FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Bitterwolf, TE Shade, JE Scallorn, B AF Bitterwolf, TE Shade, JE Scallorn, B TI Photolysis of rhodium carbonyl complexes in solution and frozen Nujol matrices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 1999 VL 217 MA 052-INOR BP U959 EP U960 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176JN UT WOS:000079148103004 ER PT J AU Dvorak, SD Wahl, KJ Singer, IL AF Dvorak, SD Wahl, KJ Singer, IL TI Tribological properties of boron carbide and boron oxide films. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 1999 VL 217 MA 062-COLL BP U601 EP U602 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176JN UT WOS:000079148101850 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y AF Furukawa, Y TI A TEM investigation of clay-organic matter association microfabric in fine-grained marine sediments. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 1999 VL 217 MA 050-GEOC BP U839 EP U839 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176JN UT WOS:000079148102619 ER PT J AU Griscom, DL AF Griscom, DL TI ESR of irradiated silica and high level nuclear waste glass simulants. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 1999 VL 217 MA 056-PHYS BP U293 EP U293 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176JP UT WOS:000079148200859 ER PT J AU Harrison, JA Tutein, AB Stuart, SJ AF Harrison, JA Tutein, AB Stuart, SJ TI The atomic-scale friction of hydrocarbon self-assembled monolayers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 1999 VL 217 MA 014-COLL BP U588 EP U588 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176JN UT WOS:000079148101809 ER PT J AU Leventis, N Elder, I Rolison, D Merzbacher, C AF Leventis, N Elder, I Rolison, D Merzbacher, C TI Synthesis and characterization of silica aerogel monoliths bulk-modified with covalently bound 2,7-diazapyrenium moieties. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Opt Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 1999 VL 217 MA 098-PHYS BP U305 EP U305 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176JP UT WOS:000079148200901 ER PT J AU Merzbacher, CI Rolison, DR Anderson, ML Cepak, VM Swider, KE AF Merzbacher, CI Rolison, DR Anderson, ML Cepak, VM Swider, KE TI Structural characterization of porous nanophase materials by contrast-matching SANS. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 1999 VL 217 MA 126-PHYS BP U313 EP U313 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176JP UT WOS:000079148200929 ER PT J AU Mushiush, GW Speight, JG Beal, EJ Hardy, DR AF Mushiush, GW Speight, JG Beal, EJ Hardy, DR TI Instability chemistry of middle distillate and fuel oils. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 1999 VL 217 MA 003-PETR BP U230 EP U230 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176JP UT WOS:000079148200741 ER PT J AU Nivens, DA Scruggs, SB Conrad, DW AF Nivens, DA Scruggs, SB Conrad, DW TI Comparison of photolabile o-nitrobenzyl poly(ethylene glycol) modified Si-OH and Si-H surfaces for the production of biosensor arrays SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 1999 VL 217 MA 033-ANYL BP U107 EP U107 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176JN UT WOS:000079148100255 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR Ryan, JV Merzbacher, CI Long, JW Anderson, ML Berry, AD Stroud, RM AF Rolison, DR Ryan, JV Merzbacher, CI Long, JW Anderson, ML Berry, AD Stroud, RM TI The physical and chemical properties of silica aerogels paved with nanowires. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 1999 VL 217 MA 074-PHYS BP U298 EP U298 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176JP UT WOS:000079148200877 ER PT J AU Stuart, SJ Harrison, JA AF Stuart, SJ Harrison, JA TI Molecular dynamics study of lubrication by small hydrocarbons. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 1999 VL 217 MA 015-COLL BP U589 EP U589 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176JN UT WOS:000079148101810 ER PT J AU Trzaskoma-Paulette, PP Lambrakos, SG AF Trzaskoma-Paulette, PP Lambrakos, SG TI Interpretation of SHG responses from metal-electrolyte interfaces using a microscopic-level surface-site charge displacement model. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 1999 VL 217 MA 116-COLL BP U617 EP U617 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176JN UT WOS:000079148101904 ER PT J AU Wahl, KJ Barger, WR Asif, SAS AF Wahl, KJ Barger, WR Asif, SAS TI Shear response of nanoscale contacts. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 1999 VL 217 MA 149-COLL BP U626 EP U626 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176JN UT WOS:000079148101936 ER PT J AU Wynne, KJ AF Wynne, KJ TI Electronically conducting polymers and applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 1999 VL 217 MA 148-PMSE BP U434 EP U434 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176JP UT WOS:000079148201315 ER PT J AU Zarras, P Fallis, S Miles, MH Yee, RY Chafin, AP Merwin, LH Lindsay, GA AF Zarras, P Fallis, S Miles, MH Yee, RY Chafin, AP Merwin, LH Lindsay, GA TI New main-chain poly(crown ether) membranes for lithium-ion transport. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 1999 VL 217 MA 378-PMSE BP U499 EP U499 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176JP UT WOS:000079148201544 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Aifer, EH Olafsen, LJ Meyer, JR Goldberg, L Chow, DH AF Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Aifer, EH Olafsen, LJ Meyer, JR Goldberg, L Chow, DH TI Mid-infrared vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for chemical sensing SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Optical-Society-of-America Topical Meeting on Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis CY MAR 09-11, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Opt Soc Amer ID QUANTUM-WELL LASER AB The first (to our knowledge) III-V mid-IR vertical-cavity: surface-emitting lasers (lambda = 2.9 mu m) are demonstrated and show promising characteristics for chemical detection applications. The cw optical-pumping threshold is low (4 mW at 80 K) and efficiency is high (5.6% W/W). Pulsed operation is obtained up to 280 K and cw up to 160 K. Lateral-mode confinement will lead to spectrally pure, single-mode output for chemical identification. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hughes Res Lab, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5600, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blue@tantalus.nrl.navy.mil RI Olafsen, Linda/G-4996-2013 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 20 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1502 EP 1505 DI 10.1364/AO.38.001502 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 175VT UT WOS:000079116900015 PM 18305773 ER PT J AU Lin, PP Andriasyan, MA Swartz, BA Witherspoon, N Holloway, JH AF Lin, PP Andriasyan, MA Swartz, BA Witherspoon, N Holloway, JH TI Multiwavelength output from a Nd : YAG/Cr : LiSAF hybrid laser SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID WAVELENGTH AB A prototype solid-state, multispectral hybrid laser has been designed and tested. The laser provides simultaneous outputs at several wavelengths. The hybrid-laser concept is based on the efficient use of flash-lamp-pump energy distributed between two complementary lasing materials, Nd:YAG and Cr: LiSAF, that share the same pump cavity. The prototype Q-switched hybrid laser provides dual-fundamental-wavelength output at 850 and 1064 nm as well as frequency-doubled output at 532 nm. The laser achieved 3.6% slope efficiency (combined) in ree-running operation and 2.4% when Q switched. Higher efficiencies can be obtained with improvements in laser crystal quality and pump cavity configuration. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. C1 Xybion Elect Syst Corp, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Lin, PP (reprint author), Xybion Elect Syst Corp, 8380 Miralani Dr, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. EM plin@xes.xybion.com NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 20 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1767 EP 1771 DI 10.1364/AO.38.001767 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 175VT UT WOS:000079116900044 PM 18305803 ER PT J AU De Grandi, S Bohringer, H Guzzo, L Molendi, S Chincarini, G Collins, C Cruddace, R Neumann, D Schindler, S Schuecker, P Voges, W AF De Grandi, S Bohringer, H Guzzo, L Molendi, S Chincarini, G Collins, C Cruddace, R Neumann, D Schindler, S Schuecker, P Voges, W TI A flux-limited sample of bright clusters of galaxies from the southern part of the ROSAT All-Sky Survey: The catalog and log N-log S-1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; surveys; X-rays : galaxies ID MEDIUM SENSITIVITY SURVEY; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; RICH CLUSTERS; ABELL CLUSTERS; NUMBER COUNTS; RADIO-SOURCES; REDSHIFTS; AMPLITUDE; EINSTEIN; DENSITY AB We describe the selection of an X-ray flux-limited sample of bright clusters of galaxies in the southern hemisphere, based on the first analysis of the ROSAT All-Sky Survey data (RASS1). The sample is constructed starting from an identification of candidate clusters in RASS1, after which their X-ray fluxes are remeasured using the steepness-ratio technique. This method is better suited than the RASS1 standard algorithm to measuring flux from extended sources. The final sample is count-rate-limited in the ROSAT hard band (0.5-2.0 keV), so that as a result of the distribution of N-H, its effective flux limit varies between similar to 3 and 4 x 10(-12) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) over the selected area. This covers the delta < 2 degrees.5 part of the south Galactic cap region (b < -20 degrees), excluding patches of low RASS1 exposure time and of the Magellanic Clouds area, for a total of 8235 deg(2). One hundred and thirty candidate sources fulfill our selection criteria for bona fide clusters of galaxies in this area. Of these, 101 are Abell/ACO clusters, while 29 do not have a counterpart in these catalogs. Of these clusters, 126 (97%) have a redshift, and for these we compute an X-ray luminosity. 20% of the cluster redshifts come from new observations, as part of the ESO Key Program survey of RASS clusters that is currently under completion. Considering the intrinsic biases and incompletenesses introduced by the flux selection and source identification processes, we estimate the overall completeness to be better than 90%. The observed number count distribution, log N-log S, is well fitted by a power law with slope alpha = 1.34 +/- 0.15 and normalization A = 11.87 +/- 1.04 sr(-1) (10(-11) ergs cm(-2) s(-1))(alpha), in good agreement with other measurements. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Osserv Astron Brera, I-22055 Merate, LC, Italy. CNR, Ist Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Liverpool L3 5AF, Merseyside, England. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20032 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP De Grandi, S (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85740 Garching, Germany. OI GUZZO, LUIGI/0000-0001-8264-5192; Molendi, Silvano/0000-0002-2483-278X NR 71 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 1999 VL 514 IS 1 BP 148 EP 163 DI 10.1086/306939 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 192BE UT WOS:000080057000014 ER PT J AU Mariska, JT McTiernan, JM AF Mariska, JT McTiernan, JM TI Hard and soft X-ray observations of occulted and nonocculted solar limb flares SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : flares; sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID BRAGG CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; A MISSION; CA-XIX; PLASMA; DYNAMICS; LINE; SATELLITE; EMISSION; BURST AB Using observations from the Yohkoh Bragg Crystal Spectrometer (BCS), the Soft X-Ray Telescope, and the Hard X-Ray Telescope, we have examined the properties of 45 limb flares. Twenty-eight of the flares appear to have most or all of their footpoints occulted by the solar limb, leaving only soft X-ray emission from a looptop source visible. The remaining 17 flares have exposed footpoints. In most observational characteristics, occulted limb flares are indistinguishable from nonocculted limb flares. There does appear to be some evidence that the peak temperature observed in the BCS Ca XIX; channel is lower by 2-3 MK in the occulted flares. We also see some tendency for the hard X-ray spectra averaged over the entire event to exhibit a softer spectral index in the occulted limb flares. Most of the flares for which it is possible to measure a peak in the Ca xa: nonthermal broadening velocity as a function of time show that the peak in the nonthermal broadening velocity occurs after the first significant hard X-ray peak. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mariska, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 1999 VL 514 IS 1 BP 484 EP 492 DI 10.1086/306927 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 192BE UT WOS:000080057000040 ER PT J AU Parker, SE Borellini, F Wenk, ML Hobart, P Hoffman, SL Hedstrom, R Le, T Norman, JA AF Parker, SE Borellini, F Wenk, ML Hobart, P Hoffman, SL Hedstrom, R Le, T Norman, JA TI Plasmid DNA malaria vaccine: Tissue distribution and safety studies in mice and rabbits SO HUMAN GENE THERAPY LA English DT Article ID CATIONIC LIPOSOME COMPLEXES; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; MARROW-DERIVED CELLS; GENE-TRANSFER INVIVO; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; VIRAL PROTEIN; MOUSE MUSCLE; INJECTION; EXPRESSION; THERAPY AB To evaluate the safety of a plasmid DNA vaccine, tissue distribution studies in mice and safety studies in mice and rabbits were conducted with VCL-2510, a plasmid DNA encoding the gene for the malaria circumsporozoite protein from Plasmodium falciparum (PfCSP). After intramuscular administration, VCL-2510 plasmid DNA was detected initially in all of the highly vascularized tissues, but at later time points was found primarily in the muscle at the site of injection, where it persisted for up to 8 weeks. After intravenous administration, plasmid DNA initially distributed at a relatively low frequency to all the tissues examined except the gonads and brain. However, plasmid DNA rapidly cleared, and by 4 weeks postadministration could be detected only in the lung of one of six animals evaluated. In a safety study in mice, eight repeated intramuscular injections of VCL-2510 at plasmid DNA doses of 1, 10, and 100 mu g had no adverse effects on clinical chemistry or hematology, and did not result in any organ pathology or systemic toxicity. In a safety study in rabbits, six repeated intramuscular injections of VCL-2510 at plasmid DNA doses of 0.15 and 0.45 mg had no discernible effects on clinical chemistry, hematology, or histopathology, No evidence of autoimmune-mediated pathology, anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), or antibodies to dsDNA were observed in the mouse or rabbit studies. C1 Vical Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. MA Bioserv Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Malaria Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Parker, SE (reprint author), 9373 Towne Ctr Dr,Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NR 44 TC 81 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1043-0342 J9 HUM GENE THER JI Hum. Gene Ther. PD MAR 20 PY 1999 VL 10 IS 5 BP 741 EP 758 DI 10.1089/10430349950018508 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 181EY UT WOS:000079429200006 PM 10210142 ER PT J AU Martin, T Parker, SE Hedstrom, R Le, T Hoffman, SL Norman, J Hobart, P Lew, D AF Martin, T Parker, SE Hedstrom, R Le, T Hoffman, SL Norman, J Hobart, P Lew, D TI Plasmid DNA malaria vaccine: The potential for genomic integration after intramuscular injection SO HUMAN GENE THERAPY LA English DT Article ID GENE-THERAPY; MOUSE MUSCLE; MICE; EXPRESSION AB Plasmid-based (naked DNA) genetic vaccines are now entering clinical trials to test their safety and efficacy in healthy human volunteers. A safety concern unique to this new class of vaccines is the potential risk of deleterious integration into host cell genomic DNA following direct intramuscular injection. To address this issue experimentally, a preclinical safety study was conducted in mice to determine the structural nature of plasmid DNA sequences persisting in total muscle DNA at both 30 and 60 days following a single intramuscular injection of a plasmid expressing the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein. In a protocol described for the first time, total DNA was extracted from muscle tissue and was subsequently linearized with a restriction endonuclease to enable agarose gel size fractionation of all extrachromosomal plasmid DNAs from high molecular weight mouse genomic DNA. Using PCR assays to quantitate plasmid-specific sequences, it was found that the amount of plasmid DNA persisting in muscle tissue varied but averaged about 10 fg per microgram of genomic DNA (in the range of 1500 copies per 150,000 genomes). In two of four separate experimental injections of mouse muscle, PCR assays of genomic DNA fractions indicated that agarose gel purification removed plasmid DNA down to a level of less than or equal to 3 copies per 150,000 mouse genomes. In the two other experimental samples, 3-30 copies of plasmid DNA remained associated with purified genomic DNA. The time following injection (i.e., 30 or 60 days) was not a factor in the number of copies of plasmid associating with genomic DNA and it was not possible to conclude if such sequences were covalently linked to genomic DNA or simply adventitiously associated with the genomic DNA. However, if an assumption is made that the highest level plasmid DNA found associated with genomic DNA (i.e., 30 copies) represented covalently integrated plasmid inserts and that each insert resulted in a mutational event, the calculated rate of mutation would be 3000 times less than the spontaneous mutation rate for mammalian genomes. This level of integration, if it should occur, was not considered to pose a significant safety concern. C1 Vical Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Malaria Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Martin, T (reprint author), 9373 Towne Ctr Dr, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NR 20 TC 106 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1043-0342 J9 HUM GENE THER JI Hum. Gene Ther. PD MAR 20 PY 1999 VL 10 IS 5 BP 759 EP 768 DI 10.1089/10430349950018517 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 181EY UT WOS:000079429200007 PM 10210143 ER PT J AU Smith, RW AF Smith, RW TI AUSM(ALE): A geometrically conservative arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian flux splitting scheme SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE flux splitting; arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian; geometric conservation law; underwater explosions ID BOUNDARY-PROBLEMS; MESHES; COMPUTATIONS; SOLVERS; SYSTEMS; GRIDS; LAWS AB A geometrically conservative one-dimensional (1D) arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) version of the advective upstream splitting method (AUSM) shock capturing scheme is presented, The spatial discretization is based on a modified form of AUSM which splits the flux vector according to the eigenvalues of the compressible Euler system in ALE form and recovers the original flux vector splitting in the absence of grid movement, The generalized form of AUSM is given the name AUSM(ALE), Extension to second-order accuracy is achieved by a piecewise linear reconstruction of the dependent variables with total variation diminishing limiting of slopes, The ALE formulation is completed by incorporating an implicit time-averaged normals form of the geometric conservation law for cylindrically and spherically symmetric time-dependent finite volumes which is valid for any two-level time-integration method, The effectiveness of the method for both fixed and moving grids is demonstrated via several 1D test problems including a standard shock tube problem and an infinite strength reflected shock problem, The method is then applied to a benchmark spherically symmetric underwater explosion problem to demonstrate the efficacy of the numerical procedure for problems of this type. In the two-phase detonation problem the spherical surface separating the expanding detonation-products gas bubble and the surrounding water is explicitly tracked as a Lagrangian surface using AUSM(ALE) in conjunction with appropriate equations of state describing the detonation-products gas and water phases, The basic features of the spherically symmetric detonation problem are discussed such as shock/free-surface interaction and late rime hydrodynamics. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Smith, RW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 30 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 20 PY 1999 VL 150 IS 1 BP 268 EP 286 DI 10.1006/jcph.1998.6180 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 178XD UT WOS:000079293700011 ER PT J AU O'Sullivan, DW Heikes, BG Lee, M Chang, W Gregory, GL Blake, DR Sachse, GW AF O'Sullivan, DW Heikes, BG Lee, M Chang, W Gregory, GL Blake, DR Sachse, GW TI Distribution of hydrogen peroxide and methylhydroperoxide over the Pacific and South Atlantic Oceans SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PEROXYACETIC ACID; BOUNDARY-LAYER; HYDROPEROXIDES; OZONE; TROPOSPHERE; OXIDATION; SULFUR AB The gas phase hydrogen peroxide and methylhydroperoxide concentrations were measured in the troposphere over the tropical Pacific Ocean as a component of NASA's Global Tropospheric Experiment/Pacific Exploratory Mission-Tropics A field campaign. Flights on two aircraft covered the Pacific from 70 degrees S to 60 degrees N and 110 degrees E to 80 degrees W and South Atlantic from 40 degrees S to 15 degrees N and 45 degrees W to 70 degrees E, and extending from 76 to 13,000 m altitude. H2O2 and CH3OOH have the highest concentrations at a given altitude at the equator and decrease with increasing latitude in both the northern and southern hemispheres. Above 4 km the gradient is substantially reduced for both H2O2 and CH3OOH with latitude, and at altitudes in excess of 8 km there is no latitudinal dependence. H2O2 and CH3OOH exhibit maximum mixing ratios between 1 and 2 km at all latitudes. The mean mixing ratio of H2O2 at the equator was 1600 +/- 600 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) decreasing to 500 +/- 250 pptv at latitudes greater than 550 north and south between 1 and 2 km altitude. CH3OOH at the equator was 1400 +/- 250 pptv, decreasing to 330 +/- 200 pptv at high latitudes at altitudes between 1 and 2 km. The concentration of peroxides at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere was generally a factor of 2 higher than at corresponding latitudes in the southern hemisphere. The ratio of H2O2 to CH3OOH was between 1 and 2 from 45 degrees S to 35 degrees N at altitudes below 4 km. Between 5 degrees to 15 degrees N the ratio is less than 1, due to preferential removal of H2O2 in the Intertropical Convergence Zone. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Chem Studies, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP O'Sullivan, DW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM dano@brass.nadn.navy.mil OI O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 NR 33 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 20 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D5 BP 5635 EP 5646 DI 10.1029/98JD01250 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 177WV UT WOS:000079234800013 ER PT J AU Kub, FJ Hobart, KD Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW AF Kub, FJ Hobart, KD Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW TI Single-crystal ferroelectric microwave capacitor fabricated by separation by hydrogen implantation SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTILAYER AB Microwave ferroelectric capacitors have been fabricated using separation by hydrogen ion implantation and transfer of a 500nm thick single-crystal SrTiO3 layer to an insulating dass substrate. The capacitor films are of high quality with a measured quality factor of nearly 100 at 10GHz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kub, FJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6813,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAR 18 PY 1999 VL 35 IS 6 BP 477 EP 478 DI 10.1049/el:19990354 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 183ZZ UT WOS:000079586000029 ER PT J AU Normark, JW Williams, RF Hostettler, CF Ramey, M Moran, EL AF Normark, JW Williams, RF Hostettler, CF Ramey, M Moran, EL TI Redefining the practice of military pharmacy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Article ID IMPERFECT WORLD; MEDICATION USE; PUBLIC-POLICY; ISSUE; CARE AB Pharmacists throughout the U.S. health care system must keep pace with change or face being left behind. To move military pharmacists from a primarily distributive role to a clinical one, the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs directed the Department of Defense Pharmacy Board of Directors to develop a plan to redefine the role of military pharmacists and technicians in ambulatory care. That document, summarized here, describes the future roles of military pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. The document was prepared with input from pharmacists and technicians, officers and enlisted members, working in day-to-day pharmacy operations. The complete document can be obtained by contacting Colonel James W. Normark, 1050 W. Perimeter Road, Andrews Air Force Base, MD 20762 (normaj@mgmc.af.mil). C1 USAF, Biomed Sci Corps Pharm, Andrews AFB, MD 20331 USA. USA, Med Command, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. USN, BUMED, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. US Coast Guard, Washington, DC 20593 USA. US Dept Def, Pharmacoecon Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Normark, JW (reprint author), USAF, Biomed Sci Corps Pharm, Andrews AFB, MD 20331 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 56 IS 6 BP 568 EP 571 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 178VL UT WOS:000079289800021 PM 10192694 ER PT J AU Mason, W Waterman, JR AF Mason, W Waterman, JR TI Electrical and optical characteristics of two color mid wave HgCdTe infrared detectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Two-color mid wave triple-layer heterojunction HgCdTe detectors were studied using temperature-dependent current-voltage (I-V) measurements, temperature-dependent spectral response measurements, and temperature-dependent noise measurements. The reverse biased dark current shows diffusion-limited behavior for T>125 K. The same data show evidence for generation-recombination-type behavior for the longer wavelength junction at temperatures between 100 and 125 K. For temperatures less than 100 K, the measurements are background limited by photon flux, even though these measurements are performed at nominal zero background. The upper junction shows soft reverse breakdown voltages on the order of about 250 mV, while the bottom junction shows no breakdown for V<500 mV. At 80 K, the R(0)A product is in excess of 1 x 10(6) Omega cm(2). In forward bias, the current-voltage characteristics of the lower junction are diffusion limited for all temperatures, while at lower temperatures, the upper junction showed generation-recombination behavior. Optical measurements found a cutoff wavelength of about 4 mu m for the lower junction and about 4.5 mu m for the upper junction. The spectral crosstalk was less than 3%. At 80 K, the frequency-dependent noise of the shorter wavelength junction showed no dependence on bias, while for the longer wavelength junction, the noise at lower frequencies increased with bias. There is no difference in the noise characteristics when either the photon flux or the temperature is increased. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)01511-9]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mason, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1633 EP 1635 DI 10.1063/1.123640 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 175DT UT WOS:000079078200043 ER PT J AU Prakash, AMC Stellman, CM Booksh, KS AF Prakash, AMC Stellman, CM Booksh, KS TI Optical regression: a method for improving quantitative precision of multivariate prediction with single channel spectrometers SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE multivariate calibration; variable selection; variable weighting; data collection; prediction errors ID ACOUSTOOPTIC TUNABLE FILTER; SELECTION AB 'Optical regression' (OR) is presented as a method for improving the quantitative precision of scanning and filter wheel process analyzers. OR combines analog variable selection and optimization of signal to noise measurements under constrained total measurement time to maximize the precision of prediction in multivariate analysis. With optical regression, the regression vector is employed as a template to optimize the data collection lime at each wavelength of the unknown spectra. Implicitly, this performs the dot product of the spectrum and regression vector by electronically integrating the signal of the detector instead of performing the mathematical operations in the computer following digitization of the spectrum. The theory of optical regression is developed and the expected precision of optical regression is shown to be superior to the expected precision of digital regression. This conclusion is supported by Monte Carlo simulations with three types of random errors. Further support is supplied by quantitation of three fluorescent dyes with a fiber optic fluorescence spectrometer, (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN, Res Lab, Sensor & Data Anal Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prakash, AMC (reprint author), Three Five Syst Inc, Liquid Crystal Display Res & Dev Lab, 1600 N Desert Dr, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 46 IS 2 BP 265 EP 274 DI 10.1016/S0169-7439(98)00176-2 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA 171WY UT WOS:000078888200013 ER PT J AU Parker, S Braisted, J Forcino, D AF Parker, S Braisted, J Forcino, D TI A reliable indicator for the onset of central nervous system oxygen toxicity. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 5 SU S BP A1089 EP A1089 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 228JG UT WOS:000082132902552 ER PT J AU McCarley, JS Krebs, WK Sinai, MJ AF McCarley, JS Krebs, WK Sinai, MJ TI Target detection in image-intensified visible light and longwave infrared nighttime imagery SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 40 IS 4 MA 200B160 BP S38 EP S38 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 178MF UT WOS:000079269200201 ER PT J AU Fontanella, JJ Wintersgill, MC Immel, JJ AF Fontanella, JJ Wintersgill, MC Immel, JJ TI Dynamics in propylene carbonate and propylene carbonate containing LiPF6 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; OXIDE COPOLYMER NETWORKS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; COMPLEX IMPEDANCE; FORMING LIQUIDS; NMR; SODIUM; DSC; VISCOSITY AB Electrical conductivity and differential scanning calorimetry studies (DSC) have been carried out on 1 M LiPF6 in propylene carbonate (PC) from 187 to 296 K. The electrical conductivity data are analyzed in terms of Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher (VTF), Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF), and Bendler-Shlesinger (BENSH) formalisms. In addition, literature data for viscosity and relaxation times for PC (not containing salt) are analyzed using the same formalisms. Large, systematic variations are found in both the VTF and WLF fitting parameters with temperature interval. The large variation of the parameters with temperature demonstrates the failure of both formalisms and shows that care must be taken when utilizing the VTF/WLF parameters to draw conclusions concerning the behavior of systems. One conclusion which can be reached is that the VTF results indicate a significant difference between the molecular motions in PC and PC-containing LiPF6. Another is that the WLF parameter C-1 is about 11 for low temperature data, referenced to the DSC glass transition temperature, T-g, which shows that for PC and PC- based liquids the value of all three dynamical quantities at T-g is about 11 decades smaller than the value predicted for very high temperatures. Finally, all data are found to be better fit by the BENSH equation. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)51411-6]. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fontanella, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 110 IS 11 BP 5392 EP 5402 DI 10.1063/1.478434 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 174AP UT WOS:000079012200043 ER PT J AU Ly, LN Luong, P AF Ly, LN Luong, P TI Numerical grids used in a coastal ocean model with breaking wave effects SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE numerical grid generation; nearly orthogonal grids; multi-block grids; grids in ocean modeling; coastal ocean system; ocean circulation modeling; breaking wave effects; mathematical modeling ID LAYER AB In coastal ocean modeling, traditional single-block rectangular (Cartesian) grids have been most commonly used for their simplicity. In many cases, these grids may be not well suited (even at very high resolutions) for regions with complicated physical fields, open boundaries, coastlines, and bottom bathymetry. The numerical curvilinear nearly orthogonal/orthogonal, single/multi-block coastline-following grids for the Mediterranean Sea, Monterey Bay and the South China Sea (SCS) are presented. These grids can be used in coastal ocean modeling to enhance model numerical solutions and save computer resources by giving better treatment of regions with high gradients such as areas of complicated coastlines and steep slopes of shelf breaks, complicated bottom topography, open boundaries, and multi-scale physical phenomenon. Grid generation techniques are used to designed these grids. This kind of grids can also easily increase horizontal resolutions in the subregion of the model domain, without increasing the computational expense, with a higher resolution over the entire domain. A three dimensional coastal ocean model with breaking wave effects is also presented and applied. The ocean system is a primitive equation modeling system with grid generation routines and a turbulent closure which is capable of taking surface breaking wave effects into account. The system also includes a grid package which allows model numerical grids to be coupled with the ocean model. The model code is written for multi-block grids, but a single-block grid is used for the South China Sea (SCS). The model with breaking wave effects and a grid of 121x121 grid points are used to simulate the winter circulation of the SCS as an example. The model output of the 60-day run shows the observed upwelling locations in the sea surface salinity field. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM lely@nps.navy.mil NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 1 BP 125 EP 137 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 176FC UT WOS:000079139800012 ER PT J AU St Louis, DC Woodcock, JB Fransozo, G Blair, PJ Carlson, LM Murillo, M Wells, MR Williams, AJ Smoot, DS Kaushal, S Grimes, JL Harlan, DM Chute, JP June, CH Siebenlist, U Lee, KP AF St Louis, DC Woodcock, JB Fransozo, G Blair, PJ Carlson, LM Murillo, M Wells, MR Williams, AJ Smoot, DS Kaushal, S Grimes, JL Harlan, DM Chute, JP June, CH Siebenlist, U Lee, KP TI Evidence for distinct intracellular signaling pathways in CD34(+) progenitor to dendritic cell differentiation from a human cell line model SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MOUSE BONE-MARROW; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONOCYTES; ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA; RESISTANT SUBLINE KG-1A; PHORBOL ESTER RECEPTOR; NF-KAPPA-B; LANGERHANS CELLS AB Intracellular signals that mediate differentiation of pluripotent hemopoietic progenitors to dendritic cells (DC) are largely undefined. We have previously shown that protein kinase C (PKC) activation (with phorbol ester (PMA) alone) specifically induces differentiation of primary human CD34(+) hemopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) to mature DC. We now find that cytokine-driven (granulocyte-macrophage CSF and TNF-alpha) CD34(+) HPC --> DC differentiation is preferentially blocked by inhibitors of PKC activation. To further identify intracellular signals and downstream events important in CD34(+) HPC --> DC differentiation we have characterized a human leukemic cell line model of this process. The CD34(+) myelomonocytic cell line KG1 differentiates into dendritic-like cells in response to granulocyte-macrophage CSF plus TNF-alpha, or PMA (with or without the calcium ionophore ionomycin, or TNF-alpha), with different stimuli mediating different aspects of the process. Phenotypic DC characteristics of KG1 dendritic-like cells include morphology (loosely adherent cells with long neurite processes), MHC I+/MHC IIbright/CD83(+)/CD86(+)/CD14(-) surface Ag expression, and RelB and DC-CK1 gene expression. Functional DC characteristics include fluid phase macromolecule uptake (FITC-dextran) and activation of resting T cells. Comparison of KG1 to the PMA-unresponsive subline KG1a reveals differences in expression of TNF receptors 1 and 2; PKC isoforms alpha, beta I, beta II, and mu; and RelB, suggesting that these components/pathways are important for DC differentiation. Together, these findings demonstrate that cytokine or phorbol ester stimulation of KG1 is a model of human CD34(+) HPC to DC differentiation and suggest that specific intracellular signaling pathways mediate specific events in DC lineage commitment. C1 USN, Immune Cell Biol Program, Immune Suppress Branch, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, US Mil HIV Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NIAID, Immunoregulat Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Internal Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Lee, KP (reprint author), USN, Immune Cell Biol Program, Immune Suppress Branch, Med Res Inst, Bldg 17,Room 214,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM leek@nmripo.nmri.nnmc.navy.mil NR 77 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 162 IS 6 BP 3237 EP 3248 PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 175QB UT WOS:000079105000017 PM 10092775 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI Removal of cooperativity in glass-forming materials to reveal the primitive alpha-relaxation of the coupling model SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Non-Equilibrium Phenomena in Supercooled Fluids, Gasses and Amorphous Materials CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 1998 CL PISA, ITALY ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; DEPOLARIZED-LIGHT-SCATTERING; CHARACTERISTIC LENGTH; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; O-TERPHENYL; TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE; POLYMERS AB The microscopic short time dynamics of glass-forming materials seen by quasielastic neutron scattering, dynamic light scattering, high frequency dielectric relaxation and molecular dynamics simulation in the picosecond region show the existence of the primitive relaxation, exp(-t/tau(0)), for t < t(c), where t(c) approximate to 2 ps is the cross-over time of the coupling model. However, such an interpretation is not unique because the same data have also been considered to be evidence of the fast beta-relaxation of the model coupling theory. An apparently unique test of the coupling model is via the macroscopic long time relaxation data of ortho-terphenyl confined in nanometre glass pores with a size that is smaller than the length-scale of cooperative motions of the molecules. Under this condition, motions of the majority of the molecules cease to be cooperative and the experimentally observed relaxation time is the primitive relaxation time, so, of the coupling model. On the other hand, tau(0) can also be obtained from relaxation data of bulk Qrtho-terphenyl fitted to a stretched exponential correlation function, exp[-(t/tau)(1-n)], by the relation tau = [t(c)(-n)tau(0)](1/(1-n)) of the coupling model. Good agreement found between these two independently determined values of so provides strong support of the coupling model. A similar test of the coupling model is to compare the Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation time, t(beta), with the calculated tau(0) at temperatures above the glass transition temperature. Both the beta-relaxation and the primitive relaxation time being noncooperative in nature implies that tau(beta) is comparable in order of magnitude to that of the calculated to, which is shown to be true for the fragile glass-former ortho-terphenyl as well as a non-fragile glass-former, cyclo-octanol. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 65 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 11 IS 10A BP A119 EP A130 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/11/10A/007 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 181PB UT WOS:000079449400007 ER PT J AU Petrovic, JJ Vasudevan, AK AF Petrovic, JJ Vasudevan, AK TI Key developments in high temperature structural silicides SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation High Temperature Structural Silicides Conference CY MAY 25-29, 1998 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS DE structural silicides; silicon-based ceramics; MoSi2 ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; MOSI2; BEHAVIOR AB Significant progress has been made in the past few years in both the scientific understanding of high temperature structural silicides and in their technological development. This overview highlights key aspects of this structural silicide research and development, in the areas of materials, composites, and applications. Silicide materials discussed are MoSi2, Mo5Si3, Mo<5Si3C<1, Ti5Si3, and C40 type silicides. Results on MoSi2-Si3N4, MoSi2-SiC, MoSi2-Al2O3, and MoSi2-Si3N4-SiC composites ape summarized. Finally, selected applications in glass processing, wear resistance, diesel engine glow plugs, and aerospace components are described. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Off Naval Res, Div Mat Sci, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Petrovic, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 202 Z9 254 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 261 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)01043-0 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 176KY UT WOS:000079151300002 ER PT J AU Vasudevan, AK Petrovic, JJ Fishman, SG Sorrell, CA Nathal, MV AF Vasudevan, AK Petrovic, JJ Fishman, SG Sorrell, CA Nathal, MV TI Proceedings of the Engineering Foundation High Temperature Structural Silicides Conference, 25-29 May 1998, Hyannis, Massachusetts SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Vasudevan, AK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 261 IS 1-2 BP IX EP IX PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 176KY UT WOS:000079151300001 ER PT J AU Sadananda, K Feng, CR Mitra, R Deevi, SC AF Sadananda, K Feng, CR Mitra, R Deevi, SC TI Creep and fatigue properties of high temperature silicides and their composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation High Temperature Structural Silicides Conference CY MAY 25-29, 1998 CL HYANNIS, MA DE molybdenum disilicide; creep of silicides; fatigue of silicides; grain size effects on creep; reinforcement effects on creep; intermetallics; ceramics ID CRACK GROWTH-BEHAVIOR; MOLYBDENUM DISILICIDE; GRAIN-SIZE; MOSI2; INTERMETALLICS; BERYLLIDE; FRACTURE AB A review of creep and fatigue behavior of high temperature silicides and their composites is presented along with new results pertaining to titanium silicides and functionally graded materials. The emphasis was placed on the molybdenum disilicides and their composites in comparison to other silicides and high temperature ceramics. It was shown that the grain size effects on creep are significant in these materials. The effects were present not only in the Newtonian creep but persists even in the power-law creep, with grain size exponents of the order of 4.2. Factors that influenced the grain size effects were examined. This anomalous behavior, which appeared to be exhibited by some stoichiometric intermetallics, could not be explained by the currently known theories of grain boundary creep. Effects of alloying and reinforcement on creep rates were also discussed. The creep rates in other high temperature silicides were compared. It was shown that molybdenum disilicide with silicon nitride has a potential for high temperature applications in terms of its creep and oxidation resistance, although its creep resistance appears to be much less than that of an advanced Si3N4, such as AS800. Published results on fatigue crack growth in MoSi2 and its composites were analyzed using the recently developed Unified Approach for Fatigue. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Def Met Res Lab, Hyderabad 500258, Andhra Pradesh, India. Philip Morris Inc, Res Ctr, Richmond, VA USA. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6323, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sadananda@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 48 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 261 IS 1-2 BP 223 EP 238 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)01070-3 PG 16 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 176KY UT WOS:000079151300029 ER PT J AU Kowalik, RW Hebsur, MG AF Kowalik, RW Hebsur, MG TI Cyclic oxidation study of MoSi2-Si3N4 base composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation High Temperature Structural Silicides Conference CY MAY 25-29, 1998 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS DE composites; cyclic oxidation; thermal shock resistance ID MOSI2-BASED COMPOSITES AB A series of MoSi2-Si3N4 base composites was evaluated for potential Navy gas turbine engine applications. The composites underwent cyclic oxidation testing to determine their oxidation and thermal shock resistance. Specimens were exposed to 900 degrees C for 55 min followed by a 5 min air-cool. After 500 cycles, the specimens were examined for phase transformations, weight and elemental changes. and thermal shock resistance. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Mission Av Technol Dept 4 3 4, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Kowalik, RW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Mission Av Technol Dept 4 3 4, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 261 IS 1-2 BP 300 EP 303 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 176KY UT WOS:000079151300038 ER PT J AU Poweleit, CD Hodges, AR Sun, TB Smith, LM Jonker, BT AF Poweleit, CD Hodges, AR Sun, TB Smith, LM Jonker, BT TI Exciton spin thermalization in strained and relaxed Zn1-xMnxSe epilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM-WELLS; POLARIZATION SPECTROSCOPY; RELAXATION DYNAMICS; FIELD DEPENDENCE; FLIP SCATTERING; FREE-CARRIERS; SUPERLATTICES; HETEROSTRUCTURES; TIMES; ZNSE AB We use polarized time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy to study the thermalization of nonequilibrium spin populations of excitons in Zn1-xMnxSe epilayers. A comparison of results from strained and relaxed epilayers shows that the exciton spin-relaxation rate is strongly affected by the degeneracy of the hole bands in these materials. Through rate equation analysis, we find that in relaxed Zn1-xMnxSe epilayers (with degenerate light- and heavy-hole bands) the spin-relaxation rate is rapid, less than 5 ps. Thus, the spin populations are determined solely by the thermal temperature of the excitons within their parabolic bands. In contrast, similar measurements in strained epilayers where the light- and heavy-hole degeneracy is lifted show that the exciton spin-relaxation rate is nearly three orders-of-magnitude slower, with a spin-relaxation time greater than 1 ns. We suggest that the strong decoupling of the exciton spin states from the lattice is caused by exciton localization in these epilayers. [S0163-1829(99)01811-1]. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Poweleit, CD (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Smith, Leigh/A-1071-2009 OI Smith, Leigh/0000-0002-3950-1713 NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 11 BP 7610 EP 7619 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.7610 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 182PQ UT WOS:000079507700060 ER PT J AU Nunes, RW Mazin, II Singh, DJ AF Nunes, RW Mazin, II Singh, DJ TI Theoretical search for Chevrel-phase-based thermoelectric materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We investigate the thermoelectric properties of some semiconducting Chevrel phases. Band-structure calculations are used to compute thermopowers and to estimate the effects of alloying and disorder on carrier mobility. Alloying on the Mo site with transition metals like Re, Ru, or Tc to reach a semiconducting composition causes large changes in the electronic structure at the Fermi level. Such alloys are thus expected to have low-carrier mobilities. Filling with transition metals was also found to be incompatible with high thermoelectric performance based on the calculated electronic structures Filling with simple metals, like Zn, Cu, and especially with Li was found to be favorable. The calculated electronic structures of these filled Chevrel phases are consistent with low scattering of carriers by defects associated with the filling. We expect reasonable mobility and high thermopower in materials with compositions near (Li,Cu)(4)Mo6Se8. [S0163-1829(99)06211-6]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Nunes, RW (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Fis, CP 702, BR-30161970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Nunes, Ricardo Wagner/M-9974-2014 OI Nunes, Ricardo Wagner/0000-0003-2810-8649 NR 19 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 12 BP 7969 EP 7972 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.7969 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 182TM UT WOS:000079514300032 ER PT J AU Capinski, WS Maris, HJ Ruf, T Cardona, M Ploog, K Katzer, DS AF Capinski, WS Maris, HJ Ruf, T Cardona, M Ploog, K Katzer, DS TI Thermal-conductivity measurements of GaAs/AlAs superlattices using a picosecond optical pump-and-probe technique SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SHORT-PERIOD SUPERLATTICES; QUANTUM-WELLS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; THIN-FILMS; SOLIDS; GROWTH; ULTRASONICS; DIFFUSIVITY; INTERFACES; TRANSPORT AB We present measurements of the lattice thermal conductivity K-perpendicular to, normal to the interfaces of (GaAs)(n)/(AlAs)(n) superlattices with n between 1 and 40 monolayers. The conductivity was measured by an optical pump-and-probe technique in the temperature range of 100 to 375 K. In the experiment, an Al film is deposited onto a superlattice sample, and the rate at which this film cools by conduction into the superlattice is determined. We find a general decrease in K, with a reduction of the superlattice period. At 300 K, K, of the (GaAs)(40)/(AlAs)(40) superlattice is approximately three times less than kappa of bulk GaAs, and kappa(perpendicular to) of the (GaAs)(1)/(AlAs)(1) superlattice is an order of magnitude less than kappa of bulk GaAs. We discuss the decrease in kappa(perpendicular to) compared to the bulk constituents in terms of extrinsic and intrinsic scattering mechanisms. [S0163-1829(99)05611-8]. C1 Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Capinski, WS (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 44 TC 267 Z9 274 U1 6 U2 61 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 12 BP 8105 EP 8113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.8105 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 182TM UT WOS:000079514300050 ER PT J AU Wohlever, JC AF Wohlever, JC TI Some computational aspects of a group theoretic finite element approach to the buckling and postbuckling analyses of plates and shells-of-revolution SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRY-BREAKING BIFURCATION; BLOCK-DIAGONALIZATION; GLOBAL BIFURCATION; POINTS AB Progress in the application of group theoretic methods to the nonlinear bifurcation analysis of symmetric structures has provided new hope in understanding the global postbuckling behavior of symmetric thin shell structures. However, what is still lacking in the computational mechanics community is a general purpose FE code with a group theoretic capability designed to take 'optimal' advantage of existing symmetry. This paper addresses some of the important issues associated with developing such a code-the long term goal being to provide structural analysts with new numerical tools for doing careful global analyses of imperfection sensitive structures which may eventually lead to more accurate predictions of the maximum load-carrying capacity of thin imperfection sensitive shell structures. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Wohlever, JC (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 170 IS 3-4 BP 373 EP 406 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(98)00204-7 PG 34 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 182DW UT WOS:000079484100012 ER PT J AU Charest, H Sedegah, M Yap, G Gazzinelli, RT Caspar, P Hoffman, SL Sher, A AF Charest, H Sedegah, M Yap, G Gazzinelli, RT Caspar, P Hoffman, SL Sher, A TI Th1 biased immune responses against malaria circum sporozoite protein induced by a stably transfected Toxoplasma gondii avirulent line. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A633 EP A633 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033303650 ER PT J AU Fahlman, A Kayar, SR Lin, WC Whitman, WB AF Fahlman, A Kayar, SR Lin, WC Whitman, WB TI Lower risk of decompression sickness in pigs given H-2-metabolizing microbes prior to dives in H-2. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Fahlman, Andreas/A-2901-2011 OI Fahlman, Andreas/0000-0002-8675-6479 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A408 EP A408 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033302354 ER PT J AU Kayar, SR Fahlman, A AF Kayar, SR Fahlman, A TI Decompression sickness rise reduced by H-2 metabolism of native intestinal flora in pigs during H-2 dives. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RI Fahlman, Andreas/A-2901-2011 OI Fahlman, Andreas/0000-0002-8675-6479 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A408 EP A408 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033302353 ER PT J AU Wiercigroch, M Badiey, M Simmen, J Cheng, AHD AF Wiercigroch, M Badiey, M Simmen, J Cheng, AHD TI Non-linear dynamics of underwater acoustics SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID OCEAN; PROPAGATION; OSCILLATORS; TOMOGRAPHY; WAVES AB The non-linear dynamic behavior of acoustic wave propagation in an underwater sound channel, described by the Munk's classical sound speed profile perturbed by a single-mode internal wave, is studied using a parabolic ray theory. The amplitude and wavelength of this single-mode wave are used as the branching parameters in bifurcation analysis. The phase plane trajectory of the ray-based system can be periodic, quasi-periodic, and unstable. The regions of instability, located numerically via the bifurcation diagrams, are examined through a sequence of phase diagrams and Poincare maps. Charts showing the maximum uninterrupted propagation distance reveal instances of anomalous vertical scattering of sound energy. Floquet multipliers were used to investigate instability of periodic orbits. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Univ Aberdeen, Dept Engn, Kings Coll, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine Studies, Ocean Acoust Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Off Naval Res, Ocean Acoust Program, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Wiercigroch, M (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Dept Engn, Kings Coll, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. RI Wiercigroch, Marian/A-1021-2008; Cheng, Alexander/A-2765-2008; Badiey, Mohsen/H-3943-2012 OI Cheng, Alexander/0000-0001-5137-000X; NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD MAR 11 PY 1999 VL 220 IS 5 BP 771 EP 786 DI 10.1006/jsvi.1998.1999 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 170YV UT WOS:000078835600001 ER PT J AU Brenizer, JS Berger, H Gibbs, KM Mengers, P Stebbings, CT Polansky, D Rogerson, DJ AF Brenizer, JS Berger, H Gibbs, KM Mengers, P Stebbings, CT Polansky, D Rogerson, DJ TI Development of a new electronic neutron imaging system SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Topical Meeting on Neutron Radiolography CY MAR 16-19, 1998 CL LUZERN, SWITZERLAND SP Ask Corp, Fuji Photo Film, N-Ray, SODERN DE neutron imaging; neutron camera; thermal neutron; fast neutron; real-time imaging ID RADIOGRAPHY; NOISE AB An electronic neutron imaging camera system was developed for use with thermal, epithermal, and fast neutrons in applications that include nondestructive inspection of explosives, corrosion, turbine blades, electronics, low Z components, etc. The neutron images are expected to provide information to supplement that available from X-ray tests. The primary camera image area was a 30 x 30 cm field-of-view with a spatial resolution approaching 1.6 line pairs/mm (lp/mm). The camera had a remotely changeable second lens to limit the field-of-view to 7.6 x 7.6 cm for high spatial resolution (at least 4 lp/mm) thermal neutron imaging, but neutron and light scatter will limit resolution for fast neutrons to about 0.5 lp/mm. Remote focus capability enhanced camera set-up for optimum operation. The 75 dB dynamic range camera system included Li-6-based screens for imaging of thermal and epithermal neutrons and ZnS(Ag)-based screens for fast neutron imaging. The fast optics was input to a Super S-25 Gen TI image intensifier, fiber optically coupled to a 1134 (h) x 486 (v) frame transfer CCD camera. The camera system was designed to be compatible with a Navy-sponsored accelerator neutron source. The planned neutron source is an RF quadrupole accelerator that will provide a fast neutron flux of 10(7) n/cm(2)-s (at a source distance of 1 m) at an energy of about 2.2 MeV and a thermal neutron flux of 10(6) n/cm(2)-s at a source LID ratio of 30. The electronic camera produced good quality real-time images at these neutron levels. On-chip integration could be used to improve image quality for low flux situations. The camera and accelerator combination provided a useful non-reactor neutron inspection system. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Ind Qual Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Paultek Syst Inc, Nevada City, CA USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA USA. RP Brenizer, JS (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Thornton Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 1999 VL 424 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01294-7 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 178HX UT WOS:000079261200003 ER PT J AU Ettenberg, SA Keane, MM Nau, MM Frankel, M Wang, LM Pierce, JH Lipkowitz, S AF Ettenberg, SA Keane, MM Nau, MM Frankel, M Wang, LM Pierce, JH Lipkowitz, S TI cbl-b inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor signaling SO ONCOGENE LA English DT Article DE cbl proteins; EGF receptor; signal transduction ID PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS; PROTOONCOGENE C-CBL; EGF RECEPTOR; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; V-CBL; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; HEMATOPOIETIC-CELLS; T-CELLS; KINASE; ACTIVATION AB The role of cbl-b in signaling by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR),vas studied and compared with c-cbl, We demonstrate in vivo, that chl-b, like c-cbl, is phosphorylated and recruited to the EGFR upon EGF stimulation and both cbl proteins can bind to the Grb2 adaptor protein, To investigate the functional role of chi proteins in EGFR signaling, we transfected cbl-b or c-cbl into 32D cells overexpressing the EGFR (32D/EGFR), This cell line is absolutely dependent on exogenous IL-3 or EGF for sustained growth. 32D/EGFR cells overexpressing cbl-b showed markedly inhibited growth in EGF compared to c-cbl transfectants and vector controls, This growth inhibition by cbl-b was the result of a dramatic increase in the number of cells undergoing apoptosis, Consistent with this finding, chl-b overexpression markedly decreased the amplitude and duration of AKT activation upon EGF stimulation compared to either vector controls or c-cbl overexpressing cells. In addition, the duration of EGF mediated MAP kinase and Jun kinase activation in cells overespressing cbl-b is shortened. These data demonstrate that cbl-b inhibits EGF-induced cell growth and that cbl-b and c-cbl have distinct roles in EGF mediated signaling. C1 USN Hosp, NCI, Med Branch, Dept Genet, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. NCI, Mol & Cellular Biol Lab, Div Basic Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Lipkowitz, S (reprint author), USN Hosp, NCI, Med Branch, Dept Genet, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 46 TC 84 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0950-9232 J9 ONCOGENE JI Oncogene PD MAR 11 PY 1999 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1855 EP 1866 DI 10.1038/sj.onc.1202499 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 175JM UT WOS:000079090000009 PM 10086340 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Chiang, J Bottcher, M AF Dermer, CD Chiang, J Bottcher, M TI Fireball loading and the blast-wave model of gamma-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID OPTICAL COUNTERPART; HIGH-ENERGY; TRANSIENTS; AFTERGLOW; EMISSION; SEARCH; BATSE; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; TELESCOPE AB A simple function for the spectral power P(epsilon, t) = nu L(nu) is proposed to model, with nine parameters, the spectral and temporal evolution of the observed nonthermal synchrotron power flux from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the blast-wave model. Here epsilon = h nu/m(e)c(2) is the observed dimensionless photon energy, and t is the observing time. Assumptions and an issue of lack of self-consistency are spelled out. The spectra are found to be most sensitive to baryon loading, expressed in terms of the initial bulk Lorentz factor Gamma(0) and an equipartition term a, which is assumed to be constant in time and independent of Gamma(0). Expressions are given for the peak spectral power P-p(t) = P(epsilon(p), t) at the photon energy epsilon = epsilon(p)(t) of the spectral power peak. A general rule is that the total fireball particle kinetic energy E-0 similar to II0 t(d), where t(d) proportional to oc Gamma(0)(-) (8/3) is the deceleration timescale, and II0 = P(epsilon(p), t(d)) proportional to Gamma(0)(8/3) is the maximum measured bolometric power output in radiation during which it is carried primarily by photons with energy (0) = epsilon(p)(t(d)) proportional to q Gamma(0)(4). This rule governs the general behavior of fireballs with different baryon loading. Clean fireballs with small baryon loading (Gamma(0) much greater than 300) are intense, subsecond, medium-to-high-energy gamma-ray events and are difficult to detect because of dead time and sensitivity limitations of previous gamma-ray detectors like EGRET on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. Dirty fireballs with large baryon loading (Gamma(0) much less than 300) produce transient emissions that are longer lasting and most luminous at X-ray energies and below, but these events are lost behind the glow of the X-ray and lower energy background radiations, except for rare serendipitous detections by pointed instruments. The correlation between hardness and duration of loaded GRB fireballs (100 less than or similar to Gamma(0) less than or similar to 1000) follows from this rule. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Space Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 70 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 513 IS 2 BP 656 EP 668 DI 10.1086/306871 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 187YG UT WOS:000079816000013 ER PT J AU Ray, A Harding, AK Strickman, M AF Ray, A Harding, AK Strickman, M TI Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observation of PSR B1706-44 and implications for theoretical models of pulsar emission SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars : individual (PSR B1706-44); stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID RAPIDLY SPINNING PULSARS; ENERGETIC RADIATION; UPPER LIMITS; RADIO; GAPS; CASCADES; SPECTRA; VELA; CRAB AB We report on results of an observation with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) of PSR B1706-44, with a live time of 132 ks, to search for pulsed X-ray emission. PSR B1706-44 is a radio and high-energy gamma-ray pulsar (detected by EGRET), but no pulsed emission has been detected in the X-ray band. Since most of the other known gamma-ray pulsars emit pulsed X-rays, it is expected that PSR B1706-44 would also be an X-ray pulsar. However, while the ROSAT PSPC detected a source at the pulsar position, it did not detect pulsations, giving a pulsed fraction upper limit of 18%. The RXTE observations to search for modulation at the pulsar period were carried out in 1996 November and 1997 May during the low states of the nearby X-ray binary 4U 1705-44. No significant modulation was detected at the pulsar period, giving an upper limit of 10(-6) photons cm(-2) s(-1) keV(-1) in the interval 9 less than or equal to E less than or equal to 18.5 keV. The implications of this upper limit of the pulsed flux from the RXTE observation, taken together with multiband observations of this pulsar, are examined in the context of theoretical models of pulsar particle acceleration zones and associated high-energy electromagnetic emission. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM akr@tifr.res.in RI Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 513 IS 2 BP 919 EP 926 DI 10.1086/306870 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 187YG UT WOS:000079816000035 ER PT J AU Woo, R Habbal, SR Howard, RA Korendyke, CM AF Woo, R Habbal, SR Howard, RA Korendyke, CM TI Extension of the polar coronal hole boundary into interplanetary space SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona ID SOLAR-WIND; WHITE-LIGHT; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SCALE STRUCTURES; ULYSSES; STREAMERS; EXPANSION; MINIMUM; SPEED; SLOW AB White-light measurements made by the SOHO LASCO C2 and C3 coronagraphs and the Mk III Mauna Loa K-coronameter, ranging from 1.15 to 30 R. have been combined with Kitt Peak daily He I 1083 nm coronal hole maps, and full Sun Yohkoh soft X-ray images, to show that the boundaries of polar coronal holes, as determined by measurements of path-integrated density, extend approximately radially into interplanetary space. These results are in contrast to the long-standing view that the boundaries of polar coronal holes diverge significantly beyond radial, evolving around the edges of streamers. The combined observations also show that the corona is dominated by raylike structures as small as a few degrees in angular size with respect to Sun center, originating from both coronal holes and the quiet Sun. This analysis provides further support for results originally derived from radio occultation measurements, namely, that the coronal density projects itself almost radially from the Sun into the outer corona, implying that open field lines abound in the quiet Sun from which the fast wind can also originate. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Woo, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 238-725, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 513 IS 2 BP 961 EP 968 DI 10.1086/306899 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 187YG UT WOS:000079816000041 ER PT J AU Baski, AA Erwin, SC Whitman, LJ AF Baski, AA Erwin, SC Whitman, LJ TI The structure of Si(112): Ga-(Nx1) reconstructions SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Letter DE density functional calculations; gallium; high index single crystal surfaces; scanning tunneling microscopy; silicon; surface energy; surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography ID WIRE STRUCTURES; SURFACES; SI(112); GA; ENERGETICS; CHAINS; GROWTH AB We have studied the structure of Si(112):Ga-(N x 1) reconstructions using atomic-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and first-principles calculations. The nanofaceted clean Si(112) surface becomes planar following the adsorption of Ga, which forms long chains on the surface interrupted by isolated quasi-periodic defects. The defects create a mixture of (N x 1) structures (N approximate to 4-7) with 5 x 1 and 6 x 1 unit cells most common. We demonstrate that this structure consists of a chain of Ga atoms adsorbed at the (111)-like step edge within the (112) unit cell, and that the defects are Ga vacancies where the exposed step edge Si atoms form a dimer bond. Calculations performed as a function of vacancy period confirm that the surface energy is minimized at N = 5-6, when compressive strain associated with the Si-Ga bonds is effectively minimized. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Whitman, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011; OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174; Baski, Alison/0000-0002-8985-8067 NR 11 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 423 IS 2-3 BP L265 EP L270 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(99)00005-9 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 181FV UT WOS:000079431400003 ER PT J AU Laracuente, A Erwin, SC Whitman, LJ AF Laracuente, A Erwin, SC Whitman, LJ TI A monohydride high-index silicon surface: Si(114): H-(2x1) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SI(001) SURFACES; SI(100) SURFACE; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; ADSORPTION; EPITAXY AB We describe the adsorption of H on Si(114)-(2x1) as characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy and first-principles calculations. Like Si(001)- and despite the relative complexity of the (114) structure-a well-ordered, low-defect-density monohydride surface forms at similar to 400 degrees C. Surprisingly, the clean surface reconstruction is essentially maintained on the (2 x 1) monohydride surface, composed of dimers, rebonded double-layer steps, and nonrebonded double-layer steps, with each surface atom terminated by a single H. This H- passivated surface can also be easily and uniformly patterned by selectively desorbing the H with low-voltage electrons. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)04010-3]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laracuente, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 8 PY 1999 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1397 EP 1399 DI 10.1063/1.123562 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 174AG UT WOS:000079011500015 ER PT J AU Jernigan, GG Stahlbush, RE Das, MK Cooper, JA Lipkin, LA AF Jernigan, GG Stahlbush, RE Das, MK Cooper, JA Lipkin, LA TI Interfacial differences between SiO2 grown on 6H-SiC and on Si(100) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE SURFACES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; 6H-SILICON CARBIDE; OXIDATION; SIC/SIO2 AB Oxides grown on p-type 6H-SiC and on Si(100) were studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and sputter depth profiling to determine what differences exist between the two systems. The oxide on SiC is found to be stoichiometric SiO2 , but the oxide is structurally different from the oxide grown on Si(100). We propose that strain introduced during processing accounts for the structural differences. We also found that Si atoms at the SiO2/SiC interface are chemically different from Si atoms in the bulk of SiC and a number of possible explanations for this are given. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)03510-X]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. CREE Res Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Jernigan, GG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6810, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 8 PY 1999 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1448 EP 1450 DI 10.1063/1.123597 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 174AG UT WOS:000079011500032 ER PT J AU Green, JBD Novoradovsky, A Park, D Lee, GU AF Green, JBD Novoradovsky, A Park, D Lee, GU TI Microfabricated tip arrays for improving force measurements SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY; DNA AB Variability in the coverage or usable lifetime of active molecules at the apex of an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip is a key limitation to biomolecular force measurements with AFM. Microfabricated tip arrays make it possible to measure molecular forces between large arrays of biological molecules with AFM. The forces are measured between a probeless microfabricated cantilever and a microfabricated array containing approximately 10(5) addressable probes with variable radii. We measure intermolecular forces between the model ligand-receptor pair streptavidin-biotin, to demonstrate that these tip arrays can circumvent these coverage and lifetime obstacles. Further development of these arrays promises to provide a means for measuring millions of different intermolecular interactions, paving the way for AFM to be realistically applied to screen combinatorial libraries. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)05010-X]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stratagene Inc, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Lee, GU (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lee, Gil/P-8696-2016 OI Lee, Gil/0000-0002-7949-5848 NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 8 PY 1999 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1489 EP 1491 DI 10.1063/1.123590 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 174AG UT WOS:000079011500046 ER PT J AU Poch, GK Klette, KL Hallare, DA Manglicmot, MG Czarny, RJ McWhorter, LK Anderson, CJ AF Poch, GK Klette, KL Hallare, DA Manglicmot, MG Czarny, RJ McWhorter, LK Anderson, CJ TI Detection of metabolites of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in human urine specimens: 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD, a prevalent metabolite of LSD SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B LA English DT Article DE 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD; N-desmethyl-LSD ID RAT AB Seventy-four urine specimens previously found to contain lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were analyzed by a new procedure for the LSD metabolite 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD (O-H-LSD) using a Finnigan LC-MS-MS system. This procedure proved to be less complex, shorter to perform and provides cleaner chromatographic characteristics than the method currently utilized by the Navy Drug Screening Laboratories for the extraction of LSD from urine by GC-MS. All of the specimens used in the study screened positive for LSD by radioimmunoassay (Roche Abuscreen(R)). Analysis by GC-MS revealed detectable amounts of LSD in all of the specimens. In addition, isolysergic diethylamide (iso-LSD), a byproduct of LSD synthesis, was quantitated in 64 of the specimens. Utilizing the new LC-MS-MS method, low levels of N-desmethyl-LSD (nor-LSD), another identified LSD metabolite, were detected in some of the specimens. However, all 74 specimens contained O-H-LSD at significantly higher concentrations than LSD, iso-LSD, or nor-LSD alone. The O-H-LSD concentration ranged from 732 to 112 831 pg/ml (mean, 16 340 pg/ml) by quantification with an internal standard. The ratio of O-H-LSD to LSD ranged from 1.1 to 778.1 (mean, 42.9). The presence of O-H-LSD at substantially higher concentrations than LSD suggests that the analysis for O-H-LSD as the target analyte by employing LC-MS-MS will provide a much longer window of detection for the use of LSD than the analysis of the parent compound, LSD. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Drug Screening Lab, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Poch, GK (reprint author), USN, Drug Screening Lab, 34425 Farenholt Ave Suite 40, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD MAR 5 PY 1999 VL 724 IS 1 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(98)00574-X PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 175PN UT WOS:000079103700003 PM 10202954 ER PT J AU Franke, ED Hoffman, SL Sacci, JB Wang, R Charoenvit, Y Appella, E Chesnut, R Alexander, J Del Guercio, MF Sette, A AF Franke, ED Hoffman, SL Sacci, JB Wang, R Charoenvit, Y Appella, E Chesnut, R Alexander, J Del Guercio, MF Sette, A TI Pan DR binding sequence provides T-cell help for induction of protective antibodies against Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE malaria; immunization; Pan-DR epitope peptides ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; B-CELL; VACCINE; FALCIPARUM; EPITOPES; ANTIGEN; MICE AB Pan-DR epitope (PADRE) peptides have demonstrated the capacity to deliver help for antibody responses in vivo, They were also found, fortuitously, to be able to provide significant helper T-cell activity in vivo. This suggested that linear constructs, containing the PADRE epitope, might be as efficient at generating an immune response as large multivalent antigens. Plasmodium falciparum and P. yoelii PADRE constructs were capable of inducing a high titre IgG antibody response that recognized intact sporozoites. We now report that these antibodies can inhibit sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes in vitro and that mice immunized with the PyCSP-PADRE linear construct were protected when challenged with P. yoelii sporozoites. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Malaria Program, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NCI, Cell Biol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Epimmune Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, Malaria Program, 12300 Washington Ave, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RI Villasante, Eileen/G-3602-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-45241] NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 5 PY 1999 VL 17 IS 9-10 BP 1201 EP 1205 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00341-7 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 175YD UT WOS:000079122900026 PM 10195633 ER PT J AU Jha, SK Cheon, KS Green, MM Selinger, JV AF Jha, SK Cheon, KS Green, MM Selinger, JV TI Chiral optical properties of a helical polymer synthesized from nearly racemic chiral monomers highly diluted with achiral monomers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DEPENDENCE; MACROMOLECULAR STEREOCHEMISTRY; POLYISOCYANATES; ISOCYANATE); COPOLYMERS; ACIDS; SENSE; ORDER; ROTATION; RESIDUES AB In polyisocyanates composed only of randomly distributed (R) and (S) units, the chiral optical properties of the polymer are far out of proportion to the enantiomeric excess of the monomers. This highly disproportionate relationship, which arises from a majority-rule effect among these enantiomeric units on the helical sense of the backbone, is now found to be unaffected, within certain limits, by the overwhelming presence of achiral units randomly distributed along the chain. This experimental result can be explained quantitatively by an analysis based on the one-dimensional random-field Ising model, which shows that dilution of the chiral units with achiral units increases the helical domain size in a manner that compensates for the dilution. In qualitative terms, since the random-field domain size is limited by the "objection" of the minority units to the helical sense dictated by the majority units, dilution of this "objection" acts to increase the domain size. As long as this domain size is not limited by the chain length or by thermal fluctuations, the achiral dilution will not reduce the optical activity of the polymer. C1 Polytech Univ, Herman F Mark Polymer Res Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Green, MM (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Herman F Mark Polymer Res Inst, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 48 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 3 PY 1999 VL 121 IS 8 BP 1665 EP 1673 DI 10.1021/ja983202s PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 174BP UT WOS:000079014500006 ER PT J AU Yamauchi, B Schultz, A Adams, W AF Yamauchi, B Schultz, A Adams, W TI Integrating exploration and localization for mobile robots SO ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE mobile robotics; exploration; localization; map learning ID DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS AB Exploration and localization are two of the capabilities necessary for mobile robots to navigate robustly in unknown environments. A robot needs to explore in order to learn the structure of the world, and a robot needs to know its own location in order to make use of its acquired spatial information. However, a problem arises with the integration of exploration and localization. A robot needs to know its own location in order to add new information to its map, but a robot may also need a map to determine its own location. We have addressed this problem with ARIEL, a mobile robot system that combines frontier-based exploration with continuous localization. ARIEL is capable of exploring and mapping an unknown environment while maintaining an accurate estimate of its position at all times. In this paper, we describe frontier-based exploration and continuous localization, and we explain how ARIEL integrates these techniques. Then we show results from experiments performed in the exploration of a real-world office hallway environment. These results demonstrate that maps learned using exploration without localization suffer from substantial dead reckoning errors, while maps learned by ARIEL avoid these errors and can be used for reliable exploration and navigation. C1 IS Robot, Somerville, MA USA. USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Twin City Off Ctr, Suite 6,22 McGrath Highway, Somerville, MA 02143 USA. EM yamauchi@isr.com NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1059-7123 EI 1741-2633 J9 ADAPT BEHAV JI Adapt. Behav. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 7 IS 2 BP 217 EP 229 DI 10.1177/105971239900700204 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Psychology, Experimental; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Computer Science; Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 274TV UT WOS:000084781900004 ER PT J AU Moore, D AF Moore, D TI Naval aircraft materials and processes SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Aerosp Mat Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Moore, D (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Aerosp Mat Div, 48066 Shaw Rd,Bldg 2188,MS5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0026-0665 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 155 IS 3 BP 27 EP 30 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 176VP UT WOS:000079173000003 ER PT J AU Chang, EJ Kailasanath, K Aggarwal, SK AF Chang, EJ Kailasanath, K Aggarwal, SK TI Two-way coupled gas-particle systems in an axisymmetric ramjet combustor SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit CY JUL 10-12, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID CONFINED SHEAR-FLOW; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; HEAVY-PARTICLES C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr React Flow & Dynam Syst, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 3 BP 396 EP 398 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 171BF UT WOS:000078841800018 ER PT J AU Busby, MA Cinnella, P AF Busby, MA Cinnella, P TI Nonsingular eigenvectors of the flux Jacobian matrix for reactive flow problems SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Busby, MA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 3 BP 398 EP 401 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 171BF UT WOS:000078841800019 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, C Linden, O Cesar, H Hodgson, G Rubens, J Strong, AE AF Wilkinson, C Linden, O Cesar, H Hodgson, G Rubens, J Strong, AE TI Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of 1998 coral mortality in the Indian Ocean: An ENSO impact and a warning of future change? SO AMBIO LA English DT Article AB The year 1998, was the warmest year since the start of temperature recordings some 150 years ago. Similarly, the 1990s have been the warmest decade recorded. In addition, 1998 saw the strongest El Nino ever recorded. As a consequence of this, very high water temperatures were observed in many parts of the oceans, particularly in the tropical Indian Ocean, often with temperatures of 3 degrees to 5 degrees C above normal. Many corals in this region bleached and subsequently died, probably due to the high water temperatures in combination with meteorological and climatic factors. Massive mortality occurred on the reefs of Sri Lanka, Maldives, India, Kenya, Tanzania, and Seychelles with mortalities of up to 90% in many shallow areas. Reefs in other parts of the Indian Ocean, or in waters below 20 m, coral mortality was typically 50%. Hence, coral death during 1998 was unprecedented in severity. The secondary socioeconomic effects of coral bleaching for coastal communities of the Indian Ocean are likely to be long lasting and severe. In addition to potential decreases in fish stocks and negative effects on tourism, erosion may become an acute problem, particularly in the Maldives and Seychelles. If the observed global trends in temperature rises continue, there will be an increased probability of a recurrence of the phenomenon observed in 1998 on the coral reefs of the Indian Ocean, as well as in other parts of the tropical oceans in coming years. Coral reefs of the Indian Ocean may prove to be an important signal of the potential effects of global climate change, and we should heed that warning. C1 Int Coral Reef Initiat, Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network, S Asia Reg Unit, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Univ Stockholm, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Free Univ Amsterdam, IvM, Inst Environm Studies, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Environm & Sustainable Dept, Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong. IUCN, Colombo 5, Sri Lanka. NOAA, Ctr Sci, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ocean Res & Applicat Div, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wilkinson, C (reprint author), PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. RI Strong, Alan/E-7924-2011 NR 28 TC 209 Z9 220 U1 10 U2 56 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 188 EP 196 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194ER UT WOS:000080179600015 ER PT J AU Kuruppu, JC Le, TP Tuazon, CU AF Kuruppu, JC Le, TP Tuazon, CU TI Vancomycin-associated thrombocytopenia: Case report and review of the literature SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID LEUKEMIA C1 Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Kuruppu, JC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 3 BP 249 EP 250 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8652(199903)60:3<249::AID-AJH20>3.0.CO;2-H PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 171BY UT WOS:000078843600020 PM 10072125 ER PT J AU Denardo, B Earwood, J Sazonova, V AF Denardo, B Earwood, J Sazonova, V TI Parametric instability of two coupled nonlinear oscillators SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN-WALLS; LATTICES; KINKS AB One of the two normal modes of a system of two coupled nonlinear oscillators is subject to. an instability. Several demonstration apparatus of weakly coupled oscillators that exhibit the instability are described. The effect is due to one normal mode parametrically driving the other, and occurs for the broad range of systems where the nonlinearity has a cubic contribution to the restoring force of each oscillator, which includes pendulums. The instability has an amplitude threshold that increases as the coupling is increased. A naive physical approach predicts that the mode opposite to that observed should be unstable. This is resolved by a weakly nonlinear analysis which reveals that the nonlinearity causes the linear frequency of a normal mode to depend upon the finite amplitude of the other mode. Numerical simulations confirm the theory, and extend the existence of the instability and the accuracy of the theoretical amplitude threshold beyond the regime of weak nonlinearity and weak coupling. (C) 1999 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Phys Acoust, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Denardo, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 67 IS 3 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1119/1.19225 PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 171BM UT WOS:000078842500006 ER PT J AU Gillespie, DT Alltop, WO Martin, JM AF Gillespie, DT Alltop, WO Martin, JM TI Comment on "Describing the state of a stochastic process," by D. T. Gillespie [Am. J. Phys. 66 (6), 533-536 (1998)] SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material AB In the commented paper, it was pointed out that a certain set of conditioned probability density functions P-(1), P-(2),..., is both necessary and sufficient to fully describe the state of any classical stochastic process. But the announced set of constraints that those functions are obliged to satisfy was incomplete. Here we elaborate the full set of constraining conditions on the P-(n) functions, and in so doing Eve expose the non-Markovian generalization of the Chapman-Kolmogorov equation. (C) 1999 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Computat Sci Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Gillespie, DT (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Computat Sci Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 67 IS 3 BP 258 EP 259 DI 10.1119/1.19235 PG 2 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 171BM UT WOS:000078842500016 ER PT J AU Devereaux, A Almonte, A Stephens, M Vaughn, J Burns, D AF Devereaux, A Almonte, A Stephens, M Vaughn, J Burns, D TI Tobacco use in marine recruits SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pulm Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RI Stephens, Mark/A-2679-2015 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A487 EP A487 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237102699 ER PT J AU Parrish, J Goldman, M Julio, J AF Parrish, J Goldman, M Julio, J TI Comparison of methacholine challenge by spirometry and forced oscillation (IOS) in patients with a history of asthma. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. VAMC, W Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A881 EP A881 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237104927 ER PT J AU Vu, JH Thomas, EL Spencer, DD AF Vu, JH Thomas, EL Spencer, DD TI Laparoscopic management of mesenteric cyst SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article AB Mesenteric cysts are rare intra-abdominal tumors. Most are found during laparotomy for other reasons, The symptoms are often vague and minimal, CT of the abdomen gives the most information and is the diagnostic method of choice. The preferred treatment for mesenteric cysts is complete resection at laparotomy, However, the advancement of minimal-access surgery has allowed laparoscopic excision as a safe and advantageous approach with minimal morbidity and shorter hospital stay and recovery time for the patient. C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Spencer, DD (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Surg, 620 John Paul Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 3 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 65 IS 3 BP 264 EP 265 PG 2 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 172NV UT WOS:000078931400017 PM 10075306 ER PT J AU Tandy, TK Bottomy, DP Lewis, JG AF Tandy, TK Bottomy, DP Lewis, JG TI Wellens' syndrome SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CORONARY-ARTERY; UNSTABLE ANGINA AB We describe a patient with Wellens' syndrome. In view of the large area of myocardium at risk, the importance of recognizing the significance of this ECG pattern is of critical importance for the emergency physician, especially those involved in the evaluation of patients at emergency department chest pain centers. Wellens' syndrome, the criteria for diagnosis, and a discussion of its implications are presented. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Tandy, TK (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 13 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 33 IS 3 BP 347 EP 351 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(99)70373-2 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 172CQ UT WOS:000078905100010 PM 10036351 ER PT J AU Kolp, JG AF Kolp, JG TI Washington's Partisan War, 1775-1783. SO ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kolp, JG (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0002-7162 J9 ANN AM ACAD POLIT SS JI Ann. Am. Acad. Polit. Soc. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 562 BP 226 EP 227 DI 10.1177/0002716299562001028 PG 2 WC Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 169RD UT WOS:000078761600028 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Goray, LI Hunter, WR Rife, JC AF Seely, JF Goray, LI Hunter, WR Rife, JC TI Thin-film interference effects on the efficiency of a normal-incidence grating in the 100-350-angstrom wavelength region SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; COATED GRATINGS; DIFFRACTION AB Thin-film interference effects were observed in the normal-incidence efficiency of a 2400-groove/mm replica grating. The efficiency was measured in the 100-350-Angstrom wavelength range and had an oscillatory behavior that resulted from the presence of a thin SiO2, coating. The thicknesses of the SiO2, and the underlying oxidized aluminum layers were inferred from computer modeling of the zero-order efficiency. The efficiencies in the diffracted orders were calculated with the modified integral approach and accounting for the multilayer coating and the groove profile derived from atomic force microscopy. The calculated and measured efficiencies were in good agreement. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. OCIS codes: 050.1950, 050.1960, 260.3160, 260.7200, 310.6860. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Int Intellectual Grp Inc, Penfield, NY 14526 USA. Sachs Freeman Associates Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Goray, Leonid/D-4426-2013 OI Goray, Leonid/0000-0002-0381-9607 NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1251 EP 1258 DI 10.1364/AO.38.001251 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 173ER UT WOS:000078968700026 PM 18305740 ER PT J AU McKinlay, JR Barrett, TL Ross, EV AF McKinlay, JR Barrett, TL Ross, EV TI Picture of the month SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP McKinlay, JR (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 153 IS 3 BP 305 EP 305 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 174DV UT WOS:000079019600017 PM 10086411 ER PT J AU Nigra, T AF Nigra, T TI Denouement and discussion SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Nigra, T (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 153 IS 3 BP 306 EP 306 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 174DV UT WOS:000079019600018 ER PT J AU Horan, PJ Popovic, NA Islinger, RB Kuklo, TR Dick, EJ McKinney, L AF Horan, PJ Popovic, NA Islinger, RB Kuklo, TR Dick, EJ McKinney, L TI Acute and long-term response of the meniscus to partial meniscectomy using the holmium : YAG laser SO ARTHROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Ho : YAG laser; meniscus; healing response ID COLLAGEN AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histological effects of holmium:YAG laser partial meniscectomy in an in vivo rabbit model and compare it with scalpel partial meniscectomy at selected time intervals. Twenty-four adult male New Zealand rabbits underwent bilateral partial medial meniscectomies through the avascular zone. In the right knee, partial medial meniscectomy was performed using a standard surgical blade; in the left knee, an anatomically similar partial medial meniscectomy was performed using a Ho:YAG laser (Coherent, Santa Clara, CA). All animals were randomized and three animals were killed at postoperative days 1 and 3, and postoperative weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 10. Samples of all medial and lateral menisci, with attached synovium and Vascular rim, from both knees were harvested and submitted for histological and/or ultrastructural examination. The results indicate that (I) at all time periods, laser cut menisci had more cell loss and matrix degradation; (2) synovial necrosis was more common in laser-treated knees; (3) the Ho:YAG laser creates three zones of damage in the meniscal fibrocartilage: a zone of fibrin and debris at the incision site, a zone of necrosis characterized by degeneration of the collagen and loss of viable cells, and a zone of thermal change characterized by collagen degeneration. The zone of thermal change, with its histological injury was thought at the time of surgery to be the viable border. The zone of thermal change may act as a barrier to delay healing, and the scalpel produced a consistently straighter cut. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Horan, PJ (reprint author), 3027 S Buchanan St, Arlington, VA 22206 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD MAR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 2 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1053/ar.1999.v15.015015 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 174CK UT WOS:000079016400007 PM 10210072 ER PT J AU Bottcher, M Dermer, CD Crider, AW Liang, EP AF Bottcher, M Dermer, CD Crider, AW Liang, EP TI Time-dependent photoelectric absorption, photoionization and fluorescence line emission in gamma-ray burst environments SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; radiative transfer; gamma rays : bursts; X-rays : bursts ID 28 FEBRUARY 1997; CROSS-SECTIONS; MODEL; IONIZATION AB If gamma-ray bursts are associated with dense star-forming regions in young galaxies, photoelectric absorption by the dense circumburster material (CBM) will occur. As the burst evolves, the surrounding material is photoionized, leading to fluorescence line emission and reduced photoelectric absorption opacity. We have analyzed this process in detail, accounting for the time-dependent photoelectric absorption, photoionization and fluorescence line emission from the CBM. We fmd that even if GRB a are hosted in dense star-forming regions, photoionization of the GRB environment leads to a constant, but very weak level of delayed fluorescence line emission on timescales of weeks to years after the burst. A temporally evolving iron K edge absorption feature can serve as diagnostic tool to reveal the density structure of the CBM and may provide an opportunity for redshift measurements. We also investigated whether photoelectric absorption could be responsible for the spectral evolution of the low-energy slopes of some bright BATSE gamma-ray bursts displaying extremely hard spectra below the peak energy, inconsistent with the optically-thin synchrotron shock model. We find that a very strong metal-enrichment (similar to 100 times solar-system abundances) in the gamma-ray burst environment and a rather peculiar spatial distribution of the CBM would be necessary in order to account for the observed hard spectra below a few 100 keV and their temporal evolution. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Space Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bottcher, M (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Space Phys & Astron, 6100 S Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. NR 36 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 343 IS 1 BP 111 EP 119 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 173LG UT WOS:000078981600022 ER PT J AU Landi, E Landini, M Dere, KP Young, PR Mason, HE AF Landi, E Landini, M Dere, KP Young, PR Mason, HE TI CHIANTI - an atomic database for emission lines - III. Continuum radiation and extension of the ion database SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; astronomical data bases : miscellaneous; ultraviolet : general; Sun : atmosphere; stars : atmosphere; atomic database ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; NITROGEN ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; CORONAL DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; EFFECTIVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; EXPERIMENTAL LEVEL VALUES; BE-LIKE IONS; N = 2; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; CALCULATED WAVELENGTHS; ENERGY-LEVELS AB CHIANTI provides a database of atomic energy levels, wavelengths, radiative transition probabilities and electron excitation data for a large number of ions of astrophysical interest. This database allows the calculation of theoretical line emissivities necessary for the analysis of optically thin emission line spectra, and includes also a suite of IDL (Interactive Data Language) programs to calculate optically thin synthetic spectra and to perform spectral analysis and plasma diagnostics. The first version (1.0) of the CHIANTI database was released in 1996 (Dere et al. 1997) and has been extensively used for analysis of line spectra from astrophysical sources by the scientific community. The present paper describes the first major update to the CHIANTI database which will subsequently be labeled version 2.0. The update consists of the addition of a large number of new ions, the revision of existing data for some ions and the inclusion of an IDL procedure to calculate the continuum. The CHIANTI atomic database and supporting IDL routines are freely available through the internet. C1 Univ Florence, Dept Astron & Space Sci, I-50125 Florence, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 9EW, England. RP Landi, E (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. EM enricol@arcetri.astro.it RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 60 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0365-0138 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS SUP JI Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 135 IS 2 BP 339 EP 346 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 170BU UT WOS:000078786300012 ER PT J AU De Grandi, S Guzzo, L Bohringer, H Molendi, S Chincarini, G Collins, C Cruddace, R Neumann, D Schindler, S Schuecker, P Voges, W AF De Grandi, S Guzzo, L Bohringer, H Molendi, S Chincarini, G Collins, C Cruddace, R Neumann, D Schindler, S Schuecker, P Voges, W TI The X-ray luminosity function of bright galaxy clusters in the local universe SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : clusters : general; X-rays : general ID MEDIUM SENSITIVITY SURVEY; EVOLUTION; SAMPLE AB We present the X-ray luminosity function (XLF) for clusters of galaxies derived from the RASS1 Bright Sample. The sample, selected from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey in a region of 2.5 sr within the southern Galactic cap, contains 130 clusters with flux limits in the range similar to 3-4 x 10(12) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) in the 0.5-2.0 keV band. A maximum likelihood fit with a Schechter function of the XLF over the entire range of luminosities (0.045-28.0 x 10(44) ergs s(-1)) gives alpha = 1.52(-0.11)(+0.11), L* = 3.80(-0.55)(+0.70) x 10(44) ergs s(-1), and A = 5.07 +/- 0.45 x 10(-7) Mpc(-3) (10(44) ergs s(-1))(alpha-1). We investigate possible evolutionary effects within the sample, out to our redshift limit (z similar to 0.3), finding no evidence for evolution. Our results are in good agreement with other local estimates of the XLF, implying that this statistic for the local universe is now well determined. Comparison with XLFs for distant clusters (0.3 < z < 0.6) shows that no evolution is present for L-X less than or similar to 10(44) ergs s(-1). However, we detect differences at the 3 sigma level between our local XLF and the distant one estimated by Henry et al. for the Einstein Extended Medium-Sensitivity Survey (EMSS) sample. This difference is still present when considering the EMSS sample revised by Nichol et al. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Osserv Astron Brera, I-22055 Merate, LC, Italy. CNR, Ist Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Liverpool L3 5AF, Merseyside, England. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC USA. CEA, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP De Grandi, S (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85740 Garching, Germany. OI GUZZO, LUIGI/0000-0001-8264-5192 NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 513 IS 1 BP L17 EP L20 DI 10.1086/311900 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 194MN UT WOS:000080197600005 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Mitman, KE AF Dermer, CD Mitman, KE TI Short-timescale variability in the external shock model of gamma-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID 28 FEBRUARY 1997; FIREBALLS AB We have developed a computer model to calculate gamma ray burst (GRB) light curves and efficiencies from the interaction of a single, thin blast wave with clouds in the external medium. Large-amplitude, short-timescale variability occurs when the clouds have radii r much less than R/Gamma, where R is the mean distance of a cloud from the GRB source and Gamma is the blast-wave Lorentz factor. Efficiencies greater than or similar to 10% require a large number of small clouds, each with sufficiently large column densities to extract most of the available blast-wave energy in the region of interaction. The number and duration of pulses in the simulated GRB light curves are compared with the respective properties found in GRB light curves. If GRB sources are surrounded by clouds with such properties, then short-timescale variability of GRBs can be obtained in the external shock model. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Thomas Jefferson High Sch Sci & Technol, Alexandria, VA 22312 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 111 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 513 IS 1 BP L5 EP L8 DI 10.1086/311898 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 194MN UT WOS:000080197600002 ER PT J AU Rajagopal, AK AF Rajagopal, AK TI Fractional powers of operators of Tsallis ensemble and their parameter differentiation SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We develop four identities concerning parameter differentiation of fractional powers of operators appearing in the Tsallis ensembles of quantum statistical mechanics of nonextensive systems. In the appropriate limit these reduce to the corresponding differentiation identities of exponential operators of the Gibbs ensembles of extensive systems derived by Wilcox. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA FISICA PI SAO PAULO PA CAIXA POSTAL 66328, 05315-970 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 0103-9733 J9 BRAZ J PHYS JI Braz. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 29 IS 1 BP 61 EP 65 DI 10.1590/S0103-97331999000100006 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 205RY UT WOS:000080835400006 ER PT J AU Gaber, BP Martin, BD Turner, DC AF Gaber, BP Martin, BD Turner, DC TI Create a protein microarray using a hydrogel "stamper" SO CHEMTECH LA English DT Article ID SURFACES; DNA; FABRICATION; BIOSENSORS; ANTIBODIES; CELLS; GOLD AB The keys to fabricating multiplexed biosensors are the capability to lay down biomolecules with spatial fidelity retention of activity, and an absolute minimum of biochemical cross-talk. The hydrogel stamper does this by delivering a molecular film of protein directly onto the surface in a single step. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Comp Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gaber, BP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2703 J9 CHEMTECH JI Chemtech PD MAR PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 20 EP 24 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA 173NX UT WOS:000078987600006 ER PT J AU Lawson, L AF Lawson, L TI External democracy promotion in Africa: Another false start? SO COMMONWEALTH & COMPARATIVE POLITICS LA English DT Article AB This paper asserts that the wave of democratic elections in Saharan Africa after 1989 was driven largely, bq, external democracy promotion efforts, and that it is for this reason that democratic regimes there al-e now crumbling. If examines the interaction between external democracy promotion efforts and domestic structural variables, and concludes that while the international community can induce reform and implant electoral processes in Africa, it cannot force sustainable democratic governance in the absence of capitalist economies, civil societies, and bureaucratic states. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Lawson, L (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU FRANK CASS CO LTD PI ESSEX PA NEWBURY HOUSE, 900 EASTERN AVE, NEWBURY PARK, ILFORD, ESSEX IG2 7HH, ENGLAND SN 0306-3631 J9 COMMONW COMP POLIT JI Commonw. Comp. Polit. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 30 DI 10.1080/14662049908447780 PG 30 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 207PM UT WOS:000080945300001 ER PT J AU Bhargava, HK Sridhar, S Herrick, C AF Bhargava, HK Sridhar, S Herrick, C TI Beyond spreadsheets: Tools for building decision support systems SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB Decision support systems (DSSs) are software products that help users apply analytical and scientific methods to decision making. They work by using models and algorithms from disciplines such as decision analysis, mathematical programming and optimization, stochastic modeling, simulation, and logic modeling. DSS products can execute, interpret, visualize, and interactively analyze these models over multiple scenarios. In recent years, the growing popularity of online analytical processing, data warehousing and supply chain management has led to an increased interest in the development of decision support systems. When well implemented and used wisely, DSSs can significantly improve the quality of an organization's decision making. However, building a DSS requires significant expertise in decision analysis, programming, and user interface design. A DSS can also need to connect in real time with other enterprise applications, further complicating the task. For these reasons, the broad use of DSSs-compared with, say, database-management systems-has not occurred. What's missing is sophisticated tool support for developing DSSs. One current solution is a DSS generator, a kit or environment for developing an application-specific DSS. DSS generators are crucial to the success of DSSs in practice. In this article, the authors describe the state of the art in DSS generator software, specifically in the realm of decision analysis methods. They briefly describe the features of 11 commercially available DSS generators that specialize in decision analysis. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. I2 Technol Inc, Irving, TX 75039 USA. USN, Washington, DC USA. RP Bhargava, HK (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Heinz Sch Publ Policy & Management, 2109B,Hamburg Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM bhargava@computer.org NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD MAR PY 1999 VL 32 IS 3 BP 31 EP + DI 10.1109/2.751326 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 172AK UT WOS:000078899000011 ER PT J AU Franke, R Hagen, H AF Franke, R Hagen, H TI Least squares surface approximation using multiquadrics and parametric domain distortion SO COMPUTER AIDED GEOMETRIC DESIGN LA English DT Article DE multiquadrics; domain distortion; scattered data approximation; least squares ID THIN-PLATE SPLINES; SCATTERED DATA INTERPOLATION; RADIAL FUNCTIONS; TRANSFORMATIONS AB A method for approximating scattered data using multiquadric approximation on a transformed domain region is given. With the imposition of a one-to-one constraint on the domain transformation, ail properties of the approximating space carry over. Such a domain transformation is defined in terms of a biquadratic Bezier representation. The parameters in the transformation, and the location of the base points (or knots) in the multiquadric approximation are simultaneously determined using a nonlinear least squares paradigm. The results of some comparisons with previous approaches are given and discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Informat, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany. RP Franke, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8396 J9 COMPUT AIDED GEOM D JI Comput. Aided Geom. Des. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 16 IS 3 BP 177 EP 196 DI 10.1016/S0167-8396(98)00043-0 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 175ZG UT WOS:000079125500004 ER PT J AU Flippen, LD AF Flippen, LD TI Initial-interval driven biasing of nodal concentration along a fixed curve SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE biasing; finite elements; mesh transitioning; nodal spacing; node filling AB Element size transitioning in the construction of spatial meshes for finite element models is often controlled by biasing the concentration of nodes, towards one end or the other, along each of a set of curves in the model. A simple, common and efficient scheme to implement such nodal concentration biasing along a given curve is to require that the nodal spacings delta(i) be (sequence) terms b'delta(0) of a geometric series. Current practice takes the parameter value b, or its equivalent, as an independent input, so that the initial nodal spacing bo must be a computed output. This is the most straightforward approach, but the lack of direct control over the value delta(0) is a significant shortcoming. In an element size transitioning scenario, So is often a parameter for which the model builder/analyst has independent quantitative information. It may represent the a priori known thickness of a thin bond or weld, for example. A more rational choice for these cases, proposed by this paper, is a scheme for which delta(0) is an independent input parameter instead of b. The parameter b is computed by a convergence-guaranteed algorithm for which the existence of b as a single-valued function of its input is proven. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Flippen, LD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6380,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 70 IS 6 BP 691 EP 698 DI 10.1016/S0045-7949(98)00213-2 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 170NV UT WOS:000078813200008 ER PT J AU La Violette, PE Arnone, RA Ladner, S AF La Violette, PE Arnone, RA Ladner, S TI Space and time scales of optical variability in and about Mobile Bay as defined by a NOAA AVHRR visible sensor c660 algorithm SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Optical values extracted from a NOAA AVHRR database were used to derive the spatial and temporal scales of optical variability of Mobile Bay and its nearby sounds. The study used the attenuation coefficient, c660, (derived from Channels 1 and 2 algorithm) to define the coastal surface turbidity for April 1995 through July 1996. The optical spatial variability of 201 images were investigated to establish 15-day, seasonal, and annual means. The 15-day graphs of the seasonal trends show that minimum turbidity variability occurred in summer and the maximum (by a ratio of about twice in Mobile Bay) in winter. The spring and fall transition periods were not as definite, appearing highly variable and brief. Interannual differences were noticeable between the 1995 and 1996 spring periods. Seasonal c660 composite images show a low-spring turbidity, a comparatively uniform summer season, a fall transition period followed by a highly turbid winter period. Residual images (derived by subtracting the annual mean from each seasonal composite) show that in spring, a much less turbid field was generally found throughout the area than shown by the annual mean. The summer residual showed mixed contributions in different regions of the area, whereas the fall composite most closely resembled the annual mean. The winter months show a much stranger positive residuals in almost all of the area (except in the western Mississippi Sound). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Color Sect 7343, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Gulf Weather Corp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Slidell, LA USA. RP Arnone, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Color Sect 7343, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 19 IS 3 BP 299 EP 315 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(98)00066-1 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 167NP UT WOS:000078640200001 ER PT J AU Nelson, JR Eckman, JE Robertson, CY Marinelli, RL Jahnke, RA AF Nelson, JR Eckman, JE Robertson, CY Marinelli, RL Jahnke, RA TI Benthic microalgal biomass and irradiance at the sea floor on the continental shelf of the South Atlantic Bight: Spatial and temporal variability and storm effects SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GULF-STREAM INTRUSIONS; COASTAL FRONTAL ZONE; NORTH-CAROLINA; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; GEORGIA BIGHT; ONSLOW BAY; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS; PHYTOPLANKTON; LIGHT AB Variables relating to the potential for benthic microalgal primary production on the continental shelf of the South Atlantic Eight (SAB) were characterized over a depth range of 14-40 m off Georgia and 20-40 m off northeastern Florida. The areal concentration of chlorophyll a in the surface 0.5 cm of the sand sediments generally exceeded the depth-integrated chlorophyll in the entire overlying water column, often by a factor of 4-6. Visible irradiance at the sediment surface was often 4-8% of surface levels over much of the region, and exceeded 10% of surface levels on occasion (mid-summer at 14-30 m depth). HPLC pigment analyses and qualitative microscopy indicate that sediment chlorophyll is associated with a distinct benthic microflora dominated by diatoms. Relatively high concentrations of diatom pigments extend to at least 2-3 cm in the sediments, apparently associated with intact cells. At small spatial scales, variability in benthic microalgal biomass may be related to bioturbation and grazing by benthic fauna. Intense storms can strongly affect the potential for benthic primary production on the shelf by physical disturbance of sediments and by resuspension of fine particles, which limits light penetration to the sediment surface. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. RP Off Naval Res, Code 322BC,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 54 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 19 IS 4 BP 477 EP 505 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(98)00092-2 PG 29 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 171BW UT WOS:000078843400002 ER PT J AU Bishop, BE Spong, MW AF Bishop, BE Spong, MW TI Adaptive calibration and control of 2D monocular visual servo systems SO CONTROL ENGINEERING PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE adaptive control; robot control; calibration; redundant manipulators; robot vision ID SELF-CALIBRATION; CAMERA AB For most visual servo systems, accurate camera/robot calibration is essential for precision tasks, such as tracking time-varying end-effector trajectories in the image plane of a remote (or fixed) camera. This paper presents details of control-theoretic approaches to the calibration and control of monocular visual servo systems in the case of a planar robot with a workspace perpendicular to the optical axis of the imaging system. An on-line adaptive calibration and control scheme is developed, along with an associated stability and convergence theorem. A redundancy-based refinement of this scheme is proposed and demonstrated via simulation. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Illinois, Coordinated Sci Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP USN Acad, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bishop@novell.nadn.navy.mil NR 17 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0661 EI 1873-6939 J9 CONTROL ENG PRACT JI Control Eng. Practice PD MAR PY 1999 VL 7 IS 3 BP 423 EP 430 DI 10.1016/S0967-0661(98)00160-9 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 181KH UT WOS:000079440200015 ER PT J AU Agarwal, AK Seshadri, S Casady, JB Mani, SS MacMillan, MF Saks, N Burk, AA Augustine, G Balakrishna, V Sanger, PA Brandt, CD Rodrigues, R AF Agarwal, AK Seshadri, S Casady, JB Mani, SS MacMillan, MF Saks, N Burk, AA Augustine, G Balakrishna, V Sanger, PA Brandt, CD Rodrigues, R TI Status of SiC power devices at Northrop Grumman SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-like Materials, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 1998) CY SEP 13-18, 1998 CL IRAKLION, GREECE SP Renishaw plc, St Gobain, Elsevier Sci DE JFET controlled thyristor (JCT); SiC MOSFET; SiCP-N diode; SiC power devices AB This paper presents an overview of SiC power devices. The progress in P-N diode development is described. It is found that in order to develop high voltage, high current diodes, it is critical to reduce dislocation density below 10(3) cm(-2), and increase substrate dosing of N+ 4H-SiC above 10(19) cm(-3). It is simply not enough to reduce the micropipe density to below 1 cm(-2). The paper introduces a new power switching device configuration, namely, JFET Controlled Thyristor (JCT). It is the most promising near term SiC switching device given its high power potential, ease of turn-off potential for 500 degrees C operation and resulting reduction in cooling requirements. It is further concluded that in order to take advantage of SiC power devices, high temperature packages and components with double sided attachment need to be developed along with the SiC power devices. The progress in power MOSFET development is summarized and the phenomenon of "step-bunching" is introduced. This mechanism is responsible for causing surface roughness which results iu low electron inversion layer mobility. It is found that by avoiding step-bunching, surface electron mobility of about 55 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) can be obtained in 6H-SiC planar MOSFETs. The cause for low surface electron mobility in 4H-SiC is still an unknown. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Northrop Grumman Corp, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Silicon Power Corp, Melvern, PA USA. RP Agarwal, AK (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Corp, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 8 IS 2-5 BP 295 EP 301 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(98)00314-8 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 198RD UT WOS:000080437000034 ER PT J AU Ni, N Chen, LG Wu, C Sun, FR AF Ni, N Chen, LG Wu, C Sun, FR TI Performance analysis for endoreversible closed regenerated Brayton heat pump cycles SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Brayton heat pump; heat transfer effect; performance ID LOAD AB Finite-time thermodynamic performance of isentropic closed regenerated Brayton heat pump cycles coupled to constant-and variable-temperature heat reservoirs has been analyzed in this paper. The relations between heating load and pressure ratio and between COP (coefficient of performance) and pressure ratio are derived for the two cases of heat reservoirs. In the analysis, the sole irreversibility is the heat resistance losses in the heat exchangers between the working fluid and the high, and low, temperature heat reservoirs and the regenerator. A numerical example is also given. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Acad Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wu, C (reprint author), Naval Acad Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 10 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 40 IS 4 BP 393 EP 406 DI 10.1016/S0196-8904(98)00121-6 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 146RW UT WOS:000077445200004 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Trump, CL Trizna, DB AF Marmorino, GO Trump, CL Trizna, DB TI Preliminary observation of a tidal intrusion front inside the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article AB In situ sampling during flooding tidal flow and southerly winds shows the up-estuary translation of a surface front along the Thimble Shoal channel, which is located in the southern part of Chesapeake Bay. Currents and surface density were measured using a towed acoustic Doppler current profiler and CTD, and a shipborne radar was used to monitor the orientation and planform of the front, which varied over time. These preliminary observations suggest that dense shelf water, upwelled to the surface along the coast near Cape Henry, Virginia, can be found well into the southern part of the bay during flood, and that the boundary between the intruding shelf water and less dense estuarine water has many of the same characteristics as tidal intrusion fronts found in smaller scale estuaries. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7250, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD MAR PY 1999 VL 22 IS 1 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.2307/1352931 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 188MJ UT WOS:000079850600012 ER PT J AU Culham, P AF Culham, P TI The First Punic War SO HISTORIAN LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Culham, P (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHI ALPHA THETA PI ALLENTOWN PA THE HISTORIAN 50 COLLEGE DR, ALLENTOWN, PA 18104-6100 USA SN 0018-2370 J9 HISTORIAN JI Historian PD SPR PY 1999 VL 61 IS 3 BP 713 EP 714 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 218BV UT WOS:000081534100067 ER PT J AU Jentsch, F Barnett, J Bowers, CA Sales, E AF Jentsch, F Barnett, J Bowers, CA Sales, E TI Who is flying this plane anyway? What mishaps tell us about crew member role assignment and air crew situation awareness SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article AB This paper reports a detailed analysis of over 300 civilian incident reports that identified whether loss of situation awareness (SA) was related to air crew role assignment. The results indicate (a) that loss of SA is responsible for an incident more often when the captain is at the controls than when the first officer (FO) is at the controls, and (b) that the pilot flying (PF) is more likely to lose situation awareness than the pilot not flying (PNF). As a result, captains lose SA more often across aircraft types, flight segments, and weather conditions when they are the PF than when they are the PNF The results also suggest that the person who is flying commits more of the critical errors that lead to an incident. Together, the results indicate that captains lose SA more often and make more tactical errors when they are at the controls than when they are not. Applications of this research include aircrew training, procedure development, and accident/incident analysis. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL USA. RP Jentsch, F (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, POB 161390, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 17 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD MAR PY 1999 VL 41 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1518/001872099779577237 PG 14 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 195VV UT WOS:000080273600001 ER PT J AU Stout, RJ Cannon-Bowers, JA Salas, E Milanovich, DM AF Stout, RJ Cannon-Bowers, JA Salas, E Milanovich, DM TI Planning, shared mental models, and coordinated performance: An empirical link is established SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID TEAM AB Critical decisions are made every day by teams of individuals who must coordinate their activities to achieve effectiveness. Researchers recently suggested that a shared mental model (SMM) among team members may help them to make successful decisions. Several avenues for developing SMMs in teams exist, one of which is planning. We explored the relationship between team planning, SMMs, and coordinated team decision making and performance. Results indicated that effective planning increased the SMM among team members, allowed them to utilize efficient communication strategies during high-workload conditions, and resulted in improved coordinated team performance. In addition, the communication strategy alone affected the degree of coordinated performance attained by teams during periods of increased workload. Implications of these results and team functioning are discussed. Actual or potential applications of this research include performance and training in settings that require interdependent actions among operators. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL USA. RP Salas, E (reprint author), NAWCTSD, Code 4961,12350 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. OI Cannon-Bowers, Janis/0000-0003-2154-4456 NR 35 TC 220 Z9 226 U1 2 U2 49 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD MAR PY 1999 VL 41 IS 1 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1518/001872099779577273 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 195VV UT WOS:000080273600006 ER PT J AU Salas, E Prince, C Bowers, CA Stout, RJ Oser, RL Cannon-Powers, JA AF Salas, E Prince, C Bowers, CA Stout, RJ Oser, RL Cannon-Powers, JA TI A methodology for enhancing crew resource management training SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID SITUATION AWARENESS; AIRCREW PERFORMANCE; TEAM PERFORMANCE; COORDINATION; AUTOMATION AB Human error is an ever-present threat to the safe conduct of flight. Recently, applied psychologists have developed an intervention, crew resource management (CRM) training, designed to help prevent human error in the cockpit. However, as it is commonly applied within the aviation community, CRM lacks standardization in content, design, delivery, and evaluation. This paper presents a discussion of an applied program of research aimed at developing a methodology for the design and delivery of CRM training within the Navy. This long-term, theoretically based program of aviation team research included identification of skills to be trained, development of performance measures, application of instructional design principles, and evaluation of the training delivery. Our conclusion indicates that a systematic methodology for developing CRM training can result in better performance in the cockpit. Actual or potential applications of this research include any task environment in which teams are interdependent. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Salas, E (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, 12350 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM salasea@navair.navy.mil OI Cannon-Bowers, Janis/0000-0003-2154-4456 NR 66 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD MAR PY 1999 VL 41 IS 1 BP 161 EP 172 DI 10.1518/001872099779577255 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 195VV UT WOS:000080273600014 ER PT J AU Chen, VC Ling, H AF Chen, VC Ling, H TI Joint time-frequency analysts for radar signal and image processing SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SCATTERING PHENOMENOLOGY; DOMAIN SCATTERING; WAVELET TRANSFORM; RANGE PROFILES; REPRESENTATION; IDENTIFICATION; ALGORITHM; AIRCRAFT; OBJECTS C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Radar Anal Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Radar Anal Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Magazine, Signal Processing/E-9947-2015 NR 46 TC 55 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-5888 EI 1558-0792 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC MAG JI IEEE Signal Process. Mag. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 16 IS 2 BP 81 EP 93 DI 10.1109/79.752053 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 174AB UT WOS:000079011000007 ER PT J AU Rao, JBL Patel, DP Krichevsky, V AF Rao, JBL Patel, DP Krichevsky, V TI Voltage-controlled ferroelectric lens phased arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE bulk phase shifting; ferroelectric materials devices; lens antennas; phased arrays ID SHIFTERS AB A new concept for phased arrays Is proposed using a voltage-controlled ferroelectric lens. The ferroelectric lens concept uniquely incorporates bulk phase shifting-the array does not contain individual phase shifters-using ferroelectric material. This will reduce the number of phase shifters from (n x m) to (n + m), where n Is the number of columns and m is the number of rows in a phased array. The number of phase shifter drivers and phase shifter controls is also significantly reduced by using row-column beam steering. Thus, the ferroelectric lens concept can potentially lead to low-cost phased arrays, This paper presents the ferroelectric lens concept, theoretical analysis and design, and experimental results. The results indicate that the ferroelectric lens concept is viable and sound. Various phased-array configurations using ferroelectric lens are included. A brief discussion on ferroelectric materials is included along with information on a U.S. Department of Defense program to improve ferroelectric materials. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rao, JBL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 47 IS 3 BP 458 EP 468 DI 10.1109/8.768780 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 205FF UT WOS:000080810100007 ER PT J AU Borges, CF AF Borges, CF TI On the estimation of Markov random field parameters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE Markov random fields; parameter estimation AB We examine the histogram method proposed in [1] for estimating the parameters associated with a Markov random field. This method relies on the estimation of the local interaction sums from histogram data. We derive an estimator for these quantities that is optimal in a well-defined sense. Furthermore. we show that the final step of the histogram method, the solution of a least-squares problem. can be done substantially faster than one might expect it no equation culling is used. We also examine the use of weighted least-squares and see that this seems to lead to better estimates even with smalt amounts of data. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Borges, CF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code MA-BC, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Borges, Carlos/E-3157-2010 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 21 IS 3 BP 216 EP 224 DI 10.1109/34.754587 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 178YD UT WOS:000079296000003 ER PT J AU Thompson, RF Bass, DM Hoffman, SL AF Thompson, RF Bass, DM Hoffman, SL TI Travel vaccines SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LIVE ORAL CHOLERA; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VACCINE; TYPHOID-FEVER; FIELD TRIAL; SAFETY; MALARIA; IMMUNOGENICITY; PROTECTION; STRATEGIES; DIARRHEA AB Travel-related infectious diseases are exceedingly common, difficult to diagnose, and sometimes preventable. Vaccination is one tool for reducing the risk of infectious disease for some travelers. Both healthcare providers and travelers need to be aware of the new travel vaccines, and new formulations of older vaccines that now are available. This article presents an update on vaccines for cholera, Japanese encephalitis, rabies, rotavirus, typhoid, and malaria. C1 Camino Med Grp, Int Travel Clin, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Thompson, RF (reprint author), Camino Med Grp, Int Travel Clin, 325 N Mathilda Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 149 EP + DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70048-9 PG 20 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 185DA UT WOS:000079651800012 PM 10198797 ER PT J AU Butler, FK AF Butler, FK TI The eye at altitude SO INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY CLINICS LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MOUNTAIN-SICKNESS; OPERATION EVEREST-II; ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT EXPOSURE; CONTACT-LENS WEAR; RADIAL KERATOTOMY; DECOMPRESSION-SICKNESS; REFRACTIVE CHANGES; PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY; EXTREME ALTITUDE; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY C1 USN, Special Warfare Command, Med Corps, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. RP Butler, FK (reprint author), USN, Special Warfare Command, Med Corps, 4575 Lavallet Lane, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. NR 88 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0020-8167 J9 INT OPHTHALMOL CLIN JI Int. Ophthalmol. Clin. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 59 EP 78 DI 10.1097/00004397-199903920-00006 PG 20 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 196VQ UT WOS:000080329000005 PM 10343925 ER PT J AU Roy, D AF Roy, D TI Human rights and national security in East Asia SO ISSUES & STUDIES LA English DT Article DE human rights; national security; regime security; Asian governments AB In principle, states may perceive the relationship between human rights and national security as either mutually reinforcing or adversarial. It is not preordained, therefore, that many Asian governments take a negative view of human rights. This article argues that Asian governments will tend to perceive human Fights err a threat to national security to the extent that some or all of the following factors ale present: (I) a sense of victimization qv Western imperialism or colonialism; (2) serious internal threats to stare/regime security; (3) external military vulnerability (4) an authoritarian political system; and (5) a belief that Western culture is determined to the country's well-being. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Roy, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST INTERNAT RELATIONS PI MUCHA PA 64 WAN SHOU ROAD, MUCHA, TAIPEI, TAIWAN SN 1013-2511 J9 ISSUES STUD JI Issues Stud. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 132 EP 151 PG 20 WC Area Studies; International Relations; Political Science SC Area Studies; International Relations; Government & Law GA 225XU UT WOS:000081991900005 ER PT J AU Walkauskas, SG Broido, DA Kempa, K Reinecke, TL AF Walkauskas, SG Broido, DA Kempa, K Reinecke, TL TI Lattice thermal conductivity of wires SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERLATTICES AB The lattice thermal conductivity of free standing wires is calculated within a Boltzmann equation approach. Diffusive and specular phonon scattering at the wire surfaces are included by appropriate boundary conditions on the phonon distribution. The wire thermal conductivity is found to decrease markedly below the bulk value for narrow wires. We show that this decrease in wires is larger than that which occurs in free standing wells of comparable size. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)07105-4]. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walkauskas, SG (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. NR 16 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 85 IS 5 BP 2579 EP 2582 DI 10.1063/1.369576 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169YH UT WOS:000078777000019 ER PT J AU Edelstein, AS Gillespie, DJ Cheng, SF Perepezko, JH Landry, K AF Edelstein, AS Gillespie, DJ Cheng, SF Perepezko, JH Landry, K TI Reactions at amorphous SiC/Ni interfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BEAM-SPUTTERED CU/NI; THERMAL-STABILITY; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; AL/NI MULTILAYERS; SILICON-CARBIDE; KINETICS; MIRRORS; OPTICS; FILMS; NI AB When multilayer samples of polycrystalline Ni and amorphous SiC are heated, the sequence of phase formation initiates with a dissolution of Ni into the amorphous phase and is followed first by the formation of NiSi and then Ni2Si. Multilayer samples of a- SiC/Ni with modulation wavelengths of 83.9 nm and with the ratio of the thickness of the SiC layer to the Ni layer equal to 3.8 retain a multilayer structure even after they undergo two phase transitions. When annealing causes reactions to occur, the surface roughness, measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM), increases and was correlated with similar increases in the interface width. AFM measurements may provide a convenient way to observe reactions at buried interfaces. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)06805-X]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Edelstein, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 85 IS 5 BP 2636 EP 2641 DI 10.1063/1.369580 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169YH UT WOS:000078777000027 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL AF Jensen, KL TI Exchange-correlation, dipole, and image charge potentials for electron sources: Temperature and field variation of the barrier height SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EMITTER ARRAYS; METAL-SURFACES; EMISSION; DENSITY; SIMULATION; STATE AB Potential barrier profiles for large applied fields and/or high temperature are developed for the study of field and thermionic emission electron sources intended for radio frequency power tube applications. The numerical implementation provides a fast and flexible method to obtain the barriers which govern current density, and yet allows for complications such as nanoprotrusions, adsorbates, "internal'' field emission, the sputtering of low work function emission sites, and so on. The model consists of (i) a modified form of the Wigner Lattice expansion of the electron ground state energy to evaluate the exchange and correlation potential, (ii) a simplified form of the ionic core potential to correct the "Jellium'' model, (iii) a triangular representation of the barrier with a single adjustable parameter which enables both the solution of Schrodinger's equation in terms of Airy functions and thus an exact evaluation of the electron density near the barrier, and (iv) a numerical integration of Poisson's equation to evaluate the dipole potential and positive background boundary. An iterative calculation is performed such that the barrier used in the solution of Schrodinger's equation becomes equivalent to the barrier predicted from the exchange-correlation and dipole potentials. As a test of the method, evaluations of the work function of various metals are made. A good correspondence is found between the potential profiles and an "analytic'' image charge potential (which contains modifications to the standard image charge model). Modifications to the Richardson-Laue-Dushman and Fowler Nordheim equations, so as to obtain current density estimates, are described. The (only) adjustable parameter used to correlate theory and experimental work functions is the magnitude of the ionic core "radius,'' which is often close to the actual radius of the metal ions in the test cases considered. The temperature and field dependence of the work function, which is dependent upon electron penetration of the barrier and its effect on the dipole potential, are investigated. The method is suggested to be suitable for the analysis of more complex potential barrier profiles that are encountered in actual (realistic) thermionic and field emission electron sources. The limitations of the model are discussed and methods to circumvent them are proposed. [S0021-8979(99)07005-X]. C1 USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Code 6841, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jensen2@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 46 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 85 IS 5 BP 2667 EP 2680 DI 10.1063/1.369584 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169YH UT WOS:000078777000032 ER PT J AU Balchin, GA Amirtharaj, PM Silvestre, C Thompson, P AF Balchin, GA Amirtharaj, PM Silvestre, C Thompson, P TI Photoluminescence quenching in Si1-xGex/Si multiple quantum wells grown with atomic hydrogen SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SILICON; SI; GE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SUPERLATTICES AB We compare the photoluminescence spectra from a series of Si1-xGex/Si (0.1 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.3) multiple quantum well (MQW) samples grown with atomic hydrogen to a series of similar samples grown without atomic hydrogen. All of the samples were grown at 710 degrees C. We observe intense quantum confined photoluminescence in the Si1-xGex/Si MQW samples grown without atomic hydrogen. No quantum confined photoluminescence was observed in the Si1-xGex/Si MQW samples grown with atomic hydrogen. This was unexpected, since quantum confined photoluminescence has been observed in the hydrogen-assisted growth of Si1-xGex/Si quantum well structures grown at lower temperatures by other researchers. We believe that this is caused by defects, introduced into the samples during growth with atomic hydrogen, which lead to efficient nonradiative centers that compete with the radiative centers. These defects lead to a reduction of the photoluminescence of the samples grown with atomic hydrogen. Since hydrogen is used as a surfactant to reduce the deleterious effects due to Ge segregation, understanding its role is an important step in SiGe materials development. [S0021-8979(99)06505-6]. C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM gbalchi@nswc.navy.mil NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 85 IS 5 BP 2875 EP 2880 DI 10.1063/1.369632 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169YH UT WOS:000078777000062 ER PT J AU James, JE Lin, CS Hooper, WP AF James, JE Lin, CS Hooper, WP TI Simulation of laser-induced light emissions from water and extraction of Raman signal SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SEA AB A simulation of the laser-induced Raman and fluorescence spectra produced by laser irradiation of the water column is described as well as a method of extracting the Raman signal from the fluorescence spectra using multiple laser excitation wavelengths. The simulation includes Gelbstoff fluorescence at 440 and 580 nm, chlorophyll-a fluorescence at 685 nm, Raman signal, and noise sources. Water temperature, relative intensities of the fluorescence signals, sky noise, water clarity, and depth of the return can be varied as well as system optical parameters such as collector size or sea surface range to test system design specifications. A simple method to extract the Raman signal from the fluorescent background signal is developed that uses five laser excitation wavelengths within the range of 510-570 nm, An average fluorescence signal is calculated and subtracted from the raw signal at one of the laser excitation wavelengths to obtain the Raman signal. A two-component Gaussian fit is made to the extracted Raman curve in the wavenumber domain, and a ratio of the Gaussian amplitude at Delta nu of 3134 cm(-1) to the amplitude at Delta nu of 3198 cm(-1) is calculated and used to determine the water column temperature. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP James, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7221,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jjames@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 16 IS 3 BP 394 EP 401 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<0394:SOLILE>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 176GG UT WOS:000079142600009 ER PT J AU Li, TM Hogan, TF AF Li, TM Hogan, TF TI The role of the annual-mean climate on seasonal and interannual variability of the tropical Pacific in a coupled GCM SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; ANNUAL CYCLE; SIMULATION; RELEVANCE; CHAOS; ENSO AB The role of the annual-mean climate on seasonal and interannual variability in the tropical Pacific is investigated by means of a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model. The atmospheric component of this coupled model is the Naval Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System and the oceanic component is the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Modular Ocean Model. Three sets of experiments are conducted. In case A, no annual-mean flux adjustment is applied so that the coupled model generates its own time-mean state. In case B, an annual-mean flux adjustment for SST is applied. In case C, both the annual-mean SST and surface wind are adjusted. It is found that a realistic simulation of both the seasonal and interannual variations can be achieved when a realistic annual-mean state is presented. The long-term (40 yr) simulations of the coupled GCM demonstrate the importance of the annual-mean climate on seasonal and interannual variability in the Tropics. The mechanism that causes an annual rather than a semiannual cycle at the equator is discussed. The authors particularly notice that the interannual oscillations in the model capture essentially all three ENSO phase transition modes: the delayed oscillator mode, the slow SST mode, and the stationary SST mode. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM li@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 61 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 12 IS 3 BP 780 EP 792 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<0780:TROTAM>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 176ZE UT WOS:000079181700007 ER PT J AU Schoenfeld, P AF Schoenfeld, P TI Flexible sigmoidoscopy by paramedical personnel SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Review DE sigmoidoscopy; nurse; colon cancer ID COLORECTAL-CANCER; SCREENING SIGMOIDOSCOPY; ENDOSCOPY; MORTALITY AB Screening sigmoidoscopy is associated with a 45% to 80% reduction in colorectal cancer mortality. Although less than 50% of eligible Americans have been screened with flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS), the use of this procedure is rising rapidly. By the year 2000, as many as 10 million screening FS per year could de performed. To accommodate the increased demand, many medical centers have trained paramedical personnel (i.e. physician assistants, nurses, and gastroenterology technicians) to perform FS. However, as a result of the paucity of research about this practice, only physicians receive a professional fee for performing screening FS. Many state Boards of Nursing explicitly prohibit registered nurses (RNs) from performing this procedure. This review outlines research about the effectiveness of paramedical endoscopists, medico-legal and reimbursement issues, and outlines a training program in FS for paramedical personnel. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Schoenfeld, P (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM pssmd@aol.com NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0192-0790 J9 J CLIN GASTROENTEROL JI J. Clin. Gastroenterol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 110 EP 116 DI 10.1097/00004836-199903000-00006 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 170CM UT WOS:000078788300006 PM 10078817 ER PT J AU Brook, I Frazier, EH AF Brook, I Frazier, EH TI Aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of surgical-site infection following spinal fusion SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABSCESSES; BACTERIOLOGY AB The aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of surgical-site infections (SSI) following spinal fusion was retrospectively studied. This was done by reviewing the clinical and microbiological records at the Naval Hospital in Bethesda, Md., from 1980 to 1992. Aspirates of pus from 25 infection sites showed bacterial growth. Aerobic bacteria only were recovered from 9 (36%) specimens, anaerobic bacteria only were recovered from 4 (16%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were recovered from 12 (48%). Sixty isolates were recovered: 38 aerobes (1.5 isolates per specimen) and 22 anaerobes (0.9 isolate per specimen). The predominant aerobes were Escherichia coli (n = 8) and Proteus sp. (n = 7). The predominant anaerobes were Bacteroides fragilis group (n = 9) and Peptostreptococcus sp. (n = 6) isolates. An increase in recovery of E. coli and B. fragilis was noted in patients with bowel or bladder incontinence. This study highlights the polymicrobial nature of SSI and the importance of anaerobic bacteria in SSI following spinal fusion. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Brook, I (reprint author), POB 70412, Chevy Chase, MD 20813 USA. EM BROOK@MX.AFRI.USUHS.MIL NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 3 BP 841 EP 843 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 166MC UT WOS:000078579500074 PM 9986872 ER PT J AU El-Gendy, A El-Ghorab, N Lane, EM Abu Elyazeed, R Carlin, NIA Mitry, MM Kay, BA Savarino, SJ Peruski, LF AF El-Gendy, A El-Ghorab, N Lane, EM Abu Elyazeed, R Carlin, NIA Mitry, MM Kay, BA Savarino, SJ Peruski, LF TI Identification of Shigella flexneri subserotype 1c in rural Egypt SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CLONES BINDING; O-ANTIGENS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; EPITOPE AB In a population based study of diarrhea in rural, northern Egypt, 60 Shigella flexneri strains were identified, of which 10 could not be definitively serotyped. Serological analysis with commercial reagents suggested that they were serotype 1, but the strains failed to react with subserotype 1a- or Ib-specific antibodies. All 10 strains reacted with MASF Ic, a monoclonal antibody specific for a provisional S. flexneri subserotype, Ic, first identified in Bangladesh and not previously detected outside of that region. Our results show that S. flexneri subserotype Ic is not unique to Bangladesh and that the inability to detect it may reflect both the limited use of suitable screening methods and the rarity of this subserotype. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Res Sci Dept, Cairo, Egypt. SBL Vaccin AB, S-10521 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Peruski, LF (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 3 BP 873 EP 874 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 166MC UT WOS:000078579500083 PM 9986881 ER PT J AU Sajben, FP Barnette, DJ Barrett, TL AF Sajben, FP Barnette, DJ Barrett, TL TI Intravascular angioleiomyoma SO JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRAVENOUS GLOMUS TUMOR; MESENCHYMAL TUMORS; UTERUS; LEIOMYOBLASTOMA; LEIOMYOMATOSIS AB A 59-year-old man presented with a 6-year history of a 2-cm tender nodule on his left lateral elbow. Excisional biopsy led to the diagnosis of angioleiomyoma. However, unlike typical angioleiomyoma which demonstrate extravascular extension, this lesion demonstrated purely intravascular growth. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Med Editing Div, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Sajben, FP (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Med Editing Div, Code AVA,34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0303-6987 J9 J CUTAN PATHOL JI J. Cutan. Pathol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 26 IS 3 BP 165 EP 167 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0560.1999.tb01823.x PG 3 WC Dermatology; Pathology SC Dermatology; Pathology GA 186JA UT WOS:000079724100010 PM 10235384 ER PT J AU Carlos, WE Glaser, ER Kennedy, TA Nakamura, S AF Carlos, WE Glaser, ER Kennedy, TA Nakamura, S TI Magnetic resonance studies of InGaN-based quantum well diodes SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC-40) CY JUN 24-26, 1998 CL UNIV VIRGINIA, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP TMS HO UNIV VIRGINIA DE InGaN; lifetimes; magnetic resonance; photoluminescence (PL); quantum well (QW) ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; YELLOW LUMINESCENCE; GAN; SINGLE; DONORS AB Photoluminescence (PL) based optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) studies as well as electroluminescence detected and electrically detected magnetic resonance (ELDMR and EDMR, respectively) measurements of InxGa1-xN quantum wells were performed. In the ODMR, two PL-enhancing resonances were observed: an electron resonance and a hole resonance. The electron resonance is consistent with expectations for the g value in bulk InxGa1-xN for x approximate to 0.4 but-deviates significantly in an x approximate to 0.3 sample. Possible reasons for this include the effects of strain and confinement. The hole resonance is qualitatively similar to observations in Mg-doped GaN, but more isotropic in the x approximate to 0.3 diode than in the x approximate to 0.4 sample. We measure relatively long radiative lifetimes (as long as similar to 0.2 ms) in the ODMR which facilitate the observation of the resonances and indicate that the electron and hole are spatially separated either by potential fluctuations within the quantum well or by the trapping of the hole at an acceptor in the p layer of AlGaN whch serves as one of the confining barriers. In the EDMR and ELDMR experiments, the signal is primarily due to a reduction in the nonradiative recombination at resonance. While the ODMR is alwyas emission-enhancing, the ELDMR is luminescence-quenching, supporting the notion that techniques are probing different centers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nichia Chem Ind Ltd, Tokushima 774, Japan. RP Carlos, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 3 BP 252 EP 256 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0023-0 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 177ZB UT WOS:000079240000023 ER PT J AU Cao, XA Wilson, RG Zolper, JC Pearton, SJ Han, J Shul, RJ Rieger, DJ Singh, RK Fu, M Scarvepalli, V Sekhar, JA Zavada, JM AF Cao, XA Wilson, RG Zolper, JC Pearton, SJ Han, J Shul, RJ Rieger, DJ Singh, RK Fu, M Scarvepalli, V Sekhar, JA Zavada, JM TI Redistribution of implanted dopants in GaN SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC-40) CY JUN 24-26, 1998 CL UNIV VIRGINIA, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP TMS HO UNIV VIRGINIA DE annealing donors and acceptors; GaN; implantation ID GAAS; DIFFUSION; ALN AB Donor (S, Se, and Te) and acceptor (Mg, Be, and C) dopants have been implanted into GaN at doses of 3-5 x 10(14) cm(-2) and annealed at temperatures up to 1450 degrees C. No redistribution of any of the elements is detectable by secondary ion mass spectrometry, except for Be, which displays behavior consistent with damage-assisted diffusion at 900 degrees C. At higher temperatures, there is no further movement of the Be, for peak annealing temperature durations of 10 s. Effective diffusivities are less than or equal to 2 x 10(-13) cm(2).s(-1) at 1450 degrees C for each of the dopants in GaN. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Micropyret Heaters Int Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. USARDSG, European Res Off, London, England. RP Cao, XA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 3 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0025-y PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 177ZB UT WOS:000079240000025 ER PT J AU Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL Gorman, RJ Culbertson, JC Twigg, ME AF Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL Gorman, RJ Culbertson, JC Twigg, ME TI The impact of nitridation and nucleation layer process conditions on morphology and electron transport in GaN epitaxial films SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC-40) CY JUN 24-26, 1998 CL UNIV VIRGINIA, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP TMS HO UNIV VIRGINIA DE atomic force microscopy (AFM); epitaxy; GaN; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD); nitridation; nucleation layer; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; BUFFER LAYER; THERMAL-TREATMENT; GROWTH; SAPPHIRE AB A systematic study has been performed to determine the characteristics of an optimized nucleation layer for GaN growth on sapphire. The films were grown during GaN process development in a vertical close-spaced showerhead metalorganic chemical vapor deposition reactor. The relationship between growth process parameters and the resultant properties of low temperature GaN nucleation layers and high temperature epitaxial GaN films is detailed. In particular, we discuss the combined influence of nitridation conditions, V/III ratio, temperature and pressure on optimized nucleation layer formation required to achieve reproducible high mobility GaN epitaxy in this reactor geometry. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been used to study improvements in grain size and orientation of initial epitaxial film growth as a function of varied nitridation and nucleation layer process parameters. Improvements in film morphology and structure are directly related to Hall transport measurements of silicon-doped GaN films. Reproducible growth of silicon-doped GaN films having mobilities of 550 cm(2)/Vs with electron concentrations of 3 x 10(17) cm(-3), and defect densities less than 10(8) cm(-2) is reported. These represent the best reported results to date for GaN growth using a standard two-step process in this reactor geometry. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wickenden, AE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6800, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 16 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 3 BP 301 EP 307 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0031-0 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 177ZB UT WOS:000079240000031 ER PT J AU Eddy, CR Molnar, B AF Eddy, CR Molnar, B TI Plasma etch-induced conduction changes in gallium nitride SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC-40) CY JUN 24-26, 1998 CL UNIV VIRGINIA, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP TMS HO UNIV VIRGINIA DE damage; etching; GaN; mobility; plasma ID III-V NITRIDES; GAN; DRY; HYDROGEN; INN; DAMAGE; INGAN; INALN; ALN AB The effect-of plasma-etching damage on carrier transport; properties in GaN has been studied under various plasma conditions by monitoring the changes in sheet resistivity (rho(s)) and mobility (mu(s)) or the resistivity (R). All the etching experiments were performed in an electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma reactive ion etching (ECR-RIE) system. Consistent changes in the transport properties have been observed with increasing de bias (ion energy) in all plasmas except in those containing chlorine. With noble gas plasmas, the largest change in conductance was created when Ar, the heaviest ion, was accelerated to its highest voltage. In these Ar sputtering cases, substantial surface micro-roughening has been observed. These surfaces also display considerable nitrogen deficiency as measured by Auger electron spectroscopy. These observations suggest that preferential sputtering of nitrogen from the surface of GaN is one form of ion damage. The other is displacement damage. Both of these forms of ion damage are considered to be the direct-cause of the observed changes in the electrical properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eddy, CR (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 8 St Marys St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 20 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 15 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 3 BP 314 EP 318 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0033-y PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 177ZB UT WOS:000079240000033 ER PT J AU Rao, MV Tucker, J Holland, OW Papanicolaou, N Chi, PH Kretchmer, JW Ghezzo, M AF Rao, MV Tucker, J Holland, OW Papanicolaou, N Chi, PH Kretchmer, JW Ghezzo, M TI Donor ion-implantation doping into SiC SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC-40) CY JUN 24-26, 1998 CL UNIV VIRGINIA, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP TMS HO UNIV VIRGINIA DE activation; annealing; donors; ion-implantation; SiC ID SILICON-CARBIDE; NITROGEN; IMPURITIES; PHOSPHORUS AB In this paper, dopant electrical activation and dopant thermal stability results of As and Sb-implanted GH-Sie epitaxial layers and N ion implantations into bulk semi-insulating (SI) 4H-SiC are presented. In addition, empirical formulas for the first four statistical moments (range, straggle, skewmess, and kurtosis) of the implant depth distributions of N and P ion implants are developed in the energy range of 50 keV to 4 MeV. The nitrogen ion-implantations in SI 4H-SiC yield an acceptable (27%) room-temperature electrical activation (ratio of measured sheet-carrier concentration at room-temperature to the implant dose) for N concentrations of 2 x 10(19) cm(-3). The As and Sb implants out-diffuse during annealing and yield low (<20%) room-temperature electrical activation for implant concentrations of 10(19) cm(-3). The N and P implant depth distributions in SiC can be simulated using the Pearson IV distribution function and the range statistics provided by the empirical formulas. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. GE, Corp Res & Dev, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. RP Rao, MV (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 3 BP 334 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0036-8 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 177ZB UT WOS:000079240000036 ER PT J AU Lee, M AF Lee, M TI Finite element modeling of the acoustic wave propagation from a cavity near a free-surface SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lee, M (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Seoul, South Korea. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 1999 VL 121 IS 1 BP 205 EP 208 DI 10.1115/1.2822004 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 182TB UT WOS:000079513300027 ER PT J AU Strickland, DJ Cox, RJ Meier, RR Drob, DP AF Strickland, DJ Cox, RJ Meier, RR Drob, DP TI Global O/N-2 derived from DE 1 FUV dayglow data: Technique and examples from two storm periods SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IMF B-Y; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; UPPER THERMOSPHERE; COLUMN DENSITY; SOLAR EUV; LATITUDE; MIDDLE; CIRCULATION; IONOSPHERE; AIRGLOW AB A technique is presented for deriving the column abundance of O relative to N-2 (designated as O/N-2 and referenced to an N-2 depth of 10(17) cm(-2)) from DE 1 imager dayglow data. For the band-pass filter of interest, the data are dominated by O I 130.4, nm with minor contributions from O I 135.6 nm and N-2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield. The technique relies on a first-principles calculation of the intensity I-1P for the given band pass. Independent variables are solar zenith angle S, look angle D, and O/N-2. There is a degree of nonuniqueness between I-1P and O/N-2 (similar to 10%), which is accounted for in our error analysis. A bias exists between I-1P and a given data set owing to errors in cross sections, the assumed solar EUV flux, and calibration. The bias is removed by scaling I-1P to agree with quiet time data as close in time as possible with the data set of interest. A comparison of the behavior of I-1P versus S and D is made with the empirical model of Craven and colleagues [Craven ct al., 1994; Nicholas cf al., 1997; Immel et al., 1997], which shows satisfactory agreement for S > 40 degrees but some significant departures at smaller angles. Sequences of O/N-2 images over 2-day periods are presented for geomagnetic storms commencing on days 267 and 295, 1981. Both storms produced major O depleted patches at midlatitudes to high latitudes, with extreme values of O/N-2 more than a factor of 2 smaller than undisturbed values. The results also show longitudinal motions of the patches over the reporting periods. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Strickland, DJ (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, 2750 Prosper Ave,Suite 600, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014; Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115 NR 32 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A3 BP 4251 EP 4266 DI 10.1029/98JA02817 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 171NK UT WOS:000078870000001 ER PT J AU Drob, DP Meier, RR Picone, JM Strickland, DJ Cox, RJ Nicholas, AC AF Drob, DP Meier, RR Picone, JM Strickland, DJ Cox, RJ Nicholas, AC TI Atomic oxygen in the thermosphere during the July 13, 1982, solar proton event deduced from far ultraviolet images SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOMAGNETIC STORM; COLUMN DENSITY; FUV DAYGLOW; MODEL; MESOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; MIDDLE; O/N-2 AB The far ultraviolet (FUV) analysis technique of Strickland et al. [this issue] is used to infer height-integrated O/N-2 column densities from O I-130.3-nm FUV dayglow images taken by the Dynamics Explorer 1 (DE 1) spin scan auroral imager (SAI) [Frank et al., 1981] during a large solar proton event that occurred on July 13, 1982, The FUV results show that O/N-2 decreases in the northern hemisphere as a result of seasonal and storm time effects. Furthermore, these decreases differ significantly from corresponding predictions made by the MSISE-90 model of Hedin et al. [1991]. The FUV-derived O/N-2 column densities are compared to in situ volume density and neutral temperature ([O], [N-2], T-n) measurements made from the Dynamics Explorer 2 (DE 2) satellite [Carignan et al., 1981; Spencer et al., 1981]. The comparisons are made using two techniques. In the first approach, ground truth estimates of O/N-2 column densities are made from the in situ measurements. In the second approach, [O] volume densities are inferred from the FUV measurements of O/N-2 column density and directly compared to direct DE 2 neutral atmosphere composition spectrometer (NACS) measurements of [O]. While some discrepancies exist, the results show that reasonable estimates of the atomic oxygen volume density [O] during the July 13, 1982, solar proton event could be made using the FUV images. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Drob, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM drob@uap.nrl.navy.mil RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014; Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A3 BP 4267 EP 4278 DI 10.1029/1998JA900064 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 171NK UT WOS:000078870000002 ER PT J AU Rowland, HL AF Rowland, HL TI Simulations of ELF radiation generated by heating the high-latitude D region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AURORAL ELECTROJET; POLAR ELECTROJET; IONOSPHERE; HEATER; WAVES; PROPAGATION; EFFICIENCY; SATELLITE; FACILITY AB Three-dimensional simulations show the ELF (extremely low frequency) radiation generated by heating the high-latitude D region and modulating the polar electrojet The simulations use a time-varying current perturbation in the D region. The ELF radiation is calculated in the Earth- ionospheric waveguide to a radial distance of 2400 km. The angular and radial dependence and the polarization of the horizontal, ground-level magnetic field are determined. The radiation pattern is a combination of a linear dipole antenna and a right-hand circular antenna. At ELF frequencies because of low D region absorption the dipole is dominant. The polarization and field strength in the near-field can predict the orientation of the radiation pattern and the wave amplitude in the far-field. The near-field polarization indicates the direction and strength of the electrojet. As the electromagnetic wave propagates in the waveguide, it drives whistlers waves into the D region. Because of reflection from the D region the mode inside the waveguide is not purely transverse. This gives a counterclockwise rotation to the polarization. Directly above the heated region, waves are also launched along theEarth's magnetic field. The near-field polarization shows good agreement with observations from the high- power auroral stimulation array (HIPAS) and Tromso. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rowland, HL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A3 BP 4319 EP 4327 DI 10.1029/1998JA900156 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 171NK UT WOS:000078870000007 ER PT J AU Subrahmanyam, MB Biswas, SK AF Subrahmanyam, MB Biswas, SK TI Model reduction with a finite horizon H-infinity criterion SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB An important problem in flight control and Eying qualities is the approximation of a complex high-order system by a low-order model. For a given reduced-order model, we define the correlation measure between the plant and the model outputs to be the minimum of the ratio of weighted signal energy to weighted error energy. We give a criterion for the evaluation of the correlation measure in terms of minimization of a parameter occurring in a two-point boundary-value problem, Once the correlation measure for a given reduced-order model can be evaluated, a nonlinear programming algorithm can be used to select a model that maximizes the correlation between the plant and model outputs, The correlation index used can be regarded as an extension of the H-infinity performance criterion to the finite interval time-varying ease. However, the usual H-infinity problem seeks an optimal controller, whereas our problem Is to select the reduced-order model matrices that give the best correlation index. We also give an expression for the variation of the correlation due to parameter variations. The utilization of the theory is demonstrated by means of some examples. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Flight Control Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Subrahmanyam, MB (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Integrated Syst, Syst Engn, Orlando, FL 32819 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 22 IS 2 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.2514/2.4402 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 175PZ UT WOS:000079104700008 ER PT J AU Bevin, AA Viera, AJ AF Bevin, AA Viera, AJ TI Meningococcal disease outbreak associated with disco attendance SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. RP Viera, AJ (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 179 IS 3 BP 751 EP 751 DI 10.1086/314646 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 183RF UT WOS:000079566700036 PM 9952393 ER PT J AU Etzel, KR McCarthy, JM AF Etzel, KR McCarthy, JM TI Interpolation of spatial displacements using the Clifford Algebra of E-4 SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN LA English DT Article AB In this paper we show that the Clifford Algebra of four dimensional Euclidean space yields a set of hypercomplex numbers called "double quaternions." Interpolation formulas developed to generate Bezier-style quaternion curves are shown to be applicable to double quaternions by simply interpolating the components separately. The resulting double quaternion curves are independent of the coordinate frame in which the key frames are specified Double quaternions represent rotations in E-4 which we use to approximate spatial displacements. The result is a spatial motion interpolation methodology that is coordinate frame invariant to a desired degree of accuracy within a bounded region of three dimensional space. Examples demonstrate the application of this theory to computing distances between spatial displacement, determining the mid-point between two displacements, and generating the spatial motion interpolating a set of key frames. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Arlington, VA 22242 USA. RP USN, Sea Syst Command, 2531 Jefferson Davis Hwy, Arlington, VA 22242 USA. OI McCarthy, John/0000-0002-3991-4681 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1050-0472 J9 J MECH DESIGN JI J. Mech. Des. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 121 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1115/1.2829427 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 177TC UT WOS:000079226300008 ER PT J AU Pancrazio, JJ Ma, W Grant, GM Shaffer, KM Kao, WY Liu, QY Manos, P Barker, JL Stenger, DA AF Pancrazio, JJ Ma, W Grant, GM Shaffer, KM Kao, WY Liu, QY Manos, P Barker, JL Stenger, DA TI A role for inwardly rectifying K+ channels in differentiation of NG108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma cells SO JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE differentiation; HERG; immunocytochemistry; inward rectifier; neuroblastoma; patch clamp; potassium channel; resting membrane potential; RT-PCR; serum-free medium ID HYBRID-CELLS; POTASSIUM CONDUCTANCE; CURRENTS; PROLIFERATION; RECTIFIER; SIGNAL; LINE AB The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to assess the current carried by inwardly rectifying K+ channels (K-ir) and the resting membrane potential (RMP) during long-term culture of NG108-15 cells. Culture of this cell line in serum-free medium triggers differentiation of a type I, neuron-like cell type followed hy an eventual predominance of a type III proliferative cell type, NG108-15 K-ir currents, which strongly resemble currents carried by human ether-ago-go related gene (HERG) K+ channels, exhibited significantly smaller current density for the more depolarized undifferentiated cells in growth media (GM) and type II cells compared to the neuron-like type I cells. Detailed examination of the transition from undifferentiated GM cells to type I cells revealed a shift in the voltage dependence of K-ir activation which paralleled the more hyperpolarized RMP, neurite outgrowth, and biochemical differentiation characteristic of type I cells. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction experiments using primers for the rat variant of HERG, RERG, revealed a a nearly twofold increase in RERG mRNA as cells differentiate from GM to type I, a finding entirely consistent with the increased K-ir current density derived from patch-clamp recordings, Administration of CsCl (5 mM) blocked K-ir currents and depolarized the RMP of type I cells. Furthermore, culture of NG108-15 cells in serum-free medium but with CsCl added significantly prevented neurite extension, an effect which was entirely reversible upon subsequent removal of CsCl, In contrast, other K+ channel inhibitors (4-aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium), at concentrations without marked effects on K-ir, failed to affect neurite extension. These results suggest an important role of the K-ir channels in determining the RMP and triggering morphological differentiation of the cell line. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NINDS, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Stenger, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0022-3034 J9 J NEUROBIOL JI J. Neurobiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 38 IS 4 BP 466 EP 474 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4695(199903)38:4<466::AID-NEU3>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 172BN UT WOS:000078902400003 PM 10084682 ER PT J AU Czertak, DJ Hennrikus, WL AF Czertak, DJ Hennrikus, WL TI The treatment of pediatric femur fractures with early 90-90 Spica casting SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS LA English DT Article DE femur fracture; spica cast ID FEMORAL-SHAFT FRACTURES; CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD AB Twenty-three consecutive children younger than 6 years with a closed femoral shaft fracture stemming from low-energy trauma were treated with an early spica cast. With the patient under general anesthesia, a fiberglass cast was applied in sections. A short-leg cast was applied first, and then the patient was placed on the spica table. The hip and knee were flexed to 90 degrees, and traction was applied to the injured limb via the short-leg cast while the cast was completed. The popliteal fossa was well padded, and a valgus mold was placed at the fracture site. The average number of days in the spica cast was 42 (range, 18-57 days). Average shortening of the fracture at the time of cast removal was 1.0 cm (range, 0.1-2.1 cm). Final patient examinations were performed 18-24 months after the fracture. Overgrowth averaged 1.1 cm in the femur (range, 0.5-1.9 cm) and 0.4 cm (0-0.7 cm) in the tibia. Limb lengths in each patient were within 1 cm of the contralateral limb when measured by scanogram and by blocks. The success of early spica cast treatment in this series can be attributed to strict patient selection and meticulous cast application. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Orthopaed, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Hennrikus, WL (reprint author), Valley Childrens Hosp, Dept Orthopaed, 9300 Valley Childrens Pl, Madera, CA 93638 USA. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-6798 J9 J PEDIATR ORTHOPED JI J. Pediatr. Orthop. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 19 IS 2 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1097/00004694-199903000-00018 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Pediatrics SC Orthopedics; Pediatrics GA 193BD UT WOS:000080114700018 PM 10088694 ER PT J AU Sonnier, KE Horning, GM Cohen, ME AF Sonnier, KE Horning, GM Cohen, ME TI Palatal tubercles, palatal tori, and mandibular tori: Prevalence and anatomical features in a US population SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exostoses torus; palatal; torus, mandibular; tubercles, palatal; grafts, bone; surgical flaps AB The prevalence and features of 3 types exostoses commonly encountered during periodontal surgery were studied in a sample of 328 modern American skulls drawn from the collection at the American Museum of Natural History. Measurements were made of the height, width, and breadth of exostoses. The relationship to teeth or other skeletal structures was also recorded. Palatal tubercles were observed in 56% of all skulls (69% of all dentate skulls), with higher prevalences among males and African-Americans. Palatal tubercles were commonly associated with second and third molars, and were usually directly lateral to and a mean of 11.4 mm from the greater palatine foramen. Mandibular tori were observed in 27% of all skulls (42% of dentate skulls), with higher prevalences seen among African-Americans and males. The importance of these findings relates to the frequent need for exostosis removal to permit proper frap adaptation, especially in the posterior maxilla, and to the potential use of the mandibular and palatal tori as sources of autogenous cortical bone. C1 USN, Dent Clin, Jacksonville, FL USA. USN, Sch Dent, NNDC, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Dent Res Inst, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Sonnier, KE (reprint author), USN, Sch Dent, NNDC, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 22 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 70 IS 3 BP 329 EP 336 DI 10.1902/jop.1999.70.3.329 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 186ZJ UT WOS:000079761200012 PM 10225550 ER PT J AU Schindel, L AF Schindel, L TI Effect of nonuniform nozzle flow on scramjet performance SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 33rd Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 06-09, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, SAE, ASEE C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Schindel, L (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 2 BP 363 EP 364 DI 10.2514/2.5435 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 176QN UT WOS:000079163400028 ER PT J AU Forsnes, EV Eggleston, MK Heaton, JO AF Forsnes, EV Eggleston, MK Heaton, JO TI Enterovesical fistula complicating pregnancy - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE fistula; pregnancy complications; enterovesical fistula AB BACKGROUND: Enterovesical fistula is a rare cause of recurrent urinary tract infections. This condition is unusual in young people as common etiologies include diverticular disease and cancer. When an enterovesical fistula occurs in women of childbearing age, Crohn's disease is a likely cause. To our knowledge, enterovesical fistula complicating pregnancy has not been reported before. CASE: A pregnant woman with recurrent urinary tract infections was evaluated. Cystoscopy was suggestive of an enterovesical fistula, which was confirmed by charcoaluria following oral charcoal administration. The prenatal course Tons complicated by two episodes of hemorrhagic cystitis despite antibiotic prophylaxis. The patient had an uncomplicated term spontaneous vaginal delivery. An upper gastrointestinal series performed postpartum was suggestive of Crohn's disease and confirmed an enterovesical fistula. Surgical repair was successfully performed three months following delivery, revealing Crohn's disease. CONCLUSION: Enterovesical fistula may be an unusual cause of recurrent urinary tract infections in pregnancy. In this case, enterovesical fistula was the presenting symptom of Crohn's disease. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Camp Lejeune, NC 28545 USA. RP Forsnes, EV (reprint author), 1106 Clifton Rd, Jacksonville, NC 28540 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA P.O. DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 44 IS 3 BP 297 EP 298 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 183GH UT WOS:000079545500011 PM 10202750 ER PT J AU Quartararo, AT AF Quartararo, AT TI A silent minority: Deaf education in Spain, 1550-1835. SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Quartararo, AT (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV PRESS PI PITTSBURGH PA CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV J SOCIAL HIST, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA SN 0022-4529 J9 J SOC HIST JI J. Soc. Hist. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 32 IS 3 BP 705 EP 707 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 174AY UT WOS:000079013000019 ER PT J AU Vanderah, TA Wong-Ng, W Toby, BH Browning, VM Shull, RD Geyer, RG Roth, RS AF Vanderah, TA Wong-Ng, W Toby, BH Browning, VM Shull, RD Geyer, RG Roth, RS TI Characterization of ternary compounds in the BaO : Fe2O3 : TiO2 system: Ba6Fe45Ti17O106 and BaFe11Ti3O23 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIFFRACTION; CHEMISTRY; FERRITE; SOLIDS; OXIDES AB Single crystals of Ba6Fe45Ti17O106 and BaFe11Ti3O23 were obtained as major and minor coproducts, respectively, by slow-cooling an off-stoichiometric BaO:Fe2O3:TiO2 melt. The former compound exhibits variable stoichiometry, Ba6Fe48-xTi14+xO106, with the Fe:Ti ratio dependent upon the partial pressure of oxygen. The value of x corresponds to the equivalents of reduction that occur to maintain electroneutrality as the Ti-content increases. When prepared in air, this phase occurs at x = 3 with the stoichiometry Ba6Fe45Ti17O106, while in 100% oxygen the x-value approaches zero with the resulting stoichiometry Ba6Fe48Ti14O106 (all Fe3+ and Ti4+). The structures of Ba6Fe45Ti17O106 and BaFe11Ti3O23 were solved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Ba6Fe45Ti17O106 was prepared in polycrystalline form, and further structural details, including accurate Fe/Ti occupancy factors, were determined by a combined refinement using neutron and synchrotron powder diffraction data. (Ba6Fe45Ti17O106: Space group C2/m (No. 12); 19.390(1) Angstrom, b = 20.260(1) Angstrom, c = 10.076(1) Angstrom, beta= 105.27(1)degrees; V = 3818.5(3) Angstrom(3); Z = 2; rho(calc) = 5.08 g/cm(3). Ba6Fe11 Ti3O23: Space group C2/c (No. 15); a = 19.561(1) Angstrom, b= 8.6614(7) A, c = 10.120(1) Angstrom, beta = 105.62(1)degrees; V = 1651.1(3) Angstrom(3); Z = 4; rho(calc)=5.08g/cm(3).) Both compounds adopt eight-layer close-packed structures built from alternating ccp and hcp [O,(Ba, O)] layers stacked along the a-direction with a (ch)(4) repeat sequence. Both structures feature octahedral sites occupied by a mixture of Fe and Ti as well as tetrahedral sites occupied by Fe3+; the structural formulas are (Ba6 Fe6)-Ba-XII-Fe-IV (VI)(Fe39Ti17)O-106 and Ba-XII Fe-IV(2) (VI)(Fe9Ti3)O-23. Both compounds are partially reduced; the former contains 3 moles of Fe2+ (or Ti3+) per formula unit, and the latter contains 1 mole. The formation of Fe2+ is considered more likely than Ti3+, but could not be experimentally confirmed. BaFe11Ti3O23 is apparently metastable in air when cooled from above the solidus and could not be prepared as a polycrystalline sample. Indexed experimental Xray powder diffraction data for Ba6Fe45Ti17O106 are given. Polycrystalline samples of this compound were used to measure its magnetic and electrical properties. The magnetic behavior of Ba6Fe45Ti17O106 above room temperature up to 1073K was found to obey the Curie-Weiss law, which indicated a small effective magnetic moment (34 mu(B) per mole Ba6Fe45Ti17O106) and a large negative temperature intercept (- 806 K). Electrical resistivity measurements between room temperature and 120 K revealed nonmetallic behavior with an activation energy on the order of 0.17eV. At 347 MWz under ambient conditions, Ba6Fe45Ti17O106 exhibited a relative permittivity of 24 and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.10. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vanderah, TA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013; Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285; NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 EI 1095-726X J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 143 IS 2 BP 182 EP 197 DI 10.1006/jssc.1999.8075 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 182MK UT WOS:000079502600005 ER PT J AU Graham, BS Barrett, TL Goltz, RW AF Graham, BS Barrett, TL Goltz, RW TI Nodular fasciitis: Response to intralesional corticosteroids SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Nodular fasciitis is one of the more common soft-tissue lesions, frequently presenting as a rapidly enlarging subcutaneous mass on the arm. Management is usually surgical excision; however, large infiltrative lesions may be difficult to manage. We describe a patient in whom intralesional corticosteroid injections provided rapid resolution. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Med Editing Div, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Graham, BS (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Med Editing Div, Dept Dermatol, Code AVA,34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 7 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 40 IS 3 BP 490 EP 492 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(99)70506-2 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 171MH UT WOS:000078867300019 PM 10071327 ER PT J AU Lee, HS Yang, XQ Xiang, C McBreen, J Callahan, JH Choi, LS AF Lee, HS Yang, XQ Xiang, C McBreen, J Callahan, JH Choi, LS TI Synthesis of anion receptor grafted siloxane polymers and the ionic conductivity studies of polymer-salt complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A new type of ionic conducting polymers has been synthesized by grafting anion receptors on siloxane polymer backbones. The polymer electrolytes were formed by complexing these polymers with LiCl salt. The room temperature conductivity is in the range of 7 X 10(-8) to 4 X 10(-6) S cm(-1) and depends on the structures of grafted anion receptors and the polymer backbones. These values are close to the conductivities of poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymer electrolytes. The temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity of these polymer electrolytes was also studied. The unique feature and an interesting point of this new type of polymer electrolytes is that the ion complexation is formed between the attached anion receptors and the anions, and there are no ethylene oxide groups in these polymers. The anion receptors are based on aza-ether structures with electron-withdrawing groups attached on them. In contrast to this, in poly(ethylene oxide)-based electrolyte systems, the complexation is formed between the oxygen atoms in the ethylene oxide groups of the polymer and the cations. The complexation between the anion receptors and anions in this new type of polymer electrolytes was confirmed by near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectra. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(98)06-081-9. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, HS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 146 IS 3 BP 941 EP 946 DI 10.1149/1.1391703 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 178XG UT WOS:000079294000018 ER PT J AU Madan, RN Rao, NSV AF Madan, RN Rao, NSV TI Special issue on information/decision fusion with engineering applications SO JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE-ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Madan, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-0032 J9 J FRANKLIN I JI J. Frankl. Inst.-Eng. Appl. Math. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 336 IS 2 BP 199 EP 204 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA 155LQ UT WOS:000077948800001 ER PT J AU Overfelt, PL White, DJ AF Overfelt, PL White, DJ TI Analytic expression for Fresnel diffraction: comment SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Editorial Material AB In a recent paper by P. Wang ef al. [J. Opt. Sec. Am. A 15, 684 (1998)] an analytic expression for calculating Fresnel diffraction is presented. Several mathematical problems with this analysis have been observed. In this comment, corrections to the analysis of Wang et al. are offered as well as an alternative view of this analysis. New formulas based on series of exponential polynomials that are everywhere convergent are derived. These new formulas eliminate the need to split the computational problem into two distinct regions. New series representations for two of the most important combinations of the Lommel functions of two variables are offered. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(99)01603-8]. C1 USN, Phys Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Overfelt, PL (reprint author), USN, Phys Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 16 IS 3 BP 613 EP 615 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.16.000613 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 170AQ UT WOS:000078783300021 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL AF Jensen, KL TI Semianalytical model of electron source potential barriers SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference (IVMC 98) CY JUL 19-23, 1998 CL ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA SP IEEE, Amer Vacuum Soc, N Carolina State Univ, Off Continuing & Profess Educ ID FIELD AB Potential barrier profiles are developed for the study of field and thermionic emission electron sources. The model consists of the exchange and correlation potential, an ionic core potential to correct the ''jellium'' model, a triangular representation of the barrier, and a numerical integration of Poisson's equation to evaluate the dipole potential. As a test, evaluations of the work function of various metals are made which rely on "effective'' ionic radii which are often close to the actual ionic radii, and a good correspondence is found between the potential profiles and an "analytic" image charge potential. Modifications to the parameters inherent in the Richardson-Laue-Dushman and Fowler-Nordheim equations, so as to obtain current density estimates, are described. The method is suggested to be suitable for the analysis of more complex potential barrier profiles which are encountered in actual (realistic) thermionic and field emission electron sources, in that it captures the behavior of the exchange-correlation potential near the surface and includes those effects in the image charge potential. [S0734-211X(99)00302-9]. C1 USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Code 6841, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 17 IS 2 BP 515 EP 519 DI 10.1116/1.590664 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 186YT UT WOS:000079759500046 ER PT J AU Jensen, AE Cheville, NF Thoen, CO MacMillan, AP Miller, WG AF Jensen, AE Cheville, NF Thoen, CO MacMillan, AP Miller, WG TI Genomic fingerprinting and development of a dendrogram for Brucella spp. isolated from seals, porpoises, and dolphins SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; STRAIN RB51; DIFFERENTIATION; DNA; POLYMORPHISM; MELITENSIS; CHROMOSOME; ABORTUS; GENUS; BISON AB Genomic DNA from reference strains and biovars of the genus Brucella was analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Fingerprints were compared to estimate genetic relatedness among the strains and to obtain information on evolutionary relationships. Electrophoresis of DNA digested with the restriction endonuclease XbaI produced fragment profiles for the reference type strains that distinguished these strains to the level of species. Included in this study were strains isolated from marine mammals. The PFGE profiles from these strains were compared with those obtained from the reference strains and biovars. Isolates from dolphins had similar profiles that were distinct from profiles of Brucella isolates from seals and porpoises. Distance matrix analyses were used to produce a dendrogram Biovars of B. abortus were clustered together in the dendrogram; similar clusters were shown for biovars of B. melitensis and for biovars of B, suis. Brucella ovis, B. canis, and B. neotomae differed from each other and from B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis. The relationship between B. abortus strain RB51 and other Brucella biovars was compared because this strain has replaced B. abortus strain 19 for use as a live vaccine in cattle and possibly in bison and elk. These results support the current taxonomy of Brucella species and the designation of an additional genomic group(s) of Brucella. The PFGE analysis in conjunction with distance matrix analysis was a useful tool for calculating genetic relatedness among the Brucella species. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FAO, WHO, Ctr Brucellosis Ref & Res, OIE Brucellosis Ref Lab,Cent Vet Lab, Weybridge, Surrey, England. USN, Command Control Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Jensen, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 11 IS 2 BP 152 EP 157 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 172MQ UT WOS:000078928700008 PM 10098687 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Adams, LG Ficht, TA Cheville, NF Payeur, JP Harley, DR House, C Ridgway, SH AF Miller, WG Adams, LG Ficht, TA Cheville, NF Payeur, JP Harley, DR House, C Ridgway, SH TI Brucella-induced abortions and infection in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; Brucella delphini; abortion; placentitis; zoonosis ID ABORTUS; LOCUS; CETACEANS; MAMMALS; CANADA; HUMANS; SEALS; GOATS; GENE AB Two bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) aborted fetuses that died as a result of Brucella infection. Brucella placentitis occurred in both cases. Infected placenta and vaginal/uterine fluids may transmit Brucella species to other cetaceans. In a third case, an identical organism was cultured from lung necropsy tissue of an adult female T. truncatus. Microbiology, specific polymerase chain reaction, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis results supported the designation of an additional genomic group(s), Brucella delphini, for isolates adapted to T. truncatus. Current serologic diagnostic tests reliable for known Brucella species are unreliable in detecting dolphin brucellosis. Our findings, together with previous reports, suggest that dolphin brucellosis is a naturally occurring disease that can adversely impact reproduction in cetaceans. The zoonotic significance of cetncean brucellosis is unknown, although the disease has not been reported in people who have frequent contact with dolphins. Further studies. on the zoonotic aspects, distribution, prevalence, virulence, and impact of this disease in cetaceans and other marine mammal species are needed. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, VS, APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USDA, VS, APHIS, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Miller, WG (reprint author), USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Code D352,49620 Beluga Rd, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 35 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1 BP 100 EP 110 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 194QU UT WOS:000080205700015 PM 10367651 ER PT J AU Gilmore, EM AF Gilmore, EM TI Chilean theatre and modernity: Identity and social crisis SO LATIN AMERICAN THEATRE REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Gilmore, EM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV KANSAS PI LAWRENCE PA CENTER OF LATIN AMER STUDIES, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0023-8813 J9 LAT AM THEATRE REV JI Lat. Am. Theat. Rev. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 32 IS 2 BP 180 EP 182 PG 3 WC Theater SC Theater GA 199UA UT WOS:000080500700023 ER PT J AU Xu, ZS Lemieux, RP Natansohn, A Rochon, P Shashidhar, R AF Xu, ZS Lemieux, RP Natansohn, A Rochon, P Shashidhar, R TI Synthesis and characterization of novel ferroelectric liquid crystals and copolymers containing biphenyl azobenzene and/or phenyl biphenyl carboxylate mesogenic groups SO LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS POLARIZATION; OPTICAL STORAGE; POLYMERS; MOIETIES; FILMS AB Two new ferroelectric liquid crystals. 4-[(S)-1-(ethoxycarbonyl)] ethyl 4-[4'-(9-decenyloxy)-biphenyl] azobenzoate (10) and its ester analogue 4-[(S)-1-(ethoxycarbonyl)] ethyl ([4-(9-decenyloxy)] biphenyl-4'-yl)carbonyloxybenzoate (17), and side chain polysiloxane copolymers and terpolymers containing various amounts of 10 and 17 as mesogenic side groups have been synthesized. Their mesomorphic and physical properties have been characterized. Both 10 and 17 exhibit isotropic, SmA*, SmC*, and Sm(I or F)* phases. The copolymer with 17 as the mesogenic group and terpolymers having low content of the azo compound 10 show a SmC* phase over a large temperature range down to room temperature. The copolymer with the azo compound 10 as the mesogenic group is amorphous. C1 Queens Univ, Dept Chem, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Royal Mil Coll Canada, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7K 5L0, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Natansohn, A (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Chem, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0267-8292 J9 LIQ CRYST JI Liq. Cryst. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 26 IS 3 BP 351 EP 359 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 174NJ UT WOS:000079041000003 ER PT J AU Heuer, WB Lee, HS Kim, OK AF Heuer, WB Lee, HS Kim, OK TI Spectral properties of hemicyanine dye in confinement by helical amylose SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article AB Hemicyanine dye structure is modified with a C-16-alkyl chain to amino-head and a C-1, C-8 or C-16 alkyl to pyridinium-tail. Spectral properties of the dyes in supramolecular inclusion complexation with amylose ate studied in order to assess the mono-functional polarity sensing activity of the pyridinium cations in DMSO-H2O mixtures. Inclusion complexation brings the lambda(max) of C(16)DASPC(1) dye to a blue-shift (relative to that of the free dye state) while that of C(16)DASP(C-8 and C-16) dyes remains almost unchanged. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kim, OK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 138 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.1002/masy.19991380109 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 215LZ UT WOS:000081384300008 ER PT J AU Tressler, JF Howarth, TR AF Tressler, JF Howarth, TR TI Thin, low frequency, high displacement actuator panels SO MATERIALS RESEARCH INNOVATIONS LA English DT Article DE piezoelectric composite; piezocomposite; piezoelectric actuator; piezoelectric transducer; active vibration control; adaptive structures; smart structures ID CO-FORMED ACCELEROMETER; SMART ACTUATOR; PERFORMANCE; TRANSDUCER; TECHNOLOGY; CYMBAL; SOUND AB An advanced type of thin, high displacement, low frequency actuator panel is being developed for in-air active vibro-acoustic control applications. The 10 cmx10 cm actuator panel consists of cymbal-type flextensional sub-elements placed mechanically and electrically in parallel with each other between two stiff cover plates. The total thickness of the actuator panel is 6.35 mm. Two panel designs are currently under investigation. One consists of sixty-four 12.7 mm diameter cymbals in an 8x8 square arrangement. It is intended for use in the frequency band from 1 kHz to 10 kHz. The other panel has sixteen 25.4 mm diameter elements in a 4x4 square configuration and is designed for use below 1 kHz. Laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements show peak displacements on the order of 1 Ccm or more are obtained when driving the panels at one Volt at their respective resonance frequencies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tressler, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tressler@acoustics.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-8917 J9 MATER RES INNOV JI Mater. Res. Innov. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 2 IS 5 BP 270 EP 277 DI 10.1007/s100190050097 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 188AP UT WOS:000079821800005 ER PT J AU Hourani, LL Yuan, HX AF Hourani, LL Yuan, HX TI The mental health status of women in the Navy and Marine Corps: Preliminary findings from the perceptions of wellness and readiness assessment SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW SCHEDULE; NATIONAL-COMORBIDITY-SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; BULIMIA-NERVOSA; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; COMMUNITY; SAMPLE AB The 1995 Perceptions of Wellness and Readiness Assessment was designed to provide baseline health and risk-factor information on the physical and mental health status of women in the U.S, Navy and Marine Corps and to make comparisons both within military subpopulations and with civilian populations. A population-based, multi-stage, cluster sample of 782 active duty Navy and Marine Corps women and men were administered a structured computerized telephone interview to make Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-III-R psychiatric diagnoses. Estimates were 40 and 21% for overall lifetime and 1-year prevalence of psychiatric disorders, respectively. Women had about five times the risk of experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder than men and about twice the risk of a major depressive episode. Of all personnel meeting diagnostic criteria for an active mental disorder, only 19% sought mental health cafe in the last year. Women generally sought treatment more readily than men. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Sci, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Hourani, LL (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Sci, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 47 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 164 IS 3 BP 174 EP 181 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 176LX UT WOS:000079153800003 PM 10091489 ER PT J AU Reed, KC Crowell, MC Castro, MD Sloan, ML AF Reed, KC Crowell, MC Castro, MD Sloan, ML TI Skin and soft-tissue infections after injury in the ocean: Culture methods and antibiotic therapy for marine bacteria SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Isolated organisms from two common Indo-Pacific marine animals (Echinometra mathaei urchins and Acanthaster planci sea stars) likely to cause puncture wounds to recreational beachcombers, divers, or operational military forces during amphibious assaults demonstrate why practitioners should consider their first choice for potential antibiotic therapy differently from their usual favorite antibiotics. The effects of thiosulfate-citrate-bile-sucrose (TCBS) agar, varying salt concentrations in the standard media, and comparison of room temperature incubation versus use of the 30 degrees C (86 degrees F) incubator are reviewed. The yield of pathogenic marine bacteria is increased if TCBS agar is used and more than one temperature is used for incubation. A potentially significant human pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus, appears to be ubiquitous. C1 US Naval Hosp Okinawa, Ancillary Serv, Okinawa, Japan. US Naval Hosp Okinawa, Div Microbiol, Okinawa, Japan. Naval Hosp, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. RP Reed, KC (reprint author), US Naval Hosp Okinawa, Ancillary Serv, Okinawa, Japan. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 164 IS 3 BP 198 EP 201 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 176LX UT WOS:000079153800007 PM 10091493 ER PT J AU Hunke, EC Zhang, Y AF Hunke, EC Zhang, Y TI A comparison of sea ice dynamics models at high resolution SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ATLANTIC CIRCULATION; NUMERICAL-MODEL; SIMULATION; CLIMATE; OCEAN AB An elastic-viscous-plastic (EVP) model fur sea ice dynamics has recently been proposed as a computationally efficient alternative to the viscous-plastic (VP) model widely in use. The EVP model features a fully explicit discretization that improves the model's efficiency, particularly on high-resolution grids, and adapts easily to parallel computation. Comparison of two high-resolution Arctic sea ice simulations, identical except for the ice dynamics, indicates that the EVP model reproduces the VP model behavior on timescales relevant to climate studies. The ice concentration and thickness distributions over a l-yr integration period are remarkably similar in the two models, although the EVP model responds more rapidly and accurately to strong synoptic weather systems than does the VP model, compared to drifting Arctic buoys. A close look at rates of strain shows that elastic waves in the EVP model do not significantly alter the ice behavior in highly compact areas, where the waves most benefit numerical efficiency. Internal stress of the ice is also similar in the two models; both deviate from viscoplasticity in regions of nearly rigid ice and in regions of low concentration undergoing approximately free drift motion. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T3, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OCH-Zh, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM zhangy@meeker.ucar.edu NR 20 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 127 IS 3 BP 396 EP 408 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<0396:ACOSID>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 171NH UT WOS:000078869700009 ER PT J AU Miller, MO Combs, JA AF Miller, MO Combs, JA TI The next underway replenishment system SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB During the past century the Navy conceived and operated five different Underway Replenishment (UNREP) systems. AU of the systems produced lessons that have some application to developing the Navy's next UNREP system. These lessons are discussed, shortcomings of the current UNREP system are listed, goals for the next UNREP system are set, and concepts for designing the next UNREP system are described. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Underway Replenishment Dept, Port Hueneme Div, Port Hueneme, CA USA. RP Miller, MO (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Underway Replenishment Dept, Port Hueneme Div, Port Hueneme, CA USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 111 IS 2 BP 45 EP 55 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 182UT UT WOS:000079517100007 ER PT J AU Mulhern, FM Anderson, A Macander, A Matulich, A Quillen, AT Torfin, SM Walls, RJ AF Mulhern, FM Anderson, A Macander, A Matulich, A Quillen, AT Torfin, SM Walls, RJ TI Deck Ops 2020: A vision for future deck operations SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Stringent signature control, extremely low manning numbers, and reduced total ownership costs are themes that characterize future U.S. Navy surface ship designs. The traditional world of deck systems must evolve to meet this new challenge. The Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWCCD) established an Innovation Center team (named DeckOps 2020) to investigate both existing and potential deck systems for the future Fleet of surface ships. The team co-authored this paper which highlights several of the recommended alternatives for deck systems using new technologies and new techniques. The focus of this paper is the Zero Manning On Deck (Z-MOD) surface combatant. It is entirely feasible, as well as highly desirable, to design a surface combatant which requires no topside human presence in order to accomplish all normal underway evolutions. By removing the sailor from the weather deck, the topside systems required to support human presence on the weather deck can be removed, resulting in lower radar cross section clutter, a lower topside maintenance burden, and reduced total ownership costs. The Z-MOD surface combatant design approach provides the means to turn the artists' conception paintings of smooth and sleek futuristic ships into functional reality. C1 USN, Weapons Cargo Handling Syst Branch, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div,Naval Ship Syst Eng Stn, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Mulhern, FM (reprint author), USN, Weapons Cargo Handling Syst Branch, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div,Naval Ship Syst Eng Stn, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 111 IS 2 BP 57 EP 67 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 182UT UT WOS:000079517100008 ER PT J AU Goldsman, D Kang, KB Seila, AF AF Goldsman, D Kang, KB Seila, AF TI Cramer-von Mises variance estimators for simulations SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STANDARDIZED TIME-SERIES; CONFIDENCE-INTERVAL ESTIMATORS AB We study estimators for the variance parameter sigma(2) of a stationary process. The estimators are based on weighted Cramer-von Mises statistics, and certain weightings yield estimators that are "first-order unbiased" for sigma(2). We derive an expression for the asymptotic variance of the new estimators; this expression is then used to obtain the first-order unbiased estimator having the smallest variance among fu;ed-degree polynomial weighting functions. Our work is based on asymptotic theory; however, we present exact and empirical examples to demonstrate the new estimators' small-sample robustness. We use a single batch of observations to derive the estimators' asymptotic properties, and then we compare the new estimators among one another. In real-life applications, one would use more than one batch; we indicate how this generalization can be carried out. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Goldsman, D (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 47 IS 2 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.1287/opre.47.2.299 PG 11 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 231QE UT WOS:000082320700011 ER PT J AU Bolger, WE Keyes, AS Lanza, DC AF Bolger, WE Keyes, AS Lanza, DC TI Use of the superior meatus and superior turbinate in the endoscopic approach to the sphenoid sinus SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 16-22, 1995 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg ID COMPLICATIONS; SURGERY AB Endoscopic surgery of the posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses can present the operator with a considerable challenge. Although endoscopic training and physician experience have increased significantly in the past decade, surgical complications such as optic nerve trauma and cerebrospinal fluid leak still occur. Surgeons reporting such complications cite a lack of orientation within the dissection field as a primary cause. Because endoscopic sinus surgery is now being performed more routinely, surgical strategies designed to reduce the risk of complications are more important than ever. An anatomic landmark that could reliably orient the dissection within the posterior ethmoids and guide the surgeon to the sphenoid sinus could reduce the possibility of such adverse outcomes. In our experience identification of the superior meatus and superior turbinate provides a reliable landmark within the dissection field that can ensure surgical orientation to the operator. This technique allows safe, reliable dissection of the posterior ethmoids and an efficient approach to the sphenoid sinus, especially in patients undergoing revision surgery. In this article our technique for the identification and definition of the superior meatus and superior turbinate is presented, and the advantages of using this landmark in sinus surgery are discussed. In our experience identification of the superior meatus, superior turbinate, posterior skull base, and medial orbital wall defines a parallelogram-shaped box, which delineates the sphenoid face, This box provides the necessary orientation to guide the surgeon's entrance into the sphenoid sinus through the posterior ethmoid sinus (as Messerklinger described). Techniques for identifying the superior turbinate and meatus and for entering the sphenoid are detailed. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Div Rhinol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Bolger, WE (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 120 IS 3 BP 308 EP 313 DI 10.1016/S0194-5998(99)70267-6 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 174TL UT WOS:000079051200004 PM 10064630 ER PT J AU Guth, PL AF Guth, PL TI Contour line "ghosts" in USGS level 2 DEMs SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Characteristics of digital elevation models (DEMs) differentiate those produced from digitized contour lines from those produced directly from imagery. Contour-to-grid algorithms produce more grid-node elevations with the same elevation as the contour lines compared to elevations different from contour line elevation; this "ghost" artifact reflects the DEM generation process and not the underlying topography. The effect ranges from extreme to slight. In new USGS Level 2 DEMs, elevations corresponding to the source map contours can occur twice as often as similar elevations between contour lines, and overall contour line elevations are over represented by about 30 percent. Three independent techniques demonstrate the contour line ghosts: visual examination of elevation histograms, the power spectrum from a fast Fourier transform of the elevation distribution, and direct computation of a contour ghost ratio. These artifacts do not diminish the significant improvement of the Level 2 DEMs over Level 2 products, but require users to carefully evaluate their data and analysis methodology, especially when computing derived surfaces from the DEM which magnify data irregularities. C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Guth, PL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Namikawa, Laercio/C-5559-2013 OI Namikawa, Laercio/0000-0001-7847-1804 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 65 IS 3 BP 289 EP 296 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 176UC UT WOS:000079169400008 ER PT J AU Capinski, WS Cardona, M Katzer, DS Maris, HJ Ploog, K Ruf, T AF Capinski, WS Cardona, M Katzer, DS Maris, HJ Ploog, K Ruf, T TI Thermal conductivity of GaAs/AlAs superlattices SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter (PHONONS 98) CY JUL 26-31, 1998 CL LANCASTER, ENGLAND SP Engn & Phys Sci Res Council, European Commiss, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, US Army European Res Off, Lancaster Univ Dept Phys, Inst Phys, European Phys Soc DE thermal conductivity; superlattices; picosecond optics AB We report on measurements of thermal conductivity of a series of eight GaAs/AlAs superlattices. A picosecond optics technique was used to determine the conductivity kappa. The conductivity in all samples was found to decrease monotonically throughout the temperature range 100-375 K. There was a general decrease in kappa c with reduction in the superlattice period, and for the superlattices with the shortest period kappa at room temperature was reduced by a factor of 10 compared to bulk GaAs. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. RP Maris, HJ (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 10 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 263 BP 530 EP 532 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(98)01254-X PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 180AN UT WOS:000079362700147 ER PT J AU Van Vechten, D Wood, KS Fritz, GG Horwitz, JS Stroud, RM Auyeung, RCY Kim, J Qadri, SB Gyulamiryan, AL Nikogosyan, VR Gulian, AM AF Van Vechten, D Wood, KS Fritz, GG Horwitz, JS Stroud, RM Auyeung, RCY Kim, J Qadri, SB Gyulamiryan, AL Nikogosyan, VR Gulian, AM TI Studies of anisotropic thermoelectricity in layered oxide materials and time-resolved phonon kinetics SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter (PHONONS 98) CY JUL 26-31, 1998 CL LANCASTER, ENGLAND SP Engn & Phys Sci Res Council, European Commiss, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, US Army European Res Off, Lancaster Univ Dept Phys, Inst Phys, European Phys Soc DE anisotropic thermoelectricity; voltage pulses ID LASER-INDUCED VOLTAGES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FILMS AB Transient longitudinal voltage pulses occur in the normal state of thin film samples of high-temperature superconductors following the absorption of light pulses. Our experiments unambiguously confirm that the pulses arise from the thermoelectric response of these layered oxide materials to the heat fluxes propagating within the film in the direction orthogonal to the voltage measurement axis. Good agreement is found between the measured voltage characteristics and a macroscopic model based solely on the Seebeck tensor of the material. The temporal behavior of the experimental signal is also discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USRA, US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. US Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inst Phys Res, Ashtarak 378410, Armenia. RP Gulian, AM (reprint author), USRA, US Naval Res Lab, Code 7621, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 263 BP 617 EP 620 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(98)01263-0 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 180AN UT WOS:000079362700168 ER PT J AU Gulian, AM AF Gulian, AM TI Microrefrigeration and the phonon deficit effect SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter (PHONONS 98) CY JUL 26-31, 1998 CL LANCASTER, ENGLAND SP Engn & Phys Sci Res Council, European Commiss, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, US Army European Res Off, Lancaster Univ Dept Phys, Inst Phys, European Phys Soc DE junctions; lattice; cooling ID SUPERCONDUCTOR TUNNEL JUNCTION; REFRIGERATION AB Recently the use of normal-metal-superconductor tunnel junctions as microrefrigerators has attracted a lot of attention. Wide spread use of these devices for practical refrigeration purposes demands that the crystalline lattice be effectively cooled, i.e., the phonons as well as the electrons must be considered. Thus we discuss the relevance of the earlier described phonon deficit effect to the problem of microrefrigeration. Improved cooling efficiency should result from the utilization of specially designed superlattice-based phonon filters under conditions where the phonon deficit also occurs. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, USRA, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gulian, AM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, USRA, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 263 BP 621 EP 623 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(98)01264-2 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 180AN UT WOS:000079362700169 ER PT J AU Pande, CS Masumura, RA AF Pande, CS Masumura, RA TI Thermally activated flux motion under a distribution of activation energies in high T-c superconductors SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE flux motion; barrier distribution; magnetization decay ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; INVERSION SCHEME; CREEP; DEPENDENCE; FILMS AB Within a thermally activated flux motion model and assuming a distribution of barriers, we derive exact closed form expressions for various parameters for magnetic relaxation in high T-c superconducting material. In particular, we introduce a new parameter S* proportional to S, the normalized logarithmic decay of magnetization, and show that S* is a monotonically increasing function of temperature. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pande@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 314 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(99)00031-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 181ET UT WOS:000079428700020 ER PT J AU Nolas, GS Kendziora, CA AF Nolas, GS Kendziora, CA TI Raman spectroscopy investigation of lanthanide-filled and unfilled skutterudites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LATTICE-DYNAMICS; COSB3; ANTIMONIDES; SCATTERING; SPECTRA; COAS3; IRSB3; COP3 AB Raman-scattering spectra at room temperature and 10 K are studied for binary "unfilled" and lanthanide-filled skutterudite antimonides. In the binary skuttertudites IrSb3 and RhSb3 all eight Raman-active vibrational modes have been identified while seven of the eight modes have been identified in CoSb3. In the case of the filled skutterudites these vibrational modes are sensitive to the lanthanide "filler" ions which produce a shift and large broadening of the vibrational modes. Polarization measurements on these polycrystalline samples were used to identify the A(g) modes. The experimental data are compared to theoretical predictions. [S0163-1829(99)04309-X]. C1 Marlow Ind Inc, Div Res & Dev, Dallas, TX 75238 USA. USN, Res Lab, Condensed Matter Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nolas, GS (reprint author), Marlow Ind Inc, Div Res & Dev, 10451 Vista Pk Rd, Dallas, TX 75238 USA. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 9 BP 6189 EP 6192 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.6189 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 178EX UT WOS:000079254300036 ER PT J AU Kodama, RH Berkowitz, AE AF Kodama, RH Berkowitz, AE TI Atomic-scale magnetic modeling of oxide nanoparticles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SURFACE SPIN DISORDER; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; NIFE2O4 PARTICLES; MICROMAGNETICS; FILMS; FIELD; NIO AB We present a method for atomic-scale modeling of the magnetic behavior of ionic magnetic solids. Spin distributions and net magnetic moments are calculated for nanoparticles of ferrimagnetic NiFe2O4 and gamma-Fe2O3, and antiferromagnetic NiO as a function of applied field. Calculations incorporate crystal structures and exchange parameters determined from bulk data, bulk anisotropy fbr core spins, reasonable estimates for the anisotropy of surface spins, and finite temperatures simulated by random perturbations of spins. Surface spin disorder was found in the case of ferrimagnetic spinel nanoparticles, due to broken exchange bonds at the surface. The calculations also demonstrate that surface anisotropy enhances the coercivity of such particles only when surface spin disorder is present. Simulated thermal perturbations were used to characterize the distribution of energy barriers between surface spin states of such particles. The distribution of barriers can explain the macroscopic quantum tunneling like magnetic relaxation at low temperatures found experimentally. Calculations on NiO nanoparticles predict eight, six, or four-sublattice spin configurations in contrast to the two-sublattice configuration accepted for bulk NiO. Relatively weak coupling between the multiple sublattices allows a variety of reversal paths for the spins upon cycling the applied field, resulting in large coercivities and loop shifts, in qualitative agreement with experiment. [S0163-829(99)00509-3]. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Magnet Recording Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Kodama, RH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6342,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 56 TC 507 Z9 512 U1 9 U2 68 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 9 BP 6321 EP 6336 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.6321 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 178EX UT WOS:000079254300052 ER PT J AU Nakajima, R Stohr, J Idzerda, YU AF Nakajima, R Stohr, J Idzerda, YU TI Electron-yield saturation effects in L-edge x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra of Fe, Co, and Ni SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION-FINE-STRUCTURE; LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; SPIN POLARIZATION; SUM-RULES; PROBING DEPTH; TRANSMISSION; MULTILAYERS; FLUORESCENCE; ATTENUATION; AUGER AB Saturation effects are determined in x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra, acquired by electron yield techniques. It is shown that sum-rule extraction of the number of d holes, orbital moment, and spin moment are affected for Fe, Co, and Ni. In particular, errors in the extracted orbital moment values due to saturation effects can be in excess of 100% and even yield the wrong sign for films as thin as 50 Angstrom. They are significant even for film thicknesses of a few monolayers. Errors for the derived values for the number of d holes and the spin moment are considerably smaller but may be of the order 10-20 %. Correction factors are given for quantities obtained from sum rule analysis of electron yield data of Fe, Co, and Ni as a function of film thickness and x-ray incidence angle. [S0163-1829(99)01009-7]. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. IBM Corp, Div Res, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nakajima, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 45 TC 332 Z9 333 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 9 BP 6421 EP 6429 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.6421 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 178EX UT WOS:000079254300063 ER PT J AU Bar-Shalom, A Oreg, J Klapisch, M Lehecka, T AF Bar-Shalom, A Oreg, J Klapisch, M Lehecka, T TI Effect of configuration interaction on shift widths and intensity redistribution of transition arrays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SPECTRA; PLASMAS; MODEL AB Opacity calculations are generally restricted to single configurations approximation with no configuration interaction (CI). The theory for the inclusion of the CI effect on intensity distribution on transition arrays has recently been developed and added to the supertransition array model. However, in an experiment performed recently at NRL, presented in this work, it became apparent that the global shift and width of transition arrays, due to the CI effect, are significant and must be included in the calculations. This feature was also noticed in an LLNL experiment published recently on iron plasma. In these cases the dominant arrays originate from Delta n = 0 transitions where this effect is particularly significant. In this work we extend the theory, bypassing the impractical need for matrix diagonalizations, and derive analytic expressions for the CI-corrected array moments including CI shifts, widths, and the adjusted intensity distribution. Examples art: presented comparing the theoretical results with detailed calculations and with the experiments. [S1063-651X(99)01303-2]. C1 ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bar-Shalom, A (reprint author), ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 1999 VL 59 IS 3 BP 3512 EP 3525 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.59.3512 PN B PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 177WF UT WOS:000079233500052 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Serafim, P AF Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Serafim, P TI Propagation of finite length laser pulses in plasma channels SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; WAVE-GUIDE; HARMONIC-GENERATION; INJECTED ELECTRONS; ACCELERATION; INTENSE; VACUUM; SCATTERING; RAMAN; BEAMS AB Finite pulse length effects are shown to play a major role in the propagation. stability, and guiding of intense laser beams in plasmas. We present the quasiparaxial approximation (QPA) to the wave equation that takes finite pulse length effects into account. The QPA is an extension of the usual paraxial approximation. The laser field is shown to be significantly modified for pulses less than a few tens of wavelengths long. A pair of coupled envelope-power equations having finite pulse length effects, as well as relativistic and atomic electron nonlinearities, is derived and analyzed. Short laser pulses propagating in plasma channels are found to undergo an envelope oscillation in which the front of the pulse is always damped while the back initially grows. The modulation eventually damps due to frequency spread phase mixing. In addition, finite pulse length effects are shown to modify nonlinear focusing processes significantly. [S1063-651X(99)13003-4]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 60 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 1999 VL 59 IS 3 BP 3614 EP 3623 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.59.3614 PN B PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 177WF UT WOS:000079233500062 ER PT J AU Van Nevel, AJ DeFacio, B Neal, SP AF Van Nevel, AJ DeFacio, B Neal, SP TI Information-theoretic wavelet noise removal for inverse elastic wave scattering theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ORTHONORMAL BASES; DECONVOLUTION; ENTROPY AB A discussion of noise removal in ultrasound (elastic wave) scattering for nondestructive evaluation is given. The methods used in this paper include a useful suboptimal Wiener filter, information theory and orthonormal wavelets. The multiresolution analysis (MRA), due to Mallat, is the key wavelet feature used here. Whereas Fourier transforms have a translational symmetry, wavelets have a dilation or affine symmetry which consists of the semi-direct product of a translation with a change of scale of the variable. The MRA describes the scale change features of orthonormal wavelet families. First, an empirical method of noise removal from scattered elastic waves using wavelets is shown to markedly improve the l(1) and l(2) error norms. This suggests that the wavelet scale can act as dial to "tune out" noise. Maximization of the Kullback-Liebler information is also shown to provide a scale-dependent noise removal technique that supports (but does not prove) the intuition that certain small energy coefficients that are retained contain large information content. The wavelet MRA thereby locates "islands of information" in the phase space of the signal. It is conjectured that this method holds more generally. [S1063-651X(99)14403-9]. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Van Nevel, AJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 1999 VL 59 IS 3 BP 3682 EP 3693 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.59.3682 PN B PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 177WF UT WOS:000079233500071 ER PT J AU Whitney, KG AF Whitney, KG TI Momentum and heat conduction in highly ionizable plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-WIRE-ARRAY; Z-PINCH PLASMAS; X-RAY-EMISSION; ELECTRON; IMPLOSIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSPORT; NUMBER; POWER; FLUX AB Calculations of the pressure tensor and heat conductivity for highly ionizable plasmas are presented that differ in three main respects from Braginskii's calculation [Reviews of Plasma Physics, edited by M. A. Leontovich (Consultants Bureau, New York, 1965), Vol. 1, pp. 205-311]. One, the atomic number dependence of the classical viscosity is explicitly calculated and used to demonstrate, for ionization states of 12 or more, that the magnitude of the electron viscosity can greatly exceed that of the ion viscosity. Two, additional nonlinear contributions to the electron pressure tensor, dependent on gradients in temperature and density, are calculated, which can become comparable to and larger than the classical viscosity when these (physically realizable) gradients are sufficiently large. Three, these calculations interrelate the transport of energy and momentum by electrons in a plasma. As a consequence, flux limits on local heat transport suggest similar limits on local momentum transport. A model calculation of both transported quantities shows that they increase nonlinearly in size before the flux limit is reached. This behavior, in turn, suggests that flux limiting onsets earlier than linear transport theory implies and that the fluid equations for a plasma with severe temperature and density gradients must be closed, in general, by employing a nonlocal treatment of energy and momentum transport by electrons. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)04803-X]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitney, KG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAR PY 1999 VL 6 IS 3 BP 816 EP 830 DI 10.1063/1.873321 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 169ZP UT WOS:000078780500025 ER PT J AU Purkitt, H AF Purkitt, H TI The Challenger launch decision: Risky technology, culture, and deviance SO POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Purkitt, H (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0162-895X J9 POLIT PSYCHOL JI Polit. Psychol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 20 IS 1 BP 202 EP 206 PG 5 WC Political Science; Psychology, Social SC Government & Law; Psychology GA 186NJ UT WOS:000079735600010 ER PT J AU Purkitt, H AF Purkitt, H TI The limits of safety: Organizations, accidents, and nuclear weapons. SO POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Purkitt, H (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0162-895X J9 POLIT PSYCHOL JI Polit. Psychol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 20 IS 1 BP 202 EP 206 PG 5 WC Political Science; Psychology, Social SC Government & Law; Psychology GA 186NJ UT WOS:000079735600009 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, JJ TI Dereliction of duty: Lyndon Johnson, Robert McNamara, the joint chiefs of staff, and the lies that led to Vietnam SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Res Lab, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 114 IS 1 BP 131 EP 136 DI 10.2307/2657994 PG 6 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 190TB UT WOS:000079979900006 ER PT J AU Maranghides, A Sheinson, RS AF Maranghides, A Sheinson, RS TI Flammable Liquid Storerooms: Fire protection without Halon 1301 SO PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS LA English DT Article AB Flammable Liquid Storerooms (FLSRs) Pose a significant loss prevention challenge. The fire protection engineer must design the fire protection system for a very diverse fuel population. Furthermore, Sor military applications, provision must De made for In ige temperanture fluctuations in the operating environment and very strict suppression system space and weight requirements. Halon 1301 is a very, effective fire suppression agent used extensively in the military and commercial sectors for over. two decades. There are more than 2200 shipboard Halon 1301 fire suppression systems. However production of stratospheric ozone depleting halon has been banned but the Montreal Protocol and the U.S. Clean Air Act amendments since December 31, 1993. C1 GEO Ctr Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Combust Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Maranghides, A (reprint author), GEO Ctr Inc, POB 441340, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. EM maranghi@ccfsun.nrl.navy.mil; sheinson@ccfsun.nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1066-8527 J9 PROCESS SAF PROG JI Process Saf. Prog. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 18 IS 1 BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1002/prs.680180107 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 178DW UT WOS:000079251900011 ER PT J AU Scheffers, MK Humphrey, DG Stanny, RR Kramer, AF Coles, MGH AF Scheffers, MK Humphrey, DG Stanny, RR Kramer, AF Coles, MGH TI Error-related processing during a period of extended wakefulness SO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE error-related negativity (ERN); performance monitoring; error detection; fatigue ID TASK PERFORMANCE; NEURAL SYSTEM; AUTOMATICITY; ATTENTION; COMPENSATION; COMPONENTS; STRATEGIES; SEARCH AB The nature of error detection as manifested by the error-related negativity was examined in both a Sternberg memory search task and a visual search task. Both tasks were performed in conditions with consistent or varied stimulus-response mapping and loads of three or six letters. After subjects were trained extensively in all conditions, they performed the tasks throughout the night without sleeping. The data suggest that the effectiveness of error detection decreases over time because of a decrease in the quality of perceptual processing. Error detection also suffers when performance requires more search-related resources. In both cases, the representation of the correct response is compromised. These results indicate that error detection depends on the same perceptual and cognitive processes that are required for correct performance. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, Cognit Psychophysiol Lab, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Failure Anal Associates Inc, Menlo Park, CA USA. USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Scheffers, MK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, Cognit Psychophysiol Lab, 603 E Daniel St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH 41445] NR 35 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0048-5772 J9 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY JI Psychophysiology PD MAR PY 1999 VL 36 IS 2 BP 149 EP 157 DI 10.1017/S0048577299980307 PG 9 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 175NW UT WOS:000079101500001 PM 10194961 ER PT J AU VanKeuren, D AF VanKeuren, D TI Mainstay of the fleet: The Philadelphia Navy Yard, 1801-1996 SO PUBLIC HISTORIAN LA English DT Art Exhibit Review C1 Naval Res lab, Washington, DC USA. RP VanKeuren, D (reprint author), Naval Res lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA SN 0272-3433 J9 PUBL HISTORIAN JI Public Hist. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 21 IS 2 BP 166 EP 168 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 207XB UT WOS:000080960100035 ER PT J AU Fahroo, F Wang, CM AF Fahroo, F Wang, CM TI A new model for acoustic-structure interaction and its exponential stability SO QUARTERLY OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-EQUATION; BOUNDED REGION; DECAY; L2(0 AB A new model for the interaction between the acoustic wave in an enclosed air cavity and the transversal motion of a flexible beam is proposed in this paper. This new boundary condition for the coupled wave and Euler-Bernoulli beam equations introduces sufficient damping of the energy of the system to gain uniform exponential stability. Careful physical justification of the boundary condition is based upon well-established theoretical results in acoustics. The estimate of the energy decay rate is obtained using a multiplier technique. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Fahroo, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROWN UNIV PI BOSTON PA AMER MATH SOC, PO BOX 845904, BOSTON, MA 02284-5904 USA SN 0033-569X J9 Q APPL MATH JI Q. Appl. Math. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 57 IS 1 BP 157 EP 179 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 167EG UT WOS:000078619200008 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, D AF Bradshaw, D TI A man with a prosthetic ear and multiple pulmonary nodules SO RESPIRATION LA English DT Article DE basal cell carcinoma; metastasis; pulmonary nodules ID BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; SKIN-CANCER AB Basal cell carcinoma is generally regarded as a relatively indolent tumor easily controlled with local therapy. When neglected or inadequately treated this tumor can become locally aggressive and in rare circumstances metastasize. This report documents a case of basal cell carcinoma metastatic to the lung that resulted in rapidly progressive respiratory failure and death. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Pulm, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Bradshaw, D (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Pulm, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0025-7931 J9 RESPIRATION JI Respiration PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 66 IS 2 BP 170 EP 172 DI 10.1159/000029362 PG 3 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 186GW UT WOS:000079721400014 PM 10202324 ER PT J AU Das, G Vohra, H Rao, K Saha, B Mishra, GC AF Das, G Vohra, H Rao, K Saha, B Mishra, GC TI Leishmania donovani infection of a susceptible host results in CD4(+) T-cell apoptosis and decreased Th1 cytokine production SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; MURINE LEISHMANIASIS; IMMUNITY; INTERLEUKIN-2; ACTIVATION AB The disease visceral leishmaniasis is caused by a protozoan parasite, Leishmania donovani and is characterized by depressed cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and unhindered parasite growth in a susceptible host. The opposite trend is observed in a resistant host. However, the mechanism of this loss of CMI during the progressive disease is unknown as yet. In this report, we demonstrate that more than 40% of CD4(+) T cells from a susceptible host undergo apoptosis resulting in a significant decrease in interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma secretion, leaving IL-4 secretion unaffected. These changes are not apparent in the case of CD4(+) T cells derived from a resistant host. The data reported here suggest that experimental Leishmania donovani infection leads to selective deletion of the IL-2 and IFN-gamma-secreting cells but not Th2-like cells in a susceptible but not a resistant host. C1 Natl Ctr Cell Sci, Poona 411007, Maharashtra, India. Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Chandigarh 160012, India. Int Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol, New Delhi, India. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Das, G (reprint author), Natl Ctr Cell Sci, Poona 411007, Maharashtra, India. NR 19 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0300-9475 J9 SCAND J IMMUNOL JI Scand. J. Immunol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 49 IS 3 BP 307 EP 310 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1999.00486.x PG 4 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 180WY UT WOS:000079409900013 PM 10102649 ER PT J AU Harris, M AF Harris, M TI NRL's improved multibeam system on ORCA SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Harris, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 40 IS 3 BP 85 EP 88 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 185NV UT WOS:000079676600015 ER PT J AU Luban, M Reynolds, JP Luscombe, JH AF Luban, M Reynolds, JP Luscombe, JH TI Variational tight-binding theory of excitons in compositionally modified semiconductor superlattices SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE excitons; semiconductor superlattices; tight-binding model ID BLOCH OSCILLATIONS; ABSORPTION AB We present results for the binding energy of an exciton formed when an electron-hole pair is photoexcited within a single, compositionally modified layer of a semiconductor superlattice, for example by adding a small percentage of In atoms to a single GaAs layer of a GaAs/AlGaAs system. Such a system could serve as the basis. for spatially-selective photoexcitation, a process whereby a laser pulse would create electron-heavy-hole pairs exclusively in the modified layer. We first derive an effective one-dimensional (ID) Hamiltonian for an electron, by averaging the 3D electron-hole Hamiltonian using a one-parameter trial wavefunction, which is dependent on the in-plane relative coordinates, as well as a normalized Wannier orbital for a single hole. The exciton binding energy is then obtained by computing the lowest bound-state energy of the effective 1D electron Hamiltonian in the nearest-neighbor tight-binding approximation. As a demonstration of the effectiveness of our approach, we find that for periodic superlattices our results for the exciton binding energy are in very good agreement both with experiment and the results of other theoretical calculations. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Luban, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 25 IS 3 BP 493 EP 503 DI 10.1006/spmi.1998.0599 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 178KN UT WOS:000079265000001 ER PT J AU Butler, FK White, E Twa, M AF Butler, FK White, E Twa, M TI Hyperoxic myopia in a closed-circuit mixed-gas scuba diver SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE oxygen toxicity; lenticular oxygen toxicity; hyperbaric oxygen; closed-circuit scuba; scuba diving; hyperoxic myopia; eye; lens AB Butler FK Jr, White E, Twa M. Hyperbaric myopia in a closed-circuit mixed-gas scuba diver. Undersea Hyper Med 1999; 26(1)41-45.-A myopic shift occurred in a closed-circuit mixed-gas scuba diver using a 1.3 atm abs constant partial pressure of oxygen in a nitrogen-oxygen mix. This change was noticed after approximately 18 days of diving with a mean dive time of 4.04 h each day. The observed myopic shift was due to hyperoxic myopia, one sign of lenticular oxygen toxicity, and resolved over a 1 mo, period after diving was completed. On a subsequent dive trip, a myopic shift was found in both the index diver as well as two other divers breathing the same gasmix on similar profiles. Diving comunities should be aware of the risk of both lenticular and pulmonary oxygen toxicity when conducting intensive diving at oxygen partial pressures in the 1.3-1.6 atm abs range. C1 USN, Special Warfare Command, Detachment Pensacola, Pensacola, FL USA. Family Vis Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Butler, FK (reprint author), USN, Special Warfare Command, Detachment Pensacola, Pensacola, FL USA. RI Twa, Michael/B-8755-2012 OI Twa, Michael/0000-0003-4544-5153 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 26 IS 1 BP 41 EP 45 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 177HB UT WOS:000079203600006 PM 10353183 ER PT J AU Schenkman, NS Costa, J Belote, DA Stoller, ML AF Schenkman, NS Costa, J Belote, DA Stoller, ML TI Gastropyeloplasty: A swine model SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Objectives. Struvite calculus formation requires an alkaline urinary pH. An acidic urinary pH will dissolve struvite calculi and prevent recurrent struvite stone formation. Long-term urinary acidification has been unsuccessful. We sought to determine whether a gastric patch (with viable parietal cells) anastomosed to the renal pelvis could create an acidic urinary milieu. Methods. A vascularized stomach patch (from the greater curvature) was anastomosed to the left renal pelvis in 15 female pigs. The right kidney was used as a control. The first 6 pigs were used to refine the surgical technique. The remaining 9 pigs were subjected to a formal gastropyeloplasty and followed up for 4 weeks. Urine was collected before and after stimulation with pentagastrin. Urine pH was measured from both kidneys in response to gastrin stimulation and oral intake. The kidneys, ureters, and bladders were examined for gross changes and histologic review. Results. The 9 test animals had more acidic urine in the control kidney than in the gastropyeloplasty kidney. Pentagastrin had no significant impact on urinary pH. Hydroureteronephrosis and a concentrating defect were noted in the treated kidney. Histologic review revealed smooth muscle hyperplasia of the left ureter and viable parietal cells in the stomach patch. Conclusions. An animal model was developed to transfer a gastric patch to the renal pelvis. Hydronephrosis and ureteral dilation were associated with this gastric patch. We were unable to acidify the urine despite viable parietal cells in the transposed stomach segment. Further refinements of this concept may be successful in acidifying urine in the hope of preventing recurrent struvite nephrolithiasis. (C) 1999, Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Stoller, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, 533 Parnassus Ave,U-575, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD MAR PY 1999 VL 53 IS 3 BP 647 EP 652 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(98)00529-9 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 177DW UT WOS:000079193000043 PM 10096403 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ Mantel, PL June, CH Kim, SH Kwon, BS AF Kim, YJ Mantel, PL June, CH Kim, SH Kwon, BS TI 4-1BB costimulation promotes human T cell adhesion to fibronectin SO CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FACTOR RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILY; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; DOWN-REGULATION; INTEGRIN VLA-4; UP-REGULATION; ACTIVATION; LYMPHOCYTES; CD28; MEMORY; NAIVE AB CD28 and 4-1BB (CD137) are costimulatory molecules for T cells. In this study we investigated the role of 4-1BB in T cell adhesion to fibronectin (FN). Unlike CD28, 4-1BB is present in only a small subset of T cells prepared from fresh human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but was induced after prolonged TCR/CD28 activation in vitro. 4-1BB-expressing T cells were characteristically unique in their strong responsiveness to FN. Anti-4-1BB cross-linking synergized CD28 costimulation by lowering the threshold of CD3 signal required for CD28-mediated maximal proliferative response. In addition to increasing proliferative responses, 4-1BB promoted T cell adhesion to FN in the presence of CD28 costimulation. 4-1BB-mediated cell adhesion to FN was blocked by anti-beta 1 integrin, suggesting that 4-1BB mediates pi integrin activation. The role of 4-1BB in inducing CD4(+) T cell adhesion to FN was confirmed by showing that the human leukemic CD4(+) T cell line, Jurkat, when transfected with cDNA encoding 4-1BB, became adherent to FN with anti-4-1BB stimulation. Taken together, our results suggest that 4-1BB-promoted T cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins is an important post activation process for T cell migration, (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Walther Oncol Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Walther Canc Inst, Indianapolis, IN 46208 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Dept Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Univ Ulsan, Dept Sci Biol, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. Univ Ulsan, Immunomodulat Res Ctr, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. RP Kwon, BS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM kkwon@sunflower.bio.indiana.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 42379, AI 28125]; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE 12156] NR 48 TC 14 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0008-8749 J9 CELL IMMUNOL JI Cell. Immunol. PD FEB 25 PY 1999 VL 192 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1006/cimm.1998.1435 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA 178BJ UT WOS:000079245500002 PM 10066342 ER PT J AU Georgiou, IT Schwartz, IB AF Georgiou, IT Schwartz, IB TI The non-linear slow normal mode and stochasticity in the dynamics of a conservative flexible rod/pendulum configuration SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB The geometric structure has been analyzed of the slow periodic motions of a conservative structural/mechanical system consisting of a stiff linear elastic rod coupled to a non-linear pendulum oscillator. Using the theory of geometric singular perturbations, we have computed analytically a two-dimensional invariant non-linear manifold of motion in phase space, called the slow manifold. Numerical experiments reveal that all motions initiated on the slow manifold are purely slow periodic and share common properties. The slow invariant manifold is the geometric realization of a non-linear normal mode, which consists of master and slaved dynamics. The normal mode is non-classical since it does not satisfy the classical definition of vibrations-in-unison. The analysis reveals that the slow invariant manifold carries a heteroclinic motion. Its existence is verified numerically by showing that all its Lyapunov characteristic exponents are zero. Above some critical coupling between the flexible rod and pendulum, the slow normal mode interacts, first at the energy level of the heteroclinic motion, with the fast dynamics to create stochastic motions. The strength of stochasticity, measured by the Lyapunov characteristic exponents, increases as the coupling increases. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Georgiou, IT (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD FEB 25 PY 1999 VL 220 IS 3 BP 383 EP 411 DI 10.1006/jsvi.1998.1917 PG 29 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 168FB UT WOS:000078679900001 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Stokes, DW Aifer, EH Olafsen, LJ Meyer, JR Yang, MJ Shanabrook, BV Lee, H Martinelli, RU Sugg, AR AF Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Stokes, DW Aifer, EH Olafsen, LJ Meyer, JR Yang, MJ Shanabrook, BV Lee, H Martinelli, RU Sugg, AR TI High-temperature continuous-wave 3-6.1 mu m "W'' lasers with diamond-pressure-bond heat sinking SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HETEROSTRUCTURE DIODE-LASERS AB Optically pumped type-II W lasers emitting in the mid-infrared exhibited continuous-wave (cw) operating temperatures of 290 K at lambda = 3.0 mu m and 210 K at lambda = 6.1 mu m. Maximum cw output powers for 78 K were 260 mW at lambda = 3.1 mu m and nearly 50 mW at lambda = 5.4 mu m. These high maximum temperatures were achieved through the use of a diamond-pressure-bonding technique for heat sinking the semiconductor lasers. The thermal bond, which is accomplished through pressure alone, permits topside optical pumping through the diamond at wavelengths that would be absorbed by the substrate. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)01608-3]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sarnoff Corp, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Sensors Unlimited Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Olafsen, Linda/G-4996-2013 NR 13 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1075 EP 1077 DI 10.1063/1.123486 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 168HG UT WOS:000078685700007 ER PT J AU Moore, CI Ting, A McNaught, SJ Qiu, J Burris, HR Sprangle, P AF Moore, CI Ting, A McNaught, SJ Qiu, J Burris, HR Sprangle, P TI A laser-accelerator injector based on laser ionization and ponderomotive acceleration of electrons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-INTENSITY LASER; PLASMA-WAVES; PULSES; WAKEFIELD; CHANNEL; EXCITATION; SCATTERING; FIELDS; LIGHT; RAMAN AB A new laser-accelerator injector based on the high-energy electrons ejected from a laser focus following the ionization of high-charge states of gases has been investigated. This method can generate electron pulses with MeV energies and pulse widths substantially less than the laser pulse width using terawatt lasers. Experiments at intensities of 3 x 10(18) W/cm(2) show that two highly directional electron beams with energies up to 340 keV are produced in the laser polarization direction. These highly directional beams are inconsistent with simulation results using Ammosov-Delone-Krainov (ADK) tunneling theory to model the ionization process. It is shown that this is likely due to the release of electrons with larger canonical momentum than predicted by ADK theory. C1 Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moore, CI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 43 TC 112 Z9 119 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 8 BP 1688 EP 1691 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.1688 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 168WA UT WOS:000078715100020 ER PT J AU Shenoy, DK Selinger, JV Gruneberg, KA Naciri, J Shashidhar, R AF Shenoy, DK Selinger, JV Gruneberg, KA Naciri, J Shashidhar, R TI Coarsening of reverse tilt domains in liquid-crystal cells with heterogeneous alignment layers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ORTHOGONALLY TWISTED NEMATICS; SMECTIC-C FILMS; CLEARING POINT; COLLECTIVE MOTION; -1 DISCLINATIONS; DEFECT DYNAMICS; ISING-MODEL; WALLS AB When an electric field above the Freedericksz threshold is applied to a nematic liquid crystal in a cell with heterogeneous alignment layers, the system exhibits reverse tilt domains. Over a time scale of seconds to minutes, the disordered domain pattern coarsens into a uniform texture. Analysis of the coarsening dynamics shows that the characteristic length scale L grows with time t as L similar to (log t)(4). This scaling is consistent with predictions of the random-bond Ising model, in which randomness in the Ising bond strength represents heterogeneity in the alignment layers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shenoy, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 8 BP 1716 EP 1719 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.1716 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 168WA UT WOS:000078715100027 ER PT J AU Bayer, M Kuther, A Forchel, A Gorbunov, A Timofeev, VB Schafer, F Reithmaier, JP Reinecke, TL Walck, SN AF Bayer, M Kuther, A Forchel, A Gorbunov, A Timofeev, VB Schafer, F Reithmaier, JP Reinecke, TL Walck, SN TI Electron and hole g factors and exchange interaction from studies of the exciton fine structure in In0.60Ga0.40As quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; GAAS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; SPECTRA; GROWTH; WELLS AB Self-assembled In0.60Ga0.40As quantum dots (QD's) have been studied by single dot magnetophotoluminescence spectroscopy (B less than or equal to 8 T). At B = 0 a splitting of the exciton (X) emission is observed which we ascribe to an asymmetry of the confinement potential. With increasing B the emission splits into a quadruplet corresponding to the m = +/-2 and +/-1 X states, which originates from a reduction of the cubic symmetry of the QD's. From the spectroscopic data we obtain values for the electron (e) and hole (h) g factors. We also determine the X singlet-triplet splitting which is found to be enhanced over bulk values by about an order of magnitude due to the increase of the e-h overlap in the QD's. C1 Univ Wurzburg, D-97094 Wurzburg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bayer, M (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, D-97094 Wurzburg, Germany. RI Reithmaier, Johann/G-8171-2012 OI Reithmaier, Johann/0000-0002-1974-8292 NR 27 TC 357 Z9 359 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 8 BP 1748 EP 1751 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.1748 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 168WA UT WOS:000078715100035 ER PT J AU Collins, GE Choi, LS Ewing, KJ Michelet, V Bowen, CM Winkler, JD AF Collins, GE Choi, LS Ewing, KJ Michelet, V Bowen, CM Winkler, JD TI Photoinduced switching of metal complexation by quinolinospiropyranindolines in polar solvents SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB The first demonstration of rapid and reversible, photoinduced switching of metal complexation from a quinolinospiropyranindoline-metal complex in aqueous solution is presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6116, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI MICHELET, Veronique/A-5601-2009 NR 9 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD FEB 21 PY 1999 IS 4 BP 321 EP 322 DI 10.1039/a807994c PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 170TF UT WOS:000078821600009 ER PT J AU Haltrin, VI AF Haltrin, VI TI Diffuse reflection coefficient of a stratified sea SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; EQUATION; WATERS; MODEL AB A differential equation of a Riccati type for the diffuse reflection coefficient of a stratified sea is proposed. For a homogeneous sea with arbitrary inherent optical properties this equation is solved analytically. For an inhomogeneous sea it is solved approximately for any arbitrary stratification. The resulting equation expresses the diffuse reflection coefficient of the sea through vertical profiles of absorption and backscattering coefficients, bottom albedo, and sea depth. The results of calculations with this equation are compared with Monte Carlo computations. It was found that the precision of this approach is in the range of 15%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Ocean Sci Branch, Mississippi State, MS 39529 USA. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Ocean Sci Branch, Code 7331, Mississippi State, MS 39529 USA. EM haltrin@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 6 BP 932 EP 936 DI 10.1364/AO.38.000932 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 169GQ UT WOS:000078739500007 PM 18305694 ER PT J AU Chiang, J Dermer, CD AF Chiang, J Dermer, CD TI Synchrotron and synchrotron self-compton emission and the blast-wave model of gamma-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays, observations; gamma rays, theory; shock waves ID OPTICAL COUNTERPART; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; CRAB-NEBULA; BLACK-HOLES; ACCELERATION; CONSTRAINTS; AFTERGLOWS; FIREBALLS; SPECTRUM; REDSHIFT AB We investigate the dynamics and radiation from a relativistic blast wave that decelerates as it sweeps up ambient matter. The bulk kinetic energy of the blast-wave shell is converted into internal energy by the process of accreting external matter. If it takes the form of nonthermal electrons and magnetic fields, then this internal energy will be emitted as synchrotron and synchrotron self-Compton radiation. We perform analytic and numerical calculations for the deceleration and radiative processes and present time-resolved spectra throughout the evolution of the blast wave. We also examine the dependence of the burst spectra and Light curves on various parameters describing the magnetic field and nonthermal electron distributions. We find that for bursts such as GRB 910503, GRB 910601, and GRB 910814, the spectral shapes of the prompt gamma-ray emission at the peaks in vF(v) strongly constrain the magnetic fields in these bursts to be well below (less than or similar to 10(-2)) the equipartition values. These calculations are also considered in the context of the afterglow emission from the recently detected gamma-ray burst counterparts. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chiang, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 44 TC 114 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 1999 VL 512 IS 2 BP 699 EP 710 DI 10.1086/306789 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 187VP UT WOS:000079809000017 ER PT J AU Gamezo, VN Wheeler, JC Khokhlov, AM Oran, ES AF Gamezo, VN Wheeler, JC Khokhlov, AM Oran, ES TI Multilevel structure of cellular detonations in type Ia supernovae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; instabilities; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances shock waves; supernovae : general; white dwarfs ID LIGHT CURVES; MODELS; MECHANISMS; NOVA AB This work presents the results of a numerical study of two-dimensional cellular thermonuclear detonations in degenerate C + O matter at densities 10(6)-3 x 10(7) g cm(-3). We found three levels of detonation cells of very different sizes which correspond to the C-, O-, and Si-reaction length scales. The Si cells are comparable to or even larger than the white dwarf size at densities below 10(7) g cm(-3). In the presence of the cellular structures, the averaged half-reaction length compared to the one-dimensional case increases by the factor of 1.3 for the Si-reaction, and by a factor of 1.6 for the O- and C-reactions. The formation of unreacted pockets and overreacted regions behind the cellular detonation front creates concentration fluctuations in the reaction zone. The composition fluctuations and the reaction length increase may affect the spectra of Type Ia supernovae predicted by delayed-detonation models. C1 Berkley Res Associates Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gamezo, VN (reprint author), Berkley Res Associates Inc, POB 852, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. EM gamezo@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; wheel@alla.as.utexas.edu; ajk@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; oran@lcp.nrl.navy.mil NR 41 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 1999 VL 512 IS 2 BP 827 EP 842 DI 10.1086/306784 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 187VP UT WOS:000079809000027 ER PT J AU Tomsick, JA Kaaret, P Kroeger, RA Remillard, RA AF Tomsick, JA Kaaret, P Kroeger, RA Remillard, RA TI Broadband X-ray spectra of the black hole candidate GRO J1655-40 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; stars : individual (GRO J1655-40); X-rays : stars ID ACCRETION DISKS; VARIABILITY; RADIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; EMISSION; STATE; ASCA AB We present broadband (2 keV-2 MeV) X-ray spectra of GRO J1655-40, a luminous X-ray transient and occasional source of relativistic radio jets, obtained with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) and the Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment. In one observation, the luminosity is found to be 18% of the Eddington limit, which is one of the highest luminosities ever observed from GRO J1655-40. For this observation, we find that an adequate fit is obtained when a broad iron line and a reflection component are added to a model consisting of a power law plus a soft excess component. The 95% confidence lower limit on the rms line width is 0.86 keV. The power-law component has a photon index of 2.721(-0.08)(+0.03) and extends to at least 800 keV without a cutoff. After this observation, a significant drop in the (5-12 keV)/(1.5-5 keV) hardness ratio occurred on a timescale less than 2 hr. From an RXTE observation of GRO J1655-30 made after the hardness transition, we find that the power-law index is harder (alpha = 2.415 +/- 0.011), the flux of the power-law component is lower, and the total luminosity is 10% of the Eddington limit. The change in the power-law component is consistent with the correlation between the spectral index and power-law flux previously reported for GRO J1655-40. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Tomsick, JA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 37 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 1999 VL 512 IS 2 BP 892 EP 900 DI 10.1086/306797 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 187VP UT WOS:000079809000031 ER PT J AU Schmidt, GD Liebert, J Harris, HC Dahn, CC Leggett, SK AF Schmidt, GD Liebert, J Harris, HC Dahn, CC Leggett, SK TI Discovery of a highly magnetic white dwarf with strong carbon features SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE polarization; stars : individual (LHS 2229); stars : magnetic fields; white dwarfs ID FIELDS AB Systematic follow-up of high proper-motion stars has identified a new cool magnetic white dwarf that displays a series of spectacular absorption bands in the range 4200-6500 Angstrom. The spectrum bears a striking resemblance to that of LP 790-29, a magnetic DQ star dominated by what are apparently Zeeman-shifted Swan bands of Ct. However, key differences in the detailed spectra, polarization, and temperature of the two stars indicate that instead LHS 2229 may represent the first case of a magnetic "peculiar" DQ white dwarf, where absorption in the optical is produced by C2H or another carbon-hydrogen compound. Crude arguments suggest that the field strength on LHS 2229 is in the neighborhood of 10(8) G. BVI photometry proves to be effective in identifying such peculiar stars, since they lie well outside the main white dwarf sequence in a color-color diagram. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. UKIRT, Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Schmidt, GD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. OI Leggett, Sandy/0000-0002-3681-2989 NR 14 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 1999 VL 512 IS 2 BP 916 EP 919 DI 10.1086/306819 PN 1 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 187VP UT WOS:000079809000033 ER PT J AU Antiochos, SK MacNeice, PJ Spicer, DS Klimchuk, JA AF Antiochos, SK MacNeice, PJ Spicer, DS Klimchuk, JA TI The dynamic formation of prominence condensations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : chromosphere; Sun : corona; Sun : prominences ID QUIESCENT PROMINENCES; SOLAR PROMINENCES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CORONAL LOOPS; PLASMA AB We present simulations of a model for the formation of a prominence condensation in a coronal loop. The key idea behind the model is that the spatial localization of loop heating near the chromosphere leads to a catastrophic cooling in the corona. Using a new adaptive grid code, we simulate the complete growth of a condensation and find that after similar to 5000 s it reaches a quasi-steady state. We show that the size and growth time of the condensation are in good agreement with data and discuss the implications of the model for coronal heating and for observations of prominences and the surrounding corona. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Raytheon STX Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth & Space Data & Comp Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012; MacNeice, Peter/F-5587-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305; Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 32 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 1999 VL 512 IS 2 BP 985 EP 991 DI 10.1086/306804 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 187VP UT WOS:000079809000040 ER PT J AU Baca, AG Hietala, VM Greenway, D Zolper, JC Dubbert, DF Sloan, LR Shul, RJ AF Baca, AG Hietala, VM Greenway, D Zolper, JC Dubbert, DF Sloan, LR Shul, RJ TI Self-aligned GaAs JFETs for low-power microwave amplifiers and RFICs at 2.4GHz SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Self-aligned GaAs junction field effect transistor (JFET) narrowband amplifiers operating at 2.4 GHz have been designed and fabricated both with discrete JFETs as a hybrid amplifier and as radiofrequency integrated circuits (RFICs). Enhancement-mode JFETs were used in order to be compatible with complementary digital logic. Hybrid amplifiers achieved 8-10dB of gain at 2.4GHz and 1mW DC bias level. The RFIC achieved 10dB of gain at 2.4 GHz and 2 mW DC bias level. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Baca, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 1999 VL 35 IS 4 BP 308 EP 309 DI 10.1049/el:19990073 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 175AK UT WOS:000079068600043 ER PT J AU Shi, YP Hasnain, SE Sacci, JB Holloway, BP Fujioka, H Kumar, N Wohlhueter, R Hoffman, SL Collins, WE Lal, AA AF Shi, YP Hasnain, SE Sacci, JB Holloway, BP Fujioka, H Kumar, N Wohlhueter, R Hoffman, SL Collins, WE Lal, AA TI Immunogenicity and in vitro protective efficacy of a recombinant multistage Plasmodium falciparum candidate vaccine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium; vaccine; synthetic gene; B & T cell epitopes; efficacy ID ASEXUAL BLOOD STAGES; B-CELL EPITOPES; MHC CLASS-II; T-CELL; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SYNTHETIC VACCINE; MALARIA; IDENTIFICATION; BINDING AB Compared with a single-stage antigen-based vaccine, a multistage and multivalent Plasmodium falciparum vaccine would be more efficacious by inducing "multiple layers" of immunity, We have constructed a synthetic gene that encodes for 12 B cell, 6 T cell proliferative, and 3 cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes derived from 9 stage-specific P. falciparum antigens corresponding to the sporozoite, liver, erythrocytic asexual, and sexual stages, The gene was expressed in the baculovirus system, and a 41-kDa antigen, termed CDC/NIIMALVAC-1, was purified. Immunization in rabbits with the purified protein in the presence of different adjuvants generated antibody responses that recognized vaccine antigen, linear peptides contained in the vaccine, and all stages of P, falciparum. In vitro assays of protection revealed that the vaccine elicited antibodies strongly inhibited sporozoite invasion of hepatoma cells and growth of blood-stage parasites in the presence of monocytes, These observations demonstrate that a multicomponent, multistage malaria vaccine can induce immune responses that inhibit parasite development at multiple stages. The rationale and approach used in the development of a multicomponent P, falciparum vaccine will be useful in the development of a multispecies human malaria vaccine and vaccines against other infectious diseases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Biotechnol Core Facil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Immunol, Eukaryot Gene Express Lab, New Delhi 110067, India. USN, Inst Med Res, Malaria Program, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Inst Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Lal, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mol Vaccine Sect, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Chmablee, GA 30341 USA. EM aall@cdc.gov RI HASNAIN, SEYED/C-1492-2009 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-38403, AI-41879, AI-35827] NR 33 TC 72 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 16 PY 1999 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1615 EP 1620 DI 10.1073/pnas.96.4.1615 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 168ND UT WOS:000078698400081 PM 9990073 ER PT J AU Chang, WT Horwitz, JS Carter, AC Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Gilmore, CM Chrisey, DB AF Chang, WT Horwitz, JS Carter, AC Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Gilmore, CM Chrisey, DB TI The effect of annealing on the microwave properties of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; OXYGEN; TITANATE; PRESSURE AB Oriented, single phase thin films (similar to 5000 Angstrom thick) of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) have been deposited onto (100) MgO and (100) LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. The capacitance and dielectric Q (1/ tan delta) of as-deposited and annealed films have been measured from 1 to 20 GHz as a function of electric field (0-80 kV/ cm) at room temperature using interdigitated Ag electrodes deposited on top of the film. For films deposited onto MgO, it is observed that, after a postdeposition anneal (1000-1200 degrees C), the dielectric constant decreases and the dielectric Q increases. For films deposited onto LAO, a postdeposition anneal (less than or equal to 1000 degrees C) resulted in a significant increase in the dielectric constant and a decrease in Q. The observed dielectric properties of the BST films are attributed to the changes in film stress, which affects the extent of ionic polarization. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)03307-0]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chang, WT (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Inst Sci Mat, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 20 TC 226 Z9 234 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 1999 VL 74 IS 7 BP 1033 EP 1035 DI 10.1063/1.123446 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 166JA UT WOS:000078571400046 ER PT J AU Bennett, BR Shanabrook, BV Twigg, ME AF Bennett, BR Shanabrook, BV Twigg, ME TI Anion control in molecular beam epitaxy of mixed As/Sb III-V heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLANAR VIBRATIONAL-MODES; STRAINED-LAYER SUPERLATTICES; QUANTUM-WELLS; INAS/ALSB SUPERLATTICES; INTERFACE; RESOLUTION; GROWTH; SEMICONDUCTORS AB Superlattices consisting of As monolayers (MLs) in (In, Ga, Al)Sb and Sb MLs in (In, Ga, Al)As were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and characterized by x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. In all cases, well-defined superlattices were formed when the growth temperature was sufficiently low. As temperature increases for the As MLs in antimonides, substantial intermixing occurs. For Sb MLs in arsenides, Sb evaporation from the surface increases with increasing growth temperature. These results are discussed in the context of device heterostructures containing InAs/GaSb and InAs/AlSb heterojunctions. [S0021-8979(99)05104-X]. C1 USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bennett, BR (reprint author), USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 31 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 1999 VL 85 IS 4 BP 2157 EP 2161 DI 10.1063/1.369520 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 163JV UT WOS:000078403000023 ER PT J AU Kropfli, RA Ostrovski, LA Stanton, TP Skirta, EA Keane, AN Irisov, V AF Kropfli, RA Ostrovski, LA Stanton, TP Skirta, EA Keane, AN Irisov, V TI Relationships between strong internal waves in the coastal zone and their radar and radiometric signatures SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE WIND WAVES; SOLITONS; OCEAN; MODEL; SHIP; LOCH; SEA AB Strong internal waves (IW) in the form of soliton groups were observed off the Oregon coast with in situ and remote sensors, including shore-based X band and K-a band Doppler radars and an airborne microwave radiometer operating at 37 GHz. Here we analyze the relationships between oceanic isotherm vertical displacements, internal currents, and radar backscatter cross sections, along with Doppler velocity signals at horizontal (HH) and vertical (VV) polarizations, and 37-GHz brightness temperatures measured at intermediate incidence angles from an airship. Analysis of these observations shows that (1) the horizontal spatial structure of the IW field depends on whether it is forced by a strong (spring) tide or weak (neap) tide; (2) while both HH and VV are strongly modulated by IWs, the modulation depth of HH always exceeds that of VV, and they both increase with the IW amplitude; (3) 37-GHz brightness temperature modulations were in phase with radar signal modulations; and (4) the phase of radar signal modulation with respect to the IW is such that the minimum radar signal intensity and lowest microwave brightness temperature lie close to the maximum of the IW thermocline depression or, equivalently, the horizontal current excursion near the surface. This last observation conflicts with the expectation that the highest backscattered signal would be found near the region of greatest surface strain rate (the surface current gradient), Existing theoretical models are briefly reviewed for interactions between the IW field and the intensity of short gravity-capillary waves that might be responsible for this behavior. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Toledo, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Math, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kropfli, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, R-E-ET6,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 27 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 15 PY 1999 VL 104 IS C2 BP 3133 EP 3148 DI 10.1029/98JC02549 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 166UJ UT WOS:000078595300008 ER PT J AU Viudez, A AF Viudez, A TI On Ertel's potential vorticity theorem. On the impermeability theorem for potential vorticity SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTION AB Potential vorticity (PV) is usually defined as alpha omega . grad phi, where alpha is the specific volume, omega is vorticity, and phi is any quantity, usually a conserved one. The most common derivation of the PV theorem therefore uses the component of the vorticity equation normal to the phi surfaces. Since PV can also be expressed as alpha div(u x grad phi) and alpha div(omega phi), alternative derivations of the PV conservation law are introduced. In these derivations the PV conservation theorem is considered as the divergence of the projection (weighted by \grad phi\) of the equation of motion onto the direction of grad phi, or, alternately, as the divergence of a phi-weighted vorticity equation. The first of these interpretations is closely related to the procedure of considering every phi surface as a surface of constraint for the infinitesimal virtual displacements used in variational methods, and therefore it is closely related to a Hamiltonian derivation of the PV theorem. The different expressions are presented using the spatial as well as the material description of the fields. The kinematical foundations of the PV theorem in the material description are especially simple because they only involve derivative commutations with respect to the material variables. It is also provided a precise mathematical expression for the so-called impermeability theorem, clarifying the sense in which such a theorem can be understood. In order to do so it is necessary to introduce a suitable transformation of the fluid velocity. An immediate consequence of such a transformation is that the quantity phi and the quantity omega . grad phi (also called potential vorticity substance per unit volume) behave as a label of the particles and as the "density," respectively, of the transformed fluid. The impermeability theorem is then an expression of the conservation of the "mass" and of the conservation of the identity of the particles in the transformed fluid. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Viudez, A (reprint author), Univ Illes Balears, Dept Fis, E-07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. RI Viudez, Alvaro/A-8201-2008 OI Viudez, Alvaro/0000-0001-7862-9835 NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 1999 VL 56 IS 4 BP 507 EP 516 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0507:OESPVT>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 169GR UT WOS:000078739600005 ER PT J AU McCormack, DA Kroes, GJ Olsen, RA Baerends, EJ Mowrey, RC AF McCormack, DA Kroes, GJ Olsen, RA Baerends, EJ Mowrey, RC TI Rotational effects on vibrational excitation of H-2 on Cu(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 6-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM DYNAMICS; DISSOCIATIVE CHEMISORPTION; CU(111) SURFACE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; ADSORPTION; RELAXATION; SCATTERING; MOLECULE; MOTION; D2 AB Previous experiments have shown that vibrational excitation of H-2 on Cu(111) is accompanied by rotational cooling but were unable to resolve the underlying mechanism. Six-dimensional quantum dynamical calculations on scattering of (v = 0,j) H-2 from Cu(100) strongly suggest that the observed cooling is due to rotational deexcitation occurring simultaneously with vibrational excitation. An alternative mechanism, in which vibrational excitation decreases with increasing initial angular momentum j but j itself is conserved, is ruled out with certainty. [S0031-9007(99)08471-9]. C1 Gorlaeus Labs, Leiden Inst Chem, Gorlaeus Labs, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Free Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gorlaeus Labs, Leiden Inst Chem, Gorlaeus Labs, POB 9502, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RI Baerends, Evert Jan/F-7206-2011 OI Baerends, Evert Jan/0000-0002-3045-4906 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 7 BP 1410 EP 1413 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.1410 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 167GE UT WOS:000078623500017 ER PT J AU Idzerda, YU Chakarian, V Freeland, JW AF Idzerda, YU Chakarian, V Freeland, JW TI Quantifying magnetic domain correlations in multilayer films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; SCATTERING; FE; LAYERS AB The vertical correlation of magnetic domains in a Co/Cr/Co trilayer is statistically quantified as a function of an applied magnetic field. These measurements, used with determinations of the individual layer magnetometry curves, identify the presence of both antiferromagnetic exchange coupling and ferromagnetic dipolar couplings for different regions within the trilayer.[S0031-9007(99)08427-6]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Idzerda, YU (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 7 BP 1562 EP 1565 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.1562 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 167GE UT WOS:000078623500055 ER PT J AU Kroeger, RA Gehrels, N Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Phlips, BP Tueller, J AF Kroeger, RA Gehrels, N Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Phlips, BP Tueller, J TI Charge spreading and position sensitivity in a segmented planar germanium detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY MAY 11-14, 1998 CL ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN ID STRIP DETECTORS AB The size of the charge cloud collected in a segmented germanium detector is limited by the size of the initial cloud, uniformity of the electric field, and the diffusion of electrons and holes through the detector. These factors affect the minimize size of a practical electrode structure and consequently the position sensitivity. We have completed measurements on a germanium strip detector with a finery collimated gamma ray beam to measure these properties. Preliminary results indicate that the electrons and holes spread by < 65 mu m over 9 mm drift distance. The experiment was conducted using a germanium strip detector with 25 boron implanted strips on one face and 25 orthogonal lithium drifted strips on the opposite face. The size of the charge cloud is measured by scanning the fan beam between neighboring strips. Results of these experiments suggest that full charge collection on a single strip would be achieved for a majority of events with strip pitch down to less than or equal to 300 mu m in a 10 mm thick device. Concerns of degradation in the energy resolution due to charge sharing between strips is important for strip pitch much finer than this. There is no evidence of charge loss in hole collection by the boron implanted strips. Applications of a fine pitch germanium strip detector include an imaging focal plane behind a hard X-ray mirror (NASA Constellation mission), or a gamma-ray polarimeter for nuclear physics, amongst others. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. RP Kroeger, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 11 PY 1999 VL 422 IS 1-3 BP 206 EP 210 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01095-X PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 171MY UT WOS:000078868800042 ER PT J AU August, RA Phillips, GW Harper, M Nelson, M Gann, S AF August, RA Phillips, GW Harper, M Nelson, M Gann, S TI Mixed waste characterization in soil SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY MAY 11-14, 1998 CL ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN DE mixed waste; radionuclides; radioactivity AB A pilot program has been initiated at Kirtland AFB, New Mexico to study new methods of environmental characterization and restoration of sites contaminated with potential mixed wastes. The initial program studied four sites whose primary radioactive contaminant was thorium. Geophysical, nuclear, and chemical analyses were performed duping the initial phase, with the program currently expanding to include biochemical studies. The entire program was conducted on-site to eliminate public health concerns about hazardous waste movement and to provide a more efficient and effective way to collect and process characterization samples. Chemical analyses showed no significant chemical contamination by metals, semi-volatile organic compounds, and total petroleum hydrocarbons by EPA standards and thus indicated that the soil would not have to be treated as mixed waste. Radioactivity analysis showed a Th-232 activity that ranged from background levels to over 1000 pCi/g. Additionally, using dry sieving, a correlation was found between sample radiation content and soil grain size. It is planned to exploit this effect later in the program when site remediation strategies ape developed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab Sci & Technol, Naval Reserve Unit 108, Chattanooga, TN 37406 USA. RP August, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6616, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 11 PY 1999 VL 422 IS 1-3 BP 767 EP 772 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00994-2 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 171MY UT WOS:000078868800149 ER PT J AU McDonald, BJ Unsell, CW Elam, WT Hudson, KR Adams, JW AF McDonald, BJ Unsell, CW Elam, WT Hudson, KR Adams, JW TI A cone penetrometer X-ray fluorescence tool for the analysis of subsurface heavy metal contamination SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY MAY 11-14, 1998 CL ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN AB Past use of X-ray fluorescence for the analysis of heavy metal contamination in soil was limited to analyzing either collected samples or soil on an exposed surface. To investigate subsurface contamination at even shallow depths, extensive and often expensive drilling or excavation was required to obtain either a sample or an exposed surface. A cone penetrometer X-ray fluorescence tool has been developed by the US Army, Navy and Air Force Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) to analyze subsurface metal contamination in situ. Using this tool, subsurface metal contamination can be investigated in real time without sampling or excavation. A schematic diagram of the penetrometer tool is provided and operating capabilities are discussed. The results of bench testing and a calibration for lead contaminated standards are presented. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP McDonald, BJ (reprint author), Univ Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 11 PY 1999 VL 422 IS 1-3 BP 805 EP 808 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01001-8 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 171MY UT WOS:000078868800156 ER PT J AU Wood, BE Karovska, M Chen, J Brueckner, GE Cook, JW Howard, RA AF Wood, BE Karovska, M Chen, J Brueckner, GE Cook, JW Howard, RA TI Comparison of two coronal mass ejections observed by EIT and LASCO with a model of an erupting magnetic flux rope SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : particle emission; Sun : prominences ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION; DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION; STREAMER; DISRUPTION; SYSTEM AB We present observations of two coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed by the LASCO and EIT instruments on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. One was observed on 1997 April 30 and the other on 1997 February 23. The latter CME is accompanied by a spectacular prominence eruption and reaches velocities of about 900 km s(-1), while the former has no apparent accompanying prominence eruption and attains velocities of only about 300 km s(-1). However, the two CMEs are similar in appearance, having bright circular rims that can be interpreted as marking the apexes of expanding magnetic flux ropes, and both can be tracked from their origins near the surface of the Sun out to great distances. We compare the kinematic and morphological properties of these CMEs with an MHD model of an erupting flux rope and find that the CMEs can be successfully modeled in this manner. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wood, BE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 22 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 1999 VL 512 IS 1 BP 484 EP 495 DI 10.1086/306758 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 178DM UT WOS:000079251100047 ER PT J AU Kink, I Engstrom, L Feldman, U AF Kink, I Engstrom, L Feldman, U TI New identifications of Si VIII and S x lines in the solar coronal spectrum measured by SOHO/SUMER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; Sun : corona ID 3D CONFIGURATIONS; TERM SYSTEM; SUMER; IX; 2P(3)3S; SULFUR; 3P AB This paper reports the identification of 14 lines in the solar coronal spectrum as high-excitation 2s(2)2p(2)3s-2s(2)2p(2)3p and 2s(2)2p(2)3p-2s(2)2p(2)3d transitions in Si VIII and S x (N I isoelectronic sequence). The analysis combines solar spectra, recorded by the SUMER (Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation) instrument on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) satellite, with laboratory data obtained with the beam-foil technique. Theoretical gA values and branching ratios for the observed lines, based on semiempirical calculations, are also presented. Intensity ratios between the newly identified high-excitation transitions and known forbidden transitions within the 2s(2)2p(3) ground configuration can be used in determining coronal plasma temperatures in the 70-120 eV range. C1 Univ Lund, Dept Phys, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kink, I (reprint author), Univ Lund, Dept Phys, Solvegatan 14, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 1999 VL 512 IS 1 BP 496 EP 499 DI 10.1086/306738 PN 1 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 178DM UT WOS:000079251100048 ER PT J AU Chu, YH Caulet, A Montes, MJ Panagia, N Van Dyk, SD Weiler, KW AF Chu, YH Caulet, A Montes, MJ Panagia, N Van Dyk, SD Weiler, KW TI Detection of preshock dense circumstellar material of SN 1978K SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; galaxies : individual (NGC 1313); stars : mass loss; supernovae : individual (SN 1978K) ID EMISSION-LINES; II SUPERNOVAE; RING NEBULAE; ATLAS AB The supernova SN 1978K has been noted for its lack of emission lines broader than a few thousand kilometers per second since its discovery in 1990. Modeling of the radio spectrum of the peculiar SN 1978K indicates the existence of H II absorption along the line of sight. To determine the nature of this absorbing region, we have obtained a high-dispersion spectrum of SN 1978K at the wavelength range 6530-6610 Angstrom. The spectrum shows not only the moderately broad H alpha emission of the supernova ejecta but also narrow nebular H alpha and [N II] emission. The high [N II] lambda 6583/H alpha ratio, 0.8-1.3, suggests that this radio-absorbing region is a stellar ejecta nebula. The expansion velocity and emission measure of the nebula are consistent with those seen in ejecta nebulae of luminous blue variables. Previous low-dispersion spectra have detected a strong [N II] lambda 5755 line, indicating an electron density of (3-12) x 10(5) cm(-3). We argue that this stellar ejecta nebula is probably part of the preshock dense circumstellar envelope of SN 1978K, We further suggest that SN 1997ab may represent a young version of SN 1978K. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Chu, YH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015; OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380; Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 1999 VL 512 IS 1 BP L51 EP L54 DI 10.1086/311866 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 178DP UT WOS:000079251300014 ER PT J AU Cukauskas, EJ Allen, LH AF Cukauskas, EJ Allen, LH TI Critical current characteristics of composite thin films of Au and YBa2Cu3O7 SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE critical current; Au; YBa2Cu3O7 ID VORTEX-FLOW TRANSISTORS; JOSEPHSON; JUNCTIONS; DEVICES AB Thin film composites of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) with gold were deposited by inverted cylindrical magnetron sputtering on SrTiO3 (STO), MgO, and yttrium stabilized zirconium (YSZ) substrates using a bilayer deposition process. The material and electrical properties of crystal structure, surface morphology, resistivity, transition temperature (T-c), resistance ratio, and critical current (I-c) as a function of temperature and small magnetic fields were investigated. Films deposited on STO showed little degradation in superconducting properties up to 500 Angstrom of gold with 1 k Angstrom of YBCO; for YSZ and MgO, the films showed a rapid fall-off in T-c with gold thickness. For YSZ 3-10 Angstrom of gold caused the films to become insulating; however, for gold greater than 25 Angstrom, the films were superconducting but T-c rapidly fell to zero by 500 Angstrom of gold. Composites on MgO showed the most rapid fall-off in T-c going to zero by 200 Angstrom of gold. The temperature dependence of I-c was predominately quadratic. However, some films showed a crossover between quadratic and linear temperature dependence in I-c. The I-c of all the composites showed a response to small magnetic fields with the films on STO being the least sensitive and those on MgO the most. There was a trade-off between T-c and field response with the film having the greatest response having the lowest T-c. These composite films show potential for vortex flow device development. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cukauskas, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6863, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD FEB 10 PY 1999 VL 313 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(98)00710-2 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 170NB UT WOS:000078811100002 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Serafim, P AF Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Serafim, P TI Dynamics of short laser pulses propagating in plasma channels SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-INTENSITY LASERS; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; HARMONIC-GENERATION; WAVE-GUIDE; RAMAN; SCATTERING; VACUUM; BEAMS AB We present an extension of the paraxial wave equation, taking finite-pulse-length effects into account. A pair of coupled envelope-power equations having finite pulse length as well as nonlinear focusing effects is derived and analyzed in a plasma channel. In plasma channels, pulses can undergo an envelope modulation which is damped in the front and initially grows in the back of the pulse. Finite-pulse-length effects also significantly increase the nonlinear focusing. [S0031-9007(99)08439-2]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 48 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 8 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 6 BP 1173 EP 1176 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.1173 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 164HV UT WOS:000078458500024 ER PT J AU Gross, A Scheffler, M Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Gross, A Scheffler, M Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Ab initio based tight-binding hamiltonian for the dissociation of molecules at surfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; TRANSITION-METALS; H-2 DISSOCIATION; NEURAL-NETWORK; NOBLE-METALS; ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; DYNAMICS; PD(100) AB A tight-binding total-energy (TBTE) method has been developed to interpolate between first-principles results describing the dissociation of molecules at surfaces. The TBTE scheme requires only a relatively small number of ab initio energies as input and gives a reliable global representation of the ab initio potential energy surface to within 0.1 eV accuracy compared to the ab initio results. This approach will open the way to the nb initio molecular dynamics description of reactions invoking many atoms and long time scales that are currently nor accessible by first-principles methods. [S0031-9007(99)08464-1]. C1 Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gross, A (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept T30, D-85747 Garching, Germany. RI Gross, Axel/B-4023-2014; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016; Scheffler, Matthias/O-4649-2016 OI Gross, Axel/0000-0003-4037-7331; NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 8 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 6 BP 1209 EP 1212 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.1209 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 164HV UT WOS:000078458500033 ER PT J AU Chapman, RD Gilardi, RD Welker, MF Kreutzberger, CB AF Chapman, RD Gilardi, RD Welker, MF Kreutzberger, CB TI Nitrolysis of a highly deactivated amide by protonitronium. Synthesis and structure of HNFX SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Office-of-Naval-Research Energetic Materials Informal Workshop CY DEC 03-06, 1996 CL ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND SP Off Naval Res ID ENERGETIC MATERIALS; DICATION NO2H2+; NITRAMINES; NITRATION; SYSTEMS; ACID AB Efficient N-nitrolysis of highly deactivated 3,3,7,7-tetrakis(difluoramino)octahydro-1,5-bis(4-ni- trobenzenesulfonyl)-1,5-diazocine (1) has been achieved by the use of protonitronium reagent formed in the system nitric acid-trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, producing 3,3,7,7-tetrakis(difluoramino)octahydro-1,5-dinitro-1,5-diazocine (HNFX, 2) in 65% yield in a nonoptimized reaction. The crystal structure of the first morphology of HNFX contains cavities in the form of channels through its unit cell; the observed density is 1.807 g . cm(-3). C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Naval Aviat Sci & Technol Off, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. TPL Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Chapman, RD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Naval Aviat Sci & Technol Off, Code 4T4220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD FEB 5 PY 1999 VL 64 IS 3 BP 960 EP 965 DI 10.1021/jo9819640 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 165XY UT WOS:000078548200045 ER PT J AU Everett, RK Geltmacher, AB AF Everett, RK Geltmacher, AB TI Spatial distribution of MnS inclusions in HY-100 steel SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID DUCTILE C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FM Technol Inc, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. RP Everett, RK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6352, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Everett, Richard/0000-0002-6725-9442 NR 6 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD FEB 5 PY 1999 VL 40 IS 5 BP 567 EP 571 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(98)00450-3 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 177CK UT WOS:000079189700008 ER PT J AU Carter, GM Mu, RM Grigoryan, VS Menyuk, CR Sinha, P Carruthers, TF Dennis, ML Duling, IN AF Carter, GM Mu, RM Grigoryan, VS Menyuk, CR Sinha, P Carruthers, TF Dennis, ML Duling, IN TI Transmission of dispersion-managed solitons at 20 Gbit/s over 20,000 km SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPENSATION AB The transmission of 20Gbit/s data over distances of 20000km was achieved using dispersion-managed solitons without significant impairment due to pulse-to-pulse interactions, Error rates of <10(9) were achieved over the entire distance measured. C1 Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, CSEE Dept, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carter, GM (reprint author), Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 1999 VL 35 IS 3 BP 233 EP 234 DI 10.1049/el:19990105 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 168LL UT WOS:000078694200038 ER PT J AU Anderson, ML Morris, CA Stroud, RM Merzbacher, CI Rolison, DR AF Anderson, ML Morris, CA Stroud, RM Merzbacher, CI Rolison, DR TI Colloidal gold aerogels: Preparation, properties, and characterization SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrochemistry at Nanostructed Materials, at the 215th Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 29-APR 02, 1998 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP Amer Chem Soc ID SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; POROUS MATERIALS; SOL-GELS; COATINGS; SPECTROSCOPY; MONOLAYERS; PARTICLES; MATRICES AB Colloidal metal aerogels are composite nanoscale materials that combine the high surface area and porosity of aerogels with the unique optical and physical properties of metal colloids. As such, they are being developed as advanced sensor, catalytic, and electrocatalytic materials. We have prepared colloidal gold-silica aerogels containing gold colloids ranging in size from 5 to 100 nm. The results presented herein focus on 5- and 28-nm Au-containing silica aerogels for the initial characterization of the interaction between the metal colloid and the silica matrix. A blue-shift of the Au plasmon resonance for silica-immobilized Au colloids (relative to the same colloids in a native Au sol) indicates an interaction between the Au colloid and the nanoscale silica network. Transmission electron microscopy measurements have been used to determine the average size and distribution of the colloidal Au particles, as well as to image the nanoscale silica environment supporting an immobilized Au colloid. Small-angle neutron scattering measurements show no significant changes in the three-dimensional structures of either the base- or acid-catalyzed silica aerogels upon incorporation of small amounts (<0.1 vol %) of colloidal Au. However, for base-catalyzed aerogels, nitrogen physisorption measurements reveal that the average pore size (relative to the pure silica aerogel) decreases as the size of the Au colloid is increased above the ca. 10-nm domain size of the silica (which implies that the Au colloid occludes pore space) while it increases for 5-nm colloidal Au-silica aerogel. The accessibility of the Au surface in colloidal Au-silica aerogels to species introduced from solution is demonstrated by direct adsorption of the dye methyl orange to the Au surface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Opt Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rolison@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 52 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 2 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 674 EP 681 DI 10.1021/la980784i PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 164XF UT WOS:000078488300006 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR Hagans, PL Swider, KE Long, JW AF Rolison, DR Hagans, PL Swider, KE Long, JW TI Role of hydrous ruthenium oxide in Pt-Ru direct methanol fuel cell anode electrocatalysts: The importance of mixed electron/proton conductivity SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrochemistry at Nanostructed Materials, at the 215th Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 29-APR 02, 1998 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP Amer Chem Soc ID ELECTROOXIDATION; PLATINUM; ALLOYS; OXIDATION; AEROGELS; OXYGEN; NANOPARTICLES; SURFACES; ATOMS; CO AB Pt-Ru is the favored anode catalyst for the oxidation of methanol in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The nanoscale Pt-Ru blacks are accepted to be bimetallic alloys as based on their X-ray diffraction patterns. Our bulk and surface analyses show that although practical Pt-Ru blacks have diffraction patterns consistent with an alloy assignment, they are primarily a mix of Pt metal and Ru oxides plus some Pt oxides and only small amounts of Ru metal. Thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of as-received Pt-Ru electrocatalysts indicate that DMFC materials contain substantial amounts of hydrous ruthenium oxide (RuOxHy). A potential misidentification of nanoscale Pt-Ru blacks arises because RuOxH is amorphous and cannot be discerned by X-ray diffraction. Hydrous ruthenium oxide is a mixed proton and electron conductor and innately expresses Ru-OH speciation. These properties are of key importance in the mechanism of methanol oxidation, in particular, Ru-OH is a critical component of the bifunctional mechanism proposed for direct methanol oxidation in that it is the oxygen-transfer species that oxidatively dissociates -C=O fragments from the Pt surface. The catalysts and membrane-electrode assemblies of DMFCs should not be processed at or exposed to temperatures > 150 degrees C, as such conditions deleteriously lower the proton conductivity of hydrous ruthenium oxide and thus affect the ability of the Ru component of the electrocatalyst to dissociate water. With this analytical understanding of the true nature of practical nanoscale Pt-Ru electrocatalysts, we can now recommend that hydrous ruthenium oxide, rather than Ru metal or anhydrous RuO2, is the preferred Ru speciation in these catalysts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rolison@nrl.navy.mil NR 49 TC 391 Z9 395 U1 9 U2 105 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 2 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 774 EP 779 DI 10.1021/la9807863 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 164XF UT WOS:000078488300020 ER PT J AU Long, JW Swider, KE Merzbacher, CI Rolison, DR AF Long, JW Swider, KE Merzbacher, CI Rolison, DR TI Voltammetric characterization of ruthenium oxide-based aerogels and other RuO2 solids: The nature of capacitance in nanostructured materials SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrochemistry at Nanostructed Materials, at the 215th Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 29-APR 02, 1998 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP Amer Chem Soc ID ELECTRODES; CARBON; SURFACE; SUPERCAPACITOR; INTERCALATION; REDUCTION; CATALYSTS; DIOXIDE AB Ruthenium dioxide is an important electrode material for applications in electrocatalysis and power sources. High surface areas are achieved in hydrous RuO2 precipitates and in mixed ruthenium oxide-titanium oxide, (Ru-Ti)O-x, aerogels (in which nanoscale domains are networked to form a highly porous structure). The electrochemical properties of(Ru-Ti)O-x aerogels, RuO2, and hydrous RuO2 are examined by direct pressing of sub-milligram quantities of the solid onto the surface of a conductive carbon/wax composite. Voltammetric measurements in acidic electrolyte confirm a pseudocapacitive response for all the RuOx-based materials. Despite an improvement in BET surface area, as compared with other RuO2 materials, the (Ru-Ti)O-x aerogel displays a low specific capacitance, which correlates to the high degree of crystallinity of the aerogel. Nanocrystallites of rutile RuO2, formed during thermal treatment of the sol-gel Ru/Ti precursors, deleteriously affect the specific capacitance of the material; however, all RuOx domains in the aerogel are voltammetrically addressable. The influence of proton-donating species on the observed capacitance for the (Ru-Ti)O-x aerogel is evident from the dependence of the voltammetric charge in acidic electrolyte on the potential scan rate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rolison@nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 171 Z9 175 U1 9 U2 76 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 2 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 780 EP 785 DI 10.1021/la980785a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 164XF UT WOS:000078488300021 ER PT J AU Konnert, J Karle, J Karle, IL Uma, K Balaram, P AF Konnert, J Karle, J Karle, IL Uma, K Balaram, P TI Isomorphous replacement combined with anomalous dispersion in the linear equations: application to a crystal containing four nonapeptide conformers SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID METHIONINE-LEUCINE-PHENYLALANINE; L-PHE-OME; CONFORMATION; CHEMOATTRACTANTS; NEUTROPHILS; RECEPTOR; RESIDUES; PEPTIDES; ANALOGS AB The investigation of the structure of the four conformers of the nonapeptide described here has an additional purpose: to illustrate a method for combining isomorphous replacement information with anomalous dispersion information within the linear equations that have found use in the analysis of multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion data. In the present application, isomorphous replacement data were obtained from the replacement of naturally occurring S atoms in the nonapeptide with Se atoms. Only one wavelength was used for the analysis: Cu K alpha radiation. Details of the analysis are presented, as well as the structural results obtained. It was found that the four independent molecules in the structure have similar, but not identical, conformations. The backbones fold into predominantly alpha-helices with one or two 3(10)-type hydrogen bonds and have extended side chains. Three to four water molecules are associated with each of the four head-to-tail regions between the peptides. Optimal packing between hydrophobic surfaces may account for the existence of four molecules in an asymmetric unit. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Konnert, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-30902] NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 55 BP 448 EP 457 DI 10.1107/S0907444998011081 PN 2 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 165UU UT WOS:000078540900012 PM 10089354 ER PT J AU Seaver, M Eversole, JD Hardgrove, JJ Cary, WK Roselle, DC AF Seaver, M Eversole, JD Hardgrove, JJ Cary, WK Roselle, DC TI Size and fluorescence measurements for field detection of biological aerosols SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; DISEASE AB This paper describes an instrument developed to monitor the biological fraction of an aerosol. The instrument simultaneously sizes individual particles in a flowing air stream and measures their total fluorescence following excitation at 266 mm, Laboratory data show that these two parameters enable discrimination between individuals of certain bacterial species. Field measurements are presented in which bacterial samples were aerosolized and subsequently detected 800 m downwind. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Seaver, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5610, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 30 IS 2 BP 174 EP 185 DI 10.1080/027868299304769 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 171ME UT WOS:000078866900008 ER PT J AU Viera, AJ Clenney, TL Shenenberger, DW AF Viera, AJ Clenney, TL Shenenberger, DW TI Photo quiz - Vaginal bleeding at 16 weeks - Hydatidiform mole. SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article C1 USN Hosp, Family Practice Residency, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. RP Viera, AJ (reprint author), USN Hosp, Family Practice Residency, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 3 BP 649 EP 651 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 165ZY UT WOS:000078552800014 PM 10029790 ER PT J AU Brennan, T AF Brennan, T TI Barmaids: A History of women's work in pubs. SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brennan, T (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 104 IS 1 BP 169 EP 170 DI 10.2307/2650213 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 171MQ UT WOS:000078868100035 ER PT J AU Crawford, MJ AF Crawford, MJ TI Jonathan Dickinson and the formative years of Presbyterianism. SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Crawford, MJ (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 104 IS 1 BP 184 EP 185 DI 10.2307/2650229 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 171MQ UT WOS:000078868100051 ER PT J AU Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK Almeida, SA Williams, KM Ronaghy, S AF Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK Almeida, SA Williams, KM Ronaghy, S TI Use of simple measures of physical activity to predict stress fractures in young men undergoing a rigorous physical training program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exercise; fractures; stress; military personnel; physical fitness; wounds and injuries ID LOWER-EXTREMITY INJURIES; RISK-FACTORS; RUNNING INJURIES; QUESTIONNAIRE; VALIDITY; FITNESS; POPULATIONS; RECRUITS; RUNNERS; WOMEN AB Among a population of randomly selected US Marine Corps recruits at Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego, California, the authors developed a screening tool to identify individuals at high risk for lower extremity stress fracture when beginning a rigorous physical training program. The screening tool was developed among 1,286 recruits, then tested and refined among 1,078 additional recruits. The refined algorithm, consisting of five physical activity questions and a 1.5-mi (2.4-km) run time, revealed that 21.6% of "high risk" subjects suffered more than three times as many stress fractures as "low risk" subjects. These data suggest that risk of stress fracture during rigorous physical training is increased by poor physical fitness and low levels of physical activity prior to their entry into the program. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, Div Clin Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Shaffer, RA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, Div Clin Epidemiol, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 33 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 149 IS 3 BP 236 EP 242 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 160ZB UT WOS:000078262300006 PM 9927218 ER PT J AU Becker, SI Smalligan, RD Frame, JD Kleanthous, H Tibbitts, TJ Monath, TP Hyams, KC AF Becker, SI Smalligan, RD Frame, JD Kleanthous, H Tibbitts, TJ Monath, TP Hyams, KC TI Risk of Helicobacter pylori infection among long-term residents in developing countries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; CHRONIC GASTRITIS; UNITED-STATES; FOLLOW-UP; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN; SEROPREVALENCE; ULCER; ANTIBODIES; CHILDHOOD AB The seroprevalence and incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection were determined among 312 North American missionaries who were serving in developing countries between 1967 and 1984. The majority (81%) resided in sub-Saharan Africa. When initially evaluated, the missionaries had a mean age of 40 years, 65% were female, and all were of white race/ethnicity. An ELISA showed that the initial prevalence of IgG antibody to H. pylori was 17%. After a mean of 7.4 years of service (1917 person-years of exposure), 37 (14%) of 259 initially seronegative subjects seroconverted to anti-H. pylori, giving an annual incidence of 1.9%. These data indicate a relatively higher risk of H. pylori infection among missionaries compared with an annual incidence of seroconversion of 0.3-1.0% in industrialized nations. Long-term residents in developing countries should be evaluated for H. pylori infection when gastrointestinal symptoms develop. C1 Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC USA. Hosp VozAndes, Pastaza, Ecuador. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY USA. OraVax Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Div Epidemiol, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Becker, SI (reprint author), Providence Family Med Ctr, 550 16th Ave,Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 60 IS 2 BP 267 EP 270 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 171RW UT WOS:000078878700019 PM 10072149 ER PT J AU Hau, CH Hien, TT Tien, NTK Khiem, HB Sac, PK Nhung, VT Larasati, RP Laras, K Putri, MP Doss, R Hyams, KC Corwin, AL AF Hau, CH Hien, TT Tien, NTK Khiem, HB Sac, PK Nhung, VT Larasati, RP Laras, K Putri, MP Doss, R Hyams, KC Corwin, AL TI Prevalence of enteric hepatitis A and E viruses in the Mekong river delta region of Vietnam SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VIRAL-HEPATITIS; EPIDEMIC; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS AB A study of antibody prevalence for hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) was carried out in southwestern Vietnam in an area adjacent to a known focus of epidemic HEV transmission. The purpose of this investigation was first to provide a prevalence measure of hepatitis infections, and second to determine the outbreak potential of HEV as a function of the susceptible population. Blood specimens collected from 646 persons in randomly selected village hamlets were examined by an ELISA for anti-HEV IgG and anti-HAV IgG. The prevalences of anti-HEV IgG and anti-HAV IgG were 9% and 97%, respectively. There was a significant increase (P < 0.01) in age-specific anti-HEV IgG. A notable increase in anti-HAV IgG prevalence (P < 0.0001) occurred between child populations 0-4 (64%) and 5-9 (95%) years of age. No evidence of familial clustering of anti-HEV IgG-positive individuals was detected, and household crowding was not associated with the spread of HEV. Boiling of water was found to be of protective value against HEV transmission. A relatively low prevalence of anti-HEV indicates considerable HEV outbreak potential, against a background of 1) poor, water-related hygiene/sanitation, 2) dependence on a (likely human/animal waste)-contaminated Mekong riverine system, and 3) periodic river flooding. C1 An Giang Prov Hlth Author, An Giang, Vietnam. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Cho Quan Hosp, Ctr Trop Dis, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Inst Pasteur, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Abbott Labs, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Div Epidemiol, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Hau, CH (reprint author), An Giang Prov Hlth Author, An Giang, Vietnam. NR 10 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 60 IS 2 BP 277 EP 280 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 171RW UT WOS:000078878700021 PM 10072151 ER PT J AU Freilich, D Branda, R Hacker, M Leach, L Barry, B Ferris, S Hebert, J AF Freilich, D Branda, R Hacker, M Leach, L Barry, B Ferris, S Hebert, J TI Decreased lactic acidosis and anemia after transfusion of O-raffinose cross-linked and polymerized hemoglobin in severe murine malaria SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; CEREBRAL MALARIA; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; INFECTION; CHILDREN; CHABAUDI; MICE; ERYTHROPOIETIN AB Severe anemia is a major cause of death in falciparum malaria. Blood transfusion increases survival in humans and in animal models of this disease. Because of logistic constraints and viral contamination of the blood supply, transfusions sire frequently not practical in endemic regions. Modified hemoglobin is an effective O-2 carrier in hemorrhagic shock, It is free of infectious contamination, may not require refrigeration, and because of its nitric oxide scavenging and small size, may have pharmacologic benefits in malaria. The effects of transfusions of modified hemoglobin in rats with high-grade parasitemia were evaluated. Modified hemoglobin decreased lactic acidosis and corrected anemia as well as transfusions with red blood cells; these findings may correlate with improved survival and suggest a possible proerythropoietic effect. Further study of this novel therapy is warranted. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Surg, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Pharmacol, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Internal Med, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. RP Freilich, D (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 60 IS 2 BP 322 EP 328 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 171RW UT WOS:000078878700030 PM 10072160 ER PT J AU Freilich, E Freilich, D Leach, L Barry, B Hebert, J AF Freilich, E Freilich, D Leach, L Barry, B Hebert, J TI Diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin improves blood pressure and allows reduced dosing of dopamine in a porcine model of dopamine resistant sepsis SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Surg, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 88 IS 2 SU S MA S137 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 165EN UT WOS:000078507400138 ER PT J AU Wheeler, DS AF Wheeler, DS TI Radiological case of the month - Necrotizing enterocolitis in a term infant SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 USN Hosp, Dept Pediat, FPO, AP 96538 USA. RP Wheeler, DS (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Pediat, PSC 490,Box 221, FPO, AP 96538 USA. EM dwheeler@gam10.med.navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 153 IS 2 BP 199 EP 200 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 164PZ UT WOS:000078473900014 PM 9988252 ER PT J AU Mason, BD Douglass, GG Hartkopf, WI AF Mason, BD Douglass, GG Hartkopf, WI TI Binary star orbits from speckle interferometry. I. Improved orbital elements of 22 visual systems SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; binaries : visual; stars : fundamental parameters; techniques : interferometric ID REFINED MK CLASSIFICATION; LUNAR OCCULTATION SYSTEMS; A-TYPE STARS; STROMGREN PHOTOMETRY; CONFRONTATION; ROTATION AB Improved orbital elements for 22 binary systems are presented. For 12 systems, masses are calculated using available trigonometric parallaxes and making certain assumptions regarding the mass ratio. For the other 10 systems, provisional elements are provided that should provide relatively accurate ephemerides for the next decade. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 59 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 117 IS 2 BP 1023 EP 1036 DI 10.1086/300748 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 172CT UT WOS:000078905300029 ER PT J AU Hilton, JL AF Hilton, JL TI US Naval Observatory ephemerides of the largest asteroids SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE celestial mechanics, stellar dynamics; minor planets, asteroids ID MASSES; PERTURBATIONS; ASTROMETRY; CERES; MARS AB A new set of ephemerides for 15 of the largest asteroids has been produced for use in the Astronomical Almanac. The ephemerides cover the period from 1800 through 2100. The internal uncertainty in the mean longitude at epoch, 1997 December 18, ranges from 0".05 for 7 Iris through 0".22 for 65 Cybele, and the uncertainty in the mean motion varies from 0".02 per century for 4 Vesta to 0".14 per century for 511 Davida. This compares very favorably with the internal errors for the outer planets in recent Jet Propulsion Laboratory planetary ephemerides. However, because the asteroids have relatively little mass and are subject to perturbations by other asteroids, the actual uncertainties in their mean motions are likely to be a few tenths of an arcsecond per century. As part of the improvement to the ephemerides, new masses and densities were determined for 1 Ceres, 2 Pallas, and 4 Vesta, the three largest asteroids. These masses are as follows: Ceres = (4.39 +/- 0.04) x 10(-10) M-circle dot, Pallas = (1.59 +/- 0.05) x 10(-10) M-circle dot, and Vesta = (1.69 +/- 0.11) x 10(-10) M-circle dot. The mass for Ceres is smaller than most previous determinations of its mass. This smaller mass is a direct consequence of the increase in the mass determined for Pellas. The densities found for these three asteroids are 2.00 +/- 0.03 g cm(-3) for Ceres, 4.2 +/- 0.3 gm cm(-3) for Pallas, and 4.3 +/- 0.3 g cm(-3) for Vesta. The density for Ceres is somewhat greater than that found for the taxonomically similar 253 Mathilde. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Hilton, JL (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 35 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 117 IS 2 BP 1077 EP 1086 DI 10.1086/300728 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 172CT UT WOS:000078905300034 ER PT J AU Colbert, JW Malkan, MA Clegg, PE Cox, P Fischer, J Lord, SD Luhman, M Satyapal, S Smith, HA Spinoglio, L Stacey, G Unger, SJ AF Colbert, JW Malkan, MA Clegg, PE Cox, P Fischer, J Lord, SD Luhman, M Satyapal, S Smith, HA Spinoglio, L Stacey, G Unger, SJ TI ISO LWS spectroscopy of M82: A unified evolutionary model SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; galaxies : individual (M82); galaxies : ISM; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies ID FAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; STARBURST NUCLEUS; GALACTIC NUCLEI; STAR-FORMATION; GAS DISK; GALAXY; LINE; EMISSION AB We present the first complete far-infrared spectrum (43-197 mu m) of M82, the brightest infrared galaxy in the sky, taken with the Long Wavelength Spectrometer of the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). We detected seven fine structure emission lines, [O I] 63 and 145 mu m, [O III] 52 and 88 mu m, [N II] 122 mu m, [N III] 57 mu m, and [C II] 158 mu m, and fitted their ratios to a combination starburst and photodissociation region (PDR) model. The best fit is obtained with H II regions with n = 250 cm(-3), an ionization parameter of 10(-3.5), and PDRs with n = 10(3.3) cm(-3) and a far-ultraviolet flux of G(0) = 10(2.8). We applied both continuous and instantaneous starburst models, with our best fit being a 3-5 Myr old instantaneous burst model with a 100 M-. cutoff. We also detected the ground-state rotational line of OH in absorption at 119.4 mu m. No excited level OH transitions are apparent, indicating that the OH is almost entirely in its ground state with a column density similar to 4 x 10(14) cm(-2). The spectral energy distribution over the long-wavelength spectrometer wavelength range is well fitted with a 48 K dust temperature and an optical depth, tau(Dust) proportional to lambda(-1). C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ London Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, Dept Phys, London E1 4NS, England. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Colbert, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Spinoglio, Luigi/0000-0001-8840-1551 NR 51 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 511 IS 2 BP 721 EP 729 DI 10.1086/306711 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176NN UT WOS:000079158100018 ER PT J AU Castro-Tirado, AJ Zapatero-Osorio, MR Gorosabel, J Griner, J Heidt, J Herranz, D Kemp, SN Martinez-Gonzalez, E Oscoz, A Ortega, V Roser, HJ Wolf, C Pedersen, H Jaunsen, AO Korhonen, H Ilyin, I Duemmler, R Andersen, MI Hjorth, J Henden, AA Vrba, FJ Fried, JW Frontera, F Nicastro, L AF Castro-Tirado, AJ Zapatero-Osorio, MR Gorosabel, J Griner, J Heidt, J Herranz, D Kemp, SN Martinez-Gonzalez, E Oscoz, A Ortega, V Roser, HJ Wolf, C Pedersen, H Jaunsen, AO Korhonen, H Ilyin, I Duemmler, R Andersen, MI Hjorth, J Henden, AA Vrba, FJ Fried, JW Frontera, F Nicastro, L TI The optical/IR counterpart of the 1998 July 3 gamma-ray burst and its evolution SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; gamma rays : bursts ID STELLAR AB We imaged the X-ray error box of GRB 980703, beginning 22.5 hr after the gamma-ray event, in both the optical R and near-infrared H bands. A fading optical/IR object was detected within the X-ray error box, coincident with the variable radio source reported by Frail et al. in 1998, who also detected the optical transient independently of us. Further imagery revealed the gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxy, with R = 22.49 +/- 0.04 and H = 20.5 +/- 0.25, the brightest so far detected. When excluding its contribution to the total flux, both the R- and H-band light curves are well fit by a power-law decay with index alpha similar or equal to 1.4. Our data suggest an intrinsic column density in the host galaxy of similar to 3.5 x 10(21) cm(-2), which indicates the existence of a dense and gas-rich medium in which the GRB occurred, thus supporting the hypernova model scenarios. C1 Lab Astrofis Espacial & Fis Fundamental, INTA, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Spain. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Landessternwarte Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. CSIC, UC, Inst Fis Cantabria, Santander, Spain. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Copenhagen Astron Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. Nord Opt Telescope, La Palma, Spain. Univ Oulu, Astron Div, FIN-90571 Oulu, Finland. Nord Inst Theoret Phys, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. USN Observ, USRA, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. CNR, Ist Tecnol & Studio Radiaz Extraterr, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. CNR, Ist Fis Cosm & Applicaz Informat, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. RP Castro-Tirado, AJ (reprint author), Lab Astrofis Espacial & Fis Fundamental, INTA, POB 50727, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. RI Herranz, Diego/K-9143-2014; Hjorth, Jens/M-5787-2014; Martinez-Gonzalez, Enrique/E-9534-2015; Nicastro, Luciano/F-5866-2015; Korhonen, Heidi/E-3065-2016; Zapatero Osorio, Maria Rosa/C-2744-2017 OI Herranz, Diego/0000-0003-4540-1417; Hjorth, Jens/0000-0002-4571-2306; Martinez-Gonzalez, Enrique/0000-0002-0179-8590; Nicastro, Luciano/0000-0001-8534-6788; Korhonen, Heidi/0000-0003-0529-1161; Zapatero Osorio, Maria Rosa/0000-0001-5664-2852 NR 32 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 511 IS 2 BP L85 EP L88 DI 10.1086/311846 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176NP UT WOS:000079158200005 ER PT J AU Vestrand, WT Share, GH Murphy, RJ Forrest, DJ Rieger, E Chupp, EL Kanbach, G AF Vestrand, WT Share, GH Murphy, RJ Forrest, DJ Rieger, E Chupp, EL Kanbach, G TI The Solar Maximum Mission atlas of gamma-ray flares SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; gamma rays : bursts; Sun : flares ID SPECTROMETER; ACCELERATION; SPECTROSCOPY; ABUNDANCES; ELECTRONS; EVENTS; IONS AB We present a compilation of data for all 258 gamma-ray flares detected above 300 keV by the Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) aboard the Solar Maximum Mission satellite. This gamma-ray flare sample was collected during the period from 1980 February to 1989 November; covering the latter half of the 21st solar sunspot cycle and the onset of the 22d solar sunspot cycle. We describe the SMM/GRS instrument, its in-orbit operation, and the principal data reduction methods used to derive the gamma-ray flare properties. Utilizing measurements for 185 flares that were sufficiently intense to allow the derivation of gamma-ray spectra, we present an atlas of time profiles and gamma-ray spectra. The flare parameters derived from the gamma-ray spectra include bremsstrahlung fluence and best-fit power-law parameters, narrow nuclear line fluence, positron annihilation line fluence, neutron capture line fluence, and an indication of whether or not emissions greater than 10 MeV were present. Since a uniform methodology was adopted for deriving the parameters, this atlas should be very useful for future statistical and correlative studies of solar flares. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. RP Vestrand, WT (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Morse Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 29 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 120 IS 2 BP 409 EP 467 DI 10.1086/313180 PG 59 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 192RZ UT WOS:000080094000011 ER PT J AU Kang, W Gu, GX Sparks, A Banda, S AF Kang, W Gu, GX Sparks, A Banda, S TI Bifurcation test functions and surge control for axial flow compressors SO AUTOMATICA LA English DT Article DE compressor; control; rotating stall; surge; bifurcation stabilization; test functions AB Surge control is investigated in conjunction with rotating stall control for axial flow compressors using a bifurcation approach. Test functions are developed to determine the existence and stability of the Hopf bifurcation associated with surge for closed-loop systems under linear state feedback. A control design method is proposed for the synthesis of linear feedback laws that eliminate surge, coupled with rotating stall for any given compact parameter set. Comparisons are made with existing results. Stabilization results are demonstrated with numerical simulations. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Wright Lab, Flight Dynam Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0005-1098 J9 AUTOMATICA JI Automatica PD FEB PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 229 EP 239 DI 10.1016/S0005-1098(98)00148-4 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 173UD UT WOS:000078997400004 ER PT J AU Hill, SY Yuan, HX Locke, J AF Hill, SY Yuan, HX Locke, J TI Path analysis of P300 amplitude of individuals from families at high and low risk for developing alcoholism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE P300; high risk; TAU model; familial transmission; personality; path analysis ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; MULTIFACTORIAL INHERITANCE; CHILDHOOD PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; CULTURAL TRANSMISSION; ABSTINENT ALCOHOLICS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; BRAIN POTENTIALS; FEMALE PROBANDS; PERSONALITY; CHILDREN AB Background: A substantial amount of evidence exists suggesting that P300 amplitude in childhood is a risk marker for later development of alcohol dependence, There is evidence that P300 amplitude is heritable. The goal of the present study was to determine if patterns of transmission differed in families who were either at high or low risk for developing alcohol dependence, Methods: Auditory P300 was recorded from 536 individuals spanning three generations. The path analytic TAU model was used to investigate the familial transmission of P300 amplitude in the two independent samples of families. Results: Transmission of P300 in high-risk families most likely followed a polygenic model of inheritance with significant parent-to-offspring transmission. Parent-to-offspring transmission was significantly greater in high-risk than low-risk families. Total phenotypic variance due to transmissible factors was greater in low-risk families than in high-risk families, however. A somewhat unexpected finding was the substantial correlation between mates for P300 amplitude in both high- and low-risk families. Conclusions: P300 is transmissible in families. Differences exist in the pattern of transmission for P300 in families at high and low risk for alcoholism. Biol Psychiatry 1999;45:346-359 (C) 1999 Society of Biological Psychiatry. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Med Ctr, Alcoholism & Genet Res Program, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Hill, SY (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Med Ctr, Alcoholism & Genet Res Program, 3811 Ohara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03655]; NIAAA NIH HHS [AA05909, AA08082] NR 77 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 45 IS 3 BP 346 EP 359 DI 10.1016/S0006-3223(97)00525-8 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 165JZ UT WOS:000078518800017 PM 10023513 ER PT J AU King, KD Anderson, GP Bullock, KE Regina, MJ Saaski, EW Ligler, FS AF King, KD Anderson, GP Bullock, KE Regina, MJ Saaski, EW Ligler, FS TI Detecting staphylococcal enterotoxin B using an automated fiber optic biosensor SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE fiber optic biosensor; immunoassay; SEB; polystyrene ID IMMOBILIZATION AB The Man-portable Analyte identification System (MANTIS), the first fully automated, self-contained, portable fiber optic biosensor, was utilized for the detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB), a bacterial toxin produced by Staphylococcus nul-eus that commonly causes food poisoning. Because of its remarkable toxicity and stability, SEE is considered a prime threat as a biological weapon of mass destruction. The assay for SEE was used to evaluate the MANTIS' ability to function in the presence of various environmental interferents. The sensor could reliably detect SEE spiked into liquid samples containing a variety of smoke particles. However, substantial interference occurred when SEE was mixed into matrices capable of adsorbing SEE, such as 1% solutions of clay, topsoil, or pollen. Of equal importance, none of the interferents produced false positives in the MANTIS. The MANTIS demonstrated the capability to perform simultaneous immunoassays rapidly in the field with little or no user intervention. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geoctr Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Res Int, Woodinville, WA 98072 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 13 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 14 IS 2 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(98)00108-0 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 168UA UT WOS:000078710000006 PM 10101838 ER PT J AU Das, G Vohra, H Saha, B Agrewala, JN Mishra, GC AF Das, G Vohra, H Saha, B Agrewala, JN Mishra, GC TI Apoptosis of Th1-like cells in experimental tuberculosis (TB) SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; tuberculosis; Th1 cells; Fas; Bcl-2 ID INTERFERON-GAMMA; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; INTERLEUKIN-2; CYTOKINES AB Th1 cell-induced anti-mycobacterial immunity is lost during a progressive Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a susceptible host. This study was designed to test the mechanism of the loss of antimycobacterial cell-mediated immune response. We demonstrate that M. tuberculosis infection results in increased Fas expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression in CD4(+) T cells. When CD4(+) T cells are stimulated in vitro, they show increased apoptosis and decreased production of IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) but not of IL-4. These changes may result in selective apoptosis of Th1-like cells, leading to the loss of cell-mediated immune response against M. tuberculosis. C1 Natl Ctr Cell Sci, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Chandigarh, India. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Inst Microbial Technol, Chandigarh, India. RP Mishra, GC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Cell Sci, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 115 IS 2 BP 324 EP 328 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00755.x PG 5 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 202DH UT WOS:000080636500015 PM 9933460 ER PT J AU Sakalaukus, PJ Fox, DN Perkins, AL Smedstad, LF AF Sakalaukus, PJ Fox, DN Perkins, AL Smedstad, LF TI An interactive HTML ocean nowcast GUI based on Perl and JavaScript SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE portability; Web-based; interactive; Perl; JavaScript AB We describe the use of Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)I JavaScript code, and Perl I/O to create and validate forms in an Internet-based graphical user interface (GUI) for the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Ocean models and Assimilation Demonstration System (NOMADS). The resulting nowcast system can be operated from any compatible browser across the Internet, for although the GUI was prepared in a Netscape browser, it used no Netscape extensions. Code available at: http://www.iamg.org/CGEditor/index.htm (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sakalaukus, PJ (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Bldg 1103, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 25 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1016/S0098-3004(98)00108-3 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 180TK UT WOS:000079401100009 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Shay, LK Haus, BK Handler, RA Graber, HC Horne, MP AF Marmorino, GO Shay, LK Haus, BK Handler, RA Graber, HC Horne, MP TI An EOF analysis of HF Doppler radar current measurements of the Chesapeake Bay buoyant outflow SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ESTUARINE PLUMES; SURFACE CURRENTS; WIND; VARIABILITY; EXCHANGE AB Surface currents measured by HF Doppler radar as part of a study of the Chesapeake Bay outflow plume are examined using a 'real-vector' empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis (Kaihatu et al., 1998). Based on about 23 days of nearly continuous data, the analysis shows that the first three EOF modes, judged to be the only significant modes, account for 76% of the variance in the data set. The buoyant outflow occurs primarily in the mean flow field. The first EOF mode is dominated by wind forcing and the second mode by across-shelf semi-diurnal tidal forcing. The third mode exhibits a large-scale horizontal shear and contains a curved region of weak relative flow which appears to delineate the offshore edge of the plume; also, the third-mode response varies over the spring-neap cycle, suggesting a modulation of the outflow plume by a tidal residual eddy. The analysis therefore has provided a useful, exploratory examination of this dataset of surface currents. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7250, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marmorino@nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 19 IS 2 BP 271 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(98)00078-8 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 167NM UT WOS:000078640000006 ER PT J AU Ross, EV Mowlavi, A Barnette, D Glatter, RD Grevelink, JM AF Ross, EV Mowlavi, A Barnette, D Glatter, RD Grevelink, JM TI The effect of wiping on skin resurfacing in a pig model using a high energy pulsed CO2 laser system SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE LASER; CO2-LASER TISSUE ABLATION; RESIDUAL THERMAL-DAMAGE; CPG SCANNER; HISTOLOGY; INCISIONS; DURATION AB BACKGROUND. The impact of wiping in laser skin resurfacing has not been systematically studied. METHODS. We examined the effects of wiping during single- and multiple-pass high energy pulsed CO2 laser skin resurfacing in a farm pig. Consequences of wiping were evaluated with regard to depth of residual thermal damage, tissue necrosis, and fibroplasia. Also, the impact of wiping on gross wound healing was observed. Wounds were followed for 21 days and biopsies were obtained on postoperative days 0, 1, and 21. RESULTS. Immediate postoperative biopsies of single-pass wounds showed equivalent residual thermal damage regardless of wiping; in contrast, biopsies from multiple-pass sites without wiping showed more extensive and variable residual thermal damage than wiped sites. On postoperative day one, single pass sites without wiping were grossly less erythematous than wiped sites, and biopsies showed less extensive necrosis and inflammation, In contrast, multiple pass sites without wiping were grossly more erythematous than corresponding wiped sites, and biopsies revealed significantly increased and variable necrosis. After 21 days, multiple pass sites without wiping were grossly more erythematous and showed a thicker band of fibroplasia microscopy. CONCLUSIONS. For single pass wounds, not wiping decreased the level of wounding. In contrast, not wiping in multiple pass wounds significantly increased the depth and variability of residual thermal damage and necrosis, resulting in prolonged healing. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol,Dermatol Laser Ctr, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, Code AVA,34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 25 IS 2 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08168.x PG 8 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 165PW UT WOS:000078531100001 PM 10037508 ER PT J AU McKinlay, JR Graham, BS Ross, EV AF McKinlay, JR Graham, BS Ross, EV TI The clinical superiority of continuous exposure versus short-pulsed carbon dioxide laser exposures for the treatment of pearly penile papules SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DAMAGE; CO2-LASER IRRADIATION; TISSUE ABLATION; DURATION; SKIN AB Treatment of pearly penile papules was performed both with a conventional continuous-wave (CW) and a newer generation high energy pulsed carbon dioxide laser. When compared to the short pulsed laser, the CW laser, using relatively low power densities, provided superior hemostasis and improved visualization of the operative field. Despite the increase in thermal injury, wound healing was not compromised. The results of this case report support the CO2 laser in CW mode as the infrared laser treatment of choice for exophytic lesions with increased vascularity. C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP McKinlay, JR (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 25 IS 2 BP 124 EP 126 DI 10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08075.x PG 3 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 165PW UT WOS:000078531100012 PM 10037518 ER PT J AU Paik, C Michael, WB AF Paik, C Michael, WB TI A construct validity investigation of scores on a Japanese version of an academic self-concept scale for secondary school students SO EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article ID PORTUGUESE VERSION; VALIDATION; RELIABILITY; SAMPLE; FORM; FIT AB For a sample of 354 students taken from two highly similar college preparatory, girls-only Catholic high schools in Japan, the twofold purpose of this study was to obtain evidence of the internal consistency reliability and construct validity of scores on each of five dimensions of a Japanese version of an academic self-concept measure titled Dimensions of Self-Concept (DOSC), Form S, Japanese version. Internal consistency estimates of reliability of scores on the five 14-item subscales varied between .71 and .84, with a median value of .77. From each of the five factor subscales, three subtests each comprising four or five items were formed, scored, and intercorrelated (15 subtests in all). Confirmatory maximum-likelihood factor analyses for several alternative factor models indicated that alive-factor oblique model accounted for the greatest proportion of covariance in the matrix of 15 subtests. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Paik, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0013-1644 J9 EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS JI Educ. Psychol. Meas. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 59 IS 1 BP 98 EP 110 DI 10.1177/0013164499591007 PG 13 WC Psychology, Educational; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Psychology, Mathematical SC Psychology; Mathematics GA 160GR UT WOS:000078222500007 ER PT J AU Chute, JP Saini, AA Kampen, RL Wells, MR Davis, TA AF Chute, JP Saini, AA Kampen, RL Wells, MR Davis, TA TI A comparative study of the cell cycle status and primitive cell adhesion molecule profile of human CD34(+) cells cultured in stroma-free versus porcine microvascular endothelial cell cultures SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PMVEC; cell cycle; cell adhesion molecule; CD34(+)38(-) cell; endothelial ID HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS; MURINE MARROW-CELLS; EX-VIVO EXPANSION; BONE-MARROW; PROGENITOR CELLS; IN-VITRO; MYELOID PROGENITORS; E-SELECTIN; BINDING AB Porcine microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) plus cytokines support a rapid proliferation and expansion of human CD34(+)CD38(-) cells that are capable of multilineage engraftment within the bone marrow of a secondary host. CD34(+)CD38(-) cells contain the self-renewing, long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC) that are ideal targets for retroviral gene transfer experiments. Previous experiments attempting retroviral infection of CD34(+)CD38(-) cells have failed partly because these cells do not enter cell cycle in response to cytokine combinations. In this study, we determined the cell cycle status and the cell adhesion molecule profile on purified CD34(+) cells and the CD34(+)CD38(-) subset before and after ex vivo expansion on PMVECs. Purified human CD34(+) cells were cocultured with PMVECs for 7 days in the presence of optimal concentrations of granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) + interleukin (IL)-3 + IL-6 + stem cell factor (SCF) + Flt-3 ligand. The total CD34(+) population and the CD34(+)CD38(-) subset increased 8.4- and 67-fold, respectively, with absolute increases in the number of colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) (28.2-fold), CFU-Mix (8.7 fold), and burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) (4.0-fold) progenitor cells. After 7 days of coculture with PMVECs, 44% of the CD34(+)CD38(+) subset were found to be in G(1), and 51% were in G(2)/S/M phase of the cell cycle. More remarkably, 53% of the CD34(+)CD38(-) subset were in G(1), and 17% were in G(2)/S/M phase after 7 days of PMVEC coculture. In contrast, only 22% of the CD34(+)CD38(-) subset remaining after 7 days of stroma-free culture were in G(1), and 6% were in G(2)/S/M phase. Despite the high level of cellular activation and proliferation induced by PMVEC coculture, the surface expression of adhesion molecules CD11a (LFA-1), CD11b, CD15s (sialyl-Lewis x), CD43, and CD44 (HCAM) on the total CD34+ population was maintained, and the surface expression of CD49d (VLA-4), CD54 (ICAM), CD58, and CD62L (L selectin) increased after ex vivo expansion. In contrast, CD34(+) cells expanded on stroma-free cultures showed lower and more variable expression of CD62L and CD15s. These findings demonstrate that the primitive CD34(+)CD38(-) subset of marrow progenitor cells can be induced to enter cell cycle and can be significantly expanded ex vivo on a hematopoietic supportive microenvironment (PMVECs) while preserving the expression of cell adhesion molecules that may be important in stem cell homing and engraftment. (C) 1999 International Society for Experimental Hematology. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Stem Cell Biol Branch, Immune Cell Biol Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Chute, JP (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, Stem Cell Biol Branch, Immune Cell Biol Program, Bldg 17,Room 228,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 45 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 27 IS 2 BP 370 EP 379 DI 10.1016/S0301-472X(98)00004-6 PG 10 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 166GF UT WOS:000078567300022 PM 10029177 ER PT J AU Loyevsky, M Sacci, JB Boehme, P Weglicki, W John, C Gordeuk, VR AF Loyevsky, M Sacci, JB Boehme, P Weglicki, W John, C Gordeuk, VR TI Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii: Effect of the iron chelation prodrug dexrazoxane on in vitro cultures SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; P-falciparum; P-yoelii; iron chelation; dexrazoxane (ICRF-187) ID AGENT ICRF-187 (+)-1,2-BIS(3,5-DIOXOPIPERAZINYL-1-YL)PROPANE; HYDROLYSIS-ACTIVATION; ANTIMALARIAL ACTION; MALARIA PARASITES; ADRIAMYCIN; ERYTHROCYTES; COMPLEXES; PRODUCTS; CU(II); CELLS AB To determine if an iron-chelating prodrug that must undergo intracellular hydrolysis to bind iron has antimalarial activity, we examined the action of dexrazoxane on Plasmodium falciparum cultured in human erythrocytes and P yoelii cultured in mouse hepatocytes. Dexrazoxane was recently approved to protect humans from doxorubucin-induced cardiotoxicity. Using the fluorescent marker calcein, we confirmed that the iron-chelating properties of dexrazoxane are directly related to its ability to undergo hydrolysis. As a single agent, dexrazoxane inhibited synchronized cultures of P. falciparum in human erythrocytes only at suprapharmacologic concentrations (>200 mu M). In combination with desferrioxamine B, dexrazoxane in pharmacologic concentrations (100-200 mu M) moderately potentiated inhibition by approximately 20%. In contrast, pharmacologic concentrations of dexrazoxane (50-200 mu M) as a single agent inhibited the progression of P. yoelii from sporozoites to schizonts in cultured mouse hepatocytes by 45 to 69% (P < 0.001). These results are consistent with the presence of a dexrazoxane-hydrolyzing enzyme in hepatocytes but not in erythrocytes or malaria parasites. Furthermore, these findings suggest that dexrazoxane must be hydrolyzed to an iron-chelating intermediate before it can inhibit the malaria parasite, and they raise the possibility that the iron chelator prodrug concept might be exploited to synthesize new antimalarial agents. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20037 USA. USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Inst, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Loyevsky, M (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, 2150 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. FU FDA HHS [FD-R-000975]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL-36418]; NIAID NIH HHS [U01-AI-35827-01] NR 30 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 91 IS 2 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1006/expr.1998.4371 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 163PH UT WOS:000078413600001 PM 9990337 ER PT J AU Pawley, CJ Sethian, JD Bodner, SE Gerber, KA Lehmberg, RH McLean, EA Mostovych, AN Obenschain, SP Serlin, V Stamper, JA Colombant, D Dahlburg, JP Schmitt, AJ Gardner, JH Aglitskiy, Y Chan, Y Deniz, AV Lehecka, T Brown, J Seely, J Klapisch, M AF Pawley, CJ Sethian, JD Bodner, SE Gerber, KA Lehmberg, RH McLean, EA Mostovych, AN Obenschain, SP Serlin, V Stamper, JA Colombant, D Dahlburg, JP Schmitt, AJ Gardner, JH Aglitskiy, Y Chan, Y Deniz, AV Lehecka, T Brown, J Seely, J Klapisch, M TI Direct drive acceleration of planar targets with the Nike KrF laser SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Drivers and Ignition Facilities for Inertial Fusion CY FEB 10-MAR 14, 1997 CL OSAKA UNIV, OSAKA, JAPAN SP IAEA HO OSAKA UNIV DE direct drive; Nike laser; planar targets AB Nike is a multi-kilojoule KrF laser with very high beam uniformity (Delta I/I < 0.2% with all 36 overlapped beams), and the capability to accelerate relatively thick targets on a low adiabat under conditions scalable to direct drive ICF. In a first set of experiments we determined the effect of the imprinting by varying the uniformity of the foot of the laser pulse and measuring the growth of the subsequent Rayleigh-Taylor instability. We found that the lower the imprint, the longer the mass modulations take to reach a given level. This is in quantitative agreement with our 2-D hydrodynamics simulations. The results are promising for direct drive with a very uniform laser. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Pawley, CJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 44 BP 171 EP 174 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00359-7 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 170EM UT WOS:000078793400032 ER PT J AU Sethian, JD Obenschain, SP Lehmberg, RH McGeoch, MW AF Sethian, JD Obenschain, SP Lehmberg, RH McGeoch, MW TI A rep rate KrF system to address issues relevant to inertial fusion energy SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Drivers and Ignition Facilities for Inertial Fusion CY FEB 10-MAR 14, 1997 CL OSAKA UNIV, OSAKA, JAPAN SP IAEA HO OSAKA UNIV DE KrF laser facility; inertial fusion energy; direct drive ID LASER FUSION; DENSITY AB We present a conceptual design for a rep-rate krypton-fluoride (KrF) laser facility that will allow us to develop the technologies required for an inertial fusion energy (IFE) driver. Most of these have been partially developed elsewhere, but they have not been combined in a single integrated test. The facility we are evaluating would be modest in size (about 400 J laser output) and would run at 5 Hz. If this facility was built it would significantly improve our ability to assess the potential of direct drive KrF. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. PLEX Corp, Brookline, MA USA. RP Sethian, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 44 BP 371 EP 375 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00360-3 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 170EM UT WOS:000078793400068 ER PT J AU Ishii, KJ Weiss, WR Ichino, M Verthelyi, D Klinman, DM AF Ishii, KJ Weiss, WR Ichino, M Verthelyi, D Klinman, DM TI Activity and safety of DNA plasmids encoding IL-4 and IFN gamma SO GENE THERAPY LA English DT Article DE plasmid DNA; DNA vaccine; cytokines; gene therapy ID IMMUNE-RESPONSES; COSTIMULATORY MOLECULES; PLASMODIUM-YOELII; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IMMUNIZATION; VACCINES; PROTECTION; CYTOKINES; COINOCULATION; TUBERCULOSIS AB Cytokine-encoding DNA plasmids can act as 'genetic adjuvants: improving the immune response stimulated by co-administered DNA vaccines. We examined whether plasmids encoding the Th1 cytokine IFN gamma (pIFN gamma) or the Th2 cytokine IL-4 (pIL-4) have long-term effects on immune homeostasis when administered to adult mice, or alter immune maturation in neonates. Both plasmids boosted immunity against a co-administered vaccine, with pIFN gamma promoting the development of a Th1 response (characterized by the production of IgG2a antibodies), and pIL-4 preferentially stimulating a Th2 response (characterized by increased IgG1 antibody production). Both pIFN gamma and pIL-4 influenced the ratio of cells actively secreting Th1 versus Th2 cytokines, consistent with an effect on Th cell maturation. Interestingly, this effect persisted for only a few weeks and was not magnified by repeated plasmid administration. Cytokine-encoding plasmids had no long-term effect on the immune response of newborn or adult mice to subsequent antigenic stimulation, nor did they selectively induce the production of pathogenic anti-DNA autoantibodies. These results suggest cytokine-encoding plasmids may be safe as immune adjuvants. C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Viral Prod, Retroviral Immunol Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Malaria Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Klinman, DM (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Viral Prod, Retroviral Immunol Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Ishii, Ken/B-1685-2012 OI Ishii, Ken/0000-0002-6728-3872 NR 33 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0969-7128 J9 GENE THER JI Gene Ther. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 6 IS 2 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1038/sj.gt.3300799 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 167QQ UT WOS:000078645100012 PM 10435108 ER PT J AU Jing, JP Lai, ZW Aston, C Lin, JY Carucci, DJ Gardner, MJ Mishra, B Anantharaman, TS Tettelin, H Cummings, LM Hoffman, SL Venter, JC Schwartz, DC AF Jing, JP Lai, ZW Aston, C Lin, JY Carucci, DJ Gardner, MJ Mishra, B Anantharaman, TS Tettelin, H Cummings, LM Hoffman, SL Venter, JC Schwartz, DC TI Optical mapping of Plasmodium falciparum chromosome 2 SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ORDERED RESTRICTION MAPS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MALARIA PARASITES; GENOME PROJECT; DNA AB Detailed restriction maps of microbial genomes are a valuable resource in genome sequencing studies but are toilsome to construct by contig construction of maps derived from cloned DNA. Analysis of genomic DNA enables large stretches of the genome to be mapped and circumvents library construction and associated cloning artifacts. We used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis purified Plasmodium falciparum chromosome 2 DNA as the starting material for optical mapping, a system for making ordered restriction maps from ensembles of individual DNA molecules. DNA molecules were bound to derivatized glass surfaces, cleaved with NheI or BamHI, and imaged by digital Fluorescence microscopy. Large pieces of the chromosome containing ordered DNA restriction fragments were mapped. Maps were assembled from 50 molecules producing an average contig depth of 15 molecules and high-resolution restriction maps covering the entire chromosome. Chromosome 2 was found to be 976 kb by optical mapping with Nhel, and 946 kb with BamHI, which compares closely to the published size of 947 kb from large-scale sequencing. The maps were used to further verify assemblies from the plasmid library used for sequencing. Maps generated in silico from the sequence data were compared to the optical mapping data, and good correspondence was found. Such high-resolution restriction maps may become an indispensable resource for large-scale genome sequencing projects. C1 NYU, Dept Chem, WM Keck Lab Biomol Imaging, New York, NY 10003 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Malaria Program, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP Schwartz, DC (reprint author), NYU, Dept Chem, WM Keck Lab Biomol Imaging, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 9 IS 2 BP 175 EP 181 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 169VU UT WOS:000078770400009 PM 10022982 ER PT J AU Steele, HM Drdla, K Turco, RP Lumpe, JD Bevilacqua, RM AF Steele, HM Drdla, K Turco, RP Lumpe, JD Bevilacqua, RM TI Tracking polar stratospheric cloud development with POAM II and a microphysical model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SULFATE AEROSOLS; AIRBORNE LIDAR; LIQUID; GROWTH; OZONE AB The formation and development of polar stratospheric clouds are examined using a comprehensive microphysical model applied along air parcel trajectories. During Antarctic winter specific parcels are sampled over a time span of several days using extinction data from the POAM II satellite instrument. The observed evolution of polar stratospheric cloud spectral opacity is compared to predictions from model simulations. Hence, aerosol growth and decay in response to changing environmental conditions can be observed and interpreted. In some instances good agreement between observations and predictions has been obtained over periods of many days. The analysis provides evidence for the role of temperature history in cloud formation and properties, in agreement with previous studies. On occasion, the apparent behavior of a PSC along a trajectory is inconsistent with current theoretical concepts. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Atmospher Phys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22301 USA. RP Steele, HM (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 3 BP 287 EP 290 DI 10.1029/1998GL900324 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 163YK UT WOS:000078434300002 ER PT J AU Chang, CP Lin, SC Liou, CS Liu, WT AF Chang, CP Lin, SC Liou, CS Liu, WT TI An experiment using NSCAT winds in the numerical prediction of tropical mesoscale rainfall systems under the influence of terrain SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEASAT SCATTEROMETER WINDS; IMPACT; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION AB The rich mesoscale information in NSCAT winds over tropical coastal regions is used in numerical simulations of two June 1997 monsoonal cases occurring over Taiwan. It is shown that transient NSCAT mesoscale information over a localized area as small as 120 km x 240 km can result in significant improvement in the 24 h heavy rainfall forecast due to its effect on monsoonal convection and terrain effects. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chang, CP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code MR CP, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cpchang@nps.navy.mil; sclin@cc.ncu.edu.tw; liou@nrlmry.nav.mil; liu@pacific.jpl.nasa.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 3 BP 311 EP 314 DI 10.1029/1998GL900299 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 163YK UT WOS:000078434300008 ER PT J AU Hsu, E Bei, M Slack, R Hartzman, RJ Ng, J Hurley, CK AF Hsu, E Bei, M Slack, R Hartzman, RJ Ng, J Hurley, CK TI HLA-A*28 allele frequencies in the five major US ethnic groups SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HLA-A*28; SSOP typing; subtyping; allele frequency ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HLA-A; MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; HAPLOTYPE FREQUENCIES; DNA; REGISTRY; DONORS; POPULATION; ANTIGEN; PROBES AB The frequency of each A*28 allele was determined by PCR-SSOP typing in 5 major U.S. ethnic populations: Caucasians, African Americans, Asians/Pacific Islanders, Hispanics, and Native Americans. The percent of serologically defined A28-positive individuals in the 5 populations ranged from 2.7-17.9%. Fifty-nine individuals who were previously serologically typed as A28, A68 or A69 were randomly chosen for allele-level typing from each ethnic group from a database of 82,979 consecutively typed unrelated individuals. The most common A*28 allele for Caucasians, Asians/Pacific Islanders, Hispanics, and Native Americans was A*68012, while A*6802 was found in the majority of African Americans. Only four and three A*28 alleles were seen in Caucasians and African Americans, respectively, while five to six A*28 alleles were seen in the other population groups. The A*6804 and A*6806 alleles were not observed in any of the five ethnic groups. Human Immunology 60, 159-167 (1999). (C) American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, 1999. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P30-CA-51008] NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 60 IS 2 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1016/S0198-8859(98)00105-0 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 164XN UT WOS:000078489000007 PM 10027784 ER PT J AU Hallberg, E Kaminer, I Pascoal, A AF Hallberg, E Kaminer, I Pascoal, A TI Development of a flight test system for unmanned air vehicles SO IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The past two decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) by the armed forces, both in the US and abroad. More recently, many researchers in the academic community have realized the usefulness of UAVs both as teaching and research tools. To develop UAVs and their flight control systems, a number of engineering problems must be addressed covering a wide range of issues that include weight and energy restrictions, portability, risk factors, electronic interferences, vibrations and manpower. Furthermore, the testing of new algorithms, sensor packages, and vehicles is a truly multidisciplinary effort that borrows from many branches of the engineering sciences that include aeronautic, electrical, and computer engineering. The process is costly and time consuming, and has the potential for catastrophic failure. When successfully completed, however, it provides developmental information, insight, and field data that cannot be obtained from other sources-thus the importance to develop systems to enable rapid flight testing of new theoretical/practical concepts. Motivated by these considerations, and as a contribution towards the development of a versatile set-up for advanced UAV system design and testing, the Naval Postgraduate School has recently completed development of a rapid flight test prototyping system (RFTPS) for a prototype UAV named Frog. This paper describes the complete RFTPS system that uses the Frog UAV and a portable ground station, and explains how it is being used as a rapid proof-of-concept tool for testing new guidance, navigation, and control algorithms for air vehicles. The paper starts with a general discussion of thr Rapid Flight Test Prototyping System (RFTPS) including the main motivation behind its development as well as the system capabilities, cost and safety requirements, and hardware description. The second part focuses on the modeling of the Frog UAV and describes briefly a novel integrated guidance and control system for precise trajectory tracking that was introduced in [1]. Finally, it is shown how the RFTPS was used to develop and flight test the integrated guidance and control system. The full capabilities of the RFTPS are demonstrated when the new algorithm is taken from theoretical development to flight test on the UAV Fmg operated by thr UAV Lab at the Naval Postgraduate School. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Syst & Robot, Inst Super Tecn, Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Tecn Lisboa, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Super Tecn, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Hallberg, E (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI PASCOAL, ANTONIO /0000-0002-0657-6671 NR 8 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1066-033X J9 IEEE CONTR SYST MAG JI IEEE Control Syst. Mag. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1109/37.745769 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 174QH UT WOS:000079045700006 ER PT J AU Meger, RA Gregor, JA Fernsler, RF Manheimer, WM Mathew, J Murphy, DP Myers, MC Pechacek, RE AF Meger, RA Gregor, JA Fernsler, RF Manheimer, WM Mathew, J Murphy, DP Myers, MC Pechacek, RE TI Optical emissions from a planar plasma discharge SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glow discharges; optical spectroscopy; plasma devices ID LARGE-AREA; BEAMS AB A planar sheet of plasma is generated by propagating a kilovolt beam of electrons produced by a hollow cathode along a magnetic field, The optical emissions from the plasma illustrate the different regions of a glow discharge. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Meger, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 BP 90 EP 91 DI 10.1109/27.763057 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 197MX UT WOS:000080369700044 ER PT J AU Freund, HP Jackson, RH Danly, BG Levush, B AF Freund, HP Jackson, RH Danly, BG Levush, B TI Designs for W-band free-electron masers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LASER-AMPLIFIER; NRL UBITRON; HIGH-POWER; WIGGLER; FIELD; PERFORMANCE AB Theoretical analyses of high power W-band (i.e., approximate to 94 GHz) free-electron maser amplifiers are presented for a helical wiggler/cylindrical waveguide configuration using the three-dimensional slow-time-scale ARACHNE simulation code [9]. The geometry treated by ARACHNE is that of an electron beam propagating through the cylindrical waveguide subject to a helical wiggler and an axial guide magnetic field. Two configurations are discussed. The first is the case of a reversed-guide field geometry where the guide field is oriented antiparallel to the helicity of the wiggler field. Using a 330 kV/20 A electron beam, efficiencies of the order of 7% are calculated with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) bandwidth of 5 GHz. The second example employs a strong guide field of 20 kG oriented parallel to the helicity of the wiggler. Here, efficiencies of greater than 8% are possible with a FWHM bandwidth of 4.5 GHz using a 300 kV/20 A electron beam. A normalized emittance of 95 mm mrad is assumed in both cases, and no beam losses are observed for either case. Both cases assume interaction with the fundamental TE11 mode, which has acceptably low losses in the W band. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Freund, HP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 BP 243 EP 253 DI 10.1109/27.763127 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 197MX UT WOS:000080369700085 ER PT J AU Roth, K Kortus, J Herms, M Porezag, D Pederson, MR AF Roth, K Kortus, J Herms, M Porezag, D Pederson, MR TI Partial pressure of phosphorus and arsenic vapor measured by Raman scattering SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials CY MAY 11-15, 1998 CL UNIV TSUKUBA, UNIV HALL TSUKUBA, IBARAKI, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Optics Soc, IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, Inst Electr Informat & Commun Engineers, Optoelectr Ind & Technol Dev Assoc, Res & Dev Assoc Future Electron Devices, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Marubun Res Promot Fdn, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Aixtron AG, Epichem, Epitaxial Prod Int Ltd HO UNIV TSUKUBA, UNIV HALL TSUKUBA DE partial pressure; vapor; Raman scattering; crystal growth; annealing ID GAAS; INP; MOLECULES; DIFFUSION; SURFACES; AS4; SE AB In-situ Raman scattering results on vapor of phosphorus and arsenic at temperatures up to 1400 K are presented. The ratio of the Raman intensities of different species in the gas is proportional to the ratio of the corresponding partial pressures. The results of this new method for measuring partial pressures will be compared with thermodynamical calculations. The presented method allows the on line monitoring of the vapor atmosphere during crystal growth or annealing processes, which may be important for optimizing growth conditions, doping by the gas phase or quality optimizing of wafers. C1 Univ Min & Technol, Inst Phys Expt, D-09596 Freiberg, Germany. Univ Min & Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, D-09596 Freiberg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roth, K (reprint author), Univ Min & Technol, Inst Phys Expt, D-09596 Freiberg, Germany. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 38 IS 2B BP 989 EP 991 DI 10.1143/JJAP.38.989 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 186YM UT WOS:000079758900007 ER PT J AU Baboo, KS Luo, NP Murphy, JR Cummings, C Chintu, C Ustianowski, A DuPont, HL Kelinowski, M Mathewson, JJ Zumla, A AF Baboo, KS Luo, NP Murphy, JR Cummings, C Chintu, C Ustianowski, A DuPont, HL Kelinowski, M Mathewson, JJ Zumla, A TI HIV-1 seroprevalence in Zambian patients with acute diarrhea: A community-based study SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE diarrhea; Zambia; adults; children; community; HIV-1 ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTION; CHILDREN; PARASITES; INFANTS; DISEASE; TYPE-1 AB The seroprevalence of HIV-I in sub-Saharan African patients with diarrhea in the community remains largely unknown. We present the findings of a 2-month that we undertook to ascertain the seroprevalence of HIV-1 in Zambian patients presenting with acute diarrhea in a community-based health center. A total of 256 patients with diarrhea and 140 apparently healthy controls was seen. Of the patients with diarrhea, 161 were <16 years old and 95 were adults. Most children with diarrhea. were <6 years old (147 of 161; 91%). Overall, 81 of 256 (32%) patients with diarrhea were HIV-1-seropositive. When results from children <18 months old and possibly having maternal anti-HIV-1 antibodies were excluded, 64 of 172 (37%) patients with diarrhea were HIV-seropositive. Rates of HIV-I seropositivity for patients with diarrhea were significantly higher than were rates for diarrhea-free controls (p < .001 for both the total population; odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42 < 2.48 population >18 months old (OR, 95% CII 1.54 < 2.90 < 5.49). Among children between 18 months and 5 years old, 14 fo 63 (22%) were HIV-1-seropositive compared with 8 of 62 (13%) without diarrhea (P > .05, not significant). Moreover, 49 of 95 (52%) adults with acute diarrhea were HIV-1-seropositive compared with 10 of 44 (23%) healthy adult controls (p < .003; OR, 95% CI, 1.51 < 3.62 < 8.87). No significant differences were found in HIV-1 seroprevalence rates between males and females in all age groups. These data show a close association between acute diarrhea and HIV seropositivity in Zambian adults in the community. C1 UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Ctr Infect Dis, Dept Med, London W1P 6DB, England. Univ Lusaka, Teaching Hosp, Dept Community Med, Lusaka, Zambia. Univ Lusaka, Teaching Hosp, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Lusaka, Zambia. Univ Lusaka, Teaching Hosp, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Diarrheal Dis Sect, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Enter Pathogens Program, Cairo, Egypt. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. RP Zumla, A (reprint author), UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Ctr Infect Dis, Dept Med, Windeyer Bldg,Room G41,46 Cleveland St, London W1P 6DB, England. EM a.zumla@ucl.ac.uk OI Zumla, Alimuddin/0000-0002-5111-5735 FU PHS HHS [R0 A1 31356] NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 20 IS 2 BP 160 EP 163 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 163ET UT WOS:000078390800008 PM 10048903 ER PT J AU Kelso, JM AF Kelso, JM TI The gelatin story SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMMEDIATE-TYPE; MEASLES; VACCINE; ANAPHYLAXIS; CHILDREN; RUBELLA; MUMPS; IGE C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Allergy, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Kelso, JM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 19 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 103 IS 2 BP 200 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70490-2 PN 1 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 167JW UT WOS:000078630100003 PM 9949308 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Zhou, BB Burk, SD Barker, EH AF Xu, Q Zhou, BB Burk, SD Barker, EH TI An air-soil layer coupled scheme for computing surface heat fluxes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BALANCE SYSTEMS; STANDARD-DEVIATION; ENERGY-BALANCE; WHEAT CANOPY; TEMPERATURE; VEGETATION; MOMENTUM; MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION; ROUGHNESS AB An air-soil layer coupled scheme is developed to compute surface fluxes of sensible heat and latent heat from data collected at the Oklahoma Atmospheric Radiation Measurement-Cloud and Radiation Testbed (ARM-CART) stations. This new scheme extends the previous variational method of Xu and Qiu in two aspects: 1) it uses observed standard deviations of wind and temperature together with their similarity laws to estimate the effective roughness length, so the computed fluxes are nonlocal; that is, they contain the contributions of large eddy motions over a nonlocal area of O(100 km(2)); and 2) it couples the atmospheric layer with the soil-vegetation layer and uses soil data together with the atmospheric measurements (even at a single level), so the computed fluxes are much less sensitive to measurement errors than those computed by the previous variational method. Surface skin temperature and effective roughness length are also retrieved as by-products by the new method. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Dr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 38 IS 2 BP 211 EP 223 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0211:AASLCS>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 166AH UT WOS:000078553700005 ER PT J AU Clinton, TW Johnson, M AF Clinton, TW Johnson, M TI Nonvolatile switchable Josephson junctions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING WEAK LINKS; THIN-FILMS AB In a simple bilayer geometry, a thin, microstructured ferromagnetic film spans a superconducting strip. Locally strong magnetic fringe fields at the edge of the ferromagnet quench the superconductivity, creating a weak link. The strength of the weak link can be varied between on and off by controlling the orientation of the in-plane magnetization of the ferromagnet. The observation of Shapiro steps demonstrates the ac Josephson effect in the "quenched'' state. In this switchable Josephson junction, energy is required only to change states, which are thereafter maintained in thermodynamic equilibrium. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)08703-4]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clinton, TW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM clinton@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 85 IS 3 BP 1637 EP 1643 DI 10.1063/1.369298 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 158VB UT WOS:000078137100051 ER PT J AU Colla, EV Furman, EL Gupta, SM Yushin, NK Viehland, D AF Colla, EV Furman, EL Gupta, SM Yushin, NK Viehland, D TI Dependence of dielectric relaxation on ac drive in [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3]((1-x))-(PbTiO3)(x) single crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS; NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR; MAGNESIUM NIOBATE; DOMAIN BREAKDOWN; PBMG1/3NB2/3O3 AB Dielectric measurements under different ac drive voltages were performed on single crystals of (PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3)((1-x))(PbTiO3)(x) [(PMN)((1-x))(PT)(x)] for 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.3. A significant increase in permittivity was observed with increasing ac drive for all compositions. The magnitude of increase depended on temperature and measurement frequency. Alternating current drive effects were found to be a low frequency phenomenon, primarily below 10(6) Hz. Three distinct ac-drive amplitude ranges are believed to exist in which various types of contributions dominate in the dielectric relaxation: (i) a glassy mechanism is dominant at low drives and gives rise to the typical relaxor ferroelectric characteristics in the linear dielectric response, (ii) a kink or boundary vibration type which is dominant at intermediate drives and gives rise to the nonlinearities in the dielectric response of relaxors under moderate ac drives, and (iii) a domain wall motion type which is dominant at higher drives and results in polarization reversal. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)02603-1]. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Transduct Res & Dev Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Sterling Semicond Inc, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. RP Colla, EV (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 85 IS 3 BP 1693 EP 1697 DI 10.1063/1.369308 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 158VB UT WOS:000078137100061 ER PT J AU Kapur, R Calvert, JM Rudolph, AS AF Kapur, R Calvert, JM Rudolph, AS TI Electrical, chemical, and topological addressing of mammalian cells with microfabricated systems SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID MICROMACHINED SUBSTRATA; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; CHARGED SURFACES; OUTGROWTH; ADHESION; INVITRO; GROWTH; DIFFERENTIATION; HEPATOCYTES; ORIENTATION AB This communication describes our work in electrical, topological, and chemical micromodification of surfaces to modulate cellular form and function. We have addressed the surface physico-chemico-mechano properties of cell culture substrates that play a role in modulating cellular behavior. Single factorial model systems have been built using techniques adapted from microlithography. The tools and techniques of microfabrication, if harnessed and used correctly, can be enabling in elucidating the underlying principles and fundamental forces driving the cell-substrate interface. Additionally, the long-term practical applications of microfabrication in medicine and biomaterial/tissue engineering lie in enabling "communication" with living cells/tissues at the cellular and subcellular levels. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Bioresource Dev, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kapur, R (reprint author), CELLOMICS Inc, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 USA. NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0148-0731 J9 J BIOMECH ENG-T ASME JI J. Biomech. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 1999 VL 121 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1115/1.2798044 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 170XE UT WOS:000078831700011 PM 10080091 ER PT J AU Chen, Y McCarron, RM Bembry, J Ruetzler, C Azzam, N Lenz, FA Spatz, M AF Chen, Y McCarron, RM Bembry, J Ruetzler, C Azzam, N Lenz, FA Spatz, M TI Nitric oxide modulates endothelin 1-induced Ca2+ mobilization and cytoskeletal F-actin filaments in human cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells SO JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE actin; brain endothelial cells; Ca2+ mobilization; cGMP; endothelin; nitric oxide ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; HUMAN NEUTROPHILS; TONE; RAT; INHIBITION; RECEPTORS; MECHANISM; ARTERIES AB A functional interrelation between nitric oxide (NO), the endothelial-derived vasodilating factor, and endothelin 1 (ET-1), the potent vasoconstrictive peptide, was investigated in microvascular endothelium of human brain. Nor-1 dose-dependently decreased the ET-l-stimulated mobilization of Ca2+. This response was mimicked with cGMP and abrogated by inhibitors of guanylyl cyclase or cGMP-dependent protein kinase G. These findings indicate that NO and ET-I interactions involved in modulation of intracellular Ca2+ are mediated by cGMP/protein kinase G. In addition, Nor-1-mediated effects were associated with rearrangements of cytoskeleton F-actin filaments. The results suggest mechanisms by which NO-ET-1 interactions may contribute to regulation of microvascular function. C1 NINDS, Stroke Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Spatz, M (reprint author), NINDS, Stroke Branch, NIH, 36 Convent Dr,MSC 4128, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 28 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-678X J9 J CEREBR BLOOD F MET JI J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 19 IS 2 BP 133 EP 138 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 185KZ UT WOS:000079669300003 PM 10027767 ER PT J AU Luty, T Swanson, DR Eckhardt, CJ AF Luty, T Swanson, DR Eckhardt, CJ TI Langmuir monolayers as disordered solids: Strain-tilt-backbone coupling and natural order parameters for the swiveling transitions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-2-DIMENSIONAL MOLECULAR-SOLIDS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ROTATOR PHASES; ACID; ALKANES AB Multistability of Langmuir monolayers, in particular those composed of fatty acids, is reflected by a very rich and complicated phase diagram. We argue that strain-tilt-backbone coupling determines the behavior described by that diagram. Following the solid state approach, we show that a natural order parameter set is defined by thermal averages of spherical harmonics and strain tensor components. In addition, we show that the backbone order parameter can be conveniently represented by an elastic dipole tensor. Treating Langmuir monolayers as disordered solids, we have derived an orientational entropy contribution to the free energy. The swiveling transition between L-2(L-2h) and L-2'( L-2*) phases is discussed in detail and is conveniently described in terms of the proposed order parameters. We discuss why the change in the distortion direction of the 2D unit cell tracks the change in tilt direction of the molecules, and also why the cell dimensions involved in the swiveling transition are the same in both phases. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)71305-X]. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Wroclaw Tech Univ, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eckhardt, CJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 110 IS 5 BP 2606 EP 2611 DI 10.1063/1.477981 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 161ET UT WOS:000078276500036 ER PT J AU Bullock, S Johnston, EE Willson, T Gatenholm, P Wynne, KJ AF Bullock, S Johnston, EE Willson, T Gatenholm, P Wynne, KJ TI Surface science of a filled polydimethylsiloxane-based alkoxysilane-cured elastomer: RTV11 SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE siloxane networks; surface science; degradation; biofouling ID POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANES); COPOLYMERS; POLYMERS; RELEASE AB Characterization of a filled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based elastomer, RTV11, is reported. Included in this work is resin characterization, kinetics of cure as a function of catalyst concentration, and surface properties of pristine and water-aged films. X-ray spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), dynamic contact angle (DCA) analysis, and ATR-IR were used to characterize cured films. ESCA reveals C and Si peaks in ratios expected for PDMS, but CaCO3 which comprises 32% of the bulk is not detected. The surface of cured RTV11 films is thus predominantly a PDMS network crosslinked by a siliceous domain, the latter comprising about 1.3% by weight. The presence of Ca was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) which probes at micron depth. Stability of films in water was evaluated by tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM), mass loss, changes in contact angles, ESCA, and optical microscopy, TM-AFM images of films aged in water for three months show an increase in surface roughness due to the formation of micro-pits which occupy about 4% of the surface. Gravimetric analysis showed fully cured films lose mass at a rate of about 0.09%/wk over a three month period in water. The mass loss associated with pitting/surface roughening comprises only 0.85% of that measured gravimetrically and by analysis of immersion water. Analysis of Si and Ca in the storage water was performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) in order to quantify the products of surface erosion. An unexpected finding was the surface depletion-limited loss of CaCO3 during the first two months of immersion. The results of surface analytical studies are discussed in the context of the use of alkoxysilane cured PDMS resins for nontoxic fouling release applications. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Chem Dynam & Diagnost Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Polymer Technol, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Off Naval Res, Phys Sci S&T Div 331, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Def Intelligence Agcy, Washington, DC 20340 USA. RP Wynne, KJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 48 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 210 IS 1 BP 18 EP 36 DI 10.1006/jcis.1998.5856 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 162QJ UT WOS:000078358000003 ER PT J AU Markowitz, MA Dunn, DN Chow, GM Zhang, J AF Markowitz, MA Dunn, DN Chow, GM Zhang, J TI The effect of membrane charge on gold nanoparticle synthesis via surfactant membranes SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE vesicles; vesicle membranes; lipid; membrane charge; nanoparticles; crystallites; surfactants ID BILAYER-MEMBRANES; COLLOIDAL GOLD; MEDIATED SYNTHESIS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DIVALENT-CATIONS; PARTICLES; CLUSTERS; METAL; PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE; MICELLES AB The effect of vesicle membrane structure and charge on the synthesis of gold nanoparticles was investigated, The vesicle membranes were comprised of either negatively charged soy lipids or mixtures of charge neutral and negatively charged soy lipids. Palladium ions bound to the membranes served as the catalyst for metal particle synthesis using an electroless metallization procedure. The size range of particles synthesized using membranes comprised of only negatively charged lipids (5-15 nm) was significantly smaller than those synthesized using mixtures of negatively charged and charge-neutral lipids (2-180 nm). X-ray diffraction revealed that the average crystallite size decreased with increasing palladium ion content of the membranes. It also showed that the average crystallite size was smaller for particles synthesized using vesicles comprised of only soy phoshohydroxyethanol lipids than for particles synthesized using vesicles comprised of only soy phosphatidic acid lipids. Particles synthesized with membranes comprised of only negatively charged lipids were encapsulated within the resulting lipid membrane matrix. FT-IR of the lipid matrix indicated that the matrix was formed as the result of ionic bridging of the lipid phosphate headgroups with gold ions. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Mat Sci, Singapore 117600, Singapore. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 68 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 210 IS 1 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1006/jcis.1998.5932 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 162QJ UT WOS:000078358000008 ER PT J AU Wagner, LS Bernhardt, PA Goldstein, JA Selcher, CA Frolov, VL Sergeev, EN AF Wagner, LS Bernhardt, PA Goldstein, JA Selcher, CA Frolov, VL Sergeev, EN TI Effect of ionospheric self-conditioning and preconditioning on the broad upshifted maximum component of stimulated electromagnetic emission SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON HARMONICS; HF-RADIO-WAVES; ARTIFICIAL MODIFICATION; HEATING EXPERIMENTS; EISCAT OBSERVATIONS; ABSORPTION; SCATTERING; DEPENDENCE; SPECTRA; REGION AB Stimulated electromagnetic emissions (SEE) are high-frequency radio emissions that are generated during high-power, high-frequency, ordinary mode (O-mode), radiowave heating of the ionosphere. These: emissions are particularly useful in ionospheric heating experiments because they provide a way of monitoring space plasma processes remotely and passively. In order to utilize these emissions for diagnostic purposes, it is necessary to understand the space plasma processes involved in their generation. The purpose of these experiments was to observe the responses of a particular component of the SEE, the broad upshifted maximum (BUM), to a variety of heating stimuli in an effort to understand the factors involved in its development. Heating experiments were conducted at the Radiophysical Research Institute SURA Ionospheric Modification Facility in Russia. Experiments consisted of single-pump, two-pump, and single-pump power-stepping experiments. The single-pump and two-pump transmissions were organized into groups of pulses of varying widths and spacings to facilitate the investigation of self-conditioning, preconditioning, and two-pump-interaction conditioning effects. The major findings of these experiments are that the action of a pump can have a conditioning effect on the medium that affects the time development of the BUM. The result of the conditioning process is the formation of an overshoot in the temporal development of the BUM. A residual conditioning effect is sustained after the end of a pump pulse for a period of time (similar to 30 s). The residual conditioning acts as preconditioning for the BUM of a subsequent pump pulse. A second O-mode pump (pump2), at a frequency a few hundred kilohertz above that of the first pump (pump1), is observed to cause additional suppression of the pump1 BUM, implying an enhanced conditioning effect. Time constants for the buildup and decay of the conditioning effects are estimated. During power-stepping experiments, the BUM spectrum was observed to evolve from a weak, narrow spectrum at an effective radiated power (ERP) of approximate to 5 MW, to a strong, broad spectrum with a ramp-like spectral tail at an ERP of approximate to 150 MW. Other features noted during power stepping include (1) strong BUM transients at pump power level transitions, (2) BUM amplitude asymmetry between power-up and power-down sides of a power stepping cycle, (3) reduction of the BUM spectral peak offset from the pump frequency with increasing pump power, and (4) power law dependence of BUM power on pump power (exponent similar to 2). Results of these experiments are used in an attempt to assess the relevance of small-scale irregularity generation and electron heating mechanisms to the observed conditioning effects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Radiophys Res Inst, Nizhnii Novgorod 603024, Russia. ITT Syst & Sci Corp, Alexandria, VA USA. RP 12328 Shade Tree Lane, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A2 BP 2573 EP 2590 DI 10.1029/1998JA900006 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 170TX UT WOS:000078823900024 ER PT J AU Abu-Elyazeed, R Wierzba, TF Mourad, AS Peruski, LE Kay, BA Rao, M Churilla, AM Bourgeois, AL Mortagy, AK Kamal, SM Savarino, SJ Campbell, JR Murphy, JR Naficy, A Clemens, JD AF Abu-Elyazeed, R Wierzba, TF Mourad, AS Peruski, LE Kay, BA Rao, M Churilla, AM Bourgeois, AL Mortagy, AK Kamal, SM Savarino, SJ Campbell, JR Murphy, JR Naficy, A Clemens, JD TI Epidemiology of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea in a pediatric cohort in a periurban area of lower Egypt SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 01-05, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID COLONIZATION FACTOR ANTIGEN; LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; INFANTILE DIARRHEA; ORAL IMMUNIZATION; RURAL BANGLADESH; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; ANTIBODIES; VACCINE; MILK AB Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are diverse pathogens that express heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins, yet little is known about whether epidemiologic patterns of pediatric ETEC diarrhea vary by the expressed ETEC toxin phenotype, In total, 242 Egyptian children aged <3 years were prospectively followed in 1993-1995. ETEC episodes were detected during twice-weekly home visits, and asymptomatic ETEC excretion was identified from monthly cross-sectional surveys. ETEC episodes were 0.6 per child-year. ST-only ETEC was 2.6 times (P < .001) more common in warmer than cooler months, while LT-only ETEC showed no seasonal variation. Ownership of a household sanitary latrine, but not breast-feeding, was associated with a lower risk of both enterotoxin phenotypes, Coexpression of a colonization factor by LT- or ST-only ETEC strengthened the association with diarrhea, These findings indicate that the epidemiologic patterns of LT-only and ST-only ETEC are not identical and that disease interventions should include improved household sanitation. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Abu-Elyazeed, R (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Attn Code 101F,PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y1-HD-0026-01] NR 36 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 IS 2 BP 382 EP 389 DI 10.1086/314593 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 162QB UT WOS:000078357300012 PM 9878022 ER PT J AU Menon, ESK Dutta, I AF Menon, ESK Dutta, I TI Processing and characterization of alumina thin films on chemically vapor deposited diamond substrates for producing adherent metallizations SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED REACTIVE EVAPORATION; CVD-DIAMOND; INTERFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY; CONTACTS; SILICON AB In order to make the surface of chemically vapor deposited diamond (CVDD) substrates amenable to metallization by both thin and thick film approaches currently utilized in electronic packaging, a thin, adherent, insulating aluminum oxide film was grown on diamond at low temperatures (<675 K). The film was produced by reactive thermal evaporation of Al and O in an oxygen atmosphere, followed by low-temperature annealing in oxygen. A Cr intermediate layer was deposited on diamond prior to the deposition of aluminum oxide in order to enhance adhesion between the oxide and diamond. The chemistry, crystal structure, and microstructure of the film were characterized in detail via scanning and transmission electron microscopy, as well as Auger electron spectroscopy. Particular attention was given to the mechanisms of bonding across the CVDD-Cr and Cr-alumina interfaces, as well as the stability of the surface treatment following metallization by fritted pastes requiring firing at elevated temperatures. The Cr was found to be bonded with CVDD by Cr23C6 formation, while the bonding between the Cr and alumina layers was provided by the formation of a compositionally modulated solid solution with Al2O3-rich and Cr2O3-rich regions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Menon, ESK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 14 IS 2 BP 565 EP 577 DI 10.1557/JMR.1999.0081 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 235PA UT WOS:000082550200038 ER PT J AU Fang, JD Bredow, S Taishi, P Majde, JA Krueger, JM AF Fang, JD Bredow, S Taishi, P Majde, JA Krueger, JM TI Synthetic influenza viral double-stranded RNA induces an acute-phase response in rabbits SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytokine; virus; double-stranded RNA; sleep; fever ID VIRUS; INTERFERONS; INFECTION; INDUCTION; SLEEP AB Numerous studies have characterized the physiological effects of synthetic, high-molecular-weight, homopolymeric, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), particularly polyriboinosinic.polyribocytidylic acid [Carter and De Clercq (1974): Science 186:1172-1178], but limited information exists regarding the physiological effects of dsRNA of viral composition and size. In this report, we determined sleep and fever responses of rabbits to intracerebroventricular injection of different doses of synthetic viral dsRNA (either 108 base pairs or 661 base pairs) derived from the N-terminal sequence of gene segment 3 of the A/PR/8/34-H1N1 (PR8) influenza virus. Both the108-mer and the 661-mer dsRNAs increased nonrapid eye movement sleep, suppressed rapid eye movement sleep, and induced fever. The 661-mer dsRNA had more potent somnogenic and pyrogenic effects than the 108-mer dsRNA on the basis of weight. Neither single-stranded RNA from the corresponding sequences had significant effects on sleep or brain temperature. These results demonstrate for the first time that low-molecular-weight, viral dsRNA has the stability in vivo that is required to induce the fever and sleep changes found in natural viral infections, and the hypothesis is supported that virus-associated dsRNA may be responsible for initiating the acute-phase response during viral infections. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept VCAPP, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Mol Imaging Res, Charlestown, MA USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Krueger, JM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept VCAPP, POB 646520, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD36520] NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 57 IS 2 BP 198 EP 203 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 154DJ UT WOS:000077873100019 PM 9892408 ER PT J AU Phillips, WT Klipper, RW Awasthi, VD Rudolph, AS Cliff, R Kwasiborski, V Goins, BA AF Phillips, WT Klipper, RW Awasthi, VD Rudolph, AS Cliff, R Kwasiborski, V Goins, BA TI Polyethylene glycol-modified liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin: A long circulating red cell substitute SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); TC-99M-LABELED LIPOSOME; SURFACE MODIFICATION; BLOOD; BIODISTRIBUTION; TRANSFUSION; RABBIT; ACCUMULATION; CONJUGATION; AGGREGATION AB A major obstacle in the development of red cell substitutes has been overcoming their short circulation persistence. In this study, distearoyl phosphoethanolamine polyethylene glycol 5000 (PEG-PE) (10 mol%) was added to the formulation of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) to decrease reticuloendothelial system uptake and prolong LEH circulation persistence. PEG-LEH was radiolabeled with technetium, infused into rabbits (25% of blood pool at 1 ml/min) (n = 5), and monitored by scintigraphic imaging at various times out to 48 h. At 48 h, animals were sacrificed, and tissue samples were collected for counting in a scintillation well counter. Tissue distribution data at 48 h revealed that 51.3 +/- 3.4% of the technetium-99m-PEG-LEH remained in circulation, a greater than 3-fold increase in the circulation half-life compared with circulation half-lives previously reported for non-PEG-containing LEH formulations. The liver had the greatest accumulation at 48 h (12.7 +/- 0.7%), followed by bone marrow (6.2 +/- 0.1%), whereas the spleen had only 1.4 +/- 0.2%. The addition of PEG-PE to the LEH formulation greatly prolongs the circulation persistence of LEH and represents a significant step in the development of red cell substitutes with prolonged oxygen delivery. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phillips, WT (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RI Goins, Beth/F-1311-2010; Phillips, William/E-8427-2010 OI Phillips, William/0000-0001-8248-7817 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL53052] NR 39 TC 115 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 288 IS 2 BP 665 EP 670 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 161KA UT WOS:000078286700037 PM 9918573 ER PT J AU Gordon, AL McClean, JL AF Gordon, AL McClean, JL TI Thermohaline stratification of the Indonesian Seas: Model and observations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL OCEAN CIRCULATION; INDIAN-OCEAN; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; HEAT-TRANSPORT; NORTH PACIFIC; THROUGHFLOW; WATER; THERMOCLINE; BASINS; FLUXES AB The Indonesian Throughflow, weaving through complex topography. drawing water from near the division of the North Pacific and South Pacific water mass fields, represents a severe challenge to modeling efforts. Thermohaline observations within the Indonesian seas in August 1993 (southeast monsoon) and February 1994 (northwest monsoon) offer an opportunity to compare observations to model output for these periods. The simulation used in these comparisons is the Los Alamos Parallel Ocean Program (POP) 1/6 drg ton average) global model, forced by ECMWF wind stresses for the period 1985 through 1995. The model temperature structure shows discrepancies from the observed profiles, such as between 200 and 1200 dbar where the model temperature is as much as 3 degrees C warmer than the observed temperature. Within the 5 degrees-28 degrees C temperature interval, the model salinity is excessive, often by more than 0.2. The model density, dominated by the temperature profile. is lower than the observed density between 200 and 1200 dbar, and is denser at other depths. In the model Makassar Strait, North Pacific waters are found dawn to about 250 dbar, in agreement with observations. The model sill depth in the Makassar Strait of 200 m, rather than the observed 550-m sill depth, shields the model Flares Sea from Makassar Strait lower thermocline water, causing the Flores lower thermocline to be dominated by salty water from the Banda Sea. In the Maluku, Scram, and Banda Seas the model thermocline is far too salty, due to excessive amounts of South Pacific water. Observations show that the bulk of the Makassar throughflow turns eastward into the Flores and Banda Seas, before exiting the Indonesian seas near Timer. In the model, South Pacific thermocline water spreads uninhibited into the Banda, Flores, and Timer Seas and ultimately into the Indian Ocean. The model throughflow transport is about 7.0 Sv (Sv = 10(6) m(3) s(-1)) in August 1993 and 0.6 Sv in February 1994, which is low compared to observationally based estimates. However. during the prolonged EI Nino of the early 1990s the throughflow is suspected to be lower than average and, indeed, the model transports for the non-El Nino months of August 1988 and February 1989 are larger It is likely that aspects of the model bathymetry, particularly that of the Torres Strait, which is too open to the South Pacific, and the Makassar Strait, which is too restrictive, may be the cause of the discrepancies between observations and model. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gordon, AL (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RI Gordon, Arnold/H-1049-2011 OI Gordon, Arnold/0000-0001-6480-6095 NR 59 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 29 IS 2 BP 198 EP 216 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<0198:TSOTIS>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 171NM UT WOS:000078870200007 ER PT J AU Lippmann, TC Herbers, THC Thornton, EB AF Lippmann, TC Herbers, THC Thornton, EB TI Gravity and shear wave contributions to nearshore infragravity motions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MEAN LONGSHORE-CURRENT; EDGE WAVES; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; NATURAL BEACH; BARRED-BEACH; SURF BEAT; INSTABILITIES; FREQUENCY; ENERGY; ZONE AB Data from a cross-shore array of nine collocated pressure sensors and bidirectional current meters, extending from the shoreline to approximately 4.5-m depth, are used to estimate the relative contributions of gravity waves (e.g., edge and leaky waves) and instabilities of the alongshore current (shear waves) to motions in the infragravity (frequencies nominally 0.004-0.05 Hz) band. The ratio between frequency-integrated velocity and pressure variances is shown to be approximately equal to g/h for a broad spectrum of gravity waves independent of the mode mix of edge and leaky waves. Since shear waves have velocity to pressure variance ratios >> g/h, this ratio can be used to estimate the relative contributions of gravity and shear waves to the infragravity band. Outside the surf zone where the shear in the along shore current is relatively weak, the observed velocity to pressure variance ratios are approximately equal to g/h, consistent with a gravity-dominated wave field. Inside the surf zone where alongshore currents are strongly sheared, these ratios are up to a factor of 4 larger, indicating that shear waves contribute as much as 75% of the velocity variance in the infragravity band. Observed shear-wave-dominated infragravity band motions are confined to a narrow region of strong shear on the seaward side of the alongshore current maximum, and their cross-shore structure appears to be insensitive to changes in the beach profile, qualitatively consistent with theoretical predictions by linear stability analysis. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Coastal Studies, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lippmann, TC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Coastal Studies, 9500 Gilman Dr,0209, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 27 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 29 IS 2 BP 231 EP 239 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<0231:GASWCT>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 171NM UT WOS:000078870200009 ER PT J AU Urban, JJ von Tersch, RL AF Urban, JJ von Tersch, RL TI Conformational analysis of the isomers of lewisite SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lewisite; 2-chlorovinyldichloroarsine; conformational analysis ID DIPOLE-MOMENT AB Chlorovinyldichloroarsine, also known as lewisite, is a powerful vesicant that has been used in the past as a chemical weapon. Its extreme toxicity makes obtaining experimental data to characterize this notorious chemical system very challenging. In this work, ab initio calculations were carried out on the geminal, cis and trans isomers of lewisite at a variety of levels of theory employing both all-electron and effective-core potential basis sets. The aims were to ascertain the relative stability of these three isomeric forms of lewisite and to characterize their structures, dipole moments and conformational preferences. The trans isomer of lewisite was found to be the most stable and the geminal isomer the least stable. This is consistent with the experimental data available on the compositions of lewisite mixtures. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Urban, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0894-3230 J9 J PHYS ORG CHEM JI J. Phys. Org. Chem. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 12 IS 2 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1395(199902)12:2<95::AID-POC91>3.0.CO;2-V PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 179FF UT WOS:000079314600003 ER PT J AU Gaxiola-Castro, G Alvarez-Borrego, S Lavin, MF Zirino, A Najera-Martinez, S AF Gaxiola-Castro, G Alvarez-Borrego, S Lavin, MF Zirino, A Najera-Martinez, S TI Spatial variability of the photosynthetic parameters and biomass of the Gulf of California phytoplankton SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OCEAN; SUMMER AB Spatial variability of the central Gulf of California (CGC) phytoplankton biomass and photosynthetic parameters in relation to physical forcing was studied. Sampling was carried out in November, and the surface T degrees C range was 20-27.5 degrees C. Strong tidal mixing in the midrift islands region injects relatively cool, nutrient-rich waters to the euphotic zone. Some of this water is transported via jets and cool filaments throughout the Gulf. In general, chlorophyll a (Chl) of small phytoplankton (<8 mu m) (up to >2.5 mg m(-3)) was higher than that of large phytoplankton. Highest values of phytoplankton assimilation numbers (P(B)m) [3.17 mg C (mg Chi a)(-1) h(-1)], and photosynthetic efficiency (alpha(B)) [0.23 mg C (mg Chi a)(-1) h(-1) (W m(-2))(-1)] were determined for the large phytoplankton cells (>8 mu m). Our hypothesis that P(B)m values increase from cooler to warmer waters is not supported by the data. We found a 27-fold spatial difference of Chi, compared with a 10-fold difference of P(B)m and a 6-fold difference of alpha(B). Thus, in our study area, the major source of variability for primary productivity (PP) comes from Chi, and not from P(B)m and alpha(B). Therefore, we propose that it is possible to estimate late-fall PP for the CGC using average photosynthetic parameters. Average values for P(B)m and alpha(B) of total phytoplankton were 0.72 mg C (mg Chi a)(-1) h(-1) and 0.12 mg C (mg Chi a)(-1) h(-1) (W m(-2))(-1), with standard errors of 0.07 and 0.03, respectively. C1 Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Div Oceanol, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. USN, Ctr Ocean Syst, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. RP Gaxiola-Castro, G (reprint author), Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Div Oceanol, Kilometro 107 Carretera Tijuana Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. RI Lavin, Martin/F-5961-2014; OI Lavin, Martin/0000-0002-5940-4769; Alvarez-Borrego, Saul/0000-0002-7586-8678 NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 21 IS 2 BP 231 EP 245 DI 10.1093/plankt/21.2.231 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 168LV UT WOS:000078695000002 ER PT J AU Symonds, CL AF Symonds, CL TI Confederate tide rising: Robert E. Lee and the making of Southern strategy, 1861-1862 SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Symonds, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 65 IS 1 BP 181 EP 182 DI 10.2307/2587764 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 165YJ UT WOS:000078549200035 ER PT J AU Ovchinnikov, Y Wolf, S Kresin, V AF Ovchinnikov, Y Wolf, S Kresin, V TI Inhomogeneities and magnetic properties of the cuprates SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Superconductivity and Magnetism CY JUN, 1998 CL ERICE, ITALY ID LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; FIELD AB Thermodynamic and transport measurements display an unconventional behavior of H-c2. One can observe a diamagnetic response in inhomogenous overdoped sample. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 12 IS 1 BP 125 EP 127 DI 10.1023/A:1007798309366 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 178XK UT WOS:000079294300029 ER PT J AU Nucker, N Merz, M Schweiss, P Pellegrin, E Schuppler, S Wolf, T Chakarian, V Freeland, J Idzerda, YU Klaser, M Muller-Vogt, G Er, G Kikkawa, S Liu, G AF Nucker, N Merz, M Schweiss, P Pellegrin, E Schuppler, S Wolf, T Chakarian, V Freeland, J Idzerda, YU Klaser, M Muller-Vogt, G Er, G Kikkawa, S Liu, G TI Role of apical holes for superconductivity in p-type cuprates: NEXAFS results SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Superconductivity and Magnetism CY JUN, 1998 CL ERICE, ITALY ID COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HIGH-PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; OXYGEN AB From the early days of high-temperature superconductivity on, the question of a possible role of apical sites in p-type superconductors has been controversely discussed in the community. Several recent observations made by us, using polarization-dependent O1s and Cu2p near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy on single crystals of infinite-layer compounds, of Ca-doped T ' phase compounds, and of Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3Oy, are all consistent with the conjecture that there is significant influence of the apical site on high-T-c superconductivity. Most notably, the Ca-dependent hole counts for the latter family show that superconductivity is absent if there are no holes on the apical site. This is independent of the hole count in the CuO2 planes. C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, INFP, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ITP, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Osaka Univ, ISIR, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Natl Lab Superconduct, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, INFP, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RI Kikkawa, Shinichi/A-7482-2012 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 12 IS 1 BP 143 EP 146 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 178XK UT WOS:000079294300032 ER PT J AU Ward, JF Johnstone, PAS Kane, CJ AF Ward, JF Johnstone, PAS Kane, CJ TI Free-to-total prostate-specific antigen ratios 18-24 months following external beam radiation for adenocarcinoma of the prostate SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate-specific antigen; percent free PSA; radiotherapy; prostatic neoplasms ID CANCER; SERUM; ALPHA-1-ANTICHYMOTRYPSIN; PSA; COMPLEX; CELLS AB Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate free-to-total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ratios after definitive external beam radiation therapy for men with adenocarcinoma of the prostate (CaP). Methods: A prospective evaluation of percent free PSA in men following definitive external beam radiation therapy for CaP was compared to men with untreated CaP and men at very low risk for CaP. Statistical comparison of clinical and pathologic parameters was performed. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in free-to-total PSA ratios for men with newly diagnosed CaP and men with detectable PSA who were treated with external beam radiation therapy. Conclusions: Free-to-total PSA ratios after definitive external beam radiation therapy for CaP are consistent with percent free PSA in patients with newly diagnosed CaP. This supports the theory that PSA from in situ prostate tissue following external beam radiation therapy is produced by malignant cells. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Ward, JF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0022-4790 J9 J SURG ONCOL JI J. Surg. Oncol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 70 IS 2 BP 91 EP 94 PG 4 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 173EE UT WOS:000078967600005 PM 10084650 ER PT J AU Tressler, JF Newnham, RE Hughes, WJ AF Tressler, JF Newnham, RE Hughes, WJ TI Capped ceramic underwater sound projector: The "cymbal" transducer SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 133rd Meeting of the Acoustical-Society-of-America CY JUN 15-20, 1997 CL STATE COLL, PA SP Acoust Soc Amer ID COMPOSITES AB A new type of transducer has been developed for use as a shallow-water sound projector at frequencies below 50 kHz, Dubbed the "cymbal," it is similar to the more commonly known "moonie" and class V ring/shell flextensional designs. Prototype cymbal arrays 2 mm thick with a radiating area of 11.4 cm(2) have been developed and calibrated. Two mounting schemes have been examined: unpotted (oil-filled) and potted in a 5-mm thick layer of stiff polyurethane. In both cases, a transmitting response comparable to the more widely used Tonpilz transducer (with an equivalent radiating area) is attainable. When tested under hydrostatic pressures, a standard cymbal configuration has been shown to withstand exposures of 2.5 MPa (which corresponds to 250 m of water depth) before failure. (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)02801-5]. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 105 IS 2 BP 591 EP 600 DI 10.1121/1.426249 PN 1 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 161KL UT WOS:000078287800001 ER PT J AU Collins, MD Siegmann, WL AF Collins, MD Siegmann, WL TI A complete energy conservation correction for the elastic parabolic equation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STEP PADE SOLUTION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; SELF-STARTER; OCEAN; MEDIA AB A complete energy conservation correction is derived to improve the accuracy of the elastic parabolic equation for range-dependent problems, The correction is complete in the sense that it is valid for problems involving a broad spectrum of horizontal wave numbers. It is a linear condition that associates the incident and transmitted fields on a vertical interface with arrays of point sources having the appropriate energy flux densities. It is a generalization of a complete energy conservation correction for the acoustic parabolic equation [J, Acoust, Sec. Am. 94, 975-982 (1993)], (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)02002-0]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Collins, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 105 IS 2 BP 687 EP 692 DI 10.1121/1.426259 PN 1 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 161KL UT WOS:000078287800011 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, M Melendres, CA Mansour, AN AF Balasubramanian, M Melendres, CA Mansour, AN TI X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the local structure of heavy metal ions incorporated into electrodeposited nickel oxide films SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYDROXIDE ELECTRODES; ELECTROCHEMISTRY AB The incorporation of heavy metal ions into simulated corrosion films has bean investigated using spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. The films were formed by electrodeposition of the appropriate oxide (hydroxide) onto a graphite substrate. Synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to determine the structure and composition of the host oxide film, as well as the local structure of the impurity ion. Results on the incorporation of Ce and Sr into surface films of Ni(OH)(2) and NiOOH are reported. Cathodically deposited Ni(OH)(2) was found to be mainly in the alpha form while anodically prepared NiOOH showed the presence of Ni+2 and Ni+4. Cerium incorporated into Ni(OH)(2) exists as mixed Ce+3 and Ce+4 phases; a Ce+4 species was found when Ce was codeposited with NiOOH. The structure of the Ce+4 phase in anodic films appears similar to a Ce(OH)(4) standard. However, XAS, X-ray diffraction, and laser Raman measurements indicate that the latter chemical formulation is probably incorrect and that the material is really a disordered form of hydrous cerium oxide. The local structure of this material is similar to CeO2 but has much higher structural disorder. The significance of this finding on the question of the structure of Ce-based corrosion inhibitors in aluminum oxide films is pointed out. Moreover, we found it possible to form pure Ce oxide (hydroxide) films on graphite by both cathodic and anodic electrodeposition; their structures have also been elucidated. Strontium incorporated into nickel oxide films consists of Sr+2 which is coordinated to oxygen atoms and is likely to exist as small domains of coprecipitated material. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(97)12-092-4. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 146 IS 2 BP 607 EP 614 DI 10.1149/1.1391651 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 171LZ UT WOS:000078866400030 ER PT J AU Canty, TG Canty, TG Brown, C AF Canty, TG Canty, TG Brown, C TI Injuries of the gastrointestinal tract from blunt trauma in children: A 12-year experience at a designated pediatric trauma center SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma/Trauma-Association-of-Can ada CY SEP 24-27, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma, Trauma Assoc Canada DE blunt abdominal trauma; GI tract injury in children ID SMALL-BOWEL INJURY; SEAT-BELT INJURY; ABDOMINAL-TRAUMA; NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; INTESTINAL INJURIES; PERFORATION; CHILDHOOD; MANAGEMENT AB Introduction: Nonoperative management of solid organ injury from blunt trauma in children has focused concern on potential delays in diagnosis of hollow viscus injury with resultant increases in morbidity; mortality; and cost. This study of a large pediatric trauma database will review the issues of difficulty and/or delay in diagnosis as it relates specifically to definitive treatment and outcome. Methods: We surveyed 11,592 consecutive admissions to a designated pediatric trauma center from 1985 to 1997 to identify children with documented injury of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract from blunt trauma. The records were extensively analyzed specifically in regard to mechanism of injury, type and site of injury; time to diagnosis, operative treatment, complications, and final outcome. Results: The 79 children identified, 4 months to 17 years old, included 27 females and 52 males. Mechanism of injury included 15 restrained and 7 unrestrained passengers, 15 pedestrians, 15 child abuse victims, 10 bike handlebar intrusions, 8 discrete blows to the abdomen, 4 bike versus auto, 3 falls, and 2 crush injuries. There were 51 perforations, 6 avulsions, and 22 lesser injuries including contusions. Injury of the small bowel was most common, 44 cases, followed by the duodenum, 18 cases, colon, 17 cases, and stomach, 6 cases. In 45 children, diagnosis was made quickly by a combination of obvious clinical findings, plain x-ray and/or initial computed tomographic findings mandating urgent operative intervention, Diagnosis was delayed beyond 4 hours in 34 children, beyond 24 hours in 17 children and was made by persistent clinical suspicion, aided by delayed computed tomographic findings of bowel wall edema or unexplained fluid. The six deaths were caused by severe head injury. Complications included two delayed abscesses and two cases of intestinal obstruction. All 73 survivors left the hospital with normal bowel function. Conclusions: Injury to the GI tract from blunt trauma in children is uncommon (<1%), The majority of GI tract injuries (60%) are caused by a discrete point of energy transfer such as a seatbelt (19%), a handle bar (13%), or a blow from abuse (19%), or other blows and is unique to this population, Although diagnosis may be difficult and often delayed, this did not result in excessive morbidity or mortality. Safe and effective treatment of GI tract injuries is compatible with nonoperative management of most other injuries associated with blunt abdominal trauma in children, while reducing the risk of nontherapeutic laparotomy. C1 Childrens Hosp, Div Trauma, San Diego, CA USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Surg, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Balboa Naval Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. RP Canty, TG (reprint author), 3030 Childrens Way,Suite 401, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. NR 35 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD FEB PY 1999 VL 46 IS 2 BP 234 EP 239 DI 10.1097/00005373-199902000-00005 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 166TT UT WOS:000078593800006 PM 10029026 ER PT J AU Gray, C Ward, JF Sands, JP AF Gray, C Ward, JF Sands, JP TI Syncope from increased ventricular response in atrial fibrillation during voiding: A new indication for surgical management in benign prostatic hyperplasia SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE urinary tract; prostatic hyperplasia; endoscopy; atrial fibrillation; syncope C1 USN, Dept Urol, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Gray, C (reprint author), USN, Dept Urol, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 161 IS 2 BP 606 EP 607 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)61965-7 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 158UZ UT WOS:000078136900069 PM 9915461 ER PT J AU Lee, M Shin, YS AF Lee, M Shin, YS TI Investigations of the watershield effect on blast waves: One and two-dimensional study SO KSME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE watershield; blast wave mitigation; water equation of state; finite element method AB The object of this analysis is to investigate the mitigation effects of watershield on blast waves numerically. One application of current work is to resolve the design concerns for the ammunition storage facilities. To verify the numerical procedure using a multimaterial Eulerian finite element method, the results are compared with the available experimental data for detonation in a pressured tank, and the analytical predictions for air shocks. Features of the free-field detonation process are then studied from a series of one-dimensional simulations. The magnitude of peak pressure decreases and shock arrival time increases with increasing thickness of watershield. For design analysis, the case of two-dimensional axisymmetric geometry (a vertical right-circular cylinder) with a central charge is also considered. The full process including initial detonation, shock wave propagation and reflection from the outer rigid boundary is examined. For the explosives immersed in water, the magnitude of peak pressure becomes smaller than those in air tank without watershield. At later time period, the average gas pressure left in the air tank is about 20 bar. C1 Sejong Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Seoul, South Korea. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Lee, M (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Seoul, South Korea. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI SEOUL PA KSTC NEW BLD. 7TH FLOOR, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-4865 J9 KSME INT J JI KSME Int. J. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 13 IS 2 BP 191 EP 199 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 167YE UT WOS:000078661800010 ER PT J AU Max, MD Ghidella, M Kovacs, L Paterlini, M Valladares, JA AF Max, MD Ghidella, M Kovacs, L Paterlini, M Valladares, JA TI Geology of the Argentine continental shelf and margin from aeromagnetic survey SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; BREAK-UP; IRELAND; OCEAN; GONDWANALAND; CONTINUATION; ANTARCTICA; AMERICA; BAY AB New aeromagnetics show a complex of magnetic patterns and source depths of the north and central Argentine continental and adjacent oceanic crust. The 40 km wide, positive magnetic G-anomaly reflects an end-rift associated volcanic edifice at the continental margin. M4-MO and Cretaceous quiet zone oceanic crust are identified. The Colorado magnetic discontinuity forms the southern boundary of the Precambrian La Plata craton. To the south the continental crust of the Patagonia Platform is composed of amalgamated late Precambrian through end-Paleozoic weakly magnetic sedimentary prisms. The SW Patagonia Platform crust shows a strong high-frequency magnetic pattern associated with Mesozoic volcanics, while zones of mid-crustal level intrusives and some volcanics on the outer shelf are expressed as a broad, higher amplitude magnetic pattern. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Antarctico Argentina, RA-1010 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Serv Hidrog Naval, RA-1272 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Max, MD (reprint author), Inst Antarctico Argentina, Cerrito 1248, RA-1010 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM max@qur.nrl.navy.mil NR 60 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 16 IS 1 BP 41 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S0264-8172(98)00063-4 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 159PB UT WOS:000078181700003 ER PT J AU Preller, RH Cheng, A AF Preller, RH Cheng, A TI Modeling the transport of radioactive contaminants in the Arctic SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ocean dumping; Russian nuclear waste; numerical models; Kara Sea; Barents Sea; Novaya; Zemlya; contamination; ocean transport ID SEA ICE AB A coupled ice-ocean model, designed by the Naval Research Laboratory, composed of the Cox ocean model coupled to the Hibler ice model is used to simulate the dispersion of radioactive contaminants in the Arctic and its marginal seas. Source locations and estimated inventories of disposed radionuclides are based on those documented in a Russian report referred to as the Yablokov Report. The ocean model is separated from the ice model to investigate only the transport and dispersion of contaminants once they have entered the water column. Several 10-year model simulations are presented using the following sources: (1) low level solid and liquid radioactive wastes dumped in both the Kara and Barents Seas; (2) higher level radioactive wastes, including marine reactors with spent nuclear fuel dumped along the Novaya Zemlya coast in the Kara Sea; (3) river discharge carrying radioactive wastes into the Kara and Barents Seas; and (4) radioactive wastes discharged from the nuclear fuel reprocessing plant at Sellafield in the Irish Sea. Comparison of these model results to data indicates that both the riverine and the Sellafield sources can account for the levels of radioactivity (approximately 10(1) Bq/m(3)) recently observed in the Kara Sea. When the discarded marine reactors are used as the source in the model, levels of radioactivity are an order of magnitude higher than observed, implying that these radioactive wastes are still well encased and not leaking significantly the water column. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Sverdrup Technol Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 38 IS 2 BP 71 EP 91 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(99)80001-0 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 172NN UT WOS:000078930800013 ER PT J AU Leffler, CT Philippi, AF Leffler, SG Mosure, JC Kim, PD AF Leffler, CT Philippi, AF Leffler, SG Mosure, JC Kim, PD TI Glucosamine, chondroitin, and manganese ascorbate for degenerative joint disease of the knee or low back: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OSTEOARTHRITIS; SULFATE; GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS; EFFICACY; MATRIX; ACID AB Objective: A 16-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of a combination of glucosamine HCl (1,500 mg/day), chondroitin sulfate (1,200 mg/day), and manganese ascorbate (228 mg/day) in degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the knee or low back was conducted. Methods: Thirty-four males from the U.S. Navy diving and special warfare community with chronic pain and radiographic DJD of the knee or low back were randomized. A summary disease score incorporated results of pain and functional questionnaires, physical examination scores, and running times. Changes were presented as a percentage of the patient's average score. Results: Knee osteoarthritis symptoms were relieved as demonstrated by the summary disease score (-16.3%; p = 0.05), patient assessment of treatment effect (p = 0.02), visual analog scale for pain recorded at clinic visits (-26.6%; p = 0.05) and in a diary (-28.6%; p = 0.02), and physical examination score (-43.3%; p = 0.01). Running times did not change. The study neither demonstrated, nor excluded, a benefit for spinal DJP), Side effect frequency was similar to that at baseline. There were no hematologic effects. Conclusions: The combination therapy relieves symptoms of knee osteoarthritis, A larger data set is needed to determine the value of this therapy for spinal DJD, Short-term combination therapy appears safe in this setting. C1 USN, Dept Med, Special Warfare Grp 2, Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek, Norfolk, VA 23521 USA. RP Philippi, AF (reprint author), USN, Dept Med, Special Warfare Grp 2, Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek, Norfolk, VA 23521 USA. EM occdr@aol.com NR 47 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 164 IS 2 BP 85 EP 91 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 167UG UT WOS:000078651200004 PM 10050562 ER PT J AU Threet, E Fargues, MP AF Threet, E Fargues, MP TI Economic evaluation of voice recognition for the clinicians' desktop at the Naval Hospital Roosevelt Roads SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER AB This study investigated the voice recognition (VR) pilot project conducted at the Naval Hospital Roosevelt Roads during 1996 and 1997. The objective of the analysis was to determine the viability and economic benefits of using a commercial, off-the-shelf VR application as a clinician's input device for transcribing clinical encounter notes. Results show that VR technology provides numerous benefits, such as resulting in more thorough clinical encounter notes, eliminating the need tot hire medical transcriptionists, and reducing graphic user interface overload on the Windows-based Military Health Service Systems. In addition, our findings indicate that the use of computer technology during clinical encounters has no significant effect on patient-clinician relationships. C1 USN, Syst Management Dept, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Threet, E (reprint author), USN, Syst Management Dept, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 164 IS 2 BP 119 EP 126 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 167UG UT WOS:000078651200011 PM 10050569 ER PT J AU Haas, DC Bohnker, BK AF Haas, DC Bohnker, BK TI "Abdominal crunch"-induced rhabdomyolysis presenting as right upper quadrant pain SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB A young, active duty sailor presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain. History, physical, and laboratory findings initially suggested cholecystitis or related disease. Further evaluation found myoglobinuria and a recently increased exercise program, leading to the diagnosis of exercise-induced right upper abdominal wall rhabdomyolysis. Although not a common cause of abdominal pain, this diagnosis should be considered in the patient with abdominal pain and a recently increased exercise program, particularly exercises of the abdominal wall such as "abdominal crunches." C1 USN Hosp, FPO, AE 09593 USA. RP Haas, DC (reprint author), USN Hosp, PSC 1005,Box 36, FPO, AE 09593 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 164 IS 2 BP 160 EP 161 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 167UG UT WOS:000078651200020 PM 10050578 ER PT J AU Mak, WK Morton, DP Wood, RK AF Mak, WK Morton, DP Wood, RK TI Monte Carlo bounding techniques for determining solution quality in stochastic programs SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE programming; stochastic; Monte Carlo approximations; statistics; sampling; confidence intervals; variance reduction ID STATISTICAL ESTIMATORS; ASYMPTOTIC-BEHAVIOR; LINEAR-PROGRAMS; FIXED RECOURSE; DECOMPOSITION; SIMULATION AB A stochastic program SP with solution value z* can be approximately solved by sampling n realizations of the program's stochastic parameters, and by solving the resulting "approximating problem" for (x(n)*,z(n)*) We show that, in expectation, z(n)* is a lower bound on z* and that this bound monotonically improves as n increases. The first result is used to construct confidence intervals on the optimality gap for any candidate solution (x) over cap to SP, e.g., (x) over cap=x(n)*. A sampling procedure based on common random numbers ensures nonnegative gap estimates and provides significant variance reduction over naive sampling on four test problems. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Comp Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Grad Program Operat Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Wood, RK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Morton, David/K-2388-2014; OI Wood, Kevin/0000-0002-0311-8712 NR 36 TC 194 Z9 199 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6377 J9 OPER RES LETT JI Oper. Res. Lett. PD FEB-MAR PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1016/S0167-6377(98)00054-6 PG 10 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 186XR UT WOS:000079756600007 ER PT J AU Choplin, NT AF Choplin, NT TI Physical standards and military service SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Corps, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Choplin, NT (reprint author), USN, Med Corps, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD FEB PY 1999 VL 106 IS 2 BP 209 EP 210 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(99)90094-5 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 162QD UT WOS:000078357500006 PM 9951463 ER PT J AU Hooper, WP Martin, LU AF Hooper, WP Martin, LU TI Scanning lidar measurements of surf-zone aerosol generation SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE lidar; surf-generated aerosol; aerosol backscatter ID BOUNDARY-LAYER AB A scanning lidar was used at Wallops Island, Virginia, to locate regions where aerosols are generated by breaking waves and to characterize the resultant aerosol plumes. False-color lidar images show Views of both the horizontal and the vertical extent of the plumes above the surf zone. A 30-min-average location of aerosol generation is shown as a contour overlay on the lidar images. The strength of the backscatter is separated into three regions: the land side of the surf zone, the surf zone, and the ocean side of the surf zone. (C) 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(49)00302-5]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Remote Sensing, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hooper, WP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Remote Sensing, Code 7221, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 38 IS 2 BP 250 EP 255 DI 10.1117/1.602083 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 165DV UT WOS:000078505200009 ER PT J AU Keefe, MA Cupp, CL AF Keefe, MA Cupp, CL TI The septum in rhinoplasty SO OTOLARYNGOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NASAL AB Recognition and correction of septal abnormalities in rhinoplastic surgery has been a constant evolution aided by the development of an in depth anatomic understanding of the nose and the refinement of techniques based on the pertinent anatomy. Whether the deformity presents a functional, aesthetic, or combined problem, the authors prefer a single stage technique that separates the structural components of the nose, isolating the deformities present, and then reconstructing the components to effect a desirable result in terms of airway and appearance. Although no two nasal surgeries are identical, there are characteristic deformities that are noted to be generally more problematic. We briefly review normal septal anatomy as it pertains to the septorhinoplasty operation and then discuss our approach to specific septal variations that we have found to have a significant impact with regard to achieving satisfactory functional and aesthetic results. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Keefe, MA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0030-6665 J9 OTOLARYNG CLIN N AM JI Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 32 IS 1 BP 15 EP + DI 10.1016/S0030-6665(05)70113-4 PG 24 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 199HX UT WOS:000080476100004 PM 10196436 ER PT J AU Fournee, V Mazin, I Papaconstantopoulos, DA Belin-Ferre, E AF Fournee, V Mazin, I Papaconstantopoulos, DA Belin-Ferre, E TI Electronic structure calculations of Al-Cu alloys: comparison with experimental results on Hume-Rothery phases SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID QUASI-CRYSTALS; TRANSITION; EXPLICIT AB Electronic band-structure calculations for a set of hypothetical Al-Cu alloys are presented. The influence of the local order and of the Cu concentration on the local density of states is analysed. The Als states are repelled towards the bottom of the occupied band by the interaction with the more localized Cud states lying about 4 eV below the Fermi lever. Bonding and antibonding Al p states also appear, located on each side of the Cud band. The coupling between the more extended states of Al with the d band of Cu is well described by a Fano-like effect. Two calculations performed for real Al-Cu phases of the Hume-Rothery type allow direct comparison with experimental results obtained by soft-X-ray spectroscopies. A pseudogap induced by the interaction between the Fermi sphere and the Brillouin zone is observed in agreement with the experiment. The availability of the Hume-Rothery criterion in the formation of the pseudogap observed in quasicrystalline phases is also discussed. C1 Lab Chim Phys Mat & Rayonnement, CNRS, Unite mixte Rech 7614, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Grp Rech Concertat Invest Quasicristaux, CNRS, Unite G1022, F-75231 Paris, France. USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fournee, V (reprint author), Lab Chim Phys Mat & Rayonnement, CNRS, Unite mixte Rech 7614, 11 Rue Pierre & Marie Curie, F-75231 Paris 05, France. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 79 IS 2 BP 205 EP 221 DI 10.1080/13642819908206793 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 162LA UT WOS:000078346700001 ER PT J AU Tran, P AF Tran, P TI Population transfer through the continuum: ir excitation of HeH+ SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB We study the ir excitation of HeH+ using the counterintuitive arrangement of two pulsed lasers with the continuum as the intermediate state. The time-dependent Schrodinger equation describing the system is integrated numerically using the split-operator technique. We examine the maximum population transfer as a function of the pulse separation, pulse width, relative pulse strength, two-photon detuning, and relative position of the intermediate continuum stale. The largest population transfer found is 63 %. [S1050-2947(99)08002-6]. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 4B4000D,Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Tran, P (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 4B4000D,Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 1999 VL 59 IS 2 BP 1444 EP 1450 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.59.1444 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 169YW UT WOS:000078778500069 ER PT J AU Mishin, Y Farkas, D Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Mishin, Y Farkas, D Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Interatomic potentials for monoatomic metals from experimental data and ab initio calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; CRACK TIP; ALUMINUM; SURFACES; ENERGY; MODEL; SIMULATION; TRANSITION; DEFECTS; ALLOYS AB We demonstrate an approach to the development of many-body interatomic potentials for monoatomic metals with improved accuracy and reliability. The functional form of the potentials is that of the embedded-atom method, but the: interesting features are as follows: (1) The database used for the development of a potential includes both experimental data and a large set of energies of different alternative crystalline structures of the material generated by nb initio calculations. We introduce a rescaling of interatomic distances in an attempt to improve the compatibility between experimental and ab initio data. (2) The optimum parametrization of the potential for the given database is obtained by alternating the fitting and testing steps. The testing step includes a comparison between the ab initio structural energies and those predicted by the potential. This strategy allows us to achieve the best accuracy of fitting within the intrinsic limitations of the potential model. Using this approach we develop reliable interatomic potentials for Al and Ni. The potentials accurately reproduce basic equilibrium properties of these metals, the elastic constants, the phonon-dispersion curves, the vacancy formation and migration energies, the stacking fault energies, and the surface energies. They also predict the right relative stability of different alternative structures with coordination numbers ranging from 12 to 4. The potentials are expected to be easily transferable to different local environments encountered in atomistic simulations of lattice defects. [S0163-1829(99)05005-5]. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 59 TC 662 Z9 675 U1 5 U2 111 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 5 BP 3393 EP 3407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.3393 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 168NN UT WOS:000078699300034 ER PT J AU Feldman, JL Allen, PB Bickham, SR AF Feldman, JL Allen, PB Bickham, SR TI Numerical study of low-frequency vibrations in amorphous silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; VITREOUS SILICA; PROPAGATING MODES; GRUNEISEN PARAMETERS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; LOW-TEMPERATURES; THIN-FILMS; GLASSES; SI; LOCALIZATION AB Exact numerical vibrational eigenvectors and eigenvalues are studied for atomistic models of amorphous silicon (a-Si) with 216, 1000, and 4096 atoms in the periodic repeat unit. At the lowest frequencies, eigenvalues are sparse and eigenvectors are fairly plane-wave-like. However, some eigenvectors are "quasilocalized" or "resonant." They are temporarily trapped in local regions of undercoordination. The present paper finds the following. (1) The "quasilocalized" modes are to a large extent artifacts of the finite size of the model systems. (2) The lower energy modes of realistic models in the harmonic approximation are broadened versions of the corresponding crystalline acoustic vibrations, with fairly well-defined wave vectors Q. The intrinsic broadening due to glassy disorder increases rapidly with Q, until at intermediate frequencies a meaningful Q can no longer be assigned. (3) The intrinsic broadening due to disorder is strong enough to suppress thermal conductivity to the level seen experimentally, with no need for special anharmonic effects or localization, except for the influence of two-level systems on the modes at very low frequencies. (4) There is no inconsistency between the broadened propagating-wave description of low-energy modes and the occurrence of "excess modes" in specific heat or in spectra. However, amorphous silicon seems to have very few such excess modes. (5) "Excess modes'' and the plateau in kappa(T) are not closely related, since the former is absent and the latter present in both experiment and in our calculations for a-Si. Our analysis agrees closely with the recent study of amorphous SiO2 by Dell'Anna et al. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Aston, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Feldman, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Allen, Philip/A-4366-2008 NR 47 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 5 BP 3551 EP 3559 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.3551 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 168NN UT WOS:000078699300053 ER PT J AU Stoddard, RD Balbach, JJ Conradi, MS Skripov, AV AF Stoddard, RD Balbach, JJ Conradi, MS Skripov, AV TI Anomalous transverse-spin relaxation in ZrCr2Hx SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID C15-TYPE COMPOUNDS ZRCR2HX; HYDROGEN MOBILITY; DIFFUSION; SYSTEMS AB A detailed examination of the transverse nuclear-spin relaxation is presented for hydrogen in ZrCr2Hx with x = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5. One unusual aspect of the transverse relaxation is the relatively large linewidth at high temperatures, where the dipolar interactions are fully averaged. This residual linewidth varies with external field strength mon slowly than linearly, indicating the role of ferromagnetic impurities in addition to the more common susceptibility broadening. Spin echoes yield a T-2 measurement which substantially defeats the large residual linewidth. However, a second unusual aspect is that above 170 K, T-2(-1) reverses slope and starts to increase with increasing temperature, going through a maximum near 225 K. In the 170-225 K region, the measured T-2 varies with pulse spacing of the Carr-Purcell pulse train. The behavior of T-2(-1) cannot be explained by H-atom diffusion through field gradients from the particles' magnetization. The sample appears to become inhomogeneous above 170 K on a length scale of similar to 300 Angstrom, suggesting an unexpected phase transition in these materials. [S0163-1829(99)06805-8]. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Sverdlovsk 620219, Russia. RP Stoddard, RD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6122, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013 OI Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538 NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 5 BP 3769 EP 3774 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.3769 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 168NN UT WOS:000078699300074 ER PT J AU Lenzi, EK Mendes, RS Rajagopal, AK AF Lenzi, EK Mendes, RS Rajagopal, AK TI Quantum statistical mechanics for nonextensive systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; GAAS-ALAS HETEROSTRUCTURES; ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; THERMODYNAMICS AB The traditional basis of description of many-particle systems in terms of Green functions is here generalized to the case when the system is nonextensive, by incorporating the Tsallis form of the density matrix indexed by a nonextensive parameter q. This is accomplished by expressing the many-particle q Green function in terms of a parametric contour integral over a kernel multiplied by the usual grand canonical Green function which now depends on this parameter. We study one- and two-particle Green functions in detail. From the one-particle Green function, we deduce some experimentally observable quantities such as the one-particle momentum distribution function and the one-particle energy distribution function. Special forms of the two-particle Green functions are related to physical dynamical structure factors, some of which are studied here. We deduce different forms of sum rules in the q formalism. A diagrammatic representation of the q Green functions similar to the traditional ones follows because the equations of motion for both of these an formally similar. Approximation schemes for one-particle q Green functions such as Hartree and Hartree-Fock schemes are given as examples. This extension enables us to predict possible experimental tests for the validity of this framework by expressing some observable quantities in terms of the q averages. C1 Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, BR-22290 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Maringa, Dept Fis, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lenzi, EK (reprint author), Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, BR-22290 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 1999 VL 59 IS 2 BP 1398 EP 1407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.59.1398 PN A PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 169ZF UT WOS:000078779500022 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, TL TI Approximating chaotic time series through unstable periodic orbits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID NOISE-REDUCTION; CHUA CIRCUITS; SYNCHRONIZATION; SYSTEMS; COMMUNICATION; SIGNALS AB There are many noise reduction methods for chaotic signals, but most only work over a limited signal to noise range. If chaotic signals are to be used for communications, noise reduction techniques which can handle larger amounts of noise (or deterministic noise) are needed. Here I describe a method of approximating a chaotic signal by constructing possible sequences based on unstable periodic orbits. The approximation is good enough to distinguish between chaotic attractors, even when large amounts of noise are added to the chaotic signal. [S1063-651X(99)00202-0]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6343, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 1999 VL 59 IS 2 BP 1615 EP 1621 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.59.1615 PN A PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 169ZF UT WOS:000078779500047 ER PT J AU Ross, G Roberts, WO AF Ross, G Roberts, WO TI Acute elbow dislocation - On-site treatment SO PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ross, G (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. OI Roberts, William O/0000-0003-4517-4330 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0091-3847 J9 PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED JI Physician Sportsmed. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 27 IS 2 BP 121 EP 122 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 163NN UT WOS:000078412000019 PM 20086701 ER PT J AU Pawley, CJ Bodner, SE Dahlburg, JP Obenschain, SP Schmitt, AJ Sethian, JD Sullivan, CA Gardner, JH Aglitskiy, Y Chan, Y Lehecka, T AF Pawley, CJ Bodner, SE Dahlburg, JP Obenschain, SP Schmitt, AJ Sethian, JD Sullivan, CA Gardner, JH Aglitskiy, Y Chan, Y Lehecka, T TI Observation of Rayleigh-Taylor growth to short wavelengths on Nike SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID HYDRODYNAMIC INSTABILITY EXPERIMENTS; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; KRF LASER; DRIVE APPROACH; PERTURBATIONS; SIMULATION; PLASMAS; TARGETS; GAIN AB The uniform and smooth focal profile of the Nike KrF laser [S. Obenschain et al., Phys. Plasmas 3, 2098 (1996)] was used to ablatively accelerate 40 mu m thick polystyrene planar targets with pulse shaping to minimize shock heating of the compressed material. The foils had imposed small-amplitude sinusoidal wave perturbations of 60, 30, 20, and 12.5 mu m wavelength. The shortest wavelength is near the ablative stabilization cutoff for Rayleigh-Taylor growth. Modification of the saturated wave structure due to random laser imprint was observed. Excellent agreement was found between the two-dimensional simulations and experimental data for most cases where the laser imprint was not dominant. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)02302-2]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22310 USA. RP Pawley, CJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 1999 VL 6 IS 2 BP 565 EP 570 DI 10.1063/1.873201 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 159MF UT WOS:000078176800017 ER PT J AU Oliver, BV Ottinger, PF Rose, DV Hinshelwood, DD Neri, JM Young, FC AF Oliver, BV Ottinger, PF Rose, DV Hinshelwood, DD Neri, JM Young, FC TI Electron production in low pressure gas ionized by an intense proton beam SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; PUMPED XECL LASER; PULSED ION-BEAMS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; IONIZATION; TRANSPORT; DIAGNOSTICS; HE; NE AB Electron density measurements from previous ion-beam-induced gas ionization experiments [F. C. Young el al., Phys, Plasmas 1, 1700 (1994)] are re-analyzed and compared with a recent theoretical model [B. V. Oliver et al., Phys. Plasmas 3, 3267 (1996)]. Ionization is produced by a 1 MeV, 3.5 kA, 55 ns pulse-duration, proton beam, injected into He, Ne, or Ar gas in the 1 Torr pressure regime. Theoretical and numerical analysis indicates that, after an initial electron population is produced by ion beam impact, ionization is dominated by the background plasma electrons and is proportional to the beam stopping power. The predicted electron density agrees with the measured electron densities within the factor of 2 uncertainty in the measurement. However, in the case of Ar, the theoretically predicted electron densities are systematically greater than the measured values. The assumptions of a Maxwellian distribution for the background electrons and neglect of beam energy loss to discrete excitation and inner shell ionization in the model equations are considered as explanations for the discrepancy. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)00202-5]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oliver, BV (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 1999 VL 6 IS 2 BP 582 EP 590 DI 10.1063/1.873203 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 159MF UT WOS:000078176800019 ER PT J AU Amatucci, WE Ganguli, G Walker, DN Duncan, D AF Amatucci, WE Ganguli, G Walker, DN Duncan, D TI Wave and Joule heating in a rotating plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON TURBULENCE; VELOCITY-SHEAR; MAGNETIZED PLASMA; ELECTRIC-FIELD; FLOW; INSTABILITIES; ACCELERATION; IONOSPHERE; RESONANCE; PARTICLE AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate ion energization by the wave and Joule heating mechanisms in plasma with a radial electric field and an axial magnetic field subjected to increasing ion-neutral collision frequency. Wave and Joule heating regimes were isolated and a transition between the two regimes was observed as the ion-neutral collision frequency was varied. The data show that the dissipation of energy occurs via the mechanism operating on the shortest time scale. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)00102-0]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sachs Freeman Associates Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. RP Amatucci, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 1999 VL 6 IS 2 BP 619 EP 622 DI 10.1063/1.873207 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 159MF UT WOS:000078176800023 ER PT J AU Shinn, JL Badhwar, GD Xapsos, MA Cucinotta, FA Wilson, JW AF Shinn, JL Badhwar, GD Xapsos, MA Cucinotta, FA Wilson, JW TI An analysis of energy deposition in a tissue equivalent proportional counter onboard the space shuttle SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR FRAGMENTATION MODEL; GALACTIC COSMIC-RADIATION; TRANSPORT; SPECTRA; DISTRIBUTIONS; APPLICABILITY; FLUCTUATIONS; IONIZATION; EVENTS; SITES AB An improved prediction for space radiations in the lower earth orbits measured by the shuttle TEPC is obtained when energy loss straggling and chord length distribution of the detector are considered. A generalized analytic model is used to describe the energy deposition of direct ion interaction events in a micron-size detector. The transport calculation accounting for the shuttle configuration is accomplished by using a new version of HZETRN that has been extensively verified with laboratory and flight data. The agreement of predicted and measured lineal energy spectra is within 70% for the region above 2 keV/mu m but within a factor of 2.3 underpredicted for the region below this value. The inclusion of indirect delta ray events in the model is needed before possible causes for the underprediction below 2 keV/mu m can be assessed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Mat, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Space Radiat Anal Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shinn, JL (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Mat, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S1350-4487(98)00085-7 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 180RN UT WOS:000079399100003 PM 11542667 ER PT J AU McDonald, VK Rice, JA AF McDonald, VK Rice, JA TI Telesonar testbed - Advances in undersea wireless communications - New US navy instrument tests experimental signaling techniques, acoustic modems, and ocean transmission channels SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Space & Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP McDonald, VK (reprint author), USN, Space & Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 40 IS 2 BP 17 EP + PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 173WU UT WOS:000079003400003 ER PT J AU Gamezo, VN Desbordes, D Oran, ES AF Gamezo, VN Desbordes, D Oran, ES TI Two-dimensional reactive flow dynamics in cellular detonation waves SO SHOCK WAVES LA English DT Article DE detonation; cellular structure; unreacted pockets AB This investigation deals with the two-dimensional unsteady detonation characterized by the cellular structure resulting from trajectories of triple-shock configurations formed by the transverse waves and the leading shock front. The time-dependent reactive shock problem considered here is governed by a system of nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws coupled to a polytropic equation of state and a one-step Arrhenius chemical reaction rate with heat release. The numerical solution obtained allowed us to follow the dynamics of the cellular detonation front involving the triple points, transverse waves and unreacted pockets. The calculations show that the weak tracks observed inside the detonation cells around the points of collision of the triple-shock configurations arise from interactions between the transverse shocks and compression waves generated by the collision. The unreacted pockets of gas formed during the collisions of triple points change form when the activation energy increases. For the self sustained detonation considered here, the unreacted pockets burn inside the region independent of the downstream rarefaction; and thus the energy released supports the detonation propagation. The length of the region independent of the downstream is approximately the size of one or two detonation cell. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Poitiers, UPR 9028 CNRS, ENSMA, Lab Combust & Deton, F-86034 Poitiers, France. RP Gamezo, VN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 57 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-1287 J9 SHOCK WAVES JI Shock Waves PD FEB PY 1999 VL 9 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1007/s001930050134 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 173YC UT WOS:000079006500002 ER PT J AU Lewis, DJ Simnett, GM Brueckner, GE Howard, RA Lamy, PL Schwenn, R AF Lewis, DJ Simnett, GM Brueckner, GE Howard, RA Lamy, PL Schwenn, R TI Lasco observations of the coronal rotation SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; SOLAR CORONA; HOLES; EVOLUTION; EVENTS AB The near-rigid rotation of the corona above the differential rotation of the photosphere has important implications for the form of the global coronal magnetic field. The magnetic reconfiguring associated with the shear region where the rigidly-rotating coronal field lines interface with the differentially-rotating photospheric field lines could provide an important energy source for coronal heating. We present data on coronal rotation as a function of altitude provided by the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) instrument aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft. LASCO comprises of three coronagraphs (C1, C2, and C3) with nested fields of-view spanning 1.1 R. to 30 R.. An asymmetry in brightness, both of the Fe XIV emission line corona and of the broad-band electron scattered corona, has been observed to be stable over at least a one-year period spanning May 1996 to May 1997. This feature has presented a tracer for the coronal rotation and allowed period estimates to be made to beyond 15 R., up to 5 times further than previously recorded for the white-light corona. The difficulty in determining the extent of differential motion in the outer corona is demonstrated and latitudinally averaged rates formed and determined as a function of distance from the Sun. The altitude extent of the low latitude closed coronal field region is inferred from the determined rotation periods which is important to the ability of the solar atmosphere to retain energetic particles. For the inner green line corona (< 2 R.) we determine a synodic rotation period of (27.4 +/- 0.1) days, whereas, for the outer white-light corona, (> 2.5 R.) we determine a rotation period of (27.7 +/- 0.1) days. C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Astron Spatiale Lab, F-13376 Marseille, France. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37189 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Lewis, DJ (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 184 IS 2 BP 297 EP 315 DI 10.1023/A:1005128909539 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 186QT UT WOS:000079741000007 ER PT J AU Schechter, RS Simmonds, KE Batra, NK Mignogna, RB Delsanto, PP AF Schechter, RS Simmonds, KE Batra, NK Mignogna, RB Delsanto, PP TI Use of a transient wave propagation code for 3D simulation of cw radiated transducer fields SO ULTRASONICS LA English DT Article DE finite differences; numerical simulation; radiated fields; parallel computing; transducer ID CONNECTION MACHINE SIMULATION; VISUALIZATION; ULTRASOUND; PULSES AB In order to compute continuous wave (cw) ultrasonic wave fields in complex media, where analytical approaches are extremely difficult, numerical simulations on large computational grids must be employed. The use of a time domain code, normally used for transient wave propagation in heterogeneous media, is used here as a tool to simulate continuous wave fields. As a starting point, the case of the three-dimensional pressure field radiated from a circular aperture in water is computed. These numerical simulations are performed on a massively parallel computer and compared with experiment and known theory. The computations are performed on very large three-dimensional grids that span the near to the far field. As a trial case, a numerical computation of the radiated field from a continuous-wave excited transducer in a baffle is compared with an analytical evaluation using the Rayleigh surface integral and experiment. In addition, results are presented that show the effect of a small defect placed in the beam. To do this, a small cylindrical copper scatterer was placed in the near field, in both the computation and an accompanying experiment. These cases are done in preparation for using the same approach for computing cw fields radiated from a transducer into complex heterogeneous media. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Fis, Sez INFM, I-10129 Turin, Italy. RP Schechter, RS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM steve@pulsenrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0041-624X J9 ULTRASONICS JI Ultrasonics PD FEB PY 1999 VL 37 IS 2 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1016/S0041-624X(98)00053-5 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 175NC UT WOS:000079099700001 ER PT J AU Nagarajan, R Dutta, I Funn, JV Esmele, M AF Nagarajan, R Dutta, I Funn, JV Esmele, M TI Role of interfacial sliding on the longitudinal creep response of continuous fiber reinforced metal-matrix composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TMS Symposium on Processing-Structure-Property Relationship of Composite Interfaces CY FEB 15-18, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE interfacial sliding; creep deformation; micro-mechanical model; mechanisms ID ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; DIFFUSION; FRACTURE; STRENGTH; SLIP AB Experiments have been conducted on a model single Ni fiber reinforced Pb-matrix composite in order to detect the effect of interfacial sliding during creep under axial tension. This was achieved by separately measuring the axial fiber and matrix strains during creep deformation. The fiber and matrix were observed to strain differentially, this being accommodated by interfacial sliding near the ends of the fiber where the interfacial shear stress is large. Prior work on single fiber push-down creep of Ni fiber-Pb matrix composites has shown that the interface slides by diffusional creep with a threshold stress (Bingham flow). Based on this constitutive law for interfacial sliding, a unidimensional micro-mechanical model for thermo-mechanical deformation of continuous fiber reinforced metal-matrix composites is developed. The results show that during tensile creep, interfacial sliding is typically confined to the extremities of the tensile sample, allowing the isostrain condition to be valid over the tested gauge length. However, with increasing fiber diameter and decreasing gauge length, significant interfacial shear stresses may develop well away from the extremities of the sample, allowing differential matrix and fiber strains land hence interfacial sliding) even within the gauge length. When interfacial sliding occurs within the gauge length, the composite creep rate is finite even after long times, whereas in the absence of interfacial sliding, the composite creep rate continuously decreases and eventually vanishes with time. These effects are considered to be of particular importance during deformation in the absence of end-constraints, e.g. during thermal cycling or flexural creep of composites. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 31 PY 1999 VL 259 IS 2 BP 237 EP 252 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00896-X PG 16 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 162ET UT WOS:000078333100010 ER PT J AU Hook, VYH Sei, C Yasothornsrikul, S Toneff, T Kang, YH Efthimiopoulos, S Robakis, NK Van Nostrand, W AF Hook, VYH Sei, C Yasothornsrikul, S Toneff, T Kang, YH Efthimiopoulos, S Robakis, NK Van Nostrand, W TI The kunitz protease inhibitor form of the amyloid precursor protein (KPI/APP) inhibits the proneuropeptide processing enzyme prohormone thiol protease (PTP) - Colocalization of KPI/APP and PTP in secretory vesicles SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENKEPHALIN-CONTAINING PEPTIDES; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CHROMAFFIN GRANULES; ADRENAL-MEDULLA; NEXIN-II; CYSTEINE PROTEASE; NERVE-TERMINALS; FULL-LENGTH; PURIFICATION; DOMAIN AB Proteolytic processing of proenkephalin and proneuropeptides is required for the production of active neurotransmitters and peptide hormones. Variations in the extent of proenkephalin processing in vivo suggest involvement of endogenous protease inhibitors. This study demonstrates that "protease nexin 2 (PN2)," the secreted form of the kunitz protease inhibitor (KPI) of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), potently inhibited the proenkephalin processing enzyme known as prohormone thiol protease (PTP), with a K-i,K-app of 400 nM. Moreover, PTP and PN2 formed SDS-stable complexes that are typical of kunitz protease inhibitor interactions with target proteases, In vivo, KPI/APP (120 kDa), as well as a truncated form of KPI/APP that resembles PN2 in apparent molecular mass (110 kDa), were colocalized with PTP and (Met)enkephalin in secretary vesicles of adrenal medulla (chromaffin granules). KPI/APP (110-120 kDa) was also detected in pituitary secretory vesicles that contain PTP, In chromaffin cells, calcium-dependent secretion of KPI/APP with PTP and (Met)enkephalin demonstrated the colocalization of these components in functional secretory vesicles. These results suggest a role for KPI/APP inhibition of PTP in regulated secretory vesicles. In addition, these results are the first to identify an endogenous protease target of KPI/APP, which is developmentally regulated in aging and Alzheimer's disease. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Mol Genet, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Fishberg Ctr Neurobiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Hook, VYH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, 9500 Gilman Dr 0822, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Efthimiopoulos, Spiros/H-3956-2013 OI Efthimiopoulos, Spiros/0000-0001-9244-4570 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL49566]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA04271]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS24553] NR 70 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JAN 29 PY 1999 VL 274 IS 5 BP 3165 EP 3172 DI 10.1074/jbc.274.5.3165 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 161ZB UT WOS:000078319500074 PM 9915856 ER PT J AU Rind, D Lean, J Healy, R AF Rind, D Lean, J Healy, R TI Simulated time-dependent climate response to solar radiative forcing since 1600 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL CLIMATE; IRRADIANCE VARIATIONS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; MAUNDER MINIMUM; CO2 CLIMATE; MODEL; VARIABILITY; RECONSTRUCTION; SENSITIVITY; IMPACT AB Estimated solar irradiance variations since 1500 have been used to force the GISS atmospheric GCM coupled to a mixed layer "q-flux" ocean with heat diffusion through the bottom of the mixed layer. The goal is to assess solar-induced climate change in preindustrial and postindustrial epochs. Six simulations and control runs were made to test the effects of different initial conditions, estimates of initial solar forcing conditions, and ocean heat uptake. The results show that an estimated solar forcing increase of 0.25% accounts for a 0.45 degrees C temperature increase since 1600 and an increase of about 0.2 degrees C over the past 100 years. Global surface temperatures lag solar fluctuations by up to 10 years; the lag is greater over the oceans and so is the correlation due to reduced noise. With only a mixed layer ocean the phase lag is 5 years less. Solar forcing and water vapor feedback each directly account for 35% of the temperature response, with cloud cover changes contributing 20% and sea ice/snow cover 10%. Uncertainty in the initial radiation imbalance or solar forcing affects the surface temperatures for 60-90 years. Modeled and observed periodicities show dominance of long-period forcing (>50 years), as provided by the solar input in these experiments. Tropical temperatures correlate best with solar forcing, due to the influence of water vapor feedback, especially at these multidecadal periods. Sea ice and extratropical temperatures have less long-period power, while high-frequency fluctuations dominate simulated cloud cover variations, which are relatively independent of solar forcing changes. Global and extratropical precipitation increase as the climate warms, but not low and subtropical precipitation, due to conflicting influences of absolute temperature and temperature gradient changes. Solar forcing by itself was not sufficient to produce the rapid warming during the last several decades. A comparison experiment varying trace gas forcing suggests that if the solar estimate is correct, then negative forcing by tropospheric aerosols (and perhaps volcanoes, ozone, and land use changes) has been about -1.2 W m(-)2 since 1700, implying approximately equal contribution from direct and indirect tropospheric aerosol effects. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10027 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM drind@giss.nasa.gov RI Healy, Richard/J-9214-2015; OI Healy, Richard/0000-0002-5098-8921; Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 45 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D2 BP 1973 EP 1990 DI 10.1029/1998JD200020 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160QJ UT WOS:000078242200003 ER PT J AU Veefkind, JP de Leeuw, G Durkee, PA Russell, PB Hobbs, PV Livingston, JM AF Veefkind, JP de Leeuw, G Durkee, PA Russell, PB Hobbs, PV Livingston, JM TI Aerosol optical depth retrieval using ATSR-2 and AVHRR data during TARFOX SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; RADIANCE; OCEAN; ALGORITHM; SYSTEM AB Satellite retrieved aerosol optical properties are compared to aircraft measurements for a case study during the Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment (TARFOX). Two satellite instruments are used: the Along Track Scanning Radiometer 2 (ATSR-2) and the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR). The aerosol optical depth in the mid-visible (0.555 mu m) retrieved from the ATSR-2 data agrees within 0.03 with colocated sunphotometer measurements. Also, the spectral behavior of the aerosol optical depth is retrieved accurately. Good correlation is found between aerosol optical depths for AVHRR channel 1 (0.64 mu m) and sunphotometer derived values, but the satellite retrieved values are 0.05 to 0.15 lower. The Angstrom wavelength exponent is determined both from the ATSR-2 and the AVHRR data. The ATSR-2 derived Angstrom exponents are in good agreement with the values computed from the sunphotometer data. The Angstrom exponents determined from AVHRR data show very large variations. Both the ATSR-2 and the AVHRR aerosol optical depth images show a large gradient. Vertical profile data of temperature, relative humidity, and particle scattering indicate that this gradient is probably caused by changes in the dry aerosol properties, rather than a change in the relative humidity. C1 TNO, Phys & Elect Lab, NL-2609 JG The Hague, Netherlands. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP TNO, Phys & Elect Lab, POB 96864, NL-2609 JG The Hague, Netherlands. EM veefkind@fel.tno.nl; deleeuw@fel.tno.nl NR 22 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D2 BP 2253 EP 2260 DI 10.1029/98JD02816 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160QJ UT WOS:000078242200030 ER PT J AU Russell, PB Livingston, JM Hignett, P Kinne, S Wong, J Chien, A Bergstrom, R Durkee, P Hobbs, PV AF Russell, PB Livingston, JM Hignett, P Kinne, S Wong, J Chien, A Bergstrom, R Durkee, P Hobbs, PV TI Aerosol-induced radiative flux changes off the United States mid-Atlantic coast: Comparison of values calculated from sunphotometer and in situ data with those measured by airborne pyranometer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL DEPTH; SENSITIVITY; ASSUMPTIONS; INVERSION; MODEL; CODE AB The Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment (TARFOX) measured a variety of aerosol radiative effects (including flux changes) while simultaneously measuring the chemical, physical, and optical properties of the responsible aerosol particles. Here we use TARFOX-determined aerosol and surface properties to compute shortwave radiative flux changes for a variety of aerosol situations, with midvisible optical depths ranging from 0.06 to 0.55. We calculate flux changes by several techniques with varying degrees of sophistication, in part to investigate the sensitivity of results to computational approach. We then compare computed flux changes to those determined from aircraft measurements. Calculations using several approaches yield downward and upward flux changes that agree with measurements. The agreement demonstrates closure (i.e., consistency) among the TARFOX-derived aerosol properties, modeling techniques, and radiative flux measurements. Agreement between calculated and measured downward flux changes is best when the aerosols are modeled as moderately absorbing (midvisible single-scattering albedos between about 0.89 and 0.93), in accord with independent measurements of the TARFOX aerosol. The calculated values for instantaneous daytime upwelling flux changes are in the range +14 to +48 W m(-2) for midvisible optical depths between 0.2 and 0.55. These values are about 39 to 100 times the global-average direct forcing expected for the global-average sulfate aerosol optical depth of 0.04. The reasons for the larger flux changes in TARFOX include the relatively large optical depths and the focus on cloud-free, daytime conditions over the dark ocean surface. These are the conditions that produce major aerosol radiative forcing events and contribute to any global-average climate effect. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Meteorol Off, Meteorol Res Flight, DRA Farnborough, Farnborough GU14 6TD, Hants, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys, Atmospher Sci Program, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. Symtech Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94122 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM prussell@mail.arc.nasa.gov; kinne@spmer.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 30 TC 139 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D2 BP 2289 EP 2307 DI 10.1029/1998JD200025 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160QJ UT WOS:000078242200033 ER PT J AU Galoppini, E Gilardi, R AF Galoppini, E Gilardi, R TI Weak hydrogen bonding between acetylenic groups: the formation of diamondoid nets in the crystal structure of tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)methane SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR TECTONICS; SOLIDS AB The crystal structure of tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)methane 1 shows interwoven diamondoid lattices formed by weak hydrogen bonds between the acetylenic groups, while 1,3,5,7-tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)adamant 2 crystallizes in a non-symmetrical network. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Galoppini, E (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM galoppin@andromeda.rutgers.edu NR 15 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD JAN 21 PY 1999 IS 2 BP 173 EP 174 DI 10.1039/a807993e PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 162KB UT WOS:000078344000031 ER PT J AU Koo, KP Tveten, AB Vohra, ST AF Koo, KP Tveten, AB Vohra, ST TI Dense wavelength division multiplexing of fibre Bragg grating sensors using CDMA SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The dense wavelength division multiplexing of fibre Bragg grating sensors is demonstrated by combining code division and wavelength division multiplexing schemes. This approach allows close spectral spacing among Bragg grating sensors without sensor spectral dynamic range limitation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Koo, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 21 PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 165 EP 167 DI 10.1049/el:19990135 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 167HW UT WOS:000078627300049 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Effect of heat transfer law on the performance of a generalized irreversible Carnot engine SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TIME THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; FINITE-TIME; INTERNAL IRREVERSIBILITY; BRAYTON CYCLE; POWER; EFFICIENCY AB In it classical endoreversible Carnot engine model, irreversibility in the form of heat resistance between the reversible Carnot cycle and its heat reservoirs is taken into account. This paper presents a generalized irreversible Carnot engine model that incorporates several internal irreversibilities, such as heat leak, friction, turbulence etc. These added irreversibilities are characterized by a constant parameter and a constant coefficient. The relation between optimal power output and efficiency is derived based on a generalized heat transfer law Q proportional to Delta(T-n). The effect of heat leakage, internal irreversibility and heat transfer law on the optimal performance of the generalized irreversible heat engine is investigated. C1 Naval Acad Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Acad Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 20 TC 89 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JAN 21 PY 1999 VL 32 IS 2 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/32/2/006 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 164EB UT WOS:000078448700006 ER PT J AU Vrba, FJ Luginbuhl, CB Jennings, MC Hartmann, DH AF Vrba, FJ Luginbuhl, CB Jennings, MC Hartmann, DH TI The optical contents of the IPN1 localization of GRB 790325b: The discovery of a probable QSO association SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; gamma rays : observations ID RAY BURSTER COUNTERPARTS; EVOLUTION; COUNTS AB We report the results of the deepest imaging survey yet carried out of the IPN1 localization of gamma-ray burst (GRB) 790325b. While this is one of the smallest of the IPN1 GRB localizations, it has been previously surveyed only to shallow limits because of the nearby bright (V = 4.97) star 104 Herculis. We have used a camera with a 9 mag neutral density region in front of a Tek 2048(2) CCD to apodize the light of 104 Her and allow deep UBVI imaging of the localization. The observations, obtained at the US Naval Observatory 1.55 m telescope to a detection limit of V approximate to 22.9, reveal 20 objects clearly within or at the edge of the localization. Near the center of the localization is a QSO candidate that is unlikely (approximate to 97% confidence) to be a random occurrence based on known QSO statistics. Combining these new statistics with earlier summed statistics linking QSOs/blue galaxies with IPN1 localizations yields a marginal (approximate to 96% confidence) overall correlation. We also compare our observational results for this field with another recent imaging survey of GRB 790325b based on HST data and discuss the differences in the results. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Vrba, FJ (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 1999 VL 511 IS 1 BP 298 EP 303 DI 10.1086/306669 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176NL UT WOS:000079157900029 ER PT J AU Aurass, H Vourlidas, A Andrews, MD Thompson, BJ Howard, RH Mann, G AF Aurass, H Vourlidas, A Andrews, MD Thompson, BJ Howard, RH Mann, G TI Nonthermal radio signatures of coronal disturbances with and without coronal mass ejections SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : radio radiation; Sun : UV radiation ID SOLAR-FLARES; TELESCOPE; MISSION AB This study presents data on two events from the Extreme-UV Imaging Telescope (EIT) and the Large Angle and Spectroscopic Coronagraph instruments (C1, C2, and C3), Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) soft X-ray data, and 40-800 MHz radio spectra of the Astrophysical Institute Potsdam. At first glance, the two events appear similar. However, one event decays after a flare-related ejection of cold and hot matter into the lower corona causing only brightness changes in EIT and C1, while the other event marks the onset of a coronal mass ejection (CME) that propagates with a leading-edge speed of approximate to 530 km s(-1) between 2 and 30 R-.. The radio data reveal two differences between the CME and non-CME events: (1) a characteristic faint type III burst group in the time interval with the first clearly CME-related structural change in the coronagraph images and (2) a continuum emission with a frequency drift during the passage of the CME matter through the C1 field of view. Furthermore, we show that the radio spectral data can provide essential information on the timing of the early stages of CME formation and the initial mass motions associated with the ejection. C1 George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Observ Solare Radioastron, Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. RP Aurass, H (reprint author), Observ Solare Radioastron, Astrophys Inst Potsdam, Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; NR 39 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 1999 VL 511 IS 1 BP 451 EP 465 DI 10.1086/306653 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176NL UT WOS:000079157900045 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Laming, JM Doschek, GA Warren, HP Golub, L AF Feldman, U Laming, JM Doschek, GA Warren, HP Golub, L TI On the ability of an extreme-ultraviolet multilayer normal-incidence telescope to provide temperature information for solar plasmas SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : atmosphere; Sun : flares; telescopes ID RADIATION; CORONA AB In recent years, multilayer-coated optics have been used in solar-soft X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet telescopes to record high-resolution, full Sun images. The multilayer coatings reflect efficiently over rather narrow wavelength bands that are selected to contain spectral emission lines considered to have plasma diagnostic importance for determining approximate electron temperatures. The purpose of this Letter is to discuss the effect of continuum emission on the response of multilayer passbands and the effect of this response on temperature determinations in the 4 x 10(6)-2 x 10(7) K range. Significant effects are largely confined to continuum emission from flare plasma. The flare free-free continuum in the EUV range is nearly temperature and wavelength insensitive and dominates the emission in passbands that are centered on quiet- to active-Sun coronal lines emitted by ions such as Fe IX-Fe XV. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sachs Freeman Associates Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 1999 VL 511 IS 1 BP L61 EP L64 DI 10.1086/311835 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176NM UT WOS:000079158000016 ER PT J AU Jordan, SA AF Jordan, SA TI A large-eddy simulation methodology in generalized curvilinear coordinates SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT FLOWS; MODEL AB A generalized curvilinear coordinate formulation for the large-eddy simulation (LES) that centers on the fact that two spatial operations are necessary to complete the derivation is proposed. The recommended order of operations is to transform the full resolution system prior to filtering. This sequence rationally directs the filter operation along the curvilinear lines, thereby facilitating explicit evaluation of the Leonard stress and its isolation from the relative errors associated with the finite-difference approximations of the convective derivative. Representing the transformation metrics as filtered quantities in the formulation is justified through their numerical approximation. The generalized LES formulation was tested using direct numerical simulation results of the circular cylinder near wake at Re = 3400. No discernible differences were detected in the spectral energies of the turbulent fluctuations by filtering in either the physical domain or the transformed space. However, the latter filtering scheme was considerably cheaper. In the transformed space, high-order numerical approximations are required for the convective derivatives to inhibit overshadowing of the concurrent contributions by the Leonard stress at all wave-numbers. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Jordan, SA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 8322,Bldg 1246, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM jordan@code83.npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 26 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 20 PY 1999 VL 148 IS 2 BP 322 EP 340 DI 10.1006/jcph.1998.6112 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 158UA UT WOS:000078134300002 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Chu, PC Fan, CW TI A three-point sixth-order nonuniform combined compact difference scheme SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A three-point nonuniform combined compact difference (NCCD) scheme with sixth-order accuracy is proposed for numerical models. The NCCD scheme is a generalization of the previously proposed combined compact difference (CCD) scheme with a global Hermitan polynomial spline and has major improved features such as error and computational (CPU) time reduction. For nonperiodic boundaries, additional sixth- or fifth-order nonuniform boundary conditions are proposed. The NCCD scheme with either sixth- or fifth-order additional boundary conditions can increase the accuracy and decrease the CPU time about 1-2 orders of magnitude, compared to the CCD scheme. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM chu@nps.navy.mil NR 9 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 20 PY 1999 VL 148 IS 2 BP 663 EP 674 DI 10.1006/jcph.1998.6141 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 158UA UT WOS:000078134300016 ER PT J AU Carslaw, KS Peter, T Bacmeister, JT Eckermann, SD AF Carslaw, KS Peter, T Bacmeister, JT Eckermann, SD TI Widespread solid particle formation by mountain waves in the Arctic stratosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; CLOUD FORMATION; AEROSOLS; LIQUID; DEPLETION AB Observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) by lidar show that the clouds often contain solid particles, which are most likely composed of nitric acid hydrates. However, laboratory experiments indicate that such hydrate particles are not easily formed under Arctic synoptic scale conditions, suggesting that solid PSC particles should be rather rare. Here we show results from a model study indicating that mountain-induced mesoscale temperature perturbations may be an important source of nitric acid hydrate particles in the Arctic. Multiple Arctic vortex trajectories were combined with a global mountain wave forecast model to calculate the potential for solid particle formation during December and January 1994/1995. The mountain wave model was used to calculate adiabatic cooling over several thousand ridge elements. Nitric acid hydrate particles were assumed to form in the mountain waves according to several microphysical mechanisms, and were then advected using polar vortex-filling synoptic trajectories to generate maps of solid particle occurrence. The calculations show that mountain waves may be a significant source of PSCs containing solid particles that are observed on the synoptic scale. In particular, the east coast of Greenland, the Norwegian mountains, and the Urals are found to be solid particle sources, with the PSCs often predicted to survive several thousand kilometers downstream. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Carslaw, KS (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Postfach 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. EM carslaw@mpch-mainz.mpg.de; peter@mpch-mainz.mpg.de; bacmj@janus.gsfc.nasa.gov; eckerman@ismap4.nrl.navy.mil RI Carslaw, Ken/C-8514-2009 OI Carslaw, Ken/0000-0002-6800-154X NR 39 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 20 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D1 BP 1827 EP 1836 DI 10.1029/1998JD100033 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 159RU UT WOS:000078188700020 ER PT J AU Fang, JY Gehlert, U Shashidar, R Knobler, CM AF Fang, JY Gehlert, U Shashidar, R Knobler, CM TI Imaging the azimuthal tilt order in monolayers by liquid crystal optical amplification SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID DOMAINS; PHASES AB Monolayers of the amphiphile 1-monopalmitoyl-rac-glycerol at the air-water interface assemble into domains in which the molecular tilt azimuth is organized into star-shaped patterns. When the domains are transferred to solid supports as Langmuir-Blodgett films, they are capable of producing a macroscopic azimuthal orientation of nematic liquid crystals, which allows the order in the monolayer to be observed by polarized optical microscopy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Fang, JY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 19 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 2 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.1021/la9812929 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 160KD UT WOS:000078228700003 ER PT J AU Dinsmore, AD Yodh, AG AF Dinsmore, AD Yodh, AG TI Entropic confinement of colloidal spheres in corners on silicon substrates SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURE; MIXTURES; DETERMINANT; REACTIVITY; FORCE AB We have investigated depletion effects among dispersed, submicron, polystyrene spheres of two different sizes near a faceted silicon substrate. The larger spheres were confined to the corners where two silicon facets intersected (as where a wall meets a floor). The entropic confinement potential increased by 1.2k(B)T when the small-sphere volume fraction was increased by 14% to 0.37. Large-sphere crystallites nucleated along the corner and grew out along the flat surfaces before crystals nucleated on the flat surface or in the bulk. The results demonstrate a novel way to sort particles or to organize them along geometric features in a substrate for microfabrication. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Dinsmore, AD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6930,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 19 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 2 BP 314 EP 316 DI 10.1021/la981243w PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 160KD UT WOS:000078228700007 ER PT J AU Kral, MV Spanos, G AF Kral, MV Spanos, G TI Three-dimensional analysis of proeutectoid cementite precipitates SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID SYMPATHETIC NUCLEATION; MORPHOLOGY; PLATES AB Serial sectioning and computer-aided visualization of three-dimensional reconstructions were used to reveal the three-dimensional morphology, connectivity and distribution of proeutectoid cementite precipitates in a model Fe-1.34% C-13.0% Mn alloy. Only dendritic grain boundary precipitates and Widmanstatten precipitate morphologies were observed in the present alloy. Unlike earlier morphological studies of similar alloys, intragranular precipitates were not observed. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of deeply etched specimens corroborated and augmented these results. Three-dimensional analysis has also made possible the first quantitative three-dimensional measurements of cementite precipitates and yielded a more precise classification of cementite precipitates than was possible with classical two-dimensional techniques. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Acta Metallurgica Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kral, MV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Code 6324, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kral, Milo/C-2904-2009 NR 37 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 47 IS 2 BP 711 EP 724 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00321-8 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 164RF UT WOS:000078476800029 ER PT J AU Rowe, CA Scruggs, SB Feldstein, MJ Golden, JP Ligler, FS AF Rowe, CA Scruggs, SB Feldstein, MJ Golden, JP Ligler, FS TI An array immunosensor for simultaneous detection of clinical analytes SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; FIBRIN DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; D-DIMER; WHOLE-BLOOD; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; YERSINIA-PESTIS; BIOSENSOR; PLASMA; IMMUNOASSAY AB A fluorescence-based immunosensor has been developed for simultaneous analysis of multiple samples. A patterned array of recognition elements immobilized on the surface of a planar waveguide is used to "capture" analyte present in samples; bound analyte is then quantified by means of fluorescent detector molecules. Upon excitation of the fluorescent label by a small diode laser, a CCD camera detects the pattern of fluorescent antigen:antibody complexes on the sensor surface. Image analysis software correlates the position of fluorescent signals with the identity of the analyte. This immunosensor was used to detect physiologically relevant concentrations of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), F1 antigen from Yersinia pestis, and D-dimer, a marker of sepsis and thrombotic disorders, in spiked clinical samples. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geoctr Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 51 TC 216 Z9 231 U1 4 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 2 BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.1021/ac980798t PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 158GY UT WOS:000078108700022 PM 9949731 ER PT J AU Hudes, GR Lipsitz, S Grem, J Morrisey, M Weiner, L Kugler, JW Benson, A AF Hudes, GR Lipsitz, S Grem, J Morrisey, M Weiner, L Kugler, JW Benson, A TI A phase II study of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and interferon-alpha in the treatment of patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric carcinoma - An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study (E5292) SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY MAY 20-23, 1995 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol DE gastric carcinoma; 9-fluorouracil; interferon; chemotherapy ID FOLINIC ACID; COLORECTAL-CARCINOMA; FLUOROURACIL; CANCER; TRIAL; COMBINATION; ALFA-2A AB BACKGROUND. Chemotherapy has a limited impact on adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Although biochemical modulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by leucovorin (LV) and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) has improved the outcomes of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma compared with 5-FU alone, this approach has not been extensively evaluated in the treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma. METHODS. Twenty-seven patients with bidimensionally measurable, metastatic gastric carcinoma and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 received the combination of IFN-alpha (5 million U/m(2) administered subcutaneously daily on Days 1-7), LV (500 mg/m(2) administered intravenously over 30 minutes immediately after IFN-alpha on Days 2-6), and 5-FU (370 mg/m(2) given as an intravenous bolus 60 minutes after LV on Days 2-6), with treatment repeated every 4 weeks. Oral cryotherapy was administered routinely before each dose of 5-FU to reduce the incidence of severe stomatitis. RESULTS. The median age of the patients was 58 years (range, 20-76), and 22 patients had residual, unresectable primary lesions. The median number of cycles received was 3 (range, 1-11). Of 24 patients who received at least 2 cycles of treatment, 15 (62.5%) did not require dose reduction for toxicity during the initial 2 cycles. The predominant toxicities were gastrointestinal: diarrhea and stomatitis of Grade 3-4 occurred in 28.6% and 35.7% of patients, respectively. Other severe (Grade 3-4) toxicities were granulocytopenia (which occurred in 21.4% of patients) and fatigue (in 10.7%). Fever and flu-like symptoms were common but usually mild. Of 24 patients who were evaluable for response, 3 had partial responses (PR) of 16, 23, and 33 weeks' duration, respectively, for a response rate of 12.5% (95% confidence interval = 2.7-32.4%). Two additional patients had reductions in tumor size sufficient for PR, but scans to document the minimum required response duration of 4 weeks were not obtained before progressive disease occurred. The median progression-free and overall survivals were 2.5 and 7.8 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS, Although this regimen can be administered safely with appropriate supportive care to patients with good performance status, it has limited therapeutic activity in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma. (C) 1999 American Cancer Society. C1 Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Div Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NCI, Med Branch, USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Illinois Oncol Res Assoc, Peoria, IL USA. Northwestern Univ, Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Hudes, GR (reprint author), Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, 7701 Burholme Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA18281, CA23318, CA21076] NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 85 IS 2 BP 290 EP 294 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19990115)85:2<290::AID-CNCR4>3.0.CO;2-P PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 160AP UT WOS:000078208400004 PM 10023694 ER PT J AU Eckermann, SD AF Eckermann, SD TI Isentropic advection by gravity waves: Quasi-universal M-3 vertical wavenumber spectra near the onset of instability SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; INTERNAL WAVES; SATURATION AB A two-dimensional model was used to advect air parcels under the influence of a linear superposition of hydrostatic gravity waves. As wave amplitudes increased, vertically profiled wave perturbations became nonsinusoidal, producing increased spectral power at large wavenumbers M. At saturation amplitudes just before onset of convective instabilities, these "tail spectra" assumed universal M-3 shapes, similar to observed spectra in the-atmosphere and oceans. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Eckermann, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7641-2, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 2 BP 201 EP 204 DI 10.1029/1998GL900283 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 160JE UT WOS:000078226200016 ER PT J AU Slivken, S Litvinov, VI Razeghi, M Meyer, JR AF Slivken, S Litvinov, VI Razeghi, M Meyer, JR TI Relaxation kinetics in quantum cascade lasers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS; WELLS; DEPENDENCE; GAIN AB Relaxation kinetics in a quantum cascade intersubband laser are investigated. Distribution functions and gain spectra of a three-subband double-quantum-well active region are obtained as a function of temperature and injection current. The potentially important role of the nonequilibrium phonons at lasing threshold is shown and discussed in details. It is shown that the threshold current is strongly dependent of the power dissipated in the active region in steady state. The numerical calculations for an 8.5 mu m laser illustrate the general issues of relaxation kinetics in quantum cascade lasers. Temperature dependence of the threshold current is obtained in a good agreement with the experiments. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)00702-1]. C1 Northwestern Univ, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Slivken, S (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM ltv@ece.nwu.edu; razeghi@ece.nwu.edu RI Slivken, Steven/B-7273-2009; Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009; litvinov, vladimir/A-8506-2015; OI Litvinov, Vladimir/0000-0002-1094-7295 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 85 IS 2 BP 665 EP 671 DI 10.1063/1.369200 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 152TJ UT WOS:000077792600004 ER PT J AU Maltez, RL Liliental-Weber, Z Washburn, J Behar, M Klein, PB Specht, P Weber, ER AF Maltez, RL Liliental-Weber, Z Washburn, J Behar, M Klein, PB Specht, P Weber, ER TI Structural and photoluminescence studies of Er implanted Be doped and undoped low-temperature grown GaAs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ERBIUM; EPITAXY AB Characteristic 1.54 mu m Er3+ emission has been observed from Er-implanted and annealed, low-temperature grown GaAs Be doped and undoped samples. Er plateau implantations (480, 155, and 40 keV successive implants) were performed at 300 degrees C covering calculated Er concentrations from 10(18) up to 10(20) Er/cm(3). Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy studies reveal very little structural damage for these elevated temperature implants up to an Er total fluence of 1.36 X 10(14) Er/cm(2). No Er emission was observed from any of the as-implanted samples but it was observed after postimplantation annealings at 650 and 750 degrees C temperatures. The Er emission was significantly more intense after 650 degrees C anneals, for Be doped samples, and after 750 degrees C anneals for undoped samples. It appears on top of a broad background luminescence associated with midgap states. The Er emission intensity was found to scale linearly with the total Er implantation fluence up to Er concentration of similar to 10(19) Er/cm(3). Er precipitation was observed after 750 degrees C annealing for 10(19) Er/cm(3) samples, but could be observed for 10(20) Er/cm(3) Er-doped samples even after a 650 degrees C anneal. These precipitates are most likely ErAs. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)07402-2]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UFRGS, Inst Fis, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Maltez, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Maltez, Rogerio/K-1173-2016 OI Maltez, Rogerio/0000-0002-8653-6118 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 85 IS 2 BP 1105 EP 1113 DI 10.1063/1.369236 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 152TJ UT WOS:000077792600068 ER PT J AU Sletten, MA Marmorino, GO Donato, TF McLaughlin, DJ Twarog, E AF Sletten, MA Marmorino, GO Donato, TF McLaughlin, DJ Twarog, E TI An airborne, real aperture radar study of the Chesapeake Bay outflow plume SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID FRONTS; CIRCULATION; EXCHANGE AB An airborne, real aperture radar (RAR) has been used to study the fronts associated with the Chesapeake Bay outflow plume during spring outflow conditions. The RAR produced images of the ocean surface with a range resolution of 10 m, an azimuthal resolution of approximately 30 m, and an image size of 2.5 km x 24 km. Two sampling strategies were utilized: one to synoptically map the entire mouth of the Chesapeake Bay at roughly hourly intervals; and a second to capture the rapid evolution of particular features. In addition, flight times were chosen such that over the course of the entire experiment, data were collected over all phases of the semidiurnal tidal cycle. Three distinct frontal signatures were observed in the imagery. A primary front extended from inside the estuary along the Chesapeake Channel to an anticyclonic turning region east of Cape Henry, and then extended southward along the coast toward Cape Hatteras. This is the classic expression of the plume front, inertial turning region, and coastal jet. A second front with a north-south orientation was observed approximately 20 km east of the bay mouth. This secondary front appears to mark the residual offshore density gradient. A third front was identified east and south of Cape Henry, within 2 km of the coast. This front appears to mark the inshore edge of the plume and has not been documented previously. Time sequences of the imagery indicate that when moving in a clockwise sense around the primary front, the frontal translation speed varies systematically from 20 cm/s in the northern section to 50 cm/s in the south. The position of the primary front and the locations and trajectories of small-scale frontal cusps suggest that bathymetry may be both a significant determinant of the front location as well as a source of along-front variability. These observations are possible due to the airborne RAR's ability to collect high-frame rate image sequences, a capability that,is not shared by present space-based radar systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dana Res Ctr 409, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Sletten, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7250,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 104 IS C1 BP 1211 EP 1222 DI 10.1029/1998JC900034 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 158LE UT WOS:000078116300002 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Lyzenga, DR Kaiser, JAC AF Marmorino, GO Lyzenga, DR Kaiser, JAC TI Comparison of airborne synthetic aperture radar imagery with in situ surface-slope measurements across Gulf Stream slicks and a convergent front SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CAPE-HATTERAS; OCEAN SURFACE; WAVE SPECTRA; FILMS; SEA; LAYER AB Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery showing two types of features near the inshore edge of the Gulf Stream are compared with nearly simultaneous estimates of the sea surface slope held derived from optical shipboard measurements. One class: of feature consists of a set of narrow, dark lines having radar signal modulations of about -10 dB at L band. These modulations are comparable to those observed in the in situ wave-slope data over wavenumbers corresponding to the radar-resonant Bragg waves. These modulations are also predicted by a simplified equilibrium wave spectrum model using a surface elasticity of about 25 mN/m (as determined from in situ measurements of surface tension) and a wind friction velocity of about 10 cm/s (from buoy and shipboard measurements). These results support Lyzenga and Malmorino's [1998] inference that the Gulf Stream dark lines represent relatively passive, biogenically derived surfactant slicks that are advected and strained by the large-scale surface flow field. The second class of feature consists of a pair of bright-dark signatures over the shallow continental shelf region near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. These features are characterized by signal modulations of about +4 and -4 dB in bath the L band SAR and in situ data. These modulations appear to be due to the interaction of surface waves with the current convergence and divergence regions associated with a rotary circulation in a shallow convergent front. Model calculations of this interaction by Lyzenga [1998] indicate that the positive perturbations associated with current convergence should be relatively independent of the wavenumber, which is in approximate agreement with the in situ measurements of the present paper. The model also indicates that the negative perturbations associated with the region of current divergence should decrease for wavenumbers higher than L band. That trend is observed in the SAR data but not in the in situ data, which show significant perturbations at higher wavenumbers. It is conjectured that this is due to the effects of surfactants and either along-front or time variability in the frontal dynamics, which are not included in the model. Additional comparisons df this kind should be useful to further test and improve physical models of near-surface phenomena. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 51 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 104 IS C1 BP 1405 EP 1422 DI 10.1029/1998JC900033 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 158LE UT WOS:000078116300013 ER PT J AU Murphy, SJ Hurlburt, HE O'Brien, JJ AF Murphy, SJ Hurlburt, HE O'Brien, JJ TI The connectivity of eddy variability in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NORTH BRAZIL CURRENT; LOOP CURRENT; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; CURRENT RETROFLECTION; GEOSAT ALTIMETRY; TRANSPORT; PACIFIC; PASSAGES; EDDIES AB A set of numerical simulations is used to investigate the connectivity of mesoscale variability in the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico. The primitive equation models used for these simulations have a free surface and realistic coastline geometry including a detailed representation of the Lesser Antilles island are. Two simulations have 1/4 degrees resolution and include a 5.5-layer reduced gravity and a 6-layer model with realistic bottom topography. Both are wind forced and include the global thermohaline circulation. The third simulation is from a 1/2 degrees linear wind-driven model. In the two nonlinear numerical simulations, potential vorticity from decaying rings shed by the North Brazil Current retroflection can be advected through the Lesser Antilles. This potential vorticity acts as a finite amplitude perturbation for mixed barotropic and internal mode baroclinic instabilities, which amplify mesoscale features in the Caribbean. The eddies associated with the Caribbean Current are primarily anticyclonic and transit a narrow corridor across the Caribbean basin along an axis at 14 degrees to 15 degrees N with an average speed of 0.15 m/s. It takes them an average of 10 months to transit from the Lesser Antilles to the Yucatan Channel. Along the way, many of the eddies intensify greatly. The amount of intensification depends substantially on the strength of the Caribbean Current and is greatest during a multiyear period when the current is anomalously strong owing to interannual variation in the wind forcing. Some Caribbean eddies squeeze through the Yucatan Channel into the Gulf of Mexico, where they can influence the timing of Loop Current eddy-shedding events. There is a significant correlation of 0.45 between the Loop Current eddy shedding and the eddies near the Lesser Antilles with a time Zag of ii months. However, Caribbean eddies show no statistically significant net influence on the mean eddy-shedding period nor on the size and strength of shed eddies in the Gulf of Mexico. Additionally, no significant correlation is found between eddy shedding in the Gulf of Mexico and transport variations in the Florida Straits, although transport fluctuations in the Florida Straits at 27 degrees N and the Yucatan Channel and showed a correlation of about 0.7 with a lag of 15 days. The linear solution exhibited a multiyear anomaly in the strength of the Caribbean circulation that was concentrated in the central and eastern Caribbean due to a multiyear anomaly in the wind field over the basin. In the nonlinear simulation this anomaly extended into the western Caribbean and across the entire Gulf of Mexico. This westward extension resulted from the nonlinearity and instability of the Caribbean Current, the westward propagation of the eddies, and the passage of Caribbean eddies through the Yucatan Channel into the Gulf of Mexico. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7320, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 52 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 104 IS C1 BP 1431 EP 1453 DI 10.1029/1998JC900010 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 158LE UT WOS:000078116300015 ER PT J AU Snow, AW Buckley, LJ Armistead, JP AF Snow, AW Buckley, LJ Armistead, JP TI NCOCH2(CF2)(6)CH2OCN cyanate ester resin. A detailed study SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cyanate ester; fluoropolymer thermoset; low-dielectric polymer; epoxy; thermal stability; moisture absorption; hydrolysis ID SPECTROSCOPY; PERMITTIVITY; POLYMERS; C-13 AB The NCOCH2(CF2)(6)CH2OCN fluoromethylene cyanate ester monomer and resin are synthesized and characterized. The monomer is prepared by a large-scale bench-top synthesis, characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, infrared, H-1-, C-13- 15N-, and F-19-NMR spectroscopies and analyzed for catalytically active impurities. Conversion of the monomer to prepolymer and cured resin is characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopies and kinetically analyzed. Resin properties characterization includes thermal, tensile, dynamic mechanical, dielectric, refractive index, thermodielectric and thermogravimetric stabilities, and water absorption. Relevant property comparisons with the commercial AroCy F cyanate ester resin (6F bisphenol A dycyanate) and a Jeffamine-bisphenol diglycidyl ether epoxy are made. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 37 IS 2 BP 135 EP 150 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0518(19990115)37:2<135::AID-POLA4>3.0.CO;2-W PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 154FE UT WOS:000077877400004 ER PT J AU Klotz, M Meng, HX Salamo, GJ Segev, M Montgomery, SR AF Klotz, M Meng, HX Salamo, GJ Segev, M Montgomery, SR TI Fixing the photorefractive soliton SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCREENING SOLITONS; WAVE-GUIDES; MEDIA AB We report the formation of permanent two-dimensional 12-mu m waveguides in a bulk strontium barium niobate crystal. The waveguides are made by formation of a photorefractive spatial soliton in which the space-charge field induces ferroelectric domains that are permanently polarized opposite to the crystal c axis. The fixed waveguide propagates light with 80% efficiency. These results make possible the permanent recording of intricate optical circuitry in the volume of a bulk crystal. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Klotz, M (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM salamo@comp.uark.edu NR 18 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 24 IS 2 BP 77 EP 79 DI 10.1364/OL.24.000077 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 157WZ UT WOS:000078085800003 PM 18071413 ER PT J AU Gutbrod, T Bayer, M Forchel, A Knipp, PA Reinecke, TL Tartakovskii, A Kulakovskii, VD Gippius, NA Tikhodeev, SG AF Gutbrod, T Bayer, M Forchel, A Knipp, PA Reinecke, TL Tartakovskii, A Kulakovskii, VD Gippius, NA Tikhodeev, SG TI Angle dependence of the spontaneous emission from confined optical modes in photonic dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM MICROCAVITIES; POLARITON PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; REGIME AB The confined optical modes in photonic dots have been studied by angle-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The photon modes have no dispersion in the cavity plane due to their three-dimensional confinement. The emission intensity from each mode depends strongly on the detection angle. From the angle dependence of the photoluminescence the distribution of the electromagnetic field in the dot plane can be obtained. The experimental findings are in good agreement with theoretical calculations. [S0163-1829(99)08003-0]. C1 Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Gen Phys, Moscow 117333, Russia. RP Gutbrod, T (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Hubland, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RI Tikhodeev, Sergei/A-5452-2016; OI Tikhodeev, Sergei/0000-0001-5940-055X; Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 21 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 3 BP 2223 EP 2229 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.2223 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 161LT UT WOS:000078291000100 ER PT J AU Glaser, ER Kennedy, TA Bennett, BR Shanabrook, BV AF Glaser, ER Kennedy, TA Bennett, BR Shanabrook, BV TI Strong emission from As monolayers in AlSb SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DETECTED MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; QUANTUM-WELLS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; INTERFACE; EXCITONS; GAAS AB Strong photoluminescence (PL) bands between 1.41 and 1.62 eV have been observed from superlattices (SL's) composed of fractional or single monolayers (ML) of AlAs separated by 22-49 ML of AlSb. The emission exhibits a weak dependence on the SL period but shifts significantly to higher energy with decreasing AlAs thickness. Optically detected magnetic-resonance (ODMR) experiments at 24 GHz on the 1.45-eV PL from the SL's with similar to 1 ML of AlAs reveal S = 1/2 electron spin transitions with g(parallel to) = (1.916- 1.923) +/- 0.002 and g(perpendicular to) = (1.934- 1.944) +/- 0.002 split by an exchange interaction (Delta) of (3.4-8.0) +/- 0.2 mu eV with holes derived from the J(z)= +/- 3/2 valence band. Exchange-split electron resonances with g(parallel to) = 1.868+/-0.002 and g(perpendicular to) = 1.882 +/- 0.002 and Delta = 19.5+/-0.5 mu eV were detected on the 1.62-eV band from a sample with 31 ML of AlSb and 0.27 ML of AlAs. The PL and ODMR results can be understood using a type-II band lineup with the electron localized at the AlAs ML and the hole excluded to the AlSb layers. The electron g values and the strength of the exchange interaction reflect the degree of wave-function penetration into the adjacent AlSb barriers. The weakly bound excitons are localized at fluctuations along the AlSb/AlAs interfaces. [S0163-1829(99)00303-3]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Glaser, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 3 BP 2240 EP 2244 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.2240 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 161LT UT WOS:000078291000103 ER PT J AU West, CS O'Donnell, KA AF West, CS O'Donnell, KA TI Angular correlation functions of light scattered from weakly rough metal surfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COHERENT-WAVE-PROPAGATION; BACKSCATTERING ENHANCEMENT; SPECKLE PATTERNS; DISORDERED MEDIA; INTENSITY CORRELATION; PLASMON-POLARITONS; LOCALIZATION; DEPENDENCE; TRANSPORT; PEAK AB The angular correlation functions of light diffusely scattered from weakly rough metal surfaces are studied. In experimental work, surfaces are well characterized, have highly one-dimensional roughness, and are studied in the case of p polarization. If there is significant plasmon polariton excitation, one type of intensity correlation function indicates that the diffuse intensity decorrelates rapidly as the angle of incidence is varied. It exhibits peaks that arise from an autocorrelation of identical intensities, or from the correlation of intensities related by the reciprocity principle. A second intensity correlation function expresses the symmetry of the diffuse intensity about the specular direction and is significant without plasmon polariton excitation. It is shown that the intensity correlation functions are directly related to two fundamental amplitude correlation functions. The latter are studied with perturbation theory, including all terms to fourth order in the surface profile function. The relation of the observed effects to backscattering enhancement is thus established, and favorable comparisons are made with the experimental results. [S0163-1829(99)05103-6]. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP West, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 3 BP 2393 EP 2406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.2393 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 161LT UT WOS:000078291000124 ER PT J AU Dave, PR Duddu, R Surapaneni, R Gilardi, R AF Dave, PR Duddu, R Surapaneni, R Gilardi, R TI Diels-Alder reactions of N-acetyl-2-azetine SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article AB N-acetyl-2-azetine has been found to undergo facile [4+2] cycloadditions with various dienes to give products of endo addition exclusively. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NRL, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dave, PR (reprint author), ARDEC, GEO Ctr Inc, Bldg 3028, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 40 IS 3 BP 443 EP 446 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(98)02506-4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 156WW UT WOS:000078026200012 ER PT J AU Dave, PR Forohar, F Kaselj, M Gilardi, R Trivedi, N AF Dave, PR Forohar, F Kaselj, M Gilardi, R Trivedi, N TI Synthesis of molecular clefts derived from glycoluril SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The alkylation of glycoluril with methallyl dichloride and further functionalization of the resultant tetracyclic molecule to synthesize different molecular clefts is described. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARDEC, GEO Ctr Inc, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NRL, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Energet Mat Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Dave, PR (reprint author), ARDEC, GEO Ctr Inc, Bldg 3028, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 40 IS 3 BP 447 EP 450 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(98)02532-5 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 156WW UT WOS:000078026200013 ER PT J AU Murphy, RJ Share, GH DelSignore, KW Hua, XM AF Murphy, RJ Share, GH DelSignore, KW Hua, XM TI Surprisingly intense neutron emission from a flare behind the limb of the sun SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; Sun : abundances; Sun : flares; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; SOLAR-FLARE; ABUNDANCES AB The Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment onboard the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory observed a strong flux of neutrons from the behind-the-limb flare that occurred on 1991 June 1. This is surprising if the neutrons were produced by thin-target interactions in the Sun's corona, as is suggested by gamma-ray observations of this hare made by Granat/PHEBUS. We compare neutron and gamma-ray observations of the June 1 hare with thick-target emissions observed from a hare 3 days later, where the interactions took place in the chromosphere and photosphere. A very hard spectrum for the accelerated particles is required to account for the number of neutrons observed on June 1 if they were produced by thin-target interactions in the corona. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USRA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Murphy, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 1999 VL 510 IS 2 BP 1011 EP 1017 DI 10.1086/306614 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176NJ UT WOS:000079157600045 ER PT J AU Ciaravella, A Raymond, JC Strachan, L Thompson, BJ St Cyr, OC Gardner, L Modigliani, A Antonucci, E Kohl, J Noci, G AF Ciaravella, A Raymond, JC Strachan, L Thompson, BJ St Cyr, OC Gardner, L Modigliani, A Antonucci, E Kohl, J Noci, G TI Ultraviolet and optical observations of a coronal transient with SOHO SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR; SPECTROMETER; VELOCITY; FIELDS; LASCO; IONS AB A coronal transient was observed on 1997 March 6 at 1.6 R. over an active region on the east limb. We observed both the edge of horizontally compressed gas and the diffuse curtain of coronal material. The region was monitored for 4 hr, and the H I Ly alpha, O VI lambda lambda 1031.91, 1037.61, N V lambda lambda 1242.80, 1238.80, and O V] lambda 1218.35 lines were detected during the ejection evolution. The density, velocity, temperature, and oxygen abundance of the ejected plasma have been obtained from the observed spectra. Intermediate temperature lines of N V, O VI, and O V show a large enhancement, suggesting a quite narrow range of plasma temperature around 4 x 10(5) K. Doppler shifts of the ejected material evolve from an initial blueshift of 100 km s(-1) to a redshift of 145 km s(-1). The outflow velocity, as determined by Doppler dimming analysis of the O VI doublet, is only about 20 km s(-1). C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Dipartimento Sci Fis & Astron, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NRL, CPI, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Osserv Astron Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. RP Ciaravella, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 1999 VL 510 IS 2 BP 1053 EP 1063 DI 10.1086/306622 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176NJ UT WOS:000079157600048 ER PT J AU Hurley, K Li, P Kouveliotou, C Murakami, T Ando, M Strohmayer, T van Paradijs, J Vrba, F Luginbuhl, C Yoshida, A Smith, I AF Hurley, K Li, P Kouveliotou, C Murakami, T Ando, M Strohmayer, T van Paradijs, J Vrba, F Luginbuhl, C Yoshida, A Smith, I TI ASCA discovery of an X-ray pulsar in the error box of SGR 1900+14 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; stars : neutron; supernova remnants; X-rays : stars ID SOFT GAMMA-REPEATERS; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION; SGR-1900+14; COINCIDENT; SGR1806-20; TRANSIENT AB We present a 2-10 keV ASCA observation of the field around the soft gamma repeater SGR 1900+14. One quiescent X-ray source was detected in this observation, and it was in the SGR error box. In 2-10 keV X-rays, its spectrum may be fitted by a power Law with index -2.2, and its unabsorbed flux is 9.6 x 10(-12) ergs cm(-2) s(-1). We also find a clear 5.16 s period. The properties of the three well-studied soft gamma repeaters are remarkably similar to one another, and they provide evidence that all off them are associated with young, strongly magnetized neutron stars in supernova remnants. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 35101, Japan. Rice Univ, Dept Space Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Hurley, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 26 TC 163 Z9 164 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 1999 VL 510 IS 2 BP L111 EP L114 DI 10.1086/311820 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176NK UT WOS:000079157700008 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR AF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR TI Filament eruptions near emerging bipoles SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relation; Sun : activity; Sun : chromosphere; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : prominences ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PROMINENCES; DISRUPTION; ENERGY AB It has been suggested in previous studies that quiescent prominences and filaments erupt preferentially in the vicinity of emerging magnetic Aux. We describe three such filament eruptions observed during 1998 with the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. Comparison with magnetograms and with potential field extrapolations suggests that the new bipole enables the eruption by diverting the flux overlying the filament sideways or to greater heights, allowing the filament to rise out of its channel. Because eruptions sometimes occur in the absence of any observable flux emergence, however, we conclude that new flux may act as a strong catalyst but is not a necessary condition for filament destabilization. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 1999 VL 510 IS 2 BP L157 EP L160 DI 10.1086/311815 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176NK UT WOS:000079157700019 ER PT J AU Justh, EW Kub, FJ AF Justh, EW Kub, FJ TI Analogue CMOS high-frequency continuous wavelet transform circuit SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A 16-channel analogue CMOS high-frequency continuous wavelet transform circuit has been realised. The circuit performs a time-frequency decomposition of a high-frequency input signal. A 100MHz operating frequency, 45MHz bandwidth, and 40mW/channel power dissipation have been achieved using a 0.5 mu m CMOS process. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Justh, EW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6813,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 4 EP 5 DI 10.1049/el:19990077 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 159MJ UT WOS:000078177100003 ER PT J AU Hart, DL Goldberg, L Burns, WK AF Hart, DL Goldberg, L Burns, WK TI Red light generation by sum frequency mixing of Er/Yb fibre amplifier output in QPM LiNbO3 SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Red light was generated by the sum frequency mixing of 1.55 mu m emission of an Er/Yb doped fibre amplifier with the unabsorbed 1.064 mu m Dump light in a 2.3cm long periodically poled LiNbO3 crystal. A maximum power of 0.45W was generated at 630nm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hart, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 52 EP 53 DI 10.1049/el:19990023 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 159MJ UT WOS:000078177100036 ER PT J AU Kang, JU Esman, RD AF Kang, JU Esman, RD TI Demonstration of time interweaved photonic four-channel WDM sampler for hybrid analogue-digital converter SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB An experimental demonstration of a novel photonic sampler for a hybrid analogue-digital converter based on time interweaved wavelength channels is described. The technique uses a single modelocked laser to produce multiple wavelength channels where the wavelength channels are time interweaved to form a pulsed optical carrier for signal sampling. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kang, JU (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5672,4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kang, Jin/A-3228-2010 NR 5 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 60 EP 61 DI 10.1049/el:19990041 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 159MJ UT WOS:000078177100042 ER PT J AU Williams, KJ Esman, RD AF Williams, KJ Esman, RD TI Large-signal compression-current measurements in high-power microwave pin photodiodes SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTODETECTOR; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN AB The authors present the first large-single compression measurements for surface-illuminated pin microwave photodetectors. The maximum RI; power delivered by the photodiodes was +12, +17 and +20dBm for bandwidths of 25, 3 and 1GHz, respectively. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Williams, KJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 82 EP 84 DI 10.1049/el:19990057 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 159MJ UT WOS:000078177100057 ER PT J AU McClean, RE AF McClean, RE TI Depletion kinetics of nickel atoms by sulfur dioxide SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL ATOMS; GAS-PHASE; OXIDATION REACTIONS; N2O; NO; O-2; SO2; CO2 AB The gas-phase depletion kinetics of Ni(a(3)F(J), a(3)D(J)) in the presence of SO2 are reported. Nickel atoms were produced by the 248 nm photodissociation of nickelocene and detected by laser-induced fluorescence. The ground term of Ni, a(3)F(4), and the two lowest energy spin-orbit states, a(3)D(3) and a(3)D(2), were found to react termolecularly (and with identical rate constants) with SO2, an indication of rapid interconversion between these states. The limiting low-pressure third-order rate constant, measured over the temperature range 296-612 K, can be expressed as k(o)(T) = 7.455-24.41(log T) + 3.993(log T)(2) cm(6) molecule(-1) s(-1). A binding energy of 47 kcal mol(-1) was estimated by combining the kinetic results with unimolecular rate theory and density functional methods. The limiting high-pressure second-order rate constant over the temperature range is on the order of the collision rate. The other spin-orbit states of both terms depleted quite rapidly in the presence of SO2, with rate constants also on the order of the collision rate. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McClean, RE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 7 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1021/jp983594p PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 174NX UT WOS:000079042200011 ER PT J AU Ramaker, DE Qian, X O'Grady, WE AF Ramaker, DE Qian, X O'Grady, WE TI 'Atomic' X-ray absorption fine structure: a new tool for examining electronic and ionic polarization effects SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED ATOMS; XAFS AB The Zn K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) of Zn(OH)(4)(2-) ions in basic solution are analyzed. Atomic XAFS (AXAFS) arises from photoelectron scattering off electrons in bonds on the periphery of the absorber. Interactions of the zincate ion with hydrated cations (H2O)(n)M+ (M = Li+, Na+, K+, and Rb+) are shown to produce significant changes in the AXAFS intensity that result from polarization of the zincate anion by the cation. Both the 'through space field' and 'through bond inductive' polarization mechanisms are considered; with the inductive mechanism found to dominate in this case. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ramaker, DE (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM ramaker@gwis2.circ.gwu.edu RI Qian, Xianghong/C-4821-2014 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 1999 VL 299 IS 2 BP 221 EP 226 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(98)01260-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 154KL UT WOS:000077888000018 ER PT J AU Green, JBD Novoradovsky, A Lee, GU AF Green, JBD Novoradovsky, A Lee, GU TI Effect of mechanical contact on the molecular recognition of biomolecules SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; ADHESION; DNA; CALIBRATION; PROBES AB Several developing technologies rely upon the activity of surface-bound biomolecules to control the functionality of an interface. The specificity of these biomolecules can be compromised by mechanical stresses present during their preparation or use. Moreover, many new biomechanical devices are also sensitive to mechanical stress. This paper is concerned with the direct assessment of the mechanical limits beyond which biomolecules are rendered inactive. These mechanical limits are evaluated by a combined approach involving an atomic force microscope (AFM), an optical microscope, and standard colorimetric techniques. The AFM is used to systematically stress micrometer-sized domains of biomolecule-laden surfaces; the results of which can be directly observed with an optical microscope following histochemical staining of the surface with biologically specific dyes. Using this method, we examined the limiting conditions of two benchmark systems, i.e., streptavidin and DNA. Because of the breadth of histochemical staining combined with the nature of the study, our approach is equally applicable to a wide range of biomolecular systems, perhaps even including the surfaces of living cells. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stratagene Inc, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Lee, GU (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6177, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM glee@stm2.nrl.navy.mil RI Lee, Gil/P-8696-2016 OI Lee, Gil/0000-0002-7949-5848 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 5 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1 BP 238 EP 243 DI 10.1021/la980934p PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 156CA UT WOS:000077982800036 ER PT J AU Dutta, SK Vlahacos, CP Steinhauer, DE Thanawalla, AS Feenstra, BJ Wellstood, FC Anlage, SM Newman, HS AF Dutta, SK Vlahacos, CP Steinhauer, DE Thanawalla, AS Feenstra, BJ Wellstood, FC Anlage, SM Newman, HS TI Imaging microwave electric fields using a near-field scanning microwave microscope SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION; CIRCUITS; TIP AB By scanning a fine open-ended coaxial probe above an operating microwave device, we image local electric fields generated by the device at microwave frequencies. The probe is sensitive to the electric flux normal to the face of its center conductor, allowing different components of the field to be imaged by orienting the probe appropriately. Using a simple model of the microscope, we are able to interpret the system's output and determine the magnitude of the electric field at the probe tip. We show images of electric field components above a copper microstrip transmission line driven at 8 GHz, with a spatial resolution of approximately 200 mm. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)05201-8]. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dutta, SK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD/H-4494-2011 NR 12 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 4 PY 1999 VL 74 IS 1 BP 156 EP 158 DI 10.1063/1.123137 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 152TA UT WOS:000077791800053 ER PT B AU Dahn, CC AF Dahn, CC BE Solheim, JE Meistas, EG TI USNOCCD parallaxes for white dwarfs: What's available now ... and future prospects SO 11TH EUROPEAN WORKSHOP ON WHITE DWARFS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th European Workshop on White Dwarfs CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 1998 CL TROMSO, NORWAY SP Astron Soc Pacific ID RICH AB CCD parallaxes with accuracies around +/-0.5 mas are now routinely being measured with the Strand 1.55 m Astrometric Reflector at USNO, Flagstaff. Best results achieved to date have formal uncertainties of +/-0.2-0.3 mas. Results for 10 white dwarfs were presented in Monet et al. 1992 and determinations for an additional 136 degenerates are either completed, nearing completion, or well in progress. This ensemble of results demonstrates that structure within the degenerate sequence - due to mass differences, atmospheric composition, duplicity, etc. - can now easily be seen. This raises the issue of priority for determining anew the parallaxes for many "old favorite" (i.e., well-studied over many years) white dwarfs which have determinations only good to +/-3-5 mas from photography. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Dahn, CC (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. EM dahn@nofs.navy.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-91-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 169 BP 24 EP 29 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BN45D UT WOS:000081943400003 ER PT B AU Burk, SD Haack, T AF Burk, SD Haack, T GP AMS AMS TI The dynamics of wave clouds upwind of coastal orography SO 12TH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics CY JUN 07-11, 1999 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Columbia Univ Earth Inst ID MARINE-LAYER; FLOW C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Burk, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1999 BP 95 EP 99 PG 5 WC Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Physics GA BS05G UT WOS:000168477900032 ER PT S AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, WW GP SPIE SPIE TI Hidden phase effects in estimating the minimum variance pupil plane field of a coherently illuminated far-field object SO 18TH CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR OPTICS: OPTICS FOR THE NEXT MILLENNIUM, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Congress of the International Commission for Optics - Optics for the Next Millennium CY AUG 02-06, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Physical Soc, IEEE Lasers & electro Optics Soc, OSA Optical Soc Amer, Int Comm Optics, US Advisory Comm Int Commiss Opt ID ADAPTIVE-OPTICS AB Recently, it has been shown [1] that least squares phase estimators require the determination of a hidden phase to properly reconstruct a field that contains branch points. The branch points, resulting from zeros in the complex field, occur at random locations. These branch points introduce discontinuities in the 2-D phase function that have a magnitude of 2 pi. Conventional least squares and minimum variance phase reconstructors do not properly sense these discontinuities and therefore have difficulty in reconstructing the field resulting from a coherently illuminated object. Preliminary investigations are made in determining the utility of the hidden phase to the minimum variance based phase reconstructors. A simple 2-D image model is reconstructed using the hidden phase adjustments. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), USN Acad, 105 Maryland Ave,14A, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Arrasmith, William/G-6949-2016 OI Arrasmith, William/0000-0002-2917-9775 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3234-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3749 BP 617 EP 618 DI 10.1117/12.354917 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN74Q UT WOS:000082790200273 ER PT B AU Ganesh, C AF Ganesh, C BE Dave, RN Sudkamp, T TI Fuzzy logic-based information processing in submarine combat systems SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FUZZY INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETY - NAFIPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society (NAFIPS 99) CY JUN 10-12, 1999 CL NEW YORK, NY SP N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc, IEEE Neural Networks Council, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc ID TARGET MOTION ANALYSIS AB Current methods for data integration and decision support in submarine combat systems do not adequately account for uncertainty in an automated fashion, hence continuing a heavy reliance on operator manipulation of input data and human interpretation of output information. Fuzzy logic offers an enabling technology for automated uncertainty management in the data integration process. Application of this technology to the fuzzy characterization of contact speed with uncertain information is demonstrated and is shown to provide significant improvement in tracking solution quality for the single-leg Target Motion Analysis problem. The uncertainty in the target end-point location is described by an enhanced Area of Uncertainty region, which is obtained through combination of the derived fuzzy range characterization with conventional probabilistic information. Follow-on efforts are in progress to address the issue of modeling uncertainty in the basic structure of a fuzzy logic system. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM ganeshc@csd.npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5211-4 PY 1999 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1109/NAFIPS.1999.781673 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BN34H UT WOS:000081666600034 ER PT B AU Kiriakidis, K AF Kiriakidis, K BE Dave, RN Sudkamp, T TI A new tool for analysis and design of robust fuzzy systems SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FUZZY INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETY - NAFIPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society (NAFIPS 99) CY JUN 10-12, 1999 CL NEW YORK, NY SP N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc, IEEE Neural Networks Council, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc ID H-INFINITY CONTROL; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS AB The payer investigates the synthesis of nonlinear control systems with performance and stability robustness in the presence of parametric uncertainty. The proposed technique searches far a positive definite(p.d.) function that satisfies simultaneously design criteria stemming from the above requirements and recasts the general problem in the form of two NonLinear Matrix Inequalities (NLMIs). Using nonconventional models, such as fuzzy approximates or global linearizations, the method provides constant-matrix or piecewise quadratic solutions. C1 USN Acad, Dept Weap & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Dept Weap & Syst Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM kiriakid@novell.nadn.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5211-4 PY 1999 BP 436 EP 437 DI 10.1109/NAFIPS.1999.781730 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BN34H UT WOS:000081666600091 ER PT B AU Coleman, JO Scholnik, DP AF Coleman, JO Scholnik, DP GP IEEE IEEE TI Generalized-eigenfilter design of a hybrid FIR/analog receive filter minimizing ISI, ACI, and Gaussian noise SO 1998 MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 09-12, 1998 CL UNIV NOTRE DAME, NOTRE DAME, IN SP IEEE Circuits and Systems Soc, IEEE Control, Educ, Ind Electr, Instrumentation & Measurement, Power Electr, Signal proc, Syst Man and Cybernetics Soc HO UNIV NOTRE DAME ID FIR DIGITAL-FILTERS AB The flexibility and design power inherent by the generalized-eigenfilter approach to sophisticated least-squares FIR-filter design problems is here demonstrated by using it to address a classic problem: the MMSE design of a (nonadaptive) fractional-tap-spacing linear equalizer and matched filter: The solution accounts for the analog filters and minimizes a combination of noise variance, mean-square intersymbol interference (ISI), and mean-square adjacent-channel interference (ACI). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coleman, JO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8914-5 PY 1999 BP 166 EP 169 DI 10.1109/MWSCAS.1998.759461 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BM70P UT WOS:000079563200037 ER PT B AU Anderson, WT Mittereder, JA Roussos, JA AF Anderson, WT Mittereder, JA Roussos, JA GP JEDEC JEDEC TI Channel temperature measurement of GaAs devices using an atomic force microscope SO 1999 GAAS RELIABILITY WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gallium Arsenide Reliability Workshop CY OCT 17, 1999 CL MONTEREY, CA SP JEDEC JC-14-7 Comm GaAs Reliabil & Qual Stand, IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, EDS, Electr Ind Alliance C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anderson, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JEDEC PI ARLINGTON PA 2500 WILSON BLVD, ARLINGTON, VA 22201 USA BN 0-7908-0100-0 PY 1999 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1109/GAASRW.1999.874092 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BR02N UT WOS:000165407000001 ER PT S AU Welch, TB AF Welch, TB GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI The spaced-time correlation function and its effect on the efficient simulation of multicarrier systems SO 1999 IEEE 49TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3: MOVING INTO A NEW MILLENIUM SE IEEE VTS Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 99) CY MAY 16-JUN 20, 1999 CL HOUSTON, TX SP IEEE ID PERFORMANCE; CDMA AB As multicarrier communication systems become more complicated, the utilization of computer simulations to estimate the bit error performance of these systems will increase. Knowledge of the simulated channel's autocorrelation function can allow for the reuse of the complex channel gains. With the reuse of these complex channel gains, the estimate of a multicarrier system's performance can be accomplished in less than half the previously required time. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Welch, TB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, 105 Maryland Ave,MS-14B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM t.b.welch@ieee.org NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1090-3038 BN 0-7803-5565-2 J9 IEEE VTS VEH TECHNOL PY 1999 BP 1984 EP 1988 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BN33M UT WOS:000081654600391 ER PT S AU Gaiser, PW AF Gaiser, PW BE Matloubian, M Ponti, E TI WindSat - Satellite-based polarimetric microwave radiometer SO 1999 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium on the Magic Touch of Microwaves CY JUN 13-19, 1999 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE ID SURFACE AB WindSat is a satellite-based multi-frequency polarimetric microwave radiometer being developed by the Naval Research Laboratory for the U.S. Navy and the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Integrated Program Office (IPO). WindSat is designed to demonstrate the viability of using polarimetric microwave radiometry to measure the ocean surface wind vector from space. The sensor provides risk reduction data that the IPO will use in the development of the Conical Microwave Imager Sounder (CMIS). WindSat is the primary payload on the Air Force Coriolis satellite, which is scheduled to launch in February 2002. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gaiser, PW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7223, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-5135-5 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 1999 BP 403 EP 406 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN28P UT WOS:000081428500093 ER PT S AU Matthews, PJ Biernacki, PD AF Matthews, PJ Biernacki, PD BE Matloubian, M Ponti, E TI Photonic signal processing for microwave applications SO 1999 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium on the Magic Touch of Microwaves CY JUN 13-19, 1999 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE ID PHASED-ARRAY ANTENNA; RECEIVER; SYSTEM; LINK AB The use of photonic techniques for microwave signal processing has the potential to bring improved performance and new capabilities to RF and microwave systems. Due to this promise, a large number of organizations are vigorously pursuing the processing of signals using photonics. Several recent demonstrations have illustrated the increasing maturity of the field. Here, we briefly present the motivations behind this growing effort and review the current capabilities of photonics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Matthews, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-5135-5 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 1999 BP 877 EP 880 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN28P UT WOS:000081428500201 ER PT S AU Biernacki, PD Madara, R Nichols, LT Ward, A Matthews, PJ AF Biernacki, PD Madara, R Nichols, LT Ward, A Matthews, PJ BE Matloubian, M Ponti, E TI A four channel angle of arrival detector using optical downconversion SO 1999 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium on the Magic Touch of Microwaves CY JUN 13-19, 1999 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB A fiber-optic system for microwave angle of arrival measurements is demonstrated in an anechoic chamber for the first time. The system consists of a four-channel optical downconverter capable of processing received signals from 2-18 GHz. Direction resolution is determined by the antenna spacing, and at 10 GHz is spatially better than 0.1 degrees. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Biernacki, PD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5672,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-5135-5 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 1999 BP 885 EP 888 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN28P UT WOS:000081428500203 ER PT S AU Binari, SC AF Binari, SC BE Matloubian, M Ponti, E TI GaN electronic devices for future systems SO 1999 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium on the Magic Touch of Microwaves CY JUN 13-19, 1999 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE ID N-TYPE GAN; THREADING DISLOCATIONS AB There is an extensive effort to develop GaN and the related alloys for electronic device applications. The primary focus is the development of microwave power devices, and in this area, AlGaN/GaN HEMTs have demonstrated record output power densities. The motivation for pursuing GaN for microwave power applications and the current status of the GaN electronic device technology are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Binari, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-5135-5 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 1999 BP 1081 EP 1084 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN28P UT WOS:000081428500248 ER PT S AU Matthews, PJ Medberry, JB Liu, PL Esman, RD AF Matthews, PJ Medberry, JB Liu, PL Esman, RD BE Matloubian, M Ponti, E TI Range demonstration of an ultrawideband, fiber-optic, array transmitter with dynamic null steering SO 1999 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium on the Magic Touch of Microwaves CY JUN 13-19, 1999 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB A novel technique for dynamically forming and steering ultrawideband nulls in the farfield pattern of a time-steered array antenna is demonstrated. The transmitter system is based upon a fiber-optic dispersive prism design which generates an ultrawideband transmit beam as well as the required nulling waveform which is then properly time-steered. A four-element system is demonstrated in a compact antenna range showing null depths in excess of 15 dB over the 4 to 18 GHz bandwidth of the system for various main beam and null steering angles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Matthews, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5672, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-5135-5 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 1999 BP 1109 EP 1112 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN28P UT WOS:000081428500254 ER PT S AU Phillips, GW Readshaw, AK Brown, GO Weiss, RG Guardala, NA Price, JL Mueller, SC Moscovitch, M AF Phillips, GW Readshaw, AK Brown, GO Weiss, RG Guardala, NA Price, JL Mueller, SC Moscovitch, M GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Investigation of 3D GRAM materials as radiation detectors/dosimeter SO 1999 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 24-30, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Argonne Natl Labs, Bicron Inc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CTI PET Syst Inc, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Med Syst, INFN Sezione Ferrara Italy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Picker Int, Sandia Natl Labs, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Univ Calif Irvine, Univ Washington, Seattle, Univ Ferrara Italy, Univ Utah, US DOE ID DOSIMETRY AB The effects of exposure of 3D GRAM materials to protons, alphas and C-12 ions have been investigated in the energy range of 0.5 to 2.5 MeV per nucleon. A permanent change occurs in the properties of the materials due to irradiation. The exposed materials are observed to fluoresce under a confocal laser scanning microscope. The intensity and depth of the fluorescence is dependent on the type and energy of the particles to which the materials were exposed. These properties should prove useful for charged particle and neutron dosimetry/detector applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phillips, GW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-5697-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1999 BP 734 EP 737 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ74H UT WOS:000089372200146 ER PT S AU Gaunaurd, GC Huang, H AF Gaunaurd, GC Huang, H BE Schneider, SC Levy, M McAvoy, BR TI Scattering of ultrasonic spherical waves by a pair of elastic shells immersed in a fluid SO 1999 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Ultrasonics International Symposium CY OCT 17-20, 1999 CL TAHOE, NV SP IEEE Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc ID ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; SURFACE AB We have been investigating sonic and ultrasonic scattering of waves by either pairs of penetrable objects in boundless fluid media, or by single penetrable objects near boundaries of fluid half-spaces [1,2]. These are exact benchmark solutions for configurations that will ultimately lead to more complex scattering situations. One case that we have not yet treated, and that we exactly analyze here, is that of a spherical ultrasonic wave scattered by two elastic, fluid-filled, spherical shells separated an arbitrary diatance d, and immersed in a boundless fluid medium. Such a wave emerges from a point source that is arbitrarily close to the two shells, and the resulting scattered field is then determined anywhere in space. The exact solution presented here accounts for all orders of multiple scattering and the deformations of the two shells are described by the general 3-dimensional equations of elastodynamics. The pair of shells may or may not be of equal sizes or wall-thicknesses, they may or may not contain interior fluids, and they can be made of any substance. As in the related cases cited above, the determination of the resulting scattered pressure field requires the use of: (a) the addition theorem for spherical wavefunctions to reduce all fields to a common origin, and, (b) the summation of an infinite number of terms, each containing products of pairs of Wigner 3-j symbols. Many calculated results, obtained in relatively broad frequency bands, illustrate the details of this analytical solution. As the point-source recedes to a very large distance away from the shells - relative to their radii and separation - we recover our earlier solution for plane-wave incidences. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div 683, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Gaunaurd, GC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div 683, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-5723-X J9 ULTRASON PY 1999 BP 727 EP 730 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BQ43A UT WOS:000088356000158 ER PT S AU Mechtel, DM Charles, HK Francomacaro, AS AF Mechtel, DM Charles, HK Francomacaro, AS GP INT MICROELECTR & PACKAGING SOC INT MICROELECTR & PACKAGING SOC TI Laser testing of MCM-D structures SO 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH DENSITY PACKAGING AND MCMS, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 International Conference on High Density Packaging and MCMs CY APR 06-09, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP Int Microelectr & Packaging Soc DE non-invasive testing; polyimide; multichip modules; electro-optic AB Non-invasive techniques for measuring electric field strengths in multichip module substrates can be extremely important in determining ultimate module performance. Certain polymers such as polyimide exhibit an electro-optic response, after appropriate doping and poling, that permits direct measurement of these internal fields with a laser probe. Our work compares different poled polyimides for their efficacy as both an MCM dielectric layer and as an electro-optic material. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP USN Acad, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM mechtel@guam.nadn.navy.mil; harry-charles@jhuapl.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-930815-57-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3830 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BN66B UT WOS:000082520700023 ER PT B AU Pieper, R Michael, S AF Pieper, R Michael, S GP NSTI TI A robust algorithm for predicting freezeout and exhaustion under equilibrium conditions SO 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems CY APR 19-21, 1999 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Motorola, TIMA CMP Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Computat Res Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Ibero Amer Sci & Technol Educ Consortium, Integrated Syst Engn, IntelliSense Corp, MEMSCAP SA, Mentor Graph Corp, Microcosm Technologies Inc, Mol Simulat Inc AB A numerically robust method for evaluating the temperature-dependent carrier concentrations and related Fermi levels is proposed. The method is applicable to simple cases for which analytic solutions are available as well as more complex cases in which numerical methods are required due to nonstandard effects including bandgap widening, compensation and degeneracy induced by high levels of doping. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pieper, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9666135-4-6 PY 1999 BP 87 EP 90 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BAM65 UT WOS:000222851500021 ER PT B AU Kaplan, CR Oran, ES AF Kaplan, CR Oran, ES GP NSTI TI Scaling issues for calculations of low-velocity gaseous microflows SO 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems CY APR 19-21, 1999 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Motorola, TIMA CMP Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Computat Res Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Ibero Amer Sci & Technol Educ Consortium, Integrated Syst Engn, IntelliSense Corp, MEMSCAP SA, Mentor Graph Corp, Microcosm Technologies Inc, Mol Simulat Inc DE Direct Simulation Monte Carlo; microflows; high Knudsen number flows AB Gaseous flows in microfluidic devices are often characterized by relatively high Knudsen numbers, Kn. For such flows, the continuum approximation is not valid, and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) is an appropriate solution method. However, for slow flows, where the fluid velocity is much smaller than the mean molecular velocity, the statistical fluctuations in the solution cause the features of the flow to be lost in the noise. In this paper, we evaluate a method for solving low-velocity microflows by scaling the temperature of the fluid such that the molecular thermal velocity is on the same order of magnitude as the fluid velocity. We present an analysis of this scaling method, and show how modification of the fluid temperature affects the collision dynamics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kaplan, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9666135-4-6 PY 1999 BP 506 EP 509 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BAM65 UT WOS:000222851500127 ER PT S AU Mechtel, DM Charles, HK Francomacaro, AS AF Mechtel, DM Charles, HK Francomacaro, AS GP IMAPS IMAPS TI Noninvasive laser probing: A solution for improving the testability of buried MCM-D circuit structures SO 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MICROELECTRONICS, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Microelectronics CY OCT 26-28, 1999 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Int Microelectr & Packaging Soc DE electro-optics; opto-electronic packaging; electro-optic probing; laser testing; MCM testing AB Non-invasive techniques for measuring electric field strengths in multichip module (MCM) substrates can be extremely important in determining ultimate module performance. Certain polymers such as polyimide exhibit an electro-optic response, after appropriate doping and poling, that permits direct measurement of the internal fields with a laser probe, We have built MCM circuit structures using electro-optic polyimides for the dielectric layer. We report mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical and electro-optic properties for these dielectric layers. We report results for multiple layer structures and recommend processing guidelines. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mechtel, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL MICROELECTRONICS& PACKAGING SOCIETY PI WASHINGTON PA 611 2ND STREET, N E, WASHINGTON, DC 20002 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-930815-58-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3906 BP 367 EP 372 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BP12Y UT WOS:000084202800060 ER PT B AU Heitmeyer, C AF Heitmeyer, C GP IEEE COMP SOC IEEE COMP SOC TI Using the SCR* toolset to specify software requirements SO 2ND IEEE WORKSHOP ON INDUSTRIAL STRENGTH FORMAL SPECIFICATION TECHNIQUES - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE Workshop on Industrial Strength Formal Specification Techniques CY OCT 21-23, 1998 CL BOCA RATON, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Complex Comp, Florida Atlantic Univ C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heitmeyer, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5546, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0081-1 PY 1999 BP 12 EP 13 DI 10.1109/WIFT.1998.766290 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN32Z UT WOS:000081639400003 ER PT B AU Scholnik, DP Coleman, JO AF Scholnik, DP Coleman, JO BE RamirezAngulo, J TI Computationally efficient multirate passband equalization for bandpass digital/analog conversion SO 42ND MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 08-11, 1999 CL NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, CORBETT CTR, LAS CRUCES, NM SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn HO NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, CORBETT CTR ID FILTERS AB Many systems require a digital filter for decimation/interpolation and equalization of analog filtering. Under suitable conditions, iterative design of a low-rate, nonlinear-phase FIR filter and a cascaded high-rate, linear-phase FIR filter results in a computationally efficient filter structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scholnik, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5492-3 PY 1999 BP 401 EP 404 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ78X UT WOS:000089525800096 ER PT B AU Coleman, JO Scholnik, DP AF Coleman, JO Scholnik, DP BE RamirezAngulo, J TI Design of nonlinear-phase FIR filters with second-order cone programming SO 42ND MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 08-11, 1999 CL NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, CORBETT CTR, LAS CRUCES, NM SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn HO NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, CORBETT CTR AB We extend classic linear-programming design of linear-phase FIR filters to second-order cone-programming design of nonlinear-phase FIR filters. Real and complex FIR filters with optional analog or digital cascade filters are designed using cones on discrete frequencies to approximate Chebychev, mean-absolute, and rms errors. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coleman, JO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5492-3 PY 1999 BP 409 EP 412 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ78X UT WOS:000089525800098 ER PT B AU Coleman, JO Scholnik, DP AF Coleman, JO Scholnik, DP BE RamirezAngulo, J TI Vector switching generalizes D/A noise shaping SO 42ND MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 08-11, 1999 CL NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, CORBETT CTR, LAS CRUCES, NM SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn HO NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, CORBETT CTR ID CONVERTERS; SIGMA AB The most promising approach to obtaining the extraordinary in-band precision required of the internal DAC in multibit delta-sigma converters is dynamic element matching, in which errors due to DAC-hardware mismatch are spectrally shaped to avoid the signal band. Here we propose an architecture based on a vector switching signal and offer a mathematical framework for the analysis and design of such systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coleman, JO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5492-3 PY 1999 BP 478 EP 480 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ78X UT WOS:000089525800114 ER PT B AU Coleman, JO Vanderbei, RJ AF Coleman, JO Vanderbei, RJ BE RamirezAngulo, J TI Random-process formulation of computationally efficient performance measures for wideband arrays in the far field SO 42ND MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 08-11, 1999 CL NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, CORBETT CTR, LAS CRUCES, NM SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn HO NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, CORBETT CTR AB Random-process autocorrelations and crosscorrelations in three dimensions here provide computationally efficient mean-square-error and average-gain measures to control main beam and sidelobe characteristics in convex optimization of far-field beamforming coefficients for large wide-band arrays. An example optimized with the ultra-efficient interior-point code LOQO illustrates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coleman, JO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5492-3 PY 1999 BP 761 EP 764 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ78X UT WOS:000089525800182 ER PT B AU McEachen, JC Batson, MS AF McEachen, JC Batson, MS BE RamirezAngulo, J TI Modeling cache inconsistencies in an ATM high-speed network interface architecture SO 42ND MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 08-11, 1999 CL NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, CORBETT CTR, LAS CRUCES, NM SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn HO NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, CORBETT CTR AB An asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) high-speed network interface employing a DMA (direct memory access) engine is modeled using the queuing theory of heterogeneous source environments. Specifically, the system bus is modeled as a multiplexer of data between the central processing unit (CPU), system cache, host memory and the interface. A two-stage queuing system is developed, fed by a multiplexed constant rate source, representing DMA accesses, and a Poisson distributed source, representing application writes. The resulting D+M/D/1 waiting time tail distribution is approximated analytically using a weighted M/D/1 queuing system and is verified by computer simulation, Data loss due to cache and memory inconsistencies encountered in the second stage is then observed for a variety of interarrival rates from the Poisson source. Based on observed results, a region of primary interest is noted where the arrival rate of DMA accesses is substantially greater than the mean arrival rate of application writes. Circumstances where the system can still effectively function with a low probability of data loss are identified. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McEachen, JC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5492-3 PY 1999 BP 813 EP 816 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ78X UT WOS:000089525800193 ER PT B AU Hippenstiel, R Aktas, U AF Hippenstiel, R Aktas, U BE RamirezAngulo, J TI Difference of arrival estimation using wavelet transforms SO 42ND MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 08-11, 1999 CL NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, CORBETT CTR, LAS CRUCES, NM SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn HO NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, CORBETT CTR AB Accurate localization of a mobile wireless communication unit via a Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) method is addressed. Wavelet denoising is used to enhance the TDOA estimation, A 79 to 81 percent improvement relative to raw data processing is obtained using a modified approximate maximum likelihood method or its time varying enhancement, respectively. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hippenstiel, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5492-3 PY 1999 BP 1082 EP 1085 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ78X UT WOS:000089525800258 ER PT B AU Ives, RW Eichel, P Magotra, N AF Ives, RW Eichel, P Magotra, N BE RamirezAngulo, J TI A new SAR image compression quality metric SO 42ND MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 08-11, 1999 CL NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, CORBETT CTR, LAS CRUCES, NM SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn HO NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, CORBETT CTR AB Common image quality metrics (MSE, SNR) do not consistently evaluate information loss in compression in the same way as the human eye. This is especially true for speckled SAR imagery. This paper presents a correlation based metric which provides improved local and global measures of SAR image compression quality. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ives, RW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5492-3 PY 1999 BP 1143 EP 1146 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ78X UT WOS:000089525800273 ER PT B AU Mechtel, DM Charles, HK Francomacaro, AS AF Mechtel, DM Charles, HK Francomacaro, AS GP IEEE IEEE TI Poled polymers for MCMs with integrated dielectric and optical layers SO 49TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE - 1999 PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Electronic Components and Technology Conference CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electr Components, Assemblies, Equipment & Supplies Assoc, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, IEEE AB Low dielectric constants and ease of processing make polymers attractive materials for building both optical waveguides and dielectric layers. The change in the index of refraction of certain polymers such as polyimide, after appropriate doping and poling, makes it possible to build an optical waveguide using established polymer processing techniques. Our work uses these results to demonstrate optical waveguide fabrication for applications requiring optical and electrical interlayers on the same thin-film multichip module structure (MCM-D). C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mechtel, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5231-9 PY 1999 BP 927 EP 930 DI 10.1109/ECTC.1999.776296 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN30H UT WOS:000081460000154 ER PT S AU Cook, JW Newmark, JS Moses, JD AF Cook, JW Newmark, JS Moses, JD BE Vial, JC KaldeichSchrumann, B TI Coronal thermal structure from a differential emission measure map of the Sun SO 8TH SOHO WORKSHOP: PLASMA DYNAMICS AND DIAGNOSTICS IN THE SOLAR TRANSITION REGION AND CORONA, PROCEEDINGS SE ESA Special Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th SOHO Workshop on Plasma Dynamics and Diagnostics in the Solar Transition Region and Corona CY JUN 22-25, 1999 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP European Space Agcy, NASA, CNES, CNRS, INSU, Euroconf, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Matra Marconi Space, SCOSTEP, Univ Paris XI ID SOLAR C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7668, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cook@hrts.nrl.navy.mil; newmark@eitv2.nascom.nasa.gov; Dan.Moses@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-784-4 J9 ESA SPEC PUBL PY 1999 VL 446 BP 241 EP 246 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physics GA BP62N UT WOS:000085712900038 ER PT S AU Laming, JM Feldman, U AF Laming, JM Feldman, U BE Vial, JC KaldeichSchrumann, B TI Measuring the solar helium abundance in the outer corona with SUMER SO 8TH SOHO WORKSHOP: PLASMA DYNAMICS AND DIAGNOSTICS IN THE SOLAR TRANSITION REGION AND CORONA, PROCEEDINGS SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th SOHO Workshop on Plasma Dynamics and Diagnostics in the Solar Transition Region and Corona CY JUN 22-25, 1999 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP European Space Agcy, NASA, CNES, CNRS, INSU, Euroconf, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Matra Marconi Space, SCOSTEP, Univ Paris XI ID SPECTROMETER; SOHO; TELESCOPE; SUN AB At altitudes of about 1.05 solar radii or more, the solar corona becomes essentially isothermal. This obviates many of the difficulties associated with the inverse problem of determining emission measure distributions, and allows for fairly straightforward relative element abundance measurements. We present a new value for the He abundance, based on a reanalysis of the He/O ratio studied by Feldman (1998) using data acquired by SUMER (Wilhelm et al. 1995, 1997, Lemaire et al. 1997). We use a revised value of the O abundance, and a more thorough evaluation of the atomic physics for He II to derive an He/H abundance ratio of 0.089, (Y = 0.26), with an error of similar to 15% coming mainly from the O abundance uncertainty. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7674L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-784-4 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 1999 VL 446 BP 405 EP 410 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physics GA BP62N UT WOS:000085712900068 ER PT S AU Linton, MG Fisher, GH Dahlburg, RB Fan, Y AF Linton, MG Fisher, GH Dahlburg, RB Fan, Y BE Wilson, A TI The effect of the helical kink instability on the morphology of emerging active regions SO 9TH EUROPEAN MEETING ON SOLAR PHYSICS: MAGNETIC FIELDS AND SOLAR PROCESSES, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Meeting on Solar Physics CY SEP 12-18, 1999 CL UNIV FLORENCE, FLORENCE, ITALY SP European Union, European Space Agcy, Div joint Astrophys, Solar Phys Sect, Univ Firenze, Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, CNR, Banca Commerciale Italiana, Banca Toscana, EPS HO UNIV FLORENCE ID FLUX TUBES AB The current driven kink instability may be the cause of both the unusual morphology of solar delta-spot active regions and the tendency of these regions to be significantly more flare active than most active regions. We investigate the current driven kink instability of flux tubes in the solar interior both with a linear stability analysis and with nonlinear MHD simulations. The linear analysis shows that there is a critical twist, which depends on the axial magnetic field profile, that a flux tube needs to become kink unstable. This critical twist decreases as the tube expands, so twisted flux tubes will become increasingly unstable as they rise through the convection zone. The nonlinear simulations show that a twisted tube excited by a single unstable kink mode will evolve to a helical equilibrium state. The emergence through the photosphere of such a kinked tube would create an active region which was tilted with respect to Hale's law and which would rotate as it evolved, as delta-spots are observed to do. We then find that, when excited by multiple unstable kink modes, highly twisted flux tubes develop concentrated kinks. These concentrated kinks would produce more of the observed characteristics of delta-spot active regions. They would create active regions which, in addition to emerging tilted and then rotating, would remain compact as they evolved, and develop strong shear along their magnetic neutral line. Finally, we find that a strong concentrated kink develops a current sheet at which the magnetic field reconnects, which may be the cause of the high flare activity of delta-spots. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Linton, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7675, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-792-5 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 1999 VL 448 BP 609 EP 612 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BP86P UT WOS:000086446800100 ER PT J AU Tanen, DA AF Tanen, DA TI Acute gastric volvulus: A case report SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE gastric volvulus; diagnosis; stomach; abdominal pain ID ENDOSCOPIC REDUCTION C1 USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Clin Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Tanen, DA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 6 IS 1 BP 83 EP 84 DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1999.tb00100.x PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 157HD UT WOS:000078054800015 PM 9928981 ER PT S AU Needham, DM Demurjian, SA Peters, TJ AF Needham, DM Demurjian, SA Peters, TJ GP ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY TI Towards a distributed object-oriented propagation model using Ada95 SO ACM SIGADA ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE (SIGADA'99) - PROCEEDINGS SE ADA LETTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ACM SIGADA Annual International Conference (SIGADA 99) CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL REDONDO BEACH, CA SP ACM Special Interest Grp Ada, Ada Europe, ACM SIGAPP, ACM SIGBIO, ACM SIGCAS, ACM SIGSE, ACM SIGPLAN, ACM SIGSOFT DE object-oriented technology; methods and techniques; Ada language; distributed systems AB Representing interdependencies between the objects of an object-oriented software application requires design-time mechanisms for specifying object interrelationships, as well as software constructs for the runtime maintenance of these relationships. We present a portion of our software engineering research environment ADAM, (short for Active Design and Analyses Modeling), which incorporates a technique for design-time modeling of propagations (our term for the relationships between interdependent objects). We examine the ADAM environment's support for the automated generation of Ada95 software constructs that maintain object interdependency at runtime. We focus on our propagation model's use of Ada95 tasking constructs and protected objects, with an emphasis on the source level mechanisms through which our model utilizes concurrency. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Needham, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA SN 1094-3641 BN 1-58113-127-5 J9 ADA LETTERS PY 1999 VL 19 IS 3 BP 203 EP 210 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BN91K UT WOS:000083442700026 ER PT S AU Rice, TR Alouani, AT AF Rice, TR Alouani, AT BE Masten, MK Stockum, LA TI Single model, asynchronous fusion of correlated tracks SO ACQUISITION, TRACKING, AND POINTING XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing XIII Conference CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The theory behind the fusion of two asynchronous track updates (either from two different sensors or from the same sensor) has been derived by the authors in a previous paper pi. However, the results were incomplete since there was not sufficient information to actually implement the fusion theory as an algorithm. In this paper, the information necessary to implement the theory is provided. Additionally, simulated data in the form of tracks from two sensors having different update rates and communications delays is used to compare this technique to the results obtained using the standard sequential updating of a Kalman filter. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Rice, TR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3166-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3692 BP 164 EP 176 DI 10.1117/12.352859 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN65T UT WOS:000082494300017 ER PT S AU Esarey, E Leemans, WP Hafizi, B Hubbard, R Ting, A AF Esarey, E Leemans, WP Hafizi, B Hubbard, R Ting, A BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Laser-induced electron trapping in plasma-based accelerators SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; WAVE-BREAKING; PULSES; WAKEFIELDS; GENERATION; INJECTION; DRIVEN; BEAMS AB Trapping of plasma electrons in the self-modulated laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) via the coupling of Raman backscatter to the wake is examined analytically and with 3D test particle simulations. The trapping threshold for linear polarization is much less than for circular and occurs for wake amplitudes of 25% which is well below wavebreaking. Self-channeling provides continuous focusing of the accelerated electrons which, along with relativistic pump laser effects, can enhance the energy gain by a factor greater than or equal to 2. The colliding pulse method for injecting electrons in the standard LWFA is examined. Simulations of test electrons in prescribed 1D fields indicate the production of relativistic (greater than or equal to 25 MeV) electrons with bunch durations as short as 3 fs, energy spreads as small as 0.3%, and densities as high as 10(18) cm(-3). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Esarey, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 57 EP 71 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100005 ER PT S AU Hubbard, RF Ehrlich, Y Kaganovich, D Cohen, C Moore, CI Sprangle, P Ting, A Zigler, A AF Hubbard, RF Ehrlich, Y Kaganovich, D Cohen, C Moore, CI Sprangle, P Ting, A Zigler, A BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Intense laser pulse propagation in capillary discharge plasma channels SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND ID ELECTRON ACCELERATION; IONIZATION; GASES; BEAMS AB Optical guiding of intense laser pulses is required for pla;ma-based accelerator concepts such as thee laser wakefield accelerator. Reported experiments have successfully transported intense laser pulses in the hollow plasma column produced by a capillary discharge. The hollow plasma has an index of refraction which peaks on-axis, thus providing optical guiding which overcomes beam expansion due to diffraction. In more recent experiments at Hebrew University, 800 nm wavelength, 0.1 mJ, 100 fs pulses have been guided in similar to 300 micron radius capillaries over distances as long as: 6.6 cm. Simulations of these experiments using a 2-D nonlinear laser propagation model produce the expected optical guiding, with the laser pulse radius r(L) exhibiting oscillations about the equilibrium value predicted by an analytical envelope equation model, The oscillations are damped at the front of the pulse and grow ill amplitude in the back of the pulse. This growth and damping is attributed to finite pulse length effects. Simulations also show that further ionization of the discharge plasma by the laser pulse may hollow the laser pulse and introduce modulations in the spot size. This ionization-defocusing effect is expected to be significant at the high intensities required for accelerator application. Capillary discharge experiments at much higher intensities are in progress on the Naval Research Laboratory T-3 laser, and preliminary results are reported. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hubbard, RF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 394 EP 403 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100036 ER PT S AU Bowman, SR Searles, SK Ganem, J Schmidt, P AF Bowman, SR Searles, SK Ganem, J Schmidt, P BE Fejer, MM Injeyan, H Keller, U TI Further investigations of potential 4 mu m laser materials SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB Potassium lead chloride is found to exhibit superior spectroscopic and mechanical properties as a low phonon host for trivalent erbium. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowman, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-583-8 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 1999 VL 26 BP 487 EP 490 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT71N UT WOS:000173833200094 ER PT S AU Bowman, SR AF Bowman, SR BE Fejer, MM Injeyan, H Keller, U TI Radiation balanced lasers SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowman, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-583-8 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 1999 VL 26 BP 580 EP 580 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT71N UT WOS:000173833200112 ER PT S AU Bender, BA Jessen, TL Browning, S AF Bender, BA Jessen, TL Browning, S BE Singh, JP Bansal, NP TI Processing and properties of Nicalon-reinforced zirconium phosphate composites SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc ID THERMAL-SHOCK BEHAVIOR; MATRIX COMPOSITES; FIBER AB Hot-pressed and phosphate-bonded Nicalon SiC fiber-reinforced ZrP2O7 matrix composites were made. The effects of variations in processing and fiber reinforcement on the composites' mechanical properties (strength, toughness, and thermal up shock resistance) were measured. ZrP2O7 reinforced with carbon-coated Hi-Nicalon SiC fibers has the best combination of strength, toughness, thermal up shock resistance, and low dielectric constant for use as an inexpensive composite faceplate in a laminated radome. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bender, BA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-059-9 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 96 BP 89 EP 100 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN02T UT WOS:000080431200008 ER PT S AU Jessen, TL Bender, BA AF Jessen, TL Bender, BA BE Singh, JP Bansal, NP TI The effect of microstructure on the mechanical behavior of CFCMC under dynamic and static loading conditions SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; FATIGUE; GLASS AB The effect of dynamic, static, and combined static/dynamic loading on the flexure strength and fracture behavior of a unidirectional fiber composite was investigated, The 50 volume percent Nicalon(TM) fiber/zirconium titanate matrix composite was similar to that used in an earlier study which demonstrated microstructure-sensitive mechanical behavior. In the present study, statistically significant differences in time-dependent strength were observed as a function of composite microstructure across five decades of constant crosshead displacement (dynamic loading). Composite strength was independent of time-to-failure (TTF) when the composite contained distributed matrix-rich channels aligned perpendicular to the applied load, The strength was observed to decrease with increasing TTF when the matrix-rich channels were aligned parallel to the applied load. Under both static and combined static/dynamic loads similar mechanical/microstructure behavior was observed. The strength decreased when the channels were aligned parallel to the applied load and was constant when the channels were perpendicular. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jessen, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-059-9 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 96 BP 101 EP 112 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN02T UT WOS:000080431200009 ER PT S AU Gragg, WB AF Gragg, WB BE Chen, Z Li, Y Micchelli, CA Xu, Y TI Stabilization of the uhqr-algorithm SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS SE LECTURE NOTES IN PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Guangzhou International Symposium on Computational Mathematics CY 1997 CL ZHONGSHAN UNIV, GUANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Amer Lingnan Fdn, Assoc Sci & Technol Guangdong Province, Zhongshan Univ, ND State Univ HO ZHONGSHAN UNIV AB As noted in the references the unitary Hessenberg QR algorithm is fundamental for statistical signal analysis, as is the closely related inverse algorithm (iuhqr). These algorithms are analogous with algorithms, tqr and itqr, for real symmetric tridiagonal matrices. No claim of numerical stability for uhqr was made when it was introduced in 1986. Indeed, an open problem was to make uhqr perform as well as tqr. Here we introduce a device which appears, on the basis of a large number of experiments, to solve the problem. However, given the history of tqr, we must say that this fact awaits proof. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gragg, WB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0075-8469 BN 0-8247-1946-8 J9 LECT NOTES PURE APPL PY 1999 VL 202 BP 139 EP 154 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BL60G UT WOS:000075974400008 ER PT S AU Guth, PL AF Guth, PL BE Mericsko, RJ TI Quantifying topographic fabric: Eigenvector analysis using digital elevation models SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTER-ASSISTED RECOGNITION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th AIPR Workshop on Advances in Computer-Assisted Recognition CY OCT 14-16, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP SPIE, AIPR, Execut Comm DE digital elevation models; terrain analysis; eigenvalue analysis; fabric; geomorphometry AB Digital elevation models (DEMs) provide an estimate of the topographic fabric (the tendency for topography to have a preferred orientation) of the earth's surface. The algorithm extracts the eigenvectors and eigenvalues from a 3x3 matrix of the sums of the cross products of the directional cosines of the surface normals computed at each point in the DEM. The ratio of eigenvalues S-1 (largest) and S-2 measures the ruggedness of the terrain. The ratio of eigenvalues S-2 and S-3 (smallest) measures the tendency for the terrain to have a preferred orientation, while their orientation reflects the direction of dominant topographic fabric. Sample sizes of about 500-2500 points provide robust statistics, allowing sample regions of 1/2 to 1/3 square degree for global data sets and about 600 meters on a side with 30 m US topography. Topographic fabric appears to be a fundamental characteristic of landforms amenable to quantitative study. It should be included in terrain analysis and classification, and may lead to better estimates for cross-country mobility. C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Guth, PL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3054-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3584 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.1117/12.339825 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BM50D UT WOS:000078902500024 ER PT S AU Golden, JP Rowe, CA Feldstein, MJ Ligler, FS AF Golden, JP Rowe, CA Feldstein, MJ Ligler, FS BE Lakowicz, JR Soper, SA Thompson, RB TI Array biosensor: Recent developments SO ADVANCES IN FLUORESCENCE SENSING TECHNOLOGY IV, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Fluorescence Sensing Technology IV CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc, Coherent Laser Grp, ISS Inc, Molec Probes Inc, Opt Sensors Inc, Spectra Phys, Spectron Instruments Inc DE array; biosensor; CCD; fluorescence; fluidics ID IMMUNOSENSOR AB A fluorescence-based immunosensor has been developed for simultaneous analyses of multiple samples for 1 to 6 different antigens. A patterned array of recognition antibodies immobilized on the surface of a planar waveguide is used to "capture" analyte present in samples. Bound analyte is then quantified by means of fluorescent detector molecules. Upon excitation of the fluorescent label by a small diode laser, a CCD camera detects the pattern of fluorescent antigen:antibody complexes on the sensor surface. Image analysis software correlates the position of fluorescent signals with the identity of the analyte. A new design for a fluidics distribution system is shown, as well as results from assays for physiologically relevant concentrations of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), F1 antigen from Yersinia pestis, and D-dimer, a marker of sepsis and thrombotic disorders. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Golden, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3072-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3602 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1117/12.347546 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics GA BN09N UT WOS:000080657500015 ER PT B AU Rath, BB Pande, CS Imam, MA AF Rath, BB Pande, CS Imam, MA BE Ankem, S Pande, CS TI Annealing twins in boron doped nickel SO ADVANCES IN TWINNING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advances in Twinning, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Phys Met Comm ID FCC METALS; ALLOYS AB Presence of annealing twins has impact on the properties of many materials. The mechanism of formation of these twins have been subject of numerous studies over fifty years. Recent studies at Naval Research Laboratory have established a relation between twin density, grain size and temperature. A model of the mechanism of their formation based on the emergence of Shockley partial loops on consecutive {111} planes during grain migration has also been developed. Various experimental and theoretical results obtained over the years can be satisfactorily explained by this model. In this paper we provide additional experimental evidence in support of our model by investigating twin formation in boron doped nickel. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Component Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rath, BB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Component Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-430-5 PY 1999 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM93L UT WOS:000080185600001 ER PT B AU Fonda, RW Jones, HN Vandermeer, RA AF Fonda, RW Jones, HN Vandermeer, RA BE Ankem, S Pande, CS TI The shape memory effect in ruthenium alloys SO ADVANCES IN TWINNING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advances in Twinning, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Phys Met Comm ID TARU AB Ruthenium alloys with near-equiatomic of niobium and ruthenium or tantalum and ruthenium have been shown to exhibit the shape memory effect. The transformation which gives rise to the shape memory effect in these alloys causes a slight tetragonal distortion of the high-temperature cubic phase. The temperature of this transformation varies with composition from near room temperature up to 1100 degrees C for the Nb-Ru alloys and up to 1400 degrees C for the Ta-Ru alloys. This transformation produces a highly twinned microstructure which is readily deformed in thin foils through the introduction of additional twinning. Some compositions experience an additional transformation during further cooling to a monoclinic structure. This transformation does not contribute to the shape memory effect, but produces fine antiphase domain boundaries within the twinned microstructure. The shape memory effect was demonstrated in both alloy systems on sub-sized 3-point bend tests samples. After bending, these samples were reheated to above the shape memory transformation temperature, exhibiting a bend recovery corresponding to a strain recovery of 4-5% at the tensile surface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-430-5 PY 1999 BP 279 EP 285 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM93L UT WOS:000080185600019 ER PT S AU Steinle, H Bonnell, J Kinzer, RL Tzioumis, A Bignall, H Schonfelder, V Bennett, K Hermsen, W Ryan, J AF Steinle, H Bonnell, J Kinzer, RL Tzioumis, A Bignall, H Schonfelder, V Bennett, K Hermsen, W Ryan, J BE Schmitt, HR Kinney, AL Ho, LC TI Centaurus A: Multiwavelength observations of the nearest active galaxy from radio to gamma-rays SO AGN/NORMAL GALAXY CONNECTION SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E1 2 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission zE on the AGN/Normal Galaxy Connection, 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 12-19, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Comm Space Res ID PLANETARY-NEBULA SYSTEM; NGC-5128; DYNAMICS; NUCLEUS AB Centaurus A (Cen A, NGC 5128) is the nearest active galaxy and, notably, the viewing angle with respect to the jet axis is very large (> 70 degrees). A first contemporaneous OSSE, COMPTEL, and EGRET spectrum obtained in October 1991 covers an energy range from 50 keV up to 1 GeV. This gamma-ray broad-band spectrum was taken when Cen A was in an intermediate emission state as defined by the BATSE X-ray light-curve. The first simultaneous multiwavelength spectrum from radio to gamma-rays was measured in July 1995 when Cen A was in a low emission state (the prevailing state for the last 7 years). The different spatial and temporal resolution in the different frequency regimes produces problems in the construction and interpretation of the multiwavelength spectra. These are addressed in this paper. The detection of emission > 1 MeV makes the inclusion of such high-energy emission into models for the spectral energy distribution mandatory. (C) 1999 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NRL, Washington, DC USA. Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. ESTEC, Div Astrophys, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. SRON Utrecht, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Steinle, H (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Postach 1603, D-85740 Garching, Germany. RI Bignall, Hayley/B-2867-2013 OI Bignall, Hayley/0000-0001-6247-3071 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1999 VL 23 IS 5/6 BP 911 EP 914 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00239-2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BN23V UT WOS:000081222000017 ER PT B AU Steinberg, ML AF Steinberg, ML GP AIAA AIAA TI A comparison of intelligent, adaptive, and nonlinear flight control laws SO AIAA GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3: A COLLECTION OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 09-11, 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB This paper compares in simulation seven different nonlinear control laws for multi-axis control of a high performance aircraft. The control law approaches are fuzzy logic control, backstepping adaptive control, neural network augmented control, variable structure control, and indirect adaptive versions of Model Predictive Control and Dynamic Inversion. In addition, a more conventional scheduled dynamic inversion control law is used as a baseline. In some of the cases, a stochastic genetic algorithm was used to optimize fixed parameters during design. The control laws are demonstrated on a 6 Degree-of-Freedom simulation with nonlinear aerodynamic and engine models, actuator models with position and rate saturations, and turbulence. Simulation results include a variety of single and multiple axis maneuvers in normal operation and with failures or damage. The specific failure and damage cases that are examined include single and multiple lost surfaces, actuator hardovers, and an oscillating stabilator case. There are also substantial differences between the control law design and simulation models, which are used to demonstrate some robustness aspects of the different control laws. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Steinberg, ML (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-299-6 PY 1999 BP 488 EP 498 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BP87S UT WOS:000086465000050 ER PT B AU Page, AB Steinberg, ML AF Page, AB Steinberg, ML GP AIAA AIAA TI Effects of control allocation algorithms on a nonlinear adaptive design SO AIAA GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3: A COLLECTION OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 09-11, 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The effects of control allocation algorithms on a nonlinear adaptive control law design are examined. In particular, an existing backstepping control law is modified to allow the incorporation of various control allocation algorithms. Simulation results are presented for two versions of the adaptive control law design as well as for a non-adaptive two-loop dynamic inversion controller. With the control law designs fixed, tracking maneuvers are simulated using four separate control allocation routines: Direct Allocation, Discrete Time Direct Allocation, Pseudo-Inverse, and Weighted Pseudo-Inverse. System performance is then examined as a function of control allocation method. As expected, even though the remainder of the control law design remains unchanged, system performance is directly impacted by the choice of control allocation algorithm. Further, some of the important control law/control allocation interactions are identified and their effects on overall system performance are analyzed. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Page, AB (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-299-6 PY 1999 BP 1664 EP 1674 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BP87S UT WOS:000086465000168 ER PT B AU Wiles, GC Ohlmeyer, EJ Sitzman, GL Miller, BL Khoe, PK Pepitone, TR AF Wiles, GC Ohlmeyer, EJ Sitzman, GL Miller, BL Khoe, PK Pepitone, TR GP AIAA AIAA TI Active jamming cancellation concept for Extended Range Guided Munitions SO AIAA GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3: A COLLECTION OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 09-11, 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The Extended Range Guided Munition (ERGM) design philosophy focuses on in-flight calibration of inertial measurement unit (IMU) bias errors early in the flight in anticipation of enemy jamming and possible loss of Global Positioning System (GPS) aiding in the vicinity of the target area. To further mitigate the effects of jamming, ERGM also employs anti-jam and interference cancellation features. This paper assesses the performance of a tightly-coupled GPS-aided inertial navigation system (GPS/INS) and a conceptual active anti-jam system in the context of typical ERGM scenarios. A generic model of an antenna interference cancellation system was developed to provide a means of predicting the navigation system's dual antenna performance in the presence of jamming. Simulated performance data are presented depicting the behavior of the anti-jam system with respect to jammer power, frequency, polarization, and trajectory geometry. The interference cancellation model was also embedded in a GPS/INS navigation simulation and evaluated along two representative ERGM trajectories. The analysis assumed an early developmental ERGM configuration that differs from the final tactical design. Results for 40 and 60 nautical mile trajectories showed that the interference cancellation system provided good anti-jam immunity until very late in the trajectory in a severe jamming environment. GPS loss of lock occurred only seconds prior to impact resulting in navigation system accuracies which were within desired values. These preliminary performance data suggest that the ERGM navigation system can meet system accuracy requirements in the presence of anticipated levels of continuous wave and broadband jamming. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Wiles, GC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-299-6 PY 1999 BP 1716 EP 1728 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BP87S UT WOS:000086465000173 ER PT B AU Yakimenko, OA Demidov, VV AF Yakimenko, OA Demidov, VV GP AIAA AIAA TI Use of the cockpit-transformed simulator for testing of proposed algorithms of pilot's control actions during aircraft maneuvering support system SO AIAA MODELING AND SIMULATION TECHNOLOGIES CONFERENCE: A COLLECTION OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference CY AUG 09-11, 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Paper continues the previous researches, which deal with the design of specialized mobile adaptive training/simulation system (SpMATS) for modern multi-regime aircraft and its implementation for pilot's control actions during maneuvering support system (PSS) algorithms testing. Paper reminds the main ideas, general structure and some features of SpMATS, and also discloses its possibilities for different algorithms proposed for future on-board utilization research. The main part concerns the results of implementation, verification and semi-natural testing of PSS algorithms on different stages of flight on board of combat aircraft within the frame of SpMATS utilization, and evaluates PSS's helpfulness and effectiveness. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yakimenko, OA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code AA YK,699 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-301-1 PY 1999 BP 160 EP 170 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BP86K UT WOS:000086446300017 ER PT B AU Fargo, T AF Fargo, T BE Davis, JK Perry, CM AlSuwaidi, JS TI Theater air/missile defense systems and emerging operational concepts: A fifth fleet perspective SO AIR/MISSILE DEFENSE, COUNTER PROLIFERATION AND SECURITY POLICY PLANNING: IMPLICATIONS FOR COLLABORATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE GULF CO-OPERATION COUNCIL COUNTRIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Air/Missile Defense, Counter Proliferation and Security Policiy Planning CY MAR 29-31, 1998 CL ABU ZABY, U ARAB EMIRATES SP Inst Foreign Policy Anal Inc, Emirates Ctr Strateg Studies & Res C1 USN, Naval Operat Plans Policy & Operat Headquarters, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ST MARTINS PRESS INC PI NEW YORK PA SCHOLARLY AND REFERENCE BOOKS DIVISION, 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA BN 1-86064-491-0 PY 1999 BP 91 EP 97 PG 7 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BQ55K UT WOS:000088746000010 ER PT S AU Eversole, JD Roselle, D Seaver, ME AF Eversole, JD Roselle, D Seaver, ME BE Leonelli, J Althouse, ML TI Monitoring biological aerosols using UV fluorescence SO AIR MONITORING AND DETECTION OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Air Monitoring and Detection of Chemical and Biological Agents CY NOV 02-03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE bio-aerosols; UV fluorescence; particle monitoring AB An apparatus has been designed and constructed to continuously monitor the number density, size, and fluorescent emission of ambient aerosol particles. The application of fluorescence to biological particles suspended in the atmosphere requires laser excitation in the ultraviolet (UV) spectral region. In this study, a Nd:YAG laser is quadrupled to provide a 266nm wavelength to excite emission from single micrometer-sized particles in air. Fluorescent emission is used to continuously identify aerosol particles of biological origin. For calibration, biological samples of Bacillus subtilis spores and vegetative cells, Esherichia coli, Bacillus thuringiensis and Erwinia herbicola vegetative cells were prepared as suspensions in water and nebulized to produce aerosols. Detection of single aerosol particles, provides elastic scattering response as well as fluorescent emission in two spectral bands simultaneously. Our efforts have focuses on empirical characterization of the emission and scattering characteristics of various bacterial samples to determine the feasibility of optical discrimination between different cell types. Preliminary spsectroscopic evidence suggests that different samples can be distinguished as separate bio-aerosol groups. In addition to controlled sample results, we will also discuss the most recent results on the effectiveness of detecting outdoor releases and variations in environmental backgrounds. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eversole, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5615, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2994-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3533 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1117/12.336868 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BM42U UT WOS:000078691100005 ER PT S AU Mullen, L Contarino, VM Laux, A Concannon, B Davis, J Strand, M Coles, B AF Mullen, L Contarino, VM Laux, A Concannon, B Davis, J Strand, M Coles, B BE Gilbert, GD TI Modulated laser line scanner for enhanced underwater imaging SO AIRBORNE AND IN-WATER UNDERWATER IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne and In-Water Underwater Imaging CY JUL 21-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE lidar; underwater imaging; optical modulation; laser line scanner ID HYBRID LIDAR-RADAR AB Current Laser Line Scanner (LLS) sensor performance is limited in turbid water and in bright solar background conditions. In turbid water, backscattered and small angle forward scattered light reaching the receiver decreases underwater target contrast and resolution, Scattered solar energy reaching the detector also decreases detection sensitivity by increasing receiver noise. Thus, a technique which rejects unwanted, scattered light while retaining image-bearing photons is needed to improve underwater object detection and identification. The approach which we are investigating is the application of radar modulation and detection techniques to the LLS. This configuration will enable us to use optical modulation to discriminate against scattered light. A nonscanning mock-up of an existing LLS, the Electro-Optic Identification (EOID) sensor, has been developed with off-the-shelf components. An electro-optic modulator will be added to this system to create a modulated LLS prototype. Laboratory tank experiments will be conducted to evaluate the performance of the modulated LLS as a function of water clarity and solar background levels. The new system will be compared to its un modulated counterpart in terms of target contrast. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Mullen, L (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3247-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3761 BP 2 EP 9 DI 10.1117/12.366470 PG 8 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP12D UT WOS:000084180400001 ER PT S AU Davis-Lunde, K Jugan, L Shoemaker, JT AF Davis-Lunde, K Jugan, L Shoemaker, JT BE Gilbert, GD TI Use of LOGIC to support lidar operations SO AIRBORNE AND IN-WATER UNDERWATER IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne and In-Water Underwater Imaging CY JUL 21-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE Geographic Information System; ocean optics; optical properties; environmental effects; lidar performance prediction AB The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) and Planning Systems Incorporated (PSI) are developing the Littoral Optics Geospatial Integrated Capability (LOGIC). LOGIC supports NAVOCEANO's directive to assess the impact of the environment on Fleet systems in areas of operational interest. LOGIC is based in the Geographic Information System (GIS) ARC/INFO and offers a method to view and manipulate optics and ancillary data to support emerging Fleet lidar systems. LOGIC serves as a processing (as required) and quality-checking mechanism for data entering NAVOCEANO's Data Warehouse and handles both remotely sensed and in-water data. LOGIC provides a link between these data and the GIS-based Graphical User Interface (GUI), allowing the user to select data manipulation routines and/or system support products. The results of individual modules are displayed via the GIS to provide such products as lidar system performance, laser penetration depth, and asset vulnerability from a lidar threat. LOGIC is being developed for integration into other NAVOCEANO programs, most notably the Comprehensive Environmental Assessment System (CEAS), an established tool supporting sonar-based systems. The prototype for LOGIC was developed for the Yellow Sea, focusing on a diver visibility support product. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Davis-Lunde, K (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3247-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3761 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1117/12.366485 PG 5 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP12D UT WOS:000084180400004 ER PT S AU Concannon, BM Contarino, VM Alloca, DM Mullen, LJ AF Concannon, BM Contarino, VM Alloca, DM Mullen, LJ BE Gilbert, GD TI Characterization of signal induced artifacts in photo-multiplier tubes for underwater LIDAR applications SO AIRBORNE AND IN-WATER UNDERWATER IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne and In-Water Underwater Imaging CY JUL 21-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE photo-multiplier tube; PMT; LIDAR AB Many single shot, single pixel underwater LIDAR systems employ high performance photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs) in their receivers. While PMTs offer high gain with a low noise factor, the dynamic range of the output signal is limited by signal induced artifacts. These artifacts include decaying signals with long time constants and short duration "ghost reflection" signals. This paper will characterize the signal-induced artifacts for various single pixel PMTs with different photo-cathode materials and dynode materials. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Concannon, BM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Code 4556 Unit 6 Bldg 2185,22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3247-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3761 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.366478 PG 7 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP12D UT WOS:000084180400017 ER PT S AU Allocca, D Contarino, VM Mullen, L Ludbrook, G Holloway, T AF Allocca, D Contarino, VM Mullen, L Ludbrook, G Holloway, T BE Gilbert, GD TI Joint US-UK polarized lidar trial SO AIRBORNE AND IN-WATER UNDERWATER IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne and In-Water Underwater Imaging CY JUL 21-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE lidar; polarization; laser radar; underwater ID LASER; ATTENUATION AB Experiments with a blue-green laser radar system were conducted off the coasts of Ireland and Scotland in June, 1999. The purpose of this test was to measure the effect of the water optical properties on the polarization state and decay rate of the lidar return signal, The lidar system, the R-meter Survey System (KSS), was configured to transmit linearly polarized light and to receive cross-polarized light in one channel and both polarizations in the other channel. Several oceanographic ground truth instruments were used to measure the water optical properties, including transmission,absorption, backscatter coefficient, diffuse attenuation, temperature and salinity, as a function of depth. The KSS was mounted an the bow of one of the UK survey vessels, the HMS Roebuck, and the oceanographic instruments were deployed with a deck-mounted winch. The results presented in this paper were obtained both inside and outside of the continental shelf. Since these regions were characterized by different water optical properties, the sensitivity of the lidar return signal in terms of decay rate and polarization to different water clarities was determined. C1 USN, Air Warface Ctr, Aircraft Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Allocca, D (reprint author), USN, Air Warface Ctr, Aircraft Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3247-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3761 BP 174 EP 184 DI 10.1117/12.366480 PG 11 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP12D UT WOS:000084180400018 ER PT S AU Rogers, GW Mansfield, AW Rais, H Poehler, PL AF Rogers, GW Mansfield, AW Rais, H Poehler, PL BE Zelnio, EG TI IFSAR phase unwrapping in foliage and extreme terrain SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery VI CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic aperture radar; interferometry; IFSAR; phase unwrapping ID SAR AB Recent advances in the areas of phase history processing, interferometric SAR (IFSAR) processing algorithms, and radargrammetric adjustment have made it possible to extract extremely accurate Digital Elevation Model (DEM) information from SAR images. Results of tests using recent improvements by the authors in the phase unwrapping and interferogram conditioning steps show that it might be possible to obtain good elevation accuracy from noisy interferograms resulting from foliage or extreme terrain. Results of ERS-1/ERS-2 Tandem data are presented. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Rogers, GW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code G50, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3195-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3721 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1117/12.357633 PG 9 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BN77S UT WOS:000082902200002 ER PT J AU Hyams, KC AF Hyams, KC TI Shook over hell: post-traumatic stress, Vietnam, and the Civil War. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPNOSIS LA English DT Book Review ID PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; VETERANS C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Hyams, KC (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL HYPNOSIS PI CHICAGO PA 33 W GRAND AVE #402 STE 402, CHICAGO, IL 60610-4306 USA SN 0002-9157 J9 AM J CLIN HYPN JI Am. J. Clin. Hypn. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 41 IS 3 BP 284 EP 286 PG 3 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 249EY UT WOS:000083321000012 ER PT J AU Devereaux, CE Bemiller, T Brann, O AF Devereaux, CE Bemiller, T Brann, O TI Ascites and severe hepatitis complicating Epstein-Barr infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FULMINANT-HEPATITIS; CHILDREN; VIRUS AB Epstein-Barr (EB) virus infection is common, with up to 90% of individuals demonstrating positive titers by age 20, Although elevated liver function tests commonly occur, severe hepatitis is rare, Only six cases of ascites complicating Epstein-Barr infection are reported, but none clearly demonstrate the absence of other causes of hepatic dysfunction. A 37-yr-old male presented with a 4-wk history of upper respiratory tract symptoms, Over 3 days before admission he developed jaundice and right upper quadrant pain. After hospitalization, the patient developed tense ascites requiring paracentesis, Serum-ascitic albumin gradient was 0.3 g/dL. Liver function tests peaked at the following values: prothrombin time of 24.5 s, total bilirubin of 18.0 mg/dL, and transaminases in excess of 5000 IU/L, EB Virus IgG and IgM titers were 1:640 and >1:40, respectively. Other viral serologies and polymerase chain reactions were negative. The patient experienced a complete clinical and laboratory recovery over the next 6 months. This represents the first documentation of ascites complicating Epstein-Barr infection without other sources of hepatic dysfunction. It demonstrates a narrow serum-ascitic albumin gradient in these patients, and that complete recovery can occur with supportive care. (C) 1999 by Am. Coll. of Gastroenterology. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Devereaux, CE (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 94 IS 1 BP 236 EP 240 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 233KT UT WOS:000082426600046 PM 9934763 ER PT J AU McAndrews, KL Eastham, JH AF McAndrews, KL Eastham, JH TI Omeprazole and lansoprazole suspensions for nasogastric administration SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP McAndrews, KL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 56 IS 1 BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 157BD UT WOS:000078038300022 PM 10048885 ER PT J AU Gotuzzo, E Terashima, A Alvarez, H Tello, R Infante, R Watts, DM Freedman, DO AF Gotuzzo, E Terashima, A Alvarez, H Tello, R Infante, R Watts, DM Freedman, DO TI Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection associated with human T cell lymphotropic virus type-1 infection in Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB A study was conducted in Lima, Peru to determine if patients with Strongyloides hyperinfection had human T cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection. The study included patients with Strongyloides hyperinfection and a control group consisted of sex- and age-matched asymptomatic healthy individuals whose stools were negative for Strongyloides. A third group included patients with intestinal strongyloidiasis. Sera from each study subject were tested for HTLV-1/2I by an ELISA and Western blot. The HLTV-1 infection rates (85.7%, 18 of 21) were significantly (P < 0.001) associated with Strongyloides hyperinfection compared with the control group (4.7%, 1 of 21). The HTLV-1 rate (10%, 6 of 62) for patients with intestinal strongyloidiasis was significantly (P < 0.001) lower than patients with Strongyloides hyperinfection, but did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from the control group. The association of HTLV-1 infection was observed among 17 of 19 patients more than 20 years of age and one of two younger patients. None had HTLV-2 infection. In conclusion, Strongyloides hyperinfection among Peruvian patients was highly associated with HTLV-1 infection. C1 USN, Med Res Inst Detachment, Unit 3800, Amer Embassy, APO, AA 34031 USA. Univ Alabama, Div Geog Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Gotuzzo, E (reprint author), POB 4314, Lima 100, Peru. NR 29 TC 90 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 60 IS 1 BP 146 EP 149 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 163ZE UT WOS:000078436300026 PM 9988339 ER PT J AU Ransom, B Bennett, RH Baerwald, R Hulbert, VH Burkett, PJ AF Ransom, B Bennett, RH Baerwald, R Hulbert, VH Burkett, PJ TI In situ conditions and interactions between microbes and minerals in fine-grained marine sediments: A TEM microfabric perspective SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SOIL-MICROORGANISMS; ORGANIC-MATTER; BACTERIA; SURFACE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; COLONIZATION; ENVIRONMENTS; AGGREGATION; GLYCOCALYX AB Microbes, their exocellular secretions, and their impact on the mineralogy and microfabric of fine-grained continental margin sediments were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Techniques were used that retained the in situ spatial relations of both bio-organic and mineralogical constituents. Photomicrographs were taken of characteristic mineral-microbe associations in the first meter of burial at conditions ranging from aerobic to anaerobic. Single-celled prokaryotes, prokaryotic colonies, and eukaryotic organisms were observed as were motile, sessile, and predatory species. Bacterial cells dominate the assemblage. The most commonly observed mineral-biological interaction was the surrounding, or close association, of isolated heterotrophic bacterial cells by clay minerals. Almost without exception, the external surfaces of the bacteria were covered with secreted exocellular slimes composed of cross-linked polysaccharide fibrils. These fibrils act to bind sediment grains into relatively robust microaggregates, roughly less than or equal to 25 mu m in diameter. These exocellular polymers can significantly impact the interaction between microbes and minerals, as well as the chemical and physical transport of fluids and dissolved aqueous species through the sediment. Although pore water chemical profiles from the field sites studied have dissolved Fe and Mn, no close association was found between the microbes imaged and precipitated metal oxyhydroxides or other authigenic minerals, such as is commonly reported from laboratory cultures. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Seaprobe Inc, Picayune, MS 39566 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Resource Dynam, Florissant, MO 63031 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM bransom@ucsd.edu NR 75 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 11 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 183 EP 192 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 156TU UT WOS:000078018800020 ER PT J AU Murphy, TL Marino, L Morris, JA Deweerd, AL Ridgway, SH Fobbs, AJ Humblot, N Johnson, JI AF Murphy, TL Marino, L Morris, JA Deweerd, AL Ridgway, SH Fobbs, AJ Humblot, N Johnson, JI TI A 3-D atlas of the brain of a Beluga whale in magnetic resonance images SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USN, Marine Mamm Progr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NMHM, AFIP, Washington, DC USA. EM Johnij@aol.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PY 1999 VL 39 IS 5 SI SI MA 254D BP 134A EP 134A PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 292NE UT WOS:000085800400759 ER PT J AU Cygan, MT Collins, GE Dunbar, TD Allara, DL Gibbs, CG Gutsche, CD AF Cygan, MT Collins, GE Dunbar, TD Allara, DL Gibbs, CG Gutsche, CD TI Calixarene monolayers as quartz crystal microbalance sensing elements in aqueous solution SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; WAVE SENSOR; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ADSORPTION; SURFACES; GOLD; COMPLEXATION; RECOGNITION; DYNAMICS; COATINGS AB We have examined p-tert-butylcalix[4]arenetetrathiolate (BCAT) monolayers for their potential use as molecular recognition elements for in situ aqueous chemical sensors. Spectroscopic and wetting studies of BCAT monolayers on Au(lll) reveal that the calixarene molecules exist in monolayers, preferentially oriented with their phenyl rings parallel to the surface normal axis. Using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors with gold-coated electrodes, the chemical specificity of monolayers and thin films to a variety of aromatic and aliphatic analytes in aqueous solution was examined. The response of BCAT sensors was compared to the responses of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (BCA)- and decanethiolate (DT)-coated QCM electrodes. BCAT is very selective for alkylbenzenes, much more so than either its spray-coated thin-film analogue, BCA, or the highly ordered DT monolayer. From these measurements, the factors behind molecular differentiation in each film are explored. Drawing upon these findings, the roles of cavitation and film order in molecular recognition for calixarene films are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst 185, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Texas Christian Univ, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6116, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gcollins@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 52 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 1 BP 142 EP 148 DI 10.1021/ac980659b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 155BF UT WOS:000077925500030 PM 21662936 ER PT J AU Johnson, TM Moore, HJ AF Johnson, TM Moore, HJ TI Cranial nerve X and XII paralysis (Tapia's syndrome) after an interscalene brachial plexus block for a left shoulder Mumford procedure SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cranial nerve palsy; dissection C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Johnson, TM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD JAN PY 1999 VL 90 IS 1 BP 311 EP 312 DI 10.1097/00000542-199901000-00040 PG 2 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 153VH UT WOS:000077853300039 PM 9915343 ER PT J AU Green, MM Park, JW Sato, T Teramoto, A Lifson, S Selinger, RLB Selinger, JV AF Green, MM Park, JW Sato, T Teramoto, A Lifson, S Selinger, RLB Selinger, JV TI The macromolecular route to chiral amplification SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE asymmetric amplification; chirality; helical structures; polymers ID OPTICALLY-ACTIVE POLYISOCYANATES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DEPENDENCE; D-AMINO ACIDS; POLY(HEXYL ISOCYANATE); DILUTE-SOLUTION; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; POLY(NORMAL-ALKYL ISOCYANATES); CONFORMATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS; POLY(N-HEXYL ISOCYANATE); SEMIFLEXIBLE POLYMERS C1 Polytech Univ, Herman F Mark Polymer Res Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Osaka Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Chem Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Green, MM (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Herman F Mark Polymer Res Inst, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM mgreen@duke.poly.edu RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010; OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457; Selinger, Robin/0000-0002-6519-9685; Park, Ji-Woong/0000-0002-8783-3675 NR 119 TC 179 Z9 180 U1 1 U2 36 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 21 BP 3139 EP 3154 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 253LU UT WOS:000083558700003 ER PT J AU Brook, I Frazier, EH AF Brook, I Frazier, EH TI Aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of keratitis SO ANNALS OF OPHTHALMOLOGY & GLAUCOMA LA English DT Article ID ACUTE CONJUNCTIVITIS; INFECTIONS; BACTERIOLOGY; BACTEROIDES; CLOSTRIDIUM; CHILDREN; GROWTH; COCCI AB Our study was designed to investigate the aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of keratitis. We conducted a retrospective review of the clinical and microbiological records of samples collected for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria as well as fungi from patients from 1973 to 1990. A total of 173 organisms (1.2 per specimen)-98 aerobic or facultative anaerobic, 68 anaerobic, and 7 fungi-were recovered. These data highlight the potential importance of anaerobic bacteria in keratitis. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD USA. USN Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Brook, I (reprint author), POB 70412, Chevy Chase, MD 20813 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CONTEMPORARY OPHTHALMOLOGY PI SKOKIE PA 4711 GOLF RD, SUITE 408, SKOKIE, IL 60076-1242 USA SN 1079-4794 J9 ANN OPHTHALMOL GLAUC JI Ann. Ophthalmol. Glaucoma PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 31 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 170CJ UT WOS:000078788000007 ER PT B AU Wolff, MT Imamura, JN Middleditch, J Wood, KS Steiman-Cameron, T AF Wolff, MT Imamura, JN Middleditch, J Wood, KS Steiman-Cameron, T BE Hellier, C Mukai, K TI RXTE observations of the AM Herculis object BL Hydri SO ANNAPOLIS WORKSHOP ON MAGNETIC CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annapolis Workshop on Magnetic Cataclysmic Variables CY JUL 13-17, 1998 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; DRIVEN RADIATIVE SHOCKS; HYI AB We obtained high state X-ray observations of BL Hyi using the PCA detectors of the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer on 24-28 Sep and 17 Oct 1997. The light curves were consistent with two active accretion poles with the brighter pole yielding similar to 10 counts s(-1) and the weaker pole similar to 3 counts s(-1). The bright pole spectrum was well-fit by an absorbed bremsstrahlung (temperature kT approximate to 11 keV) with a Gaussian emission line at E similar to 6.8 keV with equivalent width EW similar to 858 eV, and absorption column N-H similar to 1.3X10(22) Cm-2. An upper limit of 20-25% was placed on 0.2-0.8 Hz X-ray QPOs. Nearly simultaneous optical observations found 0.2-0.8 Hz QPOs of amplitude 2.7% +/- 0.2% (Wolff et al. 1999). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wolff, MT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-77-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 157 BP 149 EP 152 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BM90T UT WOS:000080088400024 ER PT J AU Johnston, KJ AF Johnston, KJ TI Reference frames in astronomy SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE astrometry; reference frames; reference systems ID OPTICAL REFERENCE FRAME; EXTRAGALACTIC REFERENCE SYSTEM; ADDITIONAL SOURCE POSITIONS; RADIO-SOURCE POSITIONS; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; HIPPARCOS-CATALOG; PRECISE POSITIONS; VLBA OBSERVATIONS; PROPER MOTION AB Advances In wide-angle astrometric measurements of three to four orders of magnitude in the last thirty years have resulted in a redefinition of the fundamental astronomical reference frame. This new frame, the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF), is based on the radio positions of 212 compact extragalactic radio sources. The ICRF defines the direction of the axes of the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS) with a precision of approximately 20 mu as. At optical wavelengths, the Hipparcos catalog is the realization of this frame. The precision with which the ICRF is now determined requires that the ICRS models for precession, nutation, and others, be revised. Increases in the precision of measurements from astrometric space missions will further improve the celestial reference frame and may require its redefinition within the next ten years. These improvements will again challenge the models for the celestial reference system. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Hamburger Sterwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. RP USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM kjj@astro.usno.navy.mil NR 129 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4146 J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. PY 1999 VL 37 BP 97 EP 125 DI 10.1146/annurev.astro.37.1.97 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 258WL UT WOS:000083862600005 ER PT J AU Gutmark, EJ Grinstein, FF AF Gutmark, EJ Grinstein, FF TI Flow control with noncircular jets SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Review DE vortices; mixing; combustion; entrainment ID TURBULENT MIXING LAYERS; FREE SQUARE JETS; RECTANGULAR JETS; SUPERSONIC JETS; ELLIPTIC JETS; AXISYMMETRICAL JET; CONTROLLED EXCITATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; STREAMWISE VORTICITY; COHERENT STRUCTURES AB Noncircular jets have been the topic of extensive research in the last fifteen years. These jets were identified as an efficient technique of passive flow control that allows significant improvements of performance in various practical systems at a relatively low cost because noncircular jets rely solely on changes in the geometry of the nozzle. The applications of noncircular jets discussed in this review include improved large- and small-scale mixing in low- and high-speed flows, and enhanced combustor performance, by improving combustion efficiency, reducing combustion instabilities and undesired emissions. Additional applications include noise suppression, heat transfer, and thrust vector control (TVC). The flow patterns associated with noncircular jets involve mechanisms of vortex evolution and interaction, flow instabilities, and fine-scale turbulence augmentation. Stability theory identified the effects of initial momentum thickness distribution, aspect ratio, and radius of curvature on the initial how evolution. Experiments revealed complex vortex evolution and interaction related to self-induction and interaction between azimuthal and axial vortices, which lead to axis switching in the mean flow field. Numerical simulations described the details and clarified mechanisms of vorticity dynamics and effects of heat release and reaction on noncircular jet behavior. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gutmark, EJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM gutmark@me.lsu.edu; grinstei@lcp.nrl.navy.mil OI Gutmark, Ephraim/0000-0001-7816-4257 NR 106 TC 234 Z9 240 U1 4 U2 40 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4189 J9 ANNU REV FLUID MECH JI Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. PY 1999 VL 31 BP 239 EP + DI 10.1146/annurev.fluid.31.1.239 PG 37 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 164KJ UT WOS:000078462900007 ER PT S AU Van Nevel, AJ Creusere, CD AF Van Nevel, AJ Creusere, CD BE Tescher, AG TI Intelligent bandwidth compression SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXII CY JUL 20-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE wavelet compression; texture recognition; pattern recognition ID CORRELATION FILTERS; SEGMENTATION AB In this paper we present a novel synthesis of embedded compression and texture recognition. In order to maximize the information content of a transmitted image, a texture recognition and segmentation algorithm is used to identify potential areas of disinterest, and the compression algorithm regionally compresses the image, allocating fewer bits to textured regions. In this method, higher resolution is achieved in areas that potentially are of more interest to a viewer. C1 USN, Air Weap Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Van Nevel, AJ (reprint author), USN, Air Weap Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3294-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3808 BP 129 EP 139 DI 10.1117/12.365829 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BN98Z UT WOS:000083768500013 ER PT J AU Holmes, JL Kirkwood, CD Gerna, G Clemens, JD Rao, MR Naficy, AB Abu-Elyazeed, R Savarino, SJ Glass, RI Gentsch, JR AF Holmes, JL Kirkwood, CD Gerna, G Clemens, JD Rao, MR Naficy, AB Abu-Elyazeed, R Savarino, SJ Glass, RI Gentsch, JR TI Characterization of unusual G8 rotavirus strains isolated from Egyptian children SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BOVINE ROTAVIRUSES; BRAZILIAN CHILDREN; RELATIVE FREQUENCY; VP4 SEROTYPE; PROTEIN VP4; SUBGROUP-I; IDENTIFICATION AB We report the first detection of P[14], G8 rotaviruses isolated in Egypt from the stool of children participating in a 3 year study of rotavirus epidemiology. Two strains, EGY1850 and EGY2295, were characterized by a serotyping enzyme immunoassay (EIA), virus neutralization, and sequence analysis of the genes encoding VP7 and the VP8* portion of the VP4 gene. These two strains shared a high level of homology of their VP7s (87.8% nucleotide [nt], 97.2% amino acid [aa]) and VP4s (89.6% nt, 97.1% aa) and had the highest VP7 identity to serotype G8 (>82% nt, >92% aa) and VP4 identity to genotype P[14] (greater than or equal to 81% nt, >91% aa) strains. Serological results with a VP7 G8-specific and VP4 P[14]-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies supported the genetic classification of EGY1850 and EGY2295 as P[14], G8. Genogroup analysis supports earlier findings that human G8 rotaviruses may be genetically related to bovine rotaviruses. These findings demonstrate that our understanding of the geographic distribution of rotavirus strains is incomplete, emphasize the need to monitor rotavirus serotypes, and extend the known distribution of serotype G8 and genotype P[14] strains in Africa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect MS G04, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Nat Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Policlin San Matteo, IRCCS, Viral Diagnost Serv, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Holmes, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect MS G04, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Nat Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 56 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1999 VL 144 IS 7 BP 1381 EP 1396 DI 10.1007/s007050050594 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA 221TE UT WOS:000081741700009 PM 10481744 ER PT B AU Reneker, M Jacobson, A Wargo, L Spink, A AF Reneker, M Jacobson, A Wargo, L Spink, A BE Woods, L TI Information environment of a military university campus: An exploratory study SO ASIS 99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 62ND ASIS ANNUAL MEETING, VOL 36, 1999: KNOWLEDGE: CREATION ORGANIZATION AND USE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIS ANNUAL MEETINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Information-Science on Knowledge - Creation, Organization and Use CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Informat Sci ID SEEKING AB The Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) is a military university educating officers from the United States and 40 foreign countries. To investigate the NPS information environment a large study obtained data on the range of information needs and behaviors of NPS personnel. The specific aim of the study was to supply organizational units with qualitative data specific to their client base, enabling them to improve campus systems and information services. Facilitators from the NPS Organizational Support Division conducted eighteen (18) focus groups during Spring Quarter 1998. Transcribed focus group sessions were analyzed using NUDIST software to identify key issues and results emerging from the data set. Categories of participants' information needs were identified, including an analysis of key information issues across the NPS campus. Use of Internet resources, other trusted individuals, and electronic indexes and abstracts ranked high among information sources used by NPS personnel. PL picture emerges of a campus information environment poorly understood by the academic community. The three groups (students, staff and faculty) articulated different concerns and look to different sources to satisfy their information needs. Participants' information seeking problems centered on: (1) housing, registration and scheduling, computing and the quality of information available on the campus computer network, (2) an inability to easily disseminate information quickly to an appropriate campus audience, and (3) training in new information access technologies, and (4) the general lack of awareness of library resources and services. The paper discusses a method for more effectively disseminating information throughout the campus. Implications for the development of information seeking models and a model of the NPS information environment are discussed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RI Jacobson, Ann/E-2175-2014 OI Jacobson, Ann/0000-0002-6770-9458 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INFORMATION TODAY INC PI MEDFORD PA 143 OLD MARLTON PIKE, MEDFORD, NJ 08055 USA BN 1-57387-091-9 J9 P ASIS ANN PY 1999 VL 36 BP 462 EP 471 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BP82C UT WOS:000086299400042 ER PT B AU Sengupta, K AF Sengupta, K BE Haseman, WD Nazareth, DL TI The use of computer-based experimental microworlds in IS research SO ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH AMERICAS CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS (AMCIS 1999) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th AIS Americas Conference on Information Systems CY AUG 13-15, 1999 CL MILWAUKEE, WI SP Assoc Informat Syst ID SOFTWARE PROJECTS; INFORMATION AB There is a strong tradition in IS research of laboratory-based experimental studies. The attractiveness of laboratory environments is often due to the fact that they provide the researcher with a degree of control over the core and contextual elements of a study that is generally not available in a field setting. However, the increased control is frequently accompanied by a loss of realism and richness that are characteristic of naturalistic settings in which decision makers operate. This constrains the researcher's ability to devise complex, multi-period experiments that mimic real-life settings. Over the past decade, advances in computer-based experimental microworlds have significantly enhanced the feasibility of replicating complex environments in laboratory settings. An experimental microworld simulates a particular domain of interest, typically through a set of mathematical model(s). Subjects interact with these microworlds in specific experimental situations. Thus, by using microworlds, a researcher is able to create realistic settings of complex, dynamic environments, while at the same time retaining control over the study. As a result, microworlds have gained increasing acceptance as a tool for conducting laboratory-based research. This tutorial will provide an overview of the core issues underlying the development and use of computer-based microworlds in IS research. It will also discuss the pragmatics of publishing research that employs microworlds. The material covered in the tutorial will be illustrated through the example of a microworld that has been extensively employed by the presenter in his research. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sengupta, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOCIATION INFORMATION SYSTEMS PI ATLANTA PA P.O. BOX 2712, ATLANTA, GA 30301-2712 USA PY 1999 BP 845 EP 847 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BP73H UT WOS:000086012100296 ER PT J AU Whiting, AB AF Whiting, AB TI Angular momentum in the sculptor group SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual (Sculptor Group); galaxies : formation; galaxies : individual (NGC 45, NGC 55, NGC 247, NGC 253, NGC 300, NGC 7793); galaxies : interactions; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics ID GROUP GALAXIES; TIDAL TORQUES; LOCAL GROUP; H-I; PROTOGALAXIES; EVOLUTION; SPIN AB The spins of the major galaxies in the nearby Sculptor Group agree with those calculated to be produced by tidal interactions among themselves. The agreement is closer than would be expected from published uncertainties in distances, indicating either that these uncertainties are smaller than calculated or that they are correlated. Three pairs of galaxies (NGC 55 and 300, 247 and 253, and 45 and 7793) are in approximate two-body orbits; the direction of orbital angular momentum for the first two pairs is derived. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Whiting, AB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 117 IS 1 BP 202 EP 205 DI 10.1086/300702 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 158GU UT WOS:000078108300021 ER PT J AU Harris, HC Vrba, FJ Dahn, CC Guetter, HH Henden, AA Luginbuhl, CB Monet, AKB Monet, DG Pier, JR Stone, RC Walker, RL AF Harris, HC Vrba, FJ Dahn, CC Guetter, HH Henden, AA Luginbuhl, CB Monet, AKB Monet, DG Pier, JR Stone, RC Walker, RL TI Astrometry and photometry for brown dwarf candidates in the Hyades SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; color-magnitude diagrams; open clusters and associations : individual (Hyades); stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID LOW-MASS STARS; PARALLAXES; CLUSTER; REGION AB Updated VIJHK photometry is presented for 12 stars from Leggett & Hawkins, along with trigonometric parallaxes and proper motions for three of the stars, that are candidate brown dwarfs in the Hyades. The three stars with parallaxes are found to lie well beyond the Hyades cluster and to fall 3-4 mag above the main sequence, indicating that they are pre-main-sequence objects. These results illustrate the problem that contaminating field stars pose for attempts to identify rare objects such as brown dwarfs as physical members of clusters. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, PBO 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 117 IS 1 BP 339 EP 342 DI 10.1086/300692 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 158GU UT WOS:000078108300032 ER PT J AU Valinia, A Marshall, FE Kinzer, RL AF Valinia, A Marshall, FE Kinzer, RL TI Hard X-ray/soft gamma-ray observations of the Galactic Background Radiation: unresolved discrete sources? SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE Milky Way; X-rays; gamma-rays; cosmic rays ID EMISSION AB The Galactic background radiation near the Scutum Arm was observed simultaneously with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) and the Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) in order to constrain the spectral shape and the origin of the emission in the hard X-ray/soft gamma-ray band. The spectrum in the 3 keV to 1 MeV band is well modeled by 4 components: a high energy continuum dominating above 500 keV that call be characterized by a power law of photon index similar to 1.6 below 1 MeV; a positron annihilation line at 511 keV and positronium continuum; a variable hard X-ray/soft gamma-ray component that dominates between 10-400 keV (with a minimum detected flux of similar to 7.7 x 10(-7) photons cm(-2) s(-1) keV(-1) deg(-2) at 100 keV averaged over the field of view of OSSE) and is well modeled by an exponentially cut off power law of photon index similar to 0.6 and energy cut off at similar to 41 keV; and finally a Raymond-Smith thermal plasma model of solar abundances and temperature similar to 2.6 keV that dominates below 10 keV. We estimate that at 60 and 100 keV, the contribution of bright discrete sources to the minimum flux detected by OSSE was similar to 49% and similar to 20%, respectively. This implies that the spectrum of the residual, unresolved emission is harder than that measured with the above power law. This emission may be interpreted either as truly diffuse emission with a hard spectrum (such as that from inverse Compton scattering) or the superposition of discrete sources that have very hard spectra. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Valinia, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 1999 VL 320 IS 4-5 BP 179 EP 180 DI 10.1002/1521-3994(199908)320:4/5<179::AID-ASNA179>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266AD UT WOS:000084277700006 ER PT J AU Turler, M Paltani, S Courvoisier, TJL Aller, MF Aller, HD Blecha, A Bouchet, P Lainela, M McHardy, IM Robson, EI Stevens, JA Terasranta, H Tornikoski, M Ulrich, MH Waltman, EB Wamsteker, W Wright, MCH AF Turler, M Paltani, S Courvoisier, TJL Aller, MF Aller, HD Blecha, A Bouchet, P Lainela, M McHardy, IM Robson, EI Stevens, JA Terasranta, H Tornikoski, M Ulrich, MH Waltman, EB Wamsteker, W Wright, MCH TI 30 years of multi-wavelength observations of 3C 273 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE astronomical data bases : miscellaneous; quasars : general; quasars : individual : 3C 273; radio continuum : galaxies; ultraviolet : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; MILLIMETER CONTINUUM MEASUREMENTS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; ULTRAVIOLET CONTINUUM; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; OPTICAL VARIABILITY; TIME VARIABILITY; HOST GALAXIES AB We present a wide multi-wavelength database of most observations of the quasar 3C 273 obtained during the last 30 years. This database is the most complete set of observations available for an active galactic nucleus (AGN). It contains nearly 20 000 observations grouped together into 70 light curves covering 16 orders of magnitude in frequency from the radio to the gamma-ray domain. The database is constituted of many previously unpublished observations and of most publicly available data gathered in the literature and on the World Wide Web (WWW). It is complete to the best of our knowledge, except in the optical (UBV) domain where we chose not to add all observations from the literature. In addition to the photometric data, we present the spectra of 3C 273 obtained by the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) satellite. In the X-ray domain, we used the spectral fit parameters from the literature to construct the light curves. Apart from describing the data, we show the most representative light curves and the average spectrum of 3C 273. The database is available on the WWW in a homogeneous and clear form and we wish to update it regularly by adding new observations. C1 Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. Tuorla Observ, FIN-21500 Piikio, Finland. Univ Southampton, Dept Phys, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Metsahovi Radio Observ, Metsahovintie, FIN-02540 Kylmala, Finland. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ESA Vilspa, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Turler, M (reprint author), Observ Geneva, Ch Maillettes 51, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. EM Marc.Turler@obs.unige.ch NR 120 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0365-0138 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS SUP JI Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 134 IS 1 BP 89 EP 101 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 162DU UT WOS:000078330800008 ER PT J AU Brinkmann, W Chester, M Kollgaard, R Feigelson, E Voges, W Hertz, P AF Brinkmann, W Chester, M Kollgaard, R Feigelson, E Voges, W Hertz, P TI Radio-loud ROSAT sources near the North Ecliptic Pole SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; clusters : general; quasars : general; X-rays : general; radio continuum : galaxies ID MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; ALL-SKY SURVEY; BRIGHT QUASAR SURVEY; X-RAY-EMISSION; ABELL CLUSTERS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; ACTIVE GALAXIES; COMPLETE SAMPLE; QUIET QUASARS; 38 MHZ AB A deep and large-area survey of the North Ecliptic Pole region was made with the ROSAT All-Sky Survey and the VLA to elucidate the population of radio-loud extragalactic objects. A region of 29.3 square degrees was surveyed With sensitivities around 5 10(-14) erg s(-1) cm(-2) in the soft X-ray band and 1 mJy at 1.5 GHz. Optical counterparts were sought on digitized Schmidt plates from POSS-I and II. Seventy-four reliable RASS-VLA sources were found. The sample is a heterogeneous mixture of Seyfert galaxies, quasars, BL Lac objects, galaxy clusters and groups containing a radio galaxy. Optical magnitudes range from B similar or equal to 14 to B > 22. Three results are noteworthy: (1) the bimodality in the ratio of radio to optical emission seen in optically- and X-ray-selected AGN samples is also evident in the ROSAT-VLA objects; (2) X-ray and radio selection is an effective method for locating poor galaxy clusters and groups; and (3) a considerable population of optically faint but X-ray/radio-bright objects is present. This last group may be either distant clusters with radio galaxies or "red quasars". C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Bucknell Univ, Dept Phys, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brinkmann, W (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, POB 1603, D-85740 Garching, Germany. EM wpb@rzg.mpg.de NR 81 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0365-0138 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS SUP JI Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 134 IS 2 BP 221 EP 240 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 161NC UT WOS:000078294400003 ER PT J AU Beall, JH Bednarek, W AF Beall, JH Bednarek, W TI On the hadronic beam model for gamma-ray production in blazars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : individual (Markarian 421); galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; gamma rays : theory; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; LACERTAE OBJECT MARKARIAN-421; ELECTRON-POSITRON BEAMS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; GALAXY MARKARIAN-421; INTRADAY VARIABILITY; EGRET OBSERVATIONS; ACCRETION DISK; TEV PHOTONS AB We consider a model for gamma-ray production in blazars in which a relativistic, highly collimated electron-proton beam interacts with a dense, compact cloud as the jet propagates through the broad- and perhaps narrow-line regions of active galactic nuclei. During the propagation of the beam through the cloud, the process of excitation of plasma waves becomes an important energy-loss mechanism, especially for mildly relativistic proton beams. We compute the expected spectra of gamma-rays from the decay of neutral pions produced in hadronic collisions of the beam with the cloud, taking into account collisionless losses of the electron-proton beam. This model may explain the X-ray and TeV gamma-ray (both low and high emission states) of Mrk 421 as a result of synchrotron emission of secondary pairs from the decay of charged pions and gamma-ray emission from the decay of neutral pions for the plausible cloud parameters. However, clouds cannot be too hot and too dense. Otherwise, the TeV gamma-rays can be attenuated by the bremsstrahlung radiation in the cloud and the secondary pairs are not able to efficiently produce synchrotron flares because of the dominant role of inverse Compton scattering. The nonvariable gamma-ray emission observed from Mrk 421 in the EGRET energy range cannot be described by the gamma-rays from decay of neutral pions provided that the spectrum of protons in the beam is well described by a simple power law. These gamma-rays might only be produced by secondary pairs scattering the soft nonvariable X-rays, which might originate in the inner part of the accretion disk. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. St Johns Coll, Annapolis, MD 21404 USA. Univ Lodz, Dept Expt Phys, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland. RP Beall, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 71 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 510 IS 1 BP 188 EP 196 DI 10.1086/306555 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176NG UT WOS:000079157400017 ER PT J AU Antiochos, SK DeVore, CR Klimchuk, JA AF Antiochos, SK DeVore, CR Klimchuk, JA TI A model for solar coronal mass ejections SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : flares; Sun : particle emission ID FREE MAGNETIC-FIELDS; EVOLUTION; ARCADES; ENERGY; SHEAR; EQUILIBRIUM; ERUPTION; MOTION; FLARES AB We propose a new model for the initiation of a solar coronal mass ejection (CME). The model agrees with two properties of CMEs and eruptive flares that have proved to be very difficult to explain with previous models: (1) very low-lying magnetic field lines, down to the photospheric neutral line, can open toward infinity during an eruption; and (2) the eruption is driven solely by magnetic free energy stored in a closed, sheared arcade. Consequently, the magnetic energy of the closed state is well above that of the posteruption open state. The key new feature of our model is that CMEs occur in multipolar topologies in which reconnection between a sheared arcade and neighboring flux systems triggers the eruption. In this "magnetic breakout" model, reconnection removes the unsheared field above the low-lying, sheared core flux near the neutral line, thereby allowing this core flux to burst open. We present numerical simulations that demonstrate our model can account for the energy requirements for CMEs. We discuss the implication of the model for CME/flare prediction. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Antiochos, SK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305; Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X NR 37 TC 750 Z9 760 U1 6 U2 41 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 510 IS 1 BP 485 EP 493 DI 10.1086/306563 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176NG UT WOS:000079157400041 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Li, H Chiang, J AF Dermer, CD Li, H Chiang, J TI Correlated spectral and temporal variability in the high-energy emission from blazars SO ASTROPHYSICAL LETTERS & COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Integral Workshop on the Extreme Universe CY SEP 14-18, 1998 CL TAROMINA, ITALY DE blazers; galaxies; jets; radiation mechanism; nonthermal ID BL-LACERTAE; GAMMA-RAY; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; OBJECT PKS-2155-304; FLARE; MARKARIAN-421 AB Blazar Bare data show energy-dependent lags and correlated variability between optical/X-ray and GeV-TeV energies, and follow characteristic trajectories when plotted in the spectral-index/flux plane. This behavior is qualitatively explained if nonthermal electrons are injected over a finite time interval in the comoving plasma frame and cool by radiative processes. Numerical results are presented which show the importance of the effects of synchrotron self-Compton cooling and plasmoid deceleration. The use of INTEGRAL to advance our understanding of these systems is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NRL, NRC, Washington, DC USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0888-6512 J9 ASTROPHYS LETT COMM JI Astrophys. Lett. Comm. PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1-6 BP 469 EP 476 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 357NR UT WOS:000089508200001 ER PT J AU Bottcher, M Dermer, CD AF Bottcher, M Dermer, CD TI The Compton mirror model for blazar flares SO ASTROPHYSICAL LETTERS & COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Integral Workshop on the Extreme Universe CY SEP 14-18, 1998 CL TAROMINA, ITALY DE galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID GAMMA-RAYS; EMISSION; 3C-279; JET AB We present a detailed study of the synchrotron mirror scenario. This model was suggested to explain very pronounced, short flares of gamma radiation as a blob of ultrarelativistic pair plasma in a relativistic jet approaches the clouds of the broad-line region (BLR) in quasars. Our analysis properly treats the angular distribution of the beamed radiation, the finite extent of the scattering region and light travel time effects. We compare the resulting soft photon density and inverse-Compton power to the respective quantities resulting from competing mechanisms. Our results imply that Thomson thick clouds of narrow extent must be present for the synchrotron mirror mechanism to operate efficiently compared to other mechanisms. This may pose difficulty for the model in lineless BL Lac sources, where such hares are common and the BLR is weak or absent. Furthermore, such a cloud configuration is much more likely to produce Bares via Compton scattering of external (e. g., rescattered accretion-disk) radiation. C1 Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bottcher, M (reprint author), Rice Univ, MS 108,6100 S Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0888-6512 J9 ASTROPHYS LETT COMM JI Astrophys. Lett. Comm. PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1-6 BP 597 EP 600 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 357NR UT WOS:000089508200030 ER PT J AU Wood, KS AF Wood, KS CA GLAST Collaboration TI The Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) SO ASTROPHYSICAL LETTERS & COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Integral Workshop on the Extreme Universe CY SEP 14-18, 1998 CL TAROMINA, ITALY DE high-energy gamma-ray astronomy AB The Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) is an imaging gamma-ray telescope sensitive to energies from 20 MeV to 300 GeV. The baseline GLAST has area and angular acceptance each about an order of magnitude greater than corresponding values for the EGRET instrument on CGRO. GLAST's point spread function is narrower than that of EGRET (with single photon 68% containment radius of 0.3 degrees at 1 GeV), achieved through use of solid state (silicon strip) tracker technology. In 1998 NASA has initiated an Advanced Technology Development Program for GLAST, and it is now part of the NASA OSS Strategic Plan. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wood, KS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0888-6512 J9 ASTROPHYS LETT COMM JI Astrophys. Lett. Comm. PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1-6 BP 929 EP 932 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 357NR UT WOS:000089508200102 ER PT J AU McCollough, ML Robinson, CR Zhang, SN Harmon, BA Paciesas, WS Dieters, S Phengchamnan, S Hjellming, RM Rupen, M Mioduszewski, AJ Waltman, EB Ghigo, FD Pooley, GG Fender, RP Cui, W Trushkin, S AF McCollough, ML Robinson, CR Zhang, SN Harmon, BA Paciesas, WS Dieters, S Phengchamnan, S Hjellming, RM Rupen, M Mioduszewski, AJ Waltman, EB Ghigo, FD Pooley, GG Fender, RP Cui, W Trushkin, S TI X-ray spectral behavior of the relativistic jet source Cygnus X-3 SO ASTROPHYSICAL LETTERS & COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Integral Workshop on the Extreme Universe CY SEP 14-18, 1998 CL TAROMINA, ITALY DE Cygnus X-3; X-ray binary; radio source; relativistic jets AB Cyg X-3 is an unusual X-ray binary which shows remarkable correlative behavior between the hard X-ray, soft X-ray, and the radio. We present an analysis of these long term light curves in the context of spectral changes of the system. This analysis also incorporates a set of pointed RXTE observations made during a period when Cyg X-3 made a transition from a Baring state (including a major Rare) to a quiescent radio state. C1 Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, VLA, JIVE, Socorro, NM 87901 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, GBI, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Mullard Radio Astron Observ, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Special Astrophys Observ, Nizhni Arkhyz 357147, Russia. RP McCollough, ML (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0888-6512 J9 ASTROPHYS LETT COMM JI Astrophys. Lett. Comm. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 1-6 BP 105 EP + PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 357NP UT WOS:000089508000027 ER PT J AU Fender, RP Garrington, ST McKay, DJ Muxlow, TWB Pooley, GG Spencer, RE Stirling, AM Waltman, EB AF Fender, RP Garrington, ST McKay, DJ Muxlow, TWB Pooley, GG Spencer, RE Stirling, AM Waltman, EB TI MERLIN observations of superluminal motions in GRS 1915+105 SO ASTROPHYSICAL LETTERS & COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Integral Workshop on the Extreme Universe CY SEP 14-18, 1998 CL TAROMINA, ITALY DE stars : individual; GRS 1915+105 ID GRS-1915+105; EJECTION AB We present a brief-discussion of high resolution observations of relativistic ejections from GRS 1915 + 105 with MERLIN. We have imaged superluminal motions in the inner 300 milliarcsec of several ejections from the system, with significantly higher proper motions than previously observed on arcsecond scales with the VLA. Under standard assumptions of an intrinsically symmetric jet, we derive a velocity for the ejecta which is higher then the previously accepted value of 0.92c, although the angle to the line of sight is comparable. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Ctr High Energy Astrophys, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Manchester, Nuffield Radio Astron Labs, Jodrell Bank, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. Joint Inst VLBI Europe, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Cavendish Lab, Mullard Radio Astron Observ, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fender, RP (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Kruislaan 403, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0888-6512 J9 ASTROPHYS LETT COMM JI Astrophys. Lett. Comm. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 1-6 BP 229 EP 232 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 357NP UT WOS:000089508000057 ER PT J AU Leising, MD Milne, PA AF Leising, MD Milne, PA TI Galactic positron annihilation distribution and sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL LETTERS & COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Integral Workshop on the Extreme Universe CY SEP 14-18, 1998 CL TAROMINA, ITALY DE positrons; gamma-rays; nucleosynthesis; supernovae ID OSSE OBSERVATIONS; LINE EMISSION; CENTER REGION; SUPERNOVAE; RADIATION; SPECTRUM AB We discuss constraints from recent data on the multiple components of Galactic positron emission. The two dominant components, corresponding roughly to the stellar bulge and disk, must be explained with a consistent description of the processes occurring in the two populations. In addition to core-collapse supernova radioactivity in the disk, thermonuclear(Type Is) supernovae are a likely source in both components, especially considering recent work on their optical light curves. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leising, MD (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0888-6512 J9 ASTROPHYS LETT COMM JI Astrophys. Lett. Comm. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 1-6 BP 437 EP 440 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 357NP UT WOS:000089508000105 ER PT J AU Milne, PA Dixon, DD Leising, MD Kurfess, JD Leventhal, M Kinzer, RL Matz, SM Purcell, WR Smith, DM Tueller, J AF Milne, PA Dixon, DD Leising, MD Kurfess, JD Leventhal, M Kinzer, RL Matz, SM Purcell, WR Smith, DM Tueller, J TI OSSE observations of diffuse Galactic 511 keV emission SO ASTROPHYSICAL LETTERS & COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Integral Workshop on the Extreme Universe CY SEP 14-18, 1998 CL TAROMINA, ITALY DE gamma rays : observations; Galaxy : center; ISIW : general ID ANNIHILATION AB Following up on earlier observations, OSSE scanned the galactic center region during cycle 7. These observations, combined with cycle 6 and 7 observations of the galactic plane, have led to improved the maps of the 511 keV emission. Two fundamentally different mapping techniques show similar features, and further the arguments for both the existence of a positive latitude enhancement and for intense bulge emission. C1 USN, Res Lab, NRC Resident Res Associate, NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ball Aerosp, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Milne, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, NRC Resident Res Associate, NRL, Mail Code 7650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0888-6512 J9 ASTROPHYS LETT COMM JI Astrophys. Lett. Comm. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 1-6 BP 441 EP + PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 357NP UT WOS:000089508000106 ER PT J AU Fischer, J Luhman, ML Satyapal, S Greenhouse, MA Stacey, GJ Bradford, CM Lord, SD Brauher, JR Unger, SJ Clegg, PE Smith, HA Melnick, G Colbert, JW Malkan, MA Spinoglio, L Cox, P Harvey, V Suter, JP Strelnitski, V AF Fischer, J Luhman, ML Satyapal, S Greenhouse, MA Stacey, GJ Bradford, CM Lord, SD Brauher, JR Unger, SJ Clegg, PE Smith, HA Melnick, G Colbert, JW Malkan, MA Spinoglio, L Cox, P Harvey, V Suter, JP Strelnitski, V TI ISO FAR-IR spectroscopy of IR-bright galaxies and ULIRGs SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ulraluminous Galaxies - Monsters of Babies CY SEP 20-26, 1998 CL BAVARIA, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Extraterestr Physik DE infrared-bright galaxies; ultraluminous galaxies; far-infrared spectra; starbursts; interstellar medium ID LONG-WAVELENGTH SPECTROMETER; NGC-1068 AB Based on far-infrared spectroscopy of a small sample of nearby infrared-bright and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) with the ISO Long Wavelength Spectrometer(1) we find a dramatic progression in ionic/atomic fine-structure emission line and molecular/atomic absorption line characteristics in these galaxies extending from strong [O III]52,88 mu m and [N III]57 mu m line emission to detection of only faint [C II]158 mu m line emission from gas in photodissociation regions in the ULIRGs. The molecular absorption spectra show varying excitation as well, extending from galaxies in which the molecular population mainly occupies the ground state to galaxies in which there is significant population in higher levels. In the case of the prototypical ULIRG, the merger galaxy Arp 220, the spectrum is dominated by absorption lines of OH, H2O, CH, and [O I]. Low [O III]88 mu m line flux relative to the integrated far-infrared flux correlates with low excitation and does not appear to be due to far-infrared extinction or to density effects. A progression toward soft radiation fields or very dusty H II regions may explain these effects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ London Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, London E1 4NS, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. Inst Astron Spatiale, Orsay, France. Maria Mitchell Observ, Nantucket, MA USA. RP Fischer, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Spinoglio, Luigi/0000-0001-8840-1551 NR 21 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 1999 VL 266 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1023/A:1002641429502 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 312MM UT WOS:000086947100015 ER PT B AU Fischer, J Luhman, ML Satyapal, S Greenhouse, MA Stacey, GJ Bradford, CM Lord, SD Brauher, JR Unger, SJ Clegg, PE Colbert, JW Malkan, MA Cox, P Melnick, G Smith, HA AF Fischer, J Luhman, ML Satyapal, S Greenhouse, MA Stacey, GJ Bradford, CM Lord, SD Brauher, JR Unger, SJ Clegg, PE Colbert, JW Malkan, MA Cox, P Melnick, G Smith, HA BE Bicay, M Beichman, CA Cutri, RM Madore, BF TI A FIR spectroscopic survey of infrared-bright galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICS WITH INFRARED SURVEYS: A PRELUDE TO SIRTF SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Astrophysics with Infrared Surveys - A Prelude to SIRTF CY JUN 22-24, 1998 CL CALIFORNIA INST TECHNOL, PASADENA, CA SP NASA Off Space Sci, SIRTR Sci Ctr, Infrared Processing & Anal Ctr, Caltech Off Public Events, SIRTF Project Off JPL, Lockheed Martin Missiles & Space, Ball Aerosp Technol Corp HO CALIFORNIA INST TECHNOL AB A far-infrared (43 - 197 mu m) spectroscopic survey of a small sample of relatively nearby infrared-bright galaxies using the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) reveals a dramatic progression in emission and absorption line characteristics in these galaxies extending from strong [O III]52,88 mu m and [N III]57 mu m fine-structure line emission to detection of only faint [C II]158 mu m line emission from gas in photodissociation regions. The several ultraluminous galaxies (ULIGs) included in the full spectral sample have the weakest emission line characteristics and show absorption due to OH, H2O, CH, and [O I]. We compare the full spectra of six galaxies and examine the importance of parameters such as far-infrared extinction, density, and starburst evolution in producing the observed sequence. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fischer, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-001-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 177 BP 175 EP 178 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BN89F UT WOS:000083362400027 ER PT S AU Ramirez, SV Sellgren, K Terndrup, DM Carr, JS Balachandran, S Blum, RD AF Ramirez, SV Sellgren, K Terndrup, DM Carr, JS Balachandran, S Blum, RD BE LeBertre, T Lebre, A Waelkens, C TI Iron abundances in AGB stars and M supergiant stars at the Galactic Center SO ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 191st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1998 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP Int Astron Union, Montpellier Univ Sci & Technol, CNRS ID H-II-REGIONS; ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; M-CIRCLE-DOT; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; STELLAR MODELS; RED GIANTS; S-PROCESS; GALAXY; GRIDS; GRADIENTS AB We are measuring Fe abundances of cool, luminous stars within 30 pc of the center of the Milky Way. Our sample contains both AGB stars and M supergiants. Low-resolution (lambda/Deltalambda = 500) H and K band spectra are used to estimate temperatures and gravities. Stellar Fe abundances are determined from high-resolution (lambda/Deltalambda = 40 000) K band spectra obtained on the IRTF using CSHELL. We find that Fe abundances of stars in the Galactic Center are consistent with the solar Fe abundance. C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. CTIO, La Serena, Chile. RP Ramirez, SV (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-886733-90-2 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1999 IS 191 BP 529 EP 534 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU32Z UT WOS:000175704800069 ER PT J AU Bhatia, AK Doschek, GA AF Bhatia, AK Doschek, GA TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for Ni XVI SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY IONIZED NICKEL; AL-LIKE IONS; BEAM-FOIL; CROSS-SECTIONS; FE; TRANSITIONS; EXCITATION; VII; IX AB Electron impact collision strengths and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Ni XVI. The data pertain to the 40 levels of the configurations 3s(2)3p, 3s3p(2), 3s(2)3d, 3p(3), and 3s3p3d. Collision strengths are calculated at five incident electron energies: 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 30.0, and 50.0 Ry. Relative spectral line intensities are calculated for all astrophysically important transitions. These are obtained by computing the excitation rate coefficients (cm(3) s(-1)), that is, the collision strengths integrated over a Maxwellian electron distribution, and then solving the equations of detailed balance for the populations of the 40 energy levels, assuming a collisional excitation model and an electron temperature of 2.51 x 10(6) K. This temperature is typical for Ni XVI when formed in equilibrium by collisional ionization and recombination. With the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative decay rates, level populations are computed for several electron densities and are given in this paper. We also investigate the effects of proton excitation and solar radiative excitation on the level populations and line intensities. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bhatia, AK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD JAN PY 1999 VL 71 IS 1 BP 69 EP 102 DI 10.1006/adnd.1998.0800 PG 34 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 182PL UT WOS:000079507300003 ER PT S AU Rogers, GW Mansfield, AW Roth, D Poehler, PL Rais, H AF Rogers, GW Mansfield, AW Roth, D Poehler, PL Rais, H BE Sadjadi, FA TI The foliage problem in interferometric SAR SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 07-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic aperture radar; interferometry; IFSAR AB Interferometric SAR exploits the coherent nature of multiple synthetic aperture radar images to recover phase (range difference) information and thence terrain elevation data as well as other phase derivative products such as Coherent Change Detection (CCD). Of the numerous factors that can degrade the coherency of multiple SAR collections, foliage constitutes one of the most challenging. The foliage problem in IFSAR is discussed and an airborne multiple pass collection is used to illustrate some facets of the problem. Resolution as a variable in the tradeoff between the bias and variance of the interferogram is discussed in the context of the example. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Div Dahlgren, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Rogers, GW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Div Dahlgren, Code G50, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3192-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3718 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1117/12.359951 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN77Q UT WOS:000082902000020 ER PT S AU Roth, D Rogers, GW Mansfield, AW AF Roth, D Rogers, GW Mansfield, AW BE Sadjadi, FA TI Advanced IFSAR for search and rescue SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 07-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic aperture radar; interferometry; IFSAR; Search and Rescue ID SAR; INTERFEROMETRY; RADAR AB One of the most promising tools for airborne SAR search and rescue is the use of interferometric techniques such as wavenumber filtering. These techniques make possible extremely accurate information extraction from SAR image pairs. The potential gain in accuracy is significant, since accuracy of measurements can theoretically be determined to within a wavelength (centimeter accuracy) as opposed to a pixel distance (meters). This paper presents the latest interferometric SAR (IFSAR) processing algorithms developed by the authors, along with examples of their use on actual data. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Roth, D (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Code 452320D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3192-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3718 BP 204 EP 212 DI 10.1117/12.359952 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN77Q UT WOS:000082902000021 ER PT J AU D'Andrea, JA AF D'Andrea, JA TI Behavioral evaluation of microwave irradiation SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium RF Dosimetry - 25 Years of Progress CY OCT 20-21, 1997 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP USAF Armstrong Lab DE electromagnetic fields; cognitive behavior; hazards ID WORKING-MEMORY; TEST BATTERY; RADIATION; ABSORPTION; HYPERTHERMIA; PERFORMANCE; DISRUPTION; ENERGY; TASK; RAT AB Establishing safe exposure levels for microwave irradiation is important since new, more powerful emitters are developed and the potential for accidental exposure is increasing. Analysis of the behavior of exposed laboratory animals has proven to be an accurate and repeatable metric for assessing the effects of microwave irradiation. Determining the specific absorption rate (SAR) at which an animal will cease an ongoing behavior has proven useful in the development of safe exposure levels for humans. Behaviors that have been used are simple tasks, and the point at which behavior changes significantly or ceases has often been referred to as "work stoppage." The tasks have been used to evaluate the overwhelming effects of heating produced by microwave irradiation. Both whole-body exposures and partial-body exposures with hotspots have been evaluated. Recent studies have suggested that microwave effects on specific cognitive aspects of behavior such as attention, learning, memory, discrimination, and time perception may occur at SAR levels far below the SARs needed to cause work stoppage. New research studies are underway to evaluate microwave-induced cognitive effects. Bioelectromagnetics 20:64-74, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP D'Andrea, JA (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, 8301 Navy Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-8462 EI 1521-186X J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1999 SU 4 BP 64 EP 74 PG 11 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 183QB UT WOS:000079564000009 ER PT J AU Bonafede, SJ Pawlikowski, GT Brady, RF AF Bonafede, SJ Pawlikowski, GT Brady, RF TI Macrofouling of hydrocarbon polymers which contain variable proportions of crystallinity SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE biofouling release surfaces; molecular interactions; surface energy; crystallinity; polypropylene; polyethylene ID BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; POLYETHYLENE; COATINGS; SURFACES AB The effect of crystallinity on the ability of a hydrocarbon to resist attachment to marine fouling organisms has been investigated. Polymers composed only of carbon and hydrogen were casted or extruded and were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and contact angle measurements. The polymers were immersed in Chesapeake Bay and evaluated at monthly intervals. All materials accumulated barnacles, algae and slime. During periods of most active growth, the polymers required moderate scraping for cleaning, but were restored to their original appearance usually with little or no damage. Fouling of the films was not influenced by their content of crystallinity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 214JN UT WOS:000081325000001 ER PT J AU Little, BJ Ray, RI Wagner, PA Jones-Meehan, J Lee, CC Mansfeld, F AF Little, BJ Ray, RI Wagner, PA Jones-Meehan, J Lee, CC Mansfeld, F TI Spatial relationships between marine bacteria and localized corrosion on polymer coated steel SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE cathodic polarization; sulfate-reducing bacteria; seawater; mild steel; polymer coatings ID ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE; NOISE DATA; METALS AB Diagnosis of microbiologically influenced corrosion on iron-containing substrata exposed in marina environments cannot be based solely on spatial relationships between large accumulations of bacterial cells and iron corrosion products. Experiments were designed to evaluate the relationship between marine bacteria and localized corrosion on coated mild steel. The distribution of bacteria was strongly influenced by the presence of iron corrosion products independent of coating combinations. In the presence of cathodic protection. coating defects a were filled with calcareous deposits and few bacterial cells. The results demonstrate that bacteria are preferentially attracted to iron corrosion products in coating defects and that attraction is more influential than topography in determining the spatial distribution of bacterial cells. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 3 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 BP 301 EP + PG 23 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 231VE UT WOS:000082331400003 ER PT J AU Monaco, V Formaggio, F Crisma, M Toniolo, C Hanson, P Millhauser, G George, C Deschamps, JR Flippen-Anderson, JL AF Monaco, V Formaggio, F Crisma, M Toniolo, C Hanson, P Millhauser, G George, C Deschamps, JR Flippen-Anderson, JL TI Determining the occurrence of a 3(10)-helix and an alpha-helix in two different segments of a lipopeptaibol antibiotic using TOAC, a nitroxide spin-labeled C-alpha-tetrasubstituted alpha-amino acid SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE electron spin resonance; alpha/3(10)-helix; lipopeptaibol antibiotic; membrane-active peptides; X-ray diffraction ID HYDROGEN-BOND DISTANCES; ALANINE-BASED PEPTIDES; TRICHOGIN-A-IV; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; N-H; GEOMETRY; CLASSIFICATION; OLIGOPEPTIDES; SPECTROSCOPY; SEQUENCE AB Trichogin GA IV is a 11-residue lipopeptaibol antibiotic exhibiting membrane modifying properties. We synthesized step-by-step by solution methods three trichogin analogues, each with a double Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)-->TOAC (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid) replacement. The strict similarity in the conformational propensities of Aib and TOAC allowed us to exploit these analogues in a detailed investigation of the conformation of this lipopeptaibol in different organic solvents and in a membrane-mimetic environment using in particular the double spin labeling ESR technique. We conclude that the secondary structure in solution remains essentially unchanged if compared to that previously found in the crystal state for trichogin. More specifically, the N-terminal region of the peptide folds in a 3(10)-helix, while the central and C-terminal regions are mainly alpha-helical. An additional, significant proof for the modest plasticity of the trichogin structure was obtained by an X-ray diffraction analysis of the nOct-[TOAC(4,8), Leu-OMe11] analogue. For the three analogues permeability measurements revealed membrane-modifying properties comparable to those of natural trichogin. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Padua, Dept Organ Chem, CNR, Biopolymer Res Ctr, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Toniolo, C (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Organ Chem, CNR, Biopolymer Res Ctr, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RI Crisma, Marco/K-6626-2013; OI Crisma, Marco/0000-0003-3552-4106; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010; TONIOLO, CLAUDIO/0000-0002-2327-1423 NR 56 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 7 IS 1 BP 119 EP 131 DI 10.1016/S0968-0896(98)00220-X PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 173QE UT WOS:000078990600013 PM 10199662 ER PT J AU Pancrazio, JJ Ma, W Grant, GM Shaffer, KM Kao, WY Liu, QY Barker, JL Stenger, DA AF Pancrazio, JJ Ma, W Grant, GM Shaffer, KM Kao, WY Liu, QY Barker, JL Stenger, DA TI Inwardly-rectifying K channels and differentiation in NG108-15 cells. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NRL, CBMSE, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A413 EP A413 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902417 ER PT J AU Rice, JK Barker, PD AF Rice, JK Barker, PD TI Verdoheme covalently attached to a modified cytochrome b562 protein: Towards the conversion of a cytochrome to a phytochrome. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MRC, Ctr Protein Engn, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A421 EP A421 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902463 ER PT J AU Schneider, JW Metzger, S Green, JBD Brady, RF Lee, GU AF Schneider, JW Metzger, S Green, JBD Brady, RF Lee, GU TI Interaction forces between streptavidin and biotin imbedded in an aqueous PEO matrix SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, GU Lee Chem Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schneider, James/C-4095-2008; Lee, Gil/P-8696-2016 OI Schneider, James/0000-0001-8016-8687; Lee, Gil/0000-0002-7949-5848 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A264 EP A264 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085901541 ER PT J AU Tsonev, LI Litvinovich, SV Mehl, PM Hirsh, AG AF Tsonev, LI Litvinovich, SV Mehl, PM Hirsh, AG TI Cold denaturation of globular proteins in the absence of denaturants at temperatures near 0 degrees C SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Tranfus & Cryopreservat Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A106 EP A106 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900620 ER PT B AU Montgomery, MT Boyd, TJ Spargo, BJ Coffin, RB Steele, JK Ward, DM Smith, DC AF Montgomery, MT Boyd, TJ Spargo, BJ Coffin, RB Steele, JK Ward, DM Smith, DC BE Leeson, A Alleman, BC TI Bacterial assemblage adaptation in PAH-impacted ecosystems. SO BIOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 19-22, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc ID THYMIDINE INCORPORATION; SOIL; HYDROCARBONS; SEDIMENTS; AQUIFER AB Natural bacterial assemblages can change in response to chronic PAH contamination. The ratios of bacterial production to PAH mineralization were compared to identify areas within field sites where the aromatic hydrocarbons may be naturally attenuating. In addition, the effect of naphthalene additions on bacterial production were used as an environmental indicator of assemblage change. These measures may be useful in identifying PAM-impacted sediment that is undergoing significant levels of natural attenuation verses those where the bacterial assemblage is metabolically inhibited. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-081-0 PY 1999 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN63E UT WOS:000082417200037 ER PT B AU Boyd, TJ Steele, JK Montgomery, MT Spargo, BJ AF Boyd, TJ Steele, JK Montgomery, MT Spargo, BJ BE Leeson, A Alleman, BC TI PAH distribution and biodegradation in the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers SO BIOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 19-22, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DEGRADATION; POLLUTANTS; SOILS AB Sediments and waters in the Philadelphia Naval Complex Reserve Basin and the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers were sampled in December 1997. The primary goal was to determine the concentration, biodegradation, distribution and fate of contaminants within be sampling area. Forty-five sediment samples were analyzed for PAHs, hydrocarbons, metals, total organic carbon, PAH mineralization and heterotrophic bacterial productivity. PAHs, trace elements and total organic carbon were slightly elevated in the Reserve Basin and the Schuylkill River relative to the Delaware River. PAH biodegradation rates and bacterial productivity data suggested that active microbial communities were degrading organic contaminants in the Reserve Basin and in the associated watershed. Elevated trace metal concentrations appeared to inhibit PAH mineralization and bacterial productivity. PAH turnover times (removal times) ranged from weeks to several years at some stations within the Reserve Basin. We found correlation between total organic carbon and both PAH and metal concentrations in sediments, indicating that sediment organic::contaminant loads are similar throughout the watershed. There was no evidence to suggest that contaminants from the Reserve Basin are impacting adjacent sediments. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles showed little variation throughout the sampling area and most likely did not account for the differences observed in the biological activity between stations in the winter sampling. The major source for suspended particles entering the Reserve Basin is likely the Schuylkill River. We conclude that it is the primary vehicle for current contaminant input, particularly with respect to petroleum hydrocarbons. High levels of contaminants in a few stations within the Reserve Basin suggest historical contamination that was more significant than current input. Similarities in contaminant concentrations, locations and bioremediation suggest that the current source(s) of contaminants are similar for both the Schuylkill River and the Reserve Basin. Preliminary analysis from June and September 1998 sampling indicates dissolved oxygen may be a limiting factor for PAH mineralization. Mineralization rates did not appear to be affected by higher summer temperatures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boyd, TJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-081-0 PY 1999 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN63E UT WOS:000082417200049 ER PT J AU Trejo, LJ Shensa, MJ AF Trejo, LJ Shensa, MJ TI Feature extraction of event-related potentials using wavelets: An application to human performance monitoring SO BRAIN AND LANGUAGE LA English DT Article DE wavelet; event-related potential; ERP; principal components; feature extraction; linear regression; neural networks; human performance monitoring; signal detection; vision AB This report describes the development and evaluation of mathematical models for predicting human performance from discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) of event-related potentials (ERP) elicited by task-relevant stimuli. The DWT was compared to principal components analysis (PCA) for representation of ERPs in linear regression and neural network models developed to predict a composite measure of human signal detection performance. Linear regression models based on coefficients of the decimated DWT predicted signal detection performance with half as many free parameters as comparable models based on PCA scores. In addition, the DWT-based models were more resistant to model degradation due to over-fitting than PCA-based models. Feed-forward neural networks were trained using the backpropagation algorithm to predict signal detection performance based on raw ERPs, PCA scores, or high-power coefficients of the DWT, Neural networks based on high-power DWT coefficients trained with fewer iterations, generalized to new data better, and were more resistant to overfitting than networks based on raw ERPs. Networks based on PCA scores did not generalize to new data as well as either the DWT network or the raw ERP network. The results show that wavelet expansions represent the ERP efficiently and extract behaviorally important features for use in linear regression or neural network models of human performance. The efficiency of the DWT is discussed in terms of its decorrelation and energy compaction properties. In addition, the DWT models provided evidence that a pattern of low-frequency activity (1 to 3.5 Hz) occurring at specific times and scalp locations is a reliable correlate of human signal detection performance. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Human Factors Div, Human Informat Proc Res Branch, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Trejo, LJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Human Factors Div, Human Informat Proc Res Branch, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0093-934X J9 BRAIN LANG JI Brain Lang. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 66 IS 1 BP 89 EP 107 DI 10.1006/brln.1998.2026 PG 19 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 180FP UT WOS:000079375700004 PM 10080866 ER PT J AU Michelson, AD Barnard, MR Khuri, SF Rohrer, MJ MacGregor, H Valeri, CR AF Michelson, AD Barnard, MR Khuri, SF Rohrer, MJ MacGregor, H Valeri, CR TI The effects of aspirin and hypothermia on platelet function in vivo SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE platelets; aspirin; hypothermia; cardiopulmonary bypass; P-selectin ID GRANULE MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; ARTERY BYPASS-SURGERY; VEIN GRAFT PATENCY; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; ADENOSINE-DIPHOSPHATE; ANTIPLATELET THERAPY; WHOLE-BLOOD; ACTIVATION; RELEASE; TEMPERATURE AB Patients undergoing hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass are often receiving aspirin therapy. Hypothermia, aspirin and cardiopulmonary bypass can each induce a platelet function defect, but it is not known if the effects of aspirin and hypothermia are additive in this regard. To address this question in humans in vivo, the forearm skin temperature of healthy volunteers was equilibrated and maintained at either normothermia (32 degrees C) or hypothermia (28 degrees C or 22 degrees C) before and 16 h after the ingestion of 650 mg aspirin. A standardized template bleeding time was performed on the forearm and the shed blood emerging from the wound was assayed for platelet surface P-selectin expression by whole blood now cytometry (reflecting of granule secretion) and thromboxane B-2 (the stable metabolite of thromboxane A(2)) by radioimmunoassay Hypothermia resulted in marked prolongation of the bleeding time. Aspirin resulted in prolongation of the bleeding time under normothermic conditions, but only minimally augmented the hypothermia-induced prolongation of the bleeding time, Platelet surface P-selectin up-regulation in shed blood was abolished by hypothermia. Aspirin had no effect on maximal platelet surface P-selectin expression under normothermic or hypothermic conditions. Both hypothermia and aspirin resulted in markedly reduced shed blood thromboxane B-2. Although aspirin slightly augmented the hypothermia-induced reduction in shed blood thromboxane B-2, the concentration of thromboxane generated in shed blood under hypothermic conditions in the absence of aspirin had no effect on platelet surface P-selectin or platelet aggregation in whole blood. In conclusion, as determined by three independent parameters of the shed blood emerging from a standardized bleeding time wound (bleeding time, platelet surface P-selectin, and thromboxane B-2), aspirin did not significantly augment hypothermia-induced platelet dysfunction in vivo. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Ctr Platelet Funct Studies, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Vasc Surg, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Vasc Surg, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Brockton W Roxbury Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Sch Med,Dept Surg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Michelson, AD (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Ctr Platelet Funct Studies, Room S5-846,55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1048 J9 BRIT J HAEMATOL JI Br. J. Haematol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 104 IS 1 BP 64 EP 68 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01146.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 164TD UT WOS:000078478900010 PM 10027713 ER PT J AU Guerrero, ML Morrow, RC Calva, JJ Ortega-Galegos, H Weller, SC Ruiz-Palacios, GM Morrow, AL AF Guerrero, ML Morrow, RC Calva, JJ Ortega-Galegos, H Weller, SC Ruiz-Palacios, GM Morrow, AL TI Rapid ethnographic assessment of breastfeeding practices in periurban Mexico City SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-MILK; INITIATION; PROTECTION; INFANTS AB Before carrying out a breastfeeding promotion programme in a periurban area of Mexico City, we conducted a rapid ethnographic study to determine the factors associated with absence of exclusive breastfeeding. The responses to pilot interviews were used to develop a standardized questionnaire regarding reasons for infant feeding choice, sources of advice, and barriers to breastfeeding. We interviewed a random sample of 150 mothers with a child <5 years of age; 136 (91%) of them had initialed breastfeeding; but only 2% exclusively breastfed up to 4 months. The mothers consistently stated that the child's nutrition, health, growth, and hygiene were the main reasons for the type of feeding selected; cost, comfort, and the husband's opinion were less important. Physicians were ranked as the most important source of advice. Reduction or cessation of breastfeeding occurred on the doctor's advice (68%); or when the mothers encountered local folk illnesses such as "coraje" (52%) or "susto"(54%), which are associated with anger or fright; or had "not enough milk" (62%) or "bad milk" (56%); or because of illness of the mother (56%) or child (43%). During childhood illnesses and conditions, breastfeeding was reduced and the use of supplementary foods was increased. This study emphasizes the importance of cultural values in infant feeding choices, defines specific barriers to breastfeeding, and provides a basis for interventions to promote exclusive breastfeeding in the study population. C1 Inst Nacl Nutr, Dept Infect Dis, Dept Infectol, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Norfolk, VA USA. Univ Texas, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Galveston, TX USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Childrens Hosp Kings Daughters, Ctr Pediat Res, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. RP Calva, JJ (reprint author), Inst Nacl Nutr, Dept Infect Dis, Dept Infectol, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. OI weller, susan/0000-0002-0695-736X NR 37 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 8 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1999 VL 77 IS 4 BP 323 EP 330 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 194KG UT WOS:000080191000006 PM 10327711 ER PT S AU Garland, CF Garland, FC Gorham, ED AF Garland, CF Garland, FC Gorham, ED BE Bradlow, HL Fishman, J Osborne, MP TI Calcium and vitamin D - Their potential roles in colon and breast cancer prevention SO CANCER PREVENTION: NOVEL NUTRIENT AND PHARMACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENTS SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cancer Prevention - Novel Nutrient and Pharmaceutical Developments CY NOV 13-14, 1998 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Cornell Univ Med Coll, Strang Canc Prevent Ctr, Int Soc Canc Chemoprevent, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Italian Canc Fdn, AmerMedia Inc, Donald Beldock, Merck & Co Inc, Weill Med Coll Cornell Univ, Irving Weinstein Fdn ID EPITHELIAL-CELL PROLIFERATION; COLORECTAL-CANCER; DIETARY CALCIUM; D METABOLITES; RISK; POLYPOSIS; MORTALITY; SUNLIGHT; EXPOSURE; SERUM AB The geographic distribution of colon cancer is similar to the historical geographic distribution of rickets, The highest death rates from colon cancer occur in areas that had high prevalence rates of rickets-regions with winter ultraviolet radiation deficiency, generally due to a combination of high or moderately high latitude, high-sulfur content air pollution (acid haze), higher than average stratospheric ozone thickness, and persistently thick winter cloud cover, The geographic distribution of colon cancer mortality rates reveals significantly low death rates at low latitudes in the United States and significantly high rates in the industrialized Northeast, The Northeast has a combination of latitude, climate, and air pollution that prevents any synthesis of vitamin D during a five-month vitamin D winter, Breast cancer death rates in white women also rise with distance from the equator and are highest in areas with long vitamin D winters, Colon cancer incidence rates also have been shown to be inversely proportional to intake of calcium, These findings, which are consistent with laboratory results, indicate that most cases of colon cancer may be prevented with regular intake of calcium in the range of 1,800 mg per day, in a dietary context that includes 800 IU per day (20 mu g) of vitamin D(3). (In women, an intake of approximately 1,000 mg of calcium per 1,000 kcal of energy with 800 IU of vitamin D would be sufficient.) In observational studies, the source of approximately 90% of the calcium intake was vitamin D-fortified milk, Vitamin D may also be obtained from fatty fish, In addition to reduction of incidence and mortality rates from colon cancer, epidemiological data suggest that intake of 800 IU/day of vitamin D may be associated with enhanced survival rates among breast cancer cases. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Dept 0631C, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Garland, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Dept 0631C, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cgarland@ucsd.edu NR 80 TC 110 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 9 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-198-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1999 VL 889 BP 107 EP 119 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08728.x PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BP49R UT WOS:000085323100011 PM 10668487 ER PT J AU McGrath, KJ AF McGrath, KJ TI Xe-129 nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of carbon black aggregate morphology SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon black; nuclear magnetic resonance ID NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; ZEOLITES; XENON AB The morphology of three 'normal' ASTM carbon black reinforcement fillers (N110, N347, and N472) is investigated for the first time using one- and two-dimensional Xe-129 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. A wide range in Xe-129 NMR chemical shift is observed among samples, and is attributed to variations in the physical nature of the unoccupied volume formed by the subunit particles of the aggregate. 129Xe NMR chemical shift and integrated intensity parameters are extracted from a single one-dimensional experiment, and interpreted in terms of aggregate void size, volume, and density. The rate of exchange of Xe-129 atoms between different aggregates in a three component blend is approximated using two-dimensional exchange NMR spectroscopy, and found to occur on a timescale similar to 6 ms less than or equal to tau(ex)less than or equal to similar to 100 ms. No evidence of xenon exchange between samples N110 and N472 was observed on timescales less than 100 ms, an apparent consequence of the small aggregate void size in these samples. The 129Xe NMR chemical shift assignments for samples N110, N347, and N472 are shown to be not significantly shifted from their non-exchanging values. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McGrath, KJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6122, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 1999 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1443 EP 1448 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(99)00006-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 220NV UT WOS:000081672800012 ER PT S AU Munoz-Avila, H McFarlane, DC Aha, DW Breslow, L Ballas, JA Nau, DS AF Munoz-Avila, H McFarlane, DC Aha, DW Breslow, L Ballas, JA Nau, DS BE Althoff, KD Bergmann, R Branting, LK TI Using guidelines to constrain interactive case-based HTN planning SO CASE-BASED REASONING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (ICCBR-99) CY JUL 27-30, 1999 CL SEEON MONASTERY, GERMANY SP German Soc Comp Sci, Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence, AcknoSoft, BSR Consulting, DaimlerChrysler, Fraunhofer Inst Exptl Software Engn, Inference Syst, Fraunhofer Inst Exptl Software Engn, Interact Multimedia Syst, Univ Kaiserslautern, Univ Wyoming AB This paper describes HICAP, a general-purpose, interactive case-based plan authoring architecture that can be applied to decision support tasks to yield a hierarchical course of action. It integrates a hierarchical task editor with a conversational case-based planner. HICAP maintains both a task hierarchy representing guidelines that constrain the final plan and the hierarchical social organization responsible for these tasks. It also supports bookkeeping, which is crucial for real-world large-scale planning tasks. By selecting tasks corresponding to the hierarchy's leaf nodes, users can activate the conversational case-based planner to interactively refine guideline tasks into a concrete plan. Thus, HICAP can be used to generate context sensitive plans and should be useful for assisting with planning complex tasks such as noncombatant evacuation operations. We describe an experiment with a highly detailed military simulator to investigate this claim. The results show that plans generated by HICAP were superior to those generated by alternative approaches. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res AI, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Munoz-Avila, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-66237-5 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 1999 VL 1650 BP 288 EP 302 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BP13D UT WOS:000084209300021 ER PT B AU Mason, BD Douglass, GG Hartkopf, WI AF Mason, BD Douglass, GG Hartkopf, WI BE Restaino, SR Junor, W Duric, N TI Binary star orbits from speckle interferometry SO CATCHING THE PERFECT WAVE: ADAPTIVE OPTICS AND INTERFEROMETRY IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Catching the Perfect Wave - Adaptive Optics and Interferometry in the 21st-Century held at the 110th Annual Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Astron Soc Pacific AB Probably the most well known result of speckle interferometry is the determination of properties of binary stars at or near the diffraction limit of telescopes. This has resulted in a powerful synergy between short-period visual binaries and long-period spectroscopic binaries, resulting in stellar masses and more effective characterization of the empirical mass-luminosity relation for stars. In addition to the ability to reach the diffraction limit of a telescope, interferometry has given a significant improvement in precision of measurement. With careful calibration this precision can be effectively utilized yielding typical errors of 0 degrees.5 in position angle and 0.5% in separation. The timebase of routine speckle interferometric observations of binary stars is now in excess of twenty years. As a result of this Pong series of observations, which are of exceptional accuracy and precision, binary star orbits once considered definitive when based on classical techniques (typically, filar micrometry), are now being further refined, resulting in significant changes in the orbital elements. A typical reduction technique is to use all data associated with a system to determine the orbital period of the binary and then use only high-angular resolution data to determine the other six orbital elements. While these high-angular resolution data include, for example, the historical interferometry work of Schwarzschild, the Anderson and Merrill beam interferometer, and recent results from the ESA Hipparcos satellite, the vast majority come from speckle interferometry. Improvements to the orbital elements based on these data, coupled with the parallaxes from the Hipparcos program, are yielding masses for these binaries with smaller errors. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-96-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 174 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BN89A UT WOS:000083350300006 ER PT B AU Kassim, NE LaRosa, TN Lazio, TJW Hyman, SD AF Kassim, NE LaRosa, TN Lazio, TJW Hyman, SD BE Falcke, H Cotera, A Duschl, WJ Melia, F Rieke, MJ TI Wide field radio imaging of the Galactic Center SO CENTRAL PARSECS OF THE GALAXY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Galactic Center Workshop on the Central Parsecs of the Galaxy CY SEP 07-11, 1998 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Heidelberg, Univ Arizona, Phys Dept, NICMOS, Steward Observ, Max Planck Inst Radioastronomie, Bonn, Inst Theoret Astrophys, Heidelberg ID SGR-A; SAGITTARIUS AB We present a large and sensitive sub-arcminute resolution meter wavelength image of the Galactic Center. Archival 330 MHz (lambda 0.9 m) VLA observations were reprocessed utilizing wide-held imaging algorithms developed at the National Radio Astronomy Laboratory and the Naval Research Laboratory. The resulting image is a significant improvement over previous ones, both providing higher fidelity images of known sources and revealing many new sources. We have also used "targeted faceting" to generate images at the full resolution of the data for the first time for regions well away from Sgr A. At 330 MHz the VLA is sensitive to both thermal and non-thermal sources, and this image provides an excellent overview of the large-scale structure (2 degrees x 2 degrees) in the Galactic Center. Several new sources have been found, and a catalogue of over 100 sources is being prepared. Subsequent observations of one of these new features has led to the discovery of a new non-thermal filament with a unique orientation along the plane; observations of other new features are in progress. Improved imaging and sensitivity has allowed for better spectral index determinations. In particular, the spectral index (between 330 and 1400 MHz) as a function of length along several non-thermal filaments has been measured. The spectral index was found to be constant, indicating that these may be young features. A second epoch 330 MHz Galactic Center imaging campaign, an efficient monitor for source variability and transients, is in progress as is a first epoch campaign with the new 74 MHz VLA observing system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kassim, NE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kassim@rsd.nrl.navy.mil; ted@avatar.kennesaw.edu; lazio@rsd.nrl.navy.mil; hyman@sbc.edu NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-012-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 186 BP 403 EP + PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BP16P UT WOS:000084260600043 ER PT B AU Tillman, HJ AF Tillman, HJ BE Rantz, MJ LeMone, P TI Classification schemes for nursing language (abstract) SO CLASSIFICATION OF NURSING DIAGNOSES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Conference on the Classification of Nursing Diagnoses CY APR 22-26, 1998 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP NANDA C1 USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CINAHL CUMULATIVE INDEX NURSING ALLIED HLTH LITERATURE PI GLENDALE PA 1509 WILSON TERR., GLENDALE, CA 91206 USA BN 0-910478-62-7 PY 1999 BP 403 EP 404 PG 2 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA BV82T UT WOS:000180134900043 ER PT J AU Tesh, RB Watts, DM Russell, KL Damodaran, C Calampa, C Cabezas, C Ramirez, G Vasquez, B Hayes, CG Rossi, CA Powers, AM Hice, CL Chandler, LJ Cropp, BC Karabatsos, N Roehrig, JT Gubler, DJ AF Tesh, RB Watts, DM Russell, KL Damodaran, C Calampa, C Cabezas, C Ramirez, G Vasquez, B Hayes, CG Rossi, CA Powers, AM Hice, CL Chandler, LJ Cropp, BC Karabatsos, N Roehrig, JT Gubler, DJ TI Mayaro virus disease: An emerging mosquito-borne zoonosis in tropical South America SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; OUTBREAK; VACCINE; PERU AB This report describes the clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological findings on 27 cases of Mayaro virus (MV) disease, an emerging mosquito-borne viral illness that is endemic in rural areas of tropical South America. MV disease is a nonfatal, dengue-like illness characterized by fever, chills, headache, eye pain, generalized myalgia, arthralgia, diarrhea, vomiting, and rash of 3-5 days' duration. Severe joint pain is a prominent feature of this illness; the arthralgia sometimes persists for months and can be quite incapacitating. Cases of two visitors from the United States, who developed MV disease during visits to eastern Peru, are reported. MV disease and dengue are difficult to differentiate clinically. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Ctr Trop Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. Parma Community Gen Hosp, Parma, OH USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. Hosp Naval, Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. USN, Med Res Inst Detachment, Lima, OH USA. Minist Salud, Iquitos, Peru. RP Tesh, RB (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Ctr Trop Dis, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-39800, AI-10894] NR 35 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 28 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1086/515070 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 162RE UT WOS:000078359900014 PM 10028074 ER PT J AU Barile, AJ Kallen, AJ Wallace, MR AF Barile, AJ Kallen, AJ Wallace, MR TI Fatal group B streptococcal meningitis in a previously healthy young adult SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NONPREGNANT ADULTS; BACTEREMIA; DISEASE C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis & Clin Res, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Barile, AJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, Med Editing Div, Code AVA,34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 28 IS 1 BP 151 EP 151 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 162RE UT WOS:000078359900034 PM 10028094 ER PT B AU Kriebel, D Sollitt, C Gerken, W AF Kriebel, D Sollitt, C Gerken, W BE Edge, BL TI Wave forces on a vertical wave barrier SO COASTAL ENGINEERING 1998, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Coastal Engineering CY JUN 22-26, 1998 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK AB This paper presents a comparison of measured and predicted wave forces on a vertical wave barrier, defined here as a thin impermeable vertical wall extending from above the water surface down to near mid-depth. Theoretical wave loads are computed using the eigenfunction expansion method. Measured wave loads are obtained from two sets of laboratory experiments, one conducted at the U.S. Naval Academy and the other conducted at the Oregon State University in a large wave flume. Results of this study suggest that the eigenfunction theory can predict wave loads to within 10% to 20% accuracy for a wide range of wave conditions, water depths, and wave barrier drafts. C1 USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kriebel, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0411-9 PY 1999 BP 2069 EP 2081 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP25G UT WOS:000084505400155 ER PT B AU Huck, MP Thornton, EB Stanton, TP AF Huck, MP Thornton, EB Stanton, TP BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Vertical and horizontal coherence length scales of suspended sediments SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv ID SAND CONCENTRATION; NEARSHORE; TRANSPORT; ZONE AB Suspended sediments were measured across a barred beach during the SandyDuck experiment. The vertical profiles of suspended sediments were measured acoustically, and the vertical coherence length scale was found to be an order of magnitude greater than the wave boundary layer. The cross-shore horizontal coherence length scale of suspended sediment was determined using a two meter lagged array of six optical backscatter sensors. The horizontal coherence length scale, defined as the e-folding scale of the exponentially decreasing horizontal coherence, was approximately 0.8 times the rms wave orbital excursion length for all cross-shore stations. Both the vertical and horizontal coherence length scales are longest for infragravity waves and decrease with increasing frequency. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Huck, MP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 225 EP 240 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500016 ER PT B AU Stanton, TP Thornton, EB AF Stanton, TP Thornton, EB BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Sediment fluxes above a mobile sandy bed in the nearshore SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB Observations of sediment concentration and three component velocity profiles near the bed were made with a small scale coherent acoustic doppler profiler during the SandyDuck experiment. Vertical profiles of both sediment concentration and velocity from coincident 1.7cm high sample volumes are used to estimate suspended sediment concentrations and sediment flux timeseries for stations over a flat offshore bed and in the trough of a mega-ripple. Differences in mean profiles and temporal intermittency of the suspension events are discussed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Stanton, TP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 241 EP 252 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500017 ER PT B AU Holland, KT Vincent, CL Holman, RA AF Holland, KT Vincent, CL Holman, RA BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Statistical characterization of nearshore morphodynamic behavior SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv ID CHAOTIC TIME-SERIES; SAND-BAR MORPHOLOGY; BEACH PROFILES AB The stability of nearshore sand bars was investigated using a long-term, video-derived, dataset. The cross-shore position of the inner sand bar relative to the shoreline at Duck, N.C., was observed to be at approximately the same mean location over multi-year time intervals, but varied dramatically over much shorter time scales on the order of a few days. The simple, lowest order model that the Duck inner bar is stable at a location of 87 m will result in a root-mean-square error of over 25 m. In contrast, nonlinear forecasting methods, which use past behavior as the model basis, showed greater skill in predicting bar change, having a prediction horizon for significant forecasts on the order of five days. The observations and the data in general, suggest that other deterministic models of bar behavior may be limited to forecasts of only a few days because of a strong sensitivity to initial conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Holland, KT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7442, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 2176 EP 2189 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500152 ER PT S AU Sola, K AF Sola, K BE Hopper, DG TI Six success stories for FPDs in military platforms SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS VI: DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays VI - Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 07-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE military platforms; FPDs; cockpits; crewstations; P-3; S-3B; E-2C; EP-3E; V-22; MMA AB We are all familiar with stories of problems with FPD insertion into military systems. Many of us are also sated with the negative side of this difficult endeavor. There is a lot of good news about the military and display industry partnership and successes, and this good news is increasing daily. This paper selectively offers some of this good news from the perspective of U.S. Navy platforms. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Crew Syst Engn Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Sola, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Crew Syst Engn Div, 4-6-4-2,48110 Shaw Rd, Suite 2280-A10, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3164-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3690 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1117/12.357613 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN77P UT WOS:000082901900013 ER PT S AU Sola, K AF Sola, K BE Hopper, DG TI Flat panel displays in an underwater cockpit SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS VI: DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays VI - Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 07-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB This paper reports on a highly unusual application of flat panel displays in a cockpit. The cockpit is found in a mini-submarine of the Advanced SEAL Delivery System (ASDS), a state-of-the-art military platform designed to deliver U.S. Navy SEALs, and other special forces, to their mission locations. For security reasons, tie presentation details are intentionally kept minimal. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Crew Syst Engn Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Sola, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Crew Syst Engn Div, 4-6-4-2,48110 Shaw Rd Suite 2280-A10, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3164-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3690 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1117/12.357614 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN77P UT WOS:000082901900014 ER PT S AU Wilder, WL Gaines, J Eftis, P AF Wilder, WL Gaines, J Eftis, P BE Hopper, DG TI Graphics and display technologies in the Navy's AN/UYQ-70 program SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS VI: DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays VI - Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 07-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE graphics; displays; flat panel; AMLCD; COTS; Q-70; OpenGL; X window; AGP AB The information contained in this paper is derived from Technology Investigation (TI) Studies conducted by Lockheed Martin, Tactical Defense Systems as part of the US Navy AN/UYQ-70 Contract for Graphics and Display Systems. The authors have revised and edited the information to develop this paper. The complete Technology Investigation Studies, subject to US Navy distribution restrictions, may be requested from Naval Sea Systems Command, Code PMS440SE. This paper will present a brief overview of Graphics and Display Technologies as they exist today related to the Navy's AN/UYQ-70 program. Discussion will be given on the basic components of a graphics system, as well as graphical application programming interfaces. We will then look briefly at some graphics technology implementations on VME and PCI, and discuss the new, emerging Accelerated Graphics Port Standard. Final discussions on the AN/UYQ-70 view of industry trends and where the AN/UYQ-70 is going relative to graphics technology are presented in the conclusion. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Wilder, WL (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3164-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3690 BP 300 EP 308 DI 10.1117/12.357604 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN77P UT WOS:000082901900033 ER PT J AU Gamezo, VN Desbordes, D AF Gamezo, VN Desbordes, D TI Formation and evolution of two-dimensional cellular detonations SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID REGULARITY; REIGNITION; SHOCKS AB This paper reports the results of numerical simulations of cellular detonations generated by using numerical noise as a source of initial fluctuations Imposed on a strong planar shock propagating through the reactive medium. The calculations show that a plane detonation wave moving at Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) velocity is unstable to transverse perturbations with wavelength greater than one or two half-reaction-zone lengths. The numerical noise affects the initial fell formation process, but it has no influence on the cell size and regularity of the structures developed. Increasing the activation energy results in more irregular structures characterized by stronger triple points, larger Variations of the local shock velocity inside the detonation cell, and higher frequency of appearance and disappearance of triple points. These features of the systems with irregular cellular structures can account for the experimental observation that such systems are less affected by boundary; conditions. For the two-dimensional detonation, the average reaction zone is larger and maximum reaction rate is lower than in the one-dimensional case. This means that the formation of detonation cells reduces the maximum entropy production in the reaction zone, and slows down the approach of the system to the equilibrium state. This effect is shown to increase with activation energy due to larger unreacted gas pockets, and deeper penetration of the pockets into the region of mostly burned material. (C) 1998 by The Combustion Institute C1 ENSMA, Lab Combust & Deton, CNRS, UPR 9028, F-86960 Futuroscope, France. USN, Res Lab, LCP&FD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gamezo, VN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, LCP&FD, Code 6404, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 88 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 1999 VL 116 IS 1-2 BP 154 EP 165 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(98)00031-5 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 116GZ UT WOS:000075717300010 ER PT J AU Washburn, A AF Washburn, A TI A dithered K-S statistic SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE Kolmogorov-Smirnov ID KOLMOGOROV AB The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test depends for its distribution-free property on the observation that, if F() is the CDF of continuous random variable X, then random variable F(X) is uniform on the interval [0,1]. That observation is false if F() is not continuous, a restriction on the applicability of the KS test. This paper introduces a generalization of the KS statistic that works far all distributions, including discrete ones. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT-THEOR M JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 1999 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1535 EP 1546 DI 10.1080/03610929908832371 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 204RJ UT WOS:000080777700002 ER PT J AU Ilegbusi, OJ Yang, JJ Mat, MD Lewis, D Oran, ES AF Ilegbusi, OJ Yang, JJ Mat, MD Lewis, D Oran, ES TI A mesoscopic scale analysis of the reaction-bonded SiC process SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE mechanical properties; reaction-bonded SiC ID SILICON-CARBIDE; LIQUID SILICON; INFILTRATION; CARBON; COMPOSITES; MECHANISM; SYSTEMS AB A theoretical model is presented to simulate the reaction-bonded SIC process at a mesoscopic scale. This model is based on a diffusion-controlled reaction mechanism between carbon and silicon. Three different configurations are investigated: spherical and planar reactant layers with no flow, and allowance for flow of silicon between carbon layers. The predicted growth rate of SiC agrees reasonably well with the available experimental data. The production of SiC is relatively fast at the early stage and enhanced by motion of Si phase within the parameter range investigated. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM ilegbusi@coe.neu.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X EI 1878-5840 J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(98)00164-X PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 168MR UT WOS:000078697200017 ER PT J AU Sorathia, U Ness, J Blum, M AF Sorathia, U Ness, J Blum, M TI Fire safety of composites in the US Navy SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE resins; fire retardants AB Composite materials for marine applications offer the benefit of weight savings, corrosion resistance, and reduced life-cycle costs. The composite structures used in marine applications tend to be large, complex, and thick. As such, the use of low-temperature non-autoclave cure resins is desirable. The US Navy is presently using fire-retardant (brominated) vinyl-ester resin for some topside composite structures. These composites are produced by the vacuum-assisted resin transfer method. Brominated vinyl-ester resin generates dense heavy smoke with high yields of carbon monoxide. Acid gases such as hydrogen bromide are also produced. Several alternative resins with and without non-halogenated fire retardants have recently been evaluated by the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division in small-scale fire test methods. These included cone calorimeter testing at three different fluxes of 25, 50, and 75 kW m(-2). The summary of results, including smoke production rate and carbon monoxide yield, is presented for various vinyl-ester resins with and without additives. Brominated epoxy vinyl ester marked #1168 exhibited lower heat release rates but significantly higher smoke generation and CO yield than non-brominated vinyl esters. Of the additives studied, aluminum trihydrate (15 phr, #1196) shows a 20 and 25% decrease in peak heat release rates, 24 and 13% decrease in average heat release rates, and 27 and 24% decrease in average mass loss rates at radiant heat fluxes of 50 and 75 kW m(-2) respectively. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Sorathia, U (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 5 BP 707 EP 713 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(98)00112-2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 175ZB UT WOS:000079125000011 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Mott, PH Heinrich, G AF Roland, CM Mott, PH Heinrich, G TI Elasticity of polydiene networks in tension and compression SO COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polydiene networks; elasticity; tension and compression ID RUBBER ELASTICITY; POLYMER NETWORKS; NONAFFINE DEFORMATION; UNIAXIAL EXTENSION; TUBE-MODEL; ELASTOMERS; THERMODYNAMICS; BIREFRINGENCE; POLYBUTADIENE; CONSTRAINTS AB Previously we reported experimental data, on natural rubber networks in tension and compression, which deviated from the constraint models of rubber elasticity. Equivalent experiments were carried out on crosslinked polybutadiene, and similar discrepancies with theory observed. An alternative approach, based on the tube model of chain entanglements, was found to provide a more accurate description of the experimental data. However, physical interpretation of the values for the model's parameters is problematic. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. Continental AG Strateg Tire Technol Mat Res, D-30001 Hannover, Germany. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1089-3156 J9 COMPUT THEOR POLYM S JI Comput. Theor. Polym. Sci. PY 1999 VL 9 IS 3-4 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S1089-3156(99)00005-7 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 230TM UT WOS:000082266500003 ER PT S AU Moskowitz, IS Chang, LW AF Moskowitz, IS Chang, LW BE Mohammadian, M TI A formal view of the database inference problem SO COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR MODELLING, CONTROL & AUTOMATION - INTELLIGENT IMAGE PROCESSING, DATA ANALYSIS & INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SE CONCURRENT SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation (CIMCA 99) CY FEB 17-19, 1999 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA AB In this paper, we define the database inference problem, develop a theoretical underpinning for the database inference problem, and categorize different inference situations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moskowitz, IS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-7575 BN 90-5199-475-3 J9 CONCUR SYST ENGN SER PY 1999 VL 56 BP 254 EP 259 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BM72W UT WOS:000079620000043 ER PT J AU Marchette, DJ Poston, WL AF Marchette, DJ Poston, WL TI Local dimensionality reduction SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE dimensionality reduction; EM algorithm; finite mixtures; Fisher's linear discriminant; nearest neighbors; pattern recognition; principal components ID MIXTURES AB In automatic pattern recognition applications, numerous features that describe the classes are obtained in an attempt to ensure accurate classification of unknown observations. These features or dimensions must be reduced to a smaller number before classification schemes can be applied, because classifiers become computationally and analytically unmanageable in high dimensions; Principal components and Fisher's Linear Discriminant offer global dimensionality reduction within the framework of linear algebra applied to covariance matrices. This report describes local methods that use both mixture-models and nearest neighbor calculations to construct local versions of these methods. These new versions for local dimensionality reduction will provide increased classification accuracy in lower dimensions. C1 USN, Computat Stat Grp, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. USN, Adv Processors Grp, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Marchette, DJ (reprint author), USN, Computat Stat Grp, Ctr Surface Warfare, B10, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU PHYSICA VERLAG GMBH PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, 69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0943-4062 J9 COMPUTATION STAT JI Comput. Stat. PY 1999 VL 14 IS 4 BP 469 EP 489 DI 10.1007/s001800050026 PG 21 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 273FR UT WOS:000084697700001 ER PT B AU Broughton, JQ AF Broughton, JQ BE Pechenik, A Kalia, RK Vashishta, P TI Atomistic simulation of MEMS devices via the coupling of length scales SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE MATERIALS SE TOPICS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY: A SERIES OF ADVANCED TEXTBOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computer Aided Design of High Temperature Materials CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 1997 CL SANTA FE, NM ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CRYSTALS AB This grand challenge project will predict the dynamic and temperature dependent behavior of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) devices from their atomic constituents br utilizing recently developed parallel codes which enable a coupling of length scales. This powerful methodology will be applied to two MEMS systems thereby providing a new paradigm in device design and prediction and in the relevance of atomistic simulation. MEMS systems represent micron scale mechanical or electro-mechanical devices which promise a myriad of DoD applications from remote sensing, to drug delivery, to guidance systems. Examples of MEMS devices include pumps, actuators, sensors and accelerometers. Further, MEMS can be "intelligent" - on the same piece of "real estate", the MEMS device (the machine) can be controlled by a semiconductor device (the brain). The algorithmic and computational avenue to be applied here differs from the usual finite element approach of the continuuum community. On submicron length scales, some of the assumptions of continuum mechanics are expected to fail. The issue is at what system size and in what way will they fail. These are issues that atomistic simulation can unambiguously answer. Our working codes are written in FORTRAN and MPI and have run on IBM SP2s. Coupling length scales is accomplished thus: Regions of breaking bonds (defects) are of necessity described by electronic structure methodology. These are coupled to the statistical mechanics of submicron system sizes (to provide necessary fluctuations) via conventional molecular dynamics. This region, in turn, is coupled to the universe via finite elements. The two MEMS systems to be studied are: (1) the vibrational behavior of micron scale quarts oscillators and (2) the friction and wear of MEMS gear trains both with and without self-assembled monolayer (SAM) lubricated surfaces. C1 USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Broughton, JQ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 0-19-512050-7 J9 T PHYS CHEM SER PY 1999 BP 491 EP 505 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BP18E UT WOS:000084339600041 ER PT B AU Tucker, JE Schultz, A Lu, C Sebok, T Holloway, C Tankersley, LL McClelland, T Howard, PL Reintjes, J AF Tucker, JE Schultz, A Lu, C Sebok, T Holloway, C Tankersley, LL McClelland, T Howard, PL Reintjes, J BE Jones, MH Sleeman, DG TI LASERNET FINES optical wear debris monitor SO CONDITION MONITORING '99, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Condition Monitoring CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL UNIV WALES, SWANSA, WALES SP Joint Oil Anal Program US Forces, Inst Mech Engineers, Inst Marine Engineers, Royal Inst Non Destruct Testing, Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers, Machinery Failure Prevent Technol, Wuhan Transportat Univ HO UNIV WALES DE LASERNET FINES; wear debris analysis; particle imaging ID PARTICLE AB The performance of LASERNET FINES optical oil debris monitor is described. The instrument determines the type, severity and rate of progression of mechanical faults by measuring the size distributions, rate of production and the morphological analysis of debris particles in fluids. Its analysis of two of accelerated gearbox failure tests is described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tucker, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5614, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COXMOOR PUBLISHING CO PI CHIPPING NORTON PA PO BOX 72, CHIPPING NORTON OX7 6JU, ENGLAND BN 1-901892-11-5 PY 1999 BP 445 EP 452 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW24V UT WOS:000181333700041 ER PT B AU Leadon, CJ AF Leadon, CJ BE Kostecki, PT Calabrese, EJ Bonazountas, M TI Kriging of harbor sediment bioassays in eco-risk assessments SO CONTAMINATED SOILS, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Conference on Contaminated Soils CY OCT, 1998 CL UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST, MA SP Amer Petr Inst, Amer Water Works Res Fdn, Assoc Amer Railroads, Massachusetts Dept Enviornm Protect, USN, Facilities Engn Command, USN, Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, NE Utilit, Oxygenated Fuel Assoc, ENSR Consulting & Engn, Gas Res Inst, Geomatrix, Harding Lawson Associates, Parsons Engn Sci HO UNIV MASSACHUSETTS C1 USN, ESST, SWDIV, Naval Facil Command, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Leadon, CJ (reprint author), USN, ESST, SWDIV, Naval Facil Command, Code 4EN-CL,1220 Pacific Highway, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMHERST SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI AMHERST PA 150 FEARING STREET, AMHERST, MA 01002 USA BN 1-884940-22-6 PY 1999 BP 309 EP 319 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR72Z UT WOS:000167354300025 ER PT S AU Fahroo, F Wang, CM AF Fahroo, F Wang, CM BE Chen, SP Li, XJ Yong, JM Zhou, XY TI Stability and approximations of an acoustic-structure model SO CONTROL OF DISTRIBUTED PARAMETER AND STOCHASTIC SYSTEMS SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Control of Distributed Parameter and Stochastic Systems CY JUN 19-22, 1998 CL HANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Federat Informat Processing, WG7 2 DE acoustic-structure models; multiplier technique; exponential stability; Galerkin method AB We consider uniform exponential stability and preservation of this property under approximations for a coupled acoustic- structure system with "porous" damped boundary conditions. This system consists of a 2-D acoustic cavity whose portion of its boundary is modeled as a flexible beam. Using a multiplier technique we show that the "porous" boundary condition provides enough damping to yield uniform exponential stability of the model. We also present a polynomial-based Galerkin numerical scheme which results in approximate solutions with a uniform rate of decay. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fahroo, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Code MA FF, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 0-412-83790-0 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 1999 VL 13 BP 39 EP 46 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BP38E UT WOS:000084928900005 ER PT J AU Devereaux, A Dang, E Devereaux, C AF Devereaux, A Dang, E Devereaux, C TI Acute hyponatremia in five military recruits presenting with seizures: Rapid vs. slow correction of sodium SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Pulm Med & Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92135 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 SU S MA 77 BP A59 EP A59 DI 10.1097/00003246-199901001-00117 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 160NN UT WOS:000078236900117 ER PT J AU Henderson, DR AF Henderson, DR TI How (some) socialists become capitalists: The cases of three prominent intellectuals SO CRITICAL REVIEW LA English DT Article AB Three prominent economists born early in the twentieth century-James Buchanan, lack Hirshleifer, and Simon Rottenberg-switched from a belief in socialism in their twenties ou thirties to strong support for free markets. Interviews show that for all three, and especially for Buchanan and Rottenberg, what changed them is what they learned in their economics classes. For Hirshleifer, another major influence was the pact between Hitler and Stalin, which caused him to be move skeptical about leftist ideas and made him move open to intellectual criticisms of socialism. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Henderson, DR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRITICAL REVIEW FOUNDATION PI NEWTOWN PA PO BOX 10, DEPT 137, NEWTOWN, CT 06470 USA SN 0891-3811 J9 CRIT REV JI Crit. Rev. PY 1999 VL 13 IS 3-4 BP 229 EP 237 DI 10.1080/08913819908443531 PG 9 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 410PL UT WOS:000167448300001 ER PT B AU Kawecki, TG James, SC AF Kawecki, TG James, SC BE Ross, RG TI DARPA low cost cryocooler performance testing: Preliminary results SO CRYOCOOLERS 10 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Cryocooler Conference CY MAY 26-28, 1998 CL LOCKHEED MARTIN ADV TECHNOL CTR, MONTEREY, CA HO LOCKHEED MARTIN ADV TECHNOL CTR AB Many semiconductor electronic technologies (such as Silicon CMOS and Gallium Arsenide HEMT) and High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) electronic devices offer significantly enhanced performance at cryogenic temperatures compared to ambient temperature operation. There have been few commercial or industrial products that exploit cryogenic temperature operation due to the cost and reliability of cryocooling system. To address this cryocooling need, the DARPA Low Cost Cryocooler Program has supported the development of a number of low cost, long life cryocoolers. The development goal in this program is to provide cooling capacity (that is required for a specific commercial application) with a minimum 3 year life at one thousand dollar cost target for a ten thousand unit per year production. Six types of cryocoolers were supported by this effort. One from each of the following vendors: Superconductor Technologies Inc.: CTI, APD Cryogenics, CryoMech Inc., Raytheon (formerly Hughes Aircraft) and MMR Technologies, Inc. Demonstration systems from each of these vendors have been delivered to the Naval Research Laboratory and the testing of these systems has begun during the past year. In order to verify the performance of these new cryocoolers, the Naval Research Laboratory has established a long life cryocooler testing facility. Cryocooler performance parameters such as cryogenic thermal load, cold finger temperature, cryocooler input wall power and cryocooler rejection temperature are instrumented. Pertinent ambient conditions such as ambient room temperature and cold finger vacuum levels are also instrumented. An automated data acquisition system, utilizing a PC with Lab View software, is used to monitor, control, and archive cooler performance data. Approximately one year of testing has been completed on the first cryocoolers delivered under the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) LCC program to date. A brief overview of the coolers under test is presented as well as selected test results. An overview of the existing test facility and future plans is presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kawecki, TG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46120-X PY 1999 BP 43 EP 54 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BR59Y UT WOS:000166912300004 ER PT S AU Karle, J Huang, L Massa, L AF Karle, J Huang, L Massa, L BE Tsoucaris, G TI Quantum crystallography: Features and application SO CURRENT CHALLENGES ON LARGE SUPRAMOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES C, MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Current Challenges on Large Supramolecular Assemblies CY OCT 31-NOV 05, 1997 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP NATO Supramolec Chem Programme, Int Union Crystallog, European Commiss, DG XII, Cent & E Europe, Off Naval Res, European Off, US, Ministere Affaires Etrangeres, France, Gen Secretariat Res & Technol, Greece, NCSR Democritos, Greece, Agr Univ Athens, Greece, Ionian Bank, Greece C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20175 USA. RP Karle, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20175 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0258-2023 BN 0-7923-5314-5 J9 NATO ADV SCI I C-MAT PY 1999 VL 519 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Crystallography; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Physics GA BM07F UT WOS:000077545600001 ER PT S AU Karle, IL AF Karle, IL BE Tsoucaris, G TI Crystal solving procedures applied to peptides, foldamers and channel forming adamantyl/peptide hybrid macrocycles SO CURRENT CHALLENGES ON LARGE SUPRAMOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES C, MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Current Challenges on Large Supramolecular Assemblies CY OCT 31-NOV 05, 1997 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP NATO Supramolec Chem Programme, Int Union Crystallog, European Commiss, DG XII, Cent & E Europe, Off Naval Res, European Off, US, Ministere Affaires Etrangeres, France, Gen Secretariat Res & Technol, Greece, NCSR Democritos, Greece, Agr Univ Athens, Greece, Ionian Bank, Greece C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0258-2023 BN 0-7923-5314-5 J9 NATO ADV SCI I C-MAT PY 1999 VL 519 BP 337 EP 348 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Crystallography; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Physics GA BM07F UT WOS:000077545600023 ER PT J AU Murphy, GS Echeverria, P AF Murphy, GS Echeverria, P TI Treatment of gastrointestinal infections SO CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; CHOLERA AB During the past year, we have seen the continuing spread of antimicrobial drug resistance in important gastrointestinal pathogens. Typhoid fever seen in the United States was multidrug resistant, but still susceptible to quinolones, The mechanism of quinolone resistant typhoid in Vietnam was better elucidated. Treatment failures in enterobacteriaceae treated with quinolones suggest that the minimum inhibitory concentration break point for resistance should be lowered. Evidence is mounting that ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin may be safely used to treat serious infections in children. Cefixime showed some promise in treating shigellosis in an open labeled trial. Decreased gastric acid secretion was associated with cholera but not dysentery. Phase 1 trials of vaccines for cholera and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli showed promise, The antifungal drug, clotrimazole, demonstrated ability to inhibit secretory diarrhea in laboratory studies. Nitazoxanide demonstrated efficacy in both protozoan and helminthic infections in humans, including fascioliasis. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Bacteriol & Mol Genet, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, APO, AP 96546 USA. RP Murphy, GS (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Program, Code 41,Bldg 17,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0267-1379 J9 CURR OPIN GASTROEN JI Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1 BP 90 EP 94 DI 10.1097/00001574-199901000-00016 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 173JK UT WOS:000078977300016 PM 17023924 ER PT J AU Yamanaka, CT Gibbs, NF AF Yamanaka, CT Gibbs, NF TI Trauma-induced linear scleroderma SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID PUVA BATH PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY; LOCALIZED SCLERODERMA; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; ORAL CALCITRIOL; MORPHEA; LESIONS; INJURY; DNA AB Linear scleroderma (linear morphea) is a form of localized scleroderma characterized by sclerotic lesions distributed in a linear, band-like pattern. Despite its benign course, the disease can cause severe cosmetic, orthopedic, and psychologic problems. The cause is unknown, Many cases are preceded by a history of trauma. We describe a case in which linear scleroderma occurred following a laceration to the affected site. We review the treatment options and discuss the current theories regarding the pathogenesis of the disease. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. RP Yamanaka, CT (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JAN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 29 EP 32 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 160KT UT WOS:000078230200006 PM 9951591 ER PT J AU Tharapel, AT Michaelis, RC Velagaleti, GVN Laundon, CH Martens, PR Buchanan, PD Teague, KE Tharapel, SA Wilroy, RS AF Tharapel, AT Michaelis, RC Velagaleti, GVN Laundon, CH Martens, PR Buchanan, PD Teague, KE Tharapel, SA Wilroy, RS TI Chromosome duplications and deletions and their mechanisms of origin SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DE-NOVO DUPLICATION; INTERSTITIAL DELETION; JACOBSEN-SYNDROME; SHORT ARM; SEQUENCES; (17)(P11.2P11.2); REARRANGEMENTS; RECOMBINATION; TYPE-1A; 17P11.2 AB Duplications and deletions of the same gene loci or chromosome regions are known to produce different clinical manifestations and are significant factors in human morbidity and mortality. Extensive cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic studies with cosmid and YAC probes in two patients with unique mosaicism for reciprocal duplication-deletion allowed us to further understand the origin of these abnormalities. The first patient's mosaic karyotype was 46,XX,inv dup(ll) (q23q13)/46,XX,del(11)(q13q23). The second patient had a 46,XY,dup(7)(p11.2p13)/46,XY, del(7)(p 11.2p13)146,XY karyotype. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies on the first patient placed the two breakpoints near the folate-sensitive fragile sites FRA11A and FRA11B. The presence of repeated sequences responsible for these fragile sites may have been involved in the patient's duplication-deletion. Our investigation leads us to conclude that, in addition to known mechanisms (such as unequal crossovers between homologs, unequal sister chromatid exchanges, excision of intrachromatid loops, and meiotic recombination within a single chromatid), duplication-deletion can also arise by the formation of an overlying loop followed by an uneven crossover at the level of the DNA strand. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Pediat, Clin & Mol Cytogenet Lab, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Obstet, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Gynecol, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Greenwood Genet Ctr, JC Self Res Inst, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA. GeneCare Med Genet Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. VA Med Ctr, Cytogenet Reference Lab, Memphis, TN USA. RP Tharapel, AT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Pediat, Clin & Mol Cytogenet Lab, Hlth Sci Ctr, 711 Jefferson Ave, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 1999 VL 85 IS 3-4 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.1159/000015314 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 227QB UT WOS:000082090200024 PM 10449919 ER PT J AU Veron, AJ Church, TM Rivera-Duarte, I Flegal, AR AF Veron, AJ Church, TM Rivera-Duarte, I Flegal, AR TI Stable lead isotopic ratios trace thermohaline circulation in the subarctic North Atlantic SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Intergovernmental-Oceanographic-Commission-Committee on the Global Investigation of Pollution in the Marine Environment Meeting CY MAY-JUN -, 1996 CL MONTEVIDEO, URUGUAY SP Intergovt Oceanog Commiss Comm ID GIBBS FRACTURE-ZONE; LABRADOR-SEA-WATER; PB-ISOTOPES; ANTHROPOGENIC LEAD; OVERFLOW WATER; OCEAN; EMISSIONS; AEROSOLS; METALS; CHARACTERIZE AB Vertical profiles of lead concentrations in the subarctic North Atlantic attest to the predominance of anthropogenic lead inputs to those waters, while variations in their lead isotopic ratios (Pb-204:Pb-206:Pb-207: Pb-208) show the multiplicity of those industrial lead inputs, Spatial gradients in the isotopic ratios are consistent with the thermohaline circulation of different water masses, which seemingly have relatively discrete isotopic signatures. These include characteristic Pb-206/Pb-207 ratios of the North Atlantic Drift (1.183-1.187), Iceland-Scotland Overflow Water (1.173-1.176), Denmark Straits Overflow Water (1.179-1.182), and Labrador Sea Water (1.190-1.120). Based on parallels between these initial isotopic data and T-S measurements, it is proposed that stable lead isotopic compositions may be employed as complementary tracers of the mixing of source waters in the Nordic seas, as they overflow the Iceland-Scotland Ridge and Denmark Strait, mixing into the Labrador Sea to form North Atlantic Deep Water. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Aix Marseille 3, UMR CNRS 6635, CEREGE, F-13628 Aix En Provence 4, France. Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, SPAWAR Sys Ctr, Envir Sci Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, WIGS, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Veron, AJ (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille 3, UMR CNRS 6635, CEREGE, BP80, F-13628 Aix En Provence 4, France. NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 1999 VL 46 IS 5 BP 919 EP 935 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00009-0 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 199ZX UT WOS:000080514900005 ER PT J AU Wood, AM Lipsen, M Coble, P AF Wood, AM Lipsen, M Coble, P TI Fluorescence-based characterization of phycoerythrin-containing cyanobacterial communities in the Arabian Sea during the Northeast and early Southwest Monsoon (1994-1995) SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN INDIAN-OCEAN; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; EPIFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; MARINE SYNECHOCOCCUS; PICOPLANKTON; ATLANTIC; ULTRAPHYTOPLANKTON; SPECTROSCOPY; VARIABILITY; ADAPTATION AB Scanning fluorescence spectroscopy was used to investigate the spatial and temporal variability in the fluorescence signature of phycoerythrin-containing organisms in the Arabian Sea during the early Northeast and early Southwest Monsoon (1994-1995), Phycoerythrin (PE) emission spectra were relatively invariant among all the samples collected on either cruise; the relatively symmetrical PE emission peaks showed maxima at wavelengths ranging from 563-572 nm. PE excitation spectra always showed either a strong shoulder or a peak at wavelengths absorbed maximally by phycourobilin (PUB) chromophores as well as a peak at wavelengths absorbed maximally by phycoerythrobilin (PEB) chromophores. Thus, the Arabian Sea appears to be different from the Black Sea or Gulf of Maine in that PUB-lacking forms of PE rarely, if ever, dominate the PE signal. Fluorescence excitation signatures differed in the relative excitation of PE emission by wavelengths absorbed by PUB (similar to 495 nm, Ex(PUB)) and by wavelengths absorbed by PEB (similar to 550 nm, Ex(PEB)); these were distinguished by having either very low (similar to 0.6), very high (similar to 1.8), or intermediate Ex(PUB):Ex(PEB) ratios. The distribution of samples with different PE fluorescence signatures was investigated extensively during the early Southwest Monsoon, and communities characterized by the low Ex(PUB):Ex(PEB) ratios were closely associated with cooler (24-27 degrees C), fresher (35.7-36.25 psu) water influenced by coastal upwelling. In general, "ambient" surface water of the Arabian Sea during the early Southwest Monsoon was of intermediate temperature (27-29 degrees C) and salinity (36.15-36.4 psu) and showed intermediate or high values for Ex(PUB):Ex(PEB). This suggests that the PE fluorescence signature can be used to follow the fate of upwelling-influenced water masses and the populations they transport. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Biol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Wood, AM (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Biol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 1999 VL 46 IS 8-9 BP 1769 EP 1790 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 222JK UT WOS:000081781000010 ER PT J AU Hildebrandt, GG AF Hildebrandt, GG TI The military production function SO DEFENCE AND PEACE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE military production function; cost-effectiveness analysis; interdiction; response surface methodology; isoquants AB This article analyzes three methods of estimating the military production function which relates military inputs to a measure of military effectiveness. The econometric military production function employs historical data to estimate the relationship between inputs and military effectiveness. A production function estimated during the Vietnam War is provided as an example. The response-surface military production summarizes the input and output data of a large-scale military operations research model. This method is illustrated using a model that links maintenance manpower to aircraft sorties. The technological military production function is derived from underlying technological relationships. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Syst Management Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hildebrandt, GG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Syst Management Dept, Code SM-Hi, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1043-0717 J9 DEFENCE PEACE ECON JI Def. Peace Econ. PY 1999 VL 10 IS 3 BP 247 EP 272 DI 10.1080/10430719908404926 PG 26 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 232QF UT WOS:000082380900002 ER PT J AU Mayers, DL AF Mayers, DL TI Exotic virus infections of military significance - Hemorrhagic fever viruses and pox virus infections SO DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article ID RENAL SYNDROME; DENGUE INFECTIONS; HEALTH PROBLEM; RIBAVIRIN; IDENTIFICATION; VACCINIA; THERAPY; ASSAY; RISK AB Military personnel are frequently deployed to distant locations around the world under conditions of great stress, which involve potential exposure to hazardous viruses that are not commonly seen in the developed world. This article will provide an overview of two clinical presentations of viral infections of potential military significance: hemorrhagic fever and poxvirus infections. The three viral hemorrhagic fever viruses described-dengue, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, and Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever-represent the diversity of potential hemorrhagic fever viruses that military forces may be exposed. Human poxvirus infections are currently uncommon but knowledge of these agents will again become important should a terrorist threat of the use of smallpox become real and widespread use of vaccinia be considered to protect the military force. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Program, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Mayers, DL (reprint author), Henry Ford Hosp, 2799 W Grand Blvd,CFP 102, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM dmayersl@hfhs.org NR 70 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8635 J9 DERMATOL CLIN JI Dermatol. Clin. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 17 IS 1 BP 29 EP + DI 10.1016/S0733-8635(05)70068-1 PG 14 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 162VV UT WOS:000078368400004 PM 9986994 ER PT J AU Schoelch, SB Barrett, TL Greenway, HT AF Schoelch, SB Barrett, TL Greenway, HT TI Recognition and management of high-risk cutaneous tumors SO DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Review ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; MOHS MICROGRAPHIC SURGERY; MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA; MICROCYSTIC ADNEXAL CARCINOMA; DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; SEBACEOUS CARCINOMA; SURGICAL MARGINS; RECURRENCE RATES; SKIN-CANCER AB The majority of cutaneous malignancies can be treated by the military dermatologist in a clinical setting. Recognition of tumors at high risk for recurrence or metastasis is important for any dermatologist but especially for the military dermatologist who may have limited access to subspecialist cafe. Providing optimal care includes knowledge about which patients should be medavacced to larger medical centers for advanced surgical and medical treatments. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Barrett, TL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 104 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8635 J9 DERMATOL CLIN JI Dermatol. Clin. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 17 IS 1 BP 93 EP + DI 10.1016/S0733-8635(05)70072-3 PG 21 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 162VV UT WOS:000078368400008 PM 9986998 ER PT J AU Ross, EV Chhieng, N AF Ross, EV Chhieng, N TI Lasers in the military for cutaneous disease and wound healing SO DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article ID CO2-LASER TISSUE ABLATION; HAIR REMOVAL; PULSE DURATION; THERMAL-DAMAGE; RUBY-LASER; HUMAN-SKIN; TATTOOS; NM; MANAGEMENT; MICROSCOPY AB The clinical laser experience of military dermatologists mirrors that of their civilian counterparts; however, there are applications for lasers in dermatology in which there is special military relevance. These range from treatment of common diseases such as pseudofolliculitis barbae to noninvasive identification of shrapnel injuries on the battlefield using novel laser-based diagnostic techniques. Although some applications in this report are experimental, emerging technologies should allow for their clinical or field implementation in the near future. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), USN Hosp, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Box 324, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8635 J9 DERMATOL CLIN JI Dermatol. Clin. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 17 IS 1 BP 135 EP + PG 17 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 162VV UT WOS:000078368400011 PM 9987001 ER PT J AU Sajben, FP Ross, EV AF Sajben, FP Ross, EV TI The use of the 1.0 mm handpiece in high energy, pulsed CO2 laser destruction of facial adnexal tumors SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID CO2-LASER TISSUE ABLATION; MULTIPLE TRICHOEPITHELIOMAS; SUPERPULSED MODE; THERMAL-DAMAGE; DURATION; SURGERY AB BACKGROUND. The treatment of syringoma and trichoepithelioma has included punch and shave biopsy, excision, electrodessication, as well as continuous wave and superpulsed carbon dioxide laser ablation. More recently, high-energy pulsed CO2 lasers have been reported to be effective with standard available handpieces that deliver collimated beams. OBJECTIVE. To report our experience using a focusing handpiece (1.0mm spot at focus) with a high energy pulsed CO2 laser. METHODS. Four patients with syringoma and two with multiple trichoepithelioma were treated with a high energy pulsed CO2 laser using a 1mm spot size focusing handpiece. Pulse energies ranged from 125 to 250 mJ. All patients were followed 2 weeks after treatment and then for variable periods ranging from 8 to 18 months (mean = 13.3 months). RESULTS. The 1mm spot focusing handpiece permitted rapid tumor ablation with optimal matching of lesion size and laser spot diameter. Recurrence of tumor was associated with superficial ablation while complications such as hypopigmentation and atrophy were associated with deeper ablation. CONCLUSION. Facial adnexal tumors such as syringoma and trichoepithelioma can be successfully treated with the 1.0mm handpiece in tandem with high energy pulsed CO2 lasers. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Clin Res, Med Editing Div,Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Sajben, FP (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Clin Res, Med Editing Div,Dept Dermatol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 25 IS 1 BP 41 EP 44 DI 10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08066.x PG 4 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 160CH UT WOS:000078212400013 PM 9935093 ER PT J AU McDaniel, DH Ash, K Lord, J Newman, J Adrian, RM Zukowski, M AF McDaniel, DH Ash, K Lord, J Newman, J Adrian, RM Zukowski, M TI Laser therapy of spider leg veins: Clinical evaluation of a new long pulsed alexandrite laser SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID HYPERTONIC SALINE; LOWER-EXTREMITY; SCLEROTHERAPY; VARICOSE; TELANGIECTASIA; DISORDERS AB BACKGROUND. The response of spider leg veins to laser or intense pulsed light therapy has generally been characterized by varying degrees of success and frequently inconsistent clinical response rates. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the 755 nm long pulsed infrared alexandrite (LPA) laser for the treatment of leg telangiectasias. METHODS. This Study was constructed in four phases. Phase I examined 28 patients with variable sized telangiectasias using 5 treatment parameters (15 J/cm(2) x 1 pulse, 20 J/cm(2) x 1 pulse, 20 J/cm(2) x 2 pulses, 20 J/cm(2) x 3 pulses, or 30 J/cm(2) x 1 pulse). Each patient received 3 treatments at 4 week intervals with the LPA. Patient diaries were obtained to examine the effects of the treatments. Subjective grading was performed at each follow-up visit by the investigators. Blinded objective grading was performed at the conclusion of the study by trained observers. Phase II examined the effects of these treatment parameters on varying vessel diameters. Vessels were grouped into small(<0.4 mm), intermediate (0.4-1.0 mm), and large (1.0-3.0 mm) subsets. Phase III examined the effects of a combination of LPA treatment followed by 23.4% hypertonic saline sclerotherapy. Subjective and blinded objective grading was used to determine improvement after a single treatment with the LPA at 20 J/cm(2), single pulsed with a pulse duration of 5 or 10 msec followed by treatment with 23.4% hypertonic saline injected 3, 7, 14, or 28 days after laser therapy. Phase IV involved biopsies after LPA treatment alone at time intervals of immediately posttreatment and 5 and 21 days posttreatment. RESULTS. These evaluations revealed that the optimal treatment parameters for LPA therapy alone appeared to be 20 J/cm(2), double pulsed at a repetition rate of one Hz. After 3 treatments at 4 week intervals, subjective grading indicated a 63% reduction in leg telangiectasias. Medium diameter vessels responded best with small vessel diameters responding poorly, if at all. The addition of 23.4% hypertonic saline sclerotherapy performed 3 to 7 days after laser therapy (LPA at 20 J/cm(2), single pulsed with a pulse duration of 5 msec) produced 87% reduction in leg telangiectasias. Biopsies after LPA treatment revealed vessel wall endothelial cell necrosis at 5 days with fibrosis occurring at 3 weeks. The optimal clinical "window" for sclerotherapy seems to coincide with the period of endothelial cell necrosis. CONCLUSION. LPA therapy is most effective for leg telangiectasias 0.4-3.0mm in diameter. This LPA technique is significantly improved with the addition of sclerotherapy. C1 Laser Ctr Virginia, Virginia Beach, VA 23454 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. Ctr Laser Surg, Washington, DC USA. Zukowski Ctr Cosmet Plast Surg, Wilmette, IL USA. RP McDaniel, DH (reprint author), Laser Ctr Virginia, 933 1st Colonial Rd,Suite 113, Virginia Beach, VA 23454 USA. NR 26 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 25 IS 1 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08117.x PG 7 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 160CH UT WOS:000078212400016 PM 9935096 ER PT S AU Lucas, KE Thomas, ED Kaznoff, AI Hogan, EA AF Lucas, KE Thomas, ED Kaznoff, AI Hogan, EA BE Hack, HP TI Design of impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems for US Navy hulls SO DESIGNING CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR MARINE STRUCTURES AND VEHICLES SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Designing Cathodic Protection Systems for Marine Structures and Systems CY NOV 03, 1998 CL NORFOLK, VA SP Comm G1 Corros Met DE cathodic protection; impressed current; physical scale modeling; Navy; design criteria AB The goal of impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) design for ship hulls, under the Navy Ship's Technical Manual (NSTM, Chapter 633), is to provide a uniform potential distribution at -0.85 V, +/-0.05 V, versus a silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference cell, over the wetted hull surface during all operational aspects of an active ship. To accomplish this, the physical scale modeling (PSM) technique, combined with a rigid design protocol has been used extensively by the U.S. Navy to provide optimal and retrofit upgrade designs of ICCP systems for hulls. The ICCP design guidance, provided by the protocol, defines the hull properties, hull damage and general power supply requirements. PSM is utilized to determine optimal placement of ICCP components (anodes and reference cells) and to evaluate performance for up to a 15% wetted hull coatings loss under static (pierside) and dynamic (underway) conditions. Data are provided which illustrate the use of the design protocol criteria, along with the integrated PSM technique, to determine ICCP system design and evaluate performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Key W, FL 33041 USA. RP Lucas, KE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, POB 1739, Key W, FL 33041 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2623-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1370 BP 17 EP 33 DI 10.1520/STP13351S PG 17 WC Engineering, Marine; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP10J UT WOS:000084113700002 ER PT S AU DeGiorgi, VG Lucas, KE AF DeGiorgi, VG Lucas, KE BE Hack, HP TI Computational design of ICCP systems: Lessons learned and future directions SO DESIGNING CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR MARINE STRUCTURES AND VEHICLES SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Designing Cathodic Protection Systems for Marine Structures and Systems CY NOV 03, 1998 CL NORFOLK, VA SP Comm G1 Corros Met DE boundary element; cathodic protection; computational modeling; physical scale modeling; impressed current ID CATHODIC PROTECTION AB Computational modeling using boundary element techniques has been proposed for design and evaluation of shipboard impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems. LaPlace's equation, the governing differential equation for electrochemical corrosion, is well suited for solution by the boundary element method. There has been much work performed in this field during the past two decades. Computational modeling efforts designed to validate boundary element procedures are reviewed. U.S. Navy ship systems discussed are CG-59, CG-66 and CVN-68. Computational analysis accuracy is determined by comparison with physical scale modeling experimental results. Lessons learned from the analyses described are summarized. Advantages and disadvantages of boundary element modeling are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2623-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1370 BP 87 EP 100 DI 10.1520/STP13355S PG 14 WC Engineering, Marine; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP10J UT WOS:000084113700006 ER PT S AU Lathrop, JD Shih, H Wynn, WM AF Lathrop, JD Shih, H Wynn, WM BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Enhanced clutter rejection with two-parameter magnetic classification for UXO SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE magnetics; detection/classification AB The magnetic detection of objects with ferromagnetic casings, such as unexploded ordnance (UXO), is typically plagued by high false alarm rates. In the past, only estimates of the magnitudes of the dipoles found in a magnetic search have been used to determine if the dipoles are UXO-like. Following Altshuler,(1) this paper reports on a method aimed at significantly reducing the false-alarm rate, thereby making magnetic detection of UXO more effective. The method assumes that UXO magnetic dipoles are predominantly induced, rather than permanent, and that their ferromagnetic casings can be closely approximated as spheroids. The method relies on the determination of the full magnetic moment of each magnetic dipole. This information can be obtained, even in a multi-target scenario, by magnetic field gradiometers, which measure the five independent components of the gradient of the magnetic field. Two distinct two-parameter classification schemes are described. One assumes that the magnetic object is lying flat and determines the effective magnetic susceptibilities parallel and normal to the symmetry axis. The other scheme makes no assumption about the orientation of the magnetic object, but provides simple and robust limits on moment magnitude and direction that effectively reject clutter. Real magnetic clutter data gathered at sea is employed to demonstrate and estimate the effectiveness of these schemes. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Lathrop, JD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 37 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.357065 PN 1&2 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300004 ER PT S AU Houser, EJ McGill, RA Mlsna, TE Nguyen, VK Chung, R Mowery, RL AF Houser, EJ McGill, RA Mlsna, TE Nguyen, VK Chung, R Mowery, RL BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Sorbent coatings for detection of explosives vapor: Applications with chemical sensors SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB A series of chemoselective polymers have been designed and synthesized in order to enhance the nitroaromatic sorption properties of coated acoustic wave devices. Acoustic wave (AW) devices coated with a thin layer of chemoselective polymer can provide highly sensitive transducers for the detection of vapors or gases. The sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor depends on several factors including the chemoselective coating used, the physical properties of the vapor(s) of interest, the selected transducer, and the operating conditions. To evaluate the effectiveness of the chemoselective coatings a polynitroaromatic vapor test bed was utilized to challenge polymer coated Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) devices (@ 8mm(2) active transducer area). Detection limits; with the coated SAW sensors, as tested under laboratory conditions, are determined to be in the lower parts per trillion range. FTIR studies were undertaken to determine the nature of the polymer-polynitroaromatic interactions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Houser, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 394 EP 401 DI 10.1117/12.357062 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300041 ER PT S AU Tubridy, LH AF Tubridy, LH BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Environmental optimization in mine countermeasures SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sea mine countermeasures; environmental optimization; environmentally adaptive AB A successful Naval power projection campaign may require operations through littoral regions defined by mines. Mines are among the most prolific weapons available to other nations intent on inhibiting US Naval forces' ability to project power from the sea. Therefore, mine countermeasures (MCM) is integral to the overall power projection campaign. Countering the mine threat is critical to naval forces ability to shape and dominate the battlespace. Future operations will require rapid transit though the littoral regions. New capabilities need to be developed to use the environment to a tactical advantage. This paper describes how the environment is being used and should be used in support of MGM in the littoral region. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Weap, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn,Informat Proc Branch, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Tubridy, LH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Weap, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn,Informat Proc Branch, R13, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 484 EP 495 DI 10.1117/12.357073 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300050 ER PT S AU Slater, R Robinson, C Lingsch, S AF Slater, R Robinson, C Lingsch, S BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Object detection and discrimination in side scan sonar by means of intensity contouring SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE object detection; discrimination; contouring AB A method of automatically locating mine-like objects in side scan sonar images has been used for building data bases which contain clutter density estimates as a function of geographic location. Such data bases are useful for both operations planning and for subsequent analysis of later side scan surveys of the same area. Since traditional side scan sonar object detection is focused on individual objects (e.g., mine detection) rather than a more general description of collections of objects (clutter), it is not immediately useful for the problem addressed here. For that reason, we have developed an approach that uses intensity contouring, followed by a simple geometric analysis of the contours, to find clutter. Discrimination is based upon abject shape, area, and the presence of nearby shadows. We describe the incorporation of such an algorithm into a processing package known as the Unified Sonar Image Processing System (UNISIPS), and we give examples of dummy mine detection and of clutter estimation in a number of side scan sonar images. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Slater, R (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 496 EP 503 DI 10.1117/12.357072 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300051 ER PT S AU Szymczak, WG Guo, WM AF Szymczak, WG Guo, WM BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Mine detection using model-trained multi-resolution neural networks and variational methods SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE mine detection; neural networks; classification; side-scan sonar; wavelets; simulated targets ID IMAGE-ENHANCEMENT AB Even under ideal conditions side-scan sonar (SSS) images of targets can vary greatly depending on the target range and orientation, even if their geometries are identical. This complicates target classification algorithms since typically only a small sample of targets are available for training purposes. This under-representation of targets can cause missed classifications and a higher false alarm ratio in the presence of clutter. This problem is addressed by using apriori information about the targets (e.g. shape and size) as well as the imaging system (SSS) embedded in a model for simulating target images. These simulated target images can be added to the training set for a more complete target representation. Another important aspect of this research includes the use of multiple channels extracted from the images using a multi-resolution wavelet decomposition. This multi-resolution analysis is used to first provide for an efficient detection strategy, by filtering the images over the lower resolution channels. Furthermore, providing target features at different scales improves the performance of the neural network classifier. The dependence of the classifier on local image enhancement provided by total variation minimization and Mumford-Shah segmentation is also studied. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Szymczak, WG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7131, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 559 EP 569 DI 10.1117/12.357078 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300057 ER EF