadband signal and the energy spectrum input for the narrow-band signals, and that the tricorrelation detector performs best for the signals tested. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Acoust Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Pflug, LA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Acoust Branch, Code 7185, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1 BP 67 EP 80 DI 10.1109/48.740156 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 159AU UT WOS:000078150300007 ER PT J AU Bowman, SR AF Bowman, SR TI Lasers without internal heat generation SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; power lasers; solid lasers; thulium; ytterbium ID CRYSTALS AB A new approach to the design of optically pumped solid-state lasers is proposed which permits lasing without detrimental heating of the laser medium. Very high average power lasers should be possible by balancing the radiated and absorbed power density at each point within the laser medium. C1 USN, Res Lab, Laser Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowman, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Laser Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 6 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1109/3.737628 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 152EZ UT WOS:000077764400018 ER PT J AU Gibson, TB Jenn, DC AF Gibson, TB Jenn, DC TI Prediction and measurement of wall insertion loss SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE building effects; measurement; plane wave attenuation AB A propagation loss study is presented to determine the attenuation of various building walls. An approximate model was developed for the propagation of a spherical electromagnetic wave through a building wall of known material properties. This model is based on the method of images and geometrical optics. This approximate model is shown to be in good agreement with measured results. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Performance Anal Branch, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. USN, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gibson, TB (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Performance Anal Branch, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. NR 3 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 47 IS 1 BP 55 EP 57 DI 10.1109/8.752988 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 182JH UT WOS:000079495500009 ER PT J AU Kiriakidis, K Tzes, A Grivas, A Peng, PY AF Kiriakidis, K Tzes, A Grivas, A Peng, PY TI Modeling, plant uncertainties, and fuzzy logic sliding control of gaseous systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fluid how fuzzy logic; reduced-order systems; uncertainty; variable structure systems ID DESIGN AB The active control problem of gaseous processes such as primary air atmospheric-suction and forced-draft supply of air for fuel combustion is addressed in this article. The objective is to regulate gas velocity, at particular locations within the system, so that appropriate volume how rate is achieved. Using modal expansion and treating the high-order modes as unmodeled dynamics, the governing law of momentum conservation reduces to a finite set of ordinary differential equations. Due to variations of the gas properties with operating conditions, there exists parametric uncertainty in the obtained reduced-order model. Moreover, inclusion of the fan characteristic and actuator dynamics introduces additional uncertainty and nonlinearity in the model. To avoid relying on estimation of parameters that vary with operating conditions or on conservative bounds on the uncertainty, the proposed controller has variable structure with adaptive switched gain. A fuzzy-logic-based inference engine realizes the adaptive law that tunes the switched gain to the smallest value that verifies the sliding condition. In effect, this novel design reduces the tendency and magnitude of chattering, a drawback of conventional sliding control. The fuzzy logic sliding controller is tested on a prototype air-handling unit, Compared with PI control, a standard for such applications, the advocated controller overshoots less to square-wave and tracks accurately, in the steady-state higher order inputs. Further experimental investigation demonstrates robustness to structured and unstructured uncertainty. C1 USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Polytech Univ, Mech Aerosp & Mfg Engn Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Kiriakidis, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. OI Tzes, Anthony/0000-0003-3709-2810 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6536 EI 1558-0865 J9 IEEE T CONTR SYST T JI IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 7 IS 1 BP 42 EP 55 DI 10.1109/87.736749 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 154TU UT WOS:000077905800006 ER PT J AU Allan, N Trump, CL Trizna, DB McLaughlin, DJ AF Allan, N Trump, CL Trizna, DB McLaughlin, DJ TI Dual-polarized Doppler radar measurements of oceanic fronts SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Doppler radar; oceanic fronts; sea surface electromagnetic scattering; wave-current interaction ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; ARRAY IMAGING RADAR; GULF-STREAM; INSTANTANEOUS FREQUENCY; CAPE-HATTERAS; SURFACE; SEA; WAVES; BACKSCATTER; SIGNATURES AB This paper presents high-resolution, dual-polarized Doppler radar measurements of oceanic fronts made fi-om a shipborne platform along the northern boundary of the Gulf Stream during the second Office of Naval Research (ONR)/Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) High Resolution Remote Sensing Experiment (HIRES-II), Average radial scatterer velocity and consecutive short-time Doppler spectra are computed from the coherent backscatter data. These are compared with in-situ current records obtained with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and visually detected whitecap events recorded with a closed-circuit video camera. For the case in which dominant waves are propagating toward the radar, the change in the across-front radial scatterer velocity for vertical polarization shows reasonable agreement with current variations observed with the ADCP, Conversely, for the case in which the radar line-of-sight direction is orthogonal to the direction of propagation of the dominant waves, the radial scatterer velocity is sensitive to changes in the wave propagation direction caused by wave-current interaction at the front. For both polarizations, the shape of the Doppler spectrum shows significant variation across fronts, particularly for horizontal polarization. These spectral variations occur coincidentally with changes in the number of visually detected whitecap events per minute obtained from the closed-circuit video recordings, These results demonstrate the potential of dual-polarized Doppler radars operating in the low grazing angle regime for remotely sensing the current variability and the occurrence of wave breaking across oceanic fronts as well as the effect of fronts on wave propagation. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Allan, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nallan@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 1999 VL 37 IS 1 BP 395 EP 417 DI 10.1109/36.739076 PN 2 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 158NY UT WOS:000078122700007 ER PT J AU Colton, MC Poe, GA AF Colton, MC Poe, GA TI Intersensor calibration of DMSP SSM/I's: F-8 to F-14, 1987-1997 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE brightness temperature comparisons; Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I); microwave radiometry; satellite radiometer calibration and validation; sea surface wind ID SURFACE WIND SPEEDS; CLOUD LIQUID-WATER; GLOBAL OCEANS; VAPOR; DATASET AB The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) operational special sensor microwave imager (SSM/I) marked its ten-yens anniversary on the launch date of the first SSM/I (F-S), June 19, 1997, After F-8, the DMSP has launched five more SSM/I's, F-10 (December 1990), F-ll (November 1991), F-12 (August 1994), F-13 (March 1995), and F-IJ (April 1997), leaving the last SSM/I for a candidate launch in 1999, Built by Hughes Aircraft Co., these instruments have proven to be the most reliable and well-calibrated, space-based, passive microwave imaging radiometers to date, allowing the data to be used quantitatively for bath operational and climatological applications, The remarkable stability of the SSM/I sensors also provides the opportunity to quantify the incremental brightness temperature differences to which the SSM/I's can be intercalibrated, thus establishing the ''noise floor" for intercomparisons, This paper summarizes the prelaunch and postlaunch performances of each new sensor determined during calibration and validation (cal/val), starting with the formal, multiyear cal/val effort conducted by both government and public institutions under the direction of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and sponsored by the joint Air Force/Navy DMSP. Sensor-specific components, orbital configuration, and systematic relative errors are examined that contribute to the total system calibration. In particular, a large (1-3 K) but correctable left-right scan asymmetry of SSM/I brightness temperatures was observed in the data and traced to an antenna field-of-view (FOV) intrusion by the spacecraft (start of scan) and a glare suppression sensor (end of scan), These effects were found to be correctable to first order using a pixel-dependent spillover correction. Empirical statistical distribution functions for rain-free ocean pixels were constructed for the entire set of SSM/I's and formed the basis for assessing intersensor calibration. Manufacturer-derived sensor-specific antenna pattern correction (APC) coefficients were found to be the source of large intersensor differences for several channels, e,g,, 1-2 K for the 22-V channel. These differences were dramatically reduced when analyzed on the basis of the temperature data record (TDR), i,e,, prior to application of the APC, suggesting that studies requiring high intersensor accuracy should use a single set of APC coefficients, The statistical analyses have obvious inherent limitations themselves, The results of this study indicate that the "noise floor" to which we can justifiably compare individual SSM/I: sensors is approximately 0.3 K depending on the channel, and is a combination of actual sensor calibration differences and the comparison methodology. C1 Fleet Numer Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Satellite Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Colton, MC (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM coltonm@onr.navy.mil NR 31 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 1999 VL 37 IS 1 BP 418 EP 439 DI 10.1109/36.739079 PN 2 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 158NY UT WOS:000078122700008 ER PT J AU Marzano, FS Mugnai, A Panegrossi, G Pierdicca, N Smith, EA Turk, J AF Marzano, FS Mugnai, A Panegrossi, G Pierdicca, N Smith, EA Turk, J TI Bayesian estimation of precipitating cloud parameters from combined measurements of spaceborne microwave radiometer and radar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE atmospheric remote sensing; microwave radiometry; space-based radar; spaceborne precipitation retrieval ID RAINFALL MEASURING MISSION; DUAL-FREQUENCY; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; PROFILE RETRIEVAL; SINGLE-FREQUENCY; STRATIFORM RAIN; RADIATION MODEL; AIRBORNE AB The objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential of a Bayesian inversion algorithm using microwave multisensor data for the retrieval of surface rainfall rate and cloud parameters. The retrieval scheme is based on the maximum a pasteriori probability (MAP) method, extended to the use of both spaceborne passive and active microwave data. The MAP technique for precipitation profiling is also proposed to approach the problem of the radar-swath synthetic broadening; that is, the capability to exploit the combined information also where only radiometric data are available. In order to show an application to airborne data, two case studies are selected within the tropical ocean-global atmosphere coupled ocean-atmosphere response experiment (TOGA-COARE). They refer to a stratiform storm region and an intense squall line of two mesoscale convective systems, which occurred over ocean on February 20 and 22, 1993, respectively. The estimated rainfall rates and columnar hydrometeor contents derived from the proposed algorithms are compared to each other and to radar estimates based on reflectivity-rainrate (Z-R) relationships. Results in terms of reflectivity profiles and upwelling brightness temperatures, reconstructed from the estimated cloud structures, are also discussed. A database of combined measurements acquired at nadir during various TOGA-COARE Eights, is used for applying the radarswath synthetic broadening technique in the case of along-track radar-failure countermeasure, A simulated test of the latter technique is performed using the case studies of February 20 and 22, 1993. C1 Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Ingn Elettr, I-67040 Laquila, Italy. Consiglio Nazl Ric, Ist Fis Atmosfera, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Rome La Sapienza, Dipartimento Ingn Elettr, I-00184 Rome, Italy. Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Marzano, FS (reprint author), Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Ingn Elettr, I-67040 Laquila, Italy. EM marzano@ing.univaq.it RI Panegrossi, Giulia/C-5702-2015 OI Panegrossi, Giulia/0000-0002-5170-7087 NR 54 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 1999 VL 37 IS 1 BP 596 EP 613 DI 10.1109/36.739124 PN 2 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 158NY UT WOS:000078122700025 ER PT J AU Borden, B AF Borden, B TI Regularization of noisy ISAR images containing extended features SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Letter DE Bayesian; cross-entropy; entropy; ISAR imaging; regularization ID MAXIMUM-ENTROPY; CROSS-ENTROPY; RECONSTRUCTION AB We present a regularization method that employs a cross-entropy functional and which deals with the three issues of complex-valued data, prior information, and noise mitigation. The basic model of this approach is similar to that used in usual maximum a posteriori analysis and allows for a more general relationship between the image and its configuration entropy than that usually employed. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 124 EP 127 DI 10.1109/83.736704 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 154CW UT WOS:000077871900014 PM 18262873 ER PT J AU Walls, WA Weldon, WF Pratap, SB Palmer, M Adams, D AF Walls, WA Weldon, WF Pratap, SB Palmer, M Adams, D TI Application of electromagnetic guns to future naval platforms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 13-15, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol AB Designs for future naval vessels are strongly considering electric drive systems. Already employed in commercial cruise ships, electric drive offers the advantages of increased ship design flexibility, improved efficiency, reduced maintenance and allows ship prime power to be easily diverted to other electrical loads as needed. The ability to use ship prime power generation, which ranges between 40 and 150 MW depending on vessel class, for other electric lends provides the opportunity to electrify many existing functions as well as add new performance enhancing systems. The recent and ongoing emergence of electric gun and guided projectile technologies now allows very long range naval fire support functions to be evaluated for viability. In this paper, conceptual system designs for surface fire support of forces in littoral campaigns are considered. Key advantages of an EM fire support weapon over conventional technologies include reduced logistics burden and cost per round, greater lethality, shorter time of flight, improved survivability; and the ability to stow more rounds. Notional mission requirements, projectile, power supply issues, and ship integration issues are discussed. Also, other shipboard uses for the pulse power system required for these notional electric gun systems are also reviewed. C1 Univ Texas, Ctr Electromech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Walls, WA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Ctr Electromech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 262 EP 267 DI 10.1109/20.738414 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 156PB UT WOS:000078009000051 ER PT J AU Sengupta, K Abdel-Hamid, TK Bosley, M AF Sengupta, K Abdel-Hamid, TK Bosley, M TI Coping with staffing delays in software project management: An experimental investigation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE delays; dynamic decision making; software project management; staffing ID DYNAMIC DECISION-MAKING; FEEDBACK; MISPERCEPTIONS; INFORMATION; SYSTEMS AB A key factor in the management of software projects is the ability of the manager to handle delays in the hiring and assimilation of staff. This study examines how decision makers cope with staffing delays, and how their decisions affect the outcome of software projects. We report the findings of a laboratory experiment in which subjects managed a simulated software project that entailed delays in the hiring and/or assimilation of staff. The performance of the subjects was ascertained in terms of the cost incurred and time taken in completing the project, While decision makers performed poorly in the presence of delays in either hiring or assimilation, subjects who had to deal with delays in the assimilation of staff performed worse than those dealing with hiring delays. Subjects who had to contend with both hiring and assimilation delays performed considerably worse than those who had to cope with just one type of delay. We suggest process explanations for the results, and discuss the implications of the results for managing software projects. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sengupta, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1083-4427 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 29 IS 1 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1109/3468.736362 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 150PB UT WOS:000077672700007 ER PT S AU Kuo, E Lanzagorta, M Rosenberg, R Julier, S Summers, J AF Kuo, E Lanzagorta, M Rosenberg, R Julier, S Summers, J BE Rosenblum, L Astheimer, P Teichmann, D TI VR scientific visualization in the GROTTO SO IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY - PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Virtual Reality Conference CY MAR 13-17, 1999 CL HOUSTON, TX SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Vusualizat & Graph AB This paper describes the efforts being carried out at the Naval Research Laboratory, (NRL) towards VR Scientific Visualization. We are exploring scientific visualization in an immersive virtual environment: the NRL's CAVE(TM)-like device known as GROTTO (Graphical Room for Observation, Training and Tactical Orientation). We describe the AVS GROTTO viewer, a VR interface to the AVS visualization system. The AVS GROTTO viewer has been used by a number of scientists in current, ongoing research projects within NRL. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kuo, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Summers, Joshua/B-7362-2009 OI Summers, Joshua/0000-0002-6129-2663 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1087-8270 BN 0-7695-0093-5 J9 P IEEE VIRT REAL ANN PY 1999 BP 81 EP 81 DI 10.1109/VR.1999.756933 PG 1 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BM85H UT WOS:000079933800016 ER PT S AU Darken, RP Cevik, H AF Darken, RP Cevik, H BE Rosenblum, L Astheimer, P Teichmann, D TI Map usage in virtual environments: Orientation issues SO IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY - PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Virtual Reality Conference CY MAR 13-17, 1999 CL HOUSTON, TX SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Vusualizat & Graph AB Navigation tasks in large virtual environments often call for the use of a virtual map. However, all maps are not alike. Performance on navigation tasks in general has been shown to vary depending on the orientation of the map with respect to rite user's frame of reference. This paper reports the results of all experiment investigating orientation issues of virtual maps for use during navigation tasks. Participants were given a virtual map in either a north-up or forward-up configuration. Performance on search tasks was measured in terms of search time and errors. Results indicate that targeted search tasks (tasks requiring only the egocentric reference frame) are best served by a forward-up alignment while primed and naive search tasks (tasks requiring information from the world reference frame) prefer a north-up alignment. Both types of maps are affected by the ability of the riser to perform mental rotations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Darken, RP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1087-8270 BN 0-7695-0093-5 J9 P IEEE VIRT REAL ANN PY 1999 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1109/VR.1999.756944 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BM85H UT WOS:000079933800027 ER PT B AU Scribner, D Warren, P Schuler, J AF Scribner, D Warren, P Schuler, J GP IEEE COMP SOC IEEE COMP SOC TI Extending color vision methods to bands beyond the visible SO IEEE WORKSHOP ON COMPUTER VISION BEYOND THE VISIBLE SPECTRUM: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS (CVBVS'99) - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Computer Vision Beyond the Visible Spectrum - Methods and Applications (CVBVS 99) CY JUN 22, 1999 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence ID CONSTANCY AB There is a rapid growth in sensor technology in regions of the electromagnetic spectrum beyond the visible. Also, the parallel growth of powerful, inexpensive computers and digital electronics has made many new imaging applications possible. Although there are many approaches to sensor fusion, this paper provides a discussion of relevant infrared phenomenology and attempts to apply known methods of human color vision to achieve image fusion. Two specific topics of importance are color contrast enhancement and color constancy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scribner, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5636, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0050-1 PY 1999 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1109/CVBVS.1999.781092 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BN32P UT WOS:000081630700004 ER PT B AU Sheehy, JB AF Sheehy, JB BE Dennis, J TI Draft ANSI standard for the evaluation of laser eye protection. SO ILSC'99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 99) CY MAR 08-11, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB The first commercially available laser eye protection was based on absorptive technology. As the name implies, the incident energy is absorbed and then dissipated as heat. Product testing consisted of assessing the optical properties of the eyewear (optical power, haze, distortion, abrasion resistance, etc), optical density, potential for saturable absorption, and damage threshold. Common of absorptive technologies, the absorption bandwidth was broad with considerable secondary absorption. The unwanted absorption resulted in low transmittance and high spectral distortion. As the usage of lasers spread and the number of possible wavelengths increased, R&D efforts in multi wavelength laser eye protection be expanded to explore alternative filter technologies such as holograms or dielectric stacks. The dielectric equivalent of the early neodymium protection had 80% transmittance as opposed to the 45% of the absorptive eyewear. The angular sensitivity, however, required that the bandwidth be increased to prevent the filter from shifting off the critical wavelength for off axis exposures. This new type of eye protection dramatically increased the demands and rigor of performance testing. No longer could one assess just the critical area. Now the required angular protection had to be determined. The required angular coverage was a function of the eye relief, pupil diameter, range of eye movements, and range of interpupillary distances. If the filter is eye centered, and as implied, alignment and fit critical, then one also needs to determine how the filter performs as misalignment is introduced. The safety zone and fit parameters determine the number of points and angular coverage at each point which must be measured to assess the protection offered. This is all in addition to the standard optical tests required to certify a product. Depending on the number of wavelengths, filter complexity, and surface area the time and cost of testing can increase dramatically. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Sheehy, JB (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-17-4 J9 LIA P PY 1999 VL 4 BP 356 EP 365 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BN49H UT WOS:000082032700043 ER PT B AU Zimmerman, S Aldrich, R AF Zimmerman, S Aldrich, R BE Dennis, J TI A study of scan fail monitors for scanning laser systems SO ILSC'99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 99) CY MAR 08-11, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB Scan fail monitors are used for laser safety in a variety of scanning laser systems, including audience scanning laser light shows. In this paper, scan fail monitor devices currently available are examined for effectiveness. Methods of evaluation of scan fail systems are discussed. Finally, ideal scan fail device characteristics are discussed for different scenarios. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Zimmerman, S (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-17-4 J9 LIA P PY 1999 VL 4 BP 495 EP 499 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BN49H UT WOS:000082032700063 ER PT S AU Gaberson, HA Cappillino, R AF Gaberson, HA Cappillino, R GP SPIE SPIE TI Energy losses caused by machinery misalignment and unbalance SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) on Modal Analysis - Reducing the Time to Market CY FEB 08-11, 1999 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB Tests were conducted to measure the energy lost due to misalignment and unbalance of rotating machinery. Several articles have appeared in maintenance publications that warn of misalignment energy losses of up to 15 percent. Energy losses of this a magnitude would dictate major machinery maintenance upgrading, precision alignment, and use of vibration and infrared diagnostics. Controlled tests were conducted to measure energy tosses due to misalignment and unbalance. The greatest loss measured was 1.2 percent at 25 percent power for gross misalignment; most losses were far less. Losses due to unbalance were under half of that. The tests were conducted with a 30-hp, 3-phase motor driving a 20-kW generator connected to a resistive toad bank. Power into the motor and from the generator to the load was measured with precision power measurement instrumentation. Four popular couplings were tested. This paper describes the tests, presents data, and comments on the ramifications. C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Energy & Util Dept, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Gaberson, HA (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Energy & Util Dept, 1100 23rd Ave, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-64-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3727 BP 1322 EP 1327 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BM61W UT WOS:000079283700203 ER PT S AU Craun, M Feit, D AF Craun, M Feit, D GP SPIE SPIE TI Localization of structural excitation using matched field processing techniques SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) on Modal Analysis - Reducing the Time to Market CY FEB 08-11, 1999 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB Matched Field Processing (MFP) is a technique originally developed in the underwater acoustics community for localizing acoustic sources in arbitrary underwater environments where traditional plane-wave beamforming is inadequate. MFP is an extension of traditional and modern SONAR processing techniques where received signals are correlated, or "matched" to assumed responses based on wave equation solutions. Unlike inverse methods, MFP does not require an inversion of the system model. but instead computes trial forward solutions which are evaluated using standard or adaptive beamforming techniques. In this paper, the MFP technique is applied to locating the source of excitation of a structure responding in the frequency range including global and localized modal response. Several variations of MFP are demonstrated and compared. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Signatures Directorate, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Craun, M (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Signatures Directorate, 9500 Macarthur Blvd W, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-64-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3727 BP 1433 EP 1439 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BM61W UT WOS:000079283700219 ER PT S AU Todd, MD Chang, CC Johnson, GA Vohra, ST Pate, JW Idriss, RL AF Todd, MD Chang, CC Johnson, GA Vohra, ST Pate, JW Idriss, RL GP SPIE SPIE TI Bridge monitoring using a 64-channel fiber Bragg grating system SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) on Modal Analysis - Reducing the Time to Market CY FEB 08-11, 1999 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) optical sensor systems have been shown to provide excellent multi-point measurements of strain in spatially extended structures such as bridges. Their ability to be multiplexed easily allows effective population of the structure such that spatio-temporal measurements can be obtained. in this paper, the application of a 64-channel FBG system to monitor the dynamic strain response of an in-service interstate bridge, is reported. FBG sensors were attached to seven different supporting girders at Various locations along one span of the bridge. With an interrogation speed of 45 Hz after averaging, the sensors were monitored under a variety of traffic conditions, including ambient conditions and single-vehicle loading with known weight and speed. Selected results from the field test reported here indicate that an optical FBG sensor system is well-suited for obtaining data for a number of bridge-related applications, including bending shape reconstruction, transient traffic loadings, weigh-in-motion, possible vehicle identification, vehicle speed, and other dynamic characteristics of the structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Todd, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-64-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3727 BP 1719 EP 1725 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BM61W UT WOS:000079283700259 ER PT S AU Wilson, T Davis, C AF Wilson, T Davis, C BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Naval EarthMap Observer (NEMO) satellite SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry V CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE imaging spectrometry; optical remote sensing; hyperspectral sensing; on-board processing ID REMOTE-SENSING REFLECTANCE; AVIRIS DATA AB The Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) have initiated the Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Technology (HRST) program to demonstrate the utility of a hyperspectral earth-imaging system to support Naval needs for characterization of the littoral regions of the world. One key component of the HRST program is the development of the Naval EarthMap Observer (NEMO) satellite system to provide a large hyperspectral data base. NEMO will carry the Coastal Ocean imaging Spectrometer (COIS) which will provide images of littoral regions with 210 spectral channels over a bandpass of 0.4 to 2.5 mu m. Since ocean environments have reflectances typically less than 5%, this system requires a very high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). COIS will sample over a 30 km swath width with a 60 m Ground Sample Distance (GSD) with the ability to go to a 30 m GSD by utilizing the systems attitude control system to "nod" (i.e., use ground motion compensation to slow down the ground track of the field of view). Also included in the payload is a co-registered 5 m Panchromatic Imager (PIC) to provide simultaneous high spatial resolution imagery. A sun-synchronous, 97.81 degrees inclination, circular orbit of 605 km allows continuous repeat coverage of the whole earth. One unique aspect of NEMO is an on-board processing system, a feature extraction and data compression software package developed by NRL called the Optical Real-Time Spectral Identification System (ORASIS). ORASIS employs a parallel, adaptive hyperspectral method for real time scene characterization, data reduction, background suppression, and target recognition. The use of ORASIS is essential for management of the massive amounts of data expected from the NEMO HSI system, and for developing Naval products under HRST. The combined HSI and panchromatic images will provide critical phenomenology to aid in the operation of Naval systems in the littoral environment. The imagery can also satisfy a number of commercial and science community requirements for moderate spatial and high spectral resolution remote sensing data over land and water. Specific areas of interest for the Navy include bathymetry, water clarity, bottom type, atmospheric visibility, bioluminescence potential, beach characterization, underwater hazards,total column atmospheric water vapor, and detection and mapping of subvisible cirrus. These data support requirements for Joint Strike and Joint Littoral warfare, particularly for environmental characterization of the littoral ocean. Demonstrations of direct downlinking of near real-time data to the warfighter are also being formulated. The NEMO satellite is planned to launch in 2000 followed by an operational period of 3 to 5 years. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wilson, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3239-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3753 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.366268 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BP12B UT WOS:000084180200001 ER PT S AU Gao, BC Montes, MJ Ahmad, Z Davis, CO AF Gao, BC Montes, MJ Ahmad, Z Davis, CO BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI An atmospheric correction algorithm based on vector radiative transfer modeling for hyperspectral remote sensing of ocean color SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry V CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE imaging spectrometer; ocean color; atmospheric correction ID AIRBORNE; REMOVAL; AVIRIS; CODE AB Multi-channel remote sensing of ocean color from space has a rich history - from the past CZCS, to the present SeaWiFS, and to the near-future MODIS. The atmospheric correction algorithms for processing remotely sensed data from these sensors were mainly developed by Howard Gordon at University of Miami. The algorithms were primarily designed for retrieving water leaving radiances in the visible spectral region over clear deep ocean areas. The information about atmospheric aerosols is derived from channels between 0.66 and 0.87 mu m, where the water leaving radiances are close to zero. The derived aerosol information is extrapolated back to the visible when retrieving water leaving radiances from remotely sensed data. Far the turbid coastal environment, the water leaving radiances for channels between 0.66 and 0.87 mu m may not be close-to zero because of back scattering by suspended materials in the water. Under these conditions, the channels are no longer useful for deriving information on atmospheric aerosols. As a result, the algorithms developed for applications to clear ocean waters cannot be easily modified to retrieve water leaving radiances from remote sensing data acquired over the coastal environments. We have recently developed a fast and fully functional atmospheric correction algorithm for hyperspectral remote sensing of ocean color with the Coastal Ocean Imaging Spectrometer (COIS). Our algorithm uses lookup tables generated with a vector radiative transfer code developed by Ahmad and Fraser (1982) and a spectral matching technique for the retrieval of water leaving radiances. The information on atmospheric aerosols is estimated using dark channels beyond 0.86 micron. Quite reasonable results were obtained when applying the algorithm to process spectral imaging data acquired over Chesapeake Bay with the NASA JPL Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3239-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3753 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1117/12.366316 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BP12B UT WOS:000084180200008 ER PT S AU Davis, CO Kappus, M Bowles, J Fisher, J Antoniades, J Carney, M AF Davis, CO Kappus, M Bowles, J Fisher, J Antoniades, J Carney, M BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Calibration, characterization and first results with the ocean PHILLS hyperspectral imager SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry V CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE coastal; imaging spectrograph; oceanography; optical remote sensing; hyperspectral imaging ID SENSORS AB The Ocean Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low-Light spectroscopy (Ocean PHILLS), is a new hyperspectral imager specifically designed for imaging the coastal ocean. It uses a thinned, backside illuminated CCD for high sensitivity, and an all-reflective spectrograph with a convex grating in an Offner configuration to produce a distortion free image. Here we describe the instrument design and present the results of laboratory calibration and characterization and example results from a two week field experiment imaging the coastal waters off Lee Stocking, Island, Bahamas. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, CO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3239-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3753 BP 160 EP 168 DI 10.1117/12.366279 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BP12B UT WOS:000084180200018 ER PT S AU Tyo, JS Turner, TS AF Tyo, JS Turner, TS BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Imaging spectropolarimeters for use in visible and infrared remote sensing SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry V CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE polarimetry; spectropolarimetric imaging; remote sensing ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER AB An imaging variable retardance, Fourier transform spectropolarimeter (VRFTSP) is presented that is capable of creating spectropolarimetric images of scenes with independent characterization of spatial, spectral, and polarimetric information. The device is used to image simple, canonical targets such as spheres and cylinders in a laboratory setup. The resulting images demonstrate the capability of developing systems to collect spectropolarimetric data of field images using the concept of pushbroom scanning and serial collection of polarimetric information, with the possibility of developing a parallelized collection strategy allowing the collection of near-real-time images of real-world targets. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tyo, JS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code IW-Ts, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3239-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3753 BP 214 EP 224 DI 10.1117/12.366312 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BP12B UT WOS:000084180200023 ER PT S AU Bowles, J Clamons, D Gillis, D Palmadesso, P Antoniades, J Baumback, M Daniel, M Grossmann, J Haas, D Skibo, J AF Bowles, J Clamons, D Gillis, D Palmadesso, P Antoniades, J Baumback, M Daniel, M Grossmann, J Haas, D Skibo, J BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI New results from the ORASIS/NEMO compression algorithm SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry V CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE hyperspectral; compression; NEMO; LVQ; ORASIS AB We present results from an improved ORASIS (Optical Real-time Adaptive Spectral Identification System) hyperspectral-data compression-algorithm that is being implemented on the Naval EarthMap Observer (NEMO) satellite. The algorithm is shown to produce results that are statistically improved from previous findings. To augment the statistical testing, the re-inflated data are: run through analysis programs such as unsupervised classification. ORASIS compression is a series of algorithms. The first algorithm, the exemplar selector process (ESP), is a variation of Learned Vector Quantization (LVQ) that builds up a relatively small set of spectra to represent the full data set. Subsequent algorithms find approximate endmembers for the exemplar set and project the set into the space defined by the endmembers. Both the ESP and the projection process contribute to the compression of the data. The obtainable compression ratios vary with scene content and other factors but ratios between 10:1 and 30:1 are possible. The compressed data format is designed to allow direct access to individual pieces of the data without re-inflation of the entire data set. Details of the hardware implementation of the Imagery On-Board Processor (IOBP) of NEMO is discussed, as well as the use of the compressed data on the ground. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowles, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3239-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3753 BP 226 EP 234 DI 10.1117/12.366284 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BP12B UT WOS:000084180200024 ER PT S AU Avramov-Zamurovic, S Koffman, AD Oldham, NM Waltrip, BC AF Avramov-Zamurovic, S Koffman, AD Oldham, NM Waltrip, BC BE Piuri, V Savino, M TI The sensitivity of a method to predict a capacitor's frequency characteristic SO IMTC/99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-3 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 24-26, 1999 CL VENICE, ITALY SP IEEE, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, AEI, ANIPLA, FAST, IMEKO TC-4, Politecn Milano C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Avramov-Zamurovic, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-5277-7 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 1999 BP 1829 EP 1833 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BN32J UT WOS:000081629700329 ER PT S AU Felix, CL Bewley, WW Aifer, EH Vurgaftman, I Olafsen, LJ Stokes, DW Meyer, JR Yang, MJ Lee, H Martinelli, RU Connolly, JC Sugg, AR Olsen, GH AF Felix, CL Bewley, WW Aifer, EH Vurgaftman, I Olafsen, LJ Stokes, DW Meyer, JR Yang, MJ Lee, H Martinelli, RU Connolly, JC Sugg, AR Olsen, GH BE Choi, HK Zory, PS TI Optically pumped mid-infrared type-II lasers: Advances in high-temperature performance SO IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers III CY JAN 27-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE mid-infrared; semiconductor laser; optical pumping; continuous-wave operation; W laser ID HETEROSTRUCTURE DIODE-LASERS; QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; MU-M; OPERATION AB Optically-pumped type-II W lasers have exhibited improved high-temperature performance throughout the wavelength range of 2.7 mu m to 7.3 mu m. Low duty cycle pumping at 2.1 mu m yielded maximum operating temperatures as high as 360 K at lambda less than or equal to 4 mu m for 3 devices, with peak output powers exceeding 1.5 W at ambient temperature. Internal losses of 90 cm(-1) at 300 K were seen for one device and suppressed Auger recombination coefficients were observed for all three. Pulsed operation at wavelengths as long as 7.3 mu m was seen in another device which had a maximum operating temperature of 220 K. For 1.064 mu m optical pumping, the same laser was able to operate in continuous-wave (cw) mode to 130 K. Cw operation was also observed at temperatures as high as 290 K for h - 3.0 mu m. Maximum cw output powers (per uncoated facet) of 260 mW at h = 3.1 mu m and 50 mW at h = 5.4 mu m were observed at T= 77 K. With further improvements in the design and growth quality of these W laser structures, it is projected the cw output powers of 0.5 W or more should be achievable at thermoelectric cooler temperatures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Felix, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3098-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3628 BP 130 EP 139 DI 10.1117/12.344539 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BM84U UT WOS:000079917400016 ER PT J AU Hickey, TE Baqar, S Bourgeois, AL Ewing, CP Guerry, P AF Hickey, TE Baqar, S Bourgeois, AL Ewing, CP Guerry, P TI Campylobacter jejuni-stimulated secretion of interleukin-8 by INT407 cells SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; EUKARYOTIC CELLS; IN-VITRO; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; INVASION; VIRULENCE; FLAGELLA; MOTILITY AB Incubation of INTJ07 cells with various clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni resulted in secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) at levels ranging from 96 to 554 pg/ml at 21 h, The strains which produced the highest levels of Its secretion were 81-176 and BT44. Induction of IL-8 secretion required live cells of 81-176 and was dependent on de novo protein synthesis, Site-specific mutants of 81-176, which were previously shown to be defective in adherence and invasion, resulted in reduced levels of secretion of IL-8, and cheY mutants of strains 81-176 and 749, which are hyperadherent and hyperinvasive, resulted in higher levels of IL-8 secretion. Another mutant of 81-176, which adheres at about 43% of the wild-type levels but is noninvasive, also showed marked reduction in LL-g levels, suggesting that invasion is necessary for high levels of IL-8 secretion. When gentamicin was added to INT407 cells at 2 h after infection with 81-176, IL-8 secretion 22 h later was equivalent to that of controls without gentamicin, suggesting that the events which trigger induction and release of IL-8 occur early in the interactions of bacteria and eukaryotic cells. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Program, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Guerry, P (reprint author), 12300 Washington Ave, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM guerryp@nmripo.nmri.nnmc.nacy.mil RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011 NR 43 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 67 IS 1 BP 88 EP 93 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 152EV UT WOS:000077764000013 PM 9864200 ER PT S AU Christoff, JT Fernandez, JE AF Christoff, JT Fernandez, JE BE Wood, JL TI Synthetic aperture sonar for small unmanned underwater vehicles SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR NAVY DIVERS AND AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES OPERATING IN VERY SHALLOW WATER AND SURF ZONE REGIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Information Systems for Navy Divers and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Operating in Very Shallow Water and Surf Zone Regions CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic aperture sonar; high resolution side scan sonars; sonar motion compensation AB The shallow water and very shallow water (<80 feet) environment is a very hostile region far sonar operations, however it is still considered one of the best options for mine detection and classification in this region. The wats depth and small vehicle size demands that the sonar be small and low power. A conflicting need exists for very high-resolution sonar, which implies a very large aperture, that can discriminate between small mines and natural or benign manmade objects. Resolution cells of approximately 1/16 the size of the targets smallest dimension are generally considered necessary to classify a target with high confidence level and low false classification rates. The synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) concept can meet the requirement for small size and high resolution. This paper will review the development of the SAS technology at CSS from a simple, single channel first generation SAS to the present real-time dual frequency multi-channel SAS. All these systems were designed to be compatible with small underwater vehicles. The SAS signal processing evolved from a very simple delay and sum beamformer to a more complex motion error modulated beamformer. This paper will show images of these systems as they evolved from the earliest 15-cm resolution SAS to the present system producing 2.5 cm and 7.5-cm resolution from a dual high/low frequency SAS, respectively. The present system operates in real-time and has generated the current images using a physical array that is less than 0.6 meters in length and 0.15 meters in height. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Christoff, JT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Code R21, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3185-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3711 BP 68 EP 78 DI 10.1117/12.354667 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Marine SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN69Y UT WOS:000082635900007 ER PT S AU Howarth, TR AF Howarth, TR BE Wood, JL TI Acoustic projectors for AUV and UUV applications in shallow water regions SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR NAVY DIVERS AND AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES OPERATING IN VERY SHALLOW WATER AND SURF ZONE REGIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Information Systems for Navy Divers and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Operating in Very Shallow Water and Surf Zone Regions CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE piezocomposite; broadband; cymbals; transducer; projector ID IDENTIFICATION AB For acoustic identification of objects in a littoral environment, there are generally three frequency bands of interest; 1 kHz to 10 kHz, 10 kHz to 100 kHz and 100 kHz to greater than or equal to 1 MHz, where the selection of these bands is dependent upon the specific Navy mission. This paper will discuss the progress of the Naval Research Laboratory in developing acoustic projector prototypes to address the lower two frequency bands for unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) and/or autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) applications. The band of 1 kHz to 10 kHz is currently being addressed using cymbal flextensional vibrator elements sandwiched into thin panels. In-air data has shown that high levels of acoustic displacement at low frequencies are possible with these devices while more recent in-water data has verified these expectations. This success has led to modelling and prototyping of similar devices for shallow water regions. The frequency range of 10 kHz to 100 kHz has been investigated for several years where the acoustic projector was originally reported during AeroSense 1998. The results of integrating the NRL broadband projector into the NSWC/Coastal Systems Station (CSS) synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) UUV will be presented. This system integration considers the projector as a constant source level over the 10 kHz to 100 kHz band by driving the 100 kHz resonant transducer with an inversely shaped transformer. The presentation will conclude with a discussion of the future development trends in shallow water transducers for AUV and UUV missions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Howarth, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3185-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3711 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1117/12.354668 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Marine SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN69Y UT WOS:000082635900008 ER PT S AU Bernstein, C AF Bernstein, C BE Wood, JL TI Close-range sensors for smalt, unmanned bottom vehicles SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR NAVY DIVERS AND AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES OPERATING IN VERY SHALLOW WATER AND SURF ZONE REGIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Information Systems for Navy Divers and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Operating in Very Shallow Water and Surf Zone Regions CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE UBV; sensing; contact sensing; surf zone; mine; obstacle; close-range; profiling; autonomous AB The Surf Zone Reconnaissance Project is developing sensors for small, autonomous, Underwater Bottom-crawling Vehicles (UBVs) for detection and classification of mines and obstacles on the ocean bottom in depths between 0 and 20 feet. The challenge is to exploit many target features by using a suite of small, inexpensive, and low-power sensors. The goal is to enable the UBVs to detect and classify objects on the sea floor autonomously. A unique aspect of the project is that sensing can occur at very short ranges. The goal for detection range is two to four meters, and classification may involve direct contact between the sensors and the target. The techniques under development include mechanical impulse response, surface profiling, magnetic anomaly sensing, pulse-induction sensing, shape tracing, and imaging. Initial studies have confirmed the usefulness of several of these techniques. Specific behaviors, termed microbehaviors, are being developed to support each sensor by exploiting the vehicle's mobility. Project plans for FY99 and FY00 include construction of a prototype sensor suite and collection of a signature database. The database will be used to develop fusion, detection, and classification algorithms that will be demonstrated over the next four years for the Office of Naval. Research. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Bernstein, C (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3185-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3711 BP 92 EP 102 DI 10.1117/12.354644 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Marine SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN69Y UT WOS:000082635900009 ER PT S AU Allen, GI Czipott, P Matthews, R Koch, RH AF Allen, GI Czipott, P Matthews, R Koch, RH BE Wood, JL TI Initial evaluation and follow on investigation of the Quantum Magnetics laboratory prototype, room temperature gradiometer for ordnance location SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR NAVY DIVERS AND AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES OPERATING IN VERY SHALLOW WATER AND SURF ZONE REGIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Information Systems for Navy Divers and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Operating in Very Shallow Water and Surf Zone Regions CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sensors; magnetic; feedback; ordnance; localization; mapping; tracking; gradiometer; fluxgate AB The SBIR Phase I room temperature gradiometer (RTG) localizer produced by Quantum Magnetics was received and evaluated in late summer of 1997. While still based on IBM's innovative three-sensor gradiometer (TSG), its performance was greatly improved over the original IBM prototype that was evaluated and reported several years pier. This system shows great promise both as a land based ordnance localizer as well as an underwater mine locator for diver or Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) applications. The localization software included both Frahm-Wynn and the newer "Magnetic and Acoustic Detection of Mines (MADOM)" algorithms, both of which were evaluated against a variety of ordnance type targets. The TSG configuration affords unprecedented dynamic range that enables detection of signals at the fluxgate sensor noise (about 5 pT/Hz(1/2) at 1 Hz) while the system is in motion in the earth's field (about 5 x 10(7) pT). Evaluation of the prototype revealed the need for additional positional sensors to enable more precise balancing and localization. Auxiliary sensors investigated were differential Gobal Positioning System (GPS) and accelerometers. Localization software incorporating these sensors is reported elsewhere. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Allen, GI (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3185-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3711 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1117/12.354646 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Marine SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN69Y UT WOS:000082635900010 ER PT S AU Clarke, JR Southerland, D AF Clarke, JR Southerland, D BE Wood, JL TI An oxygen monitor for semi-closed rebreathers - Design and use for estimating metabolic oxygen consumption SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR NAVY DIVERS AND AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES OPERATING IN VERY SHALLOW WATER AND SURF ZONE REGIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Information Systems for Navy Divers and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Operating in Very Shallow Water and Surf Zone Regions CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE rebreather; diving; microcontroller; oxygen monitor; oxygen consumption; Cochran Lifeguard AB Semi-closed circuit underwater breathing apparatus (UBA) provide a constant flow of mixed gas containing oxygen (O-2)and nitrogen or helium to a diver. However, as a diver's work rate and metabolic oxygen consumption varies, the oxygen percentages within the UBA can change dramatically. Hence, even a resting diver can become hyperoxic and become at risk for oxygen induced seizures. Conversely, a hard working diver can become hypoxic and lose consciousness. Unfortunately, current semiclosed UBA do not contain oxygen monitors. We describe a simple oxygen monitoring system designed and prototyped at the Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU). The main monitor components include a PIC(TM) microcontroller, analog-to-digital converter, bicolor LED, and oxygen sensor. The LED, affixed to the diver's mask, is steady green if the oxygen partial pressure is within pre-defined acceptable limits. A more advanced monitor with a depth sensor and additional computational circuitry could be used to estimate metabolic oxygen consumption. The computational algorithm uses the oxygen partial pressure and the diver's depth to compute O-2 using the steady state solution of the differential equation describing oxygen concentrations within the UBA. Consequently, dive transients induce errors in the O-2 estimation. To evaluate these errors, we used a computer simulation of semi-closed circuit UBA dives to generate transient rich data as input to the estimation algorithm. A step change in simulated O-2 elicits a monoexponential change in the estimated O-2 with a time constant of 5 to 10 minutes. Methods for predicting error and providing a probable error indication to the diver are presented. C1 USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Clarke, JR (reprint author), USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3185-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3711 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1117/12.354647 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Marine SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN69Y UT WOS:000082635900012 ER PT S AU Rish, JW Blume, B Nellums, B Sackos, J Foster, J Wood, JL AF Rish, JW Blume, B Nellums, B Sackos, J Foster, J Wood, JL BE Wood, JL TI Range imaging for underwater vision enhancement SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR NAVY DIVERS AND AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES OPERATING IN VERY SHALLOW WATER AND SURF ZONE REGIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Information Systems for Navy Divers and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Operating in Very Shallow Water and Surf Zone Regions CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE range-image; underwater imaging; sensor; mine reconnaissance; diver AB This paper presents results from a series of preliminary tests to evaluate a scannerless range-imaging device as a potential sensory enhancement tool for divers and as a potential identification sensor for deployment on small unmanned underwater vehicles. The device, developed by Sandia National Laboratories, forms an image on the basis of point-to-point range to the target rather than an intensity image. The range image is constructed through a classical continuous wave phase detection technique which synchronously couples a modulated light source to a gain-modulated image intensifier in the receiver. Range information is calculated on the basis of the phase difference between the transmitted and reflected signal. The initial feasibility test at the Coastal Systems Station showed the device to be effective at imaging low-contrast underwater targets such as concertina wire. It also demonstrated success at imaging a 21-inch sphere at a depth of 10 feet in the water column through a wavy air-water interface. RP Rish, JW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Code R23,6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3185-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3711 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1117/12.354650 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Marine SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN69Y UT WOS:000082635900015 ER PT S AU Healey, AJ Kim, J AF Healey, AJ Kim, J BE Wood, JL TI Modeling and simulation methodology for reconnaissance in VSW minefields with multiple autonomous vehicles SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR NAVY DIVERS AND AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES OPERATING IN VERY SHALLOW WATER AND SURF ZONE REGIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Information Systems for Navy Divers and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Operating in Very Shallow Water and Surf Zone Regions CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE robotics; search; mines; control; autonomous systems ID UNDERWATER AB Modeling and Simulation is an important tool for the evaluation of new concept systems. In particular, new system concepts are being developed for minefield reconnaissance and neutralization using robot vehicles. Also, with an emphasis on low cost, these systems are being focussed on multi-robot capabilities using fleets of similar and dissimilar vehicles in cooperative behaviors. The problems of operating in the very shallow water areas (VSW) are increased by the action of waves and currents and uneven bottom topography. This paper will discuss the elements of modeling and simulation methodology for the study of system performance analysis in minefield reconnaissance and object mapping in Very Shallow Water (VSW) environments. Crawling and swimming vehicles are considered, although the focus is on the first. Vehicle locomotion models are proposed. Wave and current models are discussed by reference to other ongoing research. The modeling of object detection sensors, and vehicle navigation sensors are also given. Using these principles given above, reference is made to the importance of two types of simulator - a graphics based visualization simulator that views the interactive behavior of robots and environmental objects, and a Monte Carlo low resolution simulator that allows the study of system effectiveness. In an example of a VSW operation with crawling vehicles, results are given that illustrates the effect of control logic parameters, on the time it takes to complete the reconnaissance mission. Also, other control parameters are studied including the effect of changes in the detection range of the primary sensor. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3185-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3711 BP 184 EP 194 DI 10.1117/12.354654 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Marine SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN69Y UT WOS:000082635900018 ER PT S AU Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Busse, LE Nguyen, VQ Cole, BJ Mossadegh, R Pureza, P Miklos, R Kung, FH Talley, D Roselle, D Aggarwal, ID AF Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Busse, LE Nguyen, VQ Cole, BJ Mossadegh, R Pureza, P Miklos, R Kung, FH Talley, D Roselle, D Aggarwal, ID BE Saad, M Harrington, JA TI Infrared optical fibers and their applications SO INFRARED OPTICAL FIBERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Infrared Optical Fibers and Their Applications CY SEP 21-22, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE ID CHALCOGENIDE GLASS-FIBER; AMPLIFIERS; EMISSION AB Chalcogenide glass fibers based on sulphide, selenide, telluride and their rare earth doped compositions are being actively pursued at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) as well as world-wide. Great strides have been made in reducing optical losses using improved chemical purification techniques, but further improvements are needed in both purification and fiberization technology to attain the theoretical optical losses. Despite this, current singlemode and multimode chalcogenide glass fibers are enabling numerous applications. Some of these applications include laser power delivery, chemical sensing, scanning near field microscopy/spectroscopy, and fiber IR sources/lasers and amplifiers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sanghera, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3442-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3849 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1117/12.372807 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BP35C UT WOS:000084810400005 ER PT S AU Horman, SR Headley, RM Zurasky, MW Dezeeuw, PA Trahan, JW AF Horman, SR Headley, RM Zurasky, MW Dezeeuw, PA Trahan, JW BE Andresen, BF Scholl, MS TI Seaborne electro-optical sensors and their technologies SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE IRST; HISS; FLIR; TIS; TISS; surveillance; track; classification; identification; multi-sensor integration AB The United States Navy (USN) has long placed a strong emphasis on the production and use of electro-optical (EO) sensors for a wide variety of missions on naval aircraft. Numerous EO fire control and surveillance sensor systems have been developed for USN surface ship applications, but production and deployment has been limited. This apparent dichotomy is due to the vastly different missions and environments of aircraft and ships, and to the need for shipboard systems that will support operations dictated by our global interests. EO technology has now evolved to the point where surveillance and fire control sensor systems can be built that have excellent performance under the preponderance of environmental conditions, and where atmospheric refraction, rather than transmission, is the primary design driver. In addition, the consensus of USN decision-makers is that EO sensor systems that are designed to complement not supplant, radar systems can provide dramatic improvements in combat system performance at acceptable costs. The two sensor classes that have achieved this level of maturity are Horizon Infrared Surveillance Systems (HISS) and the Thermal Imaging Sensors(TIS). This paper describes the technologies that have made these sensors possible as well as some of the phenomenological drivers to their designs. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Horman, SR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3172-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3698 BP 12 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.354513 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN59F UT WOS:000082322000002 ER PT B AU Merritt, RG AF Merritt, RG GP INST ENVIRONM SCI & TECHNOL INST ENVIRONM SCI & TECHNOL TI A note on prediction of gunfire environment using the Pulse Method SO INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS 1999: CONTAMINATION CONTROL - DESIGN, TEST, AND EVALUATION - PRODUCT RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Technical Meeting and Exposition of the IEST on Todays Training for Tomorrows World CY MAY 02-07, 1999 CL ONTARIO, CA SP Inst Environm Sci & Technol DE gunfire; "Sine-on-Random"; "Pulse Method"; zero-memory transform; harmonic wavelet AB In MIL-STD-810 Method 519 the response to gunfire vibration environment described by "sine-on-random" (SOR) can be predicted based upon measured physical parameters, e.g., size of gun, distance from gun, weight of materiel, etc. For the "Pulse Method" (PM) of laboratory gunfire replication (the recommended procedure in MIL-STD-810F), no corresponding prediction methodology is available because of the lack of measured data for methodology verification. It would appear that cases of substantial response to gunfire environment are best replicated in laboratory testing by means of the Phl. This paper is designed to investigate the possibility of utilizing the available gunfire environment prediction information for SOR with the PM. The paper reviews briefly the parameterized prediction procedure for response to gunfire environment described in terms of SOR. For modeling convenience the paper defines the SOR environment in terms of a nonlinear zero memory transformation (ZMT) polynomial model with single frequency sinusoidal input. A second analogous model purposes to define the PM. This paper provides an example of a set of conditions under which a specified discrete/random spectra could be useful in the laboratory replication according to the PM. Unfortunately, the SOR procedure provided in MIL-STD-810 cannot replicate the set of conditions. This example enforces the conclusion that the SOR method in MIL-STD-810 is inadequate for testing to substantial gunfire response environments. Appendix A provides the unique relationship between in phase sine wave amplitudes and the polynomial coefficients for the models. Appendix B notes a related topic concerned with the simulation of a measured gunfire response utilizing harmonic wavelets. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Life Cycle Environm Engn Branch,Airframe Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Merritt, RG (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Life Cycle Environm Engn Branch,Airframe Div, Code 476300D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 USA BN 1-877862-66-5 PY 1999 BP 154 EP 166 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN81R UT WOS:000083082600022 ER PT J AU Korn, DS Wu, HD AF Korn, DS Wu, HD TI A comprehensive review of microwave system requirements on thin-film ferroelectrics SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE low phase noise voltage-controlled oscillator; tunable filter; variable true time delay; variable phase shift; phased array; communications ID BULK AB The dual aspects of the relationship between microwave system requirements on thin-film ferroelectric (TF-FE) loss tangent (tan delta) and dielectric tunability (Delta epsilon(r,eff)) and the performance enhancements TF-FE in turn offers as compared to existing technologies is comprehensively covered. Communication and sensor system requirements on TF-FE-based oscillators, filters, phase shift and true-time-delay phase shift circuits are thoroughly explained for many system-and-circuit combinations, and quantified where possible. In general, if TF-FE tan delta and Delta epsilon(r,eff) are low and high enough respectively, it can replace existing non-tunable, switched assemblies, resulting in lower size, weight, power, complexity and cost, especially as bandwidth widens. While there is substantial application-dependent variation, requirements on TF-FE performance as a function of system-circuit combination can be discerned. Of all four circuits, oscillators need the lowest tan delta (< 0.01) and modest Delta epsilon(r,eff) (< 4:1). Filters and phase shifters need modest tan delta (0.1 to 0.02) and Delta epsilon(r,eff), while true time delay requires modest tan delta and the highest Delta epsilon(r,eff), (4:1 - >10:1). C1 TASC Inc, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Korn, DS (reprint author), TASC Inc, 4801 Stonecroft Blvd, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. NR 24 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 4 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1-4 BP 215 EP 237 DI 10.1080/10584589908215593 PG 23 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290KD UT WOS:000085674700022 ER PT J AU Chang, WT Horwitz, JS Kim, WJ Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Gilmore, CM Qadri, SB Chrisey, DB AF Chang, WT Horwitz, JS Kim, WJ Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Gilmore, CM Qadri, SB Chrisey, DB TI Dielectric properties of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films for tunable microwave applications SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE Ba1-xSrxTiO3; pulsed laser deposition; tunable microwave circuits ID SRTIO3; STRAIN AB Epitaxial Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST) thin films have been deposited onto (100) MgO and LaAlO3 substrates using pulsed laser deposition. Thick (>1 mu m) interdigitated capacitors have been deposited on top of the BST films. The capacitance and dielectric Q (1/tan delta) of the structure has been measured at microwave frequencies (1-20 GHz) as a function of electric field (0-67 kV/cm) at room temperature. In epitaxial BST films, either high dielectric tuning (4:1) or high dielectric Q (similar to 100-250) was observed but not both at the same time. Film strain was measured using X-ray diffraction and is closely related to the dielectric properties as limiting the ability to obtain both high tuning and high Q in epitaxial BST thin films. A thin BST buffer layer was used to relieve the strain in the films. In strain-relieved films, both dielectric tuning and dielectric Q were increased after annealing. A theoretical analysis of the strain effect of the films is presented based on Devonshire thermodynamic theory. C1 George Washington Univ, Sch Engn Appl Sci, Inst Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chang, WT (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Sch Engn Appl Sci, Inst Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1-4 BP 257 EP 272 DI 10.1080/10584589908215596 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290KD UT WOS:000085674700025 ER PT J AU Rao, JBL Patel, DP Krichevsky, V Sengupta, LC Chiu, L Zhang, X Zhu, Y Stowell, S Sengupta, S Moffat, A AF Rao, JBL Patel, DP Krichevsky, V Sengupta, LC Chiu, L Zhang, X Zhu, Y Stowell, S Sengupta, S Moffat, A TI Ferroelectric lens phased array antenna with interdigitated electrodes SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE bulk phase shifting; ferroelectric materials/devices; lens antennas; phased array antennas; low-cost phased array; phase shifters AB The ferroelectric lens is a new type of phased array antenna. It uniquely incorporates bulk phase shifting using ferroelectric material to reduce the cost of the phased array. The array does not contain an individual phase shifter at each radiating element. So far, the work performed to develop the ferroelectric lens has included thick bulk ferroelectric material, which requires bias voltage of over 10 kV to provide 360 degrees phase shift. This paper presents the results of a recent effort in developing a small column of the lens that uses much thinner material with interdigitated electrodes. This technique will reduce the bias voltage requirements for the ferroelectric lens. A brief review of the ferroelectric lens concept is also included. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Paratek Microwave, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Rao, JBL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1-4 BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.1080/10584589908215600 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290KD UT WOS:000085674700029 ER PT J AU Barnes, FS Wu, HD Benton, R Chumchuensuk, S Muthitacharoen, A Xu, BY AF Barnes, FS Wu, HD Benton, R Chumchuensuk, S Muthitacharoen, A Xu, BY TI Yb and Ca doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 for device application near room temperature SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE ferroelectric material; dielectric tunability; loss tangent (tan delta); dopants; bulk and thin-film BST AB The effects of doping Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 with CaO3, CaCO3 and Yb2O3 on bulk dielectric constants and the loss tangent are presented as a function of voltage and temperature. The use of these materials for microwave devices has been limited by loss both in the material and in the metal used to form the capacitors and delay lines in thin-film coplanar line structure. One sample of BST doped 5% Yb2O3 has been measured to have the lowest loss tangent we have observed for this class of materials with tan delta < 0.002 at temperature just above the Curie temperature of 280 degrees K. The estimated relative dielectric constant at zero volts was approximately 14000. The reproducibility of these values is strongly dependent on the material processing parameters including firing temperatures and oxygen content. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Dream Team Technol, Denver, CO 80204 USA. RP Barnes, FS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, CB 425, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1-4 BP 327 EP 339 DI 10.1080/10584589908215602 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290KD UT WOS:000085674700031 ER PT B AU Sanday, SC Yu, HY AF Sanday, SC Yu, HY BE Zabaras, N Becker, R Ghosh, S Lalli, L TI A concise treatment of indentation problems in transversely isotropic half-spaces SO INTEGRATION OF MATERIAL, PROCESS AND PRODUCT DESIGN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Integration of Material, Process and Product Design in Honor of Dr Owen Richmonds 70th Birthday CY OCT 19-20, 1998 CL SEVEN SPRINGS, PA SP Alcoa, Natl Sci Fdn, Ohio State Univ, Cornell Univ AB A concise treatment of a class of indentation problems in elastic transversely isotropic half-spaces is presented. The half-space is deformed by the indentation of a rigid punch. The complete solution in the half-space is obtained by integrating the elastic displacement due to the application of a point force over the contact area with an appropriate weighting function. This weighting function is the surface traction distribution determined from the surface deformation due to the indentation. Three different punch shapes are considered: cylindrical, conical and spherical. The contours of maximum shear stress under the punches are given. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sanday, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-101-5 PY 1999 BP 167 EP 173 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BP04N UT WOS:000083968000021 ER PT B AU Chang, H Szwerc, R AF Chang, H Szwerc, R BE Cuschieri, J Glegg, S Yong, Y TI Comparison of structural intensity in a ribbed panel determined with three analysis techniques SO INTER-NOISE 99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Noise Control Engineering CY DEC 06-08, 1999 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Int Inst Noise Control Engn, Inst Noise Control Engn USA C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Chang, H (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code 725,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING PI POUGHKEEPSIE PA PO BOX 3206, ARLINGTON BRANCH, POUGHKEEPSIE, NY 12603 USA BN 0-9622072-3-3 PY 1999 BP 845 EP 850 PG 6 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BR05W UT WOS:000165528400157 ER PT S AU Shaffer, RE AF Shaffer, RE BE Shaffer, RE Potyrailo, RA TI Signal processing strategies for passive FT-IR remote sensing SO INTERNAL STANDARDIZATION AND CALIBRATION ARCHITECTURES FOR CHEMICAL SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Internal Standardization and Calibration Architectures for Chemical Sensors CY SEP 20-22, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE, Air & Waste Management Assoc, Opt Sci Div DE chemometrics; multivariate calibration; pattern recognition; FT-IR; infrared analysis; interferogram; radiometric model; remote sensing; chemical detection ID TRANSFORM INFRARED INTERFEROGRAMS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; AUTOMATED DETECTION; ALGORITHM; EMISSION; SPECTRA; SENSORS; VAPORS; PLUMES AB Computer-generated synthetic single-beam spectra and interferograms are used to study signal processing strategies for passive Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) remote sensing. Four-component mixtures of ethanol, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone, and acetone vapors in two passive FT-IR remote sensing scenarios are studied. Interferogram and spectral processing strategies are compared based on the ability to generate accurate pattern recognition and multivariate calibration models. Chemical detection and quantitative analysis is further assessed based on analyte band characteristics and spectral overlap. Temperature differential between the analyte cloud and the infrared source is found to be the critical factor determining classification performance. Calibration model performance is further dependent upon the ability to reliably assess analyte plume temperature. Calibration model performance is shown to degrade significantly as the uncertainty in plume temperature increases or as the temperature difference decreases. These results suggest that in order to quantify passive FT-IR spectra remotely either there must be either a large temperature difference or an accurate assessment of plume temperature. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaffer, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6116, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Shaffer, Ronald/I-2134-2012 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3449-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3856 BP 12 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.371281 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP35F UT WOS:000084810700002 ER PT S AU Lamontagne, RA Foerster, JW AF Lamontagne, RA Foerster, JW BE Shaffer, RE Potyrailo, RA TI Copper sensor system for unattended marine operations II: development of a polymer sensor and field tests SO INTERNAL STANDARDIZATION AND CALIBRATION ARCHITECTURES FOR CHEMICAL SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Internal Standardization and Calibration Architectures for Chemical Sensors CY SEP 20-22, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE, Air & Waste Management Assoc, Opt Sci Div DE optical sensor; comparator; Bathocuproine (BCP); ionic copper; antifoulant coating; Nafion 117 ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SEAWATER; SPECIATION; WATERS; KINETICS; PH AB A major source of ionic copper [Cu(I) and (II)] trace metal contamination in the marine environment is the copper containing antifoulant coatings on ship hulls. Tracing this contamination is difficult. Difficult because the ionic copper released from the coatings complexes rapidly with organic and inorganic ligands in the water column. This research examines the potential for using the organic dye 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bathocuproine=BCP) embedded in the ionomeric polymer, Nafion 117, as a membrane probe sensor for quickly measuring ionic copper in seawater. Results of this study show the Nafion 117 containing BCP measures Cu(I) within 17% of measurements made with the Standard Method bathocuproine di-sulfonic acid (BCS) procedure. To measure total ionic copper with the membrane probe, the reductant, hydroxylamine-hydrochloride, is added to the sample. The use of the polymer with Bathocuproine (BCP) allows for a rapid optical measurement. Optical measurements are possible in two ways, as a comparator and as a modification to a fiber optic probe. Response times for these devices depend on the size of the membrane used. Presently, the optical comparator using a 2 x 3 cm (6cm(2)) membrane takes 20 minutes to develop color. The fiber optic probe uses a 0.5cm diameter (0.2cm(2)) membrane that takes 1 minute. A comparator has no electronic parts and requires only a comparison of color depth to determine the level of ionic copper in the sample. This makes it useful for monitoring. The fiber optic probe is more suitable to bouy installation and long term monitoring where data logging and archiving are needed. Therefore, the Nafion 117 polymer impregnated with Bathocuproine (BCP) is a rapid method useful for detecting ionic copper released into the marine environment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lamontagne, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6116, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Shaffer, Ronald/I-2134-2012 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3449-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3856 BP 128 EP 139 DI 10.1117/12.371284 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP35F UT WOS:000084810700013 ER PT S AU Gardner, WP Callahan, JH Girard, JE Shaffer, RE AF Gardner, WP Callahan, JH Girard, JE Shaffer, RE BE Shaffer, RE Potyrailo, RA TI Multivariate mixture analysis using reduced mass resolution-membrane introduction mass spectrometry and variable selection SO INTERNAL STANDARDIZATION AND CALIBRATION ARCHITECTURES FOR CHEMICAL SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Internal Standardization and Calibration Architectures for Chemical Sensors CY SEP 20-22, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE, Air & Waste Management Assoc, Opt Sci Div DE membrane introduction mass spectrometry; mixture analysis; variable selection; partial-least squares; regression; low resolution ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; WAVELENGTH SELECTION; CALIBRATION; MINIATURE; ALGORITHM; LENS AB The feasibility of analyzing mixtures of spectrally similar analytes with low resolution mass spectrometers coupled with membrane introduction was studied. The performance of the multivariate calibration of an isomeric ethyl benzene and p-xylene mixture remained essentially unchanged as the mass resolution degraded. The calibration performance also improved slightly as the data used for calibration decreased from the full mass spectra to only 12 or 18 fragment ions judiciously chosen by variable selection. The multivariate calibration and prediction for a more complex mixture of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and p-xylene were more difficult as the resolution decreased. The results for benzene and toluene only degraded slightly as the resolution decreased, while the results for the two isomers ethyl benzene and p-xylene got progressively worse. Depending on the variable selection algorithm and the number of fragment ions used, using only a select few ions for multivariate calibration and prediction gave results that were either similar to or slightly worse than results using the entire mass spectra. This paper demonstrates that mixture analysis performed with membrane introduction coupled to future miniature, low resolution mass spectrometers is possible. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaffer, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Shaffer, Ronald/I-2134-2012 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3449-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3856 BP 181 EP 192 DI 10.1117/12.371289 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP35F UT WOS:000084810700018 ER PT S AU Hart, SJ Shaffer, RE Rose-Pehrsson, SL McDonald, JR AF Hart, SJ Shaffer, RE Rose-Pehrsson, SL McDonald, JR BE Shaffer, RE Potyrailo, RA TI Probabilistic neural networks for the discrimination of subsurface unexploded ordnance (UXO) in magnetometry surveys SO INTERNAL STANDARDIZATION AND CALIBRATION ARCHITECTURES FOR CHEMICAL SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Internal Standardization and Calibration Architectures for Chemical Sensors CY SEP 20-22, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE, Air & Waste Management Assoc, Opt Sci Div DE UXO; PNN; magnetometry; classification ID ARTIFICIAL VISION; SEEDS AB The outputs from a physics-based modeler of magnetometry data have been successfully used with a probabilistic neural network (PNN) to discriminate UXO from scrap. Model outputs from one location at a site were used to train a PNN model, which could correctly discriminate UXO from scrap at a different location of the same site. Data from one site location, the Badlands Bombing Range, Bull's Eye 2 (BBR 2), was used to predict targets detected at a different location at the site, Badlands Bombing Range, Bull's Eye I (BBR 1) containing different types of items. The UXO detection rate obtained for this analysis was 93% with a false alarm rate of only 28%. The possibility of discriminating individual UXO types within the context of a coarser two-class problem was demonstrated. The utility of weighting the sum of squared errors in cross-validation (CV) optimization of the sigma parameter has been demonstrated as a method of improving the classification of UXO versus scrap. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaffer, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6116, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Shaffer, Ronald/I-2134-2012 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3449-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3856 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1117/12.371292 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP35F UT WOS:000084810700020 ER PT B AU Smith, JF Rhyne, RD AF Smith, JF Rhyne, RD BE Arabnia, HR TI A resource mana,ger for distributed resources: Fuzzy decision trees and genetic optimization SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, VOL I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ICAI 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Eudc & Applicat Press, Comp Vis Res & Applicat Tech, Int Assoc Math & Comp Simulat, Int Technol Inst, Korea Info Proc Soc, Natl Super Comp Ctr Enery & Environm, Las Vegas, Dept Energy, Sundance Digital Signal Proc, Inc, World Sci & Engn Soc DE fuzzy logic; genetic algorithms; expert systems; fuzzy decision trees; distributed AI algorithms AB A fuzzy logic based resource manager (RM) that will allocate resources distributed across many platforms is under development. The platforms will consist of ships, aircraft, etc The resources will be various sensors: ESM, RADAR, IFF, and communications. The RM will allow codification of military expertise in a simple mathematical formalism known as the fuzzy decision tree. The fuzzy decision tree will form what is known as a fuzzy linguistic description, ie., a formal fuzzy if-then rule based representation of the system. Since the decision tree is fuzzy the uncertainty inherent in the root concepts propagates throughout the tree. The functional form of the fuzzy membership functions for the root concepts will be selected heuristically and will generally carry one or more free parameters. The free parameters in the root concepts will be determined by optimization both initially and later at non-critical times. A genetic algorithm will be used for optimization. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-18-1 PY 1999 BP 669 EP 675 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BN96N UT WOS:000083679100109 ER PT B AU Heitmeyer, C AF Heitmeyer, C BE Arabnia, HR TI Formal methods for developing software specifications: Paths to wider usage SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-V, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Comp Vis Res & Applicat Tech, Int Assoc Math & Comp Simulat, Int Technol Inst, Java High Performance Comp Res Grp, Korea Informat Processing Soc, US DOE, Natl Supercomp Ctr Energy & Environm Las Vegas, Sundance Digital Signal Processing Inc, World Sci & Engn Soc DE requirements; formal methods; formal specification; verification; SCR; testing AB Although many formal methods have been proposed for improving the quality of software specifications, a number of barriers to widespread use of these methods remain. This paper describes four of these barriers-failure to scale, unnatural interfaces, limited analysis capabilities, and insufficient tool integration-and suggests some promising approaches for overcoming them. These approaches include automated abstraction, user interfaces designed for ease of use, and the application of powerful decision procedures. To illustrate the barriers and approaches to overcoming them, several examples are presented based on the SGR (Software Cost Reduction) requirements method. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heitmeyer@itd.nrl.navy.mil RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-15-7 PY 1999 BP 1047 EP 1053 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BR81L UT WOS:000167653300155 ER PT B AU Joyce, G Lampe, M Manheimer, WM Slinker, SP Fernsler, RF AF Joyce, G Lampe, M Manheimer, WM Slinker, SP Fernsler, RF BE Pisarczyk, P Pisarczyk, T Wolowski, J TI Quasineutral simulation studies of ECR processing plasmas SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHENOMENA IN IONIZED GAS, VOL I, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Phenomena in Ionized Gases CY JUL 11-16, 1999 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Polish Govt, Stat Comm Sci Res, Polish Govt, Natl Atom Energy Agcy, Inst Plasma Phys & Laser, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, USAF, EOARD C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Joyce, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES, SPACE RESEARCH CENTRE PI WARSAW PA 18A BARTYCKA ST, PL-00716 WARSAW, POLAND PY 1999 BP 91 EP 92 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BR27N UT WOS:000165992000046 ER PT B AU Huba, JD Joyce, G AF Huba, JD Joyce, G BE Pisarczyk, P Pisarczyk, T Wolowski, J TI SAMI II: A low-latitude model of the ionosphere SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHENOMENA IN IONIZED GASES, VOL III, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Phenomena in Ionized Gases CY JUL 11-16, 1999 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Polish Govt, Stat Comm Sci Res, Polish Govt, Natl Atom Energy Agcy, Inst Plasma Phys & Laser, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, USAF, EOARD C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huba, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES, SPACE RESEARCH CENTRE PI WARSAW PA 18A BARTYCKA ST, PL-00716 WARSAW, POLAND PY 1999 BP 87 EP 88 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BR27Q UT WOS:000165992400044 ER PT J AU Ramamurti, R Lohner, R Sandberg, WC AF Ramamurti, R Lohner, R Sandberg, WC TI Computation of the 3-D unsteady flow past deforming geometries SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE deforming geometry; adaptive remeshing; incompressible flow; blue-fin tuna ID FISH AB A 3-D incompressible unsteady flow solver based on simple finite elements with adaptive remeshing and grid movement for both moving and deforming surfaces is described. We demonstrate the combination of adaptive remeshing techniques with the incompressible flow solver with the computation of flow past an eel in 2-D and a blue fin tuna in 3-D. The flow past a swimming tuna was computed for two extreme cases of the caudal fin frequency and swimming speed. A grid refinement study was performed and a grid converged solution for the force produced by the caudal fin was obtained. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Ramamurti, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 83 EP 99 DI 10.1080/10618569908940891 PG 17 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 272BT UT WOS:000084631200005 ER PT J AU Bazant, ZP Rajapakse, YDS AF Bazant, ZP Rajapakse, YDS TI Preface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Bazant, ZP (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Bazant, Zdenek/B-6743-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PY 1999 VL 95 IS 1-4 BP VII EP VIII PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 237VJ UT WOS:000082677000001 ER PT J AU MacMillan, J Tatum, BC Freeman, B Ropp, GA AF MacMillan, J Tatum, BC Freeman, B Ropp, GA TI An analysis of the performance and usability of a software user coach for Navy manpower planning SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION LA English DT Article ID MENTAL MODELS; MEMORY AB Advances in user interface design have made it possible to improve the effectiveness of complex software tools. This study explores the feasibility of improving user performance on a manpower-planning task by employing a user coach. A user coach is a software aid, often built directly into software applications, that assists the user at critical stages. The user coach developed for this project closely resembles the "wizards" that are commonly used in commercial software today. The user coach was applied to a software application known as SKIPPER a manpower modeling tool employed by the Department of the Navy to plan and manage the enlisted personnel. In addition to procedural assistance, the coach also provides a visual picture of the planning process based on a hydraulic metaphor (e.g., manpower planning as a series of holding tanks, faucets, pipes, valves, etc.). This article describes the user coach, and documents a formal evaluation of its effectiveness. The evaluation compared the use and understanding of SKIPPER (a) with the coach, (b) with the coach and the visual metaphor, and (c) without the coach or the metaphor. All users (experienced and inexperienced) were able to complete their planning task significantly faster using the coach than using SKIPPER unaided. Neither performance on the task, nor the user's understanding of manpower planning, was influenced by providing a visual picture (the hydraulic metaphor) of the process. It appears that users found the procedural (what to do) aids useful, but aids designed to help the user understand the purpose and dynamics (why do it) of the task were not effective. C1 USN, Ctr Personnel Res & Dev, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Tatum, BC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Personnel Res & Dev, Code 12,53335 Ryne Rd, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1044-7318 J9 INT J HUM-COMPUT INT JI Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Interact. PY 1999 VL 11 IS 1 BP 47 EP 69 DI 10.1207/s15327590ijhc1101_3 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 200GF UT WOS:000080530700003 ER PT J AU Armstrong, RW Jackson, KL Thurston, DL Fitz, JL Boudreaux, PJ Wu, CC AF Armstrong, RW Jackson, KL Thurston, DL Fitz, JL Boudreaux, PJ Wu, CC TI Cracking and fracturing behaviors of industrial diamond plates SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; FRASTA AB Ring cracking measurements have been made on millimeter thick industrial diamond plates by performing a reverse type of hardness test with a conventional steel ball indenter system. Cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements at the ring crack edges provided evidence of associated deformation. Follow-on fracture strength measurements were made by three-point bend testing of beams laser-cut from two materials to probe both microstructural influences and the effect of laser-drilled "via holes" (for electrical application). Expanded autographic records of the bend tests allowed estimation of elastic modulus values. The bend tests were modeled satisfactorily with an ANSYS finite element description. Fracture surface topography measurements made on the failed bend specimens of one material also provided indication of plastic deformation being associated with the diamond material cracking behavior. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Armstrong, RW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-4368 J9 INT J REFRACT MET H JI Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mat. PY 1999 VL 17 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/S0263-4368(98)00069-9 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 208LN UT WOS:000080992800002 ER PT B AU Zhang, XJ Tregoning, RL AF Zhang, XJ Tregoning, RL BE Asfahani, R Bodnar, R TI The effect of carbide banding structure on fracture toughness of heavy section A533B steel SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON STEEL FOR FABRICATED STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Steel for Fabricated Structures held during ASM International Materials Solutions Conference and Exhibition CY NOV 01-04, 1999 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP ASM Int, Tech Programming Board, Amer Iron & Steel Inst AB The effect of global carbide band variability on the toughness of heavy-section A533B steel plate has been quantified. Material was removed specifically from densely and lightly banded regions. Half of the material was evaluated in the as-received condition while the remainder was diffusion annealed in an attempt to homogenize the local carbide band density while retaining the global plate properties. Toughness testing was then performed to determine the cleavage initiation distribution for each unique material condition. Stereo-section fractography was utilized to relate the critical microstructural feature to the associated cleavage initiation toughness. The results of this study indicate that the lightly banded region in the as-received material exhibits higher toughness than the densely banded material. Diffusion annealing does significantly reduce this toughness discrepancy while retaining the global plate properties. Weibull statistics within the Master Curve framework provide an accurate description of cleavage initiation toughness in the diffusion annealed material, but the as-received material illustrates more scatter than is assumed by this approach. The SSF technique reveals a clear correlation between the cleavage initiation toughness and carbide banding in the as-received material. Higher toughness is associated with lower carbide density. However, cleavage initiation in the diffusion annealed material was not clearly related to carbide band density. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, W Bethesda, MD USA. RP Zhang, XJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, W Bethesda, MD USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-642-3 PY 1999 BP 75 EP 83 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Construction & Building Technology; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ94P UT WOS:000165072300009 ER PT S AU Ladner, R Shaw, K Abdelguerfi, M AF Ladner, R Shaw, K Abdelguerfi, M BE Vckovski, A Brassel, KE Schek, HJ TI 3D synthetic environment representation using the "Non-Manifold 3D Winged-Edge" data structure SO INTEROPERATING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Interoperating Geographic Information Systems (INTEROP 99) CY MAR 10-12, 1999 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP Inter Univ Partnership Earth Observ & Geoinformat Zurich, OpenGIS Consortium, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Org Geo Informat, Environm Syst Res Inst, Geotask, Hewlett Packard Co, Integraph Corp, Netcetera, SICAD Geomat, Smallworld Syst, C PLAN AB A Non-Manifold data structure for the modeling of 3D synthetic environments is proposed. The data structure uses a boundary representation (B-rep) method. B-rep models 3D objects by describing them in terms of their bounding entities and by topologically orienting them in a manner that enables the distinction between the object's interior and exterior. Consistent with B-rep, the representational scheme of the proposed data structure includes both topologic and geometric information. The topologic information encompasses the adjacencies involved in 3D manifold and non-manifold objects, and is described using a new, extended Winged-Edge data structure. This data structure is referred to as "Non-Manifold 3D Winged-Edge Topology". The time complexity of the newly introduced data structure is investigated. Additionally, the Non-Manifold 3D Winged-Edge Topology is being prototyped in a Web-Based virtual reality application. The prototype data consists of Military Operation in Urban Terrain (MOUT) data for Camp LeJeune, North Carolina. The application is expected to be ideal for training and simulation exercises as well as actual field operations requiring on-site assistance in urban areas. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Comp Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Ladner, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-65725-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1580 BP 305 EP 314 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BP34N UT WOS:000084758300024 ER PT B AU Breaux, N Chu, CHH AF Breaux, N Chu, CHH GP IS&T IS&T IS&T TI Filter designs for multiresolution halftoning SO IS&T'S NIP15: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP15) CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Agfa Gevaert NV, Appl Sci Fict Inc, AVECIA, Eastman Kodak Co, Hewlett Packard Co, Kodak Polychrome Graph, Konica, Lexmark Int Inc, Polaroid Corp, Tektronix Inc, Torrey Pines Res, TREK Inc, Trek Japan KK, Xeikon NV, Xerox Corp Res ID COLOR IMAGES AB Halftoning is used to create the illusion of new colors when only a limited number of colors is available for rendering. Many techniques for color halftoning are based on techniques taken from monochrome halftoning, but modified so that the algorithm is applied to each color component separately. These techniques work well if the palette is separable, but for the case of arbitrary palettes, only error diffusion has been widely used or studied, especially in the context of rendering true-color images on color indexed display systems. We present an alternative algorithm for color halftoning whether the color palette is arbitrary or image dependent. A systematic way of developing suitable filters for this multiresolution halftoning technique is described. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Breaux, N (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IMAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA BN 0-89208-222-4 PY 1999 BP 374 EP 377 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU56R UT WOS:000176370000097 ER PT B AU Justh, EW Kub, FJ AF Justh, EW Kub, FJ GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Analog CMOS high-frequency continuous wavelet transform circuit SO ISCAS '99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL 2: ANALOG AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 99) CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE AB A 16-channel analog CMOS high-frequency continuous wavelet transform circuit has been realized. The circuit performs a time-frequency decomposition of a high-frequency input signal. A 100MHz operating frequency, 45MHz bandwidth, and 40mW/channel power dissipation have been achieved using a .5 mu m CMOS process. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Justh, EW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6813,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5471-0 PY 1999 BP 188 EP 191 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN36K UT WOS:000081715200047 ER PT B AU Scholnik, D Coleman, JO AF Scholnik, D Coleman, JO GP IEEE IEEE TI Nonuniformly offset polyphase synthesis of a bandpass signal from complex-envelope samples SO ISCAS '99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL 3: ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 99) CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE AB In this paper we consider the synthesis of a bandpass signal from complex-envelope samples using a polyphase conversion structure based on periodically nonuniform output samples. This approach provides the flexibility to independently choose the sampling rate and carrier frequency, overcoming the restrictions of reconstruction from uniformly spaced output samples. Key to the design of such a system is a particular equivalent filter with a piecewise-constant impulse response that determines both the actual implementation filters and system performance. The transition times of this impulse response are found to be periodically nonuniform, leading to a characterization of the corresponding frequency response. An example design using a previously unavailable carrier frequency is presented which requires fewer filter taps than the alternative, a higher-rate uniform system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scholnik, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5472-9 PY 1999 BP 407 EP 410 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN36L UT WOS:000081715300102 ER PT B AU Parker, RE Tummala, M AF Parker, RE Tummala, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Modeling of layered video for low-bit-rate video conferencing applications SO ISCAS '99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL 4: IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING, MULTIMEDIA, AND COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 99) CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE ID ATM AB Heterogeneous wireless networks present several challenges for real-time video applications. Traditional video codecs are not particularly robust and perform poorly when faced with packet losses from congestion and bit errors within the channel. Combination of deterministic traffic smoothing and layered video coding techniques improves error resilience. Smoothing over single frame intervals improves statistical multiplexing gains. To mitigate a portion of the delay introduced by smoothing, we propose a predictive smoother using the RLS algorithm that reduces the delay due to encoding. Layered video coding transmits video in scalable layers of increasing quality. We present a simple hybrid wavelet/DCT layered coder along with an associated optimized layered video traffic model. The traffic model employs a simplified multistate Markov chain representing a non-uniformly quantized pseudo-histogram of observed bit-rates for each layer. The model captures the effect of deterministic smoothing and aids in evaluating scheduling algorithms as well as providing a simple call acceptance scheme. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Parker, RE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5472-9 PY 1999 BP 267 EP 270 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BN36M UT WOS:000081715400066 ER PT B AU Kang, GS Heide, DA AF Kang, GS Heide, DA GP IEEE IEEE TI Acoustic noise reduction for speech communication (Second-order gradient microphone) SO ISCAS '99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL 4: IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING, MULTIMEDIA, AND COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 99) CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE DE noise reduction; speech enhancement; second-order gradient microphone AB Ambient acoustic noise is a significant factor for degrading speech quality of the telephone, particularly, of a digital telephone operating at low data rates. In extremely noisy environments (e.g., flight deck, high-performance aircraft, tanks, helicopters, stock exchange floor, to mention a few), speech communication would be difficult without using some form of noise reduction at the front-end of the telephone. Over the years, therefore, various noise reduction techniques have been developed to improve voice communication in noisy environments. Previous noise reduction methods focused primarily on digital preprocessing of the corrupted speech signal after it has been induced by the microphone. In this paper, we present an alternative that reduces noise while it is being mixed with speech to become corrupted speech. The noise reduction technique is based on the microphone array that is greatly insensitive to far-field sounds (i.e., noise), while it provides a flat frequency response for near-field sounds (i.e., speech). The microphone array is small enough to be installed within a handset or headset. The prototype we fabricated has shown excellent performance. At an extremely noisy environment where one cannot hear an adjacent person talking, the microphone array discussed in this paper provided highly intelligible speech. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kang, GS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5472-9 PY 1999 BP 556 EP 559 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BN36M UT WOS:000081715400138 ER PT B AU Miller, KT Barrows, GL AF Miller, KT Barrows, GL GP IEEE IEEE TI Feature tracking linear optic flow sensor chip SO ISCAS '99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL 5: SYSTEMS, POWER ELECTRONICS, AND NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 99) CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE ID VLSI AB This paper presents a VLSI-friendly linear optic flow sensor capable of being implemented on a single chip. This sensor belongs to the "token method" class of optic flow sensors: motion is measured by tracing the movement of a "token" or a feature across the focal plane. Specially shaped photoreceptor circuits and simple analog circuitry implement an array of feature detectors on the focal plane chip. The determination of a feature's location in the focal plane is performed using a winner-take-all (WTA) circuit. Motion is detected by using compact logic circuitry to detect appropriate movements of the high WTA output. Speed measurement is performed by timing how long an edge stays at one location before moving to the next. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Barrows, GL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5720, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5471-0 PY 1999 BP 116 EP 119 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN36N UT WOS:000081715600029 ER PT B AU Sellami, L Newcomb, RW AF Sellami, L Newcomb, RW GP IEEE IEEE TI A MOSFET bridge fluid biosensor SO ISCAS '99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL 5: SYSTEMS, POWER ELECTRONICS, AND NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 99) CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE AB This paper presents a MOSFET based biosensor circuit for the monitoring of such things as creatinine in patients with renal failure. Its VLSI layout is presented for 1.2 mu or for 2.0 mu MOSIS CMOS processes. The proposed biosensor circuit is a capacitive gap sensor where the device consists of a bridge made of three standard PMOS devices connected either as resistors or capacitors and forming three arms of the bridge. The fourth arm is a similar PMOS transistor but with a gap between the channel and a raised poly layer in which a fluid, such as creatinine, or a gas, can be placed. PSpice simulations and Spice extractions from the layout are included to demonstrate the operation of the circuit. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sellami, L (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5471-0 PY 1999 BP 140 EP 143 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN36N UT WOS:000081715600035 ER PT B AU Pieper, RJ Michael, S AF Pieper, RJ Michael, S GP IEEE IEEE TI Circuit modeling to predict the performance of force-cooled cold plate structures SO ISCAS '99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL 6: CIRCUITS ANALYSIS, DESIGN METHODS, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 99) CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE AB The electronic circuit simulator PSpice can provide the means of obtaining numerical Iron analytic solutions to thermal heat flow problems which would otherwise be difficult or impossible to derive. Rules for relating: physical heat flow parameters: to equivalent distributed lossy transmission line parameters are derived. This method for numerical evaluation of the heat dissipating performance of complicated fin structures forming cold-stacks is validated by comparison with recently published analytic solutions for double stack cold plates. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pieper, RJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5472-9 PY 1999 BP 105 EP 108 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN36P UT WOS:000081715900027 ER PT B AU Menon, ESK Halladay, TR Fox, AG Mahapatra, R AF Menon, ESK Halladay, TR Fox, AG Mahapatra, R BE Koiwa, M Otsuka, K Miyazaki, T TI Phase transformations in Ti-44Al-11Nb SO JAPAN INSTITUTE OF METALS, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 12, (JIMIC-3), PTS 1 AND 2: SOLID - SOLID PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations (PTM 99) CY MAY 24-28, 1999 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Japan Inst Met, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Mat Sci Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Crystallog Soc Japan, Soc Polymer Sci, Japanese Assoc Crystal Growth, Japan Soc Heat Treatment, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Japan Welding Engn Soc, Min & Mat Proc Inst Japan, Japan Soc Corros Engn, Japan Soc Powder & Powder Met, Chinese Soc Met, Federat European Met Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat, Soc Francaise Phys, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde E V, Inst Nazl Fisica Mat, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Swedish Soc Mat Technol, Inst Mat, Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE phase transformation; Ti aluminides; directional solidification; microstructure ID TIAL/TI3AL LAMELLAR MICROSTRUCTURE; TIAL ALLOYS AB The microstructural evolution in chill-cast as well as directionally solidified Ti-44Al-11Nb alloy has been studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis. The microstructural distribution and formation sequences of various phases like ordered beta (B2), TiAl, Ti3Al and Al3Ti have been established. In this paper the results of the analytical TEM studies will be presented and the influence of elemental partitioning on the sequence of phase transformations will be related to the two processing techniques examined. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Menon, ESK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-401-3 PY 1999 BP 265 EP 268 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP88D UT WOS:000086479100058 ER PT B AU Spanos, G Kral, MV AF Spanos, G Kral, MV BE Koiwa, M Otsuka, K Miyazaki, T TI Three dimensional reconstruction and classification of ferrite precipitates SO JAPAN INSTITUTE OF METALS, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 12, (JIMIC-3), PTS 1 AND 2: SOLID - SOLID PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations (PTM 99) CY MAY 24-28, 1999 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Japan Inst Met, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Mat Sci Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Crystallog Soc Japan, Soc Polymer Sci, Japanese Assoc Crystal Growth, Japan Soc Heat Treatment, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Japan Welding Engn Soc, Min & Mat Proc Inst Japan, Japan Soc Corros Engn, Japan Soc Powder & Powder Met, Chinese Soc Met, Federat European Met Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat, Soc Francaise Phys, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde E V, Inst Nazl Fisica Mat, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Swedish Soc Mat Technol, Inst Mat, Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE three-dimensional reconstruction; Widmanstatten; ferrite; serial sectioning ID MORPHOLOGY AB The three-dimensional (3-D) nature of ferrite precipitates in an Fe-0.12%C-3.28%Ni alloy has been revealed by serial sectioning in conjunction with computer reconstruction and visualization. 3-D reconstructions of ferrite precipitates indicate that their morphologies and distributions can be quite different from what would be deduced by two-dimensional observations alone. These results are also compared to prior observations of the 3-D morphology of cementite precipitates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Spanos, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Code 6324, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kral, Milo/C-2904-2009 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-401-3 PY 1999 BP 1469 EP 1472 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP88D UT WOS:000086479100325 ER PT B AU Menon, ESK Saunders, M Walters, J Fox, AG Evans, GM AF Menon, ESK Saunders, M Walters, J Fox, AG Evans, GM BE Koiwa, M Otsuka, K Miyazaki, T TI An analytical transmission electron microscope study of inclusions in C-Mn steel weld metals SO JAPAN INSTITUTE OF METALS, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 12, (JIMIC-3), PTS 1 AND 2: SOLID - SOLID PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations (PTM 99) CY MAY 24-28, 1999 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Japan Inst Met, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Mat Sci Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Crystallog Soc Japan, Soc Polymer Sci, Japanese Assoc Crystal Growth, Japan Soc Heat Treatment, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Japan Welding Engn Soc, Min & Mat Proc Inst Japan, Japan Soc Corros Engn, Japan Soc Powder & Powder Met, Chinese Soc Met, Federat European Met Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat, Soc Francaise Phys, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde E V, Inst Nazl Fisica Mat, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Swedish Soc Mat Technol, Inst Mat, Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE steel; welding; inclusions; PEELS; EDS; ELNES AB A systematic study of the non-metallic inclusions in C-Mn steel weld metal deposited by shielded-metal-arc process was carried out by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and diffraction and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and parallel electron energy loss spectroscopies (PEELS). Extraction replicas were prepared from the final pass of each of the weld metals and the inclusions collected were examined. Various phases or phase mixtures containing TiO, Al2O3, TiN along with MnO and SiO2 were identified by EDS and PEELS. The oxidation state of Ti in various samples was unambiguously identified by examining the energy loss near-edge fine structure (ELNES) associated with the O-K and the Ti-L-2,L-3 edges. An attempt is made to rationalize the analytical chemistry results with the observed acicular ferrite content of the weld metals. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Menon, ESK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Saunders, Martin/B-3082-2011 OI Saunders, Martin/0000-0001-6873-7816 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-401-3 PY 1999 BP 1561 EP 1564 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP88D UT WOS:000086479100348 ER PT J AU Seve, L Jaouen, N Tonnerre, JM Raoux, D Arend, M Felsch, W Bartolome, F Rogalev, A Goulon, J Chakarian, V AF Seve, L Jaouen, N Tonnerre, JM Raoux, D Arend, M Felsch, W Bartolome, F Rogalev, A Goulon, J Chakarian, V TI 5d and 4f magnetic profiles in Ce/Fe multilayers probed by XRMS SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science (SRMS-2) CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 1998 CL KOBE, JAPAN SP Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst DE magnetic scattering; magnetic profile; multilayers ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; RAY; SCATTERING; CE AB The element and electronic shelf specificities of x-ray resonant magnetic scattering have been used to investigate the induced magnetization of the 5d and 4f electronic states of Ce in a [Ce(10 Angstrom)/Fe(30 Angstrom)] x 100 multilayer. We show that the measurement of the magnetic contribution to the intensities diffracted at low angles at the L-2 and M-4 edge of the rare-earth allows to investigate the profile of the 5d and 4f magnetic polarisation across the rare-earth layer. The Ce 5d polarization is found to be oscillating across the Ce layer with a slow decrease from the interfaces with Fe towards the center of the layer. Preliminary results on the Ce 4f polarisation indicate a constant profile. C1 CNRS, Cristallog Lab, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. Univ Grenoble 1, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 1, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Seve, L (reprint author), CNRS, Cristallog Lab, BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RI Bartolome, Fernando/K-1700-2014 OI Bartolome, Fernando/0000-0002-0047-1772 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PY 1999 VL 38 SU 1 BP 385 EP 388 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 240AT UT WOS:000082804000095 ER PT J AU Kelso, JM Jones, RT Yunginger, JW AF Kelso, JM Jones, RT Yunginger, JW TI Allergy to iguana. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 103 IS 1 SU S MA 92 BP S24 EP S24 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 165FC UT WOS:000078509000093 ER PT J AU Porch, W Borys, R Durkee, P Gasparovic, R Hooper, W Hindman, E Nielsen, K AF Porch, W Borys, R Durkee, P Gasparovic, R Hooper, W Hindman, E Nielsen, K TI Observations of ship tracks from ship-based platforms SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOUDS AB Ship-based measurements in June 1994 provided information about ship-track clouds and associated atmospheric environment observed from below cloud levels that provide a perspective different from satellite and aircraft measurements. Surface measurements of latent and sensible heat fluxes, sea surface temperatures, and meteorological profiles with free and tethered balloons provided necessary input conditions for models of ship track formation and maintenance. Remote sensing measurements showed a coupling of ship plume dynamics and entrainment into overlaying clouds. Morphological and dynamic effects were observed on clouds unique to the ship tracks. These morphological changes included lower cloud bases early in the ship-track formation, evidence of raised cloud bases in more mature tracks, sometimes higher cloud tops, thin cloud-free regions paralleling the tracks, and often stronger radar returns. The ship-based lidar aerosol measurements revealed that ship plumes often interacted with the overlying clouds in an intermittent rather than continuous manner. These observations imply that more must be learned about ship-track dynamics before simple relations between cloud condensation nuclei and cloud brightness can be developed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Porch, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, D-407, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wporch@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 38 IS 1 BP 69 EP 81 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0069:OOSTFS>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 157HC UT WOS:000078054700006 ER PT J AU Colla, EV Gupta, SM Viehland, D AF Colla, EV Gupta, SM Viehland, D TI Alternating current field effect on the freezing temperature of relaxor ferroelectrics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEAD MAGNESIUM NIOBATE; PB(MG1/3NB2/3)O-3-PBTIO3 CERAMICS; BEHAVIOR AB Alternating current-field effects on the freezing temperature of La-modified lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate crystalline solutions for compositions near to the morphotropic phase boundary have been studied by dielectric spectroscopy. Charge imbalance due to La substitution (0-10 at.%) in [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3](0.65)(PbTiO3)(0.35) was compensated by changing the B-site cation ratio. The frequency dispersion in the dielectric constant was found to increase with increasing La substitution. Relaxor-like dielectric characteristics were induced for La concentrations greater than 5 at.%. It was also found that the dielectric constant maximum (epsilon'(max)) increased and the temperature of epsilon'(max) decreased with increasing ac field. In addition, a threshold electric field was observed above which nonlinearities became evident in the dielectric response and the freezing temperature was reduced. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)05701-1]. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Transduct Res & Dev Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Colla, EV (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 13 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 85 IS 1 BP 362 EP 367 DI 10.1063/1.369456 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 148DM UT WOS:000077489200054 ER PT J AU Moriarty, DE Schultz, AC Grefenstette, JJ AF Moriarty, DE Schultz, AC Grefenstette, JJ TI Evolutionary algorithms for reinforcement learning SO JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB There are two distinct approaches to solving reinforcement learning problems, namely, searching in value function space and searching in policy space. Temporal difference methods and evolutionary algorithms are well-known examples of these approaches. Kaelbling, Littman and Moore recently provided an informative survey of temporal difference methods. This article focuses on the application of evolutionary algorithms to the reinforcement learning problem, emphasizing alternative policy representations, credit assignment methods, and problem-specific genetic operators. Strengths and weaknesses of the evolutionary approach to reinforcement learning are presented, along with a survey of representative applications. C1 Univ So Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. USN, Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Biosci Bioinformat & Biotechnol, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Moriarty, DE (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Inst Informat Sci, 4676 Admiralty Way, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. NR 62 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 5 PU AI ACCESS FOUNDATION PI MARINA DEL REY PA USC INFORMATION SCIENCES INST, 4676 ADMIRALITY WAY, MARINA DEL REY, CA 90292-6695 USA SN 1076-9757 J9 J ARTIF INTELL RES JI J. Artif. Intell. Res. PY 1999 VL 11 BP 241 EP 276 PG 36 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 237UA UT WOS:000082673400002 ER PT J AU McKeown, W Leighton, R AF McKeown, W Leighton, R TI Mapping heat flux SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS AB An infrared camera technique designed for remote sensing of air-water heat flux has been developed. The technique uses the differential absorption of water between 3.817 and 4.514 microns. This difference causes each channel's radiance to originate over a different range of depths inside the air-water interface temperature gradient. Since this gradient varies only with total heat flux, the radiance difference between channels caused by the gradient also varies with heat flux. Laboratory experiments showed that this radiance difference correlates well with heat flux measured independently with calorimetry. A regression relation between camera output and heat flux is determined initially using time variations of the radiance difference and heat Aux, This relation is modified by a partial differential analysis of the relative contributions of temperature and heat Aux using data from experiments designed for this evaluation. The result is applied to the spatial variations of radiance difference in a single image pair. Error is controlled in this sensitive measurement with narrowband filters, a low-noise infrared camera, and frame averaging. averaging ail image pixels reduces modeled and measured error to rmse Q congruent to 3.1 W m(-2). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Remote Sensing Applicat,Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McKeown, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Remote Sensing Applicat,Stennis Space Ctr, Code 7340, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 16 IS 1 BP 80 EP 91 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<0080:MHF>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160YU UT WOS:000078261600007 ER PT J AU Trizna, DB Tang, S Wu, J AF Trizna, DB Tang, S Wu, J TI On extreme spatial variations of surface slope for a spilling breaking water wave SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRA AB The steep and complex crest structure of a spilling breaking wave was studied in the laboratory by repeated slope measurements at a fixed observation point of a sequence of virtually identical breaking waves. These waves were generated using a repeatable converging wave packet with maximum frequency of 1 Hz. A fixed laser beam was directed vertically downward from the air into the water, and the location of the refracted beam was measured with a photodiode array to provide the water surface slope as the wave passed the laser beam. A maximum slope of 74 degrees was consistently measured just forward of the breaking wave crest with the crest region itself showing less repeatability, which was probably due to parasitic capillary waves. Before reaching its maximum, the slope reveals a two-stage spatial variation. A moderate rate of increase was first observed between 0 degrees and 44 degrees, then the wave slope increased sharply to 74 degrees; the horizontal translation of the crest cor responding to the interval for the slope change from 44 degrees to the observed maximum of 74 degrees was about 4.2 cm. The decrease of surface slope from the maximum to 0 degrees at the crest was subsequently observed over a 3.6-cm translation. The slope variation reported here refines the macroprofile of a spilling breaker suggested by other investigators. Were the laser beam used to illuminate from below, internal reflection would occur for slopes greater than 51.5 degrees, thus eliminating refraction and preventing steeper slopes from being measured. C1 Univ Delaware, Air Sea Interact Lab, Grad Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tang, S (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Air Sea Interact Lab, Grad Coll Marine Studies, Hugh R Sharp Campus, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. EM stang@udel.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 16 IS 1 BP 92 EP 95 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<0092:OESVOS>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160YU UT WOS:000078261600008 ER PT J AU Lean, J Rind, D AF Lean, J Rind, D TI Evaluating sun-climate relationships since the Little Ice Age SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Quadrennual SCOSTEP Symposium on Solar-Terrestrial Physics CY AUG, 1997 CL UPPSALA, SWEDEN ID TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE; GLOBAL CLIMATE; MAUNDER MINIMUM; TIME-SERIES; VARIABILITY; CYCLE; SOLAR-CYCLE-22; CIRCULATION; TEMPERATURE; HOLOCENE AB From the coldest period of the Little Ice Age to the present time, the surface temperature of the Earth increased by perhaps 0.8 degrees C. Solar variability may account for part of this warming which, during the past 350 years, generally tracks fluctuating solar activity levels. While increases in greenhouse gas concentrations art: widely assumed to be the primary cause of recent climate change, surface temperatures nevertheless varied significantly during pre-industrial periods, under minimal levels of greenhouse gas variations. A climate forcing of 0.3 W m(-2) arising from a speculated 0.13% solar irradiance increase can account for the 0.3 degrees C surface warming evident in the paleoclimate record from 1650 to 1790, assuming that climate sensitivity is 1 degrees C W-1 m(-2) (which is within the IPCC range). The empirical Sun-climate relationship defined by these pre-industrial data suggests that solar variability may have contributed 0.25 degrees C of the 0.6 degrees C subsequent warming from 1900 to 1990, a scenario which time dependent GCM simulations replicate when forced with reconstructed solar irradiance. Thus, while solar Variability likely played a dominant role in modulating climate during the Little Ice Age prior to 1850, its influence since 1900 has become an increasingly less significant component of climate change in the industrial epoch. It is unlikely that Sun-climate relationships can account for much of the warming since 1970, not withstanding recent attempts to deduce long term solar irradiance fluctuations from the observational data base, which has notable occurrences of instrumental drifts. Empirical evidence suggests that Sun-climate relationships exist on decadal as well as centennial time scales, but present sensitivities of the climate system are insufficient to explain these short-term relationships. Still to be simulated over the time scale of the Little Ice Age to the present is the combined effect of direct radiative forcing, indirect forcing via solar-induced ozone changes in the atmosphere, and speculated charged particle mechanisms whose pathways and sensitivities are not yet specified. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10025 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Lean, J (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 63 TC 67 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(98)00113-8 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 180HQ UT WOS:000079380400004 ER PT J AU Aurian-Blajeni, B Sam, J Sisak, M AF Aurian-Blajeni, B Sam, J Sisak, M TI Sweet chemistry SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article C1 USN, Educ & Training Ctr, Dept Sci, BOOST, Newport, RI 02841 USA. USN Acad, Preparatory Sch, Dept Sci, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Aurian-Blajeni, B (reprint author), USN, Educ & Training Ctr, Dept Sci, BOOST, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP 91 EP 92 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 147YT UT WOS:000077525900041 ER PT J AU Chambers, ME McDonald, BR Hall, FW Rabetoy, GM AF Chambers, ME McDonald, BR Hall, FW Rabetoy, GM TI Plasmapheresis for crescentic IgA nephropathy: A report of two cases and review of the literature SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL APHERESIS LA English DT Article DE glomerulonephritis; IgA disease; plasmapheresis ID MESANGIAL NEPHROPATHY; PLASMA-EXCHANGE; DISEASE AB Idiopathic IgA nephropathy is widely regarded as a slowly progressive disease that not infrequently results in end-stage renal failure. Only a minority of patients present with either a rapidly progressive form of glomerulonephritis, or with end-stage renal failure. Anecdotal reports of improved renal function after treatment with plasmapheresis have been published, but the efficacy of this therapy remains controversial. We describe the course of two young males presenting with uremia, hypertension, nephrotic-range proteinuria, and crescentic glomerulonephritis on renal biopsy. Both patients underwent therapy with steroids, immunosuppressive agents, and plasmapheresis without an appreciable improvement in renal function. A review of the literature does not offer any conclusive data to support the role of pIasmapheresis in the treatment of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis due to IgA nephropathy and points out the need to define criteria that may identify subsets of patients with this disorder who may potentially benefit from plasma exchange therapy. J. Clin. Apheresis 14:185-187, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Nephrol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Clin Res, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Internal Med, Div Nephrol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Rabetoy, GM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Med Editing Div, Dept Clin Res, Code AVA,38400 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0733-2459 J9 J CLIN APHERESIS JI J. Clin. Apheresis PY 1999 VL 14 IS 4 BP 185 EP 187 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1101(1999)14:4<185::AID-JCA6>3.0.CO;2-K PG 3 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 270LE UT WOS:000084536400006 PM 10611629 ER PT J AU Das, AK Incheck, GA Marto, PJ AF Das, AK Incheck, GA Marto, PJ TI The effect of fin height during steam condensation on a horizontal stainless steel integral-fin tube SO JOURNAL OF ENHANCED HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE steam condensation; integral fin; stainless steel; horizontal tube ID HEAT-TRANSFER AB Film-condensation heal transfer on horizontal stainless steel integral-fin tubes was experimentally studied to examine the effect of fin height. Experiments were conducted at both atmospheric and vacuum conditions on eight stainless steel tubes with rectangular fins of nominal heights ranging from 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm. The fin spacing and fin thickness were kept constant at 1.5 mm and 1 mm respectively for all the tubes. The tubes had a nominal inside diameter of 13.11 mm and a nominal root diameter of 14.25 mm. The experimental results show that condensation heat transfer is affected considerably by surface-tension effects and low thermal conductivity of the stainless steel tubes. For the tube geometry tested, the results show an optimum fin height around 0.3 mm, with a corresponding heat transfer enhancement of 1.4 and 1.6 respectively for vacuum and atmospheric conditions. A comparison with theoretical models shows that the model of Honda et al. (1987) predicts the data most closely, though all the models fail to predict the optimum fin height. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Das, AK (reprint author), Appl Mat Inc, Metal Deposit Prod, 3050 Bowers Ave,M-S 2402, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1065-5131 J9 J ENHANC HEAT TRANSF JI J. Enhanc. Heat Transf. PY 1999 VL 6 IS 2-4 BP 237 EP 250 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 205WM UT WOS:000080843600012 ER PT J AU Walls, CL Beal, EJ Mushrush, GW AF Walls, CL Beal, EJ Mushrush, GW TI Nitrogen compound distribution in a heating oil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE middle distillate; heating oil; fuel spills; organo-nitrogen compounds; GC/MS analysis; tar-sands fuels ID COAL-TAR PRODUCTS AB A Number 1 fuel heating oil was studied for the organo-nitrogen content. The organo-nitrogen compounds were isolated by mild acid extraction followed by silica gel adsorption. Three extracts were studied - a basic nitrogen extract in methylene chloride, a nonbasic nitrogen extract in methyl alcohol and a nonbasic nitrogen extract in methylene chloride. The major constituents of each extract were identified by GC/MS. There were seven major classes of nitrogen compounds detected in each extract. These compounds included alkyl-substituted carbazoles, indoles, pyrazines, pyridines, pyrroles, quinolines and tetrahydroquinolines. The nitrogen content and distribution was compared to both tar-sands acid shale derived fuels. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Novigen Sci Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walls, CL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 1999 VL 34 IS 1 BP 31 EP 51 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 165XU UT WOS:000078547800002 ER PT J AU Einaudi, G Boncinelli, P Dahlburg, RB Karpen, JT AF Einaudi, G Boncinelli, P Dahlburg, RB Karpen, JT TI Formation of the slow solar wind in a coronal streamer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEET; RESISTIVE INSTABILITIES; FLOWING PLASMA; ALFVEN WAVES; TEARING MODE; SHEAR-FLOW; TRANSITION; TURBULENCE; EVOLUTION; VISCOSITY AB We have investigated a magnetohydrodynamic mechanism that accounts for several fundamental properties of the slow solar wind, in particular its variability, latitudinal extent, and bulk acceleration. In view of the well-established association between the streamer belt and the slow wind, our model begins with a simplified representation of a streamer beyond the underlying coronal helmet: a neutral sheet embedded in a plane fluid wake. This wake-neutral sheet configuration is characterized by two parameters that vary with distance from the Sun: the ratio of the cross-stream velocity scale to the neutral sheet width, and the ratio of the typical Alfven velocity to the typical flow speed far from the neutral sheet. Depending on the values of these parameters, our linear theory predicts that three kinds of instability can develop when this system is perturbed: a tearing instability and two ideal fluid instabilities with different cross-stream symmetries (varicose and sinuous). In the innermost, magnetically dominated region beyond the helmet cusp; we find that the streamer is resistively and ideally unstable, evolving from tearing-type reconnection in the linear regime to a nonlinear varicose fluid instability. Traveling magnetic islands are formed which are similar to features recently revealed by the large-angle spectroscopic coronagraph on the joint European Space Agency/NASA Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) [Brueckner et al., 1995]. During this process, the center of the wake is accelerated and broadened slightly. Past the Alfven point, where the kinetic energy exceeds the magnetic energy, the tearing mode is suppressed, but an ideal sinuous fluid mode can develop, producing additional acceleration up to typical slow wind speeds and substantial broadening of the wake. Farther from the Sun, the system becomes highly turbulent as a result of the development of ideal secondary instabilities, thus halting the acceleration and producing strong filamentation throughout the core of the wake. We discuss the implications of this model for the origin and evolution of the slow solar wind, and compare the predicted properties with current observations from SOHO. C1 Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, INFM, Sez A, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Energet Sergio Stecco, I-50100 Florence, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Berkeley Res Associates, Springfield, VA USA. RP Einaudi, G (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. EM einaudi@difi.unipi.it; boncinel@sergio.de.unifi.it; rdahlbur@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; judy.karpen@nrl.navy.mil RI Karpen, Judith/E-1484-2012; Boncinelli, Paolo/C-2192-2013 NR 43 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A1 BP 521 EP 534 DI 10.1029/98JA02394 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 158LB UT WOS:000078116000040 ER PT J AU Gilbreath, GC Schumacher, PW Davis, MA Lydick, ED Anderson, JM AF Gilbreath, GC Schumacher, PW Davis, MA Lydick, ED Anderson, JM TI Evaluation of the Naval Space surveillance fence performance using satellite laser ranging SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB An experiment is described in which the performance of the Naval Space Command Fence Receiver Suite is evaluated using satellite laser ranging. Fence measurement accuracy and precision is presently assessed based on cataloged orbits, which are not sufficiently accurate for rigorous calibration and trend identification. Satellite laser ranging is a well-known high-precision data type, which can provide submeter reference positions routinely. Two methods of sensor evaluation are investigated. One is an ephemeris-based approach, where a truth reference orbit is determined from laser ranging data from a number of different satellites at different altitudes. Fence-based residuals are then computed from this truth, The second is a geometric method, which computes satellite positions directly using ranging data and angle data from the telescope. A mathematical treatment of the geometric dilution of precision for both methods is included in the discussion, The overall experiment showed that the fence sensor suite is operating to within 14-17 times its noise floor of 10 mu rad at zenith, We believe that this is the most extensive measurement of the fence performance utilizing an external and independent data type, and due to the precision of the data type, its overall response and error trends are identified. C1 USN, Res Lab, Electroopt Technol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Space Command, Informat Syst Div, Anal & Software Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Allied Signal Aerosp Co, Earth Sci & Laser Technol, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USN, Space Command, Informat Syst Div, Anal & Software Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Starfire Opt Range, LIG, Albuquerque, NM 87177 USA. RP Gilbreath, GC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Electroopt Technol Sect, Code 8123, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 22 IS 1 BP 149 EP 155 DI 10.2514/2.4361 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 157WB UT WOS:000078083700017 ER PT J AU Savarino, SJ Hall, ER Bassily, S Brown, FM Youssef, F Wierzba, TF Peruski, L El-Masry, NA Safwat, M Rao, M El Mohamady, H Abu-Elyazeed, R Naficy, A Svennerholm, AM Jertborn, M Lee, YJ Clemens, JD AF Savarino, SJ Hall, ER Bassily, S Brown, FM Youssef, F Wierzba, TF Peruski, L El-Masry, NA Safwat, M Rao, M El Mohamady, H Abu-Elyazeed, R Naficy, A Svennerholm, AM Jertborn, M Lee, YJ Clemens, JD CA PRIDE Study Grp TI Oral, inactivated, whole cell enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli plus cholera toxin B subunit vaccine: Results of the initial evaluation in children SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 97th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 02-08, 1997 CL MIAMI, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID ANTIBODY-SECRETING CELLS; COLONIZATION FACTOR; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ANTIGEN-II; DIARRHEA; IMMUNOGENICITY; ROTAVIRUS; IMMUNIZATION; RESPONSES AB Two randomized, double-blinded trials assessed the safety and immunogenicity of an oral, killed enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) plus cholera toxin B subunit vaccine in Egyptian children. Two doses of vaccine or E. coli K-12 were given 2 weeks apart to 105 6- to 12-year-olds and 97 2- to 5-year-olds. Safety was monitored for 3 days after each dose. Blood was collected before immunization and 7 days after each dose to measure immune responses. Few children reported postdosing symptoms, with no differences in the frequency of symptoms between treatment groups. Most vaccinees had an IgA antibody-secreting cell response against colonization factor antigen I(100%, 6-12 years; 95%, 2-5 years), coli surface antigen 2 (92%, 6-12 years; 83%, 2-5 years), and coli surface antigen 4 (93%, 6-12 years). Vaccination evoked a greater than or equal to 4-fold rise in antitoxic IgA and IgG titers in 93% and 81% of children, respectively, In conclusion, the oral ETEC vaccine was safe and immunogenic in 2- to 12-year-old children, justifying further evaluation in infants. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Egyptian Minist Hlth, Benha, Egypt. Qalyubia Governorate, Governorate, Egypt. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Gothenburg Univ, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, S-41124 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Savarino, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Publicat Off, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-0026-01] NR 38 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 179 IS 1 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1086/314543 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 151MW UT WOS:000077725000015 PM 9841829 ER PT J AU Mathews, WB Kinter, CM Palma, J Daniels, RV Ravert, HT Dannals, RF Lever, JR AF Mathews, WB Kinter, CM Palma, J Daniels, RV Ravert, HT Dannals, RF Lever, JR TI Synthesis of N1 '-([F-18]fluoroethyl)naltrindole ([F-18]FEtNTI): A radioligand for positron emission tomographic studies of delta opioid receptors SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE naltrindole; fluorine-18; delta opioid receptor; positron emission tomography ID NALTRINDOLE; N1'-(METHYL)NALTRINDOLE; BRAIN AB N1'-([F-18]fluoroethyl)naltrindole ([F-18]FEtNTI), a novel analog of the delta opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole (NTI), has been prepared for evaluation as a radioligand for use in positron emission tomography. The precursor for radiolabeling was obtained in four steps from naltrexone hydrochloride with an overall yield of 47%. Nucleophilic displacement of a tosylate leaving group by [F-18]fluoride, followed by hydrogenolysis (H-2, 10% Pd/C) of a benzyl protecting group on the phenolic moiety, gave [F-18]FEtNTI. The average (n = 5) time for radiosynthesis, HPLC purification, and formulation was 77 min from end of bombardment. [F-18]FEtNTI of high radiochemical purity was obtained with an average specific activity of 846 mCi/mu mol at end of synthesis, and an average radiochemical yield of 10% (not corrected for decay). C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lever, JR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Radiol, Room 2001,615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1344(199901)42:1<43::AID-JLCR165>3.0.CO;2-2 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 158QP UT WOS:000078127600008 ER PT J AU Von Gonten, AS Kelly, JR Antonucci, JM AF Von Gonten, AS Kelly, JR Antonucci, JM TI Load-bearing behavior of a simulated craniofacial structure fabricated from a hydroxyapatite cement and bioresorbable fiber-mesh SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VICRYL POLYGLACTIN-910 MESH; DURAL SUBSTITUTE; CRANIOPLASTY AB Calcium phosphate cements (CPC) have proven successful in the repair of small, non-stress bearing skeletal defects. These cements do not have sufficient tensile strength or fracture toughness to allow their use in stress-bearing applications. It was hypothesized that a bioresorbable fiber mesh would improve the load-bearing behavior of shell structures fabricated of CPC. This study used a biaxial flexure fixture to compare the work-to-fracture values of discs made of: (1) CPC; (2) CPC reinforced with a bioresorbable two-dimensionally oriented poly(glactin) fiber-mesh; and (3) poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) that were immersed in a serum-like solution for 0-28 days. CPC-mesh and PMMA discs were indistinguishable at 0, 1 and 7 days, based on work-to-fracture data. CPC and CPC-mesh discs were indistinguishable at day 28, because of fiber hydrolysis. The knitted fiber-mesh was effective in improving load-bearing behavior of a calcium phosphate cement for potential structural repair of bone defects. (C) 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dent & Med Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Dept Prosthodont, Sch Dent, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Von Gonten, AS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dent & Med Mat Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8545, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4530 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER M JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Med. PY 1999 VL 11 IS 2 BP 95 EP 100 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 271ND UT WOS:000084599600005 ER PT J AU Brook, I Frazier, EH AF Brook, I Frazier, EH TI Aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of axillary hidradenitis suppurativa SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTEROIDES; ABSCESSES; BACTERIA; GROWTH AB A retrospective review of the microbiological and clinical data of 17 specimens obtained from axillary hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) over a period of 6 years was undertaken to study the aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of this condition, A total of 42 bacterial isolates (2.5 per specimen) were obtained, 12 aerobic or facultative (0.7 per specimen) and 30 anaerobic or micro-aerophilic (1.8 per specimen). Aerobic and facultative bacteria only were isolated in six (35%) cases, anaerobic bacteria only in seven (41%) and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in four (24%), The predominant aerobic bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (six isolates), Streptococcus pyogenes (three) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (two), The most frequently isolated anaerobes were Peptostreptococcus spp, (10), Prevotella spp, (seven), micro-aerophilic streptococci (four), Fusobacterium spp, (three) and Bacteroides spp, sensu stricto (three), This study highlights the polymicrobial nature and predominance of anaerobic bacteria in axillary HS and the need for antimicrobial thereby to reflect this. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Brook, I (reprint author), POB 70412, Chevy Chase, MD 20889 USA. NR 18 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 48 IS 1 BP 103 EP 105 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 177WZ UT WOS:000079235200016 PM 9920133 ER PT J AU Huang, LL Massa, L Karle, J AF Huang, LL Massa, L Karle, J TI Quantum crystallography SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Organic Crystal Chemistry CY AUG 17-21, 1997 CL POZNAN RYDZYNA, POLAND DE quantum mechanics; maleic anhydride; cubanes; nitro-substituted; electron density AB Quantum Crystallography (QCr) concerns the combining of crystallographic data with quantum-mechanical techniques in such a way that it should be possible to obtain information of enhanced value. The enhancement could be increased accuracy or information more readily obtained, or both. Our approach to quantum crystallography makes use of molecular orbitals and a single density matrix (projector matrix) formalism to form a quantum-mechanical model that includes information from a crystal structure analysis. Some experiences involving data for crystalline maleic anhydride and also various substituted cubanes are described. A method is also discussed for performing ab initio quantum mechanics on large structures for which the calculation time is essentially a linear function of the complexity. This method is based on a property of overlap integrals that permits the ab initio calculations to be performed on fragments of the structure. The fragment calculations are combined to form an accurate density matrix for the entire structure. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. RP Karle, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 474 SI SI BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S0022-2860(98)00555-9 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 164PG UT WOS:000078472300003 ER PT J AU Karle, IL AF Karle, IL TI Hydrogen bonds in molecular assemblies of natural, synthetic and 'designer' peptides SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Organic Crystal Chemistry CY AUG 17-21, 1997 CL POZNAN RYDZYNA, POLAND DE long hydrogen bonds; distorted hydrogen bonds; missing hydrogen bonds; NH center dot center dot center dot pi bonds; OH center dot center dot center dot pi bonds ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; AMINO-ACIDS; PROTEINS; FAMILY; HELICES AB The initial folding of the backbone of peptides and the subsequent arrangement of the molecules into a supramolecular assembly is primarily associated with NH ... O=C hydrogen bonds where the N ... O distance is 2.8-3.0 Angstrom and to a lesser extent with water molecules that act as donors and accepters for hydrogen bonds, both within a peptide molecule and between peptide molecules. In helical peptides, the transition between 3(10)-helices (with 10 atoms in a hydrogen-bond ring) and alpha-helices (with 13 atoms in a hydrogen bond ring) merely requires a shift from one C=O to an adjacent C=O and is often quite facile. Among examples to be presented are two crystal structures of a heptapeptide wherein the helices are the 3(10)-type when the amino end group is Boc and the alpha-type when the amino end is Ac. A new type of regular helix was synthesized and characterized by x-ray diffraction analysis using beta-amino acid residues, rather than alpha-amino acid residues. The new helix was named beta-foldamer and it is characterized by 14-atom hydrogen-bond rings rather than the 13-atom rings present in alpha-helices. An NH group will not always form a hydrogen bond with any C=O (or H2O) that is present in a crystal. Examples are shown in which the N ... O distance is > 3.30 Angstrom and also examples of structures in which there is no O acceptor or any other kind of acceptor within possible reach of an available NH. Assemblies with 'free' NH groups are presented in which there is no possibility for a 'cooperative hydrogen bond' between NH and the center of a phenyl group, although other structures with a close NH phenyl approach will be discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 474 SI SI BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0022-2860(98)00564-X PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 164PG UT WOS:000078472300012 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Duan, H Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Duan, H Sun, FR Wu, C TI Performance of combined-cycle chemical engines with mass leak SO JOURNAL OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID FINITE-TIME THERMODYNAMICS; MAXIMUM POWER; HEAT ENGINES; MODEL AB The performance of an isothermal combined-cycle chemical engine with mass leak is analyzed in this paper. The relation between optimal power output and efficiency, the maximum power output and the corresponding efficiency, as well as the maximum efficiency and the corresponding power output are derived. C1 Naval Acad Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Acad Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0340-0204 J9 J NON-EQUIL THERMODY JI J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn. PY 1999 VL 24 IS 3 BP 280 EP 290 DI 10.1515/JNETDY.1999.017 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 272YY UT WOS:000084680100006 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Wu, C Sun, FR AF Chen, LG Wu, C Sun, FR TI Finite time thermodynamic optimization or entropy generation minimization of energy systems SO JOURNAL OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Review ID MAXIMUM POWER-DENSITY; HEAT-TRANSFER LAW; COMBINED REFRIGERATION CYCLE; INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; REGENERATIVE GAS-TURBINE; GENERALIZED CARNOT CYCLE; JACOBI-BELLMAN THEORY; PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS; WORKING FLUID; OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE AB The historical background, research development, and the state-of-the-art of finite time thermodynamic theory and applications are reviewed from the point of view of both physics and engineering. The emphasis is on the performance optimization of thermodynamic processes and devices with finite-time and/or finite-size constraints, including heat engines, refrigerators, heat pumps, chemical reactions and some other processes, with respect to the following aspects: the study of Newton's law systems, an analysis of the effect of heat resistance and other irreversible loss models on the performance, an analysis of the effect of heat reservoir models on the performance, as well as the application for real thermodynamic processes and devices. It is pointed out that the generalized thermodynamic optimization theory is the development direction of finite thermodynamics in the future. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Acad Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 404 TC 435 Z9 562 U1 6 U2 75 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0340-0204 J9 J NON-EQUIL THERMODY JI J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn. PY 1999 VL 24 IS 4 BP 327 EP 359 DI 10.1515/JNETDY.1999.020 PG 33 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 298JP UT WOS:000086135800003 ER PT J AU Sanchez, AA Rathjen, KE Mubarak, TJ AF Sanchez, AA Rathjen, KE Mubarak, TJ TI Subtalar staple arthroereisis for planovalgus foot deformity in children with neuromuscular disease SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS LA English DT Article DE arthroereisis; neuromuscular; planovalgus; subtalar ID INTERNAL-FIXATION; TRIPLE ARTHRODESIS; VALGUS HINDFOOT; CEREBRAL-PALSY; OSTEOTOMY; GRAFT AB Twenty-two patients (34 feet) with severe, flexible, planovalgus feet due to neuromuscular conditions were treated with subtalar staple arthroereisis. Patients were followed up for an average of 5 years (range, 2.5-9 years). Of the 34 feet, 18 did not require revision surgery; however, the remaining 16 feet required revision at an average of 39 months after surgery (range, 9-63 months). Revision procedures consisted of hardware removal in four cases, repeated subtalar stapling in one, triple arthrodesis in two, and calcaneal with or without cuboid and cuneiform osteotomy in nine feet. The long-term results of subtalar staple arthroereisis were unpredictable, and although it was effective in approximately half of our patients, we no longer recommend this procedure for the correction of the neuromuscular planovalgus foot deformity. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Mubarak, TJ (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Orthoped, 3030 Childrens Way,Suite 410, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-6798 J9 J PEDIATR ORTHOPED JI J. Pediatr. Orthop. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Pediatrics SC Orthopedics; Pediatrics GA 193BB UT WOS:000080114500008 PM 9890283 ER PT J AU Li, CP Kailasanath, K AF Li, CP Kailasanath, K TI Initiation mechanism of thermally choked combustion in ram accelerators SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID OBLIQUE C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, CP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1 BP 151 EP 153 DI 10.2514/2.5404 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 159EU UT WOS:000078159500020 ER PT J AU Patten, CA Martin, JE Hofstetter, CR Brown, SA Kim, N Williams, C AF Patten, CA Martin, JE Hofstetter, CR Brown, SA Kim, N Williams, C TI Smoking cessation following treatment in a smoke-free navy alcohol rehabilitation program SO JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Behavioral-Medicine CY MAR 13-16, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Soc Behav Med DE smoke-free policy; smoking; smoking cessation; alcohol dependence; alcohol treatment ID RECOVERING ALCOHOLICS; NICOTINE DEPENDENCE; MEDICAL-CENTER; TOBACCO USE; ADDICTIONS; VETERANS; IMPACT; POLICY; UNIT AB The purpose of this study was to examine changes in smoking behavior and attitudes following treatment in the smoke-free Navy Alcohol Rehabilitation program (NARC) and to evaluate changes in staff attitudes toward the smoke-free policy. Consecutive patients (N = 404; 93.8% male) admitted to the NARC between February 1, 1993 and September 30, 1993 were studied, of whom 54.7% were current smokers. Measures included patient surveys administered repeatedly at admission and discharge and at 12 months following the I-week treatment program. The staff were also administered a survey 2 months before (N = 86) and 6 months after (N = 104) policy implementation. Results indicate that alcohol treatment in a smoke-free environment did not markedly affect the smoking status of patients; the proportion of current smokers at discharge was 54.7%. Significant reductions in cigarettes smoked per day (p < .001) were observed among patients from admission to discharge. However, no statistically significant change in readiness to consider smoking cessation scores Mas detected. Results indicated no significant change in patient smoking status at 12-month follow-up, although the survey response I-ate was low (35.1%; N = 142). Sir months following implementation of the smoke-free policy, 84.6% of staff indicated that the NARC should remain smoke-free and 84.6% recommended that other alcohol and drug treatment facilities be smoke-free. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Mayo Clin, Nicotine Res Ctr, Dept Psychol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin, Nicotine Res Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program Clin Psychol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Polit Sci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. VA Med Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. USN, Alcohol Rehabil Program, Miramar Naval Air Stn, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Patten, CA (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Nicotine Res Ctr, Dept Psychol, Colonial B-9, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0740-5472 J9 J SUBST ABUSE TREAT JI J. Subst. Abus. Treat. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 16 IS 1 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1016/S0740-5472(98)00016-6 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 151FL UT WOS:000077710000008 PM 9888123 ER PT J AU Hyer, RN AF Hyer, RN TI Telemedical experiences at an Antarctic station SO JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE LA English DT Article AB Wintering-over in Antarctica represents a physician's most remote and inaccessible scenario, apart from a space station. Because of the harsh and unpredictable winter weather, Antarctic stations are typically inaccessible for over six months of the year. Telephone and fax communication, and recently other forms of telemedicine, have provided vital links to specialists. The author was the sole physician for more than 250 people wintering-over during the 1995 austral winter at McMurdo Station. There were several instances of serious or life-threatening illness where the author relied on teleconsultation. These cases included new-onset coronary artery disease, posterior hip dislocation, complicated Colles' fracture and acute appendicitis. There were also numerous consultations for non-emergency clinical presentations normally managed by specialists. Telemedicine was a crucial link to specialists from the remote and inaccessible environment of Antarctica. C1 USN, Support Force Antarctica, Dept Med, McMurdo Stn, New Zealand. RP USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 7, PSC 824,Box 2760, FPO, AE 09623 USA. EM sig1mh@sig10.med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1357-633X EI 1758-1109 J9 J TELEMED TELECARE JI J. Telemed. Telecare PY 1999 VL 5 SU 1 BP 87 EP 89 DI 10.1258/1357633991932702 PG 3 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 175NT UT WOS:000079101100036 ER PT J AU Bishop, GC Smith, J AF Bishop, GC Smith, J TI Scattering from rigid and soft targets near a planar boundary: Numerical results SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; WAVE-GUIDE; WATER; REFLECTION; INTERFACE AB A T-matrix formalism for plane-wave scattering from a fluid-loaded elastic spherical shell near a rough fluid-elastic boundary that includes target-boundary scattering effects [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101, 767-788 (1997)] is specialized to scattering from a planar boundary and generalized to include scattering from rigid and soft spheres and finite cylinders with hemispherical endcaps and rigid, soft, fluid, viscoelastic, and fluid-saturated poroelastic sediments. Scattering from a Variety of target and sediment combinations is considered, and numerical results are shown that indicate some of the effects of target-boundary scattering and the dependence of target-boundary scattering on target and sediment parameters. [S0001-4966(99)05001-8]. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Bishop, GC (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 105 IS 1 BP 130 EP 143 DI 10.1121/1.424625 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 153JZ UT WOS:000077831100010 ER PT J AU Harrison, BF AF Harrison, BF TI An L-infinity-norm estimator for environmentally robust, shallow-water source localization SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUND-SPEED; SENSITIVITY; MISMATCH AB In this paper, the L-infinity-norm estimator for robust matched-field source localization in the presence of environmental uncertainties is proposed. This estimator is derived from the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator by interpreting MAP as an exponentially weighted average over environmental realizations. In the presence of infinite averaging, MAP provides an optimal approach to robust matched-held source localization. However, in practice only a finite number of environmental realizations can be included in this average, resulting in a suboptimal processor. With finite environmental sampling, the L-infinity-norm estimator provides superior performance over that of MAP. Also introduced is the concept of wave number gradients which provide physical insight for the performance of the L-infinity-norm estimator. Simulation results from two shallow-water environments are presented, which show that at moderate signal-to-noise ratios, the proposed estimator provides nearly 90%-correct localization performance compared to less than 70% for MAP. Results using experimental data from the Mediterranean Sea are also presented. (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)01801-9]. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Submarine Sonar Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Harrison, BF (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Submarine Sonar Dept, Code 2121,Bldg 1320, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 105 IS 1 BP 252 EP 259 DI 10.1121/1.424602 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 153JZ UT WOS:000077831100023 ER PT J AU Opeka, MM Talmy, IG Wuchina, EJ Zaykoski, JA Causey, SJ AF Opeka, MM Talmy, IG Wuchina, EJ Zaykoski, JA Causey, SJ TI Mechanical, thermal, and oxidation properties of refractory hafnium and zirconium compounds SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on New Developments in High Temperature Materials CY AUG 12-15, 1998 CL ISTANBUL, TURKEY DE borides; carbides; corrosion; mechanical properties; nitrides; thermal conductivity; thermal expansion AB The thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, Youngs Modulus, flexural strength, and brittle-plastic deformation transition temperature were determined for HfB2, HfC0.98, HfC0.67, and HfN0.92 ceramics. The oxidation resistance of ceramics in the ZrB2-ZrC-SiC system was characterized as a function of composition and processing technique. The thermal conductivity of HfB2 exceeded that of the other materials by a factor of 5 at room temperature and by a factor of 2.5 at 820 degrees C. The transition temperature of HfC exhibited a strong stoichiometry dependence, decreasing from 2200 degrees C for HfC0.98 to 1100 degrees C for HfC0.67 ceramics. The transition temperature of HfB2 was 1100 degrees C. The ZrB2/ZrC/SiC ceramics were prepared from mixtures of Zr (or ZrC), SiB4, and C using displacement reactions. The ceramics with ZrB2 as a predominant phase had high oxidation resistance up to 1500 degrees C compared to pure ZrB2 and ZrC ceramics. The ceramics with ZrB2/SiC molar ratio of 2 (25 vol% SiC), containing little or no ZrC, were the most oxidation resistant. Published by Elsevier Science Limited. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. So Res Inst, Birmingham, AL 35255 USA. RP Opeka, MM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 3 TC 391 Z9 416 U1 16 U2 158 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 1999 VL 19 IS 13-14 BP 2405 EP 2414 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(99)00129-6 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 243PE UT WOS:000083005800023 ER PT J AU Tran, P AF Tran, P TI All-optical switching with a nonlinear chiral photonic bandgap structure SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PULSES AB A pump-probe optical switching mechanism that uses a nonlinear chiral photonic bandgap structure is proposed. The switching is achieved by shifting the bandgap of the structure; the chirality permits the use of the same frequency for the pump and the probe beam. The pump beam is never transmitted, so there is no dis; crimination problem. A new extension of the finite-difference time-domain technique is developed to simulate the propagation of an electromagnetic wave in a Kerr nonlinear chiral medium. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. [S0740-3224(98)00212-4]. OCIS codes: 230.1150, 190.4360. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res & Technol Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Tran, P (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res & Technol Div, Code 4B4000D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 10 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 16 IS 1 BP 70 EP 73 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.16.000070 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 157NE UT WOS:000078067900010 ER PT J AU Mo, B Ohadi, MM Dessiatoun, SV Cheung, KH AF Mo, B Ohadi, MM Dessiatoun, SV Cheung, KH TI Startup time reduction in an electrohydrodynamically enhanced capillary pumped loop SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article AB The capillary pumped loop (CPL) is a state-of-the-art technique for cooling of spacecraft and telecommunication devices. It provides substantially higher cooling capacity than most heat pipes, more flexibility of installation, and much greater distance of heat transport because of the small diameter of wickless transport lines. Major disadvantages of the CPL are long and complicated startup procedures and the possibility of deprime at high heat input or load variation, The present work was an experimental study to characterize the start-up process for an electrohydrodynamically (EHD) assisted CPL system. Startup is achieved by establishing stable differential pressure and average temperature at the evaporator wall. When an electric field is applied to the evaporator wick, the liquid-vapor separation, the EHD pumping, and the instability-induced Maxwell stresses collectively contribute to reduce the startup time, as well as provide substantial improvement in CPL thermal performance. The experimental data in the present study show that at a power level of 10 W, the EHD can reduce the startup time by as much as 50% at an applied voltage of 10 kV. A similar trend is observed at power levels of 20 and 50 W. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Dept Spacecraft Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mo, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 134 EP 139 DI 10.2514/2.6411 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 162TP UT WOS:000078363100017 ER PT J AU Cho, SL DiVenere, A Wong, GK Ketterson, JB Meyer, JR AF Cho, SL DiVenere, A Wong, GK Ketterson, JB Meyer, JR TI Molecular beam epitaxial growth and structural properties of Bi1-xSbx alloy thin films on CdTe(III) substrates SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; BISMUTH-FILMS; PBTE-BI; SUPERLATTICES; SB AB We have successfully grown BiSb alloy thin films on CdTe(111)B over a wide range of Sb compositions using molecular beam epitaxy. Structural properties have been investigated using in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction, x-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. Adding Sb to Bi leads to a reduction of the lattice constant, poorer crystallinity, and a rougher surface morphology. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(99)04601-1]. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. HKUST, Dept Phys, Kowloon, Hong Kong. RP Ketterson, JB (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Ketterson, John/B-7234-2009 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 17 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1116/1.581546 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 158UU UT WOS:000078136300002 ER PT J AU Eddy, CR Leonhardt, D Douglass, SR Thoms, BD Shamamian, VA Butler, JE AF Eddy, CR Leonhardt, D Douglass, SR Thoms, BD Shamamian, VA Butler, JE TI Characterization of Cl-2/Ar high density plasmas for semiconductor etching SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE PLASMA; CHLORINE; DISCHARGES; CL2; REACTOR; PROBE; MODEL; SI; AR AB Chlorine-based high density plasmas, commonly used in the etching of elemental and compound semiconductors, are characterized using mass spectrometry, optical emission spectroscopy, and electrostatic probes. Plasma fluxes are characterized by three-dimensional Langmuir probe measurements and optical emission spectroscopy. The flux is further characterized at the substrate platen by mass spectrometry to determine its makeup in terms of charged or neutral species and atomic or molecular species. Langmuir probe investigations show variations in electron temperature (2-6 eV), plasma density (1 x 10(10) to 1 x 10(12) cm(-3)), and plasma potential (5-25 V) as process conditions (microwave power, total pressure, and fraction of Cl-2 in Ar) and measurement location are varied. Concurrent optical emission spectroscopy measurements of ionized species are in general agreement with Langmuir probe results. Further, optical emission spectroscopy of neutral and ionized species provides global insight into the variation of atomic/molecular fractions in the plasma as it is transported to the substrate processing region. At the substrate, mass spectrometric characterizations show Cl+ and Ar+ dominating the flux for low pressure and high powers, while Cl-2 and Ar dominate at high pressure and low power. For Cl-2 fractions greater than 25% molecular chlorine begins to dominate the flux to the substrate. These observations of processing space are discussed with respect to implications on semiconductor etching and regions most suitable to high rate, anisotropic processing conditions are identified. [S0734-2101(99)02701-3]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eddy, CR (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 8 St Marys St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 22 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 17 IS 1 BP 38 EP 51 DI 10.1116/1.581543 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 158UU UT WOS:000078136300006 ER PT J AU Bartlett, B Buckley, LJ Godbey, DJ Schroeder, MJ Fontenot, C Eisinger, S AF Bartlett, B Buckley, LJ Godbey, DJ Schroeder, MJ Fontenot, C Eisinger, S TI Vapor deposition polymerization of 4-fluorostyrene and pentafluorostyrene SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article AB Solventless deposition of thin, uniform dielectric films is of considerable interest and importance in the microelectronics industry due to environmental concerns and increasing wafer sizes. This work demonstrates a solvent-free method for atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition polymerization of thin films on a variety of-substrates, including silicon, molybdenum, platinum and copper. Polymerization of 4-fluorostyrene (4FS) and pentafluorostyrene (PFS) is used as a model system. Depth profiling is performed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and step profilometry. Film growth is found to be independent of substrate, and proceeds with activation energies of 14+/-1 and 15+/-1 kcal/mol, respectively, for 4FS and PFS deposition between 425 and 550 K. Films are shown by gel permeation chromatography to consist of low molecular weight polymer and oligimer species (between 3 and similar to 140 repeat units). Atomic farce microscopy analysis of films grown by this method indicates that the root mean square thickness variation along the surface is about 2.5%. [S0734-211X(99)01401-8]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Buckley, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 17 IS 1 BP 90 EP 94 DI 10.1116/1.590539 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 167VK UT WOS:000078654300017 ER PT J AU Black, FO Paloski, WH Reschke, MF Igarashi, M Guedry, F Anderson, DJ AF Black, FO Paloski, WH Reschke, MF Igarashi, M Guedry, F Anderson, DJ TI Disruption of postural readaptation by inertial stimuli following space flight SO JOURNAL OF VESTIBULAR RESEARCH-EQUILIBRIUM & ORIENTATION LA English DT Article DE orbital space flight; postural instability; space adaptation syndrome; otolith control of posture; countermeasures ID SHUTTLE FLIGHTS; LEG MUSCLES; RESPONSES; REFLEX; ADAPTATION; SUPPORT; STANCE AB Postural instability (relative to pre-flight) has been observed in all shuttle astronauts studied upon return from orbital missions. Postural stability was more closely examined in four shuttle astronaut subjects before and after an 8 day orbital mission. Results of the pre- and post- flight postural stability studies were compared with a larger (n = 34) study of astronauts returning from shuttle missions of similar duration. Results from both studies indicated that inadequate vestibular feedback was the must significant sensory deficit contributing to the postural instability observed post flight. For two of the four IML-1 astronauts, post-flight postural instability and rate of recovery toward their earth-normal performance matched the performance of the larger sample. However, post-flight postural control in one returning astronaut was substantially below mean performance. This individual, who was within normal limits with respect to postural control before the mission, indicated that recovery to pre-flight postural stability was also interrupted by a post-flight pitch plane rotation test. A similar, though less extreme departure from the mean recovery trajectory was present in another astronaut following the same post-flight rotation test. The pitch plane rotation stimuli included otolith stimuli in the form of both transient tangential and constant centripetal linear acceleration components. We inferred from these findings that adaptation on orbit and re-adaptation on earth involved a change in sensorimotor integration of vestibular signals most likely from the otolith organs. C1 Legacy Holladay Pk Med Ctr, Clin Res & Technol Ctr, Legacy Hlth Syst, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Life Sci Res Labs, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Nihon Univ, Tokyo, Japan. USN Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Black, FO (reprint author), Legacy Holladay Pk Med Ctr, Clin Res & Technol Ctr, Legacy Hlth Syst, POB 3950, Portland, OR 97208 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [2 RO1 DC 00205] NR 25 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4271 J9 J VESTIBUL RES-EQUIL JI J. Vestib. Res.-Equilib. Orientat. PY 1999 VL 9 IS 5 BP 369 EP 378 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 246FM UT WOS:000083153800006 PM 10544375 ER PT J AU Gaunaurd, GC Eisler, TJ AF Gaunaurd, GC Eisler, TJ TI Classical electrodynamics and acoustics, Part 2: Sound radiation by moving quadrupoles SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Our earlier work in Part 1 of this paper [1] is here extended to quadrupole distributions and point quadrupoles (i.e., stresses in arbitrary motion. Radiation patterns are obtained and displayed in many relevant cases. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Gaunaurd, GC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 684, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 EI 1528-8927 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 1999 VL 121 IS 1 BP 126 EP 130 DI 10.1115/1.2893939 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 162ML UT WOS:000078350600020 ER PT J AU Kriebel, DL Berek, EP Chakrabarti, SK Waters, JK AF Kriebel, DL Berek, EP Chakrabarti, SK Waters, JK TI Wave-current loading on shallow-water caisson: An evaluation of API recommended practice SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Results of laboratory model tests are used to assess the accuracy of the American Petroleum Institute (API) method of predicting wave-current loading on a shallow-water production caisson in extreme random waves. Model tests were conducted using a 1-to-20 scale model of a 36-in. (X2.54-cm) diameter caisson in a 50-ft (x3.048-m) water depth. Tests were conducted with and without in-line currents in extreme random waves, many of which were breaking. The experimental results for wave-current kinematics, wave forces, and overturning moments are compared to predictions based on the API procedure using Stream Function wave theory. Based on analysis of 132 extreme random waves from the test program, it is found that the in-line fluid velocities measured just below the wave trough level were 6% larger than measured values on average. Predicted in-line wave forces and moments were, on average, 10% and 15% larger than measured values, respectively. Measured wave loads included dynamic amplification of about 10% due to ringing of the structure following the impact of extreme breaking waves. The standard deviation between measured and predicted values were quite large, however, and measured wave loads for a few waves that plunged directly on the caisson model were between 1.5 and 2.2 times larger than the predicted loads. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Mobil Technol Corp, Offshore Environm Grp, Dallas, TX USA. Anal Inc, Offshore Struct, Plainfield, IL USA. RP Kriebel, DL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM kriebel@nadn.navy.mil NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 125 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1999)125:1(29) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 146PC UT WOS:000077438700004 ER PT J AU Simsir, A Ioffe, O Burke, KC Dahmoush, L Henry, M AF Simsir, A Ioffe, O Burke, KC Dahmoush, L Henry, M TI Cervical smear obtained at colposcopy: Is there an added benefit to biopsy? SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 79 IS 1 MA 285 BP 51A EP 51A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 162YZ UT WOS:000078376600293 ER PT J AU Phillips, L Gardner, JH Bodner, SE Colombant, D Obenschain, SP Schmitt, AJ Dahlburg, JP Lehecka, T Klapisch, M Bar-Shalom, A AF Phillips, L Gardner, JH Bodner, SE Colombant, D Obenschain, SP Schmitt, AJ Dahlburg, JP Lehecka, T Klapisch, M Bar-Shalom, A TI New target designs for direct-drive ICF SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter (ECLIM) CY MAY 04-08, 1999 CL FORMIA, ITALY SP Assoc EURATOM-ENEA, Frascati ICF Phys & Technol Lab ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; FUSION; ABLATION; PLASMAS AB We describe two approaches to the design of a direct-drive high-gain pellet for inertial confinement fusion reactors that has enhanced stability due to the reduction in the Rayleigh-Taylor growth rate and enhanced thermal smoothing of laser imprint. The first design incorporates an overcoat containing a high-Z element that radiatively heats the ablator during the foot of the laser pulse. The second incorporates a very low density foam ablator that is compressed by a series of transmitted and reflected shocks. Both designs enhance thermal smoothing by developing a very long density scale length and high electron densities in the ablator blowoff. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Appl Phys Operat, Mclean, VA USA. ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Phillips, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PY 1999 VL 17 IS 2 BP 225 EP 235 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 217VE UT WOS:000081518900009 ER PT S AU Pique, A Chrisey, DB Auyeung, RCY Lakeou, S Chung, R McGill, RA Wu, PK Duignan, M Fitz-Gerald, J Wu, HD AF Pique, A Chrisey, DB Auyeung, RCY Lakeou, S Chung, R McGill, RA Wu, PK Duignan, M Fitz-Gerald, J Wu, HD BE Dubowski, JJ Helvajian, H Kreutz, EW Sugioka, K TI Laser Direct Writing of circuit elements and sensors SO LASER APPLICATIONS IN MICROELECTRONIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC MANUFACTURING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Applications in Microelectronic and Optoelectronic Manufacturing IV CY JAN 25-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, SPIE DE Direct Write; rapid prototyping; Laser Induced Forward Transfer; Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation; MAPLE Direct Write ID CHEMICAL SENSORS; ELECTRONIC NOSE AB A novel approach for maskless deposition of numerous materials has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. This technique evolved from the combination of Laser Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) and Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE), and utilizes a computer controlled laser micromachining system. The resulting process is called MAPLE-DW for MAPLE Direct Write. MAPLE-DW can be used for the rapid fabrication of circuits and their components without the use of masks. Using MAPLE-DW, a wide variety of materials have been transferred over different types of substrates such as glass, alumina, plastics, and various types of circuit boards. Materials such as metals, dielectrics, ferrites, polymers and composites have been successfully deposited without any loss in functionality. Using a computer controlled stage, the above mentioned materials were deposited at room temperature over various substrates independent of their surface morphology, with sub-10 mu m resolution. In addition, multilayer structures comprising of different types of materials were demonstrated by this technique. These multilayer structures form the basis of prototype thin film electronic devices such as resistors, capacitors, cross-over lines, inductors, etc. An overview of the results obtained using MAPLE-DW as well as examples of several devices made using this technique is presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3088-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3618 BP 330 EP 339 DI 10.1117/12.352695 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BN65R UT WOS:000082492400036 ER PT J AU Arrivo, SM Kleiman, VD Grubbs, WT Dougherty, TP Heilweil, EJ AF Arrivo, SM Kleiman, VD Grubbs, WT Dougherty, TP Heilweil, EJ TI Infrared spectral hole burning of 1 : 1 hydrogen-bonded complexes in solution SO LASER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy CY APR 07-11, 1997 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP AG Electro-Opt, Andor Technol Ltd/LOT Oriel, Bruker Spectrospin Ltd, Clarke-MXR Inc, Coherent (UK) Ltd, Edinburgh Instruments Ltd/Continuum, Mutek Infrared Laser Syst GmbH, Photox Opt Syst, Princeton Instruments Ltd, Renishaw plc, Rutherford Appleton Lab CLRC, Spectra-Phys Lasers Ltd DE hydrogen-bond; hole-burning; infrared; broadband; complexes; inhomogeneous ID SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS AB Transient picosecond infrared (IR) spectra of the OH and NH-stretch (v = 0 - 1) absorption bands of several hydrogen-bonded complexes have been investigated. Solutions of 1:1 complexes of weak acids (methanol, triethylsilanol and pyrrole, < 0.1 mol/dm(3)) and bases (acetonitrile, pyridine and tetrahydrofuran, < 2 mol/dm(3)) in CCl4 at 295 K were interrogated with IR excitation and broadband probing. Lorentzian-shaped absorption bands are uniformly bleached while those with near-Gaussian bandshapes produce transient spectral holes. These results indicate a base functionality and hydrogen-bond strength dependence for determining the broadening mechanisms of these absorptions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Stetson Univ, Dept Chem, De Land, FL 32720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Merck & Co Inc, W Point, PA 19486 USA. Beaver Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Glenside, PA 19038 USA. RP Heilweil, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Room B208 Bldg 221, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Kleiman, Valeria/H-7818-2013 OI Kleiman, Valeria/0000-0002-9975-6558 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0278-6273 J9 LASER CHEM JI Laser Chem. PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1155/1999/80323 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 215EY UT WOS:000081370000002 ER PT S AU Podlesak, M AF Podlesak, M BE Kamerman, GW Werner, C TI Direct optical sensing of underwater sound fields - naval applications SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications IV CY JUN 16, 1999 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, European Opt Soc, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev, Wissenschaftl Gesell Lasertech e V DE laser Doppler acoustic sensor; active control; underwater noise; nearfield acoustic holography ID ACTIVE CONTROL; RADIATION AB Control of underwater noise radiated by naval vessels relies on two factors. First, ship design for quiet operation, and second, provision of additional control features to monitor and manage the acoustic signature according to operational requirements. While the first is the most crucial factor, the second gains in significance when quiet to ultra-quiet operation is required. Self-monitoring of farfield acoustic signature is inherently problematic because of the difficulty in providing real-time information on radiated sound at large distances from the vessel. A variety of less direct, but currently more effective methods may be employed. However, the one proposed here is based on direct optical sensing of underwater sound through laser Doppler velocimetry in the acoustic nearfield of a vessel. The merits and shortcomings of the technique are discussed, including some of the problems contributing to the presently poor signal-to-noise ratio. While it appears that the technique may be feasible at low frequencies of 10 to <1000 Hz, some serious noise limitation such as those due to Brownian diffusive motion need to be overcome first. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Podlesak, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5603, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3181-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3707 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1117/12.351350 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN20D UT WOS:000081059300003 ER PT S AU Gilbreath, GC Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Corson, MR Ferraro, M Katzer, DS Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Meehan, T Kline, JF AF Gilbreath, GC Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Corson, MR Ferraro, M Katzer, DS Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Meehan, T Kline, JF BE Kamerman, GW Werner, C TI Large aperture quantum well shutters for fast retroreflected optical data links in free space SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications IV CY JUN 16, 1999 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, European Opt Soc, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev, Wissenschaftl Gesell Lasertech e V AB This paper reports progress on the development of a fast modulating retroreflector for a free space optical data link. A previous publication reported sustaining video over a 17 meter link using a multiple quantum well shutter with a diameter of 0.5 cm at a rate on the order of 0.5 Mbps, limited by the demonstration electronics. This work describes improvements in the device performance, which is on the order of 4 Mbps to 6 Mbps with a Bit Error Rates of 10(-6) over a robust optical link. This device lends itself to an array configuration for long range applications and will clearly support T1 rates of 1.54 Mbps, and higher. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gilbreath, GC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3181-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3707 BP 666 EP 672 DI 10.1117/12.351384 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN20D UT WOS:000081059300065 ER PT J AU Ross, EV Barnette, DJ Glatter, RD Grevelink, JM AF Ross, EV Barnette, DJ Glatter, RD Grevelink, JM TI Effects of overlap and pass number in CO2, laser skin resurfacing: A study of residual thermal damage, cell death, and wound healing SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 04-06, 1997 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg DE time constant; critical frequency; transition zone; scarring; thermal relaxation time ID CARBON-DIOXIDE LASER; CO2-LASER TISSUE ABLATION; PULSED CO2-LASER; RHYTIDES; DURATION; SURGERY AB Background: Newer CO2 laser systems incorporating short pulse and scanning technology have been used effectively to resurface the skin. As the number of resurfacing cases has increased, hypertrophic scarring has been reported more commonly. Previous dermabrasion and continuous wave CO2 studies have suggested that depth of injury and thermal damage are important predictors of scarring for a given anatomic region. To determine whether rapid overlapping of laser pulses/scans significantly altered wound healing, we examined residual thermal damage, cell death, and histologic and clinical wound healing in a farm pig. Methods and Materials: Two popular CO2 systems were used, with a range of radiant exposures, degrees of overlap, and numbers of passes. Thermal damage was assessed by histology, and dermal cell viability was measured with nitrotetrazolium blue staining. Presence or absence of clinical scarring was determined by textural change and loss of skin markings. Results: We observed that dermal thermal damage did not increase significantly with pass number when performed as in the normal clinical setting (for 2-4 passes); however, by delivering rapidly overlapping pulses and scans, residual thermal damage and cell death depth were increased as much as 100% over areas without immediate overlap of laser impacts. Conclusions: Immediate overlapping of CO2 laser pulses and scans is a significant risk factor in increasing thermal damage, cell death, and possibly scarring. Lasers Surg. Med. 24:103-112, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dermatol Laser Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Wellman Labs Photomed, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 1999 VL 24 IS 2 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9101(1999)24:2<103::AID-LSM5>3.0.CO;2-B PG 10 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 173WZ UT WOS:000079003900005 PM 10100647 ER PT S AU Lindle, JR Bartoli, FJ Flom, SR Selinger, JV Shashidhar, R Ratna, BR AF Lindle, JR Bartoli, FJ Flom, SR Selinger, JV Shashidhar, R Ratna, BR BE Bunning, TJ Chen, SH Chien, LC Kajiyama, T Koide, N Lien, SCA TI Effect of side chain substitution on the field-dependent birefringence in a series of chiral smectic A liquid crystals SO LIQUID CRYSTAL MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Liquid Crystal Materials and Devices, at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-07, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, Everlight Chem Ind Corp, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev AB The field dependent birefringence and the tilt angle are measured for a series of four electroclinic liquid crystals. The zero-field birefringence decreased significantly and monotonically with the length of the siloxane side chain. For all four samples, the birefringence and the electroclinic tilt angle increased substantially with the application of a field. At 10 V/mu m, the electroclinic tilt angle in DSiKN65 and TSiKN105 exceeded 22.5 degrees and the phase retardation due to the change in the birefringence exceeded a quarter wave. In all four liquid crystals, the electroclinic tilt angle and the field-dependent birefringence were shown to be strongly correlated, suggesting a common origin. Moreover, this correlation persists even at high fields where both processes undergo saturation. A simple orientational model, based on a distribution in the molecular optical axis, was developed to explain the large change in birefringence in the substituted compounds as well as the dependence of Delta n on electric field. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lindle, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009; Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-466-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 559 BP 33 EP 44 PG 12 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science GA BN69C UT WOS:000082590700004 ER PT S AU Naciri, J Weslowski, B Wilson, C Shashidhar, R Ratna, BR AF Naciri, J Weslowski, B Wilson, C Shashidhar, R Ratna, BR BE Shashidhar, R TI Advances in liquid crystals for gray-scale applications SO LIQUID CRYSTAL MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Liquid Crystal Materials, Devices, and Applications VII CY JAN 28-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Chiral smectic A electroclinic liquid crystalline materials are prime candidates for electrooptic applications because of their gray scale capability and fast dynamic response. The evolution of this technology greatly depends on the development of chiral smectic A materials with large induced tilt angles, field-independent fast switching times and a broad operating temperature range. We report in this paper the physical properties of a series of liquid crystal materials. Features of this series of materials are broad smectic A (SmA) phase range and large induced tilt angles. Such large elecroclinic coefficients make these materials good candidates for the development of silicon based reflective displays. Comparison of the electrooptic performance of the materials in SmA mesophase will be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Naciri, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6950, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3106-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3635 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1117/12.343866 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BM84V UT WOS:000079917500002 ER PT S AU Shenoy, D Grueneberg, K Naciri, J Shashidhar, R AF Shenoy, D Grueneberg, K Naciri, J Shashidhar, R BE Shashidhar, R TI Device properties and polar anchoring of nematic molecules at photo-dimerized surfaces SO LIQUID CRYSTAL MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Liquid Crystal Materials, Devices, and Applications VII CY JAN 28-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL DISPLAYS; ALIGNMENT; ANGLES AB A photo-dimerized monolayer (PDML) has been recently developed by us for liquid crystal alignment. Electro-optic properties of a single pixel prototype device with the PDML alignment layer have been measured. Data on the contrast, threshold voltage and slope of the response curve are presented which demonstrate the efficacy of the PDML layer for LCD applications. In addition, the polar anchoring energy was measured for PDML layers differing in the chemical composition. The ability to tune this anchoring energy through chemical modification is demonstrated. It is shown that the anchoring strength is comparable to that obtained for liquid crystal cells using the mechanically rubbed polyimide alignment layer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shenoy, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Nastishin, Yuriy/0000-0001-7044-2224 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3106-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3635 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1117/12.343869 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BM84V UT WOS:000079917500004 ER PT S AU Hermanns, A Shirey, LM Geer, RE Radler, MJ Bian, ZL Ratna, BR AF Hermanns, A Shirey, LM Geer, RE Radler, MJ Bian, ZL Ratna, BR BE Shashidhar, R TI A post-processing sequence for liquid-crystal-on-silicon microdisplays SO LIQUID CRYSTAL MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Liquid Crystal Materials, Devices, and Applications VII CY JAN 28-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCOS); microdisplay; chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) spin-on; planarization; benzocyclobutene (BCB); reactive ion etching (RIE) AB The backplanes of Liquid-Crystal-on-Silicon microdisplays are derived from a VLSI silicon chip that includes the active matrix as well as row and column drivers. One way to convert this silicon chip into a functional backplane is to planarize the silicon chip, then etch vias through the planarization layer and finally to pattern an array of flat, highly reflective electrodes, each of which is electrically connected to a corresponding cell of the active matrix underneath. Such a post-processing sequence can be carried out in different ways, using either Chemical-Mechanical Polishing or spin-on planarization. We have chosen spin-on planarization with Dow Chemical's Cyclotene(TM) resin followed by reactive ion etching of the vias. Finally, electrodes are patterned by aluminum sputtering and lift-off. This step also establishes the electrical connection to the underlying metalization. To demonstrate this sequence we have fabricated a two-level passive silicon backplane with aluminum stripe electrodes. We describe in detail the processing steps involved and report on the achieved degree of planarization, polymer and aluminum roughness. C1 USN, Res Lab, Geocenters Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hermanns, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Geocenters Inc, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Shirey, Loretta/B-3164-2013 OI Shirey, Loretta/0000-0003-2600-3405 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3106-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3635 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1117/12.343861 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BM84V UT WOS:000079917500014 ER PT J AU Mackney, MDA Ross, CTF AF Mackney, MDA Ross, CTF TI Superstructure effectiveness in the preliminary assessment of the hull behavior SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY AND SNAME NEWS LA English DT Article AB In a study of hull-superstructure interaction, a parametric investigation was undertaken, which was designed to examine a large number of hull-superstructure arrangements, broadly representative Of warship configurations. The study was essentially numerical, based on the finite element method, but was supported by an experimental program used to validate aspects of the modeling. The majority of the numerical work was the analysis of three-dimensional simplified models having either a single superstructure on a standardized hull, or a double superstructure arrangement on an alternative standardized hull. Such models represented simplified structural configurations from which preliminary assessments of the hull-superstructure behaviour could be systematically addressed within an initial design sequence. Superstructure effectiveness is not universally defined or used, in the literature. Since stresses are idiosyncratic, effectiveness in this work is defined in terms of overall structural displacement as the ratio of the maximum displacement of the plain hull to the maximum displacement with superstructures. A variety of cases was considered, including single and double superstructure arrangements of various sizes and in various positions on the hull. Design curves were formed for the different arrangements showing the variation in the effectiveness. Superstructure effectiveness varies with superstructure length, becoming greater as the superstructure becomes longer. There is a finite limit to the maximum effectiveness which is dependent on the relative cross sectional properties. The position of the superstructure also affects the effectiveness, with the greatest effectiveness occurring at the mid hull position. The change in effectiveness is less when the superstructure is small and changing position than when it is long. Two superstructures having comparable total length to a single superstructure are less effective than the single superstructure. Three superstructures are more effective than two, but still less than one. As the number of superstructures increases for a given total length, the effectiveness tends towards the single superstructure value. Superstructures, even of modest dimensions, add considerably to the cross-sectional properties and should be considered as part of the hull girder when doing the preliminary design. C1 USN Acad, Div Engn & Weapons, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mackney, MDA (reprint author), USN Acad, Div Engn & Weapons, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0025-3316 J9 MAR TECHNOL SNAME N JI Mar. Technol. Sname News PD JAN PY 1999 VL 36 IS 1 BP 29 EP 44 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 416BH UT WOS:000167759100006 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, A Es-Said, OS Marloth, R Hernandez, I Dizon, J Richardson, GY AF Gonzalez, A Es-Said, OS Marloth, R Hernandez, I Dizon, J Richardson, GY TI On the selection of durable coatings for cryogenic engine technology SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB Many benefits can be realized by incorporating hydrostatic bearings into liquid hydrogen turbopumps; however, suitable material coatings must be used to avoid excessive wear during multiple starts and stops. Chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond coatings were developed and tested at Phillips Laboratory for use as liquid hydrogen rocket turbopump bearing surfaces. A short list of coating materials other than diamond is suggested. Nine manufacturers out of fifty contacted are identified as capable of depositing durable coatings on Inconel 718. A cost effective low temperature tribometer based on the hydrostatic bearing application should be designed and built prior to performing full scale tests. C1 Hughes STX, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1 BP 107 EP 121 DI 10.1080/10426919908914808 PG 15 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 167LL UT WOS:000078634200008 ER PT J AU Varma, SK Mahapatra, R Hernandez, C Chan, A Corral, E AF Varma, SK Mahapatra, R Hernandez, C Chan, A Corral, E TI Influence of processing on microstructures of Ti-44Al-11Nb alloy SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; BEHAVIOR; NB; DEFORMATION AB The cyclic and static oxidation behavior in the processing of Ti-44Al-11Nb alloy has been studied at 900, 950, and 1000 degrees C in air for a period of up to 168 hours (or a week). A recreation of diffusion paths for the oxide to penetrate into the base metal during every cycle results in the lower oxidation rates during cyclic mode compared to static mode. An extended period of heating time allows for the coarsening of the structure for both forms of alloys: polycrystalline and directionally solidified crystals. Coarsening and phase transformation in the heating period involves large amounts of dislocation activities in the lamellar structure as well as at the interface of lamellar structure and islands of gamma. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Met & Mat Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 EI 1532-2475 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 1999 VL 14 IS 6 BP 821 EP 835 DI 10.1080/10426919908914875 PG 15 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 268JP UT WOS:000084410800003 ER PT J AU Ng, KY Stanford, T AF Ng, KY Stanford, T TI On Gusarov's groups of knots SO MATHEMATICAL PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VASSILIEV INVARIANTS AB We give a construction of Gusaros 's groups G(n) of knots based on pure braid commutators, and show that any element of G(n) is represented by an infinite number of prime alternating knots of braid index less than or equal to n + 1. We also study V-n, the torsion-free part of G(n), which is the group of equivalence classes of knots which cannot be distinguished by any rational Vassiliev invariant of order less than or equal to n.. Generalizing the Gusarov-Ohyama definition of n-triviality, we give a characterization of the elements of the nth group of the lower central series of an arbitrary group. C1 Wall St Syst, New York, NY 10004 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ng, KY (reprint author), Wall St Syst, 30 Broad St, New York, NY 10004 USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0305-0041 J9 MATH PROC CAMBRIDGE JI Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 126 BP 63 EP 76 PN 1 PG 14 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 175KG UT WOS:000079092000006 ER PT B AU Ohara, Y Dawson, D Sugano, H Ruetzler, C Azzam, N Hallenbeck, JM McCarron, RM Spatz, M AF Ohara, Y Dawson, D Sugano, H Ruetzler, C Azzam, N Hallenbeck, JM McCarron, RM Spatz, M BE Ito, U Fieschi, C Orzi, F Kuroiwa, T Klatzo, I TI Effect of endothelin(A) receptor antagonist on neuronal injury in global and focal ischemia SO MATURATION PHENOMENON IN CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA III: DEFENSIVE MECHANISMS VERSUS APOPTOSIS - NEURONAL RECOVERY AND PROTECTION IN CEREBRAL INFARCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Maturation Phenomenon in Cerebral Ischemia CY APR 20-22, 1998 CL POZZILLI, ITALY ID CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; NITRIC-OXIDE; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; RAT; PERFUSION; VASOSPASM; PHARMACOLOGY; NETWORK; MODEL AB he involvement of endogenous endothelin-1 (ET-1) was evaluated in transient global brain ischemia (8 min) with reperfusion (72 h) and in focal permanent ischemia (4 h) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In gerbils, postischemic treatment with an ETA receptor antagonist, Ro 61-1790, reversed the ischemia-induced hypoperfusion and preserved 64-74% of hippocampal CA1 neurons, compared with controls (20-44%). The pretreatment of SHR with Ro 61-1790 significantly increased cerebral microvascular perfusion, which was associated with a significant decrease (27%) in the volume of the ischemic lesion. These findings support the hypothesis that endogenously released ET-1 is an important mediator of ischemic injury. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Ohara, Y (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-65023-7 PY 1999 BP 143 EP 150 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BN80A UT WOS:000082967200018 ER PT J AU Dunn, B Garcia, E AF Dunn, B Garcia, E TI Optimal placement of a proof mass actuator for active structural acoustic control SO MECHANICS OF STRUCTURES AND MACHINES LA English DT Article ID PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS; FLEXIBLE STRUCTURES; SOUND RADIATION; TRANSMISSION; FEEDBACK; PLATES; SENSOR AB A numerically efficient method for placement of actuators for active structural acoustic control (ASAC) is presented for systems represented in state variable form. The placement criteria is based on the system output, using the concept of an "output controllability grammian" and following minimum energy principles from linear systems theory. This is in contrast to using the state response, which has been well explored in the structural control community for vibration problems. Maximizing output controllability fits well with the ASAC problem, where it is desired only to control the modes of a structure that contribute significantly to acoustic emissions and not necessarily the vibration response. These concepts are used to place a collocated PMA and structural sensor on a baffled, simply supported beam that is coupled to the acoustic modes of a rigid enclosure. Coupling between the structural and acoustic modes is exploited to find the actuator location on the beam that gives greatest output controllability for modal acoustic pressures within the enclosure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Dunn, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0890-5452 J9 MECH STRUCT MACH JI Mech. Struct. Mach. PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 BP 23 EP 35 DI 10.1080/08905459908915687 PG 13 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 172ZX UT WOS:000078957400002 ER PT S AU Shumaker, DJ McNitt-Gray, MF Kimme-Smith, C Farahani, K AF Shumaker, DJ McNitt-Gray, MF Kimme-Smith, C Farahani, K BE Boone, JM Dobbins, JT TI Effect of pitch, collimation and reconstruction interval on low contrast detectability in spiral computed tomography SO MEDICAL IMAGING 1999: PHYSICS OF MEDICAL IMAGING, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 1999 Conference CY FEB 21-25, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, Amer Physiol Soc, FDA Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Mfg Assoc/Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol DE spiral CT; contrast to noise ratio; low contrast; pitch; collimation; reconstruction interval ID BREATH-HOLD TECHNIQUE; VOLUMETRIC CT; SENSITIVITY PROFILES; HELICAL CT; NOISE AB Image quality characteristics of spiral CT are similar to conventional CT except for image noise and slice sensitivity profile. While these factors have been studied for high contrast, low contrast detectability in spiral CT has not yet been fully explored. Low contrast simulations that have been performed demonstrate the behavior of contrast sensitivity as related to the parameters of pitch, collimation, size of the object, alignment between the object and reconstructed slice, and reconstruction algorithm. The effect of spiral CT parameters on contrast to noise ratio (CNR), one component of low contrast detectability, is the focus of this study. A 9.5mm diameter object was scanned using different collimations and pitches and reconstructed with different intervals. Results showed that low contrast detectability is optimized with collimations 7mm and 10mm at a pitch of 1 and the lowest CNR values were at a 1mm collimation. A pitch of 1 had the highest CNR values while a pitch of 3 had the lowest CNR values. For similar table speeds selection of a lower pitch will improve CNR. The effect of object-slice alignment on CNR indicates no significant difference at a pitch of 3, but it had the lowest CNR values. For a pitch of 1 or 2, a small reconstruction interval is preferred over a large reconstruction interval. C1 USN, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Shumaker, DJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3131-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3659 BP 603 EP 614 DI 10.1117/12.349539 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BN32Q UT WOS:000081632400061 ER PT S AU Last, HR Dudley, B Wood, R AF Last, HR Dudley, B Wood, R BE Lawton, RA Miller, WM Lin, G Ramesham, R TI MEMS reliability, process monitoring and quality assurance SO MEMS RELIABILITY FOR CRITICAL AND SPACE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Reliability for Critical and Space Applications CY SEP 21-22, 1999 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, SolidState Technol, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Inst Sand & Technol, Sandia Natl Labs, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Reliabil Engn Assoc Japan DE reliability; process monitoring; quality assurance; mechanical properties; material characterization; and LIGA AB The reliability of a MEMS-based system depends on the producibility and environmental stability of the MEMS components as well as other components within the system. This article will focus on MEMS components in a sacrificial LIGA MEMS-based Safety & Arming (S&A) system. The process monitoring and quality assurance methods under development for LIGA MEMS S&A components are presented. These methods include techniques to study: (1) process bias, (2) material microstructure and mechanical properties, (3) mechanical response of spring-supported structures, and (4) actuator performance. Characterization of the as-produced components and materials serve as the starting point for future studies of reliability of LIGA MEMS components and systems. The utilization of several process monitoring and quality assurance methods in future reliability studies is discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Last, HR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code 420, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3477-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3880 BP 140 EP 147 DI 10.1117/12.359363 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BP12V UT WOS:000084201200017 ER PT J AU Gaudett, MA Scully, JR AF Gaudett, MA Scully, JR TI Part I - the effects of pre-dissolved hydrogen on cleavage and grain boundary fracture initiation in metastable beta Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; EMBRITTLEMENT; TEMPERATURE; STRESS; STRENGTH; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; DIFFUSION; PASSIVITY; CRACKING AB The effects of electrochemically pre-dissolved hydrogen on room-temperature fracture initiation in Beta-C titanium (Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr wt pct) have been investigated using circumferentially notched tensile specimens. Finite element-based analysis of notch stress fields was used to define relationships between the local threshold stress for crack initiation vs total internal hydrogen concentration. The as-received, solution heat treated (ST, sigma(y.2) pct = 865 MPa) and the ST + peak-aged conditions (STA, sigma(y.2%) pct = 1260 MPa) were compared after defining the relationships between the fracture process zone hydrogen concentration; hydrogen-metal interactions (i.e., hydrostatic stress held occlusion, trapping, hydriding), and the resulting fracture initiation behavior of each. Solutionized + peak-aged (beta + alpha) Beta-C fractured intergranularly above total hydrogen concentrations of similar to 1000 wt ppm. (5.1 at. pct). A fracture mode consistent with cleavage occurred at similar to 2100 wt ppm. (10.7 at. pct). Solutionized Beta-C resisted hydrogen-assisted cracking (e.g., did not crack intergranularly) but was not immune; cleavage cracking was provoked at similar to 4000 wt ppm. (20.4 at. pct). Cold-worked ST Beta-C (CW, sigma(y.2) pct = 1107 MPa) did not crack intergranularly; fracture initiation behavior was similar to the ST condition regardless of specimen orientation. This suggests that high yield strength alone does not account for the susceptibility to intergranular cracking observed in the STA beta + alpha condition. Stroke-rate studies and X-ray diffraction investigation of H partitioning suggests that equilibrium hydriding and/or irreversible trapping does not singularly control intergranular fracture initiation of the STA condition. Fractographic evidence and finite element results show that a finite plastic zone exists prior to intergranular fracture of the STA condition. This suggests that a criterion for fracture that incorporates plastic strain and stress should be considered. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Gaudett, MA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 71 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1 BP 65 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s11661-999-0196-4 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 154CT UT WOS:000077871500006 ER PT J AU Van Buren, AL Drake, RM Paolero, AE AF Van Buren, AL Drake, RM Paolero, AE TI Temperature dependence of the sensitivity of hydrophone standards used in international comparisons SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article AB International comparison calibrations of hydrophone standards often involve the use of facilities with different water temperatures. Accurate comparison of the sensitivity values obtained in the different facilities then requires correction for the temperature dependence of the sensitivity. A hydrophone standard suitable for comparison calibrations was calibrated at temperatures from 5 degrees C to 35 degrees C in 5 degrees C steps. The calibrations were performed over the frequency range 5 kHz to 100 kHz in the Acoustic Pressure Tank Facility at the Underwater Sound Reference Division. The measured temperature dependence is much more complex than expected. Results are presented together with a discussion of possible contributions to this complexity. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Underwater Sound Reference Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Van Buren, AL (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Underwater Sound Reference Div, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 1999 VL 36 IS 4 BP 281 EP 285 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 284HE UT WOS:000085325500006 ER PT J AU Zalesak, JF AF Zalesak, JF TI Considerations for a new high-accuracy transfer-coupler reciprocity system for absolute electro-acoustic calibration SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article AB A new, closed-chamber, reciprocity technique for determining the free-field voltage sensitivity of hydrophones to a very high accuracy has been described in a previous publication by the author. The subject of the current paper is a detailed uncertainty analysis for a proposed system based on this new technique. This system, which is under development, will have an overall uncertainty of 0.1 dB in the measurement of the free-field voltage sensitivity of hydrophones. All significant uncertainties are analysed and a realistic choice of individual uncertainties is made to achieve the target uncertainty. Design implications as a result of the uncertainty choices are indicated. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Underwater Sound Reference Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Zalesak, JF (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Underwater Sound Reference Div, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 1999 VL 36 IS 4 BP 305 EP 311 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/36/4/9 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 284HE UT WOS:000085325500009 ER PT B AU Allen, D AF Allen, D GP NCSL/NIST NCSL/NIST NCSL/NIST TI When using a spreadsheet to model measurement reliability be sure of your parametric a, b, c's SO METROLOGY - AT THE THRESHOLD OF THE CENTURY ARE WE READY? LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Workshop and Symposium on Metrology - At the Threshold of the Century are we Ready CY JUL 11-15, 1999 CL CHARLOTTE, NC C1 USN, Warfare Assessment Stn, Corona, CA USA. RP Allen, D (reprint author), USN, Warfare Assessment Stn, Corona, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CONFERENCE STANDARDS LAB PI BOULDER PA 1800 30TH STREET, SUITE 305B, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA PY 1999 BP 919 EP 919 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BP60M UT WOS:000085623700113 ER PT S AU Steeds, JW Charles, SJ Butler, JE AF Steeds, JW Charles, SJ Butler, JE BE Cullis, AG Beanland, R TI Planar, linear and point defects in high purity CVD diamond SO MICROSCOPY OF SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS 1999, PROCEEDINGS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials CY MAR 22-25, 1999 CL UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Inst Phys, Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp, Royal Microscop Soc, Mat Res Soc, Hitachi Sci Instruments Ltd, JEOL (UK) Ltd, FEI Ltd HO UNIV OXFORD AB Planar and linear defects in thick CVD diamond specimens have been studied by laser cutting cross-sections prior to reactive ion etching to electron transparency. Undoped samples reveal nano-twins and microscopic precipitates in bands located near the columnar grain boundaries. Boron doped samples show relatively defect-free grain boundary regions and on a macroscopic scale, grain boundaries that are rather accurately parallel to the growth direction. In detail, many of these boundaries reveal localised stress and undulatory character depending on the relative grain misorientations and the grain boundary planes. The boron doped samples have also been investigated by micro-Raman spectroscopy and high spatial resolution imaging SIMS to reveal gross inhomogeneities of the boron distribution from one grain to another. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0650-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1999 IS 164 BP 85 EP 88 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BR57G UT WOS:000166835300017 ER PT S AU Twigg, ME Henry, RL Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Fatemi, M Culbertson, JC AF Twigg, ME Henry, RL Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Fatemi, M Culbertson, JC BE Cullis, AG Beanland, R TI The structure of GaN films grown on a-plane sapphire by MOCVD SO MICROSCOPY OF SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS 1999, PROCEEDINGS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials CY MAR 22-25, 1999 CL UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Inst Phys, Electron Microscopy & Analy Grp, Royal Microscop Soc, Mat Res Soc, Hitachi Sci Instruments Ltd, JEOL (UK) Ltd, FEI Ltd HO UNIV OXFORD AB Using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM), we have determined the structure of GaN films grown on a-plane sapphire by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). We have assessed the effects of substrate nitridation and vicinality, reactor pressure, and multiple nucleation layers on grain size and orientation as well as on dislocation density. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Twigg, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0650-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1999 IS 164 BP 367 EP 370 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BR57G UT WOS:000166835300078 ER PT S AU Romero, MJ Walters, RJ Araujo, D Messenger, SR Summers, GP Garcia, R AF Romero, MJ Walters, RJ Araujo, D Messenger, SR Summers, GP Garcia, R BE Cullis, AG Beanland, R TI Effect of proton irradiation on the spatial defect distribution of n(+)-p InP/Si solar cells SO MICROSCOPY OF SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS 1999, PROCEEDINGS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials CY MAR 22-25, 1999 CL UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Inst Phys, Electron Microscopy & Analy Grp, Royal Microscop Soc, Mat Res Soc, Hitachi Sci Instruments Ltd, JEOL (UK) Ltd, FEI Ltd HO UNIV OXFORD ID THERMAL ANNEALED INP; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB For satellite communication systems the optimum orbits can be those in the 2,000 to 10,000 km range, known as medium earth orbits(MEOs). In these orbits, reliable satellite power generation is a critical need because the solar cells degrade their performance under the impact of high energy particle radiation (electrons and protons) in the space environment. Recently, n(+)-p InP/Si solar cells have been reported to be extremely radiation tolerant. We examine here the effect of proton irradiation on the spatial defect distribution of these cells making use of the cathodoluminescence (CL) technique. The CL data are discussed in terms of the displacement damage dose formulation of Summers et al (1995) and is then applicable to a wide energy spectrum of protons. The radiation-induced deactivation of Zn accepters in the base region is shown by analysis of the CL spectra. C1 Univ Cadiz, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ciencia Mat & IM & QI, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Romero, MJ (reprint author), Univ Cadiz, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ciencia Mat & IM & QI, Apdo 40, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0650-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1999 IS 164 BP 673 EP 676 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BR57G UT WOS:000166835300143 ER PT J AU Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK Ito, SI Le, AT AF Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK Ito, SI Le, AT TI Epidemiology of illness and injury among US Navy and Marine Corps female training populations SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PYOGENES INFECTION; PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; DESERT-STORM; RISK-FACTORS; RECRUITS; STRESS; MUSCULOSKELETAL; PROPHYLAXIS; MORBIDITY; SYMPTOMS AB Evidence suggests that female military populations are at greater risk than their male counterparts for certain training- and combat-related illnesses and injuries. The objective of this prospective, multisite, epidemiological study was to define the patterns of illness and injury in military women during training. We developed a computer-based outpatient tracking system for prospective data correction of all outpatient encounters for use at (1) Officer Candidate School (OCS), Quantico; (2) Marine Corps Recruit Depot (MCRD), Parris Island; and (3) Recruit Training Command (RTC), Great Lakes. During the study period, 85.8% of OCS candidates (260 of 303), 72.4% of MCRD recruits (2,002 of 2,766), and 83.4% of RTC recruits (7,395 of 8,865) had at least one medical encounter during training. The most common category of medical encounters at all three sites was musculoskeletal. injury, followed by respiratory and dermatological disorders. This study establishes high morbidity rates and identifies medical priorities for preventive interventions in Marine Corps and Navy female trainees. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Sci, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Shaffer, RA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Sci, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 26 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 164 IS 1 BP 17 EP 21 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 157HH UT WOS:000078055200005 PM 9922638 ER PT J AU Stricker, LJ Alderton, DL AF Stricker, LJ Alderton, DL TI Using response latency measures for a biographical inventory SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSONALITY; ITEM; MMPI; SELF; VALIDITY AB This study assessed the usefulness of response latency data for biographical inventory items in enhancing the inventory's validity. The Armed Services Applicant Profile (ASAP) was administered by computer to Navy recruits, and the regular score, latency-weighted scores, and measures of deviant latencies were obtained. The latency-weighted scores did not improve the ASAP's validity in predicting 6-month retention, when used instead of or in addition to the regular score, and the deviant latency measures did not function as suppressor or moderator variables to increase the ASAP's validity. However, subgroups of items with differing latencies varied systematically in their internal-consistency reliability (with increased reliability for subgroups with shorter latencies), and a small subgroup of items with moderate latencies was almost as valid as the regular score, suggesting that latency data may be useful in writing and selecting inventory items. C1 Educ Testing Serv, Princeton, NJ 08541 USA. USN, Ctr Personnel Res & Dev, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Stricker, LJ (reprint author), Educ Testing Serv, 17R, Princeton, NJ 08541 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1999 VL 11 IS 2 BP 169 EP 188 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1102_3 PG 20 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 208XL UT WOS:000081017200003 ER PT J AU Dwyer, DJ Oser, RL Salas, E Fowlkes, JE AF Dwyer, DJ Oser, RL Salas, E Fowlkes, JE TI Performance measurement in distributed environments: Initial results and implications for training SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Training Equipment Conference CY APR, 1996 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS AB Advances in telecommunications and simulation technologies have created opportunities for conducting distributed team training through networked simulations. In distributed team training, in which simulators may be geographically dispersed, military teams train together in the same battlespace despite the physical separation. In these types of training environments, multiple users are located at multiple sites; consequently, the efficient and effective conduct of training is a challenge. One area that is particularly challenging is the measurement of team performance. Two case studies are reported in which team performance measurement instruments were developed and tested in a distributed training environment. The measurement tools were designed within the context of an instructional approach known as event-based training, which relies on the creation of explicit linkages among learning objectives, exercise events, performance measures, and after-action review or feedback. Active duty, re serve, and National Guard personnel from the Marine Corps, Air Force, and Army participated in several days of training exercises conducted within a network of simulators that were geographically distributed across the United States. The development and use of the measurement instruments are described, data from both case studies are presented, and implications for training are discussed. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. Summit Technol Inc, Orlando, FL USA. RP Salas, E (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr Training Syst Div, Code 4961,12350 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1999 VL 11 IS 2 BP 189 EP 215 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1102_4 PG 27 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 208XL UT WOS:000081017200004 ER PT J AU Lall, R Bongar, B Johnson, WB Jain, VK Mittauer, MW AF Lall, R Bongar, B Johnson, WB Jain, VK Mittauer, MW TI Efficacy of the millon clinical multiaxial inventory-II in discriminating mental health patients with and without suicidal ideation SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MCMI-II; PERSONALITY-DISORDERS; STANDARDS; PERSONNEL; BEHAVIOR; MILITARY; CARE AB A total of 42 mental health clinic patients with suicidal ideation and 89 patients without suicidal ideation were administered the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II; Millon, 1987). All participants were active duty military personnel. A total of 15 MCMI-II scale elevations were significantly different between the 2 groups. A pair of discriminant analyses, the ist utilizing all 25 MCMI-II scales, and the 2nd with only the 13 MCMI-II personality scales, produced correct classification rates of 80.92% and 75.57%, respectively. A total of 6 of 7 MCMI-II "suicide" items significantly differentiated suicidal ideation and nonsuicidal ideation groups. Results of this study offer initial support for the utility of the MCMI-II as a potential screening device for suicidal ideation. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Pacific Grad Sch Psychol, Palo Alto, CA USA. Kahi Mohala Psychiat Hosp, Honolulu, HI USA. Pensacola Naval Hosp, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B,112 Cooper Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1999 VL 11 IS 4 BP 423 EP 432 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1104_5 PG 10 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 267YC UT WOS:000084386000005 ER PT J AU Corson, MS Freebersyser, JA Sastry, A AF Corson, MS Freebersyser, JA Sastry, A TI Untitled SO MOBILE NETWORKS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. Army Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Rockwell Int Sci Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Corson, MS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-469X J9 MOBILE NETW APPL JI Mobile Netw. Appl. PY 1999 VL 4 IS 3 BP 137 EP 138 DI 10.1023/A:1019142730539 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 247UT UT WOS:000083239400001 ER PT S AU Ladner, R Abdelguerfi, M Shaw, K AF Ladner, R Abdelguerfi, M Shaw, K BE Faust, NL Kessinger, S TI A framework for 3d synthetic environment construction and rendering SO MODELING, SIMULATION, AND VISUALIZATION FOR REAL AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Simulation, and Visualization for Real and Virtual Environments CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE standards for spatial databases; VPF extension; VPF plus; non-manifold; synthetic environment; VRML; object oriented AB The Naval Research Laboratory's Digital Mapping, Charting, and Geodesy Analysis Program (DMAP) is investigating the extension of the National Imagery and Mapping Agency's (NIMA) Vector Product Format (VPF) to handle a wide range of non-manifold 3D objects for modeling and simulation. The extended VPF, referred to as VPF+, makes use of a non-manifold data structure for modeling 3D synthetic environments. The data structure uses a boundary representation (B-rep) method. B-rep models 3D objects by describing them in terms of their bounding entities and by topologically orienting them in a manner that enables the distinction between the object's interior and exterior. Consistent with B-rep, the representational scheme of the proposed data structure includes both topologic and geometric information. The topologic information encompasses the adjacencies involved in 3D manifold and non-manifold objects, and is described using a new, extended Winged-Edge data structure. This data structure is referred to as "Non-Manifold 3D Winged-Edge Topology". VPF+ also adds a new simple feature class of dimension three, referred to as 3D_Object Feature. VPF+ is being prototyped in a Web-based virtual reality application. Functionality includes the ability to walk through or fly over the terrain, to move around objects, to enter buildings, display near plans, etc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ladner, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3168-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3694 BP 4 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.354465 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BN68T UT WOS:000082586700001 ER PT J AU Lahti, PM Esat, B Ferrer, JR Liu, YB Marby, KA Xie, CP George, C Antorrena, G Palacio, F AF Lahti, PM Esat, B Ferrer, JR Liu, YB Marby, KA Xie, CP George, C Antorrena, G Palacio, F TI Polymeric, H-bonded, and chelatable phenoxyl and nitroxide radicals SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Molecule Base Magnets (ICMM 98) CY SEP 12-17, 1998 CL SEIGNOSSE, FRANCE SP univ Bordeaux, Ctr Natl Rech Scientif, Conseil Reg Aquitaine, European Sci Fdn, Gordon & Breach Sci Publishers, Journal Mat Chem, Oxford Instrumentd, France, Manics DE hydrogen-bonding; magnetism; phenoxyl; nitroxide; polyradical ID EXCHANGE INTERACTION; SPIN; SYSTEMS AB Various examples are described of a multi-strategy approach to improvement of multispin exchange design. For example, H-bonded benzimidazole 4-t-butylnitroxide shows apparent simple planar 2D-type interaction, with a Weiss constant of theta = -4.24 K and an intraplane exchange interaction of J = -1.60 K. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. RP Lahti, PM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RI Palacio, Fernando/A-1270-2013 OI Palacio, Fernando/0000-0002-6403-7270 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1999 VL 334 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1080/10587259908023326 PG 10 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 251ML UT WOS:000083449400031 ER PT J AU Bressanini, D Reynolds, PJ AF Bressanini, D Reynolds, PJ TI Between classical and quantum Monte Carlo methods: "Variational" QMC SO MONTE CARLO METHODS IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS SE ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ELECTRON CORRELATION; SMALL MOLECULES; CLUSTERS; ATOMS; OPTIMIZATION; SIMULATION; H-2 C1 Univ Milan, Ist Sci Matemat Fis & Chim, I-22100 Como, Italy. Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Bressanini, D (reprint author), Univ Milan, Ist Sci Matemat Fis & Chim, Sede Como, I-22100 Como, Italy. NR 55 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0065-2385 J9 ADV CHEM PHYS PY 1999 VL 105 BP 37 EP 64 DI 10.1002/9780470141649.ch3 PG 28 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BM11F UT WOS:000077656300003 ER PT J AU Chen, JM Elsberry, RL Boothe, MA Carr, LE AF Chen, JM Elsberry, RL Boothe, MA Carr, LE TI A simple statistical-synoptic track prediction technique for western North Pacific tropical cyclones SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article AB A simple statistical-synoptic technique for tropical cyclone (TC) track forecasting to 72 h in the western North Pacific is derived. This technique applies to the standard (S) pattern/dominant ridge region (S/DR) and poleward/poleward-oriented (P/PO) combinations, which are the two most common and represent about 73% of all situations. Only eight predictors that involve present and past 12-h and 24-h positions, intensity;, and date are used. The track predictions are simple to calculate and understand; are available in near-real Lime each 6 h; apply at all intensities, as compared to the complex global or regional dynamical model predictions that are only available each 12 h at about 3-4 h after synoptic time; are not calculated for weak TCs; and tend to have accurate predictions only for tropical storm stage and above. The statistical-synoptic technique for S/DR cases has an improvement (skirr) relative to the operational climatology and persistence (WPCLPR) technique of 12% after 12 h and 24% after 72 h if the TC remains in the S/DR pattern/region for the entire 72 h. The statistical-synoptic technique for P/PO cases have an improvement relative to WPCLPR of 11% after 12 h and about 13% for 72-h forecasts if the TC remains in P/PO for the entire 72 h. Assuming a perfect knowledge of the S/DR to P/PO and P/PO to S/DR transitions, a simple blending of a composite post-transition track with the statistical-synoptic technique is tested. For the 72-h forecasts initiated 12 h before the S/DR to P/PO transition, the statistical-synoptic track error is about 290 n mi (537 km) compared to 410 n mi (759 km) for WPCLPR. For corresponding P/PO to S/DR transition, the statistical-synoptic technique 72-h error is 215 n mi (398 km) compared to about 485 n mi (898 km) for WPCLPR. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR-ES,589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 127 IS 1 BP 89 EP 102 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<0089:ASSSTP>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155ZP UT WOS:000077977200006 ER PT J AU Cao, XA Ren, F Lothian, JR Pearton, SJ Abernathy, CR Zolper, JC Cole, MW Zeitouny, A Eizenberg, M Shul, RJ AF Cao, XA Ren, F Lothian, JR Pearton, SJ Abernathy, CR Zolper, JC Cole, MW Zeitouny, A Eizenberg, M Shul, RJ TI Behavior of W and WSix contact metallization on n- and p- type GaN SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OHMIC CONTACTS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-STABILITY; GALLIUM NITRIDE; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; FILMS AB Sputter-deposited W-based contacts on p-GaN (N(A)similar to 10(18) cm(-3)) display non-ohmic behavior independent of annealing temperature when measured at 25 degrees C. The transition to ohmic behavior occurs above similar to 250 degrees C as more of the accepters become ionized. The optimum annealing temperature is similar to 700 degrees C under these conditions. These contacts are much more thermally stable than the conventional Ni/Au metallization, which shows a severely degraded morphology even at 700 degrees C. W-based contacts may be ohmic as-deposited on very heavily doped n-GaN, and the specific contact resistance improves with annealing up to similar to 900 degrees C. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Multiplex Inc, S Plainfield, NJ 07080 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21105 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cao, XA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 1999 VL 4 SU 1 BP art. no. EP G6.39 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 185QC UT WOS:000079680200108 ER PT J AU Kennedy, TA Glaser, ER Carlos, WE Ruden, PP Nakamura, S AF Kennedy, TA Glaser, ER Carlos, WE Ruden, PP Nakamura, S TI Symmetry of electrons and holes in lightly photo-excited InGaN LEDs SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DETECTED MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; VALENCE-BAND SPLITTINGS; EMITTING-DIODES; QUANTUM-WELLS; GAN; SPECTROSCOPY; ALN AB The symmetry of the recombining electrons and holes in lightly photo-excited InGaN LEDs revealed through ODMR is related to the physical structure, band structure and defects present. Calculations of the electron-g within the k.p formalism give the average shift from the free-electron value for GaN but are not fully reconciled with the anisotropy. This theory is also extended to InGaN alloys for both pseudomorphic and relaxed layers. The average shift is close to the experimental values for the green LED. The strongly reduced hole anisotropies seen experimentally are explained by a recently published theory for accepters in GaN. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Nichia Chem Ind Ltd, Dept Res & Dev, Tokushima, Japan. RP Kennedy, TA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 1999 VL 4 SU 1 BP art. no. EP G7.4 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 185QC UT WOS:000079680200126 ER PT J AU Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL Twigg, ME Culbertson, JC Gorman, RJ AF Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL Twigg, ME Culbertson, JC Gorman, RJ TI Enhanced GaN decomposition at MOVPE pressures SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; THERMAL-STABILITY; BUFFER LAYERS; THIN-FILMS; SURFACE; SAPPHIRE; GROWTH; MORPHOLOGY; KINETICS AB GaN decomposition was studied above 800 degrees C in flowing H-2 and N-2 for pressures ranging from 10 to 700 torr. From careful weighings of the GaN film on sapphire before and after annealing, the rates for GaN decomposition, Ga surface accumulation, and Ga desorption were obtained. An enhancement in the GaN decomposition rate was observed in H-2 pressures greater than 100 torr. Even with this enhanced GaN decomposition, the Ga desorption rate is nearly constant at higher pressures. As a result, Ga droplets accumulate on the surface. For N-2 pressures ranging from 76 to 400 torr no net enhancement in the GaN decomposition rate is observed and the GaN decomposition rate is reduced compared to identical annealing conditions in H-2. This suggests that a is acting chemically to reduce the barrier for GaN decomposition. This may occur through a surface mediated dissociation of a followed by the formation of more mobile and volatile hydrogenated N and Ga species. The significance of this study for GaN growth is that by increasing the GaN decomposition, the Ga atoms diffuse farther and subsequently reincorporate into the growing lattice, increasing the GaN crystal quality. Connections between the enhanced GaN decomposition rate and the coalescing of nucleation layer during the ramp to high temperature and the consequences for the high temperature growth are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Koleske, DD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6800, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 1999 VL 4 SU 1 BP art. no. EP G3.70 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 185QC UT WOS:000079680200059 ER PT J AU Ruden, PP Albrecht, JD Sutandi, A Binari, SC Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Ancona, MG Henry, RL Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE AF Ruden, PP Albrecht, JD Sutandi, A Binari, SC Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Ancona, MG Henry, RL Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE TI Extrinsic performance limitations of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistors SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEVICE AB Extrinsic effects on the DC output characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HFETs with 1 mu m gate lengths are examined. The devices investigated were fabricated on MOCVD-grown AlGaN/GaN heterostructures on sapphire substrates. An analytical model that takes into account parasitic resistances and thermal effects is constructed, and its results are compared with experimental data. With parameters determined from characterization experiments on the same wafer and from independent theoretical results, the agreement between the data and the model predictions is found to be very good. The model is then applied to performance predictions for devices with improved series resistances and heat sinking. C1 Univ Minnesota, ECE Dept, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ruden, PP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, ECE Dept, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 1999 VL 4 SU 1 BP art. no. EP G6.35 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 185QC UT WOS:000079680200107 ER PT J AU Cao, XA Pearton, SJ Singh, RK Abernathy, CR Han, J Shul, RJ Rieger, DJ Zolper, JC Wilson, RG Fu, M Sekhar, JA Guo, HJ Pennycook, SJ AF Cao, XA Pearton, SJ Singh, RK Abernathy, CR Han, J Shul, RJ Rieger, DJ Zolper, JC Wilson, RG Fu, M Sekhar, JA Guo, HJ Pennycook, SJ TI Rapid thermal processing of implanted GaN up to 1500 degrees C SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ION-IMPLANTATION; SI-IMPLANTATION; TEMPERATURE; DEFECTS AB GaN implanted with donor(Si, S, Se, Te) or acceptor (Be, Mg, C) species was annealed at 900-1500 degrees C using AlN encapsulation. No redistribution was measured by SIMS for any of the dopants and effective diffusion coefficients are less than or equal to 2x10(-13) cm(2) . s(-1) at 1400 degrees C, except Be, which displays damage-enhanced diffusion at 900 degrees C and is immobile once the point defect concentration is removed. Activation efficiency of similar to 90% is obtained for Si at 1400 degrees C. TEM of the implanted material shows a strong reduction in lattice disorder at 1400-1500 degrees C compared to previous results at 1100 degrees C. There is minimal interaction of the sputtered AlN with GaN under our conditions, and it is readily removed selectively with KOH. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Micropyret Heaters Int Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cao, XA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 1999 VL 4 SU 1 AR G6.33 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 185QC UT WOS:000079680200106 ER PT J AU Lee, SM Lee, YH Hwang, YG Elsner, J Porezag, D Frauenheim, T AF Lee, SM Lee, YH Hwang, YG Elsner, J Porezag, D Frauenheim, T TI GaN nanotubes SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; CATALYTIC GROWTH; GALLIUM NITRIDE; BORON-NITRIDE; LAYERS AB We perform parametrized density-functional calculations to predict the stability and formation mechanism of GaN nanotubes. Strain energies of GaN nanotubes are comparable to those of carbon nanotubes, suggesting the possibility for the formation of GaN nanotubes. We note that an intermediate phase with [4,6,10] polygons exist at armchair tube edge, which may play as a nucleation seed of further tube growth. C1 Jeonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. Jeonbuk Natl Univ, Semicond Phys Res Ctr, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. Jeonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Semicond Sci & Technol, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. Wonkwang Univ, Dept Phys, Iksan 570749, South Korea. Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Fachbereich Phys, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, SM (reprint author), Jeonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. EM leeyh@sprc2.chonbuk.ac.kr RI Frauenheim, Thomas/C-5653-2015; Lee, Young Hee/A-5424-2013 OI Frauenheim, Thomas/0000-0002-3073-0616; NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 1999 VL 4 SU 1 AR G6.3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 185QC UT WOS:000079680200087 ER PT S AU Broussard, PR Cestone, VC AF Broussard, PR Cestone, VC BE Hawley, ME Blank, DHA Eom, CB Schlom, DG Streiffer, SK TI Anomalous behavior of peak resistance temperature for low x in as-deposited La1-xCaxMnO3 films on NdGaO3 and SrTiO3 substrates SO MULTICOMPONENT OXIDE FILMS FOR ELECTRONICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium BB on Multicomponent Oxide Films for Electronics, at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 06-08, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Argonne Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Digital Instruments Inc ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; GROWTH AB We have grown thin films of La1-xCaxMnO3 using off-axis cosputtering for x less than or equal to 1/3 onto (001) NdGaO3 and (100) SrTiO3 substrates from individual targets of LaMnO3 and La2/3Ca1/3MnO3. As-deposiied films of La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 on NdGaO3 have a peak resistance temperature of approximate to 260 K. We see a difference in the peak temperature between the two types of substrates of approximate to 15K, with samples on NdGaO3 having higher peak temperatures. As the value of x is reduced from 1/3, the peak resistance temperature decreases until x approximate to 0.15, when the peak temperature has an upturn. Even down to x=0 we still observe a metal-insulator transition (at 185 K) for films on NdGaO3, while samples on SrTiO3 show only activated behavior. We also find a scaling relationship between the peak temperature and the resistivity activation energy of the films. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Broussard, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6342, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-481-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 574 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BN91P UT WOS:000083461400026 ER PT S AU Marini, AM Ueda, Y June, CH AF Marini, AM Ueda, Y June, CH BE Trembly, B Slikker, W TI Intracellular survival pathways against glutamate receptor agonist excitotoxicity in cultured neurons - Intracellular calcium responses SO NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS: FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Neuroprotective Agents - Clinical and Experimental Aspects CY NOV 15-19, 1998 CL ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND SP US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr ID CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; AMINO-ACID RECEPTORS; HIPPOCAMPAL PYRAMIDAL CELLS; MOUSE CENTRAL NEURONS; SPINAL-CORD NEURONS; MEMBRANE DEPOLARIZATION; ACTIVATED CHANNELS; CYTOSOLIC CALCIUM; INDUCED RELEASE AB Cultured rat cerebellar granule cells are resistant to the excitotoxic effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptor agonists under three conditions: 1) prior to day seven in vitro when cultured in depolarizing concentrations of potassium [25 mM]; 2) at any time in vitro when cultured in non-depolarizing concentrations of potassium [5 mM]; and 3) When neurons, cultured in depolarizing concentrations of potassium [25 mM] for eight days in vitro, are pretreated with a subtoxic concentration of NMDA. The focus of this paper is to determine: a) whether the resistance to excitotoxicity by NMDA and non-NMDA receptor agonists is due to a decreased intracellular calcium [Ca++](i) response to glutamate receptor agonists in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells; or b) whether [Ca++](i) levels induced by the agonists are similar to those observed under excitotoxic conditions. Granule cells, matured in non-depolarizing growth medium, treated with glutamate resulted in an increase in [Ca++](i) followed by a plateau that remained above baseline in virtually all neurons that responded to glutamate, The response was rapid in onset (<10 sec) and the pattern of response heterogeneous in that tells responsive to glutamate increased their [Ca++](i) to different extents; some cells did not respond to glutamate, Kainate also produced significant elevations in [Ca++](i). The [Ca++](i) response to glutamate in neurons matured in depolarizing (25 mM K+) growth medium for three days was rapid, transient and heterogeneous, which reached a plateau that was elevated above baseline levels; removing the glutamate markedly reduced the [Ca++](i) concentration. Activation of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionoic acid (AMPA)/kainate receptors by kainic acid produced similar changes in [Ca++](i) responses. At a time when cultured cerebellar granule cells become susceptible to the excitotoxic effects of glutamate acting at NMDA receptors (day in vitro (DIV) 8) depolarizing growth medium, glutamate elicited [Ca++](i) responses similar to those observed at a culture time when the neurons are not susceptible to the excitotoxic effects of glutamate (DIV 3), Pretreatment of the cultured neurons with a subtoxic concentration of NMDA, which protects all neurons against the excitotoxic effects of glutamate, did not alter the maximal [Ca++](i) elicited by an excitotoxic concentration of glutamate. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Immune Cell Biol Program, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Marini, AM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 59 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-222-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1999 VL 890 BP 421 EP 437 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08021.x PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BP50F UT WOS:000085330700039 PM 10668447 ER PT B AU Chang, LW Moskowitz, IS AF Chang, LW Moskowitz, IS GP ACM ACM TI Parsimonious downgrading and decision trees applied to the inference problem SO NEW SECURITY PARADIGMS WOEKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th New Security Paradigms Workshop CY SEP 22-25, 1998 CL CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA SP Assoc Comp Mach Special Interest Grp Security, Audit & Control DE data mining; inference; downgrading; rules AB In this paper we present our new paradigm for dealing with the inference problem which arises from downgrading. Our new paradigm has two main parts: the application of decision tree analysis to the inference problem, and the concept of parsimonious downgrading. We also include a new thermodynamically motivated way of dealing with the deduction of inference rules from partial data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chang, LW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Mail Code 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-168-2 PY 1999 BP 82 EP 89 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN41S UT WOS:000081877800009 ER PT B AU Danzig, RJ AF Danzig, RJ BE Drell, SD Sofaer, AD Wilson, GD TI Two incidents and the NEW containment SO NEW TERROR: FACING THE THREAT OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WEAPONS SE HOOVER NATIONAL SECURITY FORUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biological and Chemical Weapons CY NOV 16-18, 1998 CL STANFORD UNIV, HOOVER INST, STANFORD, CA SP Stanford Univ, Hoover Inst HO STANFORD UNIV, HOOVER INST C1 US Dept Def, USN, Washington, DC 20305 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HOOVER INST PRESS PI STANFORD PA STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA 94305-6010 USA BN 0-8179-9701-6 J9 HOOVER NATL SECUR FO PY 1999 BP 335 EP 347 PG 13 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BQ06U UT WOS:000087044700013 ER PT S AU Testor, G Rola, CS Whiting, AB AF Testor, G Rola, CS Whiting, AB BE Chu, YH Suntzeff, NB Hesser, JE Bohlender, DA TI The compact HII regions N11A and N88A in the LMC and SMC SO NEW VIEWS OF THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 190th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 12-17, 1998 CL VICTORIA, CANADA SP Int Astron Union, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Natl Res Council ID H-II REGIONS; MAGELLANIC CLOUDS AB Several spectra have been obtained in the 3600-10000 Angstrom. range, for the HII regions N11A and N88A in the LMC and SMC, respectively. The spectral type of their exciting star was determined and from the emission-line intensities we have derived the gas electron density and temperature, and computed the chemical abundances of He, O, N, Ne, S, and Ar. These abundances are then compared with the ones found for other HII regions in the Magellanic Clouds. C1 Observ Meudon, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Testor, G (reprint author), Observ Meudon, F-92195 Meudon, France. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-021-8 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1999 IS 190 BP 132 EP 133 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU32Y UT WOS:000175704600034 ER PT B AU DeGiorgi, VG Zvonar, G Lindner, DK AF DeGiorgi, VG Zvonar, G Lindner, DK BE Hagood, NW Atalla, MJ TI Integrated model for prediction of composite smart material characteristics SO NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Adaptive Structures and Technologies CY OCT 14-16, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Act Mat & Struct Lab, USAF, Off Sci Res AB An integrated modeling approach that utilizes structural finite element and dynamic modeling is demonstrated for a smart panel designed for acoustic quieting. Device characteristics of interest are not the isolated performance of the panel or support structure but are the performance of the panel mounted on the support structure, Mass and stiffness characteristics of the support structure are calculated by finite element techniques and are used as input to the dynamic model, Natural frequency modes are calculated using the finite element model and the dynamic model enhanced by use of finite element mass and stiffness matrices. Headmass velocities required for derivation of control algorithms are not available from the finite element results and are calculated from the dynamic model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-755-5 PY 1999 BP 339 EP 348 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BP99T UT WOS:000086846600032 ER PT S AU Roberson, CW AF Roberson, CW BE Bollinger, JJ Spencer, RL Davidson, RC TI Non-neutral plasma physics III - Foreword SO NON-NEUTRAL PLASMA PHYSICS III SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Non-Neutral Plasma Physics CY AUG 02-05, 1999 CL PRINCETON UNIV, PRINCETON, NJ SP USN, Off Res, US DOE, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton Univ HO PRINCETON UNIV C1 Off Naval Res, Phys Sci & Technol Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Roberson, CW (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Phys Sci & Technol Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-913-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 498 BP XI EP XIV PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BP30A UT WOS:000084618900001 ER PT S AU Brown, LM Novack, M Qaddoumi, N Bigelow, T AF Brown, LM Novack, M Qaddoumi, N Bigelow, T BE Baaklini, GY Lebowitz, CA Boltz, ES TI Application of NDE technologies to support in-service health monitoring of flexible composite components SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF AGING MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Aging Materials and Composites III CY MAR 03-05, 1999 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech Inc, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, Japanese Soc Nondestruct Testing DE near-field microwaves; rubber composites; fiber breakage; delaminations ID THICKNESS; MICROWAVE AB The Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center is evaluating nondestructive evaluation techniques for the inspection of flexible rubber composites in a shipboard service environment. The composite components are constructed of low-loss rubber materials, with several layers of reinforcement fabric (polyester fibers) located in the mid-thickness of the material. In a preliminary investigation, specimens aged in a laboratory environment and specimens removed from in-service platforms were inspected using near-field microwave techniques. The aged specimens contained small cracks and surface imperfections, while the in-service specimens exhibited delaminations between the rubber base material and the fabric plies. Inspections using a 33.375 GHz, open-ended rectangular waveguide demonstrated the ability to detect delaminations between the rubber casings and fabric plies, as well as for the detection of cord breakage of the fibers. Additional work is being planned to quantify the inspection capabilities relative to an acceptance criterion and to conduct in-service pilot studies with naval inspection personnel. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Brown, LM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3055-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3585 BP 226 EP 235 DI 10.1117/12.339852 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BM82E UT WOS:000079846400024 ER PT J AU Georgiou, IT AF Georgiou, IT TI On the global geometric structure of the dynamics of the elastic pendulum SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE slow and fast invariant manifolds; fast and slow chaos; energy transfer; separatrix; Lyapunov exponents ID 2-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM NONLINEAR-SYSTEM; INVARIANT MANIFOLD; NORMAL-MODES; ENERGIES AB We approach the planar elastic pendulum as a singular perturbation of the pendulum to show that its dynamics are governed by global two-dimensional invariant manifolds of motion. One of the manifolds is nonlinear and carries purely slow periodic oscillations. The other one, on the other hand, is linear and carries purely fast radial oscillations. For sufficiently small coupling between the angular and radial degrees of freedom, both manifolds are global and orbitally stable up to energy levels exceeding that of the unstable equilibrium of the system. For fixed value of coupling, the fast invariant manifold bifurcates transversely to create unstable radial oscillations exhibiting energy transfer. Poincare sections of iso-energetic manifolds reveal that only motions on and near a separatrix emanating from the unstable region of the fast invariant manifold exhibit energy transfer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, PPD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Georgiou, IT (reprint author), SAIC, Mclean, VA USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-090X J9 NONLINEAR DYNAM JI Nonlinear Dyn. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 18 IS 1 BP 51 EP 68 DI 10.1023/A:1008356204490 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 172TY UT WOS:000078941900003 ER PT J AU Papanicolaou, N Rao, MV Molnar, B Tucker, J Edwards, A Holland, OW Ridgway, MC AF Papanicolaou, N Rao, MV Molnar, B Tucker, J Edwards, A Holland, OW Ridgway, MC TI Ion-implantation in SiC and GaN SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials (IBMM98) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL ROYAL TROP INST, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS HO ROYAL TROP INST DE SiC; GaN; implantation; annealing; activation ID PHOSPHORUS AB The electrical activation behavior of N- and Al-implantations in bulk V-doped semi-insulating 4H-SiC is similar to that in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers. The As- and Sb-implantations in p-type 6H-SiC epitaxial layers showed out-diffusion behavior with room-temperature sheet carrier concentrations of <20% of the implanted dose. In n-type GaN, compensating levels introduced by the high-dose implantation damage are thermally stable even at 1150 degrees C annealing. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Canberra, ACT, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Papanicolaou, N (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Ridgway, Mark/D-9626-2011 OI Ridgway, Mark/0000-0002-0642-0108 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 1999 VL 148 IS 1-4 BP 416 EP 420 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(98)00880-5 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 166KT UT WOS:000078575700076 ER PT J AU Carosella, CA Schiestel, S Stroud, RM Grabowski, KS Kendziora, C Stoiber, M AF Carosella, CA Schiestel, S Stroud, RM Grabowski, KS Kendziora, C Stoiber, M TI Ion beam effects on the formation of Ge and Si nanoclusters in silica thin films SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials (IBMM98) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL ROYAL TROP INST, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS HO ROYAL TROP INST DE semiconductor nanoclusters; photoluminescence ID ASSISTED DEPOSITION AB We have observed that ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) has important effects on the optical properties of nanoclusters of Si or Ge in silica thin films. Si or Ge nanocluster(nc)-containing, thin silica films were prepared both by evaporation (PVD) and ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD), along with post-deposition annealing. Ge-nc IBAD films contain smaller nanoclusters (3.8+/- 0.5 nm) with a much tighter size distribution than the PVD films (13+/-6 nm). The difference in cluster size leads to a shift of the peak position of photoluminescence (PL). Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) from Ge-nc containing silica films reveals that IBAD promotes the crystallization of semiconductor nc's at lower annealing temperatures and inhibits further growth with increasing annealing temperature. For the Si-system, a decreasing Si-nc size was observed for an increasing ion energy, which weakens the PL and produces an observable small blue shift in the peak of the PL. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Montanuniv Leoben, Leoben, Austria. RP Carosella, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 1999 VL 148 IS 1-4 BP 975 EP 979 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(98)00817-9 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 166KT UT WOS:000078575700182 ER PT J AU Guha, S Wall, M Chase, LL AF Guha, S Wall, M Chase, LL TI Growth and characterization of Ge nanocrystals SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium J on Ion Implantation into Semiconductors, Oxides and Ceramics, at the Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY JUN 16-19, 1998 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE Ge nanocrystals; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray; TEM ID POROUS SILICON; LUMINESCENCE; RAMAN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DEFECTS; SIZE AB We have synthesized Ge nanocrystals of mean sizes 4, 8, and 12 nm by ion-implanting Ge+ ions into thermally grown SiO2 films and subsequent annealing of the films at 830 degrees C for 30 min in nitrogen. These films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. A distribution of particle size was identified by TEM in a 100 nm band below the surface. Particle sizes were estimated by these three techniques. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Condensed Matter & Radiat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Guha, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Condensed Matter & Radiat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 1999 VL 147 IS 1-4 BP 367 EP 372 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(98)00578-3 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 153RK UT WOS:000077846200064 ER PT J AU Gierlinski, M Zdziarski, AA Coppi, PS Poutanen, J Ebisawa, K Johnson, WN AF Gierlinski, M Zdziarski, AA Coppi, PS Poutanen, J Ebisawa, K Johnson, WN TI Thermal/non-thermal model of Cyg X-1 in the soft state SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Active X-ray Sky CY OCT 21-24, 1996 CL ROME, ITALY ID X-RAY C1 Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Uppsala, Astron Observ, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gierlinski, M (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Poutanen, Juri/H-6651-2016; OI Poutanen, Juri/0000-0002-0983-0049; Gierlinski, Marek/0000-0001-9149-3514 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 69 IS 1-3 BP 312 EP 315 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(98)00231-X PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 121WM UT WOS:000076038800059 ER PT J AU Chiang, J Dermer, CD AF Chiang, J Dermer, CD TI Gamma-Ray Burst afterglows from decelerating material: Blast waves and plasmoids SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Active X-ray Sky CY OCT 21-24, 1996 CL ROME, ITALY ID 28 FEBRUARY 1997; OPTICAL COUNTERPART; EMISSION AB We examine the dynamics and emitted radiation from material with a large initial bulk Lorentz; factor which decelerates as it sweeps up ambient matter. The bulk kinetic energy of the material is converted into non-thermal energy of electrons which radiate isotropically in the locally co-moving frame. Self-consistent solutions for the dynamics of the material are computed which account for changes in its bulk relativistic inertia due to accretion and the emitted radiation. Fully radiative and non-radiative solutions are shown to be limiting cases agreeing with standard solutions for spherically expanding blast waves. We have calculated the afterglow synchrotron emission for a variety of parameters and geometries, and we compare a fiducial example to the afterglow behavior observed from recent gamma-ray burst X-ray and optical couterparts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chiang, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 69 IS 1-3 BP 699 EP 702 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(98)00312-0 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 121WM UT WOS:000076038800136 ER PT J AU Marquez, VE Russ, P Alonso, R Siddiqui, MA Shin, KJ George, C Nicklaus, MC Dai, F Ford, H AF Marquez, VE Russ, P Alonso, R Siddiqui, MA Shin, KJ George, C Nicklaus, MC Dai, F Ford, H TI Conformationally restricted nucleosides. The reaction of adenosine deaminase with substrates built on a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane template SO NUCLEOSIDES & NUCLEOTIDES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIII International Round Table Conference on Nucleosides, Nucleotides and their Biological Applications CY SEP 06-10, 1998 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE ID BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; SUGAR RING; INHIBITORS; MOLECULES; ANALOGS AB Adenosine deaminase (ADA) can discriminate between two distinct (North and South), conformationally rigid substrate conformers. (N)-methanocarba-2'dA (4) is deaminated 100 times faster than the antipodal (S)-methanocarba-2'dA (5), whereas a non-rigid analogue, aristeromycin (6), is deaminated at an intermediate rate. These results are in agreement with crystallographic data from ADA-ribonucleoside complexes showing the furanose ring of the bound purine in a C3'-endo (North) conformation. The data presented here suggests that 4 and 5 are useful probes to ascertain conformational preferences by purine metabolizing enzymes. C1 NCI, Div Basic Sci, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marquez, VE (reprint author), NCI, Div Basic Sci, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Nicklaus, Marc/N-4183-2014 NR 16 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0732-8311 J9 NUCLEOS NUCLEOT JI Nucleosides Nucleotides PY 1999 VL 18 IS 4-5 BP 521 EP 530 DI 10.1080/15257779908041487 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 214ZK UT WOS:000081357300003 PM 10432643 ER PT J AU Tokmakian, R Challenor, PG AF Tokmakian, R. Challenor, P. G. TI On the joint estimation of model and satellite sea surface height anomaly errors SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Modelling; Models; Ocean circulation; Altimetry; Sea level variations AB We describe a technique to estimate the error field in the sea surface height (SSH) anomaly field of an ocean model through the joint use of SSH anomaly fields measured from two satellites, Topex/Poseidon (T/P) and ERS-2. The joint error maps for the model, T/P and ERS-2 show distributions distinctly different from one another and globally inhomogeneous. Both sampling errors and instrument errors are represented in the mapped fields. Additionally, we compare the joint error estimation method to a technique using the model and only one satellite, and show the importance of the cross covariance between the measured SSH and the true SSH field in the estimation of the error field. Finally, we look at the distribution of the error versus the variance of the SSH at a location. This logged distribution suggests that the model errors are generally proportional to the model's variance (regression coefficient of 0.99, globally) while the satellites' errors do not exhibit this linear relationship (regression coefficients on the average of 0.60). The comparison of the two satellite distributions implies that ERS-2 has a lower sampling error than the T/P instrument except in the tropical region. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tokmakian, R.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Challenor, P. G.] Southampton Oceanog Ctr, James Rennell Div Ocean Circulat & Climate, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Tokmakian, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM robint@ucar.edu RI Challenor, Peter/M-2579-2016 OI Challenor, Peter/0000-0001-8661-2718 FU T/P Extended Mission Science Working Group-JPL [960857] FX NCAR has provided the computer resources for the model simulation. NASA and the Pathfinder project under C. Koblinsky publicly makes available the satellite data collected by ESA and JPL/CNES. ECMWF provided the wind fields to force the model. This work has been done under a grant of the T/P Extended Mission Science Working Group-JPL Contract no. 960857 (rtt). Thanks to Brian Beckley (GSFC) for creating the special data sets with the em-bias and tidal corrections removed and to the two anonymous reviewers for their time and comments. NR 14 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 1 IS 1 BP 39 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S1463-5003(99)00006-2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA V22LS UT WOS:000208277300004 ER PT B AU Lynn, DC Bohlander, GS AF Lynn, DC Bohlander, GS GP MTS MTS TI Performing ship hull inspections using a remotely operated vehicle SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn AB The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, NSWCCD, has been using Remotely Operated Vehicles, ROVs, to perform underwater ship hull surveys. These deployments have been in support of research efforts in the following areas: acoustic diagnostics, magnetic signatures, cathodic protection, hull coating inspection, and hull damage assessment. 26 surveys have been performed since 1990 on aircraft carriers, cruisers, destroyers, submarines, swath hulls, and piers. The benefits of having ROVs as research tools are apparent as ROVs permit scientists and engineers to observe the conditions of the wetted surfaces of the ships with minimum impact on the ship's routine. Although the ROV and its navigation & control system were originally developed to perform acoustic diagnostics on Ohio Class Submarines, subsequent deployments led to the development of a ROV based system used to perform underwater hull system surveys. This paper will focus on one aspect of underwater hull inspection, the measurement of hull paint thickness. An important part of ship hull maintenance is inspecting the thickness of the underwater hull coatings. In order to avoid drydocking or to pre-plan the docking work package it is desirable to perform a comprehensive underwater survey of the hull prior to entering the drydock. A complete measurement of the thickness of the hull coating, or Dry Film Thickness, DFT, can be performed with a Remotely Operated Vehicle, ROV. The advantages of using a ROV to deploy DFT sensors underwater are the automated acquisition of the DFT readings and the location information received from the navigation and control system. This paper describes the issues that were dealt with when the probe was deployed on US Navy ships in an industrial harbor environment. The paper also addresses the physics behind the paint thickness sensor, and its preparation for underwater use on the ROV. Results from actual deployments are reported to show that this method of data collection is valid and the probe can be used to obtain a paint thickness profile of the hull. This information was subsequently used to assist in planning the drydock maintenance package for a ship. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lynn, DC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd,Code 641, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 555 EP 562 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300085 ER PT B AU Bradley, WE Van de Kop, F AF Bradley, WE Van de Kop, F GP MTS MTS TI A comparison of a mechanically stabilized gyrocompass and a GPS-aided inertial navigation system SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn AB The ability to sense ship's motion accurately is critical to the performance of Naval Oceanographic Office survey missions. Various instruments have been used over the years to provide survey mission equipment with information about ship's roll, pitch, heading, and vertical motion. Typically the cost and complexity of sensor systems used are directly proportional to the accuracy required. Recent advances have been made in Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Navigation System technologies, which can be combined to produce less complex, more reliable, highly accurate sensors. The Naval Oceanographic Office has deployed such a system on its hydrographic survey ships and hydrographic survey launches. This paper will present a comparison of data collected from this system and an MK 29 gyrocompass while both were operating under actual survey conditions. The impact of short-term loss of GPS data on system performance will also be explored. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Bradley, WE (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 780 EP 784 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300119 ER PT B AU Turgut, A Wolf, SN Rouseff, D AF Turgut, A Wolf, SN Rouseff, D CA SWARM Grp GP MTS MTS TI Broad-band acoustic propagation through moving internal solitary wave packets in shallow water. SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn AB Propagation of acoustic signals in coastal seas are strongly influenced by Internal Solitary Wave (ISW) packets which are often generated by local tides during seasons of strong density stratification. During the 1995 Shallow Water Acoustics in a Random Medium (SWARM95) experiment, amplitude fluctuations and correlation times of broad-band (216-232 and 350-450 Hz) acoustic signals were measured in such an environment. In this paper, we numerically simulate broad-band acoustic signal propagation to explain the experimentally-observed fluctuations and correlation times at 42 kilometer propagation range. Broad-band signals are calculated by using Fourier synthesis of continuous wave (CW) numerical solutions of the parabolic wave equation (PE) for the entire SWARM95 propagation path. In the case in which the strong range-dependency can be localized within an ISW packet, a computationally efficient one-way coupled mode model is formulated to calculate the acoustic field at a distant receiver array. Internal solitary wave packets are modeled as mode coupling structures moving along the acoustic propagation path. Frequency-dependent coupling matrices are calculated by using PE numerical solutions for each acoustic mode propagating through the soliton packet. A similar approach has been used recently for the simulations of CW signal fluctuations [1]. In the present paper, strong fluctuations and rapid decorrelation of broad-band signals are attributed to the interaction of moving soliton packet with the interference patterns of the dominant acoustic modes. The model predictions are consistent with the similar to 15 dB signal fluctuations and similar to 2 min decorrelation times observed in the SWARM experiment in addition to the prediction of a partial recorrelation at longer time scales (> 20 min). C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Turgut, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 1052 EP 1057 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300162 ER PT B AU Sundvik, M Rabe, E Vaccaro, M AF Sundvik, M Rabe, E Vaccaro, M GP MTS MTS TI Mapping seabed acoustic reflection and scattering coefficients using tactical sonar systems SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Sundvik, M (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 1070 EP 1075 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300165 ER PT B AU Gallagher, DG AF Gallagher, DG GP MTS MTS TI Development of miniature, head-mounted, virtual image displays for navy divers SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn AB Much of navy diving is conducted in regions where the visibility is extremely limited, such as the very shallow water/surf zone (VSW/SZ) region. Special sensor, imaging, navigation, and communication technologies are required to enhance a diver's ability to "see", navigate, and communicate in these regions. These include hand-held sonars, GPS (global positioning system) units, acoustic navigation systems, and low-light-level cameras. A visual interface technology is required for the diver to interpret and make use of this enhanced information, which often is a combination of video images, graphical displays, and alphanumeric data. One such technology is a simple underwater display screen. Unfortunately, in many cases underwater display screens can not be seen at all due to the extremely adverse conditions, rendering an enhanced diver sensor system useless. It remains a considerable technical challenge to provide a diver display system that can be clearly viewed underwater in regions with extremely poor visibility and lighting. The United States Navy's Coastal Systems Station (CSS), Panama City, Florida has been developing diver display systems, specifically virtual image head-mounted display (HMD) systems, for navy divers since 1992. These systems incorporate state-of-the-industry microdisplay technology. This paper will discuss the development of these systems, current status of the technology, and the future outlook for the navy's diver HMDs. C1 USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Diving & Life Support Syst Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Gallagher, DG (reprint author), USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Diving & Life Support Syst Div, 6703 W Hwy 98,Code A52, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 1098 EP 1104 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300171 ER PT B AU Sanders, WM AF Sanders, WM GP MTS MTS TI Multi-sensor surveillance with in-situ environmental characterization SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn AB It has been speculated that the performance of surveillance systems can be enhanced by the capability to sense and adapt to the environment in which it is deployed. Moreover, the use of multiple sensors, which observe the same surroundings using different physics, should provide more information and greater accuracy in characterizing an operational environment. However, it is not often easy or straightforward to predict the accuracy or validity of environmentally derived data from inverse methods, even when using a single sensor type. This presentation describes a methodology for predicting the parameter estimation errors achieved by a hypothetical system comprising an acoustic and an electromagnetic (EM) sensor. Simple models of the acoustic and electromagnetic environments involving a minimal set of parameters are employed. Some parameters are unique to one sensor, but many are common to both types. Therein lies the potential for gain. Simultaneous observation of the same physical mechanisms using different signals should result in a reduction:df errors and therefore more useful and reliable information. This hypothesis is tested by investigating a shallow water environment with mostly known parameters. Observations of towed acoustic and electric dipole sources in the Strataform experiment are used to predict inversion performance. The predicted inversion errors in the two-sensor case are compared with those for individual sensors. Estimation of errors is made possible by assuming: 1) Errors,in measurements and theoretical/model parameters are Gaussian, 2) The forward equation can be linearized about some true set of values. 3) Parameters are not strongly correlated. Under these assumptions, the variance of the A Posteriori errors can be formulated in terms of Cramer-Rao bounds on experimental errors, the variance of A Priori uncertainties and signal propagation characteristics, the latter quantities being the derivatives of the acoustic and EM field with respect to the model parameters. A split-step Fourier parabolic equation (PE) model is used for the acoustic signal. Derivatives of the field are derived in terms of the PE kinetic and potential energy operators. The EM signal is modeled using a multi-layer integral transform solution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sanders, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7180, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 1149 EP 1153 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300180 ER PT B AU Simpson, HJ Houston, BH Frederickson, CK Lim, R AF Simpson, HJ Houston, BH Frederickson, CK Lim, R GP MTS MTS TI Measurements and analysis of scattering from proud and buried targets in a shallow-water laboratory environment SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn AB Finding and identifying objects in littoral waters is of growing interest. Although current acoustic based systems can readily detect objects sifting proud, identification is considerably more difficult [1]. For a buried target, even detection may prove difficult especially using higher frequency systems. These higher frequency systems are limited in range and sound penetration, which makes imaging buried targets extremely difficult. The research presented here is concerned with the use of relatively low frequency acoustics (1 kHz to 50 kHz) to overcome transmission and penetration limitations. Further, we are interested in employing the structural acoustics response of the target for identification purposes. This research includes sound penetration above and below the critical angle, evanescent field interactions with buried targets [2], roughened interface enhanced scattering from buried targets [3], and the identification of wave-types propagating within the bottom [4,5]. Measurements of proud, partially, and completely buried targets have been conducted. The targets discussed here include a 60 cm diameter stainless steel sphere and a 30 cm diameter Aluminum retro-reflector. Of particular interest is the scattering from buried targets for ensonification angles below the critical angle. Also of interest is quantifying the enhancements of scattering for below critical angle ensonification due to interface roughness [6], and evanescent waves. The measurements of the sphere are also used to validate scattering models. It has been possible to model the scattering from a proud and buried sphere using a T-Matrix method [7]. The results of these measurements along with analysis using scattering and sound propagation models will be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Simpson, HJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7136,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 1154 EP 1157 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300181 ER PT B AU Lever, JA Bernard, LJ Starek, R Easton, J Jarrett, CM Jugan, M AF Lever, JA Bernard, LJ Starek, R Easton, J Jarrett, CM Jugan, M GP MTS MTS TI Workflow management in an oceanographic information processing environment SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Lever, JA (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 1170 EP 1175 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300185 ER PT B AU Lever, JA Raffa, S McCarren, D Lewando, A Carron, M AF Lever, JA Raffa, S McCarren, D Lewando, A Carron, M GP MTS MTS TI A concept for the Naval Oceanographic Office survey operations center SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Lever, JA (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 1176 EP 1180 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300186 ER PT B AU Lingsch, SC Lingsch, WC AF Lingsch, SC Lingsch, WC GP MTS MTS TI Using a minehunting sonar for real-time environmental characterization SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn AB The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) provides environmental support to Mine Warfare (MIW) in digital form for characterizing the environment. These data include bathymetry, sediments, mine burial probability, and climatology for currents, temperature, and salinity prior to an exercise or operation. In most cases high-resolution databases needed by MIW are on the order of centimeter spatial resolution, much higher than available databases. The minehunting phase of the operation Using AN/AQS-14 minehunting side-scan sonar provides this information. Data are processed using the Unified Sonar Image Processing System for the processing and databasing of the AN/AQS-14 sonar imagery. The Comprehensive Environmental Assessment System (CEAS)I a Geographic Information System (GIS), is used for the integration of historical and in-situ environmental data. The AN/AQS-14 sonar imagery is processed in near-real time (12 hours), providing the Mine Countermeasures (MCM) Commander with the current environmental picture, used for tactical planning. The MCM Commander can direct his assets, which include side-scan sonar, forward-looking search sonar, and Explosive Ordinance Demolition (EOD) divers efficiently, or avoid areas which are not huntable. The AN/AQS-14 side-scan sonar data are georeferenced, allowing for bottom characterization and identification of provinces in accordance with current MIW doctrine; In addition to bottom characterization, georeferencing can show sonar system artifacts not apparent in the standard waterfall display. Change detection is also performed, with historical data or data collected during the operation. In addition to sonar imagery, environmental data from the EOD divers (e.g., temperature, bottom grabs, and visibility), temperature and salinity collected using Expendable Bathythermographs (XBT), and contact information are all entered into CEAS for comparison with climatology. Presented are the GIS and image processing software, data-basing, and techniques used for MIW environmental support. Results will be presented from MIW exercises from the past two years. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Lingsch, SC (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balach Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 1181 EP 1187 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300187 ER PT B AU Costa, R Roy, RA Commander, KW AF Costa, R Roy, RA Commander, KW GP MTS MTS TI A novel approach for obtaining bubble dissolution measurements at sea: Results SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn DE bubble dissolution; light scattering ID WATER AB A hybrid system for measuring the dissolution of gas bubbles in an oceanic environment was developed utilizing the Coastal Systems Station's Light Scattering Bubble Counter (LSBC). The LSBC independently measures flow velocity and bubble size, and is capable of distinguishing bubbles from particulate matter. In the hybrid system, the dynamic range of the LSBC measurements is 50 microns to about 300 microns in radius. The system is filled at depth in the sea, purged of all gas, and then closed from the outside environment A steady now is established and clean air is forced through a porous ceramic disk to create the initial bubble population. This bubbly mixture is re-circulated through the system at a constant now rate of 22 liters per minute (LPM), or 33 LPM, corresponding to velocities of 30 cm/s and 45 cm/s through the LSBC aperture, respectively. The bubble radii are measured continuously using the LSBC, resulting in time-dependent bubble-size distributions. A numerical technique has been developed to estimate the dissolution rate from the bubble distribution time series. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Costa, R (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 1223 EP 1228 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300193 ER PT B AU Brown, WE Barlett, ML England, JF AF Brown, WE Barlett, ML England, JF GP MTS MTS TI Construction and visualization of a seafloor backscatter database using naval "through the sensor" technology SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn AB This paper describes recent developments in the Sonar Active Boundary Loss Estimation project. The aim of the project is to produce high-resolution bottom backscatter and bottom-loss databases using combatant AN/SQS-53C sonar "through the sensor" data collection. The approach utilizes modified signal processing techniques developed specifically for Naval sonar systems to automatically detect and identify features of interest in the recorded time series of each beam. The current implementation is able to process acoustic returns from a variety of sonar setups. For each ping, all beams are processed. Feature parameters are extracted from the sonar signals, automatically georeferenced, and stored in a database along with supporting ship and sonar status information. Unique features inherent to the database, analysis tools, and visualization capabilities include use of MATLAB, a commercially available software package; on-the-fly creation of gridded data at arbitrary (user-specified) grid cell resolution; ship's status, navigation, and sonar setup data; the ability to extract, analyze, and display parameters by azimuth of observation; and the ability to generate "images" of the ocean bottom along the ship's track as seen by the actual sonar system. In this paper we present an overview of the signal and data processing from the sonar beamformer output to the production of a gridded gee-referenced database and provide several examples of data visualization and data filtering which are possible with this approach. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Brown, WE (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 1275 EP 1280 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300203 ER PT B AU Cash, SC AF Cash, SC GP MTS MTS TI Ship to shore "digital status report" multimedia communication SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn AB A methodology is currently being tested which makes it possible to better inform shore-based managers about shipboard operations. A multimedia software package called a Digital Status Report (DSR) is being developed, and is intended to make it easier for shore-based staff to more clearly visualize remote operations. This highly desirable capability can be achieved through a remote user's ability to view video clips, images, text and data routinely collected at sea and transmitted to the U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) via the NAVOCEANO Network and then routed through the INMARSAT on a daily basis. This new possibility also makes it feasible for highly trained staff at multiple locations to network ideas and solutions concerning decision-making situations at remote locations where less experienced staff may need additional assistance. This type of multimedia conferencing is certain to have a large impact on resource sharing and troubleshooting problems. The first page of the DSR contains fields with images concerning the ship position, local meteorologic and oceanographic conditions, as well as video clips of the current shipboard activities. Any type of graphic media (satellite images, sonar images, bathymetric plots, etc.), including video clips as well as images captured from video or other sources, is brought into the software and made accessible to the user with event associated push buttons. A popup text box also appears in which the sender or receiver may type information concerning the recorded event. Subsequent pages contain information specific to the ship and survey operations. At the end of the survey, each day's DSR will be written onto a CD-ROM, thereby providing a permanent record of the survey. This end product may prove to be a useful resource for future surveys when the mission guidelines remain the same but different personnel are involved. The CDs may also be used in some cases as training for new personnel, public relations tools, or a methodology to familiarize other scientists with NAVOCEANO operations. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Cash, SC (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, N92, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 1281 EP 1283 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300204 ER PT B AU Gruzinskas, P Cole, D Haas, A AF Gruzinskas, P Cole, D Haas, A GP MTS MTS TI Reconstruction of sampled and modeled oceanographic information using an exploratory environment SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn AB The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) Department of Defense (DoD) Major Shared Resource Center (MSRC) operates as a DoD shared high performance computing (HPC) center, serving over 2000 users nationwide. Scientific visualization is an essential element of HPC that provides the methodology to explore, define, and present the results of computations. Accurate and understandable representation of data impacts a project in several ways: it helps scientists understand the physical phenomena they are studying, it helps communicate this work to their colleagues, and it helps explain the work and its significance to the public. Our scientific visualization team, in conjunction with researchers at our facility and other DoD facilities, have accomplished numerous visualizations of large data sets. In this paper we present examples of the methods, techniques, and results of our efforts to visualize observational data and the output of numeric ocean models. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Gruzinskas, P (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 1284 EP 1289 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300205 ER PT B AU Smith, RA West, GR AF Smith, RA West, GR GP MTS MTS TI Airborne lidar: A surveying tool for the new millennium SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn AB The last few years of the 20(th) century have witnessed the "coming of age" of Airborne Laser Bathymetry (ALB) and its transition from research and development technology to routine operational use. Despite this transition, the technology is still generally poorly understood in the hydrographic survey community, and in this environment it has been difficult to establish a universally accepted philosophy for its use. This paper explores the strengths and limitations of the technology and relates these characteristics to several scenarios, with particular emphasis on how the use of Airborne Laser Bathymetry systems is likely to impact survey operations of the future. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Smith, RA (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 1290 EP 1299 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300206 ER PT B AU Baxley, PA Bucker, H Rice, JA Green, MD Woxstroem, J AF Baxley, PA Bucker, H Rice, JA Green, MD Woxstroem, J GP MTS MTS TI Acoustic communication channel modeling for the Baltic Sea SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn AB A physics-based numerical propagation model which includes the effects of multipath spread and Doppler spread is currently being developed as a prediction and analysis tool for underwater acoustic communication problems. The model uses three-dimensional Gaussian beams and quadrature detection to obtain the channel response for finite-duration constant-wavelength tones. By using a very short pulse, the output of the quadrature detector represents an estimate of the band-limited channel impulse response, which may be used to determine the multipath spread: In addition, the Doppler shifts associated with source/receiver motion can be accumulated from the individual beams, providing Doppler spread. The usefulness of the model for experiment planning is demonstrated for a shallow-water Baltic Sea test site. The fidelity of the model is tested via a comparison of simulated channel responses with those measured in the Baltic Sea test. C1 USN, Space & Navan Warfare Syst Ctr, Acoust Branch, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Baxley, PA (reprint author), USN, Space & Navan Warfare Syst Ctr, Acoust Branch, Code D881, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 1504 EP 1511 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300243 ER PT B AU Chayes, DN Anderson, RM Goemmer, S Ardai, JL Coakley, BJ Rognstad, MR Davis, RB Edwards, M AF Chayes, DN Anderson, RM Goemmer, S Ardai, JL Coakley, BJ Rognstad, MR Davis, RB Edwards, M GP MTS MTS TI Seafloor characterization and mapping pods (SCAMP): submarine-mounted geophysical mapping SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn C1 USN, Arctic Submarine Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Chayes, DN (reprint author), USN, Arctic Submarine Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 1524 EP 1524 PG 1 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300248 ER PT S AU Vohra, ST Todd, MD Johnson, GA Chang, CC Danver, BA AF Vohra, ST Todd, MD Johnson, GA Chang, CC Danver, BA BE Kim, BY Hotate, K TI Fiber Bragg grating sensor system for civil structure monitoring: Applications and field tests SO OFS-13: 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS & WORKSHOP ON DEVICE AND SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY TOWARD FUTURE OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION AND SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors and Workshop on Device and System Technology Toward Future Optical Fiber Communication and Sensing CY APR 12-16, 1999 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Opt Soc Korea, IEICE Electr Soc, Japan, Inst Electr Engineers Korea, Korea Inst Commun Sci, Korea Inst Elect Engineers, Korean Sensors Soc, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Japan, Opt Soc Amer, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vohra, ST (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3228-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3746 BP 32 EP 37 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications GA BN81U UT WOS:000083083000006 ER PT S AU Koo, KP Tveten, AB Vohra, ST AF Koo, KP Tveten, AB Vohra, ST BE Kim, BY Hotate, K TI Ultra-high resolution dynamic strain sensing for structural diagnostics with fiber Bragg grating laser sensor SO OFS-13: 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS & WORKSHOP ON DEVICE AND SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY TOWARD FUTURE OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION AND SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors and Workshop on Device and System Technology Toward Future Optical Fiber Communication and Sensing CY APR 12-16, 1999 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Opt Soc Korea, IEICE Electr Soc, Japan, Inst Electr Engineers Korea, Korea Inst Commun Sci, Korea Inst Elect Engineers, Korean Sensors Soc, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Japan, Opt Soc Amer, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB We report the use of a fiber Bragg grating laser sensor to measure small dynamic strains on a poly-carbonate cylinder with resolutions from 10(-11)rms/root Hz to 10(-13)rms/root Hz in the 100 kHz frequency range. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Koo, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3228-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3746 BP 46 EP 49 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications GA BN81U UT WOS:000083083000009 ER PT S AU Chang, CC Johnson, GA Vohra, ST AF Chang, CC Johnson, GA Vohra, ST BE Kim, BY Hotate, K TI Effects of fiber Bragg grating spectrum distortion on scanning Fabry-Perot and fiber interferometer based wavelength shift detection schemes SO OFS-13: 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS & WORKSHOP ON DEVICE AND SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY TOWARD FUTURE OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION AND SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors and Workshop on Device and System Technology Toward Future Optical Fiber Communication and Sensing CY APR 12-16, 1999 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Opt Soc Korea, IEICE Electr Soc, Japan, Inst Electr Engineers Korea, Korea Inst Commun Sci, Korea Inst Elect Engineers, Korean Sensors Soc, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Japan, Opt Soc Amer, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB We report on the adverse effects of fiber Bragg grating spectrum broadening on Fabry-Perot and fiber interferometric wavelength shift detection schemes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chang, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3228-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3746 BP 141 EP 144 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications GA BN81U UT WOS:000083083000028 ER PT S AU Huston, AL Justus, BL AF Huston, AL Justus, BL BE Kim, BY Hotate, K TI In vivo radiotherapy dose monitoring system SO OFS-13: 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS & WORKSHOP ON DEVICE AND SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY TOWARD FUTURE OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION AND SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors and Workshop on Device and System Technology Toward Future Optical Fiber Communication and Sensing CY APR 12-16, 1999 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Opt Soc Korea, IEICE Electr Soc, Japan, Inst Electr Engineers Korea, Korea Inst Commun Sci, Korea Inst Elect Engineers, Korean Sensors Soc, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Japan, Opt Soc Amer, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huston, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3228-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3746 BP 167 EP 170 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications GA BN81U UT WOS:000083083000034 ER PT S AU Posey, R Vohra, ST AF Posey, R Vohra, ST BE Kim, BY Hotate, K TI A multichannel fiber optic sensor using Bragg gratings and Brillouin optical time domain analysis for temperature and strain measurements SO OFS-13: 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS & WORKSHOP ON DEVICE AND SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY TOWARD FUTURE OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION AND SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors and Workshop on Device and System Technology Toward Future Optical Fiber Communication and Sensing CY APR 12-16, 1999 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Opt Soc Korea, IEICE Electr Soc, Japan, Inst Electr Engineers Korea, Korea Inst Commun Sci, Korea Inst Elect Engineers, Korean Sensors Soc, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Japan, Opt Soc Amer, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID SCATTERING AB A multichannel fiber optic sensor has been developed to simultaneously measure the strain and temperature independently using Bragg gratings and Brillouin optical time domain analysis. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Posey, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5673,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3228-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3746 BP 341 EP 344 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications GA BN81U UT WOS:000083083000076 ER PT S AU Todd, MD Althouse, BA Johnson, GA Vohra, ST AF Todd, MD Althouse, BA Johnson, GA Vohra, ST BE Kim, BY Hotate, K TI Performance of elastic beam fiber Bragg grating accelerometers SO OFS-13: 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS & WORKSHOP ON DEVICE AND SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY TOWARD FUTURE OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION AND SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors and Workshop on Device and System Technology Toward Future Optical Fiber Communication and Sensing CY APR 12-16, 1999 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Opt Soc Korea, IEICE Electr Soc, Japan, Inst Electr Engineers Korea, Korea Inst Commun Sci, Korea Inst Elect Engineers, Korean Sensors Soc, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Japan, Opt Soc Amer, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB The design and performance characteristics of a series of structural-grade fiber Bragg grating-based flexural beam accelerometers is reported. A concentrated mass added to the transducer allows for tailoring of the sensor's performance for specific applications. The sensors reported have sensitivities in the range 2-12.5 mu epsilon/g, high resonant frequencies (>300 Hz), very low cross-axis sensitivity (similar to 40 dB below the main axis response), and low noise (similar to 1 mg/root Hz near 1 Hz). An array of these accelerometers was used in monitoring ship sub-structure motion, and selected results are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Todd, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3228-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3746 BP 545 EP 548 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications GA BN81U UT WOS:000083083000126 ER PT S AU Vohra, ST Dandridge, A Chang, CC Johnson, GA Tveten, AB Nau, GM AF Vohra, ST Dandridge, A Chang, CC Johnson, GA Tveten, AB Nau, GM BE Kim, BY Hotate, K TI High sensitivity pressure sensors utilizing advanced polymer coatings SO OFS-13: 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS & WORKSHOP ON DEVICE AND SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY TOWARD FUTURE OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION AND SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors and Workshop on Device and System Technology Toward Future Optical Fiber Communication and Sensing CY APR 12-16, 1999 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Opt Soc Korea, IEICE Electr Soc, Japan, Inst Electr Engineers Korea, Korea Inst Commun Sci, Korea Inst Elect Engineers, Korean Sensors Soc, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Japan, Opt Soc Amer, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB We report a high sensitivity pressure sensor utilizing optical fibers coated with novel polymers. Pressure sensitivity of 5 pico-m/psi for the fiber Bragg grating based and -155 dB radian/mu Pa for interferometric sensor is reported. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vohra, ST (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3228-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3746 BP 557 EP 560 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications GA BN81U UT WOS:000083083000129 ER PT S AU Patrick, HJ Vohra, ST AF Patrick, HJ Vohra, ST BE Kim, BY Hotate, K TI Directional shape sensing using bend sensitivity of long period fiber gratings SO OFS-13: 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS & WORKSHOP ON DEVICE AND SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY TOWARD FUTURE OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION AND SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors and Workshop on Device and System Technology Toward Future Optical Fiber Communication and Sensing CY APR 12-16, 1999 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Opt Soc Korea, IEICE Electr Soc, Japan, Inst Electr Engineers Korea, Korea Inst Commun Sci, Korea Inst Elect Engineers, Korean Sensors Soc, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Japan, Opt Soc Amer, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID SENSORS AB We demonstrate repeatable, directional curvature determination to +/- 0.05 m(-1) using two long period fiber gratings bonded to either side of a metal plate. One grating was utilized for negative, and the other for positive curvature measurements by exploiting an unusual orientation dependence of the grating response. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Patrick, HJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3228-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3746 BP 561 EP 564 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications GA BN81U UT WOS:000083083000130 ER PT S AU Johnson, GA Vohra, ST Danver, BA Pran, K Havsgard, GB Wang, G AF Johnson, GA Vohra, ST Danver, BA Pran, K Havsgard, GB Wang, G BE Kim, BY Hotate, K TI Vibration monitoring of a ship waterjet with fiber Bragg gratings SO OFS-13: 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS & WORKSHOP ON DEVICE AND SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY TOWARD FUTURE OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION AND SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors and Workshop on Device and System Technology Toward Future Optical Fiber Communication and Sensing CY APR 12-16, 1999 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Opt Soc Korea, IEICE Electr Soc, Japan, Inst Electr Engineers Korea, Korea Inst Commun Sci, Korea Inst Elect Engineers, Korean Sensors Soc, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Japan, Opt Soc Amer, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB We report on the monitoring with fiber Bragg gratings of vibrations present in a surface ship waterjet on an in-service vessel during naval exercises near Bergen, Norway and in transit from Norway to Kiel, Germany. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3228-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3746 BP 616 EP 619 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications GA BN81U UT WOS:000083083000142 ER PT J AU Ohsaki, Y Gross, AJ Le, PT Oie, H Johnson, BE AF Ohsaki, Y Gross, AJ Le, PT Oie, H Johnson, BE TI Human small cell lung cancer cells produce brain natriuretic peptide SO ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lung neoplasm; ectopic hormone syndromes; small cell lung cancer; brain natriuretic peptide ID LINES; SECRETION; TUMOR; HYPONATREMIA; VASOPRESSIN; CARCINOMA; RECEPTOR; HORMONE; GROWTH; SODIUM AB The tumoral production of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was studied using 9 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines which were established from patients with small cell lung cancer. BNP cDNA fragment was generated from 20 mu g total RNA which was prepared from the human right cardiac atrium by reverse transcription-based polymerase chain reaction. Expression of BNP mRNA was detected in 30 mu g total cellular RNA from these cell lines by RNase protection assays in 5 of 9 SCLC cell lines. Radioimmunoassays using I-125-radiolabeled human BNP(1-32) and antihuman BNP(1-32) antibody detected immunoreactivity in cell pellets from SCLC cell lines which had detectable BNP mRNA. BNP immunoreactivity in the cell pellets corresponds with the data from BNP mRNA analyses. We conclude that SCLC cells have detectable BNP mRNA by RNase protection assay and BNP immunoreactivity in the cells. C1 NCI, USN, Med Oncol Branch,NIH, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ohsaki, Y (reprint author), Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Med 1, Nishikagura 4-5-3, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078, Japan. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0030-2414 J9 ONCOLOGY-BASEL JI Oncology PY 1999 VL 56 IS 2 BP 155 EP 159 DI 10.1159/000011957 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 170JF UT WOS:000078802000011 PM 9949302 ER PT J AU Fink, BR Mizel, MS AF Fink, BR Mizel, MS TI Management of posterior tibial tendinitis in the athlete SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE posterior tibial; tenosynovectomy; tendinitis ID TENDON DYSFUNCTION; RUPTURE AB Posterior tibial tendinitis in the young patient is relatively uncommon. However, when it occurs, it can be debilitating and considerably limit athletic function. Aggressive nonoperative treatment is indicated initially. If this fails, tenosynovectomy can restore function and relieve pain. If the degree of tendon degeneration is extensive, primary repair and/or augmentation with flexor digitorum longus or flexor hallucis longus transfer will be necessary. While short term results are encouraging in patients overall, little is known about the long-term prognosis or the results in young, high-demand individuals. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Orthoped Surg, Corpus Christi, TX 78419 USA. Boston Univ, Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Fink, BR (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Orthoped Surg, 10651 E St, Corpus Christi, TX 78419 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 7 IS 1 BP 28 EP 31 DI 10.1016/S1060-1872(99)80037-9 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 177FA UT WOS:000079198800006 ER PT J AU Mahmood, MF Chouikha, MF Qadri, SB AF Mahmood, MF Chouikha, MF Qadri, SB TI Analytical formulation of bound solitons in a lossy birefringent optical fiber SO OPTICA APPLICATA LA English DT Article ID PULSE-PROPAGATION; STABILITY AB A variational approach is followed to study soliton propagation in a lossy birefringent fiber for an illustrative model. In particular, the criterion for the coupling of two polarized soliton pulses to form a bound state has been obtained. The implications of this model have also been discussed. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mahmood, MF (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNICAL UNIV WROCLAW PI WROCLAW PA WYBRZEZE WYSPIANSKIEGO 27, EXPORT-IMPORT DIVISION, 50-370 WROCLAW, POLAND SN 0078-5466 J9 OPT APPL JI Opt. Appl. PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 365 EP 369 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 248QE UT WOS:000083286200010 ER PT S AU Patrick, HJ AF Patrick, HJ BE Digonnet, MJF TI Long period fiber gratings: sensors, sources and beyond SO OPTICAL DEVICES FOR FIBER COMMUNICATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Devices for Fiber Communication CY SEP 20-21, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE fiber gratings; communications; fiber optic sensors; wavelength division multiplexing; optical filters; fiber optics; periodic structures; photosensitivity ID BRAGG GRATINGS; OPTICAL FIBERS; SUPERSTRUCTURE; SENSITIVITY; FILTERS AB Long period fiber grating devices are finding a broad range of applications as wavelength selective filters and spectrally selective sensors. In this paper I describe the theory and fabrication of long period fiber gratings, including mask considerations for UV fabrication, and give an overview of applications. Two applications are described in detail: an embeddable point sensor for strain and temperature in a structure, and an all-fiber, coupler-free Mach-Zehnder interferometer for WDM filtering applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Patrick, HJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5675,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3440-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3847 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1117/12.371262 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BP34B UT WOS:000084757300004 ER PT S AU Friebele, EJ Williams, GM Mack, WD AF Friebele, EJ Williams, GM Mack, WD BE Matthewson, MJ TI Qualified parts list optical fibers in radiation environments SO OPTICAL FIBER RELIABILITY AND TESTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Fiber Reliability and Testing CY SEP 19-20, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE fiber optics; radiation effects; radiation-induced attenuation; low dose rate ID DEPENDENCE AB The optical attenuation induced in 6 Navy Qualified Parts List (QPL) fibers by Co-60 gamma-ray exposures to 10(6) rad has been measured at 3 different dose rates: 26, 1000, and 20,500 rad/min. The loss in the Coming, Lucent and Plasma Optical Fiber multimode fibers was measured at 1340 nm, while that in the Coming, Lucent, and SpecTran single mode fibers was measured at bath 1315 and 1510 nm. Growth and recovery data were measured for the highest dose rate exposure, while only growth data were obtained for the lower dose rates. In an effort to predict the fibers' radiation response at much lower dose rates, the data have been fit to a model based on an exponential distribution of trap depths below the glass mobility edge. Although the results of the model are in qualitative agreement with the data, additional refinement is necessary. However, the agreement is sufficient that an upper bound can be calculated for the degradation induced by low-dose-rate radiation environments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Friebele, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3441-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3848 BP 232 EP 239 DI 10.1117/12.372777 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BP48Z UT WOS:000085290100028 ER PT S AU Williams, GM Wright, BM Mack, WD Friebele, EJ AF Williams, GM Wright, BM Mack, WD Friebele, EJ BE Matthewson, MJ TI Projecting the performance of erbium-doped fiber devices in a space radiation environment SO OPTICAL FIBER RELIABILITY AND TESTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Fiber Reliability and Testing CY SEP 19-20, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE fiber optics; erbium; erbium-doped fiber amplifier; radiation effects; radiation-induced attenuation ID OPTICAL FIBERS AB The optical attenuation induced in two erbium-doped fibers by Co-60 gamma-ray exposures to 200 krad has been measured at 3 different dose rates, approximately, 35, 1000, and 20,500 rad/min. The growth of the induced loss was measured at 980, 1300, and 1500 nm. In some instances recovery of the loss after exposure was also measured. The effect of temperature on radiation-induced loss was examined by irradiating one of the erbium-doped fibers at three different temperatures, -54, 30, and 80 C. A simple physical model describing the thermal annealing process of the induced loss in the fibers is presented. The model yields expressions, with only two adjustable parameters, which describe the dose rate and temperature dependence of both the radiation-induced loss growth and recovery kinetics. The simple model accurately describes the form of the growth and recovery kinetics but overestimates the dependence of induced loss on dose rate and temperature. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Williams, GM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5675,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3441-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3848 BP 271 EP 280 DI 10.1117/12.372781 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BP48Z UT WOS:000085290100032 ER PT S AU Armistead, JP Houser, EJ Son, DY Keller, TM AF Armistead, JP Houser, EJ Son, DY Keller, TM BE Klein, LC Francis, LF DeGuire, MR Mark, JE TI Carborane-siloxane-diacetylene thermosets and ceramic precursors SO ORGANIC/INORGANIC HYBRID MATERIALS II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium DD on Organic Inorganic Hybrid Materials held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP 3M, Ctr Adv Mat Technol, Chemat Technol Inc, Eastman Kodak Co ID PYROLYSIS; POLYMERS AB Thermosets and ceramic chars were characterized for three polymeric materials consisting of diacetylene-siloxane repeat units, DaS, diacetylene-siloxane-carborane-siloxane repeat units, DaSCS, and a 90/10 copolymerization. The goal was to incorporate the known thermo-oxidative stability of the siloxane-carborane elastomers into high performance thermosets and ceramic chars, The DaSCS thermoset has excellent thermo-oxidative stability as determined by a low weight loss and tough residue after annealing 100 hours in air at 316 degrees C, however the glass transition is a low 94 degrees C. DaS and 90/10 thermosets do not undergo glass transitions below 350 degrees C and have low weight losses on thermo-oxidative aging, however the residue was quite brittle. The much higher carborane content in DaSCS also seems to help in ceramic char formation. All polymers had similar char yields to 800 degrees C, whereas DaSCS solidified to a 15% denser ceramic. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Armistead, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-483-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 576 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BP22B UT WOS:000084438000014 ER PT S AU Dogariu, A Gupta, R Heeger, AJ Wang, HL Murata, H Kafafi, ZH AF Dogariu, A Gupta, R Heeger, AJ Wang, HL Murata, H Kafafi, ZH BE Kafafi, ZH TI Time-resolved Forster energy transfer in molecular and polymeric guest-host systems SO ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices III CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE organic materials; conjugated polymers; ultrafast spectroscopy; energy transfer; dipole-dipole interaction ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ORGANIC THIN-FILMS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; STIMULATED-EMISSION; DYNAMICS; MECHANISM AB Sub-picosecond spectroscopy and ultrafast pump-probe experiments spectrally and temporally resolve the Forster energy transfer in blends from larger gap host to the smaller gap guest organic materials. The dynamics of the stimulated emission and photoinduced absorption of the polymer blends indicate that 10-20 ps are required for complete energy transfer. The Forster interaction ranges suggested by quantitative measurements of energy transfer rates are compared with the theoretical values as calculated from the spectral overlap. We discuss the effect of the excited state delocalization. The energy transfer dynamics in small organic molecule blends have a longer time scale (1 ns), corresponding to the much longer lifetimes of the organic dyes. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Polymers & Organ Solids, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. UNIAX Corp, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dogariu, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Polymers & Organ Solids, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3283-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3797 BP 38 EP 46 DI 10.1117/12.372724 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics; Polymer Science GA BP45Y UT WOS:000085205700004 ER PT S AU Schlaf, R Crisafulli, LA Murata, H Merritt, CD Kafafi, ZH AF Schlaf, R Crisafulli, LA Murata, H Merritt, CD Kafafi, ZH BE Kafafi, ZH TI Determination of the electronic structure of organic Schottky contacts by photoemission spectroscopy SO ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices III CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE organic light emitting diodes; electronic interface structure; photoemission spectroscopy; organic thin films; organic Schottky contacts ID ENERGY-LEVEL ALIGNMENT; X-RAY; UV PHOTOEMISSION; INTERFACES; FILMS AB The alignment of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO, LUMO) of the organic luminescent semiconductor Gaq(3) relative to the Fermi level of Au was determined by depositing a Gaq3 thin film in a multistep growth procedure on an Au foil. Before growth and after each deposition step the sample was characterized by combined x-ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (XPS, UPS) measurements. Such measurements offer a direct way to determine the electronic structure of the interface. Our experiments demonstrate that this method allows distinguishing between band bending, charging and interface dipole related shifts in the UP-spectra. The additional XPS measurements allow the precise determination of the band bending occurring across the interface while comparison between XPS and UPS work function measurements allows one to pinpoint the organic film thickness dependent onset of charging phenomena. Our results show that the interface dipoles at Gaq3 Schottky contacts with Au, Pt and Ag amount to 0.6-0.7eV. Our experiments also show that final state screening shifts can be dismissed as insignificant in such orbital line-up measurements. This was shown at the chloroindium phthalocyanine (ClInPc)/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) interface where no such shifts were observed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Schlaf, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3283-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3797 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1117/12.372709 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics; Polymer Science GA BP45Y UT WOS:000085205700018 ER PT S AU Crisafulli, LA Murata, H Merritt, CD Kafafi, ZH AF Crisafulli, LA Murata, H Merritt, CD Kafafi, ZH BE Kafafi, ZH TI A comparison of device performance using various metal quinolates as the host for a guest-host active layer SO ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices III CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE organic light emitting diodes; Alq(3); Almq(3); Gaq(3); rubrene; dopant; guest-host system; photoluminescence quantum efficiency; electroluminescence quantum efficiency; luminous power efficiency ID ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; FILMS AB We present a study that focuses on a comparison of the absolute photoluminescence quantum efficiency (phi(pl)) with the electroluminescence quantum efficiency (eta(el)) using a guest-host active layer. We also report the luminous power efficiency of devices based on this same emissive layer. The active layer consists of a series of metal quinolates used as the host for the dopant rubrene. We find that rubrene doping enhances the phi(pl) of the metal quinolate host materials, tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) gallium III (Gaq(3)), tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum III (Alq(3)), and tris(4-methyl-8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum III (Almq(3)), from 0.13, 0.25, and 0.42, respectively, to similar to 1.0 for all metal quinolates. This is achieved by efficient Forster energy transfer from host to guest molecules. We also find that doping enhances the eta(el) Of devices using Gaq(3) or Alq(3) as the active layer from 0.6 % and 1.0 %, respectively, to 2.2 % for both hosts when measured at a current density of 100 A/m(2). The eta(el) of devices based on Almq(3) increases from 1.6% to 2-9% upon doping with rubrene. At a brightness of 100 cd/m(2), the luminous power efficiency of devices based on the metal quinolates increases from 1.0 lm/W, 0.99 lm/W, and 2.1 lm/W to 3.6 lm/W, 4.0 lm/W, and 3.8 lm/W for Gaq(3), Alq(3), and Almq(3), respectively, when doped with an optimized concentration of rubrene. These enhancements are attributed to carrier trapping followed by direct recombination on the rubrene dopant as well as efficient energy transfer from the host to rubrene. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Crisafulli, LA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3283-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3797 BP 432 EP 439 DI 10.1117/12.372740 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics; Polymer Science GA BP45Y UT WOS:000085205700044 ER PT S AU Lindsay, GA Kolega, RR Roberts, MJ Uyeda, HT Therien, M Herman, WN AF Lindsay, GA Kolega, RR Roberts, MJ Uyeda, HT Therien, M Herman, WN BE Eich, M Kuzyk, MG TI Multilayer chi((2)) films from porphyrin chromophores by LBK processing SO ORGANIC NONLINEAR OPTICAL MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials CY JUL 19-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE second-order nonlinear optics; porphyrins; electro-optic films ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; WAVE-GUIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; COMPLEXES; POLYMERS AB Electrooptic films based on a new class of porphyrin chromophores with exceptionally large molecular first hyperpolarizabilities are being developed. These chromophores feature donor and acceptor groups linked to the porphyrin macrocycle at the 5- and 15-meso positions through intervening ethynyl moieties. We report herein preliminary results that describe the ambient temperature assembly of ordered, electrooptic films using the Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn (LBK) method. The facile formation of such films was made possible by the preparation of amphiphilic chromophores containing hydrophobic aliphatic substituents to enhance the polar alignment at the air-water interface. Second harmonic generation and UV-Vis absorption were used to characterize the films as a function of the number of layers deposited. Polar films containing up to 10 layers were made by simple Y-type homolayer deposition, and up to six layers by the Y-type heterolayer method in which the porphyrin layers were interleaved with poly(t-butyl methacrylate). The polar order in these films relaxed exponentially (50% at room temperature after 3 weeks). Ionic structures are recommended for improved stability. C1 USN, NAWCWD, Dept Res, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Lindsay, GA (reprint author), USN, NAWCWD, Dept Res, Chem & Mat Div, Code 4T4220D,1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3282-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3796 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1117/12.368288 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BN98E UT WOS:000083742500032 ER PT S AU Roberts, MJ AF Roberts, MJ BE Kippelen, B Lackritz, HS Claus, RO TI Nonlinear optical films by alternating polyelectrolyte deposition on hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates SO ORGANIC NONLINEAR OPTICAL MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium F on Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials and Devices, at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 06-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID POLYMER; POLYANION AB The formation of acentric films using alternating polyelectrolyte deposition (APD) has been achieved on hydrophobic and hydrophilic glass substrates. APD is a layer-by-layer technique for the formation of polymer films by alternately immersing a substrate in aqueous solutions of a polyanion and a polycation. APD provides precise control of the overall film thickness that through automated processing may exceed a thousand layers. In this study, APD films were made of an NLO-active polycation, stilbazolium-substituted polyepichlorohydrin (SPECH), and NLO-inactive polyanions. The peak maximum W-Visible absorbance in transmission through the films was linear as a function of the number of bilayers. Second harmonic generation (SHG) was used as a tool to indicate acentric order of polarizable sidechain chromophores within the APD films. The SHG exhibited the expected quadratic intensity increase with film thickness. C1 US Dept Navy, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Mat & Chem Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Roberts, MJ (reprint author), US Dept Navy, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Mat & Chem Div, Code 4T4220D,1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-468-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 561 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Optics; Polymer Science GA BN69D UT WOS:000082590800006 ER PT S AU Roberts, MJ Herman, WN Lindsay, GA Wynne, KJ AF Roberts, MJ Herman, WN Lindsay, GA Wynne, KJ BE Kippelen, B TI Nonlinear optical films by alternating polyelectrolyte deposition SO ORGANIC PHOTONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photonic Materials and Devices CY JAN 25-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Def Adv Res Projects Agency DE organic thin films; active waveguide; alternating polyelectrolyte deposition ID POLYANION AB Acentric films of stilbazolium-substituted polyepichlorohydrin (SPECH) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) were formed using alternating polyelectrolyte deposition (APD) on hydrophobic glass substrates. APD is a layer-by-layer technique for the formation of polymer films by alternately immersing a substrate in aqueous solutions of a polyanion and a polycation. APD provides precise control of the overall film thickness that through automated processing may exceed a thousand layers. The peak maximum UV-Visible absorbance in transmission through the SPECH/PSS films was linear as a function of the number of bilayers. Second harmonic generation (SHG) was used as a tool to indicate acentric order of polarizable side-chain chromophores within the APD films. The SHG exhibited the expected quadratic intensity increase with film thickness after 30 bilayers had been deposited. During slow temperature ramping of the SPECH/PSS APD films on hydrophobic glass, in situ SHG measurements revealed that 90% of the polar order is retained at temperatures well over 120 degrees C. The additional minima in the Maker fringe data, created by interference of the second harmonic waves generated at the two sides of a double-coated substrate, were found to go to zero, which is indicative of high quality films. The observed high thermal stability of the polar order makes the APD films attractive for device applications. C1 US Dept Navy, Naval Air Weapons Ctr, Weapons Div, Mat & Chem Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Roberts, MJ (reprint author), US Dept Navy, Naval Air Weapons Ctr, Weapons Div, Mat & Chem Branch, Code 4T4220D,1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3093-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3623 BP 142 EP 146 DI 10.1117/12.348392 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BN13X UT WOS:000080851500016 ER PT J AU Requena, R Hart, AKE Kuhn, JJ AF Requena, R Hart, AKE Kuhn, JJ TI Acute upper airway obstruction in achalasia SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID THORACIC INLET OBSTRUCTION; BELCH REFLEX; ESOPHAGUS; STRIDOR C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Kuhn, JJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 120 IS 1 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0194-5998(99)70378-5 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 156TN UT WOS:000078018300019 PM 9914558 ER PT B AU Yu, SY Natishan, PM Ramaker, DE O'Grady, WE AF Yu, SY Natishan, PM Ramaker, DE O'Grady, WE BE Seo, M MacDougall, B Takahashi, H Kelly, RG TI Ex-situ investigation of chloride interaction with oxides on polycrystalline aluminum prior to pitting SO PASSIVITY AND LOCALIZED CORROSION: AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM IN HONOR OF PROFESSOR NORIO SATO SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint International Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society-Inc and the Electrochemical-Society-of-Japan CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Div Corros, Electrochem Soc Inc, Electrochem Soc Japan AB Two distinct chloride (Cl-) species were detected by x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), using both an electron yield detector and a x-ray fluorescence detector, and by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on the passive oxide films of Al samples that were anodically polarized below the pitting potential. Both XANES and XPS results indicate that Cl- migration occurs from the solution/Al oxide interface into the passive Al oxide film, prior to pit initiation. Once a critical anodic potential is reached, the oxide undergoes dissolution, which was verified by oxide thickness determinations using XPS. The ingress of Cl- into the oxide appears to be a key factor for localized oxide failure, e.g. pitting corrosion. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yu, SY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-250-8 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 27 BP 435 EP 444 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BP90P UT WOS:000086563500047 ER PT B AU Karle, IL AF Karle, IL BE Tam, JP Kaumaya, PTP TI Conformations and use of beta-aminoacid residues SO PEPTIDES: FRONTIERS OF PEPTIDES SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th American Peptide Symposium CY JUN 14-19, 1997 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Peptide Soc, Vanderbilt Univ ID PEPTIDES C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5160-6 PY 1999 BP 103 EP 105 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BP45W UT WOS:000085202200035 ER PT B AU Flippen-Anderson, JL Deschamps, JR Moore, C George, C Hruby, VJ Kazmierski, W Bonner, GG AF Flippen-Anderson, JL Deschamps, JR Moore, C George, C Hruby, VJ Kazmierski, W Bonner, GG BE Tam, JP Kaumaya, PTP TI Solid state conformation of constrained Somatostatin analogs with high potency and specificity for the mu-opioid receptor SO PEPTIDES: FRONTIERS OF PEPTIDES SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th American Peptide Symposium CY JUN 14-19, 1997 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Peptide Soc, Vanderbilt Univ C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Flippen-Anderson, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5160-6 PY 1999 BP 633 EP 634 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BP45W UT WOS:000085202200277 ER PT J AU Dinh, HT Mushrush, GW Beal, EJ AF Dinh, HT Mushrush, GW Beal, EJ TI Determination of nitrogen compound distribution from three source fuels SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHALE OIL PRODUCTS; COAL-TAR PRODUCTS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STORAGE STABILITY; CRUDE OILS; SEPARATION; PETROLEUM AB As part of a world-wide survey of middle distillate fuel instability, three fuels were chosen for detailed GC/MS analysis. These fuels are identified by number and country of origin; FL-2577 was from Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; FL-2599 was from Abamadj, Kuwait; and FL 2592 was from Chiba, Japan. The organonitrogen compounds in the three fuels were separated by mild acid extraction followed by silica gel absorption. This treatment yielded three fractions for each fuel; a basic nitrogen compounds fraction, BNC; a non-basic nitrogen compounds fraction in methylene chloride, mel, NBNC-mcl; and a non-basic nitrogen compounds fraction in methanol, meoh, NBNC-meoh. The three fractions from each fuel were analyzed by combined capillary gc/ms. The organo-nitrogen compounds from each fraction were identified and quantitated. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. US Pharmacopeial Convent Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Fuels Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dinh, HT (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1091-6466 J9 PET SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PY 1999 VL 17 IS 3-4 BP 383 EP 427 DI 10.1080/10916469908949724 PG 45 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 180FK UT WOS:000079375200010 ER PT J AU Howe, JM Spanos, G AF Howe, JM Spanos, G TI Atomic structure of the austenite-cementite interface of proeutectoid cementite plates SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES; GROWTH LEDGES; ALLOY; TRANSFORMATION; MORPHOLOGY; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; PRECIPITATION; DISLOCATIONS; MECHANISM AB In a previous investigation, the atomic habit plane (or terrace plane) of proeutectoid cementite plates in austenite was deduced to be (1 (1) over bar 3)(A)parallel to(101)(C) (where the subscript A indicates austenite and the subscript C cementite), based on conventional transmission electron microscopy and computer-aided atom matching studies. In the present study, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was employed in order to determine directly the atomic structure and atomic habit plane of the cementite-austenite interface corresponding to the broad faces of cementite plates. An Fe-1.3 wt%C-13 wt%Mn alloy was isothermally reacted at 650 degrees C for 100s in order to form cementite plates embedded in a completely retained austenite matrix. The HRTEM observations directly confirm the previous deductions that; firstly (1 (1) over bar 3)(A)parallel to(101)(C) is the terrace plane of proeutectoid cementite plates at the atomic level, secondly the cementite-austenite interfaces contain ledges with a [010](C)parallel to[110](A) line direction, and thirdly the ledges result in an average habit plane of the cementite plates that is inclined with respect to the (101)C parallel to(1 (1) over bar 3)(A) terrace plane. The ledge plane connecting adjacent (1 (1) over bar 3)(A)parallel to(101)(C) terraces was determined to be (001)(C)parallel to((1) over bar 13)(A) and thus is not orthogonal to the terrace plane. A nearly perpendicular pair of edge misfit dislocations is associated with each ledge and terrace. One or both of these dislocations would have to climb in order for the cementite-austenite interface in the vicinity of these ledges to migrate. The ledges are intrinsic features of the interface, that is in most cases they do not result from intersections of faults or other defects with the cementite-austenite interface. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Howe, JM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 35 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 79 IS 1 BP 9 EP 30 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 158WU UT WOS:000078141100002 ER PT S AU Freitas, JA Saparin, GV Nam, OH Zheleva, TS Davis, RF AF Freitas, JA Saparin, GV Nam, OH Zheleva, TS Davis, RF BE Brown, GJ Razeghi, M TI Lateral epitaxial overgrowth for defect-free GaN substrates SO PHOTODETECTORS: MATERIALS AND DEVICES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photodetectors - Materials and Devices IV CY JAN 27-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Denfense Adv Res Projects Agcy DE homoepitaxial; heteroepitaxial; Raman scattering; photoluminescence; cathodoluminescence; exciton; donor; acceptor; recombination ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; DENSITY; RAMAN AB Epitaxial growth techniques have made possible the fabrication of heteroepitaxial GaN films, which are of great interest for fabricating optical, high power and high frequency devices. A major problem for many device applications, however, is that these materials contain high densities of dislocations, between 10(8) and 10(10) cm(-2), which limit device performance. Recently, it has been found that reduced dislocation densities can be achieved using a lateral epitaxial overgrowth technique. Our optical and microstructural studies of un-coalesced and coalesced GaN layers indicate that most of the structural defects are confined only to the patterning apertures and that high quality material is present in the lateral epitaxial overgrown regions. PL measurements indicated that Si impurities have been incorporated in the epitaxial layers. Cathodoluminescence imaging shows the spatial distribution of recombination centers across the homoepitaxial layers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3099-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3629 BP 42 EP 51 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BN06E UT WOS:000080521800002 ER PT S AU Campbell, A Buchner, S Messenger, S AF Campbell, A Buchner, S Messenger, S BE Taylor, EW Berghmans, F TI Optoisolators in the natural radiation environment of space SO PHOTONICS FOR SPACE AND RADIATION ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Photonics for Space and Enhanced Radiation Environments CY SEP 20-21, 1999 CL UNIV FLORENCE, FLORENCE, ITALY SP Univ Florence, Dept Earth Sci, European Opt Soc, SPIE, CNR, NASA, Italian Soc Opt & Photon, Italian Space Agcy HO UNIV FLORENCE DE radiation; optoisolators; displacement; space; photonic ID DAMAGE; OPTOCOUPLERS AB Relatively simple photonic devices like optoisolators have been shown to be surprisingly sensitive to the natural radiation environment of space. This paper will present space results from the Microelectronics and Photonics Testbed Experiment (MPTB) looking into the mechanisms responsible for this damage. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Campbell, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3467-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3872 BP 120 EP 126 DI 10.1117/12.373276 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BP46H UT WOS:000085207000013 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Singh, DJ Ambrosch-Draxl, C AF Mazin, II Singh, DJ Ambrosch-Draxl, C TI Transport, optical, and electronic properties of the half-metal CrO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNET; FILMS AB The electronic structure of CrO2 is critically discussed in terms of the relation of existing experimental data and well converged local-spin-density approximation (LSDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) calculations of the electronic structure and transport properties of this half metal magnet, with a particular emphasis on optical properties. We find only moderate manifestations of many-body effects. Renormalization of the density of states is not large and is in the typical range for transition metals. We find substantial deviations from Drude behavior in the far-infrared optical conductivity. These appear because of the unusually low energy of interband optical transitions. The calculated mass renormalization is found to be rather sensitive to the exchange-correlation functional used and varies from 10% (LSDA) to 90% (GGA), using the latest specific-heat data. We also find that dressing of the electrons by spin fluctuations, because of their high energy, renormalizes the interband optical transition at as high as 4 eV by about 20%. Although we find no clear indications of strong correlations of the Hubbard type, strong electron-magnon scattering related to the half metallic band structure is present and this leads to a nontrivial temperature dependence of the resistivity and some renormalization of the electron spectra. [S0163-1829(99)04301-5]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, CSI, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Graz Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6691, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Draxl, Claudia/O-6189-2016 OI Draxl, Claudia/0000-0003-3523-6657 NR 28 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 1 BP 411 EP 418 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.411 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 155JR UT WOS:000077943800081 ER PT J AU Mochena, M Rajagopal, AK Glembocki, OJ AF Mochena, M Rajagopal, AK Glembocki, OJ TI Theoretical suggestion for experimental detection of magnetism in atomic clusters by photon scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SCATTERING; TIME; SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE; GROWTH AB We suggest that the large magnetic moments carried by atomic clusters of manganese (for example, 25 bohr magnetons for Mn-5 cluster) may be detected by means of polarized optical spectroscopic methods even on a semiconducting substrate. Our estimate for the magnetic part of the cross section for Mn-5 cluster is of the order of 10(-6), including possible resonance contribution from states near the highest occupied molecular orbital state of the cluster. This appears to be well within the accuracy of current spectroscopic techniques. [S0163-1829(99)50402-5]. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mochena, M (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 2 BP R689 EP R692 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.R689 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 158JE UT WOS:000078111600003 ER PT J AU Pederson, MR Khanna, SN AF Pederson, MR Khanna, SN TI Electronic structure and magnetism of Mn12O12 clusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN MOLECULES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; MAGNETIZATION; PARTICLES AB To address the ferrimagnetic state of the Mn-12 acetate matrix [Mn12O12(CH3COO)(16)(H2O)(4)] we have performed all-electron gradient-corrected density-functional calculations on (MnO)(n) with n=1, 2, 4, and 12. In contrast to bulk MnO which is antiferromagnetic, the small (MnO)(n) (n = 1, 2, and 4) clusters are ferromagnetic with Mn moments of 5.0 mu(B) but the ground state of Mn12O12 is ferrimagnetic with a total magnetic moment of 20.0 mu(B) as observed experimentally. The inner Mn sites in Mn12O12 are found to have localized moments of 4.1 mu(B) which are antiferromagnetically coupled to two types of outer Mn with moments of 4.2 mu(B) The cluster is shown to be marked by ionic as well as covalent bonds between Mn d and O p electrons and a strong intracluster magnetic coupling. [S0163-1829(99)51102-8]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch 6692, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch 6692, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 2 BP R693 EP R696 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.R693 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 158JE UT WOS:000078111600004 ER PT J AU Rizos, AK Ngai, KL AF Rizos, AK Ngai, KL TI Experimental determination of the cooperative length scale of a glass-forming liquid near the glass transition temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SOLVENT ROTATIONAL MOBILITY; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; COMPONENT DYNAMICS; AROCLOR SOLUTIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CHAIN DYNAMICS; RELAXATION; PORES AB Photon correlation spectroscopy and dielectric relaxation are used to examine the molecular reorientation relaxation dynamics of a fragile glass-forming liquid Aroclor (a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls), modified by the addition of low- and high-molecular-weight polyisoprene and polybutadiene as a function of temperature and polymer solute concentration. Concentration fluctuation contributes a temperature-dependent broadening of the relaxation spectrum of Aroclor. The rate of change of the Aroclor relaxation spectrum with temperature is more pronounced when the polymers added are of low molecular weight and exhibits a steplike decrease in the neighborhood of some characteristic molecular weight. The radius of gyration of the polymer with this characteristic molecular weight is about 15 Angstrom, which determines the cooperative length scale L(T) of Aroclor to be approximately 30 Angstrom near and above the glass transition temperature. [S1063-651X(98)01811-X]. C1 Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Heraklion 71409, Greece. Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Heraklion 71409, Greece. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rizos, AK (reprint author), Univ Crete, Dept Chem, POB 1527, Heraklion 71409, Greece. EM rizos@talos.cc.uch.gr; ngai@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Rizos, Apostolos/F-6807-2011 NR 27 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 1999 VL 59 IS 1 BP 612 EP 617 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.59.612 PN B PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 158JJ UT WOS:000078112000002 ER PT J AU Andrews, MD Howard, RA Michels, DJ Lamy, PL Schwenn, R Simmett, GM AF Andrews, MD Howard, RA Michels, DJ Lamy, PL Schwenn, R Simmett, GM TI The visibility of "halo" Coronal Mass Ejections SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH PART C-SOLAR-TERRESTIAL AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The January 6, 1997 halo CME is the subject of continuing research due to the large geomagnetic effects of this event. This paper presents a very simplified model which explains the key observational features. The CME is modelled as a hemispherical shell with a cone shaped extension toward the sun. The observed circular are is the projection of the "shoulders" of the CME onto the image plane. The low surface brightness and the fuzzy appearance of the halo CME are naturally explained. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hughes STX, Lanham, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CNRS, Astron Spatiale Lab, F-13012 Marseille, France. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Space Res, Space Res Grp, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Andrews, MD (reprint author), Hughes STX, Lanham, MD USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1464-1917 J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH PT C JI Phys. Chem. Earth Pt. C-Solar-Terr. Planet. Sci. PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1-3 BP 57 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S1464-1917(98)00007-5 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 238LM UT WOS:000082711800007 ER PT J AU Tsurutani, BT Gonzalez, WD Kamide, Y Ho, CM Lakhina, GS Arballo, JK Thorne, RM Pickett, JS Howard, RA AF Tsurutani, BT Gonzalez, WD Kamide, Y Ho, CM Lakhina, GS Arballo, JK Thorne, RM Pickett, JS Howard, RA TI The interplanetary causes of magnetic storms, HILDCAAs and viscous interaction SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH PART C-SOLAR-TERRESTIAL AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; INTERACTION REGIONS; ALFVEN WAVES; HEAVY-IONS; MAGNETOSPHERE; PLASMA; ORIGIN; IRON AB A review of the interplanetary causes of geomagnetic activity is presented. Intense southward interplanetary magnetic fields in the sheath region ahead of fast interplanetary manifestations of solar CMEs (ICMEs), acid the intrinsically high B-Z fields of magnetic clouds within ICMEs, are the two most predominant causes of major storms with D-ST less than or equal to -100 nT. This is true during solar maximum when ICMEs dominate the interplanetary medium and also during the declining phase of the solar cycle when corotating streams and proto-corotating interaction regions (PCIRs) are the dominant large scale structures. PCIRs are high magnetic field regions caused by the interaction of coronal hole high-speed streams with the upstream slow speed streams. PCIRs cause only moderate to weak magnetic storms (rarely storms with D-ST less than or equal to -100 nT) because of the highly variable B-Z structure within them. It is thought that the B-Z fluctuations within the PCIR are compressed high-speed stream Alfven waves. The B-Z fluctuations associated with nonlinear Alfven waves within the high-speed streams cause continuous auroral activity called HILDCAAs. These HILDCAA events lead to annual AE averages that are sometimes higher during the solar cycle descending phase (such as in 1974) than during solar maximum (1979 or 1981). We quantify an upper limit of the efficiency of viscous interaction energy input into the magnetosphere: 1 to 3 x 10(-3) of the solar wind ram energy. This is in contrast to an efficiency of 5 to 10 x 10(-2) for magnetic reconnection during substorms and magnetic storms. Finally, a specific mechanism of viscous interaction is explored: low latitude boundary layer (LLBL) resonant wave-particle interactions. The waves are sufficiently intense to cross-field diffuse magnetosheath plasma onto closed field lines to create the LLBL. Pitch angle scattering will lead to auroral energy deposition of similar to 1 erg cm(-2) s(-1), sufficient for the creation of the dayside aurora. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12201 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa, Aichi 442, Japan. Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tsurutani, BT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Lakhina, Gurbax /C-9295-2012; OI Lakhina, Gurbax /0000-0002-8956-486X NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1464-1917 J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH PT C JI Phys. Chem. Earth Pt. C-Solar-Terr. Planet. Sci. PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1-3 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1016/S1464-1917(98)00014-2 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 238LM UT WOS:000082711800014 ER PT S AU Classen, JH AF Classen, JH BE Kossowsky, R Bose, S Pan, V Durusoy, Z TI Interpretation of the non-linear inductive response of superconducting films SO PHYSICS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE OF VORTEX STATES, FLUX PINNING AND DYNAMICS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES E, APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Physics and Materials Science of Vortex States, Flux Pinning and Dynamics CY JUL 26-AUG 08, 1998 CL KUSADASI, TURKEY SP NATO, Scientif Affairs Div, Natl Sci Fdn, US ID CRITICAL CURRENT-DENSITY; THIN-FILMS AB The two-coil mutual inductance apparatus is a well-known method of measuring the penetration depth in a superconding film. It is shown here that by consideration of harmonics of the drive current transmitted through a film, information about the E(J) relationship may be extracted with considerably more sensitivity than is available via the usual transport measurement. A circuit model is proposed that may be used to calculate the response with reasonable accuracy, at least in the limit of small current density. A contribution due to the reactive non-linearity of the superconductor, due to depairing effects, is also present. Data from a YBCO sample is presented showing the sensitivity of the method and revealing a scaling with frequency that is not understood. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Classen, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-132X BN 0-7923-5663-2 J9 NATO ADV SCI I E-APP PY 1999 VL 356 BP 667 EP 677 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BN24F UT WOS:000081235200035 ER PT J AU Bokde, ALW Lueptow, RM Abraham, B AF Bokde, ALW Lueptow, RM Abraham, B TI Spanwise structure of wall pressure on a cylinder in axial flow SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYER; SHEAR-STRESS; FLUCTUATIONS AB The spanwise structure of wall pressure fluctuations was measured in an axisymmetric turbulent boundary layer on a cylinder parallel to the mean how at a momentum thickness Reynolds number of 2530 and a boundary layer thickness to cylinder radius ratio of 4.81. The measurements were made using miniature hearing aid type condenser microphones with spanwise separations of 0 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees. An improved wall pressure power spectrum was obtained at low frequencies by utilizing a two-point subtraction method to remove low frequency acoustic background noise of the wind tunnel. The spanwise correlations indicate that the spanwise coherent length of the wall pressure is 30 degrees (78v/u(tau) or 0.11 delta). The spanwise coherence is weak and concentrated in a frequency band that is substantially lower than the most energetic frequency band of the wall pressure spectrum. A mode number-frequency decomposition of the wall pressure spectrum indicates that the greatest quantity of energy is in the circumferential modes nearest zero. Modes -4 to 4 contain most of the wall pressure energy. Conditional sampling by pressure peak and VITA detection schemes (where VITA was applied to wall pressure to detect strong pressure gradient events) indicate that the spanwise extent of the high pressure peaks and high wall pressure gradients is 60 degrees ( 156 v/u(tau) or 0.22 delta). (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-6631(99)00101-4]. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Bokde, ALW (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Lueptow, Richard /B-6740-2009; Lueptow, Richard/J-4998-2012; OI Lueptow, Richard/0000-0002-1855-1471 NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JAN PY 1999 VL 11 IS 1 BP 151 EP 161 DI 10.1063/1.869909 PG 11 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 148RA UT WOS:000077544700017 ER PT J AU Calame, JP Garven, M Choi, JJ Nguyen, K Wood, F Blank, M Danly, BG Levush, B AF Calame, JP Garven, M Choi, JJ Nguyen, K Wood, F Blank, M Danly, BG Levush, B TI Experimental studies of bandwidth and power production in a three-cavity, 35 GHz gyroklystron amplifier SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GYROKLYSTRON; PENULTIMATE CAVITY; BAND GYROKLYSTRON; PERFORMANCE; GYROTRON; AMPLIFICATION; OPERATION; DESIGN AB The operating characteristics of a three-cavity, Ka-Band gyroklystron employing a large amount of stagger-tuning are reported. Particular attention is given to examining how the frequency response (peak power, bandwidth, and overall shape) is altered by changes in operating parameters. A peak power of 225 kW at 34.90 GHz, with a 2 mu s pulse length, 32% efficiency, 30.3 dB saturated gain, and a 3 dB bandwidth of 0.82% (286 MHz) was obtained with a 70.2 kV, 10.0 A beam at a magnetic field of 13.07 kG. This operating point represents a compromise between the output power and the bandwidth. The operating magnetic field was found to have a dramatic influence on the power-bandwidth tradeoff; a lower field of 12.91 kG produced 245 kW with 0.63% bandwidth, while a higher field of 13.39 kG increased the bandwidth to 0.94% at a lower power of 200 kW. The results are in excellent agreement with large signal simulations. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)02001-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Kwangwoon Univ, Dept Radio Engn, Seoul, South Korea. KN Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Dyncorp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Calame, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 1999 VL 6 IS 1 BP 285 EP 297 DI 10.1063/1.873283 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 152TD UT WOS:000077792100033 ER PT S AU Johnston, EE Ratner, BD AF Johnston, EE Ratner, BD BE Lee, WW DAgostino, R Wertheimer, MR TI The effect of linear and cyclic precursors on the molecular structure of ether-rich plasma-deposited films SO PLASMA DEPOSITION AND TREATMENT OF POLYMERS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Plasma Deposition and Treatment of Polymers, at the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 02, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID SIMS C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnston, EE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-450-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 544 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BN69B UT WOS:000082590500004 ER PT J AU Berry, A AF Berry, A TI The synthesis and characterization of isobutylantimony compounds SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article DE organoantimony; synthesis; NMR; IR ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; INSB; ANTIMONY; MOCVD; GAAS; TRIISOPROPYLANTIMONY; TERTIARYBUTYLARSINE; NEOPENTYLSTIBINE; TRIMETHYLINDIUM AB Six new isobutyl derivatives of antimony have been synthesized in good yields, including the five-coordinate i-Bu3SbI2 and the three-coordinate i-Bu2SbI, i-Bu2SbBr2, i-BuSbBr2, i-Bu2SbH, and i-BuSbH2. The iodides were made from addition of iodine to i-Bu3Sb and subsequent thermal decomposition of i-Bu3SbI2. The bromides were synthesized by thermal exchange reactions of i-Bu3Sb with SbBr3, and the hydrides from reduction of the bromides with LiAlH4. All compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Berry, A (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Code 6174, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PY 1999 VL 18 IS 20 BP 2609 EP 2615 DI 10.1016/S0277-5387(99)00165-5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 240EE UT WOS:000082812300006 ER PT J AU Mera, AE Goodwin, M Pike, JK Wynne, KJ AF Mera, AE Goodwin, M Pike, JK Wynne, KJ TI Synthesis, characterization and surface analysis using dynamic contact angle measurements of graft copolymers: poly(methyl methacrylate)-g-poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly(methyl methacrylate)-g-poly(trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane) SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE graft copolymers; dynamic contact angle analysis; fouling release behaviour ID BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); SERIES; BULK AB A series of poly(methyl methacrylate)-g-poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly(methyl methacrylate)-g-poly(trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane) copolymers have been synthesized via the 'macromonomer' method by which monofunctional polysiloxane macromonomers are copolymerized with methyl methacrylate. The graft copolymers have been characterized by gel permeation chromatography, H-1 n.m.r. spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Dynamic contact angle (DCA) analysis afforded advancing and receding water contact angles over 15 days immersion in water. The initially hydrophobic polymer surfaces rapidly rearrange in the presence of water to more hydrophilic surfaces. The effects of varying the amount and type of siloxane in the copolymer on DCA results are discussed. The fouling and fouling release behaviour of coatings formulated from the graft copolymers have been evaluated in Chesapeake Bay. Fouling and fouling release behaviour are discussed in the light of DCA results. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Off Naval Res, Phys Sci S&T Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Mera, AE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 38 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN PY 1999 VL 40 IS 2 BP 419 EP 427 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(98)00384-X PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 133CH UT WOS:000076668500015 ER PT B AU Cooper, KP AF Cooper, KP BE Marquis, FDS TI Melt atomization with energetic fluids SO POWDER MATERIALS: CURRENT RESEARCH AND INDUSTRIAL PRACTICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Powder Materials - Current Research and Industrial Practices at the 1999 TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 1999 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP TMS AB Very fine (<10 mu m) metal powders are used in net shape forming via MIM or hot extrusion; electronic components, such as, fine-pitch interconnects; and as fillers in magnetic recording tapes, conducting tapes, capacitative tapes and EMI shielding. Fine metal powders are produced by maximizing the energy required to overcome surface tension forces, thereby increasing the melt surface area. Several melt atomization processes have been developed to achieve maximum energy transfer conditions. We have developed a two-fluid, rapidly spinning dish process. This two-stage atomizer achieves particle size refinement by the combined effects of impact atomization and spinning dish atomization. In this process, an impactor-generated melt spray is directed onto a film of oil on the surface of a rapidly spinning dish. The oil film shears the droplets in the melt spray into finer particles. We studied the effect of rotational speeds and rotational direction on the mean particle size and distribution of tin powder. As expected, the finest particle size was obtained with both impactor and dish spun at high speeds and in the counter-rotating direction. Under these conditions, a mean particle size of 7 mu m was achieved with tin. The finer size fraction powder particles were mostly spherical with a smooth, satellite-free surface. Approximately half of the coarse particles were spherical with a smooth surface and half were irregular with a dimpled surface. The formation of the small, spherical particles involved a) initial formation of electron-transparent flakes from shear forces, b) flake edge curling, c) filament formation, d) Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities in filament and e) spheroidization. The formation of the coarse, dimpled particles appear to be a result of an interrupted fragmentation process. From the morphology in cross-section, it appears that the dimpled particles froze in the midst of the breakup process. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6324,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-456-9 PY 1999 BP 39 EP 48 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP03U UT WOS:000083949700003 ER PT B AU Nordgren, TE Hajian, AR AF Nordgren, TE Hajian, AR BE Hearnshaw, JB Scarfe, CD TI A new multichannel Fourier Transform Spectrometer SO PRECISE STELLAR RADIAL VELOCITIES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 170 on Precise Stellar Radial Velocities CY JUN 21-26, 1998 CL VICTORIA, CANADA SP IAU Commiss 30 ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER AB Stellar spectra have been obtained using a multichannel Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) which incorporates components of the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer. It is well known that a FTS can provide superior wavelength stability as compared to traditional spectrometers. Unfortunately the FTS traditionally suffers from exceptionally poor sensitivity, which until now has limited its uses to sources with high fluxes and/or those with narrow band emission (e.g. the Sun, nebulae, and laboratory samples). We present stellar observations using a new FTS design which overcomes this sensitivity limitation by using a conventional multichannel spectrometer in conjunction with the FTS system. The signal-to-noise ratio of spectra. from our test-bed observations are consistent with the theoretical prediction and show that for N channels the sensitivity scales like N, while the signal-to-noise ratio scales like root N. With this type of an instrument on a 3-m telescope and 9000 channels we expect to be able to detect and measure such exciting astrophysical phenomenon as gravitational redshifts from single, main sequence stars and extrasolar planets of terrestrial mass. C1 USN Observ, NPOI, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Nordgren, TE (reprint author), USN Observ, NPOI, POB 447,Rural Rte 14, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-011-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 185 BP 36 EP 40 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BP16N UT WOS:000084260500005 ER PT B AU Hummel, CA AF Hummel, CA BE Hearnshaw, JB Scarfe, CD TI Imaging and modeling of double stars with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer: a continuation of the Mark III double star program SO PRECISE STELLAR RADIAL VELOCITIES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 170 on Precise Stellar Radial Velocities CY JUN 21-26, 1998 CL VICTORIA, CANADA SP IAU Commiss 30 AB We present results from the new Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI) - the orbit of the double star Mizar A. and measurements of Matar - which are compared to an orbit determined with the predecessor of NPOI, the Mark III Interferometer. Uncertainties of the orbital inclination are between 0.1 and 0.3 degrees; those of the semi-major axis are less than 0.5 percent. We determine the component masses and other parameters of the double star system, including relative photometry, directly through a fit to a combination of interferometric and spectroscopic data. Algorithms were developed to handle any hierarchical stellar system. We describe plans for the study of spectroscopic double stars with NPOI, which draw from our experience with the Mark III binary program. This program yielded orbits of 26 stars, of which 17 were published with mass determinations of 24 components using spectroscopy. The accuracy of the physical parameters were often limited by the spectroscopy. We show that in order to benefit from the high precision of the interferometric observations, new high-precision spectroscopic observations, combined with improved algorithms for the detection of the secondaries, are required. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Hummel, CA (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-011-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 185 BP 416 EP 421 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BP16N UT WOS:000084260500059 ER PT J AU Kihl, DP Sarkani, S AF Kihl, DP Sarkani, S TI Mean stress effects in fatigue of welded steel joints SO PROBABILISTIC ENGINEERING MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE mean stress effects on fatigue; fatigue loadings of welded joints; constant and random amplitude fatigue; modified Goodman correction; Gerber correction; Soderberg correction AB Mean stress effects in steel weldments were examined under both constant and random narrowband amplitude fatigue loadings. The purpose of these tests was to provide experimental data with which to substantiate the use of analytical expressions to account for mean stress effects. Fatigue tests were performed under both tensile and compressive mean stress levels. Test results indicate agreement with the modified Goodman equation to be favorable in accounting for the effect of tensile mean stresses on fatigue life. However, test results from high fatigue loadings (maximum stresses nominally above half ultimate) were found to possess better agreement with the Gerber formulation than with the modified Goodman one. Behavior under compressive mean stresses indicated a linear correction relationship was required, which was less conservative than any of the relationships considered. Test results obtained under random amplitude fatigue loadings exhibited trends similar to those observed under constant amplitude loadings. This finding, along with supporting analysis, indicates that the same correction relationship can be used in the same manner for both constant amplitude and random (narrowband) amplitude loadings. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Civil Mech & Environm Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Sarkani, S (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Civil Mech & Environm Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM sarkani@seas.gwu.edu NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8920 J9 PROBABILIST ENG MECH JI Probab. Eng. Eng. Mech. PD JAN-APR PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S0266-8920(98)00019-8 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mechanics; Mathematics GA 162KP UT WOS:000078345700011 ER PT B AU Mountcastle, S Talmage, D Marsh, S Khan, B Battou, A Lee, DC AF Mountcastle, S Talmage, D Marsh, S Khan, B Battou, A Lee, DC BE Obaidat, MS Marsan, MA TI CASiNO: a component architecture for simulating network objects SO PROCEEDINGS OF 1999 SYMPOSIUM ON PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF COMPUTER AND TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Performance Evaluations of Computer and Telecommunications Systems (SPECTS 99) CY JUL 11-15, 1999 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE telecommunications; protocols; object-orientation; framework; simulators AB We describe the Component Architecture for Simulating Network Objects (CASiNO) useful for the implementation of communication protocol stacks and network simulators. This framework implements a rich, modular coarse-grained dataflow architecture, with an interface to a reactor kernel that manages the application's handlers for asynchronous I/O, real timers, and custom interrupts. These features enable developers to write applications that are driven by both data flow and asynchronous event delivery, while allowing them to keel, these two functionalities distinct. Examples of projects using CASiNO can be found at http://www.nrl.navy.mil/ccs/project/public/sean/SEAN-dev.html and http://www.nrl.navy.mil/ccs/project/public/proust. C1 USN, Res Lab, ITT Syst & Sci, Ctr Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mountcastle, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ITT Syst & Sci, Ctr Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-174-5 PY 1999 BP 261 EP 272 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BQ46W UT WOS:000088420800040 ER PT S AU Meadows, C AF Meadows, C GP IEEE, COMP SOC IEEE, COMP SOC TI A formal framework and evaluation method for network denial of service SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH IEEE COMPUTER SECURITY FOUNDATIONS WORKSHOP SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE COMPUTER SECURITY FOUNDATIONS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE Computer Security Foundations Workshop CY JUN 28-30, 1999 CL MORDANO, ITALY SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Secur & Privacy ID SECURITY PROTOCOLS; AUTHENTICATION AB Denial of service is becoming a growing concern. As our systems communicate more and more,with others that we know less and less, they become increasingly vulnerable To hostile intruders who may take advantage of the very protocols intended for the establishment and authentication of communication to tie up our resources and disable our sewers. Since these attacks occur before parties are authenticated to each other we cannot rely upon enforcement of the appropriate access control policy to protect us (as is recommended in the classic work of Gligor and Millen in [5, 18, 19]). Instead we must build our defenses, as much as possible, into the protocols themselves. This paper shows how some principles that have already been used to make protocols more resistant to denial of service can be formalized, and indicates the ways in which existing cryptographic protocol analysis tools could be modified to operate within this formal framework. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meadows, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5543, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6900 BN 0-7695-0202-4 J9 P IEEE CSFW PY 1999 BP 4 EP 13 DI 10.1109/CSFW.1999.779758 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN37M UT WOS:000081719300001 ER PT S AU Volpano, D AF Volpano, D GP IEEE, COMP SOC IEEE, COMP SOC TI Formalization and proof of secrecy properties SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH IEEE COMPUTER SECURITY FOUNDATIONS WORKSHOP SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE COMPUTER SECURITY FOUNDATIONS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE Computer Security Foundations Workshop CY JUN 28-30, 1999 CL MORDANO, ITALY SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Secur & Privacy C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Volpano, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6900 BN 0-7695-0202-4 J9 P IEEE CSFW PY 1999 BP 92 EP 95 DI 10.1109/CSFW.1999.779765 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN37M UT WOS:000081719300008 ER PT S AU Skolnik, M AF Skolnik, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Improvements for air-surveillance radar SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE: RADAR INTO THE NEXT MILLENNIUM SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Radar Conference on Radar Into the Next Millennium CY APR 20-22, 1999 CL WALTHAM, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Aerospace & Electr Syst Soc ID ARRAY AB Both a near-term and a far-term radar concept for improved air-surveillance are described. The near term concept is based on operating simultaneously with multiple frequencies over two radar bands to obtain the benefits of more uniform coverage in elevation, improved target detection, improved automatic tracking, target height-finding without the need for a 3D antenna, elementary target recognition, and other attributes that result from operating over a very wide band. The far-term concept is based on operating an air-surveillance radar with a very wide bandwidth as in the near-term approach, but with an architecture quite different from that used in current air-surveillance radars. This radar looks everywhere all the time with a number of fixed directive receiving beams and an omnidirectional transmitting beam, The spatial, temporal, and spectral domains are used along with digital beamforming and digital signal processing to allow this ubiquitous radar to perform multiple functions in parallel with variable data rates and without time sharing so as to achieve simultaneous weapon control and surveillance, reduced susceptibility to intercept, and other capabilities difficult to obtain with conventional analog beamforming methods. C1 USN, Res Lab, Syst Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Skolnik, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Syst Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-4977-6 J9 RADAR CONF PY 1999 BP 18 EP 21 DI 10.1109/NRC.1999.767195 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN39H UT WOS:000081778900004 ER PT S AU Hansen, P Scheff, K AF Hansen, P Scheff, K GP IEEE IEEE TI Measurements of ocean forward scatter with an ultrawideband radar SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE: RADAR INTO THE NEXT MILLENNIUM SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Radar Conference on Radar Into the Next Millennium CY APR 20-22, 1999 CL WALTHAM, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Aerospace & Electr Syst Soc AB This paper presents an experiment description. along with data examples, for ultrawideband radar measurements of low grazing angle forward scatter associated with a test target mounted above a wind disturbed sea surface. The measurement radar used subnanosecond transmit pulses (0.15 ns, 3 dB pulsewidth) at a 9 Ghz center frequency to achieve resolutions as fine as 2 cm in the range dimension. This resolution was sufficient to fully resolve direct and multipath (both single and double bounce) contributions to the signal reflecting from a tower mounted retro reflector. The geometry presented a nominal 3 degree grazing angle for forward scatter. Dual polarized data examples, taken for a variety of wind conditions, highlight changes in the magnitude and the location of the scatter components with time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hansen, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-4977-6 J9 RADAR CONF PY 1999 BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1109/NRC.1999.767292 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN39H UT WOS:000081778900025 ER PT S AU McLean, J AF McLean, J GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Twenty years of formal methods SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY SE PROCEEDINGS: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy CY MAY 09-12, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Secur & Privacy, Int Assoc Cryptol Res C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McLean, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1081-6011 BN 0-7695-0176-1 J9 P IEEE S SECUR PRIV PY 1999 BP 115 EP 116 DI 10.1109/SECPRI.1999.766907 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN17U UT WOS:000080981000012 ER PT S AU Isa, HR Shockley, WR Irvine, CE AF Isa, HR Shockley, WR Irvine, CE GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A multi-threading architecture for multilevel secure transaction processing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY SE PROCEEDINGS: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy CY MAY 09-12, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Secur & Privacy, Int Assoc Cryptol Res ID SYSTEMS AB A TCB and security kernel architecture for supporting multi-threaded, queue-driven transaction processing applications in a multilevel secure environment is presented. Our design exploits hardware security features of the Intel 80x86 processor family. Intel's CPU architecture provides hardware with two distinct descriptor tables. We use one of these in the usual way for process isolation. For each process, the descriptor table holds the descriptors of "system-low" segments, such as code segments, used by every thread in a process. We use the second table to hold descriptors for segments known to individual threads within the process. This allocation, together with an appropriately designed scheduling policy, permits us to avoid the full cost of process creation when only switching between threads of different security classes in the same process. Where large numbers of transactions are encountered on transaction queues, this approach has benefits over traditional multilevel systems. C1 USN, Washington, DC USA. RP Isa, HR (reprint author), USN, 4251 Suitland Ave, Washington, DC USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1081-6011 BN 0-7695-0176-1 J9 P IEEE S SECUR PRIV PY 1999 BP 166 EP 180 DI 10.1109/SECPRI.1999.766912 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN17U UT WOS:000080981000017 ER PT S AU Meadows, C AF Meadows, C GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Analysis of the Internet key exchange protocol using the NRL protocol analyzer SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY SE PROCEEDINGS: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy CY MAY 09-12, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Secur & Privacy, Int Assoc Cryptol Res ID SECURITY PROTOCOLS AB In this paper we show how the NRL Protocol Analyzer, a special-purpose formal methods tool designed for the verification of cryptographic protocols, was used in the analysis of the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol. We describe some of the challenges we faced in analyzing IKE, which specifies a set of closely related subprotocols, and we show how this led to a number of improvements to the Analyzer. We also describe the results of our analysis, which uncovered several ambiguities and omissions in the specification which would have made possible attacks on some implementations that conformed to the letter, if not necessarily the intentions, of the specifications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meadows, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5543, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1081-6011 BN 0-7695-0176-1 J9 P IEEE S SECUR PRIV PY 1999 BP 216 EP 231 DI 10.1109/SECPRI.1999.766916 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN17U UT WOS:000080981000021 ER PT B AU Efros, AL Rosen, M AF Efros, AL Rosen, M BE Cahay, M Lockwood, DJ Leburton, JP Bandyopadhyay, S TI Optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals embedded in dielectric media SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON QUANTUM CONFINEMENT: NANOSTRUCTURES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Quantum Confinement - Nanostructures CY NOV 02-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Dielect Sci & Technol, Electrochem Soc, Electr, Luminescence & Display Mat Div ID CDSE QUANTUM DOTS; SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTALLITES; ABSORPTION; ASSIGNMENT; SPECTRUM AB The optical properties of 1 to 5 nm radius crystals embedded in various dielectric media are discussed. These properties are determined by transitions between electron and hole quantum size levels. An analytical theory of the QSLs within a spherical 8-band Pidgeon and Brown model has been developed This theory explicitly includes the coupling of conduction and valence bands, the 6-band structure of the valence band and naturally generalizes all previous multi-band considerations. The theory successfully describes the structure of the absorption spectra and transition oscillator strengths in narrow gap InAs nanocrystals using bulk band parameters. The interaction of electron and hole spins with the spins of paramagnetic centers is usually weak in bulk semiconductors because the interaction occurs via a contact potential. However, in nanosize quantum dots this interaction, which is proportional to the square of the electron and hole wave functions at the position of the para magnetic center, increases dramatically as the inverse of the volume of the quantum dot. As a result, the effective magnetic field of a paramagnetic center acting on electron spins is several orders of magnitude larger than in the bulk and can be as large as several hundred Tesla. This field should lead to a giant splitting of the spin sublevels of electrons and holes of as much as to several tens of meV and to giant Magnetic Circular Dichroism and Faraday effects whose magnitudes strongly depend on nanocrystal size. C1 USN, Res Lab, Nanostruct Opt Sect, Washington, DC 20579 USA. RP Efros, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Nanostruct Opt Sect, Washington, DC 20579 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-213-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 98 IS 19 BP 177 EP 191 PG 15 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BM76B UT WOS:000079704800015 ER PT B AU Rendell, RW AF Rendell, RW BE Cahay, M Lockwood, DJ Leburton, JP Bandyopadhyay, S TI Adaptive control of single-electron circuit signatures for computation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON QUANTUM CONFINEMENT: NANOSTRUCTURES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Quantum Confinement - Nanostructures CY NOV 02-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Dielect Sci & Technol, Electrochem Soc, Electr, Luminescence & Display Mat Div ID DOUBLE-QUANTUM DOT; COULOMB-BLOCKADE; DIGITAL CIRCUITS; ARRAYS AB An approach to computation with single-electron circuits is discussed in which information encoded in sensitive circuit signatures is adaptively tuned by adjusting circuit variables to achieve a computationally useful goal. Examples are presented based on numerical simulation of model circuits in which the adapted signatures are (1) conductance spectra of asymmetric coupled quantum dots and (2) the bistable control phase diagram of driven quantum dots. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rendell, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-213-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 98 IS 19 BP 574 EP 581 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BM76B UT WOS:000079704800047 ER PT B AU Wallace, J Peterson, L Leonard, G Celano, J Brutocao, J Caldwell, J AF Wallace, J Peterson, L Leonard, G Celano, J Brutocao, J Caldwell, J BE Tentner, A TI IMPORT v2.0 Beta 1: A tool for large scale, complex system simulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING SYMPOSIUM - HPC '99 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Advanced Simulation Technologies Conference (ASTC 99) CY APR 11-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int AB Over the last two decades, researchers have attempted to develop large-scale simulations spanning many levels of system resolution. The wargaming models developed by operations researchers in support of defense department decision-makers are an example. These efforts to develop simulations of large parts of reality, from switching circuits to human decision making, have made use of most of what is known about software technologies and techniques. We describe a new simulation software-engineering tool, IMPORT v2.0 Beta 1, which simplifies the representation of complex systems and allows the simulation of large numbers of simulated entities simultaneously. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Command, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Wallace, J (reprint author), USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Command, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-166-4 PY 1999 BP 267 EP 272 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN24B UT WOS:000081234800044 ER PT S AU Oser, RL Jentsch, FG Bowers, CA Salas, E AF Oser, RL Jentsch, FG Bowers, CA Salas, E GP HFES HFES TI Using automation to support decision making: Challenges and training research requirements SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 43RD ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc ID MENTAL MODELS; PERFORMANCE AB Many of today's complex environments require operators to interact with sophisticated systems that are multi-modal and automated. Despite considerable advancements in systems design, performance is not always optimal. Research suggests that one reason for non-optimal performance may be due to inaccuracies in operators' understanding of how these complex systems work. These inaccuracies may lead to: (a) a bias towards use of automation, (b) over-trusting the automation, or (c) diffusing responsibility to the automation. Unfortunately, few theoretically-derived strategies exist to guide training design that builds an appropriate understanding of how the system works in addition to how to work the system. In this paper we take a training perspective to describe how and why automation may or may not be used to support decision making. Specifically, the paper will briefly: (1) discuss the training problems with human-computer teams, (2) describe a number of theoretical underpinnings for the problem, (3) provide an over-view of challenges for addressing the problem, (4) forward two potential research areas that may mediate the challenges, and (5) describe expected payoffs for research in these areas. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL USA. RP Oser, RL (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 USA SN 1071-1813 BN 0-945289-12-X J9 HUM FAC ERG SOC P PY 1999 BP 354 EP 358 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA BS93U UT WOS:000171438400068 ER PT S AU Sinai, MJ Krebs, WK Darken, RP Rowland, JH McCarley, JS AF Sinai, MJ Krebs, WK Darken, RP Rowland, JH McCarley, JS GP HFES HFES TI Egocentric distance perception in a virutal environment using a perceptual matching task SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 43RD ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc ID VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS; GUIDED LOCOMOTION; VISUAL SPACE; KNOWLEDGE; REAL AB Objective: To determine whether egocentric distance judgments are accurate in a virtual environment using a perceptual matching task. Methods: Observers were immersed within a virtual environment consisting of an L-shaped room with a test object (a column) located down one corridor and a comparison object (a flagpole) located down the other. Perceived distances were measured by having the observers move the comparison object to match the distance to the test object. Textures in each corridor were independently varied, as was the size of the test object. Results: Significant effects were found for the texture pattern under the test object and for distance, but not for the texture under the comparison object or column size. Performance was best with a regular (brick) pattern. Overall, observers' judgments overestimated distance to the test object by approximately 7%. Conclusions: Egocentric distance judgments were relatively accurate compared to past research. Texture affected performance, with a regular pattern producing highest accuracy. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sinai, MJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 USA SN 1071-1813 BN 0-945289-12-X J9 HUM FAC ERG SOC P PY 1999 BP 1256 EP 1260 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA BS93U UT WOS:000171438400242 ER PT S AU Krebs, WK McCarley, JS Kozek, T Miller, GM Sinai, MJ Werblin, FS AF Krebs, WK McCarley, JS Kozek, T Miller, GM Sinai, MJ Werblin, FS GP HFES HFES TI An evaluation of a sensor fusion system to improve drivers' nighttime detection of road hazards SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 43RD ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc AB To determine whether combination of two spectral bands within a single sensor-fused image can improve drivers' detection of road hazards. Methods: Images were collected with visible and short wave infrared sensors, and were combined by an image fusion algorithm derived from a computational model of human retinal processing (Werblin et al., 1997). Test stimuli were single-band and fused images of a nighttime scene, collected with sensors mounted atop a vehicle and facing down a stretch of road into an opposing vehicle's headlights. The intensity of the opposing headlights was varied to produce images of low and of high glare. The subjects' task was to detect the presence of a pedestrian within each image. Results: Sensor-fused imagery reliably produced performance better than or equivalent to that produced by either format of single-band imagery. Conclusions: Sensor fusion may provide an effective method of facilitating the detection of road hazards under low visibility conditions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Krebs, WK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 USA SN 1071-1813 BN 0-945289-12-X J9 HUM FAC ERG SOC P PY 1999 BP 1333 EP 1337 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA BS93U UT WOS:000171438400257 ER PT B AU Paduan, JD Delgado, R Vesecky, JF Fernandez, Y Daida, J Teague, C AF Paduan, JD Delgado, R Vesecky, JF Fernandez, Y Daida, J Teague, C BE Anderson, SP Terray, EA White, JAR Williams, AJ TI Mapping coastal winds with HF radar SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE SIXTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT MEASUREMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 6th Working Conference on Current Measurement CY MAR 11-13, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE AB Over-water wind speeds and directions derived from a ground-wave high frequency (HF) radar-the Multi-frequency Coastal Radar (MCR)-are compared to in-situ observations to examine the skill of the radar measurements. Conventional beam formation processing of radar data collected from two sites around Monterey Bay during summer 1997 is used to produce wind directions based on the relative strength of the positive and negative Bragg-resonant peaks, which correspond to wind-driven waves approaching and receding from the radar, respectively. The functional relationship that converts these signal levels, which primarily reflect surface wave conditions, to a wind direction remains a central research issue. To address this issue, the remotely sensed estimates are compared against moored observations under variable wind conditions. Wind direction algorithms based on Bragg ratios applied to this or any HF radar cannot detect wind speed. However, the unique capability of the MCR to, simultaneously, measure at four Bragg-resonant frequencies Is used here to assess the sensitivity of near-surface current shear to the measured wind speed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Paduan, JD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5505-9 PY 1999 BP 28 EP 32 DI 10.1109/CCM.1999.755209 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BM69M UT WOS:000079487900006 ER PT B AU Trump, CL Allan, N Marmorino, GO AF Trump, CL Allan, N Marmorino, GO BE Anderson, SP Terray, EA White, JAR Williams, AJ TI Using side-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and Doppler radar systems to characterize a convergent surface front SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE SIXTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT MEASUREMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 6th Working Conference on Current Measurement CY MAR 11-13, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE AB A commercial 300 kHz narrowband ADCP was used in a "side-looking" mode with two beams set parallel to the surface at a depth of 0.6 m. Each beam estimated radial velocities and backscatter intensity from the ship to a range of 120 m. Similarly an experimental X-band, vertically polarized, Doppler radar also estimated the radial velocities and backscatter intensity, of the ocean surface, to a range of 200 m. The two instruments were mounted on opposite sides of the ship and data will be reported from a period when the ship sailed parallel to, and zigzagged across, a surface front. The backscatter data from both systems clearly mapped the location of the front in a consistent manner. The backscatter data from both systems could distinguish between the water types on either side of the front. Both systems measured a strong velocity signal at the front. The ADCP velocities portrayed a definite convergence zone. But the radar velocities portrayed a pattern complicated by surface waves. The incidence angle, relative to the surface, of the ADCP beams was a function of ship's roll. By using measured rolls, it was found that the ADCP data could be depth sorted allowing a two-dimensional characterization of the front in the upper few meters. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trump, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7250, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5505-9 PY 1999 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1109/CCM.1999.755229 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BM69M UT WOS:000079487900028 ER PT J AU Wu, C AF Wu, C TI Intelligent computer aided optimization of power and energy systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART A-JOURNAL OF POWER AND ENERGY LA English DT Article DE intelligent computer; optimization; cycle; power and energy AB CyclePad, an intelligent computer aided instruction (ICAI) software package is described. It can be used for design, analysis and improvement of power and energy systems. Performance and sensitivity analysis of a Brayson cycle are discussed in order to illustrate its capabilities. C1 USN Acad, Dept Navy, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wu, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Navy, Dept Mech Engn, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE,, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 0957-6509 J9 P I MECH ENG A-J POW JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part A-J. Power Energy PY 1999 VL 213 IS A1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1243/0957650991537383 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 186TC UT WOS:000079744200002 ER PT J AU Song, G Cai, L Wang, Y AF Song, G Cai, L Wang, Y TI Robust friction compensation for precise and smooth position regulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART I-JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND CONTROL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE stick-slip friction; non-linear friction; friction compensation; robust control; Lyapunov's second method AB In this paper, a smooth robust time-varying controller is proposed to regulate a servo-system with stick-slip friction. The controller has the advantage of simultaneously achieving zero regulating error and smoothness of motion. Only an upper bound on the maximum static friction torque is required for controller design. Lyapunov's second method is employed to prove the global asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system. Numerical simulations of regulating a servo-system with friction are presented as an illustration. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Columbia Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Song, G (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE,, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 0959-6518 J9 P I MECH ENG I-J SYS JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part I-J Syst Control Eng. PY 1999 VL 213 IS I2 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1243/0959651991540467 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 203WP UT WOS:000080731400006 ER PT S AU Zueck, R Palo, P Taylor, R Remmers, G AF Zueck, R Palo, P Taylor, R Remmers, G BE Chung, JS Matsui, T Koterayama, W TI Mobile offshore base: Research spin-offs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH (1999) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 1, 1999 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-99) CY MAY 30-JUN 04, 1999 CL BREST, FRANCE SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers, Canadian Assoc Petr Producers, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Korea Comm Ocean Resources & Engn, Canadian Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Chinese Soc Ocean Engineers, Chinese Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Chinese Soc Theoret & Applied Mech, Russian Acad Sci, Singapore Struct Steel Soc, Norwegian Petr Soc, Inst Engineers Australia, Kansai Soc Naval Architects, Japan, IRO, Netherlands, Tech Res Ctr Finland, Soc Mat Sci, Japan, Offshore Engn Soc, UK, Ukraine Soc Mech Engineers, IFREMER, France, Scott Polar Res Inst, UK, Inst Engineers Indonesia, Brazilian Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers DE floating airfield; semisubmersible; classification guide; hydroelastic; stability; dynamic positioning; and connectors AB A Mobile Offshore Base (MOB) is a large floating platform that provides a forward-deployable logistics facility for military hardware. Capable of handling conventional fixed wing aircraft, the MOB will nominally be 1,500 meters (5,000 feet) long. Critical technologies include design standards, analysis tools, and design concepts. Although the overall research program focuses on the fundamental question of whether a MOB is feasible, the funded research work in design standards, analysis tools, and component concepts is helping to advance the general design and analysis capabilities of the offshore industry. This paper highlights some of these possible research spin-offs. C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93041 USA. RP Zueck, R (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93041 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-40-0 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 1999 BP 10 EP 16 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Geological; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BN17V UT WOS:000080987600002 ER PT S AU Zueck, RF AF Zueck, RF BE Chung, JS Frederking, RMW Saeki, H Moshagen, H Roesset, JM TI Modeling the pay-out and reel-in of cable SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH (1999) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL II, 1999 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-99) CY MAY 30-JUN 04, 1999 CL BREST, FRANCE SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers, Canadian Assoc Petr Producers, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Korea Comm Ocean Resources & Engn, Canadian Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Chinese Soc Ocean Engineers, Chinese Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Chinese Soc Theoret & Applied Mech, Russian Acad Sci, Singapore Struct Steel Soc, Norwegian Petr Soc, Inst Engineers Australia, Kansai Soc Naval Architects, Japan, IRO, Netherlands, Tech Res Ctr Finland, Soc Mat Sci, Japan, Offshore Engn Soc, UK, Ukraine Soc Mech Engineers, IFREMER, France, Scott Polar Res Inst, UK, Inst Engineers Indonesia, Brazilian Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers DE nonlinear; dynamic; analysis; cable; pay-out; reel-in AB what shape and tension does a cable take when it is payed-out or reeled-in from a ship? This paper presents a numerically simple bur physically complete method for modeling the structural behavior of an underwater cable being payed-out and reeled-in. This new capability was a natural addition to Multi-Body Dynamic Simulation (MBDSIM), a computer code that can robustly simulate the structural response of cables, seafloor plows, and other highly compliant ocean structures. Example problems at the end of the paper demonstrate the robustness of the code, even for radical pay-out or reel-in maneuvers. This robustness is not found in traditional cable analysis codes. C1 USN, Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93041 USA. RP Zueck, RF (reprint author), USN, Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93041 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-41-9 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 1999 BP 340 EP 344 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Marine; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Geology GA BN17W UT WOS:000080987700046 ER PT S AU Barthelemy, JL AF Barthelemy, JL BE Chung, JS Frederking, RMW Saeki, H Moshagen, H Roesset, JM TI LC-130H parking curves for operating from skiways SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH (1999) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL II, 1999 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-99) CY MAY 30-JUN 04, 1999 CL BREST, FRANCE SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers, Canadian Assoc Petr Producers, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Korea Comm Ocean Resources & Engn, Canadian Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Chinese Soc Ocean Engineers, Chinese Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Chinese Soc Theoret & Applied Mech, Russian Acad Sci, Singapore Struct Steel Soc, Norwegian Petr Soc, Inst Engineers Australia, Kansai Soc Naval Architects, Japan, IRO, Netherlands, Tech Res Ctr Finland, Soc Mat Sci, Japan, Offshore Engn Soc, UK, Ukraine Soc Mech Engineers, IFREMER, France, Scott Polar Res Inst, UK, Inst Engineers Indonesia, Brazilian Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers DE VISICE; finite-element model; linear visco-elasticity; sea-ice runways; ski-ways AB The finite-element computer program VISICE has been used to upgrade ice thickness criteria for the 109(th) Airlift Wing of the New York Air National Guard regarding the operation of ski-equipped LC-130 Hercules aircraft from thin, snow-covered ice sheets. Because a snow cover provides a blanketing effect that warms the ice sheet, a thermal network analysis was completed to define near-surface temperatures used as input to VISICE. The results model the limits of ice thickness and aircraft weight at which the Hercules can remain parked for a required number of minutes. C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93041 USA. RP Barthelemy, JL (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93041 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-41-9 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 1999 BP 647 EP 653 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Marine; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Geology GA BN17W UT WOS:000080987700098 ER PT S AU Hwang, PA Walsh, EJ Krabill, WB Wright, W Swift, RN AF Hwang, PA Walsh, EJ Krabill, WB Wright, W Swift, RN BE Chung, JS Olagnon, M Kim, CH Francescutto, A TI Spatial distribution of breaking waves: An airborne measurement technique SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH (1999) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL III, 1999 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-99) CY MAY 30-JUN 04, 1999 CL BREST, FRANCE SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers, Canadian Assoc Petr Producers, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Korea Comm Ocean Resources & Engn, Canadian Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Chinese Soc Ocean Engineers, Chinese Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Chinese Soc Theoret & Applied Mech, Russian Acad Sci, Singapore Struct Steel Soc, Norwegian Petr Soc, Inst Engineers Australia, Kansai Soc Naval Architects, Japan, IRO, Netherlands, Tech Res Ctr Finland, Soc Mat Sci, Japan, Offshore Engn Soc, UK, Ukraine Soc Mech Engineers, IFREMER, France, Scott Polar Res Inst, UK, Inst Engineers Indonesia, Brazilian Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers DE breaking waves; remote sensing; spatial measurements; phase distribution ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; LASER ALTIMETRY AB Airborne scanning laser ranging allows rapid measurements of the ocean wave topography. In addition to active ranging, the scanning optics obtain passive measurements of the surface emissivity, yielding a real-time digital image of the surface brightness. Processed into a binary image, these measurements provide information on the average statistics and the spatial distribution of whitecaps. Spatial and phase distributions of breaking events are analyzed from combining active ranging data and passive signals. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-42-7 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 1999 BP 213 EP 216 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Marine; Mechanics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mechanics; Oceanography GA BN17X UT WOS:000080988000034 ER PT S AU Sarpkaya, T AF Sarpkaya, T BE Chung, JS Olagnon, M Kim, CH Francescutto, A TI Resistance in unsteady flow: Search for an in-line force model SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH (1999) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL III, 1999 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-99) CY MAY 30-JUN 04, 1999 CL BREST, FRANCE SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers, Canadian Assoc Petr Producers, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Korea Comm Ocean Resources & Engn, Canadian Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Chinese Soc Ocean Engineers, Chinese Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Chinese Soc Theoret & Applied Mech, Russian Acad Sci, Singapore Struct Steel Soc, Norwegian Petr Soc, Inst Engineers Australia, Kansai Soc Naval Architects, Japan, IRO, Netherlands, Tech Res Ctr Finland, Soc Mat Sci, Japan, Offshore Engn Soc, UK, Ukraine Soc Mech Engineers, IFREMER, France, Scott Polar Res Inst, UK, Inst Engineers Indonesia, Brazilian Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers DE Morison's equation; unsteady flow; wave forces; hydrodynamics ID OSCILLATORY FLOW; NUMBERS AB This paper offers an improvement to the Morison, O'Brien, Johnson, and Schaaf (MOJS, 1950) representation of the in-line force for a sinusoidally oscillating flow. The modification proposed herein consists of the addition of a third term, without the introduction of additional empirical coefficients. The three-term model is expected to offer greater universality and higher engineering reliability, particularly in the inertia-drag regime where the original MOJS equation fails. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Sarpkaya, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-42-7 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 1999 BP 427 EP 432 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Marine; Mechanics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mechanics; Oceanography GA BN17X UT WOS:000080988000063 ER PT S AU Lin, SS AF Lin, SS BE Grundy, P Koo, J Langen, I Ueda, Y TI Development of a rapid pile splicer for the navy modular elevated causeway system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH (1999) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL IV, 1999 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-99) CY MAY 30-JUN 04, 1999 CL BREST, FRANCE SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers, Canadian Assoc Petr Producers, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Korea Comm Ocean Resources & Engn, Canadian Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Chinese Soc Ocean Engineers, Chinese Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Chinese Soc Theoret & Applied Mech, Russian Acad Sci, Singapore Struct Steel Soc, Norwegian Petr Soc, Inst Engineers Australia, Kansai Soc Naval Architects, Japan, IRO, Netherlands, Tech Res Ctr Finland, Soc Mat Sci, Japan, Offshore Engn Soc, UK, Ukraine Soc Mech Engineers, IFREMER, France, Scott Polar Res Inst, UK, Inst Engineers Indonesia, Brazilian Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers DE modules; elevated causeway; pile splicing; amphibious logistics AB This paper presents results of the technological development of a rapid automated pile splicer to be used in support of the Navy Modular Elevated Causeway System (ELCAS(M)). The ELCAS(M) is deployed to transfer equipment and supplies from ships moored offshore to any unimproved beach staging area. Rapid erection of the ELCAS(M) is essential in delivering the emergent vital logistics supplies to the Marine fighting units ashore during an amphibious operation. The results of ELCAS(M) exercises indicated that the sp stem installation did not meet the mission rime requirement. Several technological deficiencies may have contributed to the mission delays. The innovative automated pile splicing technology can reduce splicing time from the current 3 to 4 hours to less than 40 minutes per splice, This lime savings represents a significant improvement since the splicing process is on the critical path of the ELCAS(M) installation. C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Lin, SS (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-43-5 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 1999 BP 554 EP 557 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Geological; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Composites SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BN17Y UT WOS:000080988400085 ER PT S AU Chang, SJ AF Chang, SJ BE Grundy, P Koo, J Langen, I Ueda, Y TI Seabasing naval operations: The challenges ahead SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH (1999) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL IV, 1999 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-99) CY MAY 30-JUN 04, 1999 CL BREST, FRANCE SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers, Canadian Assoc Petr Producers, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Korea Comm Ocean Resources & Engn, Canadian Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Chinese Soc Ocean Engineers, Chinese Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Chinese Soc Theoret & Applied Mech, Russian Acad Sci, Singapore Struct Steel Soc, Norwegian Petr Soc, Inst Engineers Australia, Kansai Soc Naval Architects, Japan, IRO, Netherlands, Tech Res Ctr Finland, Soc Mat Sci, Japan, Offshore Engn Soc, UK, Ukraine Soc Mech Engineers, IFREMER, France, Scott Polar Res Inst, UK, Inst Engineers Indonesia, Brazilian Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers DE seabasing; OMFTS; Naval Expeditionary Force; Marine Corps; logistics; radio frequency identification AB New United Stales Marine Corps (USMC) "Operational Maneuver From the Sea" (OMFTS) doctrine suggests that the future Naval Expeditionary Force (NEF) will operate from a seabase offshore to multiple delivery points inland with fewer people, Inherent in the OMFTS doctrine is the need to establish a viable "Seabase" with all the logistical capabilities required to support the maneuver elements from long standoff distances. This paper discusses some of the challenges facing the logistics community to sustain such an operation. Specific areas that will be addressed include: seabasing supplies and equipment. material distribution. total asset visibility and landing zone support. C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Chang, SJ (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-43-5 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 1999 BP 558 EP 562 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Geological; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Composites SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BN17Y UT WOS:000080988400086 ER PT B AU Jenkins, WC Liu, ST Brusius, P Balster, S AF Jenkins, WC Liu, ST Brusius, P Balster, S BE Hemment, PLF TI Hot carrier lifetime of SOI CMOS transistors fabricated in ADVANTOX SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SILICON-ON-INSULATOR TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Silicon-on-Insulator Technology and Devices, at the 195th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 02-07, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div ID DEGRADATION AB The hot electron lifetime of 0.35 mu m, as drawn gate length, partially-depleted SOI CMOS transistors with 10 nm gate oxide fabricated in ADVANTOX(TM) material is investigated using DC stressing and the peak substrate current methodology. The percent degradation of the reverse drain current at a Vdd of 4.5V is fitted to a power law. The hot electron lifetime for 3.3V operation is calculated from the 4.5V DC stressing data, and is projected to be longer than 10 years. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jenkins, WC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-225-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 3 BP 213 EP 218 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BM89N UT WOS:000080052300030 ER PT B AU Moran, PJ Frankenthal, RP AF Moran, PJ Frankenthal, RP BE Kelley, RG Frankel, GS Natishan, PM Newman, RC TI A corrosionist and a gentleman: Jerome Kruger SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON CRITICAL FACTORS IN LOCALIZED CORROSION III: A SYMPOSIUM IN HONOR OF THE 70TH BIRTHDAY OF JEROME KRUGER SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Critical Factors in Localized Corrosion III - A Symposium in Honor of Jerome Kurgers 70th Birthday CY NOV 01, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA AB This biography on the life and career of Professor Jerome Kruger was written on the occasion of a special symposium of the Electrochemical Society, Inc. The symposium, entitled "Critical Factors in Localized Corrosion III-A Symposium in Honor of the 70(th) Birthday of Jerome Kruger", was held at the 194(th) Meeting of The Electrochemical Society in Boston, Mg November 1-6, 1998. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Moran, PJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-211-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 98 IS 17 BP XI EP XV PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM76C UT WOS:000079705400001 ER PT B AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E BE Kelley, RG Frankel, GS Natishan, PM Newman, RC TI Surface hydroxyls: The outermost layer of the passive film SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON CRITICAL FACTORS IN LOCALIZED CORROSION III: A SYMPOSIUM IN HONOR OF THE 70TH BIRTHDAY OF JEROME KRUGER SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Critical Factors in Localized Corrosion III - A Symposium in Honor of Jerome Kurgers 70th Birthday CY NOV 01, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA ID OXIDE-FILMS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; PIT INITIATION; METALS; ADSORPTION; MECHANISM; ELECTRODE; CORROSION; ESCA AB The outermost surface of the oxide film on a metal terminates in a layer of hydroxyl groups. The acid-base properties of the hydroxyl groups determine the surface charge of the oxide film when immersed in aqueous solutions. This communication considers: (i) the determination of surface isoelectric points for(low area) oxide-covered metal surfaces, (ii) the surface concentration of hydroxyl groups on oxide films as determined by a quantitative XPS method, and (iii) the role of surface hydroxyls and of the surface charge in the pitting of aluminum. An electrode kinetic model for pit initiation is described in terms of the charge on the oxide surface and the isoelectric point of the oxide film. The model takes into account adsorption of chloride ions on the hydroxylated oxide surface, penetration of chloride ions through the oxide film via transport through oxygen vacancies, and localized dissolution of aluminum at the metal/oxide interface, Mathematical expressions are derived which correctly give the variation in pitting potential with chloride ion concentration at constant pH and the variation in pitting potential with pH at constant chloride ion concentration. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-211-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 98 IS 17 BP 42 EP 55 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM76C UT WOS:000079705400006 ER PT B AU Shifler, DA Moran, PJ Kruger, J AF Shifler, DA Moran, PJ Kruger, J BE Kelley, RG Frankel, GS Natishan, PM Newman, RC TI Passivity and breakdown of passivity of 1018 carbon steel in PC-DME-H2O mixtures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON CRITICAL FACTORS IN LOCALIZED CORROSION III: A SYMPOSIUM IN HONOR OF THE 70TH BIRTHDAY OF JEROME KRUGER SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Critical Factors in Localized Corrosion III - A Symposium in Honor of Jerome Kurgers 70th Birthday CY NOV 01, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA DE organic; organic/water mixtures; passivity; carbon steel; propylene carbonate; dimethoxyethane; breakdown; electropolymerization ID ANHYDROUS PROPYLENE CARBONATE; DIMETHOXYETHANE SOLUTIONS; PERCOLATION MODEL; ORGANIC SOLUTIONS; ONLINE MS; BEHAVIOR; ELECTROLYTES; WATER; IRON; PASSIVATION AB The passivity and breakdown of passivity of 1018 carbon steel in a neutral pH, deaerated ternary component mixtures of propylene carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, and water with 0.5 molar lithium hexafluoroarsenate supporting electrolyte were examined via several electrochemical and surface methods. Solvent adsorption is the primary passivating mechanism up to the oxidizing potential of either organic solvent alone. Above the solvent oxidizing potentials, each of the components in this system has a predominate passivating mechanism when examined alone (electropolymerization in DME, salt film formation in PC. and oxide formation in water). This paper will look st the interactions of these mechanisms where passivity does occur as well as conditions where competition among the passivating processes prevent passivation. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Shifler, DA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd,Code 613, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-211-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 98 IS 17 BP 72 EP 88 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM76C UT WOS:000079705400008 ER PT B AU Davis, BW Moran, PJ Natishan, PM AF Davis, BW Moran, PJ Natishan, PM BE Kelley, RG Frankel, GS Natishan, PM Newman, RC TI Metastable pitting behavior of single crystal surfaces of pure aluminum SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON CRITICAL FACTORS IN LOCALIZED CORROSION III: A SYMPOSIUM IN HONOR OF THE 70TH BIRTHDAY OF JEROME KRUGER SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Critical Factors in Localized Corrosion III - A Symposium in Honor of Jerome Kurgers 70th Birthday CY NOV 01, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA ID STAINLESS-STEEL; NUCLEATION; GROWTH AB This communication reports on the metastable pitting behavior of aluminum single crystals. Aluminum single crystals (99.999% pure) with orientations of(100), (110), and (Ill)were evaluated with electrochemical measurements in 0.6 M NaCl solutions. The potential: was stepped in 10 mV increments from the open circuit potential and the current was recorded for 10 minutes at each potential. The number of metastable events and peak currents were record for each potential step. All samples were evaluated subsequent to testing utilizing scanning electron microscopy. (111) crystal surfaces exhibited the highest number of metastable pitting events as a function of potential for potentials below the pitting potential. The(100) exhibited a lower number of events as a function of potential relative to the (111) but exhibited more metastable pitting events than the (110). (Ill)baseline current densities increased more so than the others as a function of potential. The(100) baseline current densities increased less so than the (111) but more so than those of the (110) surface. The data clearly indicated that the (111) surface has the lowest pitting potential, followed by the (100), followed by the (110) with the highest pitting potential. An estimate of the pitting potential for each crystal surface yielded -0.735 V vs SCE far (111), -0.729 V vs SCE for (100), and -0.708 V vs SCE for (110). The approximately equal values of peak pit current densities over baseline (for approximately equal baseline current densities) in the potential range of -0.755 V vs SCE to -0.735 V vs SCE suggested that the size of the largest metastable pits were about the same for all three surfaces. re resultant faces within the pits of all the orientations tested were always of the (100) orientation. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Davis, BW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-211-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 98 IS 17 BP 215 EP 222 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM76C UT WOS:000079705400020 ER PT B AU Yu, SY Natishan, PM AF Yu, SY Natishan, PM BE Kelley, RG Frankel, GS Natishan, PM Newman, RC TI Effects of crystallographic orientation on pitting corrosion of aluminum single crystals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON CRITICAL FACTORS IN LOCALIZED CORROSION III: A SYMPOSIUM IN HONOR OF THE 70TH BIRTHDAY OF JEROME KRUGER SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Critical Factors in Localized Corrosion III - A Symposium in Honor of Jerome Kurgers 70th Birthday CY NOV 01, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA ID ALLOYS AB Anodic polarization of aluminum (Al) single crystals showed that the critical potentials for the onset of stable pitting (E-pit) of Al are dependent on the crystallographic orientation of the electrode surface, where E-pit < 111 > E-pit < 100 > < E-pit < 110 > X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the anodically polarized Al single crystals revealed the presence of chloride (Cl-.) on the surface, as well as within the oxide or possibly at the oxide/metal interface. WS also indicated that the passive oxides on < 110 > oriented surfaces exhibited the highest ratio of Cl-. within the oxide, to oxidized Al+3, while < 111 > oriented surfaces exhibited the lowest ratio of Cl-(oxide(.)):Al+3 Moreover, the passive oxide film on < 111 > surfaces of Al contained the highest concentration of water, in comparison to the < 100 > and < 110 > surfaces, as determined by XPS. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yu, SY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW,Code 6314, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-211-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 98 IS 17 BP 256 EP 264 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM76C UT WOS:000079705400024 ER PT B AU Long, JW Rolison, DR AF Long, JW Rolison, DR BE Leddy, J Vanysek, P Porter, MD TI Electroanalytical characterization of high surface area catalysts and materials for power sources SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON NEW DIRECTIONS IN ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY II SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Directions in Electroanalytical Chemistry II, at the 195th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 03-04, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Electrochemical Soc ID CARBON AB High surface area electrocatalysts and active materials may be electroanalyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively by direct pressing of submilligram quantities of the fine powders onto the surface of a carbon-wax composite. This method provides a cleaner approach to examine these types of electrode materials in that solvents and polymer binders are not necessary to create an electrode structure. Electrode preparation with this method is rapid and simple and offers a convenient means to screen high surface area electrode materials. Electrocatalyst-modified sticky carbon rotating disk electrodes permit controlled mass-transport studies of direct methanol oxidation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-227-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 5 BP 125 EP 131 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BN35V UT WOS:000081694900015 ER PT B AU Gigley, HM Chipman, SF AF Gigley, HM Chipman, SF BE Hahn, M Stoness, SC TI Productive interdisciplinarity: The challenge that human learning poses to machine learning SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY FIRST ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE COGNITIVE SCIENCE SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Conference of the Cognitive-Science-Society CY AUG 19-21, 1999 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Cognit Sci Soc C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-3581-4 PY 1999 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Language & Linguistics; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Psychology, Experimental SC Linguistics; Psychology GA BR96X UT WOS:000168193900002 ER PT B AU Marchette, D AF Marchette, D GP USENIX ASSOC USENIX ASSOC TI A statistical method for profiling network traffic SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON INTRUSION DETECTION AND NETWORK MONITORING (ID '99) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Intrusion Detection and Network Monitoring (ID 99) CY APR 09-12, 1999 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP USENIX Assoc AB Two clustering methods are described and applied to network data. These allow the clustering of machines into "activity groups", which consist of machines which tend to have similar activity profiles. In addition, these methods allow the user to determine whether current activity matches these profiles, and hence to determine when there is "abnormal" activity on the network. A method for visualizing the clusters is described, and the approaches are applied to a data set consisting of a months worth of data from 993 machines. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare B10, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Marchette, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare B10, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 5 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU USENIX ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA SUITE 215, 2560 NINTH ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA BN 1-880446-37-5 PY 1999 BP 119 EP 128 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BN01Y UT WOS:000080412900013 ER PT B AU Zhang, XJ Gaudett, MA Lynaugh, K Huff, D AF Zhang, XJ Gaudett, MA Lynaugh, K Huff, D BE Ellying, F Provan, JW TI Failure analysis of ABS AH36 steel cloverleaf deck sockets SO PROGRESS IN MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS (ICM8), VOL 1: FATIGUE AND FRACTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on the Mechanical Behaviour of Materials (ICM8) CY MAY 16-21, 1999 CL VICTORIA CONF CTR, VICTORIA, CANADA SP ICM Board Governors HO VICTORIA CONF CTR C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Fatigue & Fracture Branch, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Zhang, XJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Fatigue & Fracture Branch, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV VICTORIA, DEPT MECH ENGN PI VICTORIA PA VICTORIA, BC V8W 3P6, CANADA BN 1-55058-163-5 PY 1999 BP 61 EP 66 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ77D UT WOS:000089495400011 ER PT B AU Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK AF Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK BE Ellying, F Provan, JW TI Unified approach to fatigue crack growth SO PROGRESS IN MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS (ICM8), VOL 1: FATIGUE AND FRACTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on the Mechanical Behaviour of Materials (ICM8) CY MAY 16-21, 1999 CL VICTORIA CONF CTR, VICTORIA, CANADA SP ICM Board Governors HO VICTORIA CONF CTR ID CLOSURE AB Salient features of the Unified Approach to fatigue crack growth developed by the authors are presented. It is recognized at the outset, which is being confirmed experimentally, that crack closure contributions are small and in many cases are negligible. Hence crack closure cannot explain many observed fatigue phenomena. The Unified Approach provides a more fundamental approach to account for many of the experimental observations. It is based on the concept that fatigue is fundamentally a two parametric problem. It requires two load parameters to define cyclic loads unambiguously. Correspondingly, there are two thresholds, Delta K*(th) and K*(max,th) that must be met for growth to occur. This concept is valid not only at threshold but also for all growth rates. Furthermore, consideration of these two parameters unifies several of the fatigue phenomena such as load-ratio effects, anomalous behavior of short cracks, overload and underload effects, environmental effects, high temperature effects, etc. Through the consideration of internal stresses that affect K-max, effects of residual stresses due to localized phase transformations, stresses due to welding, cold-work etc, are all can be accounted. Thus the approach brings into a unified frame work, all aspects of fatigue crack growth from nucleation, to short crack growth, to long crack growth and finally to failure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV VICTORIA, DEPT MECH ENGN PI VICTORIA PA VICTORIA, BC V8W 3P6, CANADA BN 1-55058-163-5 PY 1999 BP 283 EP 288 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ77D UT WOS:000089495400050 ER PT J AU Zarras, P Vogl, O AF Zarras, P Vogl, O TI Polycationic salts as bile acid sequestering agents SO PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE bile acids; sequestering agents; polycationic salts ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; ELASTIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; BILIARY LIPID SYSTEMS; FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME; POLYMERIC SORBENTS; DRUG-THERAPY; CHOLESTEROL; SERUM AB A review of bile acid chemistry is included in this paper. The structures, chemistry, physiology and metabolism of the bile acids and their effects on the human body are discussed. Additionally, the precursor of bile acids are examined at length as are current treatments for diseases arising from high levels of cholesterol or the triglyceride carrying lipoproteins in blood plasma using bile-acid sequestering agents. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Zarras, P (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Chem & Mat Branch, Code 4T4220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM zarrasp@navair.navy.mil NR 213 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6700 J9 PROG POLYM SCI JI Prog. Polym. Sci. PY 1999 VL 24 IS 4 BP 485 EP 516 DI 10.1016/S0079-6700(99)00002-7 PG 32 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 220GW UT WOS:000081657400002 ER PT S AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, WW BE Roggemann, MC Bissonnette, LR TI Hidden phase approaches in recovering images from coherently illuminated objects SO PROPAGATION AND IMAGING THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Propagation and Imaging through the Atmosphere III CY JUL 22-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE image reconstruction; coherent imaging; image processing; image recovery; statistical image estimation ID ADAPTIVE-OPTICS; LEAST-SQUARES; RECONSTRUCTION; PERFORMANCE; FIELD AB Phase differences on a sampled grid in the pupil plane of a coherent imaging system are used in conjunction with a hidden phase approach to estimate images of coherently illuminated objects in the presence of additive Gaussian noise. The imaging system is located in the far-field with respect to the illuminated objects. Conventional least squares and minimum variance image reconstruction approaches are shown to fail because of the presence of point discontinuities in the far-field speckle pattern. Conventional phase reconstruction techniques can not properly sense the phase effects resulting from these point discontinuities or branch points. However, these conventional image reconstruction techniques can be made to work with the addition of a hidden phase term that accounts for the phase effects resulting from the branch points. The hidden phase term is added to the results of both the least squares and minimum variance phase reconstructors and the addition of the hidden phase term is shown to successfully recover the images of several types of extended objects. C1 USN Acad, Div Engn & Weap, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), USN Acad, Div Engn & Weap, Stop 14A,590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Arrasmith, William/G-6949-2016 OI Arrasmith, William/0000-0002-2917-9775 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3249-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3763 BP 112 EP 124 DI 10.1117/12.363623 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN95F UT WOS:000083637500012 ER PT S AU Frederickson, PA Davidson, KL Zeisse, CR Bendall, CS AF Frederickson, PA Davidson, KL Zeisse, CR Bendall, CS BE Roggemann, MC Bissonnette, LR TI Near-surface scintillation in a coastal ocean region SO PROPAGATION AND IMAGING THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Propagation and Imaging through the Atmosphere III CY JUL 22-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE scintillation; optical turbulence; refractive-index structure parameter C-n(2); bulk models; EOPACE ID SIMILARITY AB Infrared scintillation measurements were obtained along a 7 km path over San Diego Bay concurrently with meteorological measurements obtained from a buoy at the midpoint of the path. Bulk estimates of the refractive index structure parameter, C-n(2), were computed from the buoy data and compared with scintillation-derived C-n(2) values. The bulk C-n(2) estimates agreed well with the scintillation measurements in unstable conditions. In stable conditions the bulk C-n(2) estimates were higher than the scintillation data, by up to an order of magnitude on average. This disagreement may be due to the effects of ocean waves in decreasing the vertical temperature and humidity gradients in stable conditions from the assumed Monin-Obukhov similarity (MOS) theory forms, resulting in bulk C-n(2) values that are too high. The bulk C-n(2) estimates decrease rapidly when the absolute air-sea temperature difference approaches small positive values. These predicted decreases in C-n(2) were not observed in the path-averaged scintillation measurements or in single-point turbulence measurements, demonstrating that bulk models which estimate structure parameters based on mean air-sea differences are not valid when the mean air-sea difference approaches zero. It is believed that obtaining a better understanding of surface wave modification of near-surface atmospheric gradients represents the most promising means toward improving the bulk model. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Frederickson, PA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3249-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3763 BP 230 EP 238 DI 10.1117/12.363617 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN95F UT WOS:000083637500023 ER PT S AU Moran, MB Johnson, LF AF Moran, MB Johnson, LF BE Johnson, RN Lee, WY Pickering, MA Sheldon, BW TI Carbon-nitride, diamond-lire-carbon and silicon-based films synthesized by electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition SO PROPERTIES AND PROCESSING OF VAPOR-DEPOSITED COATINGS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Properties and Processing of Vapor-Deposited Coatings, at the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 02, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Carbon-nitride and diamond-like-carbon films were deposited by electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD) using carbon precursors in either a nitrogen- or an argon-high-density plasma. The carbon precursors were tetrachloroethylene (C2Cl4), ethylene (C2H4) and neopentane (C5H12). Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed three distinct chemical compositions: chlorine-doped carbon nitride (CN,:CI), hydrogenated carbon nitride (CNx:H) and hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H). FTIR spectroscopy revealed a fourth composition: chlorine-doped amorphous carbon(a-C:CI). ESCA analysis of the a-C:CI film was not performed. Microstructures ranging from amorphous to microcrystalline were observed using differential interference contrast (DIC) optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Plasma etching of the substrate prior to film growth and biasing of the stage during film growth strongly influence the resulting microstructure. 100-mu m-size, stacked, pyramidal CN,:CI crystallites were deposited onto a glass microscope slide through a combination of substrate pre-etching and rf-biasing of the stage during film growth. In later experiments, pulsed-dc-high-voltage biasing of the stage during the growth process resulted in the deposition of 1-mu m-size, rectangular- and triangular-shaped CNx:Cl crystallites onto fused silica. Chlorinated instead of hydrogenated precursors were used to eliminate hydrogen incorporation during the growth of the ECR-CVD carbon nitride films. Chlorinated hydrocarbon precursors like trichloroethylene (C2HCl3) and C2Cl4 reduce the amount of hydrogen in the plasma and make the formation of CN bonds more favorable. The results also show that double-bonded CC precursors are needed for N-2 to react with carbon. However, when a hydrogenated precursor like C2H4 is used with a N-2 plasma, hydrogen reacts with the CC double bond to form CH and NH bonds faster than N-2 can react to form double- and single-bonded CN. The disadvantages of using chlorinated-carbon precursors are that the resulting CNx:Cl films contain a small amount of chlorine (Cl), are porous and are unstable with respect to moisture incorporation. It is much easier to obtain stable, dense films using chlorinated precursors if more conventional materials are deposited. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) films were deposited by ECR-CVD using trichlorosilane (SiHCl3). The films showed no degradation or moisture incorporation after several months. C1 USN, Aviat Sci & Technol Off, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Moran, MB (reprint author), USN, Aviat Sci & Technol Off, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-461-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 555 BP 353 EP 364 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BN11Q UT WOS:000080757900051 ER PT S AU Borden, B AF Borden, B BE Miceli, WJ TI Techniques for appraising radar images formed from complex-valued measurements SO RADAR PROCESSING, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Processing, Technology, and Applications IV CY JUL 21-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE AB Traditional methods in image processing have not enjoyed an easy transition to radar data because most of these techniques are phase insensitive and generalizations have often not led to unique results. The desire to develop image reconstruction algorithms which are not 'phase blind' has well-recognized resolution and superresolution consequences since these algorithms are typically based upon complex Fourier techniques. In addition, standard radar imaging methods have employed a linear 'weak scatterer' target model to make a simple connection between target and scattered field-a model that is not always appropriate and which can cause deleterious image artifacts. Clearly, the accuracy of follow-on model appraisal requires more than simple 'resolution' analysis. Recently, several important ideas have been developed which help to bridge the gap between algorithmic image resolution 'enhancement' processing and usual radar image appraisal methods. We present a coordinated overview of some of the more promising of the techniques, including nonlinear Backus-Gilbert restoration and complex target modeling. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3296-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3810 BP 130 EP 138 DI 10.1117/12.364067 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BN99H UT WOS:000083799000013 ER PT S AU Chen, VC Miceli, WJ AF Chen, VC Miceli, WJ BE Miceli, WJ TI The effect of roll, pitch and yaw motions on ISAR imaging SO RADAR PROCESSING, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Processing, Technology, and Applications IV CY JUL 21-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE ID RADAR AB In this paper, we analyze the effect of roll, pitch and yaw rotations on inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging. An ideal ISAR image of a target with regular motion can be derived from the image projection plane and the radar line-of-sight (LOS) unit vector. Roll, pitch and yaw rotations induce time-varying Doppler shifts that can be analyzed through the rotation matrix and the effective rotation vector. We simulated the process of ISAR imaging of a rotating target. Thus, the effect of rotational motion on ISAR imaging can be observed, and the effect of individual rotation components can be studied separately. For a target with regular motion, perturbations of roll and pitch motions may make image blurring if conventional motion compensation is used. Advanced motion compensation algorithms that compensate the perturbations may improve the image. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3296-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3810 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1117/12.364069 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BN99H UT WOS:000083799000015 ER PT J AU Readshaw, AK Brown, GO Phillips, GW Weiss, RG Guardala, NA Price, JL Mueller, SC Moscovitch, M AF Readshaw, AK Brown, GO Phillips, GW Weiss, RG Guardala, NA Price, JL Mueller, SC Moscovitch, M TI Investigation of 3D gram materials for radiation dosimetry SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 05-10, 1998 CL BURGOS, SPAIN SP Bicron Technol, Bubble Technol Ind, Caja Burgos, Comis Interminist Cienc & Tecnolog, Consejo Seguridad Nucl, Direcc Gen Investigacion Cienc & Tecnol, Empressa Nacl Residuos SA, Excmo Ayuntamiento Burgos, Excma Diputac Province Burgos, Landauer Inc, Nucl Technol Publishing, Siemens Environm Syst Ltd, Stillwater Sci LLC, Studsvik Instrument AB AB Three-dimensional optical random access memories (3D GRAM) are bistable photochromic materials that can be converted from the stable non-fluorescent form to the quasi-stable fluorescent form via two-photon absorption using intersecting laser beams. To investigate heavy charged particle (HCP) radiation effects on these materials, thin films of spyrobenzopyran-doped polymethylmethacrylate (SP/PMMA) were exposed to 0.6-2.5 MeV protons, 2 MeV and 5 MeV alpha particles, and 6.5 MeV (12)C ions at fluences ranging from 10(10) to 10(14) cm(-2). Exposed films were optically sectioned with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and radiation effects were evaluated by measuring fluorescent intensity verses depth. Radiation exposure of the non-fluorescent form of SP/PMMA resulted in a permanent change, leaving fluorescent tracks excitable by optical wavelengths. Depth profiles revealed a correlation between maximum fluorescent intensity and absorbed dose. Additionally, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the depth profiles could be related to the incident HCP energy per nucleon. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Readshaw, AK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1999 VL 85 IS 1-4 BP 451 EP 454 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 225KQ UT WOS:000081959400100 ER PT J AU Justus, BL Merritt, CD Pawlovich, KJ Huston, AL Rychnovsky, S AF Justus, BL Merritt, CD Pawlovich, KJ Huston, AL Rychnovsky, S TI Optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry using doped fused quartz SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 05-10, 1998 CL BURGOS, SPAIN SP Bicron Technol, Bubble Technol Ind, Caja Burgos, Comis Interminist Cienc & Tecnolog, Consejo Seguridad Nucl, Direcc Gen Investigacion Cienc & Tecnol, Empressa Nacl Residuos SA, Excmo Ayuntamiento Burgos, Excma Diputac Province Burgos, Landauer Inc, Nucl Technol Publishing, Siemens Environm Syst Ltd, Stillwater Sci LLC, Studsvik Instrument AB ID SILICA GLASS AB Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry measurements using Cu+-doped fused quartz are reported. The OSL sensitivity of this material to Co-60 gamma rays was found to be about twenty times greater than that measured previously for related Cu+-doped glasses that exhibit OSL sensitivity. The dose-response was measured from 0.13 to 51.6 mu C.kg(-1) (0.5 mR to 200 mR) and is linear over this range. Spectral measurements of the photoluminescence, thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence reveal that the Cu+ ions serve as the luminescence centres for recombination of both the TL and OSL traps. The results indicate that the TL and OSL traps in the Cu+-doped fused quartz are in some way related. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Command Support Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Miravent Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. RP Justus, BL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1999 VL 84 IS 1-4 BP 189 EP 192 PN 1 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 219BF UT WOS:000081587500045 ER PT J AU Benabdesselam, M Iacconi, P Briand, D Lapraz, D Butler, JE AF Benabdesselam, M Iacconi, P Briand, D Lapraz, D Butler, JE TI Selected thermoluminescent properties of CVD diamond film SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 05-10, 1998 CL BURGOS, SPAIN SP Bicron Technol, Bubble Technol Ind, Caja Burgos, Comis Interminist Cienc & Tecnolog, Consejo Seguridad Nucl, Direcc Gen Investigacion Cienc & Tecnol, Empressa Nacl Residuos SA, Excmo Ayuntamiento Burgos, Excma Diputac Province Burgos, Landauer Inc, Nucl Technol Publishing, Siemens Environm Syst Ltd, Stillwater Sci LLC, Studsvik Instrument AB ID RADIATION AB In the present work, some thermoluminescent properties of chemically vapour deposited (CVD) polycrystalline diamond films are investigated. After radiation, two TL peaks at least located at 350 and 540 K are observed. After depletion of the low temperature peaks, the 540 K TL peak is isolated and then analysed by different methods; an energy level at around 0.9 eV is found. It is shown that, when it is grown under particular conditions, CVD diamond possesses some dosimetric properties like TL sensitivity to gamma radiations, X rays and beta doses, a glow peak at 540 K which was isolated, a green luminescence band at 500 nm and non-sensitivity to UV exposure wavelengths above 230 nm. C1 Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Ctr Rech Solides & Leurs Applicat, Lab Phys Elect Solides, F-06108 Nice 2, France. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Benabdesselam, M (reprint author), Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Ctr Rech Solides & Leurs Applicat, Lab Phys Elect Solides, Parc Valrose, F-06108 Nice 2, France. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 11 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1999 VL 84 IS 1-4 BP 257 EP 260 PN 1 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 219BF UT WOS:000081587500060 ER PT J AU Bautro, N Cassata, J Rotunda, JE AF Bautro, N Cassata, J Rotunda, JE TI Screening of abnormal LiF : Mg,Cu,P glow curves SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 05-10, 1998 CL BURGOS, SPAIN SP Bicron Technol, Bubble Technol Ind, Caja Burgos, Comis Interminist Cienc & Tecnolog, Consejo Seguridad Nucl, Direcc Gen Investigacion Cienc & Tecnol, Empressa Nacl Residuos SA, Excmo Ayuntamiento Burgos, Excma Diputac Province Burgos, Landauer Inc, Nucl Technol Publishing, Siemens Environm Syst Ltd, Stillwater Sci LLC, Studsvik Instrument AB AB A process to screen electronically abnormal LiF:Mg,Cu,P glow curves in routine dosimetry is proposed. The method is based on the fact that when a glow curve is normalised to a part of the integral of the glow curve it loses its dependence on the magnitude of the exposure. This characteristic allows a glow curve from a dosemeter exposed in the field to be compared with an 'ideal' glow curve from the same dosemeter. A difference curve is generated from the differences between the normalised 'ideal' and the normalised field curves. This difference curve can be used to identify the abnormal characteristics of the field-generated glow curve and, since both normalised curves are essentially the same, the anomalies can be resolved by reconstructing the field curve to match the 'ideal' curve. C1 John R Marsh Canc Ctr, Hagerstown, MD 21742 USA. USN, Dosimetry Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. St Gobain Ind Ceram Inc, Biocron NE Div, Solon, OH 44139 USA. RP Bautro, N (reprint author), John R Marsh Canc Ctr, 11110 Med Campus Rd,Suite 129, Hagerstown, MD 21742 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1999 VL 84 IS 1-4 BP 387 EP 391 PN 1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 219BF UT WOS:000081587500088 ER PT J AU Justus, BL Pawlovich, KJ Merritt, CD Huston, AL AF Justus, BL Pawlovich, KJ Merritt, CD Huston, AL TI Optically and thermally stimulated luminescence characteristics of Cu+-doped fused quartz SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSTIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; BORATE GLASSES; COPPER AB Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry measurements using Cu+-doped fused quartz are reported. The dose response to Co-60 gamma rays is measured over the range of doses from 2.6 x 10(-6) to 5.2 x 10(-2) C.kg(-1) (10 mR to 200 R). The fading behaviour of the OSL traps and the thermoluminescence (TL) traps are found to be the same. Optical stimulation was found to have a significant effect on the TL glow curve. Spectral measurements of the photoluminescence, TL emission and OSL emission reveal that the Cu+ ions are the luminescence centres for radiative recombination following the depopulation of both the TL and OSL traps. The results indicate that the TL and OSL traps in the Cu+-doped fused quartz are the same. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Command Support Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Justus, BL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 156VZ UT WOS:000078024000001 ER PT J AU Nedlin, GM Chubb, SR Cooper, AL AF Nedlin, GM Chubb, SR Cooper, AL TI The integral equation method for electromagnetic scattering from the ocean: Beyond a perfect conductor model SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; BACKSCATTERING; IMPEDANCE; ANGLES; WAVES AB A version of the integral equation method is developed, which applies to scattering from a surface of a substance with a large dielectric constant epsilon. An "impedance" boundary condition for the tangential components of electric and magnetic fields on the scattering surface is used, and the integral equation for the tangential components of the total magnetic field on a surface is formulated. This equation is applied to the problem of electromagnetic scattering from a slightly rough surface. It is demonstrated that the commonly used perfect conductor approximation (PCA) (epsilon = infinity) can adequately describe scattering in the case of extremely large epsilon only. The greatest sensitivity in scattering occurs when the incident and/or scattered waves are vertically polarized. For such cases the PCA does not work until epsilon > 10(4). In the particular case of scattering from the ocean (\epsilon\ similar to 65), the PCA fails to provide an adequate description of the phenomena for either horizontally or vertically polarized waves, for practically all incidence and scattering angles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nedlin, GM (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, 100 Inst Rd, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 34 IS 1 BP 27 EP 49 DI 10.1029/1998RS900008 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 161QG UT WOS:000078299800004 ER PT S AU Baer, W Grewe, L Rowe, N AF Baer, W Grewe, L Rowe, N BE Sinha, D TI Use of image feedback loops for real time terrain feature extraction SO REAL-TIME IMAGING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Real-Time Imaging IV CY JAN 25, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol DE pattern recognition; filter images; terrain database generation; feature extraction AB By utilizing images calculated on-the-fly as a filter improvements in real-time performance of object measurement and feature extraction can be achieved for automated aerial photograph analysis. The process requires the rapid calculation of images from an existing terrain database. The calculated images are then compared to incoming sensor data. The difference between the calculated and sensor image is then utilized as a parallel error signal for updating the stare of knowledge of the objects and features measured. The advantage of this image feedback technique is that the calculation of sensor realistic perspective views from parameterized object models is easier than the direct interpretation of complex images. The feedback technique effectively eliminates what is already known from the measurement signal and thereby reduces the amount of data which must be processed by pattern recognition techniques by orders of magnitude. The paper presents the mathematical description of the image feedback technique and estimates update frame rates which can be expected for real time applications. We then discuss the incremental software development approach and the system design we are using for implementing the technique. The state of the current system is presented along with a discussion of experiments and experiences gained in building large-scale high-resolution terrain databases. The paper concludes by defining future research: areas that need to be addressed for improving performance and accuracy. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Baer, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code CS, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3116-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3645 BP 12 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.343794 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BM86V UT WOS:000079967900002 ER PT S AU Challenor, PG Tokmakian, RT AF Challenor, PG Tokmakian, RT BE Rodgers, CD Guymer, TH Palaniappan, K TI Altimeter measurements of the volume transport through the Drake Passage SO REMOTE SENSING: EARTH, OCEAN AND ATMOSPHERE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT A1 1 and A2 1 Symposia COSPAR Scientific Commission A on Remote Sensing - Earth, Ocean and Atmosphere, at the 31st COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 14-21, 1996 CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP European Space Agcy, Scientif Commiss C, Royal Meteorol Soc, Comm Space Res, Scientif Comm Ocean Res ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT AB From in situ measurements it has been inferred that the variability of flow through the Drake Passage down to 2500m does not depend upon depth (barotropic flow). By making this assumption it is possible to calculate the variability of the volume transport from the surface slope as measured by a radar altimeter. It is shown that it is not possible to use data from individual passes as there is too much noise on the observations. However by averaging all the data in a ten day period in boxes north and south of the Passage an estimate of the variability comparable to the in situ observations is obtained. Using an additional two boxes in the centre of the Passage shows that most of the variability is in the northern half. The variability in the centre is negatively correlated with both the north and south. (C) 1999 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Southampton Oceanog Ctr, James Rennell Div, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Challenor, PG (reprint author), Southampton Oceanog Ctr, James Rennell Div, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. RI Challenor, Peter/M-2579-2016 OI Challenor, Peter/0000-0001-8661-2718 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043639-0 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1999 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1549 EP 1552 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BM91C UT WOS:000080096000015 ER PT J AU Cross, JO Frenkel, AI AF Cross, JO Frenkel, AI TI Use of scattered radiation for absolute x-ray energy calibration SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB A small, simple, and effective x-ray energy monitor has been built for use in energy-sensitive experiments where normal transmission monitoring is not an option. The instrument uses x rays scattered elastically from air, thin polymer films, or other featureless scatterers as a secondary source for measuring the transmission versus energy through a calibrated x-ray spectroscopy standard. In general, this type of energy monitor can be made from many combinations of detectors and scatterers, including ultrahigh vacuum compatible components. We show experimental results from a miniature, p-i-n diode-based monitor, which fits unobtrusively anywhere along the optical path of the experiment, and can be made easily from inexpensive and readily available parts. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(99)01101-6]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Cross, JO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6685, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011 OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207 NR 7 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 70 IS 1 BP 38 EP 40 DI 10.1063/1.1149539 PN 1 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 159RB UT WOS:000078186800008 ER PT J AU Koch, JA Landen, OL Hammel, BA Brown, C Seely, J Aglitskiy, Y AF Koch, JA Landen, OL Hammel, BA Brown, C Seely, J Aglitskiy, Y TI Recent progress in high-energy, high-resolution x-ray imaging techniques for application to the National Ignition Facility (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY SP Amer Phys Soc, Off Def Programs, US Dept Energy, Off Fus Energy, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab ID LASER; FUSION; NOVA; GAIN AB Multi-keV x-ray microscopy will be an important laser-produced plasma diagnostic at future megajoule facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF). However, laser energies and plasma characteristics imply that x-ray microscopy will be more challenging at NIF than at existing facilities. In earlier work, we concluded that target-mounted pinholes and single spherical or toroidal crystals are good options for many x-ray microscopy applications at NIF. In this article, we review the experimental progress we have made investigating these systems on the Nova and Petawatt Laser Facilities. In particular, we have performed high-resolution, high-magnification target-mounted pinhole imaging of Nova implosions, and we have obtained promising preliminary spherical-crystal data from high-intensity Petawatt experiments. We are also designing a high-energy spherical-crystal imager for use on Nova experiments. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(99)57501-1]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Koch, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-021, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 70 IS 1 BP 525 EP 529 DI 10.1063/1.1149271 PN 2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 161FQ UT WOS:000078278900071 ER PT J AU Aglitskiy, Y Lehecka, T Obenschain, S Pawley, C Brown, CM Seely, J AF Aglitskiy, Y Lehecka, T Obenschain, S Pawley, C Brown, CM Seely, J TI X-ray crystal imagers for inertial confinement fusion experiments (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY SP Amer Phys Soc, Off Def Programs, US Dept Energy, Off Fus Energy, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab ID NIKE KRF LASER; DENSITY PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS; RESOLUTION; FOILS; RADIOGRAPHY; TARGETS; SPECTROSCOPY; IRRADIATION; INCOHERENCE; MICROSCOPE AB We report on our continued development of high resolution monochromatic x-ray imaging system based on spherically curved crystals. This system can be extensively used in the relevant experiments of the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) program. The system is currently used, but not limited to diagnostics of the targets ablatively accelerated by the Nike KrF laser. A spherically curved quartz crystal (2d=6.687 03 Angstrom, R=200 mm) has been used to produce monochromatic backlit images with the He-like Si resonance line (1865 eV) as the source of radiation. Another quartz crystal (2d=8.5099 Angstrom, R=200 mm) with the H-like Mg resonance line (1473 eV) has been used for backlit imaging with higher contrast. The spatial resolution of the x-ray optical system is 1.7 mu m in selected places and 2-3 mu m over a larger area. A second crystal with a separate backlighter was added to the imaging system. This makes it possible to make use of all four strips of the framing camera. Time resolved, 20X magnified, backlit monochromatic images of CH planar targets driven by the Nike facility have been obtained with spatial resolution of 2.5 mu m in selected places and 5 mu m over the focal spot of the Nike laser. We are exploring the enhancement of this technique to the higher and lower backlighter energies. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(99)73601-4]. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aglitskiy, Y (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NR 43 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 70 IS 1 BP 530 EP 535 DI 10.1063/1.1149352 PN 2 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 161FQ UT WOS:000078278900072 ER PT J AU Pawley, CJ Deniz, AV Lehecka, T AF Pawley, CJ Deniz, AV Lehecka, T TI Noise and sensitivity of x-ray framing cameras at Nike (abstract) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22310 USA. RP Pawley, CJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 70 IS 1 BP 624 EP 624 DI 10.1063/1.1149360 PN 2 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 161FQ UT WOS:000078278900093 ER PT J AU Moosman, B Bystritskii, V Wessel, FJ Van Drie, A AF Moosman, B Bystritskii, V Wessel, FJ Van Drie, A TI Diagnostics for exploding wires (abstract) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, NRC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Moosman, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, NRC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 70 IS 1 BP 671 EP 671 DI 10.1063/1.1149363 PN 2 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 161FQ UT WOS:000078278900107 ER PT J AU Moosman, B Weber, BV Stephanakis, SJ Commisso, RJ Fisher, A AF Moosman, B Weber, BV Stephanakis, SJ Commisso, RJ Fisher, A TI Measurements of gas preionization for plasma radiation sources SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY SP Amer Phys Soc, Off Def Programs, US Dept Energy, Off Fus Energy, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab ID Z-PINCH AB Azimuthally symmetric ultraviolet (UV) preionization of the outer periphery of a gas puff z pinch, prior to current initiation, may reduce the growth of magnetically driven Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities or other nonuniformities affecting the final implosion stage of the pinch, leading to an improvement in K-shell x-ray yield. We report on measurements of a flashover UV photoionization scheme, capable of ionizing the periphery of argon gas puffs to 1%-10% of the initial gas density. Measurements are made with a two-color, (1064 and 532 nm), high sensitivity (similar to 10(-5)lambda). Mach-Zehnder type interferometer. Two methods of measuring preionization are investigated. The first uses a single laser wavelength, 1064 nm, to probe a chord of the cylindrical gas puff. The gas density is measured first without preionization and then with the UV flashover discharge. The difference in phase shift determines the free electron density. The second technique uses both wavelengths to simultaneously probe the same line of sight, determining neutral and free electron densities using only one gas puff event. Gas preionization may introduce refractive species that complicate the conversion of phase shift to density. However, single-color interferometry with the IR and green beams indicates that it is sufficient to consider only two species, neural argon and free electrons for times of interest. [S0034-6748(99)65401-6]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, NRC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moosman, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, NRC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 70 IS 1 BP 672 EP 676 DI 10.1063/1.1149412 PN 2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 161FQ UT WOS:000078278900108 ER PT J AU Moody, JD MacGowan, BJ Glenzer, SH Kirkwood, RK Kruer, WL Pollaine, SM Williams, EA Stone, GF Afeyan, BB Schmitt, AJ AF Moody, JD MacGowan, BJ Glenzer, SH Kirkwood, RK Kruer, WL Pollaine, SM Williams, EA Stone, GF Afeyan, BB Schmitt, AJ TI Measurements of near forward scattered laser light in a large inertial confinement fusion plasma (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY SP Amer Phys Soc, Off Def Programs, US Dept Energy, Off Fus Energy, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab ID NOVA AB We describe an instrument which measures the angular spread and spectrum of near forward scattered laser light from a probe beam in a long scalelength laser plasma. The instrument consists of a combination of time integrating and time resolving detectors which measure the scattered light amplitude over four orders of magnitude for a range of angles. These measurements allow us to study the beam spray resulting from various laser and plasma conditions and determine the density fluctuations associated with this beam spray. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(99)62801-5]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Polymath Associates, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moody, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 70 IS 1 BP 677 EP 681 DI 10.1063/1.1149386 PN 2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 161FQ UT WOS:000078278900109 ER PT J AU Weber, BV Stephanakis, SJ Moosman, B AF Weber, BV Stephanakis, SJ Moosman, B TI Differential phase shift interferometer for measuring axisymmetric gas distributions for high-power Z-pinch research SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY SP Amer Phys Soc, Off Def Programs, US Dept Energy, Off Fus Energy, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab AB A sensitive interferometer [B. V. Weber and S. F. Fulghum, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 1227 (1997)] with 10(-5)-wave phase resolution is used to measure gas distributions from axisymmetric, supersonic nozzles employed in high power Z-pinch experiments. The line-integrated gas density, N = integral ndx, is measured as a function of time at one distance, z, from the nozzle and one distance, y, from the axis. The (y,z) region of interest is scanned shot to shot. The N(y) data are analyzed to find radial density distributions via Abel inversion: n(r) = -(1/pi)integral(r)(infinity)[(dN/dy)/root y(2)-r(2)]dy. Error propagation based on the uncertainty in N results in larger relative uncertainties in n, especially near the axis. The precision may be improved using a modified version of this interferometer, where the reference beam is moved into the gas, a small distance (1-2 mm) from the scene beam. The phase difference is then a direct measurement of dN/dy, reducing the error introduced by numerically differentiating N. These two techniques are compared using two nozzles with different density distributions from DECADE Module 2 Z-pinch experiments. [S0034-6748(99)65501-0]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weber, BV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 70 IS 1 BP 687 EP 690 DI 10.1063/1.1149413 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 161FQ UT WOS:000078278900111 ER PT J AU Jones, TG Noonan, WA Neri, JM Ottinger, PF AF Jones, TG Noonan, WA Neri, JM Ottinger, PF TI Laser-induced fluorescence diagnostic for measuring magnetic fields (abstract) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jones, TG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 70 IS 1 BP 912 EP 912 DI 10.1063/1.1149449 PN 2 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 161FQ UT WOS:000078278900170 ER PT J AU Young, FC Boller, JR Stephanakis, SJ Jones, TG Neri, JM AF Young, FC Boller, JR Stephanakis, SJ Jones, TG Neri, JM TI Radiachromic film as a detector for intense MeV proton beams SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY SP Amer Phys Soc, Off Def Programs, US Dept Energy, Off Fus Energy, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab ID PULSED ION-BEAMS AB A simple technique has been developed to image intense pulsed proton beams with radiachromic film and to measure their spatial distribution. The optical density (OD) of 50 mu m thick film, sufficient to stop 1.5 MeV protons, is measured to infer the incident beam fluence. The OD increases nearly linearly with fluence up to 0.25 cal/cm(2). This film is used to measure the uniformity of large-area beams as well as the detector in a multiple-pinhole camera to determine the source uniformity and divergence of applied-magnetic field and pinched-beam ion diodes. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(99)56701-4]. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Young, FC (reprint author), JAYCOR, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 70 IS 1 BP 1201 EP 1204 DI 10.1063/1.1149298 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 161FQ UT WOS:000078278900250 ER PT J AU Holt, D Rabbany, SY Kusterbeck, AW Ligler, FS AF Holt, D Rabbany, SY Kusterbeck, AW Ligler, FS TI Advances in flow displacement immunoassay design SO REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY-BINDING; IMMOBILIZED ANTIBODIES; KINETICS; IMMUNOSENSOR; HETEROGENEITY; EXPLOSIVES; ANTIGEN; ASSAY AB Flow immunosensors and assays based on displacement reactions have emerged as viable alternatives to other immunological methods such as competitive or sandwich assays. Displacement assays differ fundamentally from these standard techniques in that the observed response depends more upon dissociation kinetics rather than association kinetics. A review of the development and application of displacement immunosensors is given herein. The text is organized according to the three types of solid support matrices which have been used: bead-packed columns, membranes, and unrestricted microcapillary tubes. Since these assays are performed under flow conditions, a brief overview of relevant fluid dynamics and mass transport considerations is provided prior to the discussion of the flow immunosensors. C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hofstra Univ, Bioengn Program, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI LONDON PA STE 500, CHESHAM HOUSE, 150 REGENT ST, LONDON W1R 5FA, ENGLAND SN 0048-752X J9 REV ANAL CHEM JI Rev. Anal. Chem. PY 1999 VL 18 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 132 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 205YT UT WOS:000080849200005 ER PT J AU Nichols, TM AF Nichols, TM TI Russia and Europe: The emerging security agenda SO RUSSIAN REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Nichols, TM (reprint author), USN War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0036-0341 J9 RUSS REV JI Russ. Rev. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 58 IS 1 BP 170 EP 171 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 163NT UT WOS:000078399700046 ER PT J AU Buchanan, HL AF Buchanan, HL TI The commercial solution SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Buchanan, HL (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 40 IS 1 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 164GT UT WOS:000078455400003 ER PT J AU Gaffney, RG Paluszkiewicz, T AF Gaffney, RG Paluszkiewicz, T TI Ocean science & technology at ONR SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Gaffney, RG (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 40 IS 1 BP 19 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 164GT UT WOS:000078455400005 ER PT J AU Ellis, WG AF Ellis, WG TI Naval oceanography on the threshold of the 21st century SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Ellis, WG (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 40 IS 1 BP 30 EP 33 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 164GT UT WOS:000078455400010 ER PT J AU Shostko, A AF Shostko, A TI Design of an automatic course-scheduling system using Ultra-Structure SO SEMIOTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Notational Engineering (NOTATE 96) CY MAY 23-24, 1996 CL GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV, WASHINGTON, D.C. HO GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV C1 Naval Res Lab, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Shostko, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0037-1998 J9 SEMIOTICA JI Semiotica PY 1999 VL 125 IS 1-3 BP 197 EP 213 DI 10.1515/semi.1999.125.1-3.197 PG 17 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 230VC UT WOS:000082270800019 ER PT S AU Bowles, J Davis, C Carney, M Clamons, D Gao, BC Gillis, D Kappus, M Lamela, G Montes, M Palmadesso, P Rhea, J Snyder, W AF Bowles, J Davis, C Carney, M Clamons, D Gao, BC Gillis, D Kappus, M Lamela, G Montes, M Palmadesso, P Rhea, J Snyder, W BE Fujisada, H Lurie, JB TI Naval EarthMap Observer: Overview and data processing SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites III CY SEP 20-23, 1999 CL FLORENCE, ITALY SP Univ Florence, Dept Earth Sci, European Opt Soc, SPIE, CNR, NASA, Italian Soc Opt & Photon, Italian Space Agcy DE hyperspectral; compression; NEMO; LVQ; ORASIS; Coastal Ocean; calibration AB We present an overview of the Naval EarthMap Observer (NEMO) spacecraft and then focus on the processing of NEMO data both on-board the spacecraft and on the ground. The NEMO spacecraft provides for Joint Naval needs and demonstrates the use of hyperspectral imagery for the characterization of the littoral environment and for littoral ocean model development. NEMO is being funded jointly by the US government and commercial partners. The Coastal Ocean Imaging Spectrometer (COIS) is the primary instrument on the NEMO and covers the spectral range from 400 to 2500 nm at 10-nm resolution with either 30 or 60 m GSD. The hyperspectral data is processed on-board the NEMO using NRL's Optical Real-time Automated Spectral Identification System (ORASIS) algorithm that provides for real time analysis, feature extraction and greater than 10:1 data compression. The high compression factor allows for ground coverage of greater than 10(6) km(2)/day. Calibration of the sensor is done with a combination of moon imaging, using an onboard light source and vicarious calibration using a number of earth sites being monitored for that purpose. The data will be atmospherically corrected using ATREM. Algorithms will also be available to determine water clarity, bathymetry and bottom type. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowles, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3465-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3870 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.1117/12.373185 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP56D UT WOS:000085492800003 ER PT J AU Yu, EZY McCarron, RM AF Yu, EZY McCarron, RM TI Cerebral bcl-2 gene expression and blood-brain barrier fuction after hemorrhage and resuscitation. SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMEDICAL PRESS PI AUGUSTA PA 1021 15TH ST, BIOTECH PARK STE 9,, AUGUSTA, GA 30901 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 1999 VL 11 SU 1 MA 273 BP 79 EP 79 DI 10.1097/00024382-199906001-00274 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 195YH UT WOS:000080279600274 ER PT J AU Gordis, JH Radwick, J AF Gordis, JH Radwick, J TI Efficient transient analysis for large locally nonlinear structures SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB A general and exact theory for transient structural synthesis is extended to address structural systems with an arbitrary number of localized sources of structural dynamic nonlinearity. The formulation is independent of model size, in that only those model degrees-of-freedom of interest need be retained in the synthesis. The theory provides for the efficient calculation of nonlinear transient response due to externally applied loads and prescribed base motions. The theory can function as a substructure coupling and structural modification procedure allowing structural nonlinearities to be isolated from the remaining linear substructures, which are solved once. The nonlinear synthesis in effect installs the nonlinear elements and calculates the nonlinear transient response. An example demonstrate the order of magnitude decrease in time required, as compared to traditional direct integration. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gordis, JH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Code ME-Go, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 1999 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 205PK UT WOS:000080829600001 ER PT J AU Sandusky, H Chambers, P Zerilli, F Fabini, L Gottwald, W AF Sandusky, H Chambers, P Zerilli, F Fabini, L Gottwald, W TI Dynamic measurements of plastic deformation in a water-filled aluminum tube in response to detonation of a small explosives charge SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article DE DYSMAS; shock validation; wall deformation; underwater detonation; computer modeling; streak photography; laser interferometry AB Experiments have been conducted to benchmark computer code calculations for the dynamic interaction of explosions in water with structures. Aluminum cylinders with a length slightly more than twice their diameter were oriented vertically, sealed on the bottom by a thin plastic sheet, and filled with distilled water. An explosive charge suspended in the center of the tube plastically deformed but did not rupture the wall. Tube wall velocity, displacement, and strain were directly measured. The agreement among the three sets of dynamic data and the agreement of the terminal displacement measurements with the residual deformation were excellent. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. USN, Res Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RP Chambers, P (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Code 920,10901 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 1999 VL 6 IS 3 BP 125 EP 132 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 346FF UT WOS:000088859600002 ER PT S AU Groves, GW AF Groves, GW BE Drummond, OE TI Effect of sea-surface statistics on radar scattering SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 1999 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 1999 CY JUL 20-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE multipath; wave spectrum; glistening region; sea surface AB Several approximations lead to a feasible method for calculating the effect of multipath radar scattering at the sea surface. One of these is radial symmetry of the scattered microwave energy about the specular direction, according to which the scattered intensity depends on the "Specular Deviation Angle". This angle exhibits a stochastic variation that depends on the statistics of the sea surface and determines the average intensity of the scattered microwaves. A predicted or hypothesized frequency-direction wave spectrum is used to construct a stochastically-generated sea surface by linear superposition of elementary waves. This surface is modified by a nonlinearization procedure to obtain a more realistic sea surface. The trivariate elevation-slope PDF of the part of this surface visible from two positions (antenna and target) of a bistatic configuration is determined. The shadowing is generally determined numerically from the stochastic sea surface. However, some general features of shadowing on a narrow-band sea at low elevation angles are determined. Under idealized conditions the Probability Density Function of the visible surface elevation approaches the Raleigh distribution for monostatic shadowing, and the positive half of a zero-mean Normal distribution for bistatic shadowing. A comprehensive algorithm for determining the elevation of low flyers approaching over a wavy sea surface is proposed. Calculations are performed prior to and during an attack by ASCMs. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Groves, GW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3295-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3809 BP 2 EP 16 DI 10.1117/12.364010 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN96H UT WOS:000083674300001 ER PT S AU Hewer, G Kenney, C Hanson, G Kuo, W Peterson, L AF Hewer, G Kenney, C Hanson, G Kuo, W Peterson, L BE Drummond, OE TI Detection of small objects using adaptive wavelet-based template matching SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 1999 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 1999 CY JUL 20-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE wavelets; matched filtering; covariance estimation; peer group averaging AB Wavelet-based detection algorithms are developed for detecting small targets in non-Gaussian clutter. A wavelet transform is applied to reduce spatial correlation of the clutter. An adaptive matched filter is applied in the wavelet transform domain which uses estimated covariance matrices derived from the wavelet coefficients. Two problems hinder the use of covariance estimates for background clutter removal: slow computational speed and induced false alarms resulting from nearly singular covariance estimates due to small sample sizes. The issue of speed is dealt with by evaluating the covariance matrices on a sparse grid followed by low order interpolation. To control the problem of bad covariance estimates we filter the grid generated covariance matrices to remove outliers using peer group averaging (PGA). This procedure removes the false alarm problem associated with nearly singular covariance estimates without degrading the overall performance of the clutter removal process. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Hewer, G (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3295-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3809 BP 95 EP 106 DI 10.1117/12.364011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN96H UT WOS:000083674300009 ER PT S AU Watson, GA McCabe, DH Rice, TR AF Watson, GA McCabe, DH Rice, TR BE Drummond, OE TI Multisensor-multisite composite tracking in the presence of sensor residual bias SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 1999 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 1999 CY JUL 20-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE composite tracking; sensor integration; sensor residual bias AB The integration of multiple sensors for target tracking is complex but has the potential to provide very accurate state estimates. For most applications, each sensor provides its information to a central location where the integration is performed and the resulting composite track can be very accurate when compared to the individual sensor tracks. This composite track has the potential to provide enhanced system decisions and targeting information not otherwise available. However, sensor bias can severely degrade composite tracking performance when it is not properly considered. This paper presents algorithms and simulation results for the composite tracking of maneuvering targets through the use of multisensor-multisite integration in the presence of sensor residual bias. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept,Digital Syst Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Watson, GA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept,Digital Syst Branch, Code B32, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3295-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3809 BP 370 EP 381 DI 10.1117/12.364035 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN96H UT WOS:000083674300032 ER PT S AU Hutchins, RG Britt, PT AF Hutchins, RG Britt, PT BE Drummond, OE TI Trajectory tracking and backfitting techniques against theater ballistic missiles SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 1999 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 1999 CY JUL 20-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE ID IMM AB Since the SCUD launches in the Gulf War, theater ballistic missile (TBM) systems have become a growing concern for the US military. Detection, fast track initiation, backfitting for launch point determination, and tracking and engagement during boost phase or shortly after booster cutoff are goals that grow in importance with the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. This paper focuses on track initiation and backfitting techniques, as well as extending some earlier results on tracking a TBM during boost phase cutoff. Results indicate that Kalman techniques are superior to third order polynomial extrapolations in estimating the launch point, and that some knowledge of missile parameters, especially thrust, is extremely helpful in track initiation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hutchins, RG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code EC Hu, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3295-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3809 BP 532 EP 536 DI 10.1117/12.364053 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN96H UT WOS:000083674300046 ER PT S AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF BE Kadar, I TI Fuzzy logic association: Performance, implementation issues, and automated resource allocation SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition VIII CY APR 05-07, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE fuzzy clustering; fuzzy sets; fuzzy logic; recursive; multisensor; association; superclustering; outlier suppression; ESM; radar ID ALGORITHM AB A recursive multisensor association algorithm has been developed based on fuzzy logic. It associates data from the same target for multiple sensor types. The algorithm provides an estimate of the number of targets present and reduced noise estimates of the quantities being measured Uncertain information from many sources including other algorithms can be easily incorporated. A comparison of the algorithm to a more conventional Bayesian association algorithm is provided. The algorithm is applied to a multitarget environment for simulated data. The data from both the ESM and radar systems is noisy and the ESM data is intermittent. The radar data has probability of detection less than unity. The effects on parameter estimation, determination of the number of targets, and multisensor data association is examined for the case of a large number of targets closely spaced in the RF-PRI plane. When a sliding window is introduced to minimize memory and CPU requirements the algorithm is shown to lose little in performance, while gaining significantly in speed The algorithm's CPU usage, computational complexity, and real-time implementation requirements are examined. Finally, the algorithm will be considered as an association algorithm for a multifunction antenna that makes use of fuzzy logic for resource allocation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3194-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3720 BP 228 EP 238 DI 10.1117/12.357162 PG 5 WC Mathematics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Mathematics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BN77R UT WOS:000082902100022 ER PT S AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL BE Tokuyama, M Oppenheim, I TI Viewpoint of the coupling model on relaxation and diffusion in various complex systems SO SLOW DYNAMICS IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Tohwa-University International Symposium on Slow Dynamics in Complex Systems CY NOV 09-14, 1998 CL FUKUOKA, JAPAN ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; GLASS TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURE; PHOTON-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; NUCLEAR-SPIN RELAXATION; SHORT-TIME DYNAMICS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; O-TERPHENYL; THERMORHEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY; CONDUCTIVITY-RELAXATION AB The many-body cooperative relaxation dynamics of complex systems with nontrivial interactions manifest so many effects and in many different ways that so far no theory or model can capture them all. Many different theoretical approaches exist because each of them is proposed to address one or a few effects. They all have limitations. The coupling model is no exception because it does not describe in any detail how the individual units move. However, the coupling model captures one important aspect of the many-body relaxation relaxation dynamics, namely the existence of a temperature insensitive crossover time. t(c), when the independent relaxation of an individual unit gives way to the cooperative relaxation. One result, which relates the slowed-down cooperative relaxation time to the independent or primitive relaxation time of an individual unit, has spanned many applications. The coupling model has been applied to various relaxation and diffusion processes in diverse complex systems with interactions. The author does not know of any other theory or model that have such broad applications. After clarifying what the coupling model can do and cannot do, an example is given by applying it to a current problem on translational and rotational motions in supercooled liquids. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-811-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 469 BP 385 EP 397 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics; Polymer Science GA BM95F UT WOS:000080238300080 ER PT B AU Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK AF Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK BE Ravichandran, KS Ritchie, RO Murakami, Y TI Analysis of small crack growth behavior using unified approach SO SMALL FATIGUE CRACKS: MECHANICS, MECHANISMS, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Engineering Foundation International Conference on Small Fatigue Cracks CY DEC 06-11, 1998 CL OAHU, HI SP Engn Fdn DE small crack growth; unified approach; internal stresses; thresholds; crack closure ID SHORT FATIGUE CRACKS; PROPAGATION; CLOSURE AB Apparent anomalous behavior of small cracks is analyzed using the Unified Approach developed by the authors. Recent experimental results validate the two parameter requirement and the existence of two independent thresholds, one in terms of Delta K and the other in terms of K-max Since there is no breakdown of similitude, the same thresholds are valid for both short and long cracks. Small cracks grow in the presence of internal stresses that affect K-max parameter, but not Delta K. Consideration of K-max threshold and the gradients in the internal stresses that are normally present can account for all the observed behavior of small cracks, without the need of crack closure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6323, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043011-2 PY 1999 BP 73 EP 83 DI 10.1016/B978-008043011-9/50008-9 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BP92Z UT WOS:000086647400007 ER PT B AU DeGiorgi, VG AF DeGiorgi, VG BE Tomlinson, GR Bullough, WA TI Computational evaluation of poling induced stress fields in a piezoelectric ceramic SO SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Smart Structures and Materials in conjunction with the 2nd International Conference on Micromechanics, Intelligent Materials and Robotics CY JUL 06-08, 1998 CL HARROGATE, ENGLAND AB Poling, the process of applying an electric field to activate and orient a material's piezoelectric response in a preferred direction, is an essential step in the manufacture of ferroelectric ceramics for use in smart devices. In this work finite element techniques are used to calculate electric field and stress levels resulting from the poling process. The effects of electrode spacing, material condition and the strength and sequencing of applied fields during poling are examined using computational experiments. The material section evaluated is a thin panel of PZT-5A ceramic. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mech Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mech Mat Branch, Code 6380, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM virginia@walkinghorse.nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0547-9 PY 1999 BP 723 EP 730 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BQ98C UT WOS:000165242400092 ER PT S AU Nguyen, TD Gowing, S Bochinski, D Carpenter, BF AF Nguyen, TD Gowing, S Bochinski, D Carpenter, BF BE Jacobs, JH TI SMA actuator for tab-assisted control surface application SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1999: INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 1999 Conference CY MAR 01-04, 1999 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, BFGoodrich Aerosp, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Army Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan DE shape memory alloys; torque reduction; lift enhancement; Flettner mode; precision control; actuator AB This study, started in late 1997, evaluates the concept of tab-assisted control (TAC)* and the use of shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator in that connection. Under the TAC concept, a small tab, typically 10% of the mean chord of the entire control surface structure, is appended to the trailing edge of the primary control surface, or flap. This small tab vastly enhances the versatility of the control surface system. Depending on the orientation of the tab with respect to the flap and the amount of tab deflection, this tab may be used to modify lift and torque, actuate the flap (Flettner mode), or provide precision control (with the flap locked in place); if the tab is aligned with the flap, TAC reverts itself to the conventional configuration. Despite its many benefits, TAC faces one practical challenge in implementation. Due to the particular TAC configuration, the actuating system for the tab must be compact enough to fit in the limited real estate available within the flap. This makes shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator a promising contender for TAC implementation. This paper presents some of the experimental results relevant to the design of the SMA actuator and addresses implementation issues such as power usage, life cycle, frequency response, and reliability. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Nguyen, TD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3148-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3674 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1117/12.351592 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BN39R UT WOS:000081784200010 ER PT S AU Wu, CCM Lewis, D Kahn, M Chase, M AF Wu, CCM Lewis, D Kahn, M Chase, M BE Jacobs, JH TI High authority, telescoping actuators SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1999: INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 1999 Conference CY MAR 01-04, 1999 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, BFGoodrich Aerosp, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Army Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan DE actuators; compact; high authority; high deflection; monolithic piezoelectrics; solid state amplification AB A family of high authority actuators was developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. These actuators are based on displacement amplification within a compact, solid state, monolithic piezoelectric actuator, by using a telescoping tube design. In this design, concentric tubes are mechanically connected in series. This gives an effective actuator length that is equal to the sum of the lengths of the individual concentric elements. The high displacement output of this actuator permits efficient coupling of the actuator output into a load of similar impedance, and thereby much greater effective actuator output. Initial prototypes were made of commercially available PZT tubes of three different diameters and wall thicknesses. These tubes were poled through the thickness of the walls and the change in their lengths were used for actuation. Their actuation is therefore making use of the d(31) piezoelectric coefficient. Alternatively, electrodes can be applied to the ends of the individual concentric tubes and their lengthwise displacement will subsequently be proportional to the d(33) parameter of the material. The tubes were bonded at their ends to alumina plates using epoxy-based adhesive. The displacement obtained from the assembly is close to the sum of those of the three individual tubes at the same applied field. Other parameters such as blocking force and energy densities are also reported. These actuators have applications where high force and simultaneously large displacement are required and space is limited. Potential uses include high end aerospace as well as low tech commercial applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wu, CCM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6384, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3148-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3674 BP 212 EP 219 DI 10.1117/12.351558 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BN39R UT WOS:000081784200021 ER PT S AU DeGiorgi, VG Saleem, H AF DeGiorgi, VG Saleem, H BE Varadan, VV TI A comparison of a few shape memory alloy constitutive models SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1999: MATHEMATICS AND CONTROL IN SMART STRUCTURES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 1999 Conference CY MAR 01-04, 1999 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, BFGoodrich Aerosp, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Army Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan DE smart structures; smart materials; shape memory alloy; finite element AB Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are an important material in the fabrication of many smart devices.: In response to the need to understand and predict the behavior of SMAs there have been much work performed in developing constitutive models to describe and predict the complex behavior of these materials. This work examines differences in computational simulations of a SMA. device due to the choice of SMA, constitutive model. The device considered is a hollow SMA tube subjected to torsion loading. The device is designed for use in the DARPA sponsored Smart Wing program lead by Northrop-Grumman [1]. The device is designed to warp the wing frame in order to produce wing twist. Applied moment vs. angle of twist per cm are the parameters of interest for the device. Calculated results are compared with each other. The basis of the computational study are experiments previously completed by Keefe et al. [2]. Constitutive modeling approaches considered include pure austenite, pure martensite and constitutive models proposed by Tanaka [3], Liang-Roger [4] and Lagoudas ct al [5,6]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Saleem, Hamid /F-8481-2015 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3141-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3667 BP 730 EP 737 DI 10.1117/12.350127 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics; Optics GA BN32R UT WOS:000081632600068 ER PT S AU Su, JHS AF Su, JHS BE Hyde, TT TI Robust Passive-Active Mounts for vibration isolation SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1999: PASSIVE DAMPING AND ISOLATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 1999 Conference CY MAR 01-04, 1999 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, BFGoodrich Aerosp, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Army Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan DE mount; vibration isolation; shock; passive control; active control; adaptive control; machinery AB Conventional vibration isolation mounts are not as effective as expected since the system/structure to be isolated from is normally not dynamically rigid and has resonance frequencies within the bandwidth of interest. Besides, the low frequency enhancement is a characteristic of the conventional passive mounts. Applying inertia actuators to the attachment plate of the conventional mounts overcomes these shortcomings and enhances their performance significantly. This design concept has universal application since it is applicable to any dynamic system. It allows using the widely implemented vibration suppression algorithms such as the collocated velocity feedback and the filtered-X LMS, thereby simplifying the controller design issue normally encountered in a practical complex system. In addition, it requires very little power and force capacity, i.e., a small percentage of the disturbance force, from the actuators to be effective for frequencies higher than the resonance frequency of the mount itself. In this work, the performance of the "Robust Passive-Active Mount" on a realistic foundation (a system/structure from which to be isolated) and the performance of the multiple "Robust Passive-Active Mounts" on the same foundation are simulated. The passive-active mounts are modeled as independent spring-mass-dashpot systems in state space form. The dynamics and the load transmissibility of a foundation are modeled as a continuous system in modal state space form. The mounts and the foundation are then formulated as a coupled system with actuator forces as feedback. The issue of the conventional mounts on a realistic foundation is illustrated first by showing the load transmissibility comparison with a rigid foundation. Then the effectiveness of the Passive-Active mounts, designed by the two commercial-off-the-shelf controllers, for machinery is demonstrated on the load transmissibility reduction at the foundation support (fixed end) due to disturbances from the machinery. A general method for simulating the isolation performance by advanced mounts from an elastic structure has been developed. This method is valid for any combination of multiple advanced mounts at any preferred strategic locations on any structure. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Su, JHS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3146-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3672 BP 144 EP 155 DI 10.1117/12.349777 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science; Optics GA BN29Q UT WOS:000081456300014 ER PT S AU Cohen, EI Mastro, SA Nemarich, CP Korczynski, JF Jarrett, AW Jones, WC AF Cohen, EI Mastro, SA Nemarich, CP Korczynski, JF Jarrett, AW Jones, WC BE Claus, RO Spillman, WB TI Recent developments in the use of plastic optical fiber for an embedded wear sensor SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1999: SENSORY PHENOMENA AND MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTATION FOR SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 1999 Conference CY MAR 01-04, 1999 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, BFGoodrich Aerosp, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Army Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan DE bearing wear; plastic optical fiber; condition based maintenance; embedded sensors; fiber optic sensors; tribology; propulsion shaft; smart bearings; smart sensors; rubber molding AB This paper describes recent developments of a practical, low cost embedded plastic optical fiber (POF) wear sensor system for the condition based maintenance of external outboard water lubricated bearings aboard U.S. Navy Ships. The benefit of this measurement system over the status quo is the ability to remotely monitor bearing wear. The Embedded Wear Sensor system (Navy invention disclosure #78,570) features a sacrificial wear fiber embedded into the nitrile rubber bearing. This fiber may also act as a conduit for the transmission of pressure and temperature data that may be resolved into alignment data. The authors selected a commercially-off-the-shelf plastic fiber for the sensor because of its material compatibility with the nitrile rubber bearing staves in terms of flexural modulus and wear properties. Presented herein is a description of the system concept, the results of non-linear finite element analysis, market survey of POF, mold studies, small scale prototyping and abrasive wear testing. A description of the sensor concept and the results of the preliminary finite element analysis of the bearing stave geometry are presented. Preliminary results of molding and glue bonding POF in nitrile rubber and then abrasive wear testing indicate that this is a viable concept. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cohen, EI (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 823, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3144-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3670 BP 256 EP 267 DI 10.1117/12.349736 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BN29P UT WOS:000081456200028 ER PT S AU Gause, LW Krantz, DG Biermann, PJ Belk, JH AF Gause, LW Krantz, DG Biermann, PJ Belk, JH BE Varadan, VK TI Early demonstration of remotely queried microsensors SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1999: SMART ELECTRONICS AND MEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 1999 Conference CY MAR 01-04, 1999 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, BFGoodrich Aerosp, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Army Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan DE embedded sensors; remotely-queried; smart structures; prognostics; health monitoring; sensor tag AB Prototype remotely queried embedded microsensor (RQEM) devices were installed on two US Navy platforms to verify the robustness of the transponder circuitry to survive in operational environments. Devices were installed on the Advanced Enclosed Mast / Sensor System (AEM/S) aboard USS Radford in May 1998. These devices are in the high EMI environment of the SPS-40 radome. The devices were checked after deployment in October and were functioning normally. Devices were also installed on the Boeing AV-8B Harrier T1 aircraft and have successfully survived the vibration, temperature and acoustic noise environment of flight operations. These devices remain installed on these platforms and will be periodically checked to determine the suitability of the transponder circuitry for long term operation. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gause, LW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3147-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3673 BP 190 EP 194 DI 10.1117/12.354268 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN68Q UT WOS:000082586000022 ER PT S AU Kim, C Glazounov, AE Flippen, FD Pattnaik, A Zhang, QM Lewis, D AF Kim, C Glazounov, AE Flippen, FD Pattnaik, A Zhang, QM Lewis, D BE Wuttig, M TI Piezoelectric ceramic assembly tubes for torsional actuators SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1999: SMART MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 1999 Conference CY MAR 01-04, 1999 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, BFGoodrich Aerosp, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Army Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan DE torsional actuator; piezoelectric ceramic; shear piezoelectric effect; reliability tests; torque; continuous poling AB The efforts described here are intended to provide a basis for the utilization of novel piezoelectric actuators in smart materials and structures. The actuator design developed in this study is a segmented, piezoelectric tube, with the individual segments driven in a d(15) shear mode. The PZT-SA tubes were cut longitudinally into an even number of equal slender segments. These slender segments were poled individually along their length using a continuous poling technique developed at NRL. The polarization of the poled segments alternates in direction between adjacent segments. The segments were reassembled with a conductive epoxy so that it serves as both joint and electrode. The assembled actuator tubes were evaluated by applying electric field normal to the polarization direction of the segments, demonstrating proof of concept. These solid state prototype devices were driven to precise angular displacement and torque output. Reliability tests, including both fatigue and mechanical loading of the device, were conducted. In conjunction with this effort, numerical computation analyses were performed with respect to structural integrity versus segment joint thickness, and the relative effect of cylindrical versus polygonal configurations. These studies facilitated the successful production of prototypes. Projected actuator outputs based on electromechanical test results are also discussed in terms of requirements for noise and vibration control of helicopter rotor blades. C1 Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, C (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3149-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3675 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1117/12.352813 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BN52C UT WOS:000082110500006 ER PT S AU Gargantini, A Heitmeyer, C AF Gargantini, A Heitmeyer, C BE Nierstrasz, O Lemoine, M TI Using model checking to generate tests from requirements specifications SO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - ESEC/FSE '99, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Software Engineering Conference/7th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering CY SEP 06-10, 1999 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP ACM SIGSOFT AB Recently, many formal methods, such as the SCR (Software Cost Reduction) requirements method, have been proposed for improving the quality of software specifications. Although improved specifications are valuable, the ultimate objective of software development is to produce software that satisfies its requirements. To evaluate the correctness of a software implementation, one can apply black-box testing to determine whether the implementation, given a sequence of system inputs, produces the correct system outputs. This paper describes a specification-based method for constructing a suite of test sequences, where a test sequence is a sequence of inputs and outputs for testing a software implementation. The test sequences are derived from a tabular SCR requirements specification containing diverse data types, i.e., integer, boolean, and enumerated types. From the functions defined in the SCR specification, the method forms a collection of predicates called branches, which "cover" all possible software behaviors described by the specification. Based on these predicates, the method then derives a suite of test sequences by using a model checker's ability to construct counterexamples. The paper presents the results of applying our method to four specifications, including a sizable component of a contractor specification of a real system. C1 Politecn Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Politecn Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM Angelo.Gargantini@elet.polimi.it; heitmeyer@itd.nrl.navy.mil RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011; Gargantini, Angelo/E-6060-2012; OI Gargantini, Angelo/0000-0002-4035-0131; Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 NR 24 TC 177 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-66538-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1687 BP 146 EP 162 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT95H UT WOS:000174580100009 ER PT S AU Sheeley, NR AF Sheeley, NR BE Habbal, SR Esser, R Hollweg, JV Isenberg, PA TI Using LASCO observations to infer solar wind speed near the sun SO SOLAR WIND NINE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Solar Wind Conference CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL NANTUCKET, MA SP Amer Inst Phys ID CORONA C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheeley, NR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-865-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 471 BP 41 EP 45 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BN29A UT WOS:000081435700006 ER PT S AU Karpen, JT AF Karpen, JT BE Habbal, SR Esser, R Hollweg, JV Isenberg, PA TI Formation of the slow solar wind in streamers SO SOLAR WIND NINE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Solar Wind Conference CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL NANTUCKET, MA SP Amer Inst Phys ID HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEET; CORONAL STREAMERS; SHEAR-FLOW; INSTABILITY; EVOLUTION; TRANSITION; TURBULENCE; ORIGIN; MODEL AB We have investigated a magnetohydrodynamic mechanism which accounts self-consistently for the variability, latitudinal extent, and bulk acceleration of the slow solar wind. Our model represents a streamer beyond the underlying coronal helmet as a neutral sheet embedded in a plane fluid wake, characterized by two parameters which vary with distance from the Sun: the ratio of the cross-stream velocity scale to the neutral sheet width (delta), and the ratio of the typical Alfven velocity to the typical flow speed far from the neutral sheet (A). Depending on the values of these parameters, our linear theory predicts that this system responds to perturbations with three kinds of instability: a streaming tearing instability, and two ideal fluid instabilities with different cross-stream symmetries (varicose and sinuous). In the magnetically-dominated region near the helmet cusp, the streamer is resistively and ideally unstable, evolving from tearing-type reconnection in the linear regime to a nonlinear varicose fluid instability. Travelling magnetic islands are formed which are similar to "blobs" recently revealed by the Large-Angle Spectroscopic COronagraph (LASCO) on the joint ESA/NASA Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). Past the Alfven point, the tearing mode is suppressed but an ideal sinuous fluid mode can develop, producing additional acceleration up to typical slow-wind speeds and substantial broadening of the wake. Farther from the Sun, the streamer becomes highly turbulent, thus slowing the acceleration and producing strong filamentation throughout the core of the wake. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karpen, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7675K, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Karpen, Judith/E-1484-2012 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-865-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 471 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BN29A UT WOS:000081435700007 ER PT J AU Rubinstein, M Lubitz, P Wang, HS Li, Q AF Rubinstein, M Lubitz, P Wang, HS Li, Q TI Ferromagnetic resonance in an ultrathin manganate film SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE magnetic films and multilayers; laser processing; electron paramagnetic resonance AB The ferromagnetic resonance of an ultrathin 7.5 nm Pr0.67Sr0.33MnO3 film which possesses a large low-field magnetoresistive effect was investigated with a view to determine the orientation of the film's magnetization vector. By comparing resonance fields oriented parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the film, we determined that the easy axis of magnetization is perpendicular to the plane. The low-temperature perpendicular anisotropy field was estimated to be similar to 10 kOe. A possible link between the perpendicular anisotropy and the magnetoresistance is briefly discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rubinstein, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 1999 VL 109 IS 12 BP 745 EP 749 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(99)00029-0 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 179AK UT WOS:000079301200003 ER PT S AU Flatte, ME Byers, JM AF Flatte, ME Byers, JM BE Ehrenreich, H Spaepen, F TI Local electronic structure of defects in superconductors SO SOLID STATE PHYSICS - ADVANCES IN RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS, VOL 52 SE Solid State Physics LA English DT Review ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTORS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; MAGNETIC-ALLOY SUPERCONDUCTORS; II SUPERCONDUCTOR; VORTEX LINE; ORDER-PARAMETER; PENETRATION DEPTH; GAP ANISOTROPY; PAIRING STATE C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 130 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0081-1947 BN 0-12-607753-3 J9 SOLID STATE PHYS JI Solid State Phys. PY 1999 VL 52 BP 137 EP 228 DI 10.1016/S0081-1947(08)60019-3 PG 92 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BN56X UT WOS:000082270300002 ER PT B AU Marsh, SP Glicksman, ME AF Marsh, SP Glicksman, ME BE Hofmeister, WH Rogers, JR Singh, NB Marsh, SP Vorhees, PW TI Environmental noise effects in statistical coarsening theory SO SOLIDIFICATION 1999 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solidification 1999 at the TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP TMS Mat Proc & Mfg Div Solidificat Comm ID GRAIN-GROWTH; DIFFUSION AB Statistical coarsening theories that account for finite volume fractions of the coarsening phase generally yield tin kinetics for the growth of an average lengthscale, such as mean particle radius. The rate constant for this process also is found to increase with increasing volume fraction of precipitates. To address the discrepancy between theoretical size distributions and the broader ones observed experimentally, a stochastic expression for particle growth rates is developed. This growth function adds a size- and volume fraction-dependent fluctuation to the average growth rate derived in an earlier statistical theory by the authors. The resulting continuity equation for the particle size distribution function contains a second-order derivative that will tend to broaden the predicted size distributions. The physical and mathematical foundations of this stochastic approach are outlined, and the implications of the stochastic growth law on coarsening are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marsh, SP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-429-1 PY 1999 BP 229 EP 238 PG 10 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM93V UT WOS:000080192400022 ER PT J AU Balogh, A Bothmer, V Crooker, NU Forsyth, RJ Gloeckler, G Hewish, A Hilchenbach, M Kallenbach, R Klecker, B Linker, JA Lucek, E Mann, G Marsch, E Posner, A Richardson, IG Schmidt, JM Scholer, M Wang, YM Wimmer-Schweingruber, RF Aellig, MR Bochsler, P Hefti, S Mikic, Z AF Balogh, A Bothmer, V Crooker, NU Forsyth, RJ Gloeckler, G Hewish, A Hilchenbach, M Kallenbach, R Klecker, B Linker, JA Lucek, E Mann, G Marsch, E Posner, A Richardson, IG Schmidt, JM Scholer, M Wang, YM Wimmer-Schweingruber, RF Aellig, MR Bochsler, P Hefti, S Mikic, Z CA Working Grp 1 TI The solar origin of corotating interaction regions and their formation in the inner heliosphere - Report of Working Group 1 SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ULTRAVIOLET CORONAGRAPH SPECTROMETER; WIND STREAM INTERFACES; HIGH-SPEED STREAM; CURRENT SHEET; MINIMUM ACTIVITY; SOHO; ULYSSES; EVOLUTION; SOHO/CELIAS/CTOF; PARAMETERS AB Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs) form as a consequence of the compression of the solar wind at the interface between fast speed streams and slow streams. Dynamic interaction of solar wind streams is a general feature of the heliospheric medium; when the sources of the solar wind streams are relatively stable, the interaction regions form a pattern which corotates with the Sun. The regions of origin of the high speed solar wind streams have been clearly identified as the coronal holes with their open magnetic field structures. The origin of the slow speed solar wind is less clear; slow streams may well originate from a range of coronal configurations adjacent to, or above magnetically closed structures. This article addresses the coronal origin of the stable pattern of solar wind streams which leads to the formation of CIRs. In particular, coronal models based on photospheric measurements are reviewed; we also examine the observations of kinematic and compositional solar wind features at 1 AU, their appearance in the stream interfaces (SIs) of CIRs, and their relationship to the structure of the solar surface and the inner corona; finally we summarise the Helios observations in the inner heliosphere of CIRs and their precursors to give a link between the optical observations on their solar origin and the in-situ plasma observations at 1 AU after their formation. The most important question that remains to be answered concerning the solar origin of CIRs is related to the origin and morphology of the slow solar wind. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Univ Kiel, Kiel, Germany. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Mullard Radio Astron Observ, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Max Planck Inst Aeron, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Int Space Sci Inst, Bern, Switzerland. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Inst Astrophys, Potsdam, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Bern, Switzerland. RP Balogh, A (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BZ, England. EM a.balogh@ic.ac.uk; vbothmer@kernphysik.uni-kiel.de; crooker@buasta.bu.edu; r.forsyth@ic.ac.uk; gg10@pop.umail.umd.edu; ah120@mrao.cam.ac.uk; hilchenbach@roland4.mpae.gwdg.de; kallenbach@issi.unibe.ch; bek@mpesmp.mpe-garching.mpg.de; linker@iris023.saic.com; e.lucek@ic.ac.uk; gmann@aip.de; marsch@linax1.dnet.gwdg.de; aposner@kernphysik.uni-kiel.de; richardson@lheavx.gsfc.nasa.gov; j.m.schmidt@ic.ac.uk; mbs@mpe-garching.mpg.de; ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil; wimmer@phim.unibe.ch OI Schmidt, Joachim/0000-0002-7927-0665; Richardson, Ian/0000-0002-3855-3634 NR 68 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 1999 VL 89 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 178 DI 10.1023/A:1005245306874 PG 38 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 286AV UT WOS:000085422200011 ER PT J AU Mason, GM Von Steiger, R Decker, RB Desai, MI Dwyer, JR Fisk, LA Gloeckler, G Gosling, JT Hilchenbach, M Kallenbach, R Keppler, E Klecker, B Kunow, H Mann, G Richardson, IG Sanderson, TR Simnett, GM Wang, YM Wimmer-Schweingruber, RF Franz, M Mazur, JE AF Mason, GM Von Steiger, R Decker, RB Desai, MI Dwyer, JR Fisk, LA Gloeckler, G Gosling, JT Hilchenbach, M Kallenbach, R Keppler, E Klecker, B Kunow, H Mann, G Richardson, IG Sanderson, TR Simnett, GM Wang, YM Wimmer-Schweingruber, RF Franz, M Mazur, JE CA Working Grp 6 TI Origin, injection, and acceleration of CIR particles: Observations - Report of Working Group 6 SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS; ROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS; HIGH HELIOGRAPHIC LATITUDES; SOLAR-WIND STREAM; EARTHS BOW SHOCK; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS; ECLIPTIC-PLANE; IONS UPSTREAM AB This report emphasizes new observational aspects of CIR ions revealed by advanced instruments launched on the Ulysses, WIND, SOHO, and ACE spacecraft, and by the unique vantage point of Ulysses which carried out the first survey of Corotating Interaction Region (CIR) properties over a very wide range of heliolatitudes. With this more complete observational picture established, this review is the basis to consider the status of theoretical models on origin, injection, and acceleration of CIR particles reported by Scholer, Mann et al. (1999) in this volume. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Int Space Sci Inst, Bern, Switzerland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. Univ Kiel, Kiel, Germany. Inst Astrophys, Potsdam, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. ESA, ESTEC, Dept Space Sci, Noordwijk, Netherlands. Univ Birmingham, Dept Phys & Astron, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Bern, Switzerland. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RP Mason, GM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM Glenn.Mason@umail.umd.edu; vonsteiger@issi.unibe.ch; robert.decker@jhuapl.edu; desai@uleiss.umd.edu; dwyer@uleis.umd.edu; lafisk@umich.edu; gg10@pop.umail.umd.edu; jgosling@lan1.gov; hilchenbach@roland4.mpae.gwdg.de; kallenbach@issi.unibe.ch; keppler@pgate2.mpae.gwdg.de; bek@mpesmp.mpe-garching.mpg.de; kunow@kernphysik.uni-kiel.de; gmann@aip.de; richardson@lheavx.gsfc.nasa.gov; sanderson@estso3.estec.esa.nl; gms@star.sr.bham.ac.uk; ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil; wimmer@phim.unibe.ch RI Von Steiger, Rudolf/F-6822-2011; OI Von Steiger, Rudolf/0000-0002-3350-0023; Richardson, Ian/0000-0002-3855-3634 NR 65 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 1999 VL 89 IS 1-2 BP 327 EP 367 DI 10.1023/A:1005278214143 PG 41 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 286AV UT WOS:000085422200016 ER PT J AU Dahlburg, RB Einaudi, G AF Dahlburg, RB Einaudi, G TI Compressible aspects of slow solar wind formation SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE slow solar wind; magnetohydrodynamics; turbulence ID CORONA AB Recently we have shown how the slow solar wind can be formed within a coronal helmet streamer. The solar wind is modeled by a "wake neutral" sheet, whose subsequent linear and nonlinear evolution provides clues to the development of the wind. In this paper we describe the first results of our extension of this model to the compressible regime. In particular, we show that traveling density enhancements are formed, similar to those observed by LASCO. The compressible equations are solved by an extension to MHD of the SPECLS algorithm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Sez A, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Springfield, VA USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Code 6440, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 1999 VL 87 IS 1-2 BP 157 EP 160 DI 10.1023/A:1005199007385 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 239YL UT WOS:000082798000018 ER PT J AU Karovska, M Wood, BE Cook, JW Howard, RA Brueckner, GE AF Karovska, M Wood, BE Cook, JW Howard, RA Brueckner, GE TI Study of dynamical properties of coronal structures in the polar regions SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review AB We present the results from a study of the dynamical properties of polar jets in the Sun's polar regions using LASCO C2 coronagraph and EIT observations. In the simplest impulsive acceleration scenarios for jets, gravity is expected to be the dominant force on the jet following the initial acceleration, especially in the Sun's polar regions where the open magnetic fields should not significantly impede the jet's motion. Our analysis shows that although at low heights the kinematics of the jets could be consistent with a gravitational deceleration of the ejected plasma, at higher heights their motions may simply follow the ambient solar wind outflow. If so, the polar jets can be used as tracers of the solar wind in coronal holes. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 1999 VL 87 IS 1-2 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1023/A:1005100618288 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 239YL UT WOS:000082798000032 ER PT J AU Ofman, L Romoli, M Noci, G Poletto, G Kohl, JL Howard, RA St Cyr, C Deforest, CE AF Ofman, L Romoli, M Noci, G Poletto, G Kohl, JL Howard, RA St Cyr, C Deforest, CE TI SOHO observations of density fluctuations in coronal holes SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SOLAR-WIND ACCELERATION; SOLITARY WAVES; SPECTROMETER AB In recent UVCS/SOHO White Light Channel (WLC) observations we found quasi-periodic variations in the polarized brightness (pB) in the polar coronal holes at heliocentric distances of 1.9 to 2.45 solar radii. The motivation for the observation is the 2.5D MHD model of solar wind acceleration by nonlinear waves, that predicts compressive fluctuations in coronal holes. in February 1998 we performed new observations using the UVCS/WLC in the coronal hole and obtained additional data. The new data corroborate our earlier findings with higher statistical significance. The new longer observations show that the power spectrum peaks in the 10-12 minute range. These timescales agree with EIT observations of brightness fluctuations in polar plumes. We performed preliminary LASCO/C2 observations in an effort to further establish the coronal origin of the fluctuations. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Raytheon ITSS, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Florence, Dept Astron, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 682, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Romoli, Marco/H-6859-2012 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 1999 VL 87 IS 1-2 BP 287 EP 290 DI 10.1023/A:1005181408719 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 239YL UT WOS:000082798000047 ER PT S AU Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Busse, LE Talley, D Aggarwal, ID AF Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Busse, LE Talley, D Aggarwal, ID BE Katzir, A Harrington, JA TI Infrared transmitting fiber optics for biomedical applications SO SPECIALTY FIBER OPTICS FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Specialty Fiber Optics for Medical Applications CY JAN 24-25, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE infrared fiber optics; sensors; topography; spectroscopy; scanning near field microscopy; laser power transmission ID GLASS-FIBERS; FABRICATION; AMPLIFIERS AB The availability of low loss and high strength chalcogenide fibers is enabling many applications, including biomedical. We report the fabrication and use of chalcogenide fibers for biomedical spectroscopy, scanning near field IR microscopy (SNIM) and laser power delivery. For example, lateral resolution of 20 nm and optical resolution of about 100 nm have been demonstrated for SNIM. The preliminary results are very encouraging and more work is being performed in lowering the losses and improving the performance of the fibers in the appropriate applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sanghera, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3066-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3596 BP 178 EP 187 DI 10.1117/12.346713 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN04G UT WOS:000080481400021 ER PT S AU Volpano, D AF Volpano, D BE Cortesi, A File, G TI Safety versus secrecy SO STATIC ANALYSIS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Static Analysis CY SEP 22-24, 1999 CL VENICE, ITALY SP EALPS, ALP, CNR, Compulog, Ca Foscari Univ, Padova Univ AB Safety and secrecy are formulated for a deterministic programming language. A safety property is defined as a set of program traces and secrecy is defined as a binary relation on traces, characterizing a form of Noninterference. Safety properties may have sound and complete execution monitors whereas secrecy has no such monitor. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Volpano, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-66459-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1694 BP 303 EP 311 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BP76S UT WOS:000086111700020 ER PT S AU Whiting, AB AF Whiting, AB BE Whitelock, P Cannon, R TI Age and mass of the Local Group from satellite galaxy dynamics SO STELLAR CONTENT OF LOCAL GROUP GALAXIES SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 192nd Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY SEP 07-11, 1998 CL CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Astron Union, S Africa Observ, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Univ Cape Town, AngloGold Corp, Fdn Res Dev ID NEARBY GALAXIES; BRIGHTEST STARS; SEXTANS-B; LEO-A; CEPHEIDS; PEGASUS AB The present kinematics of an unrelaxed system such as the Local Group can be used to investigate its dynamics on a cosmological time scale. In particular, the classical timing argument of Kahn & Woltjer may be extended to distant satellite galaxies of the Local Group whose distances and velocities are known with some accuracy. Including a correction for the fact that the Local Group was not always dynamically isolated, I derive a mass for the Group of about 1.6 X 10(12) M-circle dot and an age of 1.0 to 1.2 x 10(10) years. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Whiting, AB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-886733-82-1 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1999 IS 192 BP 420 EP 426 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU33A UT WOS:000175705000058 ER PT B AU Pier, JR AF Pier, JR BE Gibson, BK Putman, ME TI Finding BHB stars with SDSS to constrain HVC distances SO STROMLO WORKSHOP ON HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUDS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Stromlo Workshop on High-Velocity Clouds CY AUG 14-15, 1998 CL CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA SP Astron Soc Pacific ID HORIZONTAL-BRANCH STARS; GALACTIC HALO; FIELD; CATALOG; MORPHOLOGY; DENSITY AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) will carry out a digital photometric and spectroscopic survey over pi steradians in the northern Galactic cap. An array of CCD detectors used in drift-scan mode will image the sky in five passbands to a limiting magnitude of r' similar to 23. Selected from the imaging survey, 10(6) galaxies, 10(5) quasars and several x 10(4) stars will be observed spectroscopically. Candidate field Blue Horizontal Branch (BHB) stars will form a significant fraction of the stellar spectroscopic targets. Confirmed halo BHB stars may be used to constrain the distances to High Velocity Clouds (HVCs). C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Pier, JR (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-87-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 166 BP 73 EP 83 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BN45A UT WOS:000081943100007 ER PT B AU Johnson, GA Pran, K Wang, G Havsgard, GB Vohra, ST AF Johnson, GA Pran, K Wang, G Havsgard, GB Vohra, ST BE Chang, FK TI Structural monitoring of a composite hull air cushion catamaran with a multi-channel fiber Bragg grating sensor system SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONTORING 2000 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 08-10, 1999 CL STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, USA Res Off, Fed Highway Adm, Natl Sci Fdn HO STANFORD UNIV ID STRAIN-SENSOR; WAVELENGTH AB A multi-channel fiber Bragg grating sensor system has been utilized to monitor the structural dynamical response of an in-operation composite hull naval vessel. In addition to monitoring the ship's normal vibrations and bending motions, monitoring the response of the ship to wave slamming (i.e., wave impacts), especially in the wet deck region of the catamaran, is of some importance since it can lead to large-scale damage in the ship. A distributed array of wavelength division multiplexed Bragg grating strain sensors has been utilized to measure: (i) global hull bending with Bragg grating sensor pairs, (ii) local strain concentrations with Bragg,orating rosettes, (iii) vibrational response of a surface ship waterjet propulsion system with a small array of longitudinally bonded gratings and (iv) large dynamic strain response in the wet deck region from wave slamming. Data were obtained during various naval exercises. The work reported is part of an ongoing effort to develop a fiber optic hull health monitoring system with online signal processing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-881-0 PY 1999 BP 190 EP 198 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BP03P UT WOS:000083947300018 ER PT B AU Todd, M Johnson, G Vohra, S Chen-Chang, C Danver, B Malsawma, L AF Todd, M Johnson, G Vohra, S Chen-Chang, C Danver, B Malsawma, L BE Chang, FK TI Civil infrastructure monitoring with fiber Bragg grating sensor arrays SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONTORING 2000 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 08-10, 1999 CL STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, USA Res Off, Fed Highway Adm, Natl Sci Fdn HO STANFORD UNIV AB Arrays of fiber Bragg grating-based mechanical sensors have been used recently by the Naval Research Laboratory in a variety of in-service civil structure applications. Two of these applications include (1) a 64-channel strain sensor array placed on an interstate bridge in New Mexico used to monitor traffic loading events, to monitor long-term vibrational responses with an eye towards health assessment, and to obtain real-time girder deflection estimates; and (2) a strain and acceleration array used to monitor the quasi-static responses of a steel box-girder bridge during various construction phases in Switzerland. This paper reports on selected data extracted from each of these field experiences. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Todd, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-881-0 PY 1999 BP 359 EP 368 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BP03P UT WOS:000083947300035 ER PT B AU Vincent, HT Hu, SLJ Hou, Z AF Vincent, HT Hu, SLJ Hou, Z BE Chang, FK TI Damage detection using empirical mode decomposition method and a comparison with wavelet analysis SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONTORING 2000 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 08-10, 1999 CL STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, USA Res Off, Fed Highway Adm, Natl Sci Fdn HO STANFORD UNIV AB This study focuses on data analysis methods for damage detection based on structural response data. Specifically, the application of the newly-emerged empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method to damage detection is investigated and compared with the wavelet analysis (WA) approach. Numerical studies are performed for synthetic structural response data generated from a three-story shear building with a sinusoidal external excitation and a sudden stiffness loss in the first story columns during the monitoring period. Results indicate that both the EMD and WA approaches can be used to sharply identify the time at which structural damage occurs. One known strength of the EMD method is its adaptive nature. It decomposes the original signal into a number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) with each IMF often containing distinct physical significance. The WA approach is purely mathematical and non-adaptive in nature. However, the application of discrete WA is very effective for extracting from acceleration signals the singularities caused by sudden damage. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Vincent, HT (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-881-0 PY 1999 BP 891 EP 900 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BP03P UT WOS:000083947300087 ER PT S AU Clem, TR AF Clem, TR BE Nguyen, C TI A high Tc superconducting magnetic sensor for detection of subsurface structures SO SUBSURFACE SENSORS AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Subsurface Sensors and Applications CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE subsurface structure detection; magnetic anomaly detection; magnetic gradiometer; Superconducting Quantum Interference Device ID GRADIOMETER AB Magnetic detection offers one approach to complement optical, infrared, radar, and acoustic sensing for wide-area detection, localization and classification applicable for a large class of subsurface structures. Sensors incorporating Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) provide a promising approach for such wide-area searches. A SQUID-based sensor developed in the 1980's demonstrated an effective capability to detect, localize, and classify underwater magnetic targets such as sea mines and unexploded ordnance. This sensor incorporated low critical temperature (low Tc) superconducting components cooled by liquid helium to a temperature of 4 degrees Kelvin (K). In the late 1980's, a new class of "high Tc superconductors was discovered with critical temperatures above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77K). Nitrogen refrigeration offers new opportunities for this superconducting sensor technology, including significant reduction in the size of sensor packages and reduction in the requirements for cryogenic support and logistics. As a result of this breakthrough, a high-Tc sensor cryocooled by liquid nitrogen has been developed and is being evaluated for mobile operation. In this paper, opportunities and approaches using magnetic sensors for subsurface structure detection will be addressed. Results from evaluation of this high-Tc SQUID sensor will be presented and its capability for these applications will be discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Clem, TR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Code R22, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3238-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3752 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1117/12.365690 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BN95D UT WOS:000083637300013 ER PT S AU Gershenson, M AF Gershenson, M BE Nguyen, C TI Synthetic aperture processing of electromagnetic sounding in conductive media. SO SUBSURFACE SENSORS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Subsurface Sensors and Applications CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE SAR; GPR; equivalent wave field; EWF; electromagnetic; EM; synthetic aperture equivalent wave field; SAEWF AB Electromagnetic signals propagate underwater following a diffusion equation. Using similarities between the diffusion equation and wave propagation, a transformation between the diffusion and the wave propagation can be performed employing the equivalent wave field (EWF). Using EWF, it is possible to apply enhancements developed for wave propagation to diffusive propagation. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is one of the enhancements used in a conventional wave field. Using wide-band electromagnetic transmission and the EWF, it is possible to detect and localized underwater conductivity anomalies. SAR is known to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution. SAR together with EWF was applied to synthetic data of a conducting sphere embedded in an infinite ocean. Noise was added to the signal. A major improvement in the detection and resolution was demonstrated. C1 Meir Gershenson Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, NSWC, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Gershenson, M (reprint author), Meir Gershenson Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, NSWC, Code R22, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. OI Gershenson, Meir/0000-0002-1318-3286 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3238-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3752 BP 326 EP 332 DI 10.1117/12.365714 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BN95D UT WOS:000083637300034 ER PT S AU Antiochos, SK DeVore, CR AF Antiochos, SK DeVore, CR BE Burch, JL Carovillano, RL Antiochos, SK TI The role of magnetic reconnection in solar activity SO SUN-EARTH PLASMA CONNECTIONS SE GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Toward Solar Max 2000 - The Present Achievements and Future Opportunities of ISTP and GEM Workshop CY FEB 10-13, 1998 CL YOSEMITE NATL PARK, CA ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; X-RAY TELESCOPE; FIELDS; ARCADES; ENERGY; FLARES; EQUILIBRIUM; CURRENTS; REGIONS; SURGES AB We argue that magnetic reconnection plays the determining role in many of the various manifestations of solar activity. In particular, it is the trigger mechanism for the most energetic of solar events, coronal mass ejections and eruptive flares. We propose that in order to obtain explosive eruptions, magnetic reconnection in the corona must have an "on-off" nature, and show that reconnection in a sheared multi-polar field configuration does have this property. Numerical simulation results which support this model are presented, and implications for coronal mass ejections/eruptive flare prediction are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Antiochos, SK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7675, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 0-87590-092-5 J9 GEOPH MONOG SERIES PY 1999 VL 109 BP 113 EP 120 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BN13C UT WOS:000080795900011 ER PT S AU Antiochos, SK AF Antiochos, SK BE Burch, JL Carovillano, RL Antiochos, SK TI The science of Solar-B SO SUN-EARTH PLASMA CONNECTIONS SE GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Toward Solar Max 2000 - The Present Achievements and Future Opportunities of ISTP and GEM Workshop CY FEB 10-13, 1998 CL YOSEMITE NATL PARK, CA AB Solar-B is an ISAS mission designed as a follow-on to the highly successful Japan/US/UK Yohkoh (Solar-A) colloboration. The mission consists of a coordinated set of optical, EUV and X-ray instruments that will observe the direct response of the Sun's corona to changes in the photospheric magnetic and velocity fields. Solar-B will reveal the mechanisms that give rise to solar variability and determine how this variability modulates the solar output and creates the drivers of space weather. Hence, Solar-B can be considered as the vanguard of the generation of missions post-ISTP that will study the Sun-Earth Connection. We present some of the science objectives of Solar-B, focusing on the creation and destruction of the Sun's magnetic field and on solar eruptions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Antiochos, SK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7675, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 0-87590-092-5 J9 GEOPH MONOG SERIES PY 1999 VL 109 BP 207 EP 212 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BN13C UT WOS:000080795900020 ER PT B AU Chrisey, DB Pique, A Auyeung, RCY McGill, RA Chung, R Lakeou, S Wu, P Fitz-Gerald, J Wu, HD AF Chrisey, DB Pique, A Auyeung, RCY McGill, RA Chung, R Lakeou, S Wu, P Fitz-Gerald, J Wu, HD BE Kumar, A Chung, YW Moore, JJ Smugeresky, JE TI A new approach to laser direct writing active and passive mesoscopic circuit elements SO SURFACE ENGINEERING: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Surface Engineering - Science and Technology I held at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Proc & Mfg Div AB We have combined some of the major positive advantages of laser induced forward transfer (LIFT) and matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE), to produce a novel excimer laser driven direct writing technique which has demonstrated the deposition in air and at room temperature and with sub-10 mu m resolution of active and passive prototype circuit elements on planar and nonplanar substrates. We have termed this technique MAPLE-DW (direct write). This paper outlines the simplistic approach to carry out MAPLE-DW, gives experimental conditions and physical characterization results for the deposition of nickel-chromium thin film resistors, interconnecting gold conducting lines, yttrium-iron-garnet ferrite inductors, and high epsilon multilayer ferroelectric capacitors. In addition, an overview of other important aspects contained in the MAPLE-DW approach, e.g., the ability to do in situ laser micromachining, surface pre-treatment, and annealing, is described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chrisey, DB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-427-5 PY 1999 BP 143 EP 154 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM95J UT WOS:000080238600013 ER PT S AU Shing, M Luqi Berzins, V Saluto, M Williams, J AF Shing, M Luqi Berzins, V Saluto, M Williams, J GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Architectural re-engineering of Janus using object modeling and rapid prototyping SO TENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEMS PROTOTYPING, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid Systems Prototyping (RSP 99) CY JUN 16-18, 1999 CL CLEARWATER, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Simulat, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Test Technol, Assoc Comp Machinery SIGSIM AB This paper describes a case study to determine whether computer-aided prototyping techniques provide a cost-effective means for re-engineering legacy software. The case study consists of developing a high-level modular architecture for the existing US Army Janus combat simulation system, and validating the architecture via an executable prototype using the Computer Aided Prototyping System (CAPS), a research tool developed at the Naval Postgraduate School. The case study showed that prototyping can be a valuable aid in re-engineering of legacy systems, particularly in cases where radical changes to system conceptualization and software structure are needed. The CAPS system enabled us to do this with a minimal amount of coding effort. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Shing, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1074-6005 BN 0-7695-0246-6 J9 P IEEE RAP SYST PROT PY 1999 BP 216 EP 221 DI 10.1109/IWRSP.1999.779056 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN31E UT WOS:000081503000034 ER PT S AU Singh, DJ Mazin, II Feldman, JL Fornari, M AF Singh, DJ Mazin, II Feldman, JL Fornari, M BE Tritt, TM Kanatzidis, MG Mahan, GD Lyon, HB TI Properties of novel thermoelectrics from first principles calculations SO THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS 1998 - THE NEXT GENERATION MATERIALS FOR SMALL-SCALE REFRIGERATION AND POWER GENERATION APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thermoelectric Materials 1998 - The Next Generation Materials for Small-Scale Refrigeration and Power Generation Applications CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID FILLED SKUTTERUDITE ANTIMONIDES AB The use of first principles methods based on density functional theory to investigate novel thermoelectric materials is illustrated for several empty and filled skutterudite compounds, including CoSb3, CoP3, La(Fe,Co)(4)Sb-12 and La(Fe,Co)P-12. Band structures and their relationship to transport properties especially as regards optimization of thermoelectric properties is discussed. Phonon models constructed from calculations and existing experimental data for CoSb3 are presented. These have been extended to the filled skutterudites, particularly LaFe4Sb12 using additional first principles calculations to fix the La related parameters in the model. This model allows an interpretation of neutron scattering data as well as an understanding of the low frequency phonon modes that transport heat in these compounds. C1 USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012; OI Fornari, Marco/0000-0001-6527-8511 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-451-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 545 BP 3 EP 11 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Physics GA BN11K UT WOS:000080751000001 ER PT S AU Kim, YK Cho, SL DiVenere, A Wong, GK Meyer, JR Ketterson, JB AF Kim, YK Cho, SL DiVenere, A Wong, GK Meyer, JR Ketterson, JB BE Tritt, TM Kanatzidis, MG Mahan, GD Lyon, HB TI Thermoelectric and structural properties of Bi1-xTe1+x thin films on CdTe(111) SO THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS 1998 - THE NEXT GENERATION MATERIALS FOR SMALL-SCALE REFRIGERATION AND POWER GENERATION APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thermoelectric Materials 1998 - The Next Generation Materials for Small-Scale Refrigeration and Power Generation Applications CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Thin films of the hexagonal phase of Bi1-xTe1+x have been grown on CdTe(111) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns (theta-2 theta scans and rocking curves) of the films shows that their crystallinity depends upon the compositional deviation from stoichiometric BiTe. Measurements of the temperature-dependent thermoelectric power (TEP) of the films reveals that compositional changes cause the TEP to vary from electron dominant (n-type) to hole dominant (p-type), implying their possible application as a thermoelectric cooler or power generator. Measurements of the temperature-dependent resistivity of the films were conducted, and the analysis shows semimetallic behavior. These results demonstrate that Bi1-xTe1+x is an appropriate model system to study the dependencies of thermoelectric and structural properties on binary composition. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, YK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-451-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 545 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Physics GA BN11K UT WOS:000080751000026 ER PT S AU Demske, DL Price, JL Guardala, NA Lindsey, N Barkyoumb, JH Sharma, J Kang, HH Salamanca-Riba, L AF Demske, DL Price, JL Guardala, NA Lindsey, N Barkyoumb, JH Sharma, J Kang, HH Salamanca-Riba, L BE Tritt, TM Kanatzidis, MG Mahan, GD Lyon, HB TI The nanofabrication of quantum wires for the next generation of thermoelectrics SO THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS 1998 - THE NEXT GENERATION MATERIALS FOR SMALL-SCALE REFRIGERATION AND POWER GENERATION APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thermoelectric Materials 1998 - The Next Generation Materials for Small-Scale Refrigeration and Power Generation Applications CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID FIGURE; MERIT; SUPERLATTICES; ARRAYS AB The fabrication of a thermoelectric nanocomposite material consisting of nanometer scale bismuth (Bi) wires embedded in a porous mica template host is discussed in detail. In fabricating the mica templates, a positive ion accelerator is employed to irradiate 10 mu m thick mica sheets with collimated beams of 15 MeV carbon ions at fluence levels of 1.5 x 10(13) ions/cm(2). The normally incident beam generates latent nuclear damage tracks in the direction oriented perpendicularly to the mica basal plane. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) pictures of etched tracks verify that we have fabricated porous templates containing arrays of channels with densities up to 10(13)/cm(2) and diameters as small as 5 nanometers, thus providing pores having an aspect ratio of about 2000:1. Scanning electron micrographs of 50 nm diameter tracks show that these are parallel channels with smooth, non-tapered walls. In addition, to fabricate the wires we have developed a solution-electrodeposition process employing a PC processor-driven potentiostatic/galvanostatic system. Currently, we are electrochemically embedding 10 mu m long Pi wires through the nanochannel templates. The potentiostatic electrodeposition behavior of these wires is described. Current-voltage waveforms confirm that the wires are electrically uninterrupted through the mica template. Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) show these wires are single crystals, of well-defined orientation with diameters down to 50 Angstrom. We observe bundles of 80 Angstrom wires with a packing density of about 10(9)/cm(2). Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) has corroborated the presence of Bi in the nanochannels. The observation of the bismuth crystal orientation in the porous mica template is examined. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Demske, DL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-451-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 545 BP 209 EP 214 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Physics GA BN11K UT WOS:000080751000031 ER PT S AU Browning, VM Poon, SJ Tritt, TM Pope, AL Bhattacharya, S Volkov, P Song, JG Ponnambalam, V Ehrlich, AC AF Browning, VM Poon, SJ Tritt, TM Pope, AL Bhattacharya, S Volkov, P Song, JG Ponnambalam, V Ehrlich, AC BE Tritt, TM Kanatzidis, MG Mahan, GD Lyon, HB TI Thermoelectric properties of the half-Heusler compound (Zr,Hf)(Ni,Pd)Sn SO THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS 1998 - THE NEXT GENERATION MATERIALS FOR SMALL-SCALE REFRIGERATION AND POWER GENERATION APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thermoelectric Materials 1998 - The Next Generation Materials for Small-Scale Refrigeration and Power Generation Applications CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; FERMI LEVEL; GAP AB Recent measurements of the thermoelectric transport properties of a series of the half-Heusler compound ZrNiSn are presented. These materials are known to be bandgap intermetallic compounds with relatively large Seebeck coefficients and semimetallic to semiconducting transport properties. This makes them attractive for study as potential candidates for thermoelectric applications. In this study, trends in the thermoelectric power, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity are examined as a function of chemical substitution on the various fee sub-lattices that comprise the half-Heusler crystal structure. These results suggest that the lattice contribution to the thermal conductivity may be reduced by increasing the phonon scattering via chemical substitution. The effects of these substitutions on the overall power factor and figure-of-merit will also be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Browning, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-451-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 545 BP 403 EP 412 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Physics GA BN11K UT WOS:000080751000055 ER PT S AU Perez, I Davis, WR Kulowitch, P Dersch, MF AF Perez, I Davis, WR Kulowitch, P Dersch, MF BE LeMieux, DH Snell, JR TI Thermographic modeling of water entrapment SO THERMOSENSE XXI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense XXI CY APR 06-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE NDE; thermography; thermal models; calorimetric models; defects; water entrapment AB A common problem found in advanced structural materials is water entrapment. This problem is a major cause of material degradation. In metals if:can lead to corrosion and in composites it adds unnecessary weight to the structure and can lead to material degradation especially after freezing and thawing. Thermography has been investigated as a means of detecting water entrapment in metallic structures. A simple model has been derived that accurately describes the thermal response of these structures to short heat pulses. In this paper results on Aluminum panels with various amounts of water entrapment will be presented, Sensitivity relations will be derived and validated. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Mat, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Perez, I (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Mat, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3174-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3700 BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1117/12.342312 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BM93Z UT WOS:000080193300006 ER PT B AU Pier, JR AF Pier, JR CA SDSS Collaboration BE Gibson, BK Axelrod, TS Putman, ME TI The Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Galactic Halo SO THIRD STROMLO SYMPOSIUM: THE GALACTIC HALO SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Stromlo Symposium on the Galactic Halo CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL AUSTRALIAN ACAD SCI, CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA SP Astron Soc Pacific HO AUSTRALIAN ACAD SCI ID KINEMATICS; GALAXY; STARS AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) will carry out a digital photometric and spectroscopic survey over similar to 10,000 deg(2) in the northern Galactic cap. While the key science projects of SDSS are extragalactic, there will be ample opportunity for Galactic science, especially in the halo. A brief overview of the Survey and its status are presented along with a discussion of SDSS science projects in the Galactic Halo. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Pier, JR (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-86-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 165 BP 274 EP 278 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BN27W UT WOS:000081412400033 ER PT B AU Hinshaw, JM Cypher, BL Holmstead, GL AF Hinshaw, JM Cypher, BL Holmstead, GL BE Hall, LS Cypher, B TI Efficacy of habitat reclamation for endangered species at the Elk Hills Oil Field, California SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY, VOL 35, 1999 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Western Section of the Wildlife-Society CY 1999 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Wildlife Soc, Western Sect DE habitat reclamation; endangered species; San Joaquin kit fox; revegetation; vegetation cover; Elk Hills AB Ecological and economical efficacy of endangered species habitat reclamation at the Elk Hills Oil Field (formerly Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1) was evaluated. Revegetation success and level of site re-disturbance were evaluated 5 years post-treatment and 10 years post-treatment on 996 disturbed sites reclaimed between 1985 and 1989. Also, in 1994, vegetation cover and site usage by predators and prey of the endangered San Joaquin kit fos (Vulpes macrotis mutica) were recorded for a sample of these sites. Revegetation was considered successful when a site's vegetation cover at the end of the growing season was greater than or equal to 70% of the average cover observed on reference sites or adjacent undisturbed areas. After 5 years 47.2% of sites met this criterion. After 10 years 74.4% of a sample of sites still being monitored met this criterion. Annual grasses comprised most vegetative cover during the first 2 years. Shrubs comprised most vegetative cover after 4 years. After 5 years, 70.3% of the reclaimed sites were still intact and 29.7% had been partly or wholly re-disturbed. Lagomorphs (Lepus californicus and Sylvilagus audubonii) appeared to use most sites almost immediately after reclamation. Site use by rodents (Dipodomys spp., Onychomys torridus, Perognathus inornatus inornatus, and Peromyscus maniculatus) stabilized by the second year and burrows or feces were observed at greater than or equal to 90% of sites. Use of reclaimed sites by coyotes (Canis latrans) and kit foxes appeared to slightly increase 3 or 4 years following treatment. Because vegetative composition and structure on reclaimed sites >3 years old appeared to favor coyotes and bobcats (Felis rufus), the main predators of kit foxes, and on-site mitigation costs were more than 5 times higher than the estimated off-site mitigation costs, reclamation of disturbed endangered species habitat at Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1 was not considered to be efficacious. C1 USN, Petr Reserves Calif, Bakersfield, CA 93309 USA. RP Hinshaw, JM (reprint author), USN, Petr Reserves Calif, 1601 New Stine Rd,Suite 240, Bakersfield, CA 93309 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC WESTERN SECT PI RANCHO CORDOVA PA PO BOX 369, RANCHO CORDOVA, CA 95741-0369 USA PY 1999 BP 63 EP 70 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BQ59F UT WOS:000088905800010 ER PT B AU Samaddar, SN Mokole, EL AF Samaddar, SN Mokole, EL BE Heyman, E Mnadelbaum, B Shiloh, J TI Transient behavior of radiated and received fields associated with a resistively loaded dipole SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Ultra-Wideband Short-Pulse Electromagnetics CY JUN 14-19, 1998 CL TEL AVIV, ISRAEL SP Summa Fdn, HPEM Permanent Comm, Yuma Proving Ground, IEEE, URSI, Los Almos Natl Lab, USAF, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Maxwell Technologies, Maxwell Phis Int, Minist Sci, Minist Defense, Minist Tourism, RAFAEL ID PULSE C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Samaddar, SN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46206-0 PY 1999 BP 165 EP 180 DI 10.1109/UWBSP.1998.818950 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BP38L UT WOS:000084929500018 ER PT B AU Hansen, P Scheff, K Mokole, E AF Hansen, P Scheff, K Mokole, E BE Heyman, E Mnadelbaum, B Shiloh, J TI Dual polarized, UWB radar measurements of the sea at 9 GHz SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Ultra-Wideband Short-Pulse Electromagnetics CY JUN 14-19, 1998 CL TEL AVIV, ISRAEL SP Summa Fdn, HPEM Permanent Comm, Yuma Proving Ground, IEEE, URSI, Los Almos Natl Lab, USAF, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Maxwell Technologies, Maxwell Phis Int, Minist Sci, Minist Defense, Minist Tourism, RAFAEL C1 USN, Res Lab, Radar Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hansen, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Radar Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46206-0 PY 1999 BP 335 EP 348 DI 10.1109/UWBSP.1998.818967 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BP38L UT WOS:000084929500035 ER PT B AU Gershenson, M AF Gershenson, M BE Heyman, E Mnadelbaum, B Shiloh, J TI Time focousing of electromagnetic sounding in conductive media using similarities between wave and diffusion propagation SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Ultra-Wideband Short-Pulse Electromagnetics CY JUN 14-19, 1998 CL TEL AVIV, ISRAEL SP Summa Fdn, HPEM Permanent Comm, Yuma Proving Ground, IEEE, URSI, Los Almos Natl Lab, USAF, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Maxwell Technologies, Maxwell Phis Int, Minist Sci, Minist Defense, Minist Tourism, RAFAEL ID LAPLACE TRANSFORM AB By using similarities between EM sounding in dielectric and conductive media, it is shown that one can transform between solutions in one type of propagation to the other. The method is based on the similarities of the Laplace transform between the diffusive and the nondiffusive cases. In the diffusive case the equation involves the Laplace variable s in the first power while for the nondiffusive cases similar equations occur with s(2) Three alternative implementations are developed and their use is demonstrated. The first implementation is based on substitution s(2) for the Laplace transform variable s using forward and inverse numerical Laplace transform. The second implementation is based on expanding the diffusive time response on an exponential time base and replacing it with its image function in the wave case, namely a sinusoidal function. The third implementation is based on direct transformation in the time domain using exponential time interval sampling. The advantages of the techniques are their simple implementation. Other advantages and limitations of the method and each of the implementations are discussed. Application of common techniques used in processing of seismic, radar for processing and EM sounding in conductive media are discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Gershenson, M (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Code R22, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46206-0 PY 1999 BP 449 EP 456 DI 10.1109/UWBSP.1998.818980 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BP38L UT WOS:000084929500048 ER PT S AU Seely, JF Korde, R Hanser, F Wise, J Holland, GE Weaver, J Rife, JC AF Seely, JF Korde, R Hanser, F Wise, J Holland, GE Weaver, J Rife, JC BE Fineschi, S Woodgate, BE Kimble, RA TI Characterization of silicon photodiode detectors with multilayer filter coatings for 17-150 angstrom SO ULTRAVIOLET AND X-RAY DETECTION, SPECTROSCOPY, AND POLARIMETRY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet and X-Ray Detection, Spectroscopy, and Polarimetry III CY JUL 19-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE photodiode; soft x-ray; extreme ultraviolet; multilayer coating; filter; detector ID QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS; PERFORMANCE; ULTRAVIOLET AB Silicon photodiode detectors with multilayer coatings were characterized using synchrotron radiation. The coatings were composed of thin layers of metals and other materials and were designed to provide wavelength bandpasses in the 17-150 Angstrom wavelength region. The measured transmittances of the multilayer coatings are in good agreement with the calculated transmittances. The modeling accounts for the transmittance of the multilayer coating and the deposition of the radiation energy in the underlying silicon photodiode. Detectors with the following layer materials land wavelength bandpasses) were characterized: Fe/Al (17-30 Angstrom), Mn/Al (19-30 Angstrom), V/Al (24-35 Angstrom), Ti/C (27-40 Angstrom, Pd/Ti (27-50 Angstrom), Ti/Zr/Al (27-50 Angstrom), Ag/CaF2/Al (36-50 Angstrom), and Ti/Mo/C (50-150 Angstrom). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Woodgate, Bruce/D-2970-2012 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3250-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3764 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.371077 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BP33T UT WOS:000084756600011 ER PT S AU Budzien, SA Thonnard, SE Drob, DP Picone, JM Bucsela, EJ Dymond, KF AF Budzien, SA Thonnard, SE Drob, DP Picone, JM Bucsela, EJ Dymond, KF BE Carruthers, GR Dymond, KF TI Spectral fitting applications: improved calibration and radiometric accuracy of EUV/FUV sensors SO ULTRAVIOLET ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE REMOTE SENSING: METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Atmospheric and Space Remote Sensing - Methods and Instrumentation II CY JUL 22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE spectral analysis; calibration techniques; remote sensing; UV; instrumentaion AB Determining the brightness of each of several overlying emission features can be difficult in complex spectra, such as EUV/FUV airglow. Dayglow spectra contain bright atomic multiplet emissions, broad-band molecular emission features, and usually detector dark counts and light scattered from optical elements. Even laboratory calibration spectra from discharge lamps may contain emission from contaminants or unwanted atomic and molecular transitions. Isolating and analyzing emission features from medium spectral resolution (10-20 Angstrom) EUV/FUV spectrographs can be challenging, especially when scattering by mechanical grid collimators is significant. However, when the major emission sources are identifiable las in the case of airglow and laboratory spectral and their instrumental line shapes may be accurately measured or modeled, multiple linear regression may be used to estimate the brightness of each component of the observed spectrum. In multiple linear regression all emission components are simultaneously varied to obtain the best-fit to the observed spectrum using a simple chi(2) minimization technique. This approach leads to both improved calibration and improved radiometric accuracy of measurements for real-world, less-than-perfect instruments. Scattered light may change from a removable nuisance into detected counts that contribute to the signal. Sufficient signal-to-noise may permit blended spectral features to be deconvolved. The effect of contaminating emissions upon sensitivity calibration can be quantified. Improved sensitivity characterization may be performed on instruments for which the sensitivity varies rapidly in wavelength compared to the spectral resolution. Techniques, applications, and results will be discussed with respect to the Low Resolution Airglow/Auroral Spectrograph (LORAAS) and Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imager (SSULI) instruments aboard current and upcoming satellite remote sensing missions. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Xray Astron Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Budzien, SA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Xray Astron Branch, Code 7623, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014; OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3304-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3818 BP 34 EP 43 DI 10.1117/12.364159 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN99K UT WOS:000083801800005 ER PT S AU Thonnard, SE Budzien, SA Nicholas, AC Dymond, KF Drob, DP AF Thonnard, SE Budzien, SA Nicholas, AC Dymond, KF Drob, DP BE Carruthers, GR Dymond, KF TI An update on the calibration and performance of the special sensor ultraviolet limb imagers (SSULI) SO ULTRAVIOLET ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE REMOTE SENSING: METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Atmospheric and Space Remote Sensing - Methods and Instrumentation II CY JUL 22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE remote sensing; airglow; optical degradation; far ultraviolet stellar calibration ID OPTICAL CALIBRATION AB The Naval Research Laboratory has built five Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imagers (SSULIs) for the Defense Meteorological satellite Program. These sensors are designed to measure vertical intensity profiles of the Earth's airglow in the extreme and far ultraviolet (800 to 1700 Angstrom). The data from these sensors will be used to infer altitude profiles of ion, electron and neutral density. The first SSULI is scheduled to launch in 2000. An identical copy of the SSULI sensor called LORAAS was launched aboard the ARGOS spacecraft on February 23, 1999. Data from LORAAS will be use to verify the performance of the SSULI sensors, ground analysis software and validate the UV remote sensing technique. Together with the LORAAS instrument the SSULI program will collect data on the composition of the upper atmosphere for a complete solar cycle. All SSULI sensors were delivered for integration onto the spacecraft and have been returned to NRL for storage and periodic calibration checks until launch. Frequent monitoring of the sensor performance will be used to identify long-term optical degradation. This paper updates the sensor performance results reported previously in 1996 and includes the results of the first set of ground calibration checks after two years of storage. In addition, data from the LORAAS instrument is used to verify expected in-flight performance characteristics. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thonnard, SE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014; OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3304-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3818 BP 90 EP 98 DI 10.1117/12.364145 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN99K UT WOS:000083801800011 ER PT S AU Carruthers, GR Jenkins, EB AF Carruthers, GR Jenkins, EB BE Carruthers, GR Dymond, KF TI Par ultraviolet stellar occultation measurements of the upper atmosphere SO ULTRAVIOLET ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE REMOTE SENSING: METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Atmospheric and Space Remote Sensing - Methods and Instrumentation II CY JUL 22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc ID UV AB Measurement and monitoring of the composition and particle density of the upper atmosphere is of great practical importance, because (a) this is the factor which limits the orbital lifetimes and accuracy of future position predictions for satellites in low Earth orbit; and (b) these are highly variable with solar activity, geographic position, and other variables. Up to now, the most practical means for quantitative measurements of the upper atmospheric composition and density has been by the use of mass spectrometers- an in situ technique which, by its nature, can measure only one point in the atmosphere at any instant of time. Remote sensing techniques based on absorption spectroscopy, as used in space astronomy for studies of gas in the interstellar medium, have the advantage that a much wider range of the atmosphere can be measured from an orbiting satellite. Also, the measurements are more quantitatively accurate than measurements using emission spectroscopy, since nearly all of the atoms and molecules are in their ground (unexcited) states. However, very high spectral resolution is needed for measurements of gases having line or band absorption spectra, such as the principal constituents of the upper atmosphere (O and N-2). Molecular oxygen and ozone, on the other hand, have continuous absorption spectra in the far and middle UV, respectively, and so can be measured with relatively low spectral resolution. We describe the analysis methods of the stellar occultation measurement technique, and present preliminary results of upper atmospheric measurements with Princeton University's Interstellar Medium Absorption Profile Spectrometer (IMAPS), which was flown on two Shuttle AstroSPAS missions. The primary objective of IMAPS was to study the interstellar medium, but it also made observations of some hot stars as they were occulted by Earth's upper atmosphere. These observations provided the first detailed measurements of upper atmospheric O and N-2 by the stellar occultation method. We also present a conceptual design for a follow-on instrument, dedicated to stellar occultation measurements of the upper atmosphere, the Global Upper Atmospheric Neutral Density from Stellar Occultations (GUANDSO) investigation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carruthers, GR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7609, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3304-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3818 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.364146 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN99K UT WOS:000083801800012 ER PT S AU Dymond, KF Budzien, SA Carruthers, GR McCoy, RP AF Dymond, KF Budzien, SA Carruthers, GR McCoy, RP BE Carruthers, GR Dymond, KF TI The High Resolution Airglow and Aurora Spectrograph (HIRAAS) sounding rocket experiment SO ULTRAVIOLET ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE REMOTE SENSING: METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Atmospheric and Space Remote Sensing - Methods and Instrumentation II CY JUL 22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE ultraviolet; spectrograph; airglow; sounding rocket; thermosphere; ionosphere ID ULTRAVIOLET DAYGLOW; SPECTROSCOPY AB The High Resolution Airglow and Aurora Spectrograph (HIRAAS) flew on sounding rockets in 1990, 1992, and 1994. The instrument obtained over 300 exposures (600 spectra) varying in length from 0.3 seconds to 10 seconds during the three flights. The first two flights observed the UV dayglow above the White Sands Missile Range, Las Cruces, NM. The instrument was flown a third time from the Poker Flat Research Range, Fairbanks, AK where it observed a proton aurora. The instrument consisted of a dual Rowland circle spectrograph covering the 500-1000 Angstrom and 970-1800 Angstrom passbands. Each spectrograph had its own entrance slit and 0.5 m radius of curvature concave diffraction grating. Both spectrographs shared a single windowless microchannel plate intensified electrographic camera as their detector. The FUV section of the instrument used a 1750 l/mm holographic grating that was coated with magnesium fluoride over aluminum. The EUV section of the instrument used a 2800 l/mm holographic grating with an iridium coating. Two 50 micron wide, 1 cm long entrance slits were used on the instrument during the first two flights. On the third flight, two coded aperture slit masks were used as the entrance slits to the instruments. These coded aperture masks increased the instrument's sensitivity while maintaining the spectral resolution. We will present an overview of the instrument and discuss its calibration and its performance during the three flights. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dymond, KF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3304-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3818 BP 126 EP 136 DI 10.1117/12.364148 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN99K UT WOS:000083801800014 ER PT S AU Dymond, KF Wolfram, KD Budzien, SA Fortna, CB McCoy, RP AF Dymond, KF Wolfram, KD Budzien, SA Fortna, CB McCoy, RP BE Carruthers, GR Dymond, KF TI The High Resolution Ionospheric and Thermospheric Spectrograph (HITS) on the Advanced Research and Global Observing Satellite (ARGOS): Quick look results SO ULTRAVIOLET ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE REMOTE SENSING: METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Atmospheric and Space Remote Sensing - Methods and Instrumentation II CY JUL 22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE ultraviolet; ARGOS; spectrograph; airglow; thermosphere; ionosphere ID ULTRAVIOLET AB The High-resolution Ionospheric and Thermospheric Spectrograph (HITS) is a very high resolution (>0.5 Angstrom resolution over the 500-1500 Angstrom passband) Rowland circle spectrograph that is currently flying on the USAF Advanced Research and Global Observing Satellite (ARGOS, launched 23 February 1999). The ARGOS is in a sun-synchronous, near-polar orbit at 833 km altitude with an ascending node crossing time of 2:30 PM. The instrument is designed to spectrally resolve the 834 Angstrom triplet to demonstrate a new technique for remotely sensing the electron density in the F-region ionosphere. In addition, the HITS can spectrally resolve the rotational structure of the N-2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (LBH) bands, which can be used to infer the thermospheric temperature. The HITS can resolve the radiative recombination continuum produced by recombining O+ ions and electrons, which can be used to infer the electron temperature. The HITS will also produce a high spectral resolution survey of the 500-1000 Angstrom passband to produce a more accurate identification of some of the previously unresolved features of the dayglow spectrum. The instrument operates as a limb imager with a limb scan occurring every 100 seconds throughout the expected three year mission life. Its field-of-view is 0.06 degrees x 4.6 degrees, which corresponds to 3 km (altitude) x 230 km (along the horizon) at the limb. The instrument's field-of-regard is 17 degrees x 4.6 degrees, which covers the 100-750 km altitude range. We will present an overview of the instrument and discuss its calibration and in-flight performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dymond, KF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7623, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3304-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3818 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1117/12.364149 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN99K UT WOS:000083801800015 ER PT S AU Wolfram, KD Dymond, KF Budzien, SA Fortna, CB McCoy, RP Bucsela, EJ AF Wolfram, KD Dymond, KF Budzien, SA Fortna, CB McCoy, RP Bucsela, EJ BE Carruthers, GR Dymond, KF TI The Ionospheric Spectroscopy and Atmospheric Chemistry (ISAAC) experiment on the Advanced Research and Global Observing Satellite (ARGOS): Quick look results SO ULTRAVIOLET ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE REMOTE SENSING: METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Atmospheric and Space Remote Sensing - Methods and Instrumentation II CY JUL 22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE ARGOS; HIRAAS; ISAAC; spectroscopy; airglow AB The Ionospheric Spectroscopy And Atmospheric Chemistry (ISAAC) Experiment is a high resolution mid-ultraviolet Ebert-Fastie spectrograph that is flying on the USAF Advanced Research and Global Observing Satellite (ARGOS, launched 23 February 1999). The instrument is designed to spectrally resolve the rotational structure of the nitric oxide bands, which will be used to infer the temperature in the lower thermosphere (90-200 km altitude range). The instrument is operated as a limb imager with a limb scan occurring every 100 seconds throughout the expected three year mission life. The ARGOS is in a sun-synchronous, near-polar orbit at 833 km altitude with an ascending node crossing time of 2:30 PM. The ISAAC instrument is composed of a 1/8 m focal length Ebert-Fastie spectrograph with an intensified plasma coupled device (PCD) detector. The instrument uses a 3600 l/mm diffraction grating. The ISAAC covers 400 Angstrom overlapping segments of the 1800-3300 Angstrom passband at better than 4 Angstrom spectral resolution. A stepper motor drive with a 4 position cam assembly is used to tilt the grating and select the instantaneous passband. The spectrograph is fed by a 1/8 m focal length off-axis parabola telescope. Its field-of-view is 0.03 degrees x 1.1 degrees, which corresponds to 1.5 km (vertical) x 55 km (along the horizon) projected to the limb. We will present an overview of the instrument and discuss its calibration and in-flight performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wolfram, KD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3304-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3818 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1117/12.364150 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN99K UT WOS:000083801800016 ER PT S AU Carruthers, GR Seeley, TD AF Carruthers, GR Seeley, TD BE Carruthers, GR Dymond, KF TI The Global Imaging Monitor of the Ionosphere (GIMI) on the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS): quick look results SO ULTRAVIOLET ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE REMOTE SENSING: METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Atmospheric and Space Remote Sensing - Methods and Instrumentation II CY JUL 22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc AB The Global Imaging Monitor of the Ionosphere (GIMI) is one of nine space research and technology instruments aboard the Air Force Space Test Program's Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS). The ARGOS was launched into a sun-synchronous polar orbit by a Delta II launch vehicle from Vandenberg AFB, CA on the morning of 23 February, 1999. At the time of this writing, GIMI had completed preliminary check-outs in orbit, with actual data takes beginning in late May, 1999. The GIMI instrument consists of two far-ultraviolet cameras, using electron-bombarded CCD array detectors, operating in the 75-115 nm wavelength range (Camera 1) and the 131-160 and 131-200 nm wavelength ranges (Camera 2). Both cameras are mounted on a two-axis gimbaled pointing system and simultaneously view the same 9 degrees-square field. The primary atmospheric science objective of GIMI is to measure the major component of the ionosphere, ionized oxygen (O+,) during both the day and night portions of each orbit. This includes variations of the O+ density with altitude, position in the orbit, and time. The latter variation, in particular, is dependent on solar activity as well as geomagnetic field variations. Other objectives include measurements of the neutral atmospheric constituents, N-2, O-2, and NO, by observations of hot stars as they are occulted by the atmosphere (N-2, O-2) and of night airglow emissions of NO, and imaging photometry of the polar auroras. GIMI also has objectives in far-UV astronomy; in particular, to survey large areas of the sky to measure the brightnesses of stars, diffuse nebulae, and diffuse background radiation in the three wavelength ranges. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carruthers, GR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7609, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3304-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3818 BP 160 EP 167 DI 10.1117/12.364151 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN99K UT WOS:000083801800017 ER PT S AU Brock, D Trafton, JG AF Brock, D Trafton, JG BE Kay, J TI Cognitive representation of common ground in user interfaces SO UM99: USER MODELING, PROCEEDINGS SE CISM COURSES AND LECTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International User Modelling Conference CY JUN 20-24, 1999 CL BANFF, CANADA SP AIRES Lab, Univ Saskatchewan, UM Inc AB We argue that Clark's theory of participant representations of common ground in joint activities between people is relevant to the design of human-computer interaction. Features of common ground can be shown to exist in current interaction models suggesting that computers as sophisticated information processors can be legitimately construed as participants in the interactive process. Software, though, is rarely designed to explain itself or to demonstrate a knowledgeable awareness of the user's concerns. We describe an effort to provide a principled basis for this capacity in the form of an embedded cognitive simulation representing an application's task and user related common ground. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brock, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0254-1971 BN 3-211-83151-7 J9 CISM COUR L PY 1999 IS 407 BP 287 EP 289 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BS68T UT WOS:000170861000028 ER PT S AU Fischer, J Lord, SD Unger, SJ Bradford, CM Brauher, JR Clegg, PE Colbert, JW Cox, P Greenhouse, MA Harvey, V Malkan, MA Melnick, G Smith, HA Spinoglio, L Strelnitski, V Suter, JP AF Fischer, J Lord, SD Unger, SJ Bradford, CM Brauher, JR Clegg, PE Colbert, JW Cox, P Greenhouse, MA Harvey, V Malkan, MA Melnick, G Smith, HA Spinoglio, L Strelnitski, V Suter, JP BE Cox, P Kessler, MF TI An LWS spectroscopic survey of infrared-bright galaxies SO UNIVERSE AS SEEN BY ISO, VOLS I AND II SE ESA Special Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Universe as Seen by ISO CY OCT 20-23, 1998 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP European Spacy Agcy, Univ Paris, Inst Astrophysique Spatiale, Ctr Nat Etude Spatiale, Alcatel, Arianespace, IPAC, Despa, Observatoire Meudon, REOSC, SAP CEA Saclay DE infrared-bright galaxies; ultraluminous galaxies; far-infrared spectra; starbursts; photodissociation regions; interstellar medium ID LONG-WAVELENGTH SPECTROMETER; NGC-1068 AB We present a comparative observational overview of the results of a far-infrared (43 - 197 mu m) spectroscopic survey of a small sample of relatively nearby infrared-bright galaxies using the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS). The survey reveals a dramatic progression in emission and absorption line characteristics in these galaxies extending from strong [O III] 52, 88 mu m and [N III] 57 mm fine-structure line emission to detection of only faint [C II] 158 mu m line emission from gas in photodissociation regions. The several ultraluminous galaxies (ULIGs) included in the full spectral sample have the weakest emission line characteristics and show strong molecular absorption lines. We suggest that the variation in apparent excitation is not due to variation in density or far-infrared extinction, but rather may be due to differences in radiation hardness. The molecular absorption spectra show varying excitation as well, extending from galaxies in which the molecular population mainly occupies the ground state to galaxies in which there is significant population in higher levels. The origin of the [C II] 158 mu m deficit in ultraluminous galaxies remains uncertain. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jfischer@irfp8.nrl.navy.mil; lord@ipac.Caltech.edu; s.j.unger@qmw.ac.uk; bradford@astrosun.tn.cornell.edu; p.e.clegg@qmw.ac.uk; cox@ias.fr; harvey@stars.gsfc.nasa.gov; hsmith1@hq.nasa.gov; luigi@lupus.ifsi.rm.cnr.it NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-708-9 J9 ESA SPEC PUBL PY 1999 VL 427 BP 817 EP 820 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BN74P UT WOS:000082780900169 ER PT S AU Uhlmann, J Julier, S Kamgar-Parsi, B Lanzagorta, M Shyu, HJ AF Uhlmann, J Julier, S Kamgar-Parsi, B Lanzagorta, M Shyu, HJ BE Gerhart, GR Gunderson, RW Shoemaker, CM TI The NASA Mars rover: A testbed for evaluating applications of covariance intersection SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has spearheaded the development and application of Covariance Intersection (CI) for a variety of decentralized data fusion problems. Such problems include distributed control, onboard sensor fusion, and dynamic map building and localization. In this paper we describe NRL's development of a CI-based navigation system for the NASA Mars rover that stresses almost all aspects of decentralized data fusion. We also describe how this project relates to NRL's augmented reality, advanced visualization, and REBOT projects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Uhlmann, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3167-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3693 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1117/12.354442 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Civil SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BN68S UT WOS:000082586400014 ER PT S AU Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B AF Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B BE Gerhart, GR Gunderson, RW Shoemaker, CM TI Vehicle localization on gravity maps SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE gravity maps; localization; map-based navigation; terrain matching; underwater navigation ID QUATERNIONS AB Efforts are underway to develop the capability for small unmanned underwater vehicles to use the Earth's gravitational field for autonomous navigation. A main aspect of navigation is vehicle localization on an existing gravity map. We have developed machine vision-like algorithms that match the onboard gravimeter measurements to the map values. In gravity maps there are typically a dearth of distinctive topographic features such as peaks, ridges, ravines, etc. Moreover, because the gravity field can only be measured in-place, probing for such features is infeasible as it would require extensive surveys. These factors, make the commonly used feature matching approach impractical. The localization algorithms we have developed are based on matching with contours of constant field value. These algorithms are tested on simulated data with encouraging results. Although these algorithms are developed for underwater navigation using gravity maps, they are equally applicable to other domains, for example vehicle localization on an existing terrain map. C1 USN, Res Lab, Adv Informat Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kamgar-Parsi, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv Informat Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM behzad@ait.nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3167-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3693 BP 182 EP 191 DI 10.1117/12.354447 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Civil SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BN68S UT WOS:000082586400018 ER PT S AU Lanzagorta, M Uhlmann, J Julier, S Kuo, E AF Lanzagorta, M Uhlmann, J Julier, S Kuo, E BE Gerhart, GR Gunderson, RW Shoemaker, CM TI REmote Battlefield Observer Technology (REBOT) SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Battlefield situation awareness is the most fundamental prerequisite for effective command and control. Information about the state of the battlefield must be both timely and accurate. Imagery data is of particular importance because it can be directly used to monitor the deployment of enemy forces in a given area of interest, the traversability of the terrain in that area, as well as many other variables that are critical for tactical and force level planning. In this paper we describe prototype REmote Battlefield Observer Technology (REBOT) that can be deployed at specified locations and subsequently tasked to transmit high resolution panoramic imagery of its surrounding area. Although first generation REBOTs will be stationary platforms, the next generation will be autonomous ground vehicles capable of transporting themselves to specificed locations. We argue that REBOT fills a critical gap in present situation awareness technologies. We expect to provide results of REBOT tests to be conducted at the 1999 Marines Advanced Warfighting Demonstration. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lanzagorta, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5580, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3167-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3693 BP 254 EP 263 DI 10.1117/12.354455 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Civil SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BN68S UT WOS:000082586400025 ER PT S AU Perutz, MF AF Perutz, MF BE Bearn, AG TI The molecular biology of Huntington's disease or in science curiosity pays - At least sometimes SO USEFUL KNOWLEDGE: THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY MILLENNIUM PROGRAM SE MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Millennium Meeting of the American-Philosophical-Society CY APR 21-22, 1999 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Amer Philosoph Soc ID INHERITED NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; GLUTAMINE REPEATS; POLAR ZIPPERS; INCLUSIONS C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHILOSOPHICAL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE, PO BOX 40227-5227, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0065-9738 BN 0-87169-234-1 J9 MEM A PHILO PY 1999 VL 234 BP 59 EP 68 PG 10 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics; History & Philosophy of Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BP30P UT WOS:000084629400005 ER PT J AU Fryauff, DJ Mouzin, E Church, LWP Ratiwayanto, S Hadiputranto, H Sutamihardja, MA Widjaja, H Corradin, G Subianto, B Hoffman, SL AF Fryauff, DJ Mouzin, E Church, LWP Ratiwayanto, S Hadiputranto, H Sutamihardja, MA Widjaja, H Corradin, G Subianto, B Hoffman, SL TI Lymphocyte response to tetanus toxin T-cell epitopes: effects of tetanus vaccination and concurrent malaria prophylaxis SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE lymphocyte; response; tetanus; toxin; T-cell; epitopes ID SPOROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-2; MULTIPLE ANTIGEN CONSTRUCT; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; PRIMAQUINE PROPHYLAXIS; HELPER EPITOPE; ANTIBODIES; INDUCTION; PEPTIDE; IMMUNIZATION AB Synthesized T-cell epitopes of tetanus toxin are universally immunogenic and serve to enhance immune response when they are used as vaccine carriers of B-cell epitopes. The immunogenicity of the P2, P30, and P2P30 T-cell epitopes of tetanus toxin and whole tetanus toroid (TT) was evaluated by in vitro proliferation assay of lymphocytes from men with no history of tetanus vaccination who were enrolled in a malaria prophylaxis trial. The enhancement of immune response by tetanus vaccination (Td) and possible antagonism by the antimalarial drugs, was measured by pre- and post-Td comparisons within and between immunized prophylaxis groups (primaquine, chloroquine, placebo) and a nonimmunized control group. Constructs demonstrated low immunogenicity relative to TT in all groups. Relative to both control and its own baseline, the immunized primaquine prophylaxis group was distinct in demonstrating significantly increased proliferation against all three subunits and at both high (30 mu g ml(-1)) and low (3 mu g ml(-1)) concentrations. Immunization elicited significantly increased proliferation responses by placebo and chloroquine prophylaxis groups against only the P2P30 construct. Despite these significant post-Td changes, a low concentration of TT (0.1 mu g ml(-1)) stimulated proliferation 7-10 times over that induced by the greatest concentration of the constructs. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Lausanne, Inst Biochim, Lausanne, Switzerland. Prov Hlth Serv, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. RP Fryauff, DJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN PY 1999 VL 17 IS 1 BP 59 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00144-3 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 129RG UT WOS:000076476300008 PM 10078608 ER PT S AU Lanzagorta, M Rosenberg, R Khokhlov, A Chtchelkanova, A Kuo, E AF Lanzagorta, M Rosenberg, R Khokhlov, A Chtchelkanova, A Kuo, E BE Erbacher, RF Chen, PC Wittenbrink, CM TI VR visualization of large fluid flow data sets SO VISUAL DATA EXPLORATION AND ANLYSIS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Data Exploration and Analysis VI CY JAN 27-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol AB In this paper we describe the effects being carried out by the Laboratory of Computational Physics, the Scientific Visualization Laboratory and the Virtual Reality Laboratory of the Naval Research Laboratory towards visualization of large data sets. We have concentrated on fluid flow hydrodynamics data sets. We describe the fully threaded tree structure developed at NRL to tackle the problem of massive parallel calculations using local mesh refinement methods. This structure was implemented with the IBM Data Explorer environment, allowing a multiresolution visualization system that inherits the properties of the tree structure in a natural way. We also describe the visualization of these data sets in a virtual environment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Sci Visualizat Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lanzagorta, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Sci Visualizat Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3114-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3643 BP 50 EP 61 DI 10.1117/12.342847 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BM86U UT WOS:000079967800006 ER PT S AU Creusere, CD AF Creusere, CD BE Unser, MA Aldroubi, A Laine, AF TI Improved successive refinement for wavelet-based embedded image compression SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS IN SIGNAL AND IMAGE PROCESSING VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wavelet Applications in Signal and Image Processing VII CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Soc Ind & Appl Math DE image compression; embedded coding; EZW; SPIHT; wavelet; successive refinement AB In this paper we consider a new form of successive coefficient refinement which can be used in conjunction with embedded compression algorithms like Shapiro's EZW (Embedded Zerotree Wavelet) and Said & Pearlman's SPIHT (Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees). Using the conventional refinement process, the approximation of a coefficient that was earlier determined to be significant is refined by transmitting one of two symbols- an 'up' symbol if the actual coefficient value is in the top half of the current uncertainty interval or a 'down' symbol if it is in the bottom half. In the modified scheme developed here, we transmit one of 3 symbols instead- 'up','down', or 'exact'. The new 'exact' symbol tells the decoder that its current approximation of a wavelet coefficient is 'exact' to the level of precision desired. By applying this scheme in earlier work to lossless embedded compression (also called lossy/lossless compression), we achieved significant reductions in encoder and decoder execution times with no adverse impact on compression efficiency. These excellent results for lossless systems have inspired us to adapt this refinement approach to lossy embedded compression. Unfortunately, the results we have achieved thus far for lossy compression are not as good. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Creusere, CD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3299-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3813 BP 941 EP 948 DI 10.1117/12.366767 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Optics GA BP12F UT WOS:000084180600084 ER PT S AU Gaunaurd, GC Strifors, HC AF Gaunaurd, GC Strifors, HC BE Szu, HH TI Applications of time-frequency signature analysis to target-identification SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wavelet Applications VI CY APR 06-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE scattering of waves; time-frequency distributions; target signatures; target identification ID SCATTERING; DOMAIN; PULSE; REPRESENTATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; ECHOES AB The overlapping subjects of target identification, inverse scattering and active classification have many applications that differ depending on specific sensors. Many useful techniques for these relevant subjects have been developed in the frequency and the time domains. A more recent approach views the target signatures in the combined or coupled time-frequency domain. For either ultra-wideband (UWB) projectors, or UWB processing these joint time-frequency techniques are particularly advantageous. Such analysis requires the use of some of the scores of non-linear distributions that have been proposed and studied over the years. Basic ones, such as the Wigner distribution and its many relatives, have been shown to belong to the well-studied "Cohen Class." We will select half-a-dozen of these distributions to study applications that we have addressed and solved in several areas such as: (a) active sonar, (b) underwater mine classification using pulses from explosive sources, (c) identification of submerged shells having different fillers using dolphin bio-sonar "clicks," and (d) broadband radar pulses to identify aircraft,, other targets covered with dielectric absorbing layers, and also (land) mine-like objects buried underground, using a ground penetrating radar. These examples illustrate how the informative identifying features required for accurate target identification are extracted and displayed in this general time-frequency domain. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Gaunaurd, GC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 684, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3197-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3723 BP 78 EP 90 DI 10.1117/12.342960 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BM94B UT WOS:000080194100008 ER PT S AU Szu, HH Le Moigne, J Netanyahu, NS Hsu, CC AF Szu, HH Le Moigne, J Netanyahu, NS Hsu, CC BE Szu, HH TI Landsat PNN classifier using PCA of wavelet texture-edge feature SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wavelet Applications VI CY APR 06-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE ICA; PCA; wavelets; artificial neural networks; classification; texture analysis; remote sensing imagery AB Macrostructure/Wavelet-texture-label per pixel: In this paper, we concentrate on neural network classifiers on sub;regions of the image and we show how texture information obtained with a wavelet transform can be integrated to improve such a single label classifier. We apply a local spatial frequency analysis, a wavelet transform, to account for statistical texture information in Landsat/TM imagery. Statistical texture is extracted with a continuous edge-texture composite wavelet transform. We show how this approach relates to texture information computed fi om a co-occurrence matrix. The network is then trained with both the texture information and the additional pixel labels provided by the ground truth data. Theory and regional results are described in this paper. Microstructure/ICA-percentage of each pixel: Based on the experience of the deforestation surveillance (cf. this Proceedings Vol 3723, plenary paper on Progresses of Unsupervised Neural Networks, Part II Real World Applications), we need to know at all the forest boundary pixels the percentage of tree content of each pixel, i.e. multiple labels with percentages. Thus, in this paper, we generalize the single label classifier to multiple labels. ICA-ANN discovers not only the not yet cool down sensor noise of TM-1 to TM-4 flying over Maryland Charles County near Washington DC, and the realistic farm sub-structure, kibbutz, in the desert settlement of of Israel. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Szu, HH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, B10, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3197-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3723 BP 141 EP 153 DI 10.1117/12.342922 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BM94B UT WOS:000080194100014 ER PT S AU Szu, HH AF Szu, HH BE Szu, HH TI Review of Wigner distribution and Woodward ambiguity function as second order time frequency joint representation SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wavelet Applications VI CY APR 06-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers ID WAVELET TRANSFORMS; NEURAL NETWORKS; MATCHED-FILTERS; CLASSIFICATION; DISCRETE; RECOGNITION AB Wavelet transform (WT) has efficiently generalized the Fourier transform (FT) for the local compact support of any non-periodic and square-integrable signal in the inner product Hilbert space. Thus, similar to the FT, the WT is linear first order transform, except the WT has two dimensional domain in both the Time (shift b) and Frequency (1/scale a) Joint Representation (TFJR), while the FT has either the time or the frequency domain. Wideband transient (WT) signals should use the WT analyses rather than the FT designed originally for narrow band periodic signals. Historically, there are other two dimensional representation for two particles joint density function (useful two signal correlation at time points t(1) and t(2)), which can be partially Fourierly transformed to become a second order (quadratic) TFJR's. The pros and cons of all these inner product representations are discussed. While active Radar ID by the correlation product prefers the AF, the passive surveillance by convolution product uses the WD. Signal representation and feature extraction of multiple signals' wideband transients employ the WT. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Szu, HH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3197-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3723 BP 460 EP 463 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BM94B UT WOS:000080194100045 ER PT S AU Binari, SC Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Kruppa, W Dietrich, HB Kelner, G Henry, RL Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE AF Binari, SC Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Kruppa, W Dietrich, HB Kelner, G Henry, RL Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE BE Binari, SC Burk, AA Melloch, MR Nguyen, C TI Correlation of drain current pulsed response with microwave power output in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs SO WIDE-BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS FOR HIGH-POWER, HIGH-FREQUENCY AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS-1999 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors for High-Power, High-Frequency and High-Temperature Applications-1999 at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-08, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Air Force Res Labs, DARPA, ODDR&E(R), Army Res Off ID GAN AB The drain-current response to short (<1ms) gate pulses has been measured for a series of GaN HEMT wafers that have similar de and small-signal characteristics. This response has been found to correlate well with the measured microwave power output. For example, for devices where the pulsed drain current is greater than 70% of the de value, output power densities of up to 2.3 W/mm are attained. This is in contrast with 0.5 W/mm measured for devices with low pulse response (less than 20% of the dc value). These results, which can be explained by the presence of traps in the device structure, provide a convenient test which is predictive of power performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Binari, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-479-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 572 BP 541 EP 545 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BN81E UT WOS:000083014400085 ER PT S AU Klein, PB Freitas, JA Binari, SC AF Klein, PB Freitas, JA Binari, SC BE Binari, SC Burk, AA Melloch, MR Nguyen, C TI Photoionization spectra of traps responsible for current collapse in GaN MESFETs SO WIDE-BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS FOR HIGH-POWER, HIGH-FREQUENCY AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS-1999 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors for High-Power, High-Frequency and High-Temperature Applications-1999 at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-08, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Air Force Res Labs, DARPA, ODDR&E(R), Army Res Off ID PERSISTENT PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; ORIGIN AB Current collapse in GaN MESFETS is believed to result from the trapping of carriers in the high resistivity GaN layer, and can be reversed by the application of light. Light photoionizes (or photoneutralizes) the carriers, releasing them from the traps and restoring all or part of the original I-V characteristics of the device. In these investigations we have taken advantage of this effect to characterize the traps responsible for current collapse in an n-channel GaN MESFET. At fixed source-drain voltage, the incremental light-induced drain current, above that measured in the dark, and normalized per incident photon, is measured as a function of wavelength. The resulting photoionization spectrum reflects two absorption thresholds corresponding to two distinct electron traps. Because of the nature of the measurement, these traps can be identified as those responsible for current collapse in the device. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Klein, PB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-479-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 572 BP 547 EP 552 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BN81E UT WOS:000083014400086 ER PT S AU Harris, DC AF Harris, DC BE Tustison, RW TI Overview of progress in strengthening sapphire at elevated temperature SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials CY APR 05-06, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sapphire; mechanical strength; strength; twinning; doping; annealing; ion implantation; emittance; Grafoil ID GROWTH AB Loss of mechanical strength at high temperature Limits the thermal shock resistance of sapphire infrared windows and domes. The critical weakness is loss of compressive strength along the c-axis of the crystal. Compression causes twinning in the crystal. When twins intersect, a fracture forms at the intersection. The fracture initiates mechanical failure if sufficient tensile stress is present. Twinning is a property of the perfect crystal. Strategies for increasing the high-temperature compressive strength of sapphire are based on introducing crystal defects to inhibit twinning. Doping with Mg2+ or Ti4+ can double the compressive strength at 600 degrees C. Ion implantation increases the tensile strength by a factor of 2 at 300 degrees C. Placing a thin sheet of graphite (called Grafoil(R)) between sapphire and the test fixture in mechanical tests apparently reduces contact compressive stresses and increases the apparent strength of sapphire in many kinds of mechanical tests at 600 degrees C. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Code 4T42A0D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3179-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3705 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.354609 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BN69W UT WOS:000082635600001 ER PT S AU Harris, DC Johnson, LF AF Harris, DC Johnson, LF BE Tustison, RW TI Navy mechanical test results from the sapphire statistical characterization and risk reduction program SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials CY APR 05-06, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sapphire; mechanical strength; strength; polishing; annealing; coating; dome; window; infrared material ID TEMPERATURE; STRENGTH AB The 4-point flexure strength of sapphire in two different crystal orientations was measured between 227 and 600 degrees C. Two types of coupons were fabricated in a manner intended to mimic the way a hemispheric dome would be made. Bar 1 fails in tension at low temperature and from c-axis compression at elevated temperature. Bar 2 fails in tension at all temperatures. As-polished Bar 1 and Bar 2 in the present work are only about half as strong as comparable bars from previous work. Annealing increased the strength of Bar 2 by 50% at all temperatures and Bar 1 by 25% at low temperature. Annealing did not strengthen Bar 1 at 600 degrees C, at which temperature it fails in compression. A compressive coating had little effect on the strength of annealed bars. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Code 4T420AD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3179-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3705 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1117/12.354640 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BN69W UT WOS:000082635600006 ER PT S AU Johnson, LF Moran, MB AF Johnson, LF Moran, MB BE Tustison, RW TI Compressive coatings for strengthened sapphire SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials CY APR 05-06, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sapphire; flexure strength; compressive coatings; antireflection coatings AB Micron-size cracks and voids produced during grinding and polishing may be responsible for sapphire's loss of flexure strength at elevated temperatures. The ability to fill these micron-size voids and cracks with a compressive coating may remove the crack-initiating defects that lead to loss of strength. It is well known that compression of c-axis sapphire can cause twinning on rhombohedral crystal planes, especially at elevated temperatures(1.) If twins on two different planes intersect, a crack will form and the sapphire will fail in tension. In ring-on-ring biaxial flexure tests, microtwins could form where the load rings contact the c-axis sapphire. A coating should mitigate the very high compressive stress produced at the surface of the sapphire by the load rings. Results presented here for ring-on-ring biaxial flexure tests show that compressive coatings increase the fracture strength of c-axis sapphire by a factor of about 1.95 at 600 degrees C. Additional results show that the coatings do not significantly strengthen sapphire at ambient temperature. This is not surprising since sapphire already is very strong in compression and tension at ambient temperature. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Johnson, LF (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Code 4T4110D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3179-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3705 BP 130 EP 141 DI 10.1117/12.354616 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BN69W UT WOS:000082635600016 ER PT B AU Hummel, CA AF Hummel, CA BE Unwin, S Stachnik, R TI Imaging and modeling of binaries with NPOI SO WORKING ON THE FRINGE: OPTICAL AND IR INTERFEROMETRY FROM GROUND AND SPACE SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Working on the Fringe - Optical and IR Interferometry from Ground and Space CY MAY 24-27, 1999 CL DANA POINT, CA ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER AB This paper focuses first on ground based observations with long baseline optical interferometers of a class of binaries featuring double-lined or variable spectra. Following a short perspective on implications of this technique, it-e present imaging and modeling results of two double stars (zeta Orionis A and o Leonis) observed with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI). Brief introductions are given on both topics, as well as an outline of current plans. Secondly, we simulate future imaging observations of stellar disks with NPOI, and elaborate on related issues of array design and wavelength coverage. We point out differences between optical interferometry and the well established technique of radio interferometry on very long baselines. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Hummel, CA (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-020-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 194 BP 44 EP 50 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BP85M UT WOS:000086435300007 ER PT B AU Horner, SD Germain, ME Greene, TP Harris, FH Johnson, MS Johnston, KJ Monet, DG Murison, MA Phillips, JD Reasenberg, RD Seidelmann, PK Urban, SE Vassar, RH AF Horner, SD Germain, ME Greene, TP Harris, FH Johnson, MS Johnston, KJ Monet, DG Murison, MA Phillips, JD Reasenberg, RD Seidelmann, PK Urban, SE Vassar, RH BE Unwin, S Stachnik, R TI The full-sky astrometric mapping explorer - Astrometry for the new millennium SO WORKING ON THE FRINGE: OPTICAL AND IR INTERFEROMETRY FROM GROUND AND SPACE SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Working on the Fringe - Optical and IR Interferometry from Ground and Space CY MAY 24-27, 1999 CL DANA POINT, CA AB FAME is designed to perform an all-sky, astrometric survey with unprecedented accuracy. It will create a rigid astrometric catalog of 4 x 10(7) stars with 5 < m(V) < 15. For bright stars, 5 < m(V) < 9, FAME will determine positions and parallaxes accurate to < 50 mu as, with proper motion errors < 50 mu as/year. For fainter stars, 9 < m(V) < 15, FAME will determine positions and parallaxes accurate to < 500 mu as, with proper motion errors < 500 mu as/year. It will also collect photometric data on these 4 x 10(7) stars in four Sloan DSS colors. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Horner, SD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-020-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 194 BP 114 EP 120 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BP85M UT WOS:000086435300019 ER PT B AU Gaume, RA Fey, AL Boboltz, DA Johnston, KJ AF Gaume, RA Fey, AL Boboltz, DA Johnston, KJ BE Unwin, S Stachnik, R TI Placing the SIM all-sky astrometric grid onto the ICRS SO WORKING ON THE FRINGE: OPTICAL AND IR INTERFEROMETRY FROM GROUND AND SPACE SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Working on the Fringe - Optical and IR Interferometry from Ground and Space CY MAY 24-27, 1999 CL DANA POINT, CA ID REFERENCE-FRAME AB SIM anticipates using an all-sky stellar grid for astrometric, instrumental calibration, and to perform wide-angle astrometry A small number of quasars will be included in the SIM astrometric grid star observational program to provide both an anchor for the astrometric grid as well as to tie the grid to the international Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF). We report preliminary results of a study of the astrometric properties of the radio sources comprising the ICRF with a focus on suitability for use in the SIM astrometric grid. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Gaume, RA (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-020-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 194 BP 134 EP 141 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BP85M UT WOS:000086435300022 ER PT B AU Germain, ME Nordgren, TE Armstrong, JT AF Germain, ME Nordgren, TE Armstrong, JT BE Unwin, S Stachnik, R TI Stellar diameters measured at NPOI SO WORKING ON THE FRINGE: OPTICAL AND IR INTERFEROMETRY FROM GROUND AND SPACE SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Working on the Fringe - Optical and IR Interferometry from Ground and Space CY MAY 24-27, 1999 CL DANA POINT, CA ID STARS; CATALOG AB Uniform-disk (UD) angular diameters of fifty giant and supergiant stars hav been measured using the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI). The UD diameters were converted to limb-darkened (LD) diameters using limb-darkening coefficients for plane-parallel stellar atmosphere models. The reduction methods and sources of error are discussed. The probability that the diameter variations of delta Cephei are reflected in the data is evaluated. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Germain, ME (reprint author), USN Observ, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-020-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 194 BP 208 EP 213 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BP85M UT WOS:000086435300033 ER PT S AU Idzerda, YU Freeland, JW AF Idzerda, YU Freeland, JW BE Khounsary, AM Freund, AK Ishikawa, T Srajer, G Lang, J TI Quantitative magnetic domain correlation by x-ray resonant magnetic scattering SO X-RAY OPTICS DESIGN, PERFORMANCE, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Optics, Design, Performance, and Applications CY JUL 20-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE magnetic circular dichroism; magnetoresistance; magnetic domains; x-ray resonant magnetic scattering ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; FILMS; MULTILAYERS; CO; FE AB By using X-ray resonant magnetic scattering, the correlation of magnetic domains taken vertically in a Co/Cr/Co magnetic trilayer can be statistically quantified as a function of applied magnetic field. From these scans and from element specific magnetic hysteresis loops, we can identify the presence of both interlayer anti-ferromagnetic exchange coupling and ferromagnetic dipolar coupling within the trilayer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Idzerda, YU (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3259-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3773 BP 236 EP 247 DI 10.1117/12.370096 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BP12K UT WOS:000084197600026 ER PT S AU Seely, JF Goray, LI AF Seely, JF Goray, LI BE Hoover, RB Walker, ABC TI Normal incidence multilayer gratings for the extreme ultraviolet region: Experimental measurements and computational modeling SO X-RAY OPTICS, INSTRUMENTS, AND MISSIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Optics, Instruments, and Mission II CY JUL 18-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE diffraction grating; multilayer coating; extreme ultraviolet; soft x-ray ID X-RAY; DIFFRACTION AB The normal incidence efficiencies of a 2400 groove/mm master grating and a replica grating were measured using synchrotron radiation in the extreme ultraviolet region. As a result of the replication process, the replica grating had an aluminum surface with an oxide layer. An additional thin SiO2 coating was applied to the oxidized aluminum surface for the purpose of reducing the microroughness. The efficiency of the replica grating as a function of wavelength had an oscillatory behavior that resulted from a thin-film interference effect associated with the SiO2 coating. The measured efficiencies were compared to the efficiencies calculated by a computer program that is based on the modified integral approach. The calculation accounts for the groove profile as determined from atomic force microscopy (AFM), the optical properties of the grating surface and the three layers (Al, Al2O3, and SiO2,)and the polarization of the incident radiation. The measured and calculated efficiencies are in good overall agreement. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7674, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Goray, Leonid/D-4426-2013 OI Goray, Leonid/0000-0002-0381-9607 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3252-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3766 BP 364 EP 370 DI 10.1117/12.363650 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BN95G UT WOS:000083637600031 ER PT J AU Gaston, B Fry, E Sears, S Heroman, WM Ignarro, L Stamler, JS AF Gaston, B Fry, E Sears, S Heroman, WM Ignarro, L Stamler, JS TI Umbilical arterial S-nitrosothiols in stressed newborns: Role in perinatal circulatory transition SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; L-ARGININE; NITROSOHEMOGLOBIN; VASODILATATION AB S-Nitrosothiols are potent endogenous vasodilators recently found to be in greater concentrations in fetal umbilical venous than arterial blood. We hypothesized that neonatal increases in SNOs may be involved in the normal human perinatal circulatory transition. Paired human umbilical artery and vein plasma samples were collected after birth. S-Nitrosothiol concentrations were measured as NO after photolysis-and NO3- after reduction in vanadium chloride-by chemiluminescence. Normal umbilical arterial serum SNO levels were nearly twice those of matched venous samples but were low in infants who did not transition normally to neonatal circulation. There was no difference in the concentration of NO3- between the normal and depressed infants. The parallel failure of some fetuses to switch both to a normal arteriovenous SNO relationship and a normal clinical post-partum state suggests that SNOs may be involved in the perinatal circulatory transition. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Gaston, B (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Box 386, Charlottesville, VA 22906 USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD DEC 30 PY 1998 VL 253 IS 3 BP 899 EP 901 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9865 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 153RR UT WOS:000077846900063 PM 9918827 ER PT J AU Choi, LS Kim, OK AF Choi, LS Kim, OK TI Unusual thermochromic behavior of photoreactive dyes confined in helical amylose as inclusion complex SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCHEMICAL-REACTIONS; ORGANIZED ASSEMBLIES C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, OK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 29 PY 1998 VL 31 IS 26 BP 9406 EP 9408 DI 10.1021/ma981151d PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 153XU UT WOS:000077859300044 ER PT J AU Knauss, LA Harshavardhan, KS Christen, HM Zhang, HY He, XH Shih, YH Grabowski, KS Knies, DL AF Knauss, LA Harshavardhan, KS Christen, HM Zhang, HY He, XH Shih, YH Grabowski, KS Knies, DL TI Growth of nonlinear optical thin films of KTa1-xNbxO3 on GaAs by pulsed laser deposition for integrated optics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report successful deposition of epitaxial nonlinear KTa0.52Nb0.48O3 (KTN) films on (100) GaAs substrates. A buffer layer scheme consisting of epitaxial MgO and SrTiO3 buffer layers and a Si3Ni4 encapsulation of the substrate was developed to alleviate chemical and structural incompatibilities between the GaAs substrate and KTN film at the growth temperature (similar to 750 degrees C). The structure, composition, and preliminary optical properties of the KTN films were evaluated by four-circle x-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and prism coupled optical waveguide mode measurements, respectively. We observed sharp and distinguishable transverse electric and transverse magnetic propagating modes in the KTN films, and measured the refractive index (n(0)) of the film at 488 nm to be 2.275 which is close to the bulk value of 2.35, all of which indicates a high structural and optical film quality. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)00452-5]. C1 Neocera Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Knauss, LA (reprint author), Neocera Inc, 10000 Virginia Manor Rd,Suite 300, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 9 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 26 BP 3806 EP 3808 DI 10.1063/1.122900 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 152RX UT WOS:000077791500002 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Felix, CL Aifer, EH Vurgaftman, I Olafsen, LJ Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU Connolly, JC Sugg, AR Olsen, GH Yang, MJ Bennett, BR Shanabrook, BV AF Bewley, WW Felix, CL Aifer, EH Vurgaftman, I Olafsen, LJ Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU Connolly, JC Sugg, AR Olsen, GH Yang, MJ Bennett, BR Shanabrook, BV TI Above-room-temperature optically pumped midinfrared W lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report temperature-dependent pulsed lasing performance, internal losses, and Auger coefficients for optically pumped type-II W lasers with wavelengths in the range of 3.08-4.03 mu m at room temperature. All lased to at least 360 K, and produced 1.5-5 W peak power at 300 K. Internal losses at 100 K were as low as 10 cm(-1), but increased to 90-360 cm(-1) at 300 K. Room temperature Auger coefficients varied from 5 X 10(-28) cm(6)/s at the shortest wavelength to 3 X 10(-27) cm(6)/s at the longest. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)04652-X]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sarnoff Corp, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Sensors Unlimited Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM felix@v6550c.nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Olafsen, Linda/G-4996-2013 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; NR 9 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 26 BP 3833 EP 3835 DI 10.1063/1.122909 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 152RX UT WOS:000077791500011 ER PT J AU Gao, BC Kaufman, YJ Han, W Wiscombe, WJ AF Gao, BC Kaufman, YJ Han, W Wiscombe, WJ TI Correction of thin cirrus path radiances in the 0.4-1.0 mu m spectral region using the sensitive 1.375 mu m cirrus detecting channel SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; CLOUD; MODIS; SCATTERING; AEROSOL AB We have developed an empirical algorithm for removing thin cirrus effects from AVIRIS (airborne visible infrared imaging spectrometer) images at any wavelength in the region 0.4-1 mu m using narrow channels near 1.38, 1.24, and 0.66 mu m. In this algorithm the imaging pair of 1.38 and 1.24 mu m channels is used for cirrus removal over water surfaces, while the imaging pair of 1.38 and 0.66 mu m channels is used over land surfaces. The AVIRIS data on which the algorithm is based were measured from an ER-2 aircraft at 20 km altitude during several field programs over both land and ocean, From these data we earlier discovered that narrow channels near the center of the strong 1.38-mu m water vapor bands are very sensitive in detecting thin cirrus clouds. The present paper is a logical continuation of that work. Our new algorithm has considerable generality. As a first application, it can be incorporated as a front end to the first-generation moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) (on EOS AM and PM platforms) atmospheric correction algorithms for ocean color and land applications in order to yield improved atmospheric aerosol, land surface, and ocean color products. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gao@neptune.nrl.navy.mil RI Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012 OI Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849 NR 15 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D24 BP 32169 EP 32176 DI 10.1029/98JD02006 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155VL UT WOS:000077967000051 ER PT J AU Wald, AE Kaufman, YJ Tanre, D Gao, BC AF Wald, AE Kaufman, YJ Tanre, D Gao, BC TI Daytime and nighttime detection of mineral dust over desert using infrared spectral contrast SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SAHARAN-DUST; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; AEROSOLS; RETRIEVAL; AFRICA; IMPACT; OCEAN AB Desert dust has a potentially strong effect on climate and climate forcing as evident from satellite data, yet its detection close to its sources over deserts and semidesert regions is difficult. The lifted dust often has the same mineral composition as the surface sand left behind. The main consistent difference between airborne dust and surface sand is particle size. This difference is used here to develop a remote sensing technique for the detection of dust over desert. The technique uses two infrared channels that will be on the Earth Observing System (EOS) moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS). It is based on measurements and modeling of the thermal infrared spectrum of silicate and carbonate minerals that show strong differences between the thermal properties of the smaller dust particles (diameter of 2-5 mu m) and the larger sand particles (diameter > 70 mu m). In particular, the emissivity of quartz increases with the particle size at 11 mu m and decreases at 8.6 mu m. This different behavior allows use of these two MODIS channels to distinguish between variations of the dust temperature and surface temperature from the variation in the loading of the smaller dust particles in the atmosphere. We report simulations of the technique for day and night remote sensing and apply it to high resolution infrared sounder (HIRS) data which is validated against ground-based measurements by Sun photometers. The technique is found to be sensitive to the dust loading over sand surfaces and not very sensitive to the dust height. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Sci & Tech Lille Flandres Artois, Lab Opt Atmospher, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 913, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM wald@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov; kaufman@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov; Didier.Tanre@univ-lille1.fr; gao@neptune.nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D24 BP 32307 EP 32313 DI 10.1029/98JD01454 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155VL UT WOS:000077967000059 ER PT J AU Knickelbein, MB Koretsky, GM Jackson, KA Pederson, MR Hajnal, Z AF Knickelbein, MB Koretsky, GM Jackson, KA Pederson, MR Hajnal, Z TI Hydrogenated and deuterated iron clusters: Infrared spectra and density functional calculations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS; GAS VANDERWAALS COMPLEXES; NICKEL CLUSTERS; IONIZATION-POTENTIALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SURFACE-REACTIONS; CHEMICAL PROBES; FE-N; CHEMISORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY AB Iron clusters react sequentially with hydrogen molecules to form multiply hydrogenated products. The increases in cluster ionization potential upon reaction verify that hydrogen chemisorbs dissociatively to form iron cluster-hydride complexes, FenHm. At low source temperatures, the cluster-hydride complexes take up additional hydrogen molecules which are shown to be physisorbed onto the underlying FenHm complexes to form FenHm(H-2)(p) species. The infrared spectra of FenHm and FenDm (n=9-20) were obtained by the photodissociation action spectroscopic method in which depletion of the FenHm(H-2)(p) and FenDm(D-2)(p) species was the signature of absorption. The spectra, recorded in the 885-1090 cm(-1) region, consist of several overlapping bands, each approximately 20 cm(-1) in width. The dissimilarity of each FenHm(H-2)(p) spectrum with the corresponding FenDm(D-2)(p) spectrum indicates that the carrier involves hydrogen and is not merely due to absorption by the underlying iron cluster. Density functional calculations were performed on model complexes, Fe13H14 and Fe13D14, the iron portion of which was assumed to have T-h symmetry. The infrared-active vibrational frequencies involving hydrogen bending and deuterium stretching are predicted to lie within the experimental frequency range of the experiment, well removed from the skeletal modes of the underlying iron cluster. The complexity of the observed spectra as compared to simulations based on the assumed thigh-symmetry) model imply that the experimentally produced complexes possess low symmetry. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(98)01148-9]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ GH Paderborn, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany. RP Knickelbein, MB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI HAJNAL, Zoltan/B-6385-2008; OI HAJNAL, Zoltan/0000-0003-1758-4754; Jackson, Koblar/0000-0002-5342-7978 NR 45 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 22 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 24 BP 10692 EP 10700 DI 10.1063/1.477767 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 148QB UT WOS:000077542400017 ER PT J AU Kang, JU Khurgin, JB Yang, CC Lin, HH Stegeman, GI AF Kang, JU Khurgin, JB Yang, CC Lin, HH Stegeman, GI TI Two-photon transitions between bound-to-continuuan states in AlGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HALF-BAND-GAP; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; WAVE-GUIDES; SPECTROSCOPY AB We have experimentally observed room-temperature exciton resonances resulting from interband two-photon transitions between bound-to-continuum states. The excitons exhibit reduced binding energy and broadened resonances compared to that of excitons resulting from two-photon transitions between bound states. This trend is consistent with our theoretical prediction. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)02151-2]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Elect Engn, Taipei, Taiwan. Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Orlando, FL USA. RP Kang, JU (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jin@ccf.nrl.navy.mil RI Kang, Jin/A-3228-2010; khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010; OI Yang, Chih-Chung/0000-0002-3476-3802 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 25 BP 3638 EP 3640 DI 10.1063/1.122847 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146XH UT WOS:000077458200004 ER PT J AU Hermanns, A Wilson, CM Patel, JY Naciri, JW Lindle, JR Ratna, BR AF Hermanns, A Wilson, CM Patel, JY Naciri, JW Lindle, JR Ratna, BR TI Single-sided alignment of electroclinic liquid crystals for active matrix displays SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Single-sided alignment, in which only one of the two display substrates bears an alignment layer, stands to significantly simplify the manufacture and improve the yield and performance of active matrix displays. Using polybutylene terephthalate alignment layers, we show that single-sided alignment is feasible for electroclinic liquid crystals and can result in faster switching and larger tilt angle. Most importantly, single-sided alignment gave high contrast in excess of 170:1. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)03951-5]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Geocenters Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Hermanns, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Geocenters Inc, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 25 BP 3644 EP 3646 DI 10.1063/1.122849 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146XH UT WOS:000077458200006 ER PT J AU Bennett, BR AF Bennett, BR TI Strain relaxation in InAs/GaSb heterostructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL LAYER THICKNESS; BEAM EPITAXY GROWTH; LATTICE-MISMATCH; DISLOCATIONS; DIFFRACTION; DEPENDENCE; QUALITY; DENSITY; ENERGY AB Lattice strain relaxation in InAs/GaSb heterostructures was investigated by x-ray diffraction. Two types of structures, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, are compared. In the first, GaSb buffer layers were grown on GaAs substrates, followed by 0.05-1.0 mu m thick InAs layers. In the second, InAs layers were grown directly on GaSb substrates. For a given thickness, the InAs layers retain significantly more strain when grown on GaSb substrates, reflecting the lower threading dislocation density in the GaSb substrates relative to the GaSb buffer layers grown on GaAs. [S0003-6951(98)02251-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bennett, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 25 BP 3736 EP 3738 DI 10.1063/1.122878 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146XH UT WOS:000077458200037 ER PT J AU Bertino, MF Glebov, AL Toennies, JP Traeger, F Pijper, E Kroes, GJ Mowrey, RC AF Bertino, MF Glebov, AL Toennies, JP Traeger, F Pijper, E Kroes, GJ Mowrey, RC TI Observation of large differences in the diffraction of normal- and para-H-2 from LiF(001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; SURFACE; H-2 AB Large differences have been observed in the diffraction intensities of normal-hydrogen and pure para-hydrogen scattered from the surface of a LiF(001) single crystal. The observed differences are shown to result from a strong coupling between the quadrupole moment of H-2 and the surface electrostatic field, which, in a zeroth order approximation, is averaged out in the case of para-hydrogen. Analogous effects are expected in scattering of all homonuclear diatomic molecules from ionic solids. C1 Max Planck Inst Stromungsforsch, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, Gorlaeus Labs, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bertino, MF (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem, Room 2-115,77 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 25 BP 5608 EP 5611 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.5608 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 150HT UT WOS:000077659500033 ER PT J AU Mehl, PM AF Mehl, PM TI Fictive glass-transition temperature and fragility for the phase diagram of the system fructose/water SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th North American Thermal Analysis Conference CY SEP 07-09, 1997 CL MCLEAN, VIRGINIA DE glass transition; water; fructose; fictive temperature; kinetics ID WATER AB The fructose/water phase diagram is determined by conventional DSC. No hydrates are observed and vitrification is achieved at 40 K/min on cooling for concentrations >55%w/w. The Couchman model, the Gordon model and the Jenckel-Heusch model are tested for the compositional variation of the fictive glass-transition temperature. The data at all these models, except the last, and predict a specific heat change at the glass transition for pure water of 18.9+/-1.5 and 13.5/-+0.8 cal/ (K mol), respectively, for the first and second models. The fictive glass-transition temperature, T-f, is determined as a function of cooling rate V. The associated activation energy d(ln (V)/d(1/T-f) is somewhat constant before increasing as the concentration increases above the limiting glass concentration. This concentration is found to be 78 wt%, defining the temperature T-g' at -57 degrees C for fructose. The change of specific heat at the glass transition presents a minimum for the wholly vitrified samples for a stronger thermodynamic grassy state for concentrations between 80 to 95%wt/wt as the kinetic approach, using the fragility factor, leads to a stronger kinetic glassy state close to 75%wt/wt corresponding to T-g'. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20899 USA. RP Mehl, PM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, Code 64,NNMC Bldg 29,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD DEC 21 PY 1998 VL 324 IS 1-2 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00538-3 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 152FX UT WOS:000077766600023 ER PT J AU Haltrin, VI AF Haltrin, VI TI Apparent optical properties of the sea illuminated by Sun and sky: case of the optically deep sea SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE; WATERS; DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING; MODEL; ANGLE AB The influence of illumination by direct sunlight and the diffuse light of the sky on the apparent optical properties of seawater are studied. This study is based on the earlier self-consistent approach for solution of the radiative transfer equation. The resulting set of equations couples diffuse reflectance and diffuse attenuation coefficients and other apparent optical properties of the sea with inherent optical properties of seawater and parameters of illumination by the Sun and the sky. The resulting equations in their general form are valid for any possible values of absorption and backscattering coefficients. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Code 7331, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 36 BP 8336 EP 8340 DI 10.1364/AO.37.008336 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 150XA UT WOS:000077690300006 PM 18301656 ER PT J AU Siskind, DE Bacmeister, JT Summers, ME AF Siskind, DE Bacmeister, JT Summers, ME TI A new calculation of chemical eddy transport for several middle atmospheric tracers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; NUMERICAL-MODEL; PLANETARY-WAVES; POLAR VORTEX; STRATOSPHERE; WINTER; VARIABILITY; DESCENT; GASES; OZONE AB We describe a new approach to calculating transport of chemically active tracers by nonbreaking planetary waves (chemical eddy transport). This approach uses the horizontal displacements calculated from a planetary wave model to estimate the time variation of the photolysis rates experienced at each grid point. Me contrast our method with a previously documented approach that assumes linear photochemical relaxation and calculates separate diffusion coefficients for each species. Our results are presented for five middle atmospheric tracers: O-3, NO2, NO, CO, and H-2. For O-3, greater transport into the polar region is seen around 30 km, For mesospheric NO, the increased exposure of polar air to UV sunlight leads to more photodissociation and thus less net downward transport into the stratosphere. Mesospheric CO and H-2 are less sensitive to chemical eddy transport because their chemical lifetimes are longer. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Siskind, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7641,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM siskind@map.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D23 BP 31321 EP 31329 DI 10.1029/1998JD100007 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 154GM UT WOS:000077880800023 ER PT J AU Cricenti, A Generosi, R Barchesi, C Luce, M Rinaldi, M Coluzza, C Perfetti, P Margaritondo, G Schaafsma, DT Aggarwal, ID Gilligan, JM Tolk, NH AF Cricenti, A Generosi, R Barchesi, C Luce, M Rinaldi, M Coluzza, C Perfetti, P Margaritondo, G Schaafsma, DT Aggarwal, ID Gilligan, JM Tolk, NH TI First experimental results with the free electron laser coupled to a scanning near-field optical microscope SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Epioptics Workshop CY JUN 17-22, 1998 CL ERICE, ITALY SP Ettore Majorana Fdn, Ctr Sci Culture ID RESOLUTION; PHOTOEMISSION AB First experiments of coupling a free electron laser to a scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) are presented. To address the question of how important such spectroscopy can be for near-field infrared microscopy, we acquired images of the same region of the sample under investigation at several photon wavelengths. SNOM reflectivity images revealed features that were not present in the corresponding shear-force (topology) ones and which were due to localized changes in the bulk properties of the sample. Optical data in the infrared (near 3.5 mu m), using the probe tips in collection mode, indicates an optical spatial resolution well below the classical limit of lambda/2. C1 Ist Stuttura Mat, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Appl, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Cricenti, A (reprint author), Ist Stuttura Mat, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM antonio@dns.ism.rm.cnr.it RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008; OI Gilligan, Jonathan/0000-0003-1375-6686 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6300 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD DEC 16 PY 1998 VL 170 IS 2 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-396X(199812)170:2<241::AID-PSSA241>3.0.CO;2-A PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 154AP UT WOS:000077866100011 ER PT J AU Abraham, FF Broughton, JQ Bernstein, N Kaxiras, E AF Abraham, FF Broughton, JQ Bernstein, N Kaxiras, E TI Spanning the continuum to quantum length scales in a dynamic simulation of brittle fracture SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSTABILITY DYNAMICS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SILICON AB We have coupled the continuum, the atomistic, and the quantum descriptions of matter for a unified treatment of the dynamic fracture of silicon. We have devised schemes for handshaking between the finite-element, molecular dynamics and semi-empirical tight-binding representations. We illustrate and validate the methodology for brittle crack propagation in silicon. C1 IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, Div Res, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Abraham, FF (reprint author), IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, Div Res, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. NR 13 TC 230 Z9 241 U1 2 U2 23 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 44 IS 6 BP 783 EP 787 DI 10.1209/epl/i1998-00536-9 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 149BP UT WOS:000077585500017 ER PT J AU Richards, AL Giri, A Iskandriati, D Pamungkas, J Sie, A Rosen, L Anthony, RL Franchini, G AF Richards, AL Giri, A Iskandriati, D Pamungkas, J Sie, A Rosen, L Anthony, RL Franchini, G TI Simian T-lymphotropic virus type I infection among wild-caught Indonesian pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE STLV-I; Macaca nemestrina; polymerase chain reaction; tax gene; Indonesia ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; NON-HUMAN PRIMATES; STLV-I; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; HTLV-I; ANTIBODY; MONKEYS; HAMADRYAS; ANTIGENS AB Evidence for the presence of simian T-lymphotropic viruses (STLV-I) was identified in Live-caught pig-tailed macaques from two locations in southern Sumatra, Indonesia. Of 60 animals tested, 13.3% of the animals showed seroreactivity to HTLV rm enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigens. Of these, 75% showed indeterminate reactivity and 25% showed positive reactivity to HTLV-I/II Western blot antigens. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of 6 of 8 seroreactive mon keys' peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNA showed production of proper size molecular weight product that hybridized specifically to an STLV-I tax gene-specific probe. Phylogenic analyses of tau gene fragment sequences from the PCR products of two samples, 930287 and 930306, indicated that these animals were infected with retroviruses related to those of the Asian STLV-I clade. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Dept Immunol, Jakarta, Indonesia. NCI, Lab Tumor Biol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Bogor Agr Univ, IPB PRC, Primate Res Ctr, Bogor, Indonesia. Inst Pasteur, Unite Epidemiol Virus Oncogenes, Paris, France. RP Richards, AL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta Publicat Div, Box 3, APO, AP 96520 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 19 IS 5 BP 542 EP 545 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 146JA UT WOS:000077424500015 PM 9859970 ER PT J AU Forbes, JW Lemar, ER AF Forbes, JW Lemar, ER TI Detonation wave velocity and curvature of a plastic-bonded, nonideal explosive PBXN-111 as a function of diameter and confinement SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Detonation velocities and wave front curvatures are measured on various diameter cylinders of PBXN-111 (RDX/AP/Al/HTPB binder with 20/43/25/12 weight percent). The cylinders are either unconfined or encased in 5-mm-thick brass tubes. In all experiments with brass tubes (diameters from 19 to 100 mm) the detonation velocity of PBXN-111 was affected by the confinement. Steady detonation waves propagated in brass encased charges with diameters as small as 19 mm, which is about half of the 37.1 mm failure diameter for unconfined PBXN-111. The radii of curvature at the center of the detonation wave fronts ranged from 52 to 480 mm for charge diameters from 25 to 100 mm, respectively. Detonation velocity as a function of radius of curvature at the wave's center is represented by a single curve for both cased and uncased cylindrical charges. The difference in the axial position of the detonation wave at the center of the charge and at the edge of the charge (i. e., lag distance) are between 1.6 and 6.7 mm. The angles between the detonation wave fronts and the brass/charge interfaces are between 73 degrees and 82 degrees while the angles at the cylindrical free surface for the uncased charges are between 61 degrees and 64 degrees. Calculation of this angle for brass encased charges using oblique shock equations and assuming no reaction in the shock front resulted in angles 8 degrees higher than measured except for the 100-mm-diam charge which was in agreement. The calculated angles for the uncased charge are in agreement with the measured values. [S0021-8979(98)06224-0]. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Div Indian Head, Indian Head, MD USA. RP Forbes, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 12 BP 6600 EP 6605 DI 10.1063/1.369033 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 144BJ UT WOS:000077293100018 ER PT J AU Willard, MA Laughlin, DE Mchenry, ME Thoma, D Sickafus, K Cross, JO Harris, VG AF Willard, MA Laughlin, DE Mchenry, ME Thoma, D Sickafus, K Cross, JO Harris, VG TI Structure and magnetic properties of (Fe0.5Co0.5)(88)Zr7B4Cu1 nanocrystalline alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH SATURATION MAGNETIZATION; TRANSITION-METAL ALLOYS; M-B M=ZR; FE-ZR-B; GRAIN-SIZE; DEPENDENCE AB The development of Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1 (FINEMET) by Yoshizawa et al. and Fe88Zr7B4Cu1 (NANOPERM) by Inoue et al. have shown that nanocrystalline microstructures can plan an important role in the production of materals with outstanding soft magnetic properties. The FINEMET and NANOPERM materials rely on nanocrystalline alpha-Fe3Si and alpha-Fe, respectively, for their soft magnetic properties. The magnetic properties of a new class of nanocrystalline magnets are described herein. These alloys with a composition of (Fe, Co)-M-B-Cu (where M = Zr and Hf) are based on the alpha- and alpha'-FeCo phases, have been named HITPERM magnets, and offer large magnetic inductions to elevated temperatures. This report focuses on thermomagnetic properties, alternating current (ac) magnetic response, and unambiguous evidence of alpha'-FeCo as the nanocrystalline ferromagnetic phase, as supported by synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Synchrotron data have distinguished between the HITPERM alloy, with nanocrystallites having a B2 structure data have distinguished between the HITPERM alloy, with nanocrystallites having a B2 structure from the FINEMET alloys, with the D0(3) structure, and NANOPERM alloys, with the A2 structure. Thermomagnetic data shows high magnetization to persist to the alpha --> gamma phase transformation at 980 degrees C. The room temperature ac permeability has been found to maintain a high value of 1800 up to a frequency of similar to 2 kHz. The room temperature core loss has also been shown to be competitive with that of commercial high temperature alloys with a value of 1 W/g at B-s = 10 kG and f = 1 kHz. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(98)03024-2]. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Willard, MA (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; NR 12 TC 291 Z9 312 U1 4 U2 77 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 12 BP 6773 EP 6777 DI 10.1063/1.369007 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 144BJ UT WOS:000077293100045 ER PT J AU Mask, AC O'Brien, JJ Preller, R AF Mask, AC O'Brien, JJ Preller, R TI Wind-driven effects on the Yellow Sea Warm Current SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article AB The Yellow Sea is a shallow basin with an average depth of 44 m located between China and the Korean Peninsula. One of the dominant ocean circulation features of the Yellow Sea is a warm water intrusion known. as the Yellow Sea Warm Current. This feature is present throughout the year but reaches its farthest northward extension in winter. The circulation of the Yellow, East China, and Bohai Seas was modeled using the Princeton Ocean Model to better understand the dynamics of the Yellow Sea Warm Current. The horizontal resolution of the model varies from 8 km in the Yellow Sea to 25 km in the East China Sea, Twenty-four sigma levels are used to define the vertical structure. The model uses daily atmospheric forcing from the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System for 1993. Open boundary conditions are applied at the Taiwan Strait, the Tsushima (Korea) Strait, an area south of Taiwan, and the Tokara Strait, with a closed boundary south of the Ryukyu Islands. The model results are examined to determine the effect of the wind on the northward extension of the warm water intrusion, using both water mass characteristics and northward velocity components. Sensitivity tests and spectrum analyses, performed to study the influence of the wind on the Yellow Sea Warm Current, show that winds modify the pathway and extent of the Yellow Sea Warm Current. The current's origin, however, appears to be due to external forcing from the current systems developed in the East China Sea. C1 Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmosphere Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Mask, AC (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmosphere Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 19 TC 41 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 103 IS C13 BP 30713 EP 30729 DI 10.1029/1998JC900007 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 155YR UT WOS:000077974900007 ER PT J AU Guest, PS AF Guest, PS TI Surface longwave radiation conditions in the eastern Weddell Sea during winter SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ICE DRIFT; THERMAL-RADIATION; MODEL; POLYNYA; ALBEDO; FLUX; ROUGHNESS AB This is a study of the surface longwave radiation characteristics over the Weddell Sea during winter, based on measurements performed from a ship and ice flee camps during the Antarctic Zone Flux Experiment (ANZFLUX), which occurred in July and August 1994. Net longwave radiation is the dominant term in the regional surface energy balance. The net longwave radiational cooling of the surface is 62 W m(-2) greater during clear skies than during overcast skies. The downwelling longwave radiation during clear skies is 17% less, and during overcast skies, it is 3% less than for reported Arctic cases with the same surface temperature. Previously published formulas of downwelling longwave radiation based on surface variables have a total rms error of 10-43 W m(-2) for the clear-sky cases and 10-20 W m(-2) for overcast cases when applied to the ANZFLUX data. There is no correlation of downward longwave radiation with any standard surface meteorological parameters, except air temperature and observed cloud cover, with the possible exception of wind speed, which has a slight negative correlation during clear skies. Predictions from newly derived formulas using only air temperature have an rms error of 5.8 W m(-2) for overcast skies and 7.2 W m(-2) for clear skies. When information on cloud bottom temperature and cloud thickness is available, downwelling radiation is predicted to within 3.9 W m(-2). These rms errors are based on parameterizations that are tuned to the ANZFLUX data set and are better than the accuracies to be expected when applying the parameterizations to other situations, including other Weddell Sea wintertime cases. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Guest, PS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 103 IS C13 BP 30761 EP 30771 DI 10.1029/98JC02146 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 155YR UT WOS:000077974900010 ER PT J AU Maltrud, ME Smith, RD Semtner, AJ Malone, RC AF Maltrud, ME Smith, RD Semtner, AJ Malone, RC TI Global eddy-resolving ocean simulations driven by 1985-1995 atmospheric winds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; BRUNT-VAISALA FREQUENCY; SEA-SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; HEAT-TRANSPORT; ROSSBY RADII; VARIABILITY; RESOLUTION AB Results are presented from a high-resolution global ocean model that is driven through three decadal cycles of increasingly realistic prescribed atmospheric forcing from the period 1985-1995. The model used (the Parallel Ocean Program) is a z level primitive equation model with active thermohaline dynamics based on the formulation of Bryan [1969] rewritten for massively parallel computers. Improvements to the model include an implicit free-surface formulation of the barotropic mode [Dukowicz and Smith, 1994] and the use of pressure averaging for increasing the numerical time step. This study extends earlier 0.5 degrees simulations of Semtner and Chervin [1992] to higher horizontal resolution with improved treatments of ocean geometry and surface forcing. The computational grid is a Mercator projection covering the global ocean from 77 degrees N to 77 degrees S and has 20 vertical levels. Three successive simulations have been performed on the CM-5 Connection Machine system at Los Alamos using forcing fields from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The first run uses monthly wind stresses for 1985-1995 and restoring of surface temperature and salinity to the Levitus [1982] seasonal climatology. The second run is the same but with 3 day-averaged rather than monthly averaged wind stress fields, and the third is the same as the second but uses the monthly climatological ECMWF heat fluxes of Barnier et al. [1995] instead of restoring to climatological sea surface temperatures. Many features of the wind-driven circulation are well represented in the model solutions, such as the overall current patterns, the numerous regions of hydrodynamic instability which correspond to these observed by satellite altimetry, and the filamented structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. However, some features such as the separation points of the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio and the transport through narrow passages such as the Florida Straits are clearly inaccurate and indicate that still higher resolution may be required to correct these deficiencies. Water mass properties and some aspects of the thermohaline circulation are also not always well reproduced, which is partly due to the relatively short length of the integrations. The use of the ECMWF heat fluxes, rather than restoring to climatological surface temperatures, leads to stronger and more realistic surface and deep western boundary currents (primarily in the Atlantic) as well as more realistic meridional heat transport; this is primarily because the equilibrium meridional heat transport implied by the ECMWF surface fluxes is quite large. The ECMWF heat fluxes also produce improved seasonal cycles of sea surface temperature and height in both the northern and southern hemispheres. The 3-day wind forcing gives rise to modes of model variability that are clearly seen in synoptic observations, such as the large-scale 20-100-day oscillations seen in the TOPEX/POSEIDON data, which are barotropic oscillations induced by the high-frequency wind forcing. Additional studies on other aspects of the simulations described here are being conducted by a variety of investigators, and some of these are briefly described. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Maltrud, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM maltrud@lanl.gov NR 69 TC 123 Z9 129 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 103 IS C13 BP 30825 EP 30853 DI 10.1029/1998JC900013 PG 29 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 155YR UT WOS:000077974900014 ER PT J AU Eckermann, SD Gibson-Wilde, DE Bacmeister, JT AF Eckermann, SD Gibson-Wilde, DE Bacmeister, JT TI Gravity wave perturbations of minor constituents: A parcel advection methodology SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SPORADIC SODIUM LAYERS; LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; TOTAL OZONE; STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; BREAKING SIGNATURES; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; PLANETARY-WAVES; FLUCTUATIONS; TRANSPORT AB Existing analytical models of wave-induced minor constituent fluctuations result from linearized perturbation expansions of a rate equation governing either number density or mixing ratio, whereas many numerical models now use isentropic parcel advection methods to simulate these effects. Exact relationships between the two approaches are not currently clear for gravity waves. Here, the parcel advection method is formalized and applied to derive analytical formulas for the response of vertical constituent profiles of arbitrary shape to adiabatic gravity wave displacements. These relations are compared to corresponding formulas from standard linearized perturbation analyses. Both methods accurately model perturbations produced by nondissipating hydrostatic gravity waves within idealized vertical tracer profiles. Both methods can also model wave-induced perturbations of minor constituents with shorter chemical lifetimes. This is demonstrated by using the parcel method to reproduce previous results for wave-induced fluctuations in upper-stratospheric ozone. The parcel-based approach yields more accurate models of nondissipating hydrostatic gravity wave effects on tracer distibutions with sharp spatial gradients. The authors demonstrate this by using the method to model wave-induced modulations of sporadic sodium layers in the mesosphere and of ozone laminae in the lower stratosphere. Conversely, the parcel method does not accurately model tracer density perturbations produced by nonhydrostatic waves, or situations in which the photochemical response of the constituent leads to significant diabatic feedback on the perturbing wave. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. Colorado Res Associates, Boulder, CO USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eckermann, SD (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, Suite 600,2750 Prosper Ave, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. EM eckerman@cpi.com NR 68 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 55 IS 24 BP 3521 EP 3539 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<3521:GWPOMC>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150XD UT WOS:000077690600001 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Gu, W Gao, JD AF Xu, Q Gu, W Gao, JD TI Baroclinic Eady wave and fronts. Part I: Viscous semigeostrophy and the impact of boundary condition SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GEOSTROPHIC MOMENTUM APPROXIMATION; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; NONLINEAR EQUILIBRATION; MODEL; FRONTOGENESIS; DYNAMICS; CIRCULATIONS; EVOLUTION; EQUATIONS AB A two-dimensional viscous semigeostrophic model is developed to study the evolution of the baroclinic Eady wave and fronts with two types (free-slip and nonslip) of boundary conditions. With the free-slip boundary condition, the solution is very similar to the inviscid one but the frontal collapse is prevented by the diffusive effect. When the fronts become sharp in the mature stage, strong horizontal diffusions of momentum and potential temperature cause strong inward fluxes of geostrophic potential vorticity (GPV) at the surface fronts, so high GPV anomalies are generated at the surface fronts and advected into the interior, forming two backward-tilted plumes along the upper and lower fronts. The wave and front development can be interpreted by the interaction between the lower- and upper-level GPV anomalies in terms of GPV thinking similarly tb that in the inviscid case. When the boundary condition is nonslip, the initial growth and subsequent nonlinear evolution of the solution are significantly slower than the inviscid one, but the associated boundary layer processes allow the model to produce realistic features in the vicinity of the front. Diffusive GPV fluxes at the boundaries are caused mainly by vertical diffusions of momentum and potential temperature, so GPV anomalies are produced over broad regions behind and ahead of the front. As the GPV anomalies are transported from the boundary layer into the interior, they evolve into two mushroom clouds. The shallow boundary layer circulation, driven by the inverted geostrophic flow through Ekman pumping, produces a positive feedback to the horizontal spreading of the interior GPV anomalies. This explains why and how the GPV anomalies grow into two mushroom clouds. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Nanjing Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 55 IS 24 BP 3598 EP 3615 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<3598:BEWAFP>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150XD UT WOS:000077690600005 ER PT J AU Lin, HB Eversole, JD Campillo, AJ Barton, JP AF Lin, HB Eversole, JD Campillo, AJ Barton, JP TI Excitation localization principle for spherical microcavities SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FOCUSED LASER-BEAM; SCATTERING; RESONANCE; EMISSION; DROPLET; FIELDS AB Van de Hulst's localization principle relates the principal mode;number to the external beam position that maximizes energy coupling to a spherical cavity mode. Our experiments in lasing microdroplets verify localization but only for low-Q modes, when the cavity may be considered to be a nearly perfect homogeneous sphere. The principle fails in the perturbation-dominated high-Q limit. Surprisingly, nearsurface resonances are still efficiently excited in these cases but require impact parameters slightly smaller than the sphere radius. Numerical modeling suggests that this new input channel depends on surface scattering. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Lin, HB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5610, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 23 IS 24 BP 1921 EP 1923 DI 10.1364/OL.23.001921 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 148JB UT WOS:000077500600018 PM 18091956 ER PT J AU Prokes, SM Carlos, WE Veprek, S Ossadnik, C AF Prokes, SM Carlos, WE Veprek, S Ossadnik, C TI Defect studies in as-deposited and processed nanocrystalline Si/SiO2 structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; POROUS SILICON; VISIBLE LUMINESCENCE; THERMAL SIO2; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DEPENDENCE; SPECTRA; ORIGIN; MODEL; SIZE AB Nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si)/SiO2 samples formed by varying processing conditions have been examined using electron spin resonance (ESR) and photoluminescence. Results indicate the presence of three ESR centers associated with the oxidized and annealed samples, one of which has been identified as an E' defect (O vacancy), a second as an oxygen thermal donor which is most important at low temperatures, and a third as a Si dangling-bond resonance which is more pronounced at higher temperatures. The thermal donor line shows a strong correlation with the 1.5 eV emission exhibited by the oxidized and annealed nc-Si samples. It is suggested that an oxide-related defect similar to that reported in oxidized porous silicon may be the source of this optical emission. [S0163-1829(98)05547-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Inst Chem Inorgan Mat, D-85747 Garching, Germany. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Veprek, Stan/C-1248-2008 OI Veprek, Stan/0000-0002-6016-3093 NR 32 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 23 BP 15632 EP 15635 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.15632 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 148PY UT WOS:000077542100064 ER PT J AU Jishi, RA Braier, NC White, CT Mintmire, JW AF Jishi, RA Braier, NC White, CT Mintmire, JW TI Peptide nanotubes: An inert environment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TUBULES; MICROTUBULES; CAPILLARITY AB First-principles calculations of the band structure of peptide nanotubes are presented. It is shown that these nanotubes are insulators with wide band gaps, and that they act as an inert vessel where foreign atoms could be incorporated; hardly any interaction takes place between the tube wall and guest atoms. [S0163-1829(98)51038-X]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. RP Jishi, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6179, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 24 BP 16009 EP 16011 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 151BE UT WOS:000077700400016 ER PT J AU Abdu, WA Provencher, M AF Abdu, WA Provencher, M TI Primary bone and metastatic tumors of the cervical spine SO SPINE LA English DT Article ID NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY; RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA; SURGICAL-TREATMENT; PREOPERATIVE EMBOLIZATION; LESIONS; MANAGEMENT; COMPRESSION; STABILIZATION; EXPERIENCE; FRACTURES C1 Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Hanover, NH USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Abdu, WA (reprint author), Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 1 Med Ctr Dr, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. EM william.abdu@hitchcock.org NR 72 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 23 IS 24 BP 2767 EP 2776 DI 10.1097/00007632-199812150-00019 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 149ZK UT WOS:000077637000018 PM 9879102 ER PT J AU Funn, JV Dutta, I AF Funn, JV Dutta, I TI Creep behavior of interfaces in fiber reinforced metal-matrix composites SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSIONAL RELAXATION; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; MODEL; STRENGTH; SUPERPLASTICITY; FRACTURE; SLIP; TI AB The elevated temperature deformation behavior of interfaces in model single fiber composites was isolated and studied using a fiber push-down approach, whereby the interface is loaded in sheer. Two fiber-matrix systems, one with no mutual solubility (quartz-lead) and the other with limited mutual solubility (nickel-lead), were investigated. In both systems, the matrix and fiber underwent sliding relative to each other? with the interface acting as a high diffusivity path. The mechanism of sliding was inferred to be interface-diffusion-controlled diffusional creep with a threshold stress (Bingham flow). The behavior was modeled analytically using a continuum approach, and an expression for the constitutive creep behavior of the interface was derived. The model provided a physical basis for the observed threshold behavior, which was found to be directly related to the normal (radial) residual stress acting on the fiber-matrix interface. The results are deemed to be significant because: (1) in some instances, interfacial sliding may be instrumental in determining the overall creep/thermal cycling response of a composite; and (2) they offer an alternative rationalization of threshold behavior during diffusional how (besides interface reaction control) and may be useful in understanding creep in multi-phase systems with internal stresses. Acta Metallurgica me. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD DEC 10 PY 1998 VL 47 IS 1 BP 149 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00327-9 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 156HR UT WOS:000077996000016 ER PT J AU Aaronson, HI Pande, CS AF Aaronson, HI Pande, CS TI A synthesis of mechanisms for initiation of the cellular (or discontinuous precipitation) reaction SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY MIGRATION; EQUILIBRIUM SHAPE; CR ALLOY; GROWTH; NUCLEATION; KINETICS; NUCLEI AB To provide a basis for understanding mechanisms for initiation of the cellular reaction, the junction of an incoherent grain boundary with microfaceted interfaces at both the rationally and the irrationally oriented interfaces of grain boundary allotriomorphs is examined with the Cahn-Hoffman formalism. When relative values of the three xi vectors. are appropriate, the angle between the grain boundary and a facet at the allotriomorph edge can vary from 0 to 90 degrees and still be in equilibrium throughout this range. Also, the same Vector applies everywhere on a given planar facet. With the aid of DIGM, these considerations can permit a grain boundary to migrate part way along the broad face of an allotriomorph to initiate the cellular reaction via the Tu-Turnbull mechanism, or migrate to the allotriomorph end and isolate it a la Hillert-Lagneborg, or entirely fail migration, thereby allowing operation of the Fournelle-Clark mechanism, depending upon relative values of the xi vector components. (C) 1998 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Phys Met Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. RP Aaronson, HI (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD DEC 10 PY 1998 VL 47 IS 1 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00335-8 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 156HR UT WOS:000077996000018 ER PT J AU Stellman, CM Ewing, KJ Bucholtz, F Aggarwal, ID AF Stellman, CM Ewing, KJ Bucholtz, F Aggarwal, ID TI Determination of BTEX contaminants in water via a long-pathlength fiber-optic Raman 'dip-stick' SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE fiber-optic Raman; Raman spectroscopy; BTEX determination; trace organics analysis ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SPECTROSCOPY; MODULATION; EXTRACTION; SCATTERING; SURFACE AB A novel device is described for measuring benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) in water. The instrument employs a long-pathlength fiber-optic Raman 'dip-stick' for rapid in-situ interrogation of liquid samples. The instrumental set-up, experimental conditions and fiber probe design are described in detail, Signal enhancements by factors of 100-150 over conventional Raman measurements have been achieved and limits of detection at the 95% confidence interval of 8-48 ppm for the BTEX analytes in water have been calculated. Signal response has been demonstrated to be linear over four orders of magnitude. Factors limiting detection limits have been identified and possible solutions are presented. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stellman, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5606,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD DEC 10 PY 1998 VL 53 IS 3 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(98)00337-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 189MD UT WOS:000079908100006 ER PT J AU Pancrazio, JJ Bey, PP Cuttino, DS Kusel, JK Borkholder, DA Shaffer, KM Kovacs, GTA Stenger, DA AF Pancrazio, JJ Bey, PP Cuttino, DS Kusel, JK Borkholder, DA Shaffer, KM Kovacs, GTA Stenger, DA TI Portable cell-based biosensor system for toxin detection SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE amplifier; biosensor; cardiac myocytes; extracellular recording; portable ID MONITORING ELECTROGENIC CELLS; MICROELECTRODE ARRAY; FIBEROPTIC BIOSENSOR; NEURONAL NETWORKS; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; IN-VITRO; CULTURE AB A portable cell-based biosensor has been developed and characterized. The prototype system relies on extracellular recording from excitable cells cultured over an array of platinized gold microelectrodes. Extracellular potentials were bandpass filtered between 80 Hz to 2.8 kHz and amplified with a selectable gain of either 1000 or 5000. The input-referred noise level of the system was only 8.7 mu V-RMS in the laboratory setting, reaching only 10.6 mu V-RMS in an outdoor environment, more than sufficient for measurement of extracellular potentials from excitable cells. The system also incorporates a feedback control system for temperature regulation and a 36-channel multiplexer for selection of up to four output channels for simultaneous display. Wherever possible, low-cost 'off-the-shelf' components were utilized in this prototype biosensor design. Using this system, extracellular recordings from chick myocardiocytes were performed under both laboratory and outdoor conditions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Stenger, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 21 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD DEC 10 PY 1998 VL 53 IS 3 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(98)00340-2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 189MD UT WOS:000079908100007 ER PT J AU Dominguez, DD Chung, R Nguyen, V Tevault, D McGill, RA AF Dominguez, DD Chung, R Nguyen, V Tevault, D McGill, RA TI Evaluation of SAW chemical sensors for air filter lifetime and performance monitoring SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AB A miniature surface acoustic wave (SAW) chemical sensor has been utilized to monitor the progression and breakthrough of the nerve agent simulant dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP) through a porous carbon filter-bed. The SAW sensor was successfully operated in carbon filter-beds under high air flow rates and a variety of humidity conditions with no active temperature control applied to the filler bed or SAW sensor. The SAW sensor successfully monitored the progression of DMMP through the filter-bed, from low to high vapor concentrations. The inclusion of the SAW sensor in the middle or at the end of the filter-bed did not degrade the performance of the filter-bed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USA, Ctr Dev & Engn, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP McGill, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6370,4555 Overlook Ave NE, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM amcgill@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD DEC 10 PY 1998 VL 53 IS 3 BP 186 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(98)00338-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 189MD UT WOS:000079908100008 ER PT J AU Heuer, WB Lee, HS Kim, OK AF Heuer, WB Lee, HS Kim, OK TI Influence of hemicyanine dye structures on spectral properties of their supramolecular complexes with amylose SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID INCLUSION COMPLEX AB Hemicyanine chromophores bearing long-chain alkyl substitutents on the donor and/or acceptor ends have been prepared, and absorption and emission spectra of their supramolecular complexes with amylose have been studied in order to relate them to their supramolecular structures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kim, OK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD DEC 7 PY 1998 IS 23 BP 2649 EP 2650 DI 10.1039/a808359b PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 146LN UT WOS:000077430700049 ER PT J AU Ma, W Liu, QY Jung, D Manos, P Pancrazio, JJ Schaffner, AE Barker, JL Stenger, DA AF Ma, W Liu, QY Jung, D Manos, P Pancrazio, JJ Schaffner, AE Barker, JL Stenger, DA TI Central neuronal synapse formation on micropatterned surfaces SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE self-assembled monolayer; synaptogenesis; synapsin I; spontaneous postsynaptic current; evoked postsynaptic current ID TISSUE-CULTURE POLYSTYRENE; EARLY POSTNATAL LIFE; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; EXCITATORY TRANSMITTER; NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; SERUM VITRONECTIN; GABA; ATTACHMENT; NETWORKS; FIBRONECTIN AB Controlling synapse formation is a key to patterning of neurons into functional circuits and networks in vitro. However, the process of synapse formation among neurons grown on artificial surfaces is relatively unstudied. We cultured embryonic hippocampal cells on trimethoxysilylpropyl-diethylenetriamine (DETA) and tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl-1-dimethylchlorosilane (13F), and on patterns composed of DETA lines separated by 13F spaces. For comparison, neurons were concurrently plated on surfaces coated with uniform poly-D-lysine (PDL). Pre- and postsynaptic specializations were identified by immunostaining for synapsin I and microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2). Spontaneous (SPCs) and evoked (EPCs) postsynaptic currents were recorded using dual patch-clamp techniques. We found that DETA promoted synapse formation, whereas evidence for synapse formation on 13F was barely detected. MAP-2(+) neuronal soma and rapidly growing dendrites were co-localized with synapsin I puncta faithfully along DETA lines. The expression of synapsin I puncta, and MAP-2(+) soma and dendrites correlated well with the appearance of SPCs. Synapsin I, MAP-2 and SPCs emerged together at days 3-4 and increased at day 7, when EPCs appeared. Synaptic signals occurring during 4-7 days in culture were all GABAergic. These results indicate that fully functional synapses are formed on silane surfaces, demonstrating the suitability of patterned silane surfaces for organizing synapse formation in vitro. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NINDS, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Stenger, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 9600,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dstenger@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 41 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-3806 J9 DEV BRAIN RES JI Dev. Brain Res. PD DEC 7 PY 1998 VL 111 IS 2 BP 231 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S0165-3806(98)00142-4 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 147KY UT WOS:000077568200009 PM 9838136 ER PT J AU Papanicolaou, NI Kallinteris, GC Evangelakis, GA Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ AF Papanicolaou, NI Kallinteris, GC Evangelakis, GA Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ TI Second-moment interatomic potential for Cu-Au alloys based on total-energy calculations and its application to molecular-dynamics simulations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; TRANSITION-METALS; NOBLE-METALS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; AG-AU; SURFACE; MODEL; RECONSTRUCTION; TEMPERATURE; DISORDER AB We have evaluated interatomic potentials of Cu, An and Cu-Au Lit ordered alloys in the framework of the second-moment approximation to the tight-binding theory by fitting to the volume dependence of the total energy of these materials computed by first-principles augmented-plane-wave calculations. We have applied this scheme to calculate the bulk modulus and elastic constants of the pure elements and alloys and we have obtained a good agreement with experiment. We also have performed molecular-dynamics simulations at various temperatures, deducing the temperature dependence of the lattice constants and the atomic mean square displacements, as well as the phonon density of states and the phonon-dispersion curves of the ordered alloys. A Satisfactory accuracy was obtained, comparable to previous works based on the same approximation, but resulting from fitting to various experimental quantities. C1 Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, Div Solid State, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. USN, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, Div Solid State, POB 1186, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. EM nikpap@cc.uoi.gr RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 56 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 7 PY 1998 VL 10 IS 48 BP 10979 EP 10990 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/10/48/018 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 150QP UT WOS:000077677000018 ER PT J AU Laracuente, A Erwin, SC Whitman, LJ AF Laracuente, A Erwin, SC Whitman, LJ TI Structure of Ge(113): Origin and stability of surface self-interstitials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SI(113); RECONSTRUCTION; SILICON; DEFECTS; MODELS AB Using atomic-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and first-principles calculations we show that Ge and Si(113) are structurally similar, contrary to previous reports. Both surfaces have (3 x 2) and (3 x 1) reconstructions stabilized by surface self-interstitials, with the (3 x 2) lower in energy on Si but degenerate with the (3 x 1) on Ge. Statistical analysis of fluctuations observed between the two structures on Ge, combined with calculations for bulk interstitials, indicate that the surface (not the bulk) is the likely source and sink of the surface self-interstitials for both materials. [S0031-9007(98)07858-2]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laracuente, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 17 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 7 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 23 BP 5177 EP 5180 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.5177 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 145GH UT WOS:000077362300035 ER PT J AU Pao, PS Feng, CR Gill, SJ AF Pao, PS Feng, CR Gill, SJ TI Hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack growth in beta-annealed Ti-6A1-4V SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID WIDMANSTATTEN TI-6AL-4V C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pao, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD DEC 4 PY 1998 VL 40 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(98)00395-9 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 151TF UT WOS:000077736200004 ER PT J AU Medeiros, MG Zoski, CG AF Medeiros, MG Zoski, CG TI Investigation of a sodium hypochlorite catholyte for an aluminum aqueous battery system SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article AB A solution-phase sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) cathode for use in an aluminum-based seawater battery is presented. This catholyte attains a high power density, a positive redox potential, and a high Faradaic current capacity. NaOCl is also inexpensive, stable, and environmentally safe/friendly. Four aluminum alloys and 99.999% pure aluminum, serving as anodes, were tested in 3.0, 5.0, and 8.0 M NaOH solutions at the temperatures 45, 55, 65, and 80 degrees C. The catholyte concentration and temperature effects were optimized, and the best electrocatalyst was chosen to carry out the NaOCl reduction. Optimization experiments were carried out on a half-cell basis using a potentiostat in a three-electrode configuration with Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode and a carbon rod as the counter electrode. Full-cell testing incorporating the optimum conditions was performed with a flowing electrolyte apparatus. A catholyte concentration of 0.70 M NaOCl proved optimum in combination with 3.0 M NaOH at the temperature 55 degrees C and 5.0 M NaOH at the temperature 65 OC. The temperature 45 degrees C was not high enough for aluminum activation, the 80 OC data did not show an improvement over the 65 degrees C data, and polarization was not dramatically enhanced in 8.0 M NaOH. Nickel foil and porous nickel separately electroplated with palladium were found to be the most effective electrocatalysts. Full-cell data demonstrates a successful electrochemical system with current densities approaching 1200 mA/cm(2) and voltages above 1.0 V. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Zoski, CG (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, 51 Lower Coll Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 3 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 49 BP 9908 EP 9914 DI 10.1021/jp982825p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 146ZV UT WOS:000077464500020 ER PT J AU Daly, KA AF Daly, KA TI Attitudes of US psychiatry residencies about personal psychotherapy for psychiatry residents SO ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Braceland Seminar, at the American-Psychiatric-Association Meeting CY MAY 04, 1996 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Psychiat Assoc ID THERAPISTS AB This study examined the current attitudes and policies of U.S. psychiatry residencies about psychotherapy for psychiatry residents. The survey was distributed to program directors and chief residents at 196 psychiatry residencies in the United States in 1995-1996. The author received 257 responses, representing 86% of all programs. Results are described and comparisons analyzed by contingency tests. Forty-two percent of U.S. psychiatry residencies recommended psychotherapy for residents, while a smaller per centage of residents engaged in therapy. The psychoanalytically oriented and other psychodynamic programs recommended therapy more often, had more residents in therapy, and perceived therapy as move helpful than the biologically oriented programs. C1 USN, Dept Mental Hlth, Med Clin, Pearl Harbor, HI 96860 USA. RP Daly, KA (reprint author), USN, Dept Mental Hlth, Med Clin, POB 121, Pearl Harbor, HI 96860 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1042-9670 J9 ACAD PSYCHIATR JI Acad. Psych. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 22 IS 4 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry GA 142BT UT WOS:000077180600002 ER EF