FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Sintasath, DM Tang, T Slack, R Tilley, EE Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK AF Sintasath, DM Tang, T Slack, R Tilley, EE Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK TI Relative HLA-DRB1*13 allele frequencies and DRB3 associations of unrelated individuals from five US populations SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HLA-DRB1*13; DRB3; PCR-SSOP; allele frequency ID HLA-DRB1 ALLELES; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE MOTIF; PCR-SSOP; HLA; IDENTIFICATION; HAPLOTYPES; DNA; HYBRIDIZATION AB The frequencies of 30 HLA-DRB1*13 alleles and 15 DRB3 alleles were determined for the 5 major U.S. ethnic populations: Caucasians, African Americans, Asian/Pacific Islanders, Hispanics, and Native Americans. A random sampling (163) of DRB1*13-positive individuals from each self-described ethnic group was selected our of a pool of 82,979 unrelated individuals, providing at least an 80% probability of detecting a rare allele that occurred at 1%. These 815 samples were subjected to allele-level SSOP typing and/or DNA sequencing which identified 11 different: DRB1*13 alleles. DRB1*1301 and DRB1*1302 were the most. common alleles seen in the five major ethnic groups while DRB1*1304 was not detected among Caucasians and DRB1*1305 was not detected among African Americans. DRB1*13 allele diversity was surprisingly more limited among African Americans compared to both Caucasians and Asian/Pacific Islanders. To determine the extent of DRB1*13-DRB3 associations, 504 of these samples ex pressing only one DRB3-associated DRB1 allele were subjected to PCR-SSOP typing and 14 DRB1*13-DRB3 haplotypes were detected. The distribution revealed that African Americans were significantly different from Caucasians, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics. Allele frequency studies such as this further support previous findings that the distribution of HLA types can differ significantly among different ethnic populations. (C) American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, 1999. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Lombardi Canc Ctr, Biostat Unit, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, E404 Res Bldg,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P30-CA-51008] NR 40 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 10 BP 1001 EP 1010 DI 10.1016/S0198-8859(99)00085-3 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 252VQ UT WOS:000083523300012 PM 10566602 ER PT J AU Bourgeois, BS Martinez, AB Alleman, PJ Cheramie, JJ Gravley, JM AF Bourgeois, BS Martinez, AB Alleman, PJ Cheramie, JJ Gravley, JM TI Autonomous Bathymetry Survey System SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE automated surveying; environmentally adaptive; swath bathymetry AB This paper discribes the Autonomous Bathymetry Survey System (AutoSurvey), a system that provides automation of swath sonar bathymetric surveys. This system enables faster surveying of an area through environmentally adaptive techniques while ensuring adequate coverage and data quality. AutoSurvey assesses data quality and coverage in real time and generates next-trackline waypoints based on actual system performance. The need for real-time performance assessment is discussed. A primary factor considered is the effect of the environment on swath bathymetry system performance, which is difficult to predict a priori, The system's features, design, and implementation are discussed in this paper. Simulation and sea trial results are presented, as well as an analysis of the system's ability to reduce survey time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New Orleans, LA 70018 USA. C&C Technol Inc, Lafayette, LA 70508 USA. RP Bourgeois, BS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7440, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 24 IS 4 BP 414 EP 423 DI 10.1109/48.809261 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 247JM UT WOS:000083217700001 ER PT J AU Gaumond, CF AF Gaumond, CF TI Echo components for aspect-independent detection and classification SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE active sonar; classification; target characteristics ID ACOUSTIC SCATTERING AB Data from a numerical target scattering model are described in the time and frequency domains. These echoes are separated into physics-based components called wavepackets, which are aspect-dependent. These individual components are made stochastic by the assumption of random aspect. Each physical component is then decomposed with a statistically independent basis via the Karhunen-Loeve Expansion (KLE). It is shown that the echo is well described by a collection of a feu terms of the KLE, The statistically independent expansion amplitudes are then used to generate detection statistics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gaumond, CF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 24 IS 4 BP 436 EP 446 DI 10.1109/48.809263 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 247JM UT WOS:000083217700003 ER PT J AU Drumheller, DM Lew, H AF Drumheller, DM Lew, H TI Pade approximations to Rician statistical functions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID K-DISTRIBUTION; CLUTTER; MODEL AB Approximations are derived for the statistical functions that characterize the matched filter output amplitude given a non-fluctuating point target and an arbitrary clutter model. The approximations are the inverse Hankel transform of a Pade approximation to their associated characteristic function (CF) and can be used to calculate receiver operating characteristics (ROCs). C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Def Sci & Technol Org, Maritime Operat Div, Salisbury, SA 5108, Australia. RP Drumheller, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Code 7140, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1421 EP 1428 DI 10.1109/7.805458 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 256EZ UT WOS:000083714100028 ER PT J AU Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B Rosenfeld, A AF Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B Rosenfeld, A TI Optimally isotropic Laplacian operator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Letter DE deblurring; edge enhancement; Laplacian operator; spatial derivatives AB Laplacian operators used in the literature for digital image processing are not rotationally invariant. We examine the anisotropy of a x 3 Laplacian operators for images quantized in square pixels, and find the operator which has the minimum overall anisotropy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Automat Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kamgar-Parsi, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ar@cfar.umd.edu NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1467 EP 1472 DI 10.1109/83.791975 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 240ND UT WOS:000082831300018 PM 18267421 ER PT J AU Eichel, P Ives, RW AF Eichel, P Ives, RW TI Compression of complex-valued SAR images SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Letter DE coherent imaging; complex-valued images; compression; quantization; SAR AB Synthetic aperture radars (SAR) are coherent imaging systems that produce complex-valued images of the ground. Because modern systems can generate large amounts of data, there is substantial interest in applying image compression techniques to these products. In this work, we examine the properties of complex-valued SAR images relevant to the task of data compression. We advocate the use of transform-based compression methods but employ radically different quantization strategies than those commonly used for incoherent optical images. The theory, methodology, and examples are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Eichel, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1483 EP 1487 DI 10.1109/83.791978 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 240ND UT WOS:000082831300021 PM 18267424 ER PT J AU Giuliani, JL Shamamian, VA Thomas, RE Apruzese, JP Mulbrandon, M Rudder, RA Hendry, RC Robson, AE AF Giuliani, JL Shamamian, VA Thomas, RE Apruzese, JP Mulbrandon, M Rudder, RA Hendry, RC Robson, AE TI Two-dimensional model of a large area, inductively coupled, rectangular plasma source for chemical vapor deposition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diamond; electromagnetic induction; Faraday screen; plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD); plasma chemistry; plasma devices ID DIAMOND FILMS; HYDROGEN; DISCHARGES; IONS AB A novel design for an inductively coupled, rectangular plasma source is described. The design encompasses several key issues of large area thin film growth by chemical vapor deposition: structural integrity, electrostatic screening, substrate temperature control, and maximal growth surface. A test reactor has been utilized to grow diamond films over similar to 1800 cm(2) at 13 MHz and similar to 1 torr pressure with 45 kW coupled power. The design is readily scalable to larger areas. To analyze the axial plasma uniformity, a two-dimensional (2-D) simulation model is presented. The electromagnetic coupling, nonequilibrium plasma chemistry, and multispecies diffusion are self-consistently treated. In this 2-D approach, the slotted Faraday screen behaves as a diamagnetic medium in transmitting the magnetic field. Results are compared with experimental data for the hydrogen plasma extent, electron, and gas temperatures. Neutral gas thermal conduction and hydrogen recombination dominate the energy deposition to the wall, and in turn govern the plasma length. A tradeoff between quality and growth area is predicted for the reactor as the pressure is decreased. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Specified Surfaces & Interfaces Inc, Wake Forest, NC 27587 USA. Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. RP Giuliani, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1317 EP 1328 DI 10.1109/27.799808 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 251PA UT WOS:000083453000012 ER PT J AU Fruchtman, A Grossmann, JM Swanekamp, SB Ottinger, PF AF Fruchtman, A Grossmann, JM Swanekamp, SB Ottinger, PF TI Sheath propagation along the cathode of a plasma opening switch SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hall effect; opening switch; pulsed power; sheath; vacuum gap ID PENETRATION; STORAGE; FIELD; DIODE; GAP AB A model is proposed for sheath propagation along the cathode of a plasma opening switch that is valid for switch conditions intermediate to the erosion-dominated and MHD-dominated regimes. The model assumes that the sheath propagates due to erosion of the plasma that conducts the current. The calculated velocity of propagation agrees with particle-in-cell simulation results much better than do velocities calculated by previous models that assumed magnetic pressure opens a vacuum gap along the cathode. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. APTI, Washington, DC 20037 USA. JAYCOR, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fruchtman, A (reprint author), Ctr Technol Educ Holon, Exact Sci Dept, IL-58102 Holon, Israel. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1464 EP 1468 DI 10.1109/27.799827 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 251PA UT WOS:000083453000031 ER PT J AU Xia, XG Chen, VC AF Xia, XG Chen, VC TI A quantitative SNR analysis for the pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE joint time-frequency analysis; pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution; SNR analysis ID AMBIGUITY FUNCTION; SIGNALS; TRANSFORM; DOMAIN AB A quantitative analysis for short-time Fourier transform has been recently given. In this correspondence, we analyze the SNR for the pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution with rectangular windows for multicomponent signals in additive noise. SNR for the pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution in terms of a sampling rate is given for a fixed window length. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Xia, XG (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 47 IS 10 BP 2891 EP 2894 DI 10.1109/78.790673 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 237YJ UT WOS:000082683900028 ER PT J AU Bollt, EM AF Bollt, EM TI Stability of order: An example of horseshoes "near" a linear map SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Article AB We have been motivated by a question of "anticontrol" of chaos [Schiff et al., 1994], in which recent examples [Chen & Lai, 1997] of controlling nonchaotic maps to chaos have required large perturbations. Can this be done without such brute force? In this paper, we present an example in which a family of maps, G(epsilon), numerically displays a transverse homoclinic point, and hence a horseshoe and chaos, for a fixed value of the parameter epsilon. We show that these maps converge pointwise to a linear map. Furthermore, a simple scaling conjugacy is shown for a family of maps which even shows geometric similarity of all relevant structures. This is in seeming contradiction to well-known structural stability results concerning horseshoes, but careful consideration reveals that these theorems require convergence in a uniform topology in function space. We show that no such convergence is possible for our family of maps, since it is impossible to find a finite radius disk which contains all of the horseshoes Delta(epsilon) for every epsilon. Thus, there is no contradiction. Our example may be considered to be a new kind of bifurcation route to chaos by horseshoes, in which rather than creating/destroying a horseshoe by creating/destroying transverse homoclinic points, the horseshoe is sent/brought to/from infinity. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bollt, EM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD OCT PY 1999 VL 9 IS 10 BP 2081 EP 2090 DI 10.1142/S0218127499001516 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 266EV UT WOS:000084288400014 ER PT J AU Lang, AR Makepeace, APW Butler, JE AF Lang, AR Makepeace, APW Butler, JE TI Morphological and synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction studies of large columnar CVD diamond crystallites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB Optical microscopic and goniometric measurements were combined with microradiography, diffraction-pattern analysis and topography to study a 2 mm thick [001]-texture CVD (chemical vapour deposition) diamond film that had developed a coarse-grained structure composed of separate columnar crystallites. Individual columns were capped by large (001) facets, with widths up to 0.5 mm, and which were smooth but not flat, whereas the column sides were morphologically irregular. The refractive deviation of X-rays transmitted through the crystallites was exploited for delineating facet edges, thereby facilitating the controlled positioning of small-cross-section X-ray beams used for recording diffraction patterns from selected volumes in two representative crystallites. Their structure consisted of a [001] axial core column surrounded by columns in twin orientation with respect to the core. The diamond volume directly below the (001) facets was free from low-angle boundaries, and no dislocation outcrops on the facets were detected. Significant elastic deformation of this volume was only present close to the facet periphery. where misorientations reached a few milli-radians. Lattice imperfection was high in the twins with similar to 1 degrees misorientations. C1 Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lang, AR (reprint author), Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 32 BP 924 EP 933 DI 10.1107/S0021889899006652 PN 5 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 246FY UT WOS:000083154800013 ER PT J AU Walters, RJ Romero, MJ Araujo, D Garcia, R Messenger, SR Summers, GP AF Walters, RJ Romero, MJ Araujo, D Garcia, R Messenger, SR Summers, GP TI Detailed defect study in proton irradiated InP/Si solar cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL ANNEALED INP; LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; P-TYPE INP; IMPLANTED INP; SI; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DISPLACEMENT; FE AB A detailed study of the effects of proton irradiation-induced defects in heteroepitaxially grown InP/Si solar cells has been made through a combination of cathodoluminescence (CL), electron beam induced current (EBIC), and electrochemical capacitance versus voltage (ECV) carrier profiling measurements. The CL data indicate the distribution of nonradiative recombination centers both before and after proton irradiation, and temperature dependent and spectroscopic analysis of the CL signal give an estimate of the energies of the dominant defect levels. The EBIC data yield an estimate of the magnitude and spatial variation of the minority carrier diffusion length (L) in the base region. Values of L determined from EBIC measurements made on solar cells irradiated by protons ranging in energy from 0.1 up to 4.5 MeV follow a single curve when plotted versus displacement dose, D-d, allowing a single proton damage coefficient to be determined. The ECV measurements show the evolution of the carrier concentration profile in the cell under irradiation, as carrier removal first depletes and eventually type converts the base region. From an in-depth analysis of the combined data, the physical defects that give rise the radiation-induced energy levels are suggested, and a detailed understanding of the physical mechanisms causing the radiation response of InP/Si solar cells is developed. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)05019-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Cadiz, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ciencias Mat & IM QI, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6615,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Garcia Roja, Rafael/0000-0003-2867-7016 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 7 BP 3584 EP 3589 DI 10.1063/1.371262 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 237JL UT WOS:000082652400016 ER PT J AU Himm, JF Homer, LD AF Himm, JF Homer, LD TI A model of extravascular bubble evolution: effect of changes in breathing gas composition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gas bubble evolution; breathing gas change; inert gas; counter-current exchange; oxygen ID DECOMPRESSION-SICKNESS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; AIR BUBBLES; OXYGEN; RAT; SOLUBILITY; SIMULATION; PERFUSION; KINETICS AB Observations of bubble evolution in rats after decompression from air dives (O. Hyldegaard and J. Madsen. Undersea Biomed. Res. 16: 185-193, 1989; O. Hyldegaard and J. Madsen. Undersea Hyperbaric Med. 21: 413-424, 1994; O. Hyldegaard, M. Moller, and J. Madsen. Undersea Biomed. Res. 18: 361-371, 1991) suggest that bubbles may resolve more safely when the breathing gas is a heliox mixture than when it is pure O-2. This is due to a transient period of bubble growth seen during switches to O-2 breathing. In an attempt to understand these experimental results, we have developed a multigas-multipressure mathematical model of bubble evolution, which consists of a bubble in a well-stirred liquid. The liquid exchanges gas with the bubble via diffusion, and the exchange between liquid and blood is described by a single-exponential time constant for each inert gas. The model indicates that bubbles resolve most rapidly in spinal tissue, in adipose tissue, and in aqueous tissues when the breathing gas is switched to O-2 after surfacing. In addition, the model suggests that switching to heliox breathing may prolong the existence of the bubble relative to breathing air for bubbles in spinal and adipose tissues. Some possible explanations for the discrepancy between model and experiment are discussed. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Diving & Environm Physiol Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Himm, JF (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, Diving & Environm Physiol Dept, Code 31,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 87 IS 4 BP 1521 EP 1531 PG 11 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 244NP UT WOS:000083057900040 PM 10517787 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Trump, CL Hallock, ZR AF Marmorino, GO Trump, CL Hallock, ZR TI Near-surface current measurements using a ship-deployed "horizontal" ADCP SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN SURFACE; CIRCULATION; RADAR AB An experiment was performed to measure the near-surface current by aiming horizontally two of the beams from an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) deployed at 0.6-m depth From an anchored (but rolling) ship. The results compare favorably with independent current measurements made at 2-m depth but appear to resolve as well a Vertical current sheer associated with the shallow wind-drift layer. The approach, therefore, has potential for investigating the current profile in the upper meter or two of the water column. C1 USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Code 7250, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1456 EP 1463 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<1456:NSCMUA>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 242TV UT WOS:000082958500016 ER PT J AU Sojka, JJ Schunk, RW David, M Chen, J Slinker, S Fedder, J AF Sojka, JJ Schunk, RW David, M Chen, J Slinker, S Fedder, J TI Interhemispheric comparison of TDIM E- and F-region ionospheres on 14 January 1988 SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; PHYSICAL MODELS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; SOLAR MINIMUM; CONVECTION; THERMOSPHERE; SIMULATION C1 Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Sojka, JJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 61 IS 15 BP 1157 EP 1168 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(99)00047-4 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 283UE UT WOS:000085293700006 ER PT J AU Halpern, D Jiang, Y Himm, JF AF Halpern, D Jiang, Y Himm, JF TI Mathematical model of gas bubble evolution in a straight tube SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID DECOMPRESSION-SICKNESS; CREEPING MOTION; TIME; DROPS; RISK AB Deep sea divers suffer from decompression sickness (DCS) when their rate of ascent to the surface is too rapid. When the ambient pressure drops, inert gas bubbles may form in blood vessels and tissues. The evolution of a gas bubble in a rigid tube filled with slowly moving fluid, intended to simulate a bubble in a blood vessel, is studied by solving a coupled system of fluid-flow and gas transport equations. The governing equations for the fluid motion are solved using two techniques: an analytical method appropriate for small nondeformable spherical bubbles, and the boundary element method for deformable bubbles of arbitrary size, given an applied steady flow rate. A steady convection-diffusion equation is then solved numerically to determine the concentration of gas. The bubble volume, or equivalently the gas mass inside the bubble for a constant bubble pressure, is adjusted over time according to the mass flux at the bubble surface. Using a quasi-steady approximation, the evolution of a gas bubble in a tube is obtained. Results show that convection increases the gas pressure gradient at the bubble surface, hence increasing the rate of bubble evolution. Comparing with the result for a single gas bubble in an infinite tissue, the rare of evolution in a tube is approximately twice as fast. Surface tension is also shown to have a significant effect. These findings may have important implications for our understanding of the mechanisms of inert gas bubbles in the circulation underlying decompression sickness. C1 Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Halpern, D (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RI Halpern, David/H-7323-2012; Halpern, David/F-5041-2014 OI Halpern, David/0000-0003-2255-156X; NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0148-0731 EI 1528-8951 J9 J BIOMECH ENG-T ASME JI J. Biomech. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 1999 VL 121 IS 5 BP 505 EP 513 DI 10.1115/1.2835080 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 243QV UT WOS:000083009500010 PM 10529918 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Liu, CT AF Kwon, YW Liu, CT TI Numerical study of damage growth in particulate composites SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID MICROMECHANICS; BEHAVIOR; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB A numerical study was conducted to simulate and predict damage initiation and growth around the crack tip in particulate composite specimens made of hard particles embedded in a soft rubber-like matrix material. Therefore, damage evolution in the matrix material around crack tips was investigated. The progressive damage was modeled using a micro/macro-approach which combined two levels of analyses like the micro-level and the macro-level analyses. Damage description was undertaken at the microlevel using a simplified three-dimensional unit-cell model and an isotropic continuum damage theory. The numerical study examined both thin and thick specimens with a short or long edge crack to understand the effects of specimen thickness and crack size on the damage initiation, growth, and saturation. Numerical results were compared with experimental data. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Phillips Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 1999 VL 121 IS 4 BP 476 EP 482 DI 10.1115/1.2812404 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 246LH UT WOS:000083164900011 ER PT J AU Subramanian, P Dere, KP Rich, NB Howard, RA AF Subramanian, P Dere, KP Rich, NB Howard, RA TI The relationship of coronal mass ejections to streamers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-ACTIVITY; DISRUPTION; EVOLUTION; MINIMUM; LASCO AB We have examined images from the Large-Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) to study the relationship of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) to coronal streamers. We wish to test the suggestion [Low, 1996] that CMEs arise from flux ropes embedded in a streamer erupting and disrupting the streamer. The data span a period of 2 years near Sunspot minimum through a period of increased activity as Sunspot numbers increased. We have used LASCO data from the C2 coronagraph which records Thomson scattered white light from coronal electrons at heights between 1.5 and 6R(s). Maps of the coronal streamers have been constructed from LASCO C2 observations at a height of 2.5R(s) at the east and west limbs. We have superposed the corresponding positions of CMEs observed with the C2 coronagraph onto the synoptic maps. We identified the different kinds of signatures CMEs leave on the streamer structure at this height (2.5R(s)). We find four types of CMEs with respect to their effect on streamers: 1. CMEs that disrupt the streamer, 2. CMEs that have no effect on the streamer, even though they are related to it, 3. CMEs that create streamer-like structures and 4. CMEs that are latitudinally displaced from the streamer. CMEs in categories 3 and 4 are not related to the streamer structure. This is the most extensive observational study of the relation between CMEs and streamers to date. Previous studies using SMM data have made the general statement that CMEs are mostly associated with streamers and that they frequently disrupt it. However, we find that approximately 35% of the observed CMEs bear no relation to the preexisting Streamer, while 46% have no effect on the observed streamer, even though they appear to be related to it. Our conclusions thus differ considerably from those of previous studies. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, MSN 5C3, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Interferometr Inc, Chantilly, VA 22021 USA. RP Subramanian, P (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, MSN 5C3, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM psubrama@mahanadi.nrl.navy.mil; dere@halcyon.nrl.navy.mil; nathan@calliope.nrl.navy.mil; howard@cronus.nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A10 BP 22321 EP 22330 DI 10.1029/1999JA900252 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 240YV UT WOS:000082855100001 ER PT J AU Knowles, S Meier, RR Gustafson, BAS Giovane, FJ AF Knowles, S Meier, RR Gustafson, BAS Giovane, FJ TI Comment on "A search for small comets with the Naval Space Command Radar" by S. Knowles et al. - Reply SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID EARTHS UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; SPHERES; AGGREGATE; INFLUX C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Raytheon Syst Co, Washington, DC USA. RP Knowles, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7601, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A10 BP 22609 EP 22611 DI 10.1029/1999JA900320 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 240YV UT WOS:000082855100026 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Beal, EJ Hardy, DR Hughes, JM AF Mushrush, GW Beal, EJ Hardy, DR Hughes, JM TI Napalm as an energy resource: a study of the molecular weight distribution of polystyrene in napalm and its use in middle distillate fuels SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE napalm; middle distillate fuel; gasoline; benzene; polystyrene AB The large quantity of napalm that is currently being treated as hazardous waste represents a viable energy resource that is too valuable to waste. However, there are significant problems to be overcome before this material can be used as an energy source. The scientific and environmental problems include: the broad molecular weight distribution of polystyrene, solubility and compatibility in a fuel matrix, methods to ensure complete combustion, high benzene concentration, low flash point due to the presence of gasoline, and safety in transportation and handling. In this paper, we present data on the molecular weight distribution of the polystyrene present in the napalm mixture, extraction of the gasoline and benzene from napalm, solubility of napalm in middle distillate fuels, simulated burner characteristics of napalm fuel mixtures, and accelerated storage stability studies of napalm fuel mixtures. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Fuels Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. GeoCtr, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Mushrush, GW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Fuels Sect, Code 6121, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 69 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(99)00103-X PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 248NR UT WOS:000083282100002 ER PT J AU Myers, JN Shabshab, SF Burton, NA Nathan, SD AF Myers, JN Shabshab, SF Burton, NA Nathan, SD TI Successful use of cyclosporine in a lung transplant recipient with tacrolimus-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome SO JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID THERAPY; FK-506; FK506 AB Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a rare, but well-described complication in organ transplant recipients maintained on cyclosporine immunosuppression. Tacrolimus is a newer agent with similar immunosuppressant efficacy. In cases of cyclosporine-related HUS in renal transplant recipients, tacrolimus has been used successfully without recurrence of HUS.(1.2) Tacrolimus has been reported to cause HUS in renal and more recently in cardiac transplant patients.(3.4) We report a case of HUS in a lung transplant recipient receiving tacrolimus who was subsequently converted to cyclosporine without recurrence of HUS. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Div Pulm Crit Care Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Myers, JN (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Div Pulm Crit Care Med, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1053-2498 J9 J HEART LUNG TRANSPL JI J. Heart Lung Transplant. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1024 EP 1026 DI 10.1016/S1053-2498(99)00056-X PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery; Transplantation SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery; Transplantation GA 250BN UT WOS:000083369300014 PM 10561115 ER PT J AU Bradford, SF Katopodes, ND AF Bradford, SF Katopodes, ND TI Hydrodynamics of turbid underflows. I: Formulation and numerical analysis SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID DRIVEN GRAVITY CURRENTS; SEDIMENT; MODEL; FAN; ENTRAINMENT; SUSPENSION; CHANNELS; SCHEMES; FLOW AB A mathematical model is developed for unsteady, two-dimensional, single-layer, depth-averaged turbid underflows driven by nonuniform, noncohesive sediment. The numerical solution is obtained by a high-resolution, total variation diminishing, finite-volume numerical model, which is known to capture sharp fronts accurately. The monotone upstream scheme for conservation laws is used in conjunction with predictor-corrector time-stepping to provide a second-order accurate solution. Flux-limiting is implemented to prevent the development of spurious oscillations near discontinuities. The model also possesses the capability to track the evolution and development of an erodible bed, due to sediment entrainment and deposition. This is accomplished by solving a bed-sediment conservation equation at each time step, independent of the hydrodynamic equations, with a predictor-corrector method. The model is verified by comparison to experimental data for currents driven by uniform and nonuniform sediment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 EI 1943-7900 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 1999 VL 125 IS 10 BP 1006 EP 1015 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:10(1006) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 238FH UT WOS:000082699900003 ER PT J AU Bradford, SF Katopodes, ND AF Bradford, SF Katopodes, ND TI Hydrodynamics of turbid underflows. II: Aggradation, avulsion, and channelization SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HYDRAULIC JUMPS; LAKE-SUPERIOR; RUPERT INLET; CURRENTS; FAN; CHANNELS; CANYON; FLOW AB A two-dimensional, depth-averaged finite-volume model is used to study the hydrodynamics of turbid underflows. A sensitivity analysis is performed with regard to model input parameters and the initial bed properties. Simulations are then performed to illustrate aggradation and avulsion in an existing submarine channel. The conditions under which channelization of deposits occur an also examined. The effect of numerical dissipation on flow ignition is examined and the high resolution properties of the model are found to produce satisfactory results. The model is applied to historical field-scale events, including the Reserve Fan in Lake Superior and Rupert Inlet in British Columbia. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Bradford, SF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 1999 VL 125 IS 10 BP 1016 EP 1028 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:10(1016) PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 238FH UT WOS:000082699900004 ER PT J AU Sheehy, JB AF Sheehy, JB TI Draft ANSI standard for the evaluation of laser eye protection SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB The first commercially available laser eye protection was based on absorptive technology. As the name implies, the incident energy is absorbed and then dissipated as heat. Product testing consisted of assessing the optical properties of the eyewear (optical power, haze, distortion, abrasion resistance, etc.), optical density, potential for saturable absorption, and damage threshold. Common of absorptive technologies, the absorption bandwidth was broad with considerable secondary absorption. The unwanted absorption resulted in low transmittance and high spectral distortion. As the usage of lasers spread and the number of possible wavelengths increased, R&D efforts in multiwavelength laser eye protection expanded to explore alternative filter technologies such as holograms or dielectric stacks. The dielectric equivalent of the early neodymium protection had 80% transmittance as opposed to the 45% of the absorptive eyewear. The angular sensitivity, however, required that the bandwidth increased to prevent the filter from shifting off the critical wavelength for off-axis exposures. This new type of eye protection dramatically increased the demands and rigor of performance testing. No longer could one assess just the critical area. Now the required angular protection had to be determined. The required angular coverage was a function of the eye relief, pupil diameter, range of eye movements, and range of interpupillary distances. If the filter is eye centered, and as implied, alignment and fit critical, then one also needs to determine how the filter performs as misalignment is introduced. The safety zone and fit parameters determine the number of points and angular coverage at each point which must be measured to assess the protection offered. This is all in addition to the standard optical tests required to certify a product. Depending on the number of wavelengths, filter complexity, and surface area the time and cost of testing can increase dramatically. (C) 1999 Laser Institute of America. [S1042-346X(99)00805-0]. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Sheehy, JB (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 11 IS 5 BP 237 EP 241 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 243XD UT WOS:000083022000009 ER PT J AU Prinz, GA AF Prinz, GA TI Magnetoelectronics applications SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE sensors; memory; hybrid devices ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; FIELD; MULTILAYERS; SENSOR; FILMS; VALVE AB The introduction of magnetic elements into electronic devices, often referred to as magnetoelectronics, is beginning to be seen in both commercial products as well as purely research devices. In this article a brief survey is presented of these applications, with an identification of the operative physical properties involved in their operation. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prinz, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 261 Z9 266 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 200 IS 1-3 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00335-2 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 241DP UT WOS:000082867700005 ER PT J AU Kodama, RH AF Kodama, RH TI Magnetic nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE fine particle systems; surface magnetism; spin waves; macroscopic quantum phenomena in magnetic systems; metals and alloys; ferrimagnetics; antiferromagnetics ID SURFACE SPIN DISORDER; IRON-MERCURY ALLOY; FERROMAGNETIC PARTICLES; FERRITE NANOPARTICLES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; NIFE2O4 PARTICLES; NIO NANOPARTICLES; COBALT PARTICLES; NICKEL CLUSTERS; FE AB Intrinsic properties of magnetic nanoparticles are reviewed, with special emphasis on the effects of finite size on zero-temperature spin ordering, magnetic excitations, and relaxation. Effects on zero-temperature spin ordering include moment enhancement due to band narrowing in 3d transition metal particles, surface spin disorder in ferrite particles, and multi-sublattice states in antiferromagnetic oxide particles. Magnetic excitations include discretized spin wave modes, and surface modes that have been detected by quasielastic neutron scattering. Thermally activated and quantum tunneling relaxation is discussed in the context of ideal single-domain particles, as well as particles with surface spin disorder. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kodama, RH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6342,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 77 TC 1015 Z9 1036 U1 39 U2 413 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 200 IS 1-3 BP 359 EP 372 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00347-9 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 241DP UT WOS:000082867700022 ER PT J AU McBride, WM AF McBride, WM TI Under ice: Waldo Lyon and the development of the Arctic submarine SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McBride, WM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 63 IS 4 BP 1040 EP 1041 DI 10.2307/120627 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 240HA UT WOS:000082818800079 ER PT J AU Gaber, BP Goodsell, DS AF Gaber, BP Goodsell, DS TI The art of molecular graphics - Jaggies begone! SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Gaber, BP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1093-3263 J9 J MOL GRAPH MODEL JI J. Mol. Graph. PD OCT-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 5-6 BP 335 EP 336 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 317JB UT WOS:000087221300008 ER PT J AU Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID TI Active and passive chalcogenide glass optical fibers for IR applications: a review SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Non-Oxide and New Optical Glasses CY SEP 06-10, 1998 CL SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND SP Corning SA, France, Galileo Corp USA, Hoya Co Ltd, R&D, Japan, Merck Ltd, UK, European Comm Directorate Gen XII, Sci, Res & Dev, Directorate C, Ind & Mat Technol, Brussels Belgium, USARDSG U S Army European Res Off London UK, ONREUR U S Navy European Off Naval Res, London UK, Soc Glass Technol UK, Sheffield City Council UK, Univ Shiffield UK ID S GLASS; AMPLIFIERS; SPECTROSCOPY; FABRICATION; GENERATION; EMISSION; BUNDLE AB Chalcogenide glass fibers based on sulfide, selenide, telluride and their rare earth doped compositions are being actively investigated worldwide. Great strides have been made in reducing optical losses using improved chemical purification techniques, but further improvements are needed in both purification and fiberization technology to attain the theoretical optical losses. Despite these problems, current single mode and multimode chalcogenide glass fibers are enabling numerous applications. Some of these applications include laser power delivery, chemical sensing, imaging, scanning near field microscopy/spectroscopy, fiber IR sources/lasers, amplifiers and optical switches. The authors assert that the research and development of chalcogenide glasses will grow in the foreseeable future, especially with respect to improvements in the optical quality of the fibers and the performance of the fibers in existing and future applications. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sanghera, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sanghera@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 63 TC 239 Z9 251 U1 7 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD OCT PY 1999 VL 256 BP 6 EP 16 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00484-6 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 249LP UT WOS:000083334800004 ER PT J AU Sanghera, JS Scotto, C Bayya, S Aggarwal, ID AF Sanghera, JS Scotto, C Bayya, S Aggarwal, ID TI Catalyzed gelation of amorphous sulphides SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Non-Oxide and New Optical Glasses CY SEP 06-10, 1998 CL SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND SP Corning SA, France, Galileo Corp USA, Hoya Co Ltd, R&D, Japan, Merck Ltd, UK, European Comm Directorate Gen XII, Sci, Res & Dev, Directorate C, Ind & Mat Technol, Brussels Belgium, USARDSG U S Army European Res Off London UK, ONREUR U S Navy European Off Naval Res, London UK, Soc Glass Technol UK, Sheffield City Council UK, Univ Shiffield UK ID GLASSES AB Amorphous GeS2 and Er3+:GeS2 gels have been fabricated. The Er3+ doped GeS2 gelation rate is quicker and goes more to completion than the corresponding GeS2 gel. This difference is attributed to the role of Er3+ as a Lewis acid which speeds up the thiolysis rate and, in analogy to silica gels, this rate leads to a gel with a particulate (10 nm) structure compared with a polymeric structure for the undoped GeS2 gel. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sanghera, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sanghera@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD OCT PY 1999 VL 256 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00519-0 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 249LP UT WOS:000083334800007 ER PT J AU Cole, B Shaw, LB Pureza, PC Mossadegh, R Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Cole, B Shaw, LB Pureza, PC Mossadegh, R Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID TI Rare-earth doped selenide glasses and fibers for active applications in the near and mid-IR SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Non-Oxide and New Optical Glasses CY SEP 06-10, 1998 CL SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND SP Corning SA, France, Galileo Corp USA, Hoya Co Ltd, R&D, Japan, Merck Ltd, UK, European Comm Directorate Gen XII, Sci, Res & Dev, Directorate C, Ind & Mat Technol, Brussels Belgium, USARDSG U S Army European Res Off London UK, ONREUR U S Navy European Off Naval Res, London UK, Soc Glass Technol UK, Sheffield City Council UK, Univ Shiffield UK ID OPTICAL-FIBER; MU-M; 1.3-MU-M; AMPLIFIERS; SPECTROSCOPY; FABRICATION; EMISSION; DY3+ AB Glasses based on the composition Ge16.5As18.5Ga0.5Se64.5 doped with Pr3+ and Dy3+ were investigated for active applications in the near and mid-IR. Pr3+ has been investigated and mid-IR emission in the 3-5 mu m region has been observed. Dynamic distillation and sublimation were performed on Se and As respectively to reduce the oxide and hydrogen related impurities in the glass. These techniques resulted in the elimination of oxide impurities and resulted in about a 10-fold reduction in hydrogen related impurities compared to the as-received chemicals. Spectroscopy performed on Dy3+ resulted in a measured quantum efficiency for the (F11/2/H9/2)-F-6-H-6 level of 94% with a branching ratio of 90% for the 1.3 mu m transition and a calculated emission cross section (sigma(e)) for this transition of 2.7 x 10(-20) cm(2). Core only glass doped with 400 ppm Dy3+ has been fiberized. The losses were 0.8 dB/m at 6 mu m and 1.5 dB/m at 2.5 mu m as measured by a cutback technique. Single mode Dy3+ doped fiber has been drawn via double crucible techniques. The fiber had a 4 mu m core with a 110 mu m clad and had a core loss of 3 dB/m measured at 1.55 mu m (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cole, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bcole@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD OCT PY 1999 VL 256 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00487-1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 249LP UT WOS:000083334800045 ER PT J AU Thomsen, RJ Rayl, DL AF Thomsen, RJ Rayl, DL TI Dr. Lippes and his loop - Four decades in perspective SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE intrauterine devices; intrauterine devices, copper; contraceptive devices, female; Lippes Loop AB Forty years ago Jack Lippes, M..D., hand made the first models of his "Double-S" intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). Subsequently the Lippes Loop became the standard against which other IUDs came to be compared. Though millions of loops have been used, they have mostly been supplanted by copper-bearing, T-shaped devices. Due to the implant nature of IUDs, on occasion a patient presents well into menopause still bearing a Lippes Loop or other early IUD. Although there is no established causal evidence linking IUDs retained after menopause and cancer or other significant problems, such retention does confuse the diagnosis of postmenopausal bleeding and makes difficult such procedures as endometrial biopsy and ultrasonic endometrial evaluation. When contraception is no longer an issue, it is prudent to remove IUDs since they may cloud future necessary evaluations. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bremerton, WA USA. RP Thomsen, RJ (reprint author), POB 3789, Silverdale, WA 98383 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA P.O. DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 44 IS 10 BP 833 EP 836 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 249KK UT WOS:000083332100001 PM 10554741 ER PT J AU Heath, T Gherman, RB AF Heath, T Gherman, RB TI Symphyseal separation, sacroiliac joint dislocation and transient lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy associated with McRoberts' maneuver - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE labor complications; pubic symphysis; sacroiliac joint; neuropathy; McRoberts' maneuver ID SHOULDER DYSTOCIA; PUBIC SYMPHYSIS AB BACKGROUND: McRoberts' maneuver is often used prophylactically with the onset of active maternal expulsive efforts or immediately before delivery of the fetus. CASE: A 31-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, at 39 + 2 weeks' gestational age, was continuously maintained in an exaggerated lithotomy position while actively pushing during the second stage of labor. Immediately following spontaneous vaginal delivery of a 3,598-g infant, the patient noted left gluteal pain and left anterior thigh dysesthesia. Orthopedic evaluation revealed a 5-cm symphyseal separation, sacroiliac joint dislocation and transient lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy. The patient underwent closed reduction of the left hemipelvis,followed by open reduction and internal fixation of the symphysis pubis two weeks later after failing conservative treatment. CONCLUSION: Although McRoberts' maneuver is generally safe, care should be exercised with use of excessive force or prolonged placement of the patient's legs in a hyperflexed position. C1 Portsmouth Naval Hosp, Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Gherman, RB (reprint author), Portsmouth Naval Hosp, Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA P.O. DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 44 IS 10 BP 902 EP 904 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 249KK UT WOS:000083332100017 PM 10554757 ER PT J AU Collins, MD AF Collins, MD TI The stabilized self-starter SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PARABOLIC EQUATION; ELASTIC MEDIA AB A stability problem is eliminated from the self-starter, which is a parabolic equation technique for generating initial conditions. The stability problem is associated with evanescent modes that correspond to nearly vertical propagation. It causes the solution to break down at certain frequencies for problems involving relatively low attenuation. The error is restricted Is relatively short ranges unless the medium is strongly range dependent near the source. The stability problem is eliminated by placing the pole of the smoothing operator in the self-starter away from the eigenvalues of the depth operator. [S0001-4966(99)02510-2]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Collins, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1724 EP 1726 DI 10.1121/1.427921 PN 1 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 244VK UT WOS:000083071300010 ER PT J AU Dacol, DK Collins, MD Lingevitch, JF AF Dacol, DK Collins, MD Lingevitch, JF TI An efficient parabolic equation solution based on the method of undetermined coefficients SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SELF-STARTER; INVERSION AB An implementation of the self-starter based on the method of undetermined coefficients is described and tested. For many problems, this parabolic equation technique for solving short range propagation problems provides an efficiency gain of an order of magnitude or more over the finite difference solution. With this forward model, it is possible to solve geoacoustic inverse problems in seconds on the current generation of desktop computers. The approach can be implemented for the inverse problem so that efficiency is essentially independent of the depth of the water column. [S0001-4966(99)02610-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dacol, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1727 EP 1731 DI 10.1121/1.427922 PN 1 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 244VK UT WOS:000083071300011 ER PT J AU Jessen, TL Greenhut, VA Lewis, D Friel, JJ AF Jessen, TL Greenhut, VA Lewis, D Friel, JJ TI Effect of microstructure on the mechanical behavior of continuous-fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GLASS; STRENGTH; CARBIDE AB The mechanical behavior of a unidirectional continuous-fiber ceramic-matrix composite (CFCMC) was correlated with matrix-rich channels in the microstructure. A large population of CFCMCs was prepared via alkoxide infiltration, which incorporated either uncoated Nicalon(TM) fibers (64 samples) or BN-coated fibers (118 samples). No structure/property correlation was observed for the uncoated composites, because of the uniformity of the microstructure, For the BN-coated composites, both the flexure strength and work of fracture (WOF) were correlated with oriented matrix-rich channels. The channels were <90 mu m wide and were distributed throughout the cross section. The BN-coated CFCMCs exhibited laminate-like behavior: the strength was statistically higher when the channels were aligned parallel with the applied load and the WOF was statistically higher when the channels were perpendicular to the load. Grouping the specimens on the basis of channel orientation, relative to applied load, reduced the variance in strength and WOF. This categorization also resulted in consistent, predictable failure behavior. This observation implies that prior CFCMC data that do not consider microstructure orientation may show wider scatter in mechanical behavior than is warranted. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ceram, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Princeton Gamma Tech, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Jessen, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 82 IS 10 BP 2753 EP 2761 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 291XB UT WOS:000085763700028 ER PT J AU Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Fatemi, M Taylor, C Eshun, E Spencer, MG AF Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Fatemi, M Taylor, C Eshun, E Spencer, MG TI Transfer of ultrathin silicon layers to polycrystalline SiC substrates for the growth of 3C-SiC epitaxial films SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THIN; DEPOSITION; CARBIDE AB A novel approach for the production of large area 3C-SiC substrates is described. Ultrathin (<20 nm) Si seed layers were transferred to high purity polycrystalline 3C-SiC substrates through a unique wafer bonding process. The ultrathin Si seed layer was subsequently carbonized and used as the nucleation layer for high temperature (>1500 degrees C) growth of epitaxial 3C-SiC. The use of more optimal growth temperatures, not limited by the melting point of Si, led to 3C-SiC films of high crystalline quality. Double-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements of the 3C-SiC(200) reflection gave peak widths of 660 arcsec. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)03-072-4. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Sch Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Hobart, KD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 146 IS 10 BP 3833 EP 3836 DI 10.1149/1.1392560 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 245UK UT WOS:000083126400050 ER PT J AU Zien, TF Wei, CY AF Zien, TF Wei, CY TI Heat transfer in the melt layer of a simple ablation model SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 11-14, 1999 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB A simple mathematical model for steady aerodynamic ablation under hypersonic conditions is presented. The model consists of three regions, namely, an air boundary layer, a melt layer, and an ablating solid, and it is applied to the case of a simple ablation near the stagnation-point of a two-dimensional, circular-nosed body in hypersonic flow. An analysis of the model problem is presented, based on the formulation of similarity solutions, Appropriate boundary conditions on title interfaces are derived and applied to couple the three regions of interest of the model. Parameters characterizing different regions are identified. Particular emphasis is placed on the melt layer and its effect as a heat shield to the solid structure. Both the numerical solutions and the analytical solutions by the Karman-Pohlhausen integral method are presented, A computational procedure is suggested for the whole coupled ablation problem, using the integral solutions, and an example of the application of the procedure is given. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. RP Zien, TF (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 BP 450 EP 459 DI 10.2514/2.6483 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 251KH UT WOS:000083444500006 ER PT J AU Borboroglu, PG Kane, CJ Ward, JF Roberts, JL Sands, JP AF Borboroglu, PG Kane, CJ Ward, JF Roberts, JL Sands, JP TI Immediate and postoperative complications of transurethral prostatectomy in the 1990s SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatectomy; prostatic hyperplasia; postoperative complications ID BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA; FINASTERIDE; MEN AB Purpose: We compare the morbidity, mortality, hospitalization and urethral catheter time of contemporary transurethral prostatectomy to historical series, and evaluate recent trends in hospitalization and urethral catheter time during the last 8 years. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review of 520 consecutive patients who underwent transurethral prostatectomy between 1991 and 1998 at a single institution for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia was performed. Inpatient and outpatient charts, clinic records, operative reports and discharge summaries were reviewed. For each patient 43 data points were collected. Telephone followup was performed when data were lacking. All retrieved data were compiled in a computer database. Perioperative and late postoperative morbidity and mortality, hospitalization and urethral catheter time were analyzed. Results: A total of 520 patients were identified with an average age of 67 years (range 44 to 89). Significant co-morbidity (2 or more co-morbid disease processes) was identified preoperatively in 30.3% of the patients. The most common indications for transurethral prostatectomy were lower urinary tract symptoms (80.9%) and urinary retention (15.2%). Average preoperative International Prostate Symptom Score was 23.8. Average weight of resected tissue was 18.8 gm. There was no perioperative patient mortality. Blood transfusion rate was 0.4%. The rate of intraoperative and immediate postoperative complications was 2.5% and 10.8%, respectively. Average hospital stay was 2.4 days, and 1.1 from 1997 through 1998. The rate of late postoperative complication was 8.5% and the average postoperative symptom score was 6.4 with an average followup of 42 months (range 6 to 84). Conclusions: Contemporary perioperative and postoperative complications of transurethral prostatectomy are significantly lower than rates in historical series. The average hospital stay and urethral catheter time have steadily decreased during the last 8 years. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Borboroglu, PG (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 10 TC 95 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 162 IS 4 BP 1307 EP 1310 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)68272-9 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 234XY UT WOS:000082510700015 PM 10492185 ER PT J AU Whitlock, RR Humphrey, GR Churchill, DB AF Whitlock, RR Humphrey, GR Churchill, DB TI Filter debris analysis by XRF using commercial equipment today SO LUBRICATION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE wear particles; wear and failure; energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF); condition monitoring; equipment monitoring; filters; engines; safety; lubricant contamination; particulates AB For wear condition monitoring, filter debris analysis (FDA) offers many advantages over the analysis of particulates suspended in oil. By applying automated X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) to the filter debris, valuable condition monitoring information can be obtained Wear sources and other particulate contaminants can be identified Measurements are objective and only modest levels of labor are required once a basic database has been set up for the machine type. A successful demonstration of the technique by Humphrey (1), using Navy turbine aircraft, will be briefly reviewed to motivate others to apply the method to other types of operational machinery. This paper will discuss how, with current XRF procedures carried out on commercially available equipment, owners and service providers can achieve remarkable improvements in condition-based wear monitoring for oil lubricated major machinery, without investing in any further instrumentation development. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tech Support Ctr, Joint Oil Anal Program, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. GasTops Ltd, Ottawa, ON K1J 9J3, Canada. RP Whitlock, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 0024-7154 J9 LUBR ENG JI Lubric. Eng. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 55 IS 10 BP 27 EP 31 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 245UT UT WOS:000083127100004 ER PT J AU Stellman, CM Ewing, KJ Bucholtz, F Aggarwal, ID AF Stellman, CM Ewing, KJ Bucholtz, F Aggarwal, ID TI Monitoring the degradation of a synthetic lubricant oil using infrared absorption, fluorescence emission and multivariate analysis: A feasibility study SO LUBRICATION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE infrared spectroscopy; fluorescence spectroscopy; fiber-optic spectroscopy; synthetic lubricants; lubricant oils; multivariate analysis; principal component analysis; degradation monitoring; condition based maintenance ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PETROLEUM; FUELS; CRUDE AB The following describes a spectroscopic approach for achieving condition-base maintenance (CBM) through the monitoring of lubricant degradation in machinery. The approach uses infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor lubricant condition as a function of changing spectral variance. The use of two different spectroscopies has been pursued because varying CBM requirements within the industrial and military communities can be mel with the complimentary advantages of each approach. Because the spectroscopic methods are inherently multivariate, the authors have also chosen to pursue a multivariate analysis of the data. The authors results show that multivariate infrared spectroscopy offers certain advantages over multivariate fluorescence spectroscopy and vice versa. It is shown that the two approaches fulfill different CBM requirements. This is an important and useful result because the CBM requirements for monitoring a given lubricant can vary greatly from one field application to the next. The authors have monitored a synthetic aircraft lubricant, Hatco Corporation (MIL-L-23699D), that is found in the rotary gearboxes of several military helicopters. The authors show that when used in conjunction with multivariate analysis techniques, such as PCA, that both infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy can provide an ideal means of monitoring the condition bf a lubricant as it degrades. The authors confirm that infrared absorption carl provide a means of monitoring the breakdown of the additive package, the decomposition of an ester functionality, and the production of a degradation breakdown product as a function of degradation time. The authors also show that fluorescence emission can provide a rapid low-cost, easy-to-implement means of monitoring the "integrated" condition of a lubricant as a function of degradation time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stellman, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lin, Zhao/C-8319-2011 OI Lin, Zhao/0000-0002-6131-9723 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 0024-7154 J9 LUBR ENG JI Lubric. Eng. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 55 IS 10 BP 42 EP 52 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 245UT UT WOS:000083127100006 ER PT J AU Anderson, JW Jones, JM Steinert, S Sanders, B Means, J McMillin, D Vu, T Tukey, R AF Anderson, JW Jones, JM Steinert, S Sanders, B Means, J McMillin, D Vu, T Tukey, R TI Correlation of CYP1A1 induction, as measured by the P450 RGS biomarker assay, with high molecular weight PAHs in mussels deployed at various sites in San Diego Bay in 1993 and 1995 SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Biennial Estuarine Research Federation International Conference CY OCT, 1997 CL PROVIDENCE, RI DE P450; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; PAHs; polychlorinated biphenyls; PCBs; reporter gene; mussels; bioaccumulation ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; CYTOCHROME-P450; SEDIMENTS; BIOASSAY; MARINE AB In 1993 collections of marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were deployed 1 m from the water surface at six sites in San Diego Bay for 88 days. A similar mussel deployment was conducted in 1995, except the animals were deployed 1 m off the bottom and only for 32 days. After recovery from the sites, tissue was extracted with dichloromethane and the solvent extracts analyzed for chemical contaminant content and the ability to produce CYP1A1 induction in a transgenic cell line (TV101L cells). The cells used in the assay (P450 RGS) are stably transfected with a plasmid containing firefly luciferase linked to human CYP1A1 promoter sequences. Induction (fold increase compared to control) was determined by luminometry 16 h after application of small volumes (2-10 mu l) of solvent extracts to cultured cells. Small mussels deployed in the Naval Station (NAV) in 1993 exhibited very high bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; 52 mu g/g) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in addition to very strong induction of CYP1A1 measured by reporter gene system (RGS) responses. Large mussels deployed at the NAV station in 1993 and intermediate-sized animals placed at three stations within the NAV station in 1995 accumulated 13-29 mu g PAH/g and exhibited relatively high RGS responses. Correlation of RGS responses for all mussel samples to the measured PAH concentrations was 0.85 (r(2)). When the concentrations of seven specific PAHs found in the samples are converted to benzo[a]pyrene equivalents, from previously derived toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for this test system, and compared to measured RGS responses, the correlations are approximately 0.9. The results of these studies indicate that the RGS biomarker can be used as a screening tool for detection of CYP1A1-inducing compounds in tissues, and an estimate of potential human health or ecological risk from ingestion of contaminated organisms. Positive RGS responses can be followed by detailed chemical analyses of PAHs and coplanar PCBs using the same extract. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Analyt Serv, Vista, CA 92083 USA. USN, Comp Sci Corp, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. JSA Environm, Long Beach, CA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Toxicol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Anderson, JW (reprint author), Columbia Analyt Serv, Vista, CA 92083 USA. EM jaanderson@kelso.casiab.com NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD OCT-DEC PY 1999 VL 48 IS 4-5 BP 389 EP 405 DI 10.1016/S0141-1136(99)00054-9 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 249PP UT WOS:000083341700009 ER PT J AU Viera, AJ AF Viera, AJ TI Breast-feeding with ectopic axillary breast tissue SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article AB Axillary breast tissue, which may be an extension of the tail of Spence, is a normal variant that has been reported in the literature relatively infrequently, although it may be present in a number of asymptomatic women. If axillary breast tissue becomes symptomatic, this usually occurs during pregnancy or immediately postpartum when a woman begins breast-feeding. Symptoms are swelling and pain due to engorgement, A literature review revealed that management is generally conservative, with cessation of breast-feeding to allow regression of the tissue, This report describes a woman who successfully pumped her axillary breasts to relieve pain and engorgement; this allowed her to continue breast feeding for several weeks. Axillary breast tissue should be monitored for pathologic change. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Viera, AJ (reprint author), USNH Guam, PSC 490 Box NCTAMS, FPO, AP 96538 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1021 EP 1022 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 241WQ UT WOS:000082907200011 PM 10918869 ER PT J AU Blum, J Wurm, G Poppe, T Kempf, S Fiethe, B Giel, M Offterdinger, P Neuhaus, D Rott, M Giovane, F Gustafson, B AF Blum, J Wurm, G Poppe, T Kempf, S Fiethe, B Giel, M Offterdinger, P Neuhaus, D Rott, M Giovane, F Gustafson, B TI The cosmic dust aggregation experiment CODAG SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE preplanetary dust aggregation; Brownian motion; stereo microscopy; light scattering; production of dust clouds; microgravity experiment ID PARTICLES AB For the simulation of the first stage of preplanetary dust aggregation, we developed the cosmic dust aggregation experiment (CODAG). With CODAG, we intend to study the aggregational behaviour of a cloud of micron-sized dust particles due to Brownian motion of the grains. For a realistic simulation of the processes in the young solar system, the dust grains have to be dispersed in a rarefied gas so that mutual collisions are ballistic. Fast sedimentation of the grains in the Earth's gravitational field leads to unrealistic collision velocities and to a rapid loss of particles to the container walls. Therefore, CODAG was designed to work in a microgravity environment. In this paper, we present an overview of the experimental design of CODAG which was recently flown in a Get Away Special container during the STS-95 mission. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Jena, Inst Astrophys, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Univ Jena Observ, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Bremen, ZARM, Bremen, Germany. DLR, Inst Space Simulat, Cologne, Germany. Tech Univ Munich, Ctr Space Technol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Blum, Jurgen/B-5590-2011; Gustafson, Bo/B-9526-2011; OI Blum, Jurgen/0000-0003-1531-737X; KEMPF, SASCHA/0000-0001-5236-3004 NR 6 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 10 IS 10 BP 836 EP 844 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/10/10/302 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 246HJ UT WOS:000083158100003 ER PT J AU Kelley, CA Pakulski, JD Sandvik, SLH Coffin, RB Downer, RC Aas, P Lyons, MM Jeffrey, WH AF Kelley, CA Pakulski, JD Sandvik, SLH Coffin, RB Downer, RC Aas, P Lyons, MM Jeffrey, WH TI Phytoplanktonic and bacterial carbon pools and productivities in the Gerlache Strait, Antarctica, during early austral spring SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARGINAL ICE-ZONE; WESTERN BRANSFIELD STRAIT; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; ORGANIC-CARBON; SURFACE WATERS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; COASTAL WATERS; CHLOROPHYLL-A; SARGASSO SEA; WEDDELL SEA AB Phytoplankton and bacterial biomass and productivities were investigated at four depths in the upper 500 m of the water column in the Gerlache Strait, Antarctica during the prebloom period of early austral spring, from October 13 to November 4, 1995. The concentrations of all carbon pools were low, with the total particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration averaging 1.9 +/- 0.9 mu M. Bacterial, protozoan, and phytoplankton carbon accounted for 21% of the total POC, indicating that detritus or unenumerated organisms comprised the bulk of the POC during this period. Larger zooplankton or protozoa, such as ciliates, may account for this difference, since microzooplankton can represent a significant fraction of the total microbial biomass. Primary and bacterial secondary production rates were also low, less than 300 and 30 ng C L-1 h(-1), respectively. However, when production was normalized to either chlorophyll or bacterial cell number, rates were similar to those recorded during the spring bloom periods. This indicates that the cells were metabolically active during the prebloom period. Chlorophyll specific primary production averaged over the upper 80 m of the water column was 1.28 +/- 0.84 mu g C mu g chl(-1) h(-1), whereas the mean bacterial specific growth rate over the same depth interval was 0.34 +/- 0.24 d(-1). The overall production rates were low only because of the low abundance of cells during the prebloom period. When the site was reoccupied the following year, all measures of biomass and productivity were higher [36], emphasizing the large interannual variability in the Gerlache Strait. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US EPA, Natl Res Council, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. RP Kelley, CA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, 101 Geol Sci Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Kelley, Cheryl/K-9392-2015 NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 38 IS 3 BP 296 EP 305 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 251DB UT WOS:000083428400011 ER PT J AU Ram-Mohan, LR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Ram-Mohan, LR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Wave function engineering of antimonide quantum-well lasers SO MICROELECTRONICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE wave function engineering; quantum-well lasers; semiconductor heterostructures; finite element method ID ENVELOPE-FUNCTION APPROXIMATION; MINORITY-CARRIER LIFETIME; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LATTICE BAND-STRUCTURE; TRANSFER-MATRIX METHOD; MID-IR LASER; CASCADE LASERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MU-M; INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS AB We present a variational approach to the calculation of band structure for semiconductor heterostructures. The time-independent action integral is minimized to derive a discretized version of the coupled Schrodinger equations within the multi-band envelope function approximation. This leads to a clear procedure for systematically improving the solutions. The numerical implementation of this method has provided the impetus towards the development of wave function engineering, which may be defined as the ability to specify the localization of carrier wave functions in quantum semiconductor nanostructures through control over the growth, geometry, and material composition. Recent developments in the design and successful implementation of type-II antimonide quantum-well lasers have been a direct consequence of the application of wave function engineering. Various aspects of the laser design for high temperature and high efficiency operation are considered, and a comparison of the theory with experimentally demonstrated devices is made. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Worcester Polytech Inst, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ram-Mohan, LR (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. RI Ram-Mohan, Ramdas/C-5167-2012 NR 98 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-2692 J9 MICROELECTR J JI Microelectron. J. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1031 EP 1042 DI 10.1016/S0026-2692(99)00057-9 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 227BN UT WOS:000082058300010 ER PT J AU Blood, CG Walker, GJ AF Blood, CG Walker, GJ TI The patient flow of marine disease and nonbattle injury conditions within a multi-echelon system of care SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OPERATIONS; CASUALTY; RATES AB Hospitalization data were extracted for Marines who incurred disease and nonbattle injuries in Vietnam from 1965 through 1969, and the inter-echelon movement of each patient who was hospitalized at an echelon II or III facility was tracked until the treatment was completed or until the patient was moved to a continental U.S. facility. The inter-echelon flow of treatment for different types of diagnosis categories was also examined. Results showed that approximately three-fourths of the patients admitted to echelon II or III facilities had no further treatment recorded at a higher echelon of care. Less than one-fifth of the patients required treatment at an echelon IV or echelon V facility. Of the major diagnostic categories, those with infective or parasitic diseases had the lowest percentage of patients treated at echelon IV or V facilities. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Blood, CG (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 164 IS 10 BP 731 EP 736 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 246GC UT WOS:000083155200014 ER PT J AU Franke, R AF Franke, R TI Three-dimensionaI covariance functions for NOGAPS data SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID RANGE FORECAST ERRORS; THIN-PLATE SPLINES; DATA ASSIMILATION; STATISTICAL STRUCTURE; SPATIAL COVARIANCE; ANALYSIS SYSTEM; RADIOSONDE DATA; INTERPOLATION; MODELS AB Height innovation data for a 2-month period from NOGAPS was analyzed to obtain height prediction and observation error covariances. Different methods of weighting the data in least squares approximations of the spatial covariance data were investigated using the second-order autoregressive (SOAR) correlation function, both with and without an additive constant (varying with pressure level). Based on the properties of the derived covariance matrices and the SOAR parameters, the SOAR without an additive constant was used for the horizontal approximations. The vertical correlations were fit using a combination of SOAR plus an additive constant and a transformation of the logP coordinate to another coordinate to achieve a best fit. The resulting three-dimensional approximation is partially separable, being the product of the horizontal covariance function (which depends on height) and the vertical correlation function. Figures demonstrating various aspects of the process and the results are given. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Franke, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, 1411 Cunningham Rd,Room 341, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 127 IS 10 BP 2293 EP 2308 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<2293:TDCFFN>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 243PT UT WOS:000083007000005 ER PT J AU Reynolds, CA Errico, RM AF Reynolds, CA Errico, RM TI Convergence of singular vectors toward Lyapunov vectors SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM; OPTIMAL PERTURBATIONS; PREDICTABILITY; CIRCULATION; IMPACT AB The rate at which the leading singular vectors converge toward a single pattern for increasing optimization times is examined within the context of a T21 L3 quasigeostrophic model. As expected, the final-time backward singular vectors converge toward the backward Lyapunov vector, while the initial-time forward singular vectors converge toward the forward Lyapunov vector. Although there is significant case-to-case variability, in general this convergence does not occur over timescales for which the tangent approximation is valid (i.e., less than 5 days). However, a significant portion of the leading Lyapunov vector is contained within the subspace spanned by an ensemble composed of the first 30 singular vectors optimized over 2 or 3 days. Also as expected, the final-time leading singular vectors become independent of metric as optimization time is increased. Given an initial perturbation that has a white spectrum with respect to the initial-time singular vectors, the percent of the final-time perturbation explained by the leading singular vector is significant and increases as optimization time increases. However, even for 10-day optimization times, the leading singular vector accounts for, on average, only 23% to 28% of the total evolved global perturbation variance depending on the metric and trajectory. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Reynolds, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 21 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 127 IS 10 BP 2309 EP 2323 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<2309:COSVTL>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 243PT UT WOS:000083007000006 ER PT J AU Kao, WY Liu, QY Ma, W Ritchie, GD Lin, J Nordholm, AF Rossi, J Barker, JL Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ AF Kao, WY Liu, QY Ma, W Ritchie, GD Lin, J Nordholm, AF Rossi, J Barker, JL Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ TI Inhibition of spontaneous GABAergic transmission by trimethylolpropane phosphate SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GABA; hippocampal neuron; inhibitory post-synaptic current; lubricant; seizure; whole-cell patch clamp ID CULTURED HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; ESTER TURBINE LUBRICANTS; POSTSYNAPTIC CURRENTS; NEUROTOXIN FORMATION; PYRAMIDAL CELLS; GABA RELEASE; RAT; RECEPTOR; BRAIN; ORGANOPHOSPHATES AB Trimethylolpropane phosphate (TMPP) is a neuroactive organophosphate generated during partial pyrolysis of a synthetic ester turbine engine lubricant, While TMPP had been shown to have little affinity for acetylcholinesterase, previous binding studies and Cl-36(-) flux measurements have implicated TMPP as an antagonist of GABA(A) receptor/Cl- channels. Using the whole-cell patch clamp method, spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) mediated by bicuculline-sensitive GABA(A) receptors were measured in neurons cultured from the rat embryonic hippocamapus for 13-21 days. Experiments were conducted in the presence of tetrodotoxin and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline to inhibit spontaneous presynaptic action potentials and glutamate transmission, respectively, thus isolating GABAergic sPSCs for study TMPP induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of sIPSC amplitude and frequency suggesting both postsynaptic and presynaptic actions. Administration of 5 mu M TMPP reversibly diminished sIPSC amplitude by 23 +/- 8% (mean SEM, n=5 cells) while markedly decreasing the mean sIPSC frequency by 40 +/- 2% (n=5). The mean time constant of sIPSC decay was reversibly decreased by 20 +/- 4% (n=3) in the presence of 20 mu M TMPP: suggesting an increase in the rate of inactivation. To directly verify the blockade of ionotropic GABA receptors by TMPP, the effects of TMPP were examined on whole-cell Cl- current responses activated by exogenous GABA. Administration of TMPP (5 mu M) depressed peak whole-cell GABA-induced currents to 73 1% (n=4) of control levels, consistent with the results on sIPSC amplitude. Our data directly demonstrate that TMPP directly inhibits GABA, receptor function, as indicated by the blockade of whole-cell GABA-mediated Cl- current and the reduction in sIPSC amplitude. Furthermore, TMPP exerts a presynaptic effect on GABAergic transmission, as evidenced by the reduction in sIPSC frequency which may be independent of a GABA(A) receptor. The molecular basis for the presynaptic action of TMPP remains to be elucidated. (C) 1999 Inter Press, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NINDS, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr Toxicol Deployment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pancrazio, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 20 IS 5 BP 843 EP 849 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 259XX UT WOS:000083920200018 PM 10591520 ER PT J AU Leonard, DW Mawn, CB Curto, F AF Leonard, DW Mawn, CB Curto, F TI Ear canal granulation in malignant external otitis SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Dept Otolaryngol, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Leonard, DW (reprint author), USN, Dept Otolaryngol, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 121 IS 4 BP 506 EP 506 DI 10.1016/S0194-5998(99)70246-9 PG 1 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 242UZ UT WOS:000082961200032 PM 10504615 ER PT J AU Akyamac, AA Freebersyser, JA Townsend, JK AF Akyamac, AA Freebersyser, JA Townsend, JK TI Efficient simulation of QoS in ATM switches using connection traffic descriptors SO PERFORMANCE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE ATM; efficient simulation; rare event; quality of service; cell loss; delay ID CALL ADMISSION CONTROL; NETWORKS AB High speed networks using asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) will be able to carry a broad range of traffic classes and will be required to provide QoS measures, such as the cell loss and cell delay probabilities, to many of these traffic classes. The design and testing of ATM networks and the algorithms that perform connection admission control is difficult due to the rare event nature associated with QoS measures, and the unwieldiness of matching statistical models of the broad range of traffic classes entering the network to the connection traffic descriptors used by the connection admission control algorithms. In this paper, as an alternative to using statistical traffic models, we describe the traffic entering the network by the connection traffic descriptors standardized by the ATM Forum and used by the connection admission control algorithms. We present a Monte Carlo simulation model for estimating the cell loss and cell delay probabilities using a multinomial formulation to remove the correlation associated with estimating bursty events. We develop importance sampling techniques to increase the efficiency of the simulation for ATM networks with heterogeneous input traffic classes, namely constant bit rate and variable bit rate traffic. For the experimental examples considered here, the improvement in simulation efficiency compared to conventional Monte Carlo simulation is inversely proportional to the probability estimate. The efficient simulation methods developed here are suitable for the design and testing of the switches and connection admission control algorithms planned for use in ATM networks. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Adv Comp & Commun, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Akyamac, AA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Adv Comp & Commun, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Box 7914, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5316 J9 PERFORM EVALUATION JI Perform. Eval. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 38 IS 2 BP 105 EP 132 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 255BP UT WOS:000083649900002 ER PT J AU Porezag, D Pederson, MR AF Porezag, D Pederson, MR TI Optimization of Gaussian basis sets for density-functional calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; INFRARED INTENSITIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; COULOMB PROBLEM; CLUSTERS; ATOMS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; GEOMETRIES; EXCHANGE AB We introduce a scheme for the optimization of Gaussian basis sets for use in density-functional calculations. It is applicable to both all-electron and pseudopotential methodologies. In contrast to earlier approaches, the number of primitive Gaussians (exponents) used to define the basis functions is not fixed but adjusted, based on a total-energy criterion. Furthermore, all basis functions share the same set of exponents. The numerical results for the scaling of the shortest-range Gaussian exponent as a function of the nuclear charge are explained by analytical derivations. We have generated all-electron basis sets for H, B through F, Al, Si, Mn, and Cu. Our results show that they efficiently and accurately reproduce structural properties and binding energies for a variety of clusters and molecules for both local and gradient-corrected density functionals. [S1050-2947(99)07110-3]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 44 TC 171 Z9 171 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 2840 EP 2847 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.2840 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 247BP UT WOS:000083201000042 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Skelton, EF Hsu, D Dinsmore, AD Yang, J Gray, HF Ratna, BR AF Qadri, SB Skelton, EF Hsu, D Dinsmore, AD Yang, J Gray, HF Ratna, BR TI Size-induced transition-temperature reduction in nanoparticles of ZnS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLITES AB X-ray-diffraction studies of nanometer-sized particles of zinc sulfide show a significant reduction in the zinc-blende-to-wurtzite phase transition temperature, as compared to the bulk value. Five nanoparticle samples were annealed in vacuum at temperatures increasing from room temperature (23 degrees C) to 500 degrees C. Post-anneal analyses revealed an increase of crystallite size, ac companied by a partial transformation from the cubic, zinc-blende structureto the hexagonal, wurtzite structure at temperatures as low as 400 degrees C.This is significantly less than accepted bulk transition temperature of 1020 degrees C. The particles also show some lattice distortion with decreasing particle size and there is a monotonic reduction in the specific volume of about 2.3% as the particle size decreases from al,out 240 to about 30 Angstrom. [S0163-1829(99)04837-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 275 Z9 283 U1 10 U2 57 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 13 BP 9191 EP 9193 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.9191 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244YW UT WOS:000083079200001 ER PT J AU Merz, M Gerhold, S Nucker, N Kuntscher, CA Burbulla, B Schweiss, P Schuppler, S Chakarian, V Freeland, J Idzerda, YU Klaser, M Muller-Vogt, G Wolf, T AF Merz, M Gerhold, S Nucker, N Kuntscher, CA Burbulla, B Schweiss, P Schuppler, S Chakarian, V Freeland, J Idzerda, YU Klaser, M Muller-Vogt, G Wolf, T TI Site-specific electronic structure of the RBa2Cu3O7-y family SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PR; Y1-XPRXBA2CU3O7; YBA2CU3O7 AB With polarization-dependent O 1s near-edge x-ray-absorption spectroscopy on detwinned RBa2Cu3O7 - y (R = Y, La, Pr, Nd) and twinned Pr1 - z Ba2 + zCU3O7 (- y) single crystals, the unoccupied electronic structure of the CuO2 planes and CuO3 chains has been investigated. The data underline the exceptional role of Pr among the rare-earth atoms, which leads to the stabilization of the Pr 4f-O 2p(pi) states, and therefore to the suppression of superconductivity. Estimates of the out-of-plane fraction for these hybrids are discussed. Moreover, upon substitution of Pr by Ba in Pr1 - zBa2 + zCu3O7 - y a shift of the Pr 4f-O 2p(pi) band to below the Fermi level is indicated, concurrent with a transfer of doped holes back to the Zhang-Rice singlets. C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, INFP, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ITP, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Merz, M (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, INFP, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 13 BP 9317 EP 9320 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.9317 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244YW UT WOS:000083079200034 ER PT J AU Pfalzer, P Urbach, JP Klemm, M Horn, S denBoer, ML Frenkel, AI Kirkland, JP AF Pfalzer, P Urbach, JP Klemm, M Horn, S denBoer, ML Frenkel, AI Kirkland, JP TI Elimination of self-absorption in fluorescence hard-x-ray absorption spectra SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SAMPLES AB Fluorescence detection is a convenient way to measure x-ray absorption spectra in situations where samples cannot be made in the required configuration. However, self-absorption effects cause considerable distortion of spectra measured in fluorescence. We describe a straightforward procedure to correct for such distortion in the hard-x-ray region using the known energy dependence of the x-ray absorption coefficients. This procedure is used to obtain the vanadium K-edge spectrum of single crystal V2O3 and we demonstrate that self-absorption is properly corrected. This facilitates the use of fluorescence detection even in the hard-x-ray region. C1 Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USN, Res Lab, Condensed Matter Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pfalzer, P (reprint author), Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany. RI Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011 OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207 NR 9 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 13 BP 9335 EP 9339 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.9335 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244YW UT WOS:000083079200038 ER PT J AU Coffey, CS Sharma, J AF Coffey, CS Sharma, J TI Plastic deformation, energy dissipation, and initiation of crystalline explosives SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZATION; IMPACT AB This is an effort to understand plastic deformation and energy dissipation in crystalline solids during shock or impact. It builds on recent atomic force microscope observations that plastic flow creates localized distortions in the lattice and molecules of at least some classes of molecular crystals. A distorted lattice potential is developed through which the dislocations responsible for plastic how move by quantum tunneling. Plastic strain and energy dissipation rates are determined and related to crystal size and damage. These account for plastic flow in crystalline solids and the initiation of chemical reactions in crystalline explosives subjected to shock or impact. The predictions are compared with experiments. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Coffey, CS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 13 BP 9365 EP 9371 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.9365 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244YW UT WOS:000083079200042 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Leon, C AF Ngai, KL Leon, C TI Relating macroscopic electrical relaxation to microscopic movements of the ions in ionically conducting materials by theory and experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NON-ARRHENIUS CONDUCTIVITY; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; NUCLEAR-SPIN RELAXATION; ALKALI OXIDE GLASSES; TIME RANDOM-WALK; AC CONDUCTIVITY; SUPERIONIC GLASSES; SCALING PROPERTIES; COUPLING MODEL; MOBILE IONS AB Whatever the preferred representation of the frequency dependence of electrical relaxation experimental data, complex conductivity sigma*(omega), complex permittivity epsilon*(omega), or complex electric modulus M*(omega), there is no escape from the fact that we are dealing with measurements which are macroscopic in nature. The question of how to relate the macroscopic measurement, which contains the high-frequency dielectric constant epsilon(infinity) , to the microscopic movement of the ions remains to be answered. Comparing the results of a stochastic transport theory and of the electric modulus formalism, we find that the electric modulus faithfully reproduces the shape of the dispersion of the microscopic ionic movement. However, the electric modulus relaxation time is different from the microscopic relaxation time by a known and calculable factor that is proportional to the product of the high-frequency dielectric constant and temperature. Consequently, the entire electric modulus relaxation time spectrum is shifted uniformly away from the microscopic ion relaxation time spectrum by the same frequency-independent factor, and these two relaxation time spectra have effectively the same dependence on temperature, isotope mass, etc. In contrast to electrical conductivity relaxation, nuclear spin relaxation is a microscopic probe of ionic movement, and from its result we can directly infer the microscopic dynamics of the ions. A combined study of ionic motion using electrical relaxation and nuclear spin relaxation in a crystalline ionic conductor by Leon et al. provides the experimental data to enable us to verify the theoretical relation between the macroscopic electric modulus spectrum and the microscopic ionic hopping relaxation spectrum. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843 NR 59 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 13 BP 9396 EP 9405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.9396 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244YW UT WOS:000083079200047 ER PT J AU Pederson, MR Khanna, SN AF Pederson, MR Khanna, SN TI Magnetic anisotropy barrier for spin tunneling in Mn12O12 molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL; QUANTUM; RELAXATION AB Electronic structure calculations on the nature of electronic states and the magnetic coupling in Mn-acetate [Mn12O12(RCOO)(16)(H2O)(4)] molecules have been been carried out within the generalized gradient approximation to the density functional formalism. Our studies on this 100-atom molecule illustrate the role of the nonmagnetic carboxyl host in stabilizing the ferrimagnetic Mn12O12 core and provide estimates of the local magnetic moment at the various sites. We provide a first density-functional-based prediction of the second-order magnetic anisotropy energy of this system. Results are in excellent agreement with experiment. To perform these calculations we introduce a simplified exact method for spin-orbit coupling and magnetic anisotropy energies in multicenter systems. This method is free of shape approximations and has other advantages as well. First, it is valid for periodic boundary conditions or finite systems and is independent of basis set choice. Second, the method does not require the calculation of electric field. Third, for applications to systems with a finite energy gap between occupied and unoccupied electronic states, a perturbative expansion allows for a simple determination of the magnetic anisotropy energy. [S0163-1829(99)04437-9]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci 6392, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci 6392, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 227 Z9 227 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 13 BP 9566 EP 9572 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.9566 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244YW UT WOS:000083079200071 ER PT J AU Ciftja, O Luban, M Auslender, M Luscombe, JH AF Ciftja, O Luban, M Auslender, M Luscombe, JH TI Equation of state and spin-correlation functions of ultrasmall classical Heisenberg magnets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We obtain analytical expressions for the total magnetic moment and the static spin-correlation functions of the classical Heisenberg model for ultrasmall systems of spins (unit vectors), that interact via isotropic, nearest-neighbor (n-n) exchange and that are subject to a uniform de magnetic field of arbitrary strength. Explicit results are presented for the dimer, equilateral triangle, square, and regular tetrahedron arrays of spins, These systems provide a useful theoretical framework for calculating the magnetic properties of several recently synthesized molecular magnets. The tetrahedron as well as the equilateral triangle systems, each considered for n-n antiferromagnetic exchange, are of particular interest since they exhibit frustrated spin ordering for sufficiently low temperatures and weak magnetic fields. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 20 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 14 BP 10122 EP 10133 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.10122 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244VE UT WOS:000083070800039 ER PT J AU Freeland, JW Bussmann, K Idzerda, YU Kao, CC AF Freeland, JW Bussmann, K Idzerda, YU Kao, CC TI Understanding correlations between chemical and magnetic interfacial roughness SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; FE/CR SUPERLATTICES; THIN-FILMS; SCATTERING; MULTILAYERS; ANISOTROPY AB By studying the variation in magnetic interfacial structure using diffuse x-ray resonant magnetic scattering, underlying connections between the chemical and magnetic interfaces are uncovered and utilized to understand how intrinsic magnetic properties influence the behavior of magnetic interface. By considering the effect of competing magnetic energies (dipolar, anisotropy, and exchange) at the rough interface, it becomes clear how magnetic forces can lead to a reduction of the magnetic interfacial disorder. [S0163-1829(99)51638-X]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Freeland, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 14 BP R9923 EP R9926 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.R9923 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244VE UT WOS:000083070800010 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Tsang, KY AF Ngai, KL Tsang, KY TI Similarity of relaxation in supercooled liquids and interacting arrays of oscillators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; DYNAMICS AB Dielectric relaxation and dynamic light scattering of small molecule glass-forming liquids invariably show that the fractional exponent beta(alpha) of the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts correlation function, exp[(-)(t/tau(alpha))(beta alpha)], used to fit the alpha-relaxation data is temperature dependent, increasing towards the value of unity as temperature is raised and the relaxation time tau decreased. Comparing different glass formers, another property is the existence of a correlation between the value of (1 - beta(alpha)) at the glass temperature, T-g, and the T-g-scaled temperature dependence of tau(alpha). We analyze a system of interacting arrays of globally coupled nonlinear oscillators. Each array has its oscillators coupled among themselves with a coupling strength K. The coupling between arrays is characterized by the interarray coupling strength K'. The decay of the phase coherence r for each array is slowed down by the interarray coupling and its time dependence is well approximated at sufficiently long times by exp[(-)(t/tau)(beta)]. For a fixed K', on increasing K the results exhibit a decrease of r and a concomitant increase of beta, similar to the properties of dielectric relaxation and dynamic light scattering of glass-forming liquids on increasing temperature. For each K' we define K-g to be the value of K at which tau is equal to an arbitrarily chosen long time. We find that beta(K-g) is correlated with the K-g-scaled K dependence of tau. The results obtained in this manner at various fixed values of K' reproduce the relaxation properties and temperature dependencies of strong, intermediate, and fragile glass-forming liquids. [S1063-651X(99)15610-1]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 178 Z9 179 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 4511 EP 4517 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.4511 PN B PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 250XE UT WOS:000083414900037 PM 11970307 ER PT J AU Hafizi, B Ganguly, AK Ting, A Moore, CI Sprangle, P AF Hafizi, B Ganguly, AK Ting, A Moore, CI Sprangle, P TI Analysis of Gaussian beam and Bessel beam driven laser accelerators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CYCLOTRON AUTORESONANCE ACCELERATION; NONDIFFRACTING BEAMS; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; VACUUM; AXICON; GENERATION; PULSES; ENERGY; PARTICLES; GRADIENT AB This paper presents a comparison of Gaussian and Bessel beam driven laser accelerators. The emphasis is on the vacuum beat wave accelerator (VBWA), employing two laser beams of differing wavelengths to impart a net acceleration to particles. Generation of Bessel beams by means of circular slits, holographic optical elements, and axicons is outlined and the image space fields are determined by making use of Huygens' principle. Bessel beams-like Gaussian beams-experience a Guoy phase shift in the vicinity of a focal region, resulting in a phase velocity that exceeds c, the speed of light in vacuo. In the VBWA, by appropriate choice of parameters, the Guoy phases of the laser beams cancel out and the beat wave phase velocity equals c. The particle energy gain and beam quality are determined by making use of an analytical model as well as simulations. The analytical model-including the vXB interaction-predicts that for equal laser powers Gaussian and Bessel beams lead to identical energy gains. However, three-dimensional, finite-emittance simulations, allowing for detuning, transverse displacements, and including all the electromagnetic field components, show that the energy gain of a Gaussian beam driven VBWA exceeds that of a Bessel beam driven VBWA by a factor of 2-3. The particle beam emerging from the interaction is azimuthally symmetric and collimated, with a relatively small angular divergence. A table summarizing the ratios of final energies, acceleration lengths, and gradients for a number of acceleration mechanisms is given. [S1063-651X(99)02510-6]. C1 Omega P Inc, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Hafizi, B (reprint author), Omega P Inc, POB 202008, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 66 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 4779 EP 4792 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.4779 PN B PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 250XE UT WOS:000083414900074 PM 11970344 ER PT J AU Hazak, G Velikovich, AL Klapisch, M Schmitt, AJ Dahlburg, JP Colombant, D Gardner, JH Phillips, L AF Hazak, G Velikovich, AL Klapisch, M Schmitt, AJ Dahlburg, JP Colombant, D Gardner, JH Phillips, L TI Study of radiative plasma structures in laser driven ablating plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; CONSISTENT ANALYTICAL MODEL; STABILITY; FRONTS AB The mechanism is analyzed that generates radiative plasma structures (RPS) [J. P. Dahlburg , J. Quant Spectros. Radiat. Transfer 54, 113 (1995)] in driven, ablating plasmas of subcritical density. A reduced set of radiation-hydrodynamics equations is derived which model the onset of RPS phenomenon. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)00710-7]. C1 Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 20145 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, LCP&FD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Hazak, G (reprint author), Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 1999 VL 6 IS 10 BP 4015 EP 4021 DI 10.1063/1.873664 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 238PY UT WOS:000082719700033 ER PT J AU Rose, DV Ottinger, PF Welch, DR Oliver, BV Olson, CL AF Rose, DV Ottinger, PF Welch, DR Oliver, BV Olson, CL TI Numerical simulations of self-pinched transport of intense ion beams in low-pressure gases SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION AB The self-pinched transport of intense ion beams in low-pressure background gases is studied using numerical simulations and theoretical analysis. The simulations are carried out in a parameter regime that is similar to proton beam experiments being fielded on the Gamble II pulsed power generator [J. D. Shipman, Jr., IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-18, 243 (1971)] at the Naval Research Laboratory. Simulation parameter variations provide information on scaling with background gas species, gas pressure, beam current, beam energy, injection angles, and boundaries. The simulation results compare well with simple analytic scaling arguments for the gas pressure at which the effective net current should peak and with estimates for the required confinement current. The analysis indicates that the self-pinched transport of intense proton beams produced on Gamble II (1.5 MeV, 100 kA, 3 cm radius) is expected to occur at gas pressures between 30 and 80 mTorr of He or between 3 and 10 mTorr of Ar. The significance of these results to ion-driven inertial confinement fusion is discussed. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)03610-1]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rose, DV (reprint author), JAYCOR, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 1999 VL 6 IS 10 BP 4094 EP 4103 DI 10.1063/1.873671 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 238PY UT WOS:000082719700040 ER PT J AU Simmons, NA Peterson, JW Hale, C AF Simmons, NA Peterson, JW Hale, C TI Surveillance of suicidal behavior in Kitsap County, Washington: A retrospective study SO PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING LA English DT Article ID DEPRESSION AB Suicide is a major source of preventable morbidity and mortality in Kitsap County, Washington State. This article describes a study of suicidal behavior to identify risk groups in order to design intervention strategies. A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the charts of individuals exhibiting suicidal behavior who had presented to the county's only civilian hospital emergency department over a 7 month period. Frequencies were calculated to identify at-risk populations and determine risk factors. One hundred forty-five charts were reviewed. Subjects were mostly female (69%), and ages ranged from 10 to 80 years with 73% between 15 and 44 years. Two-thirds of the subjects were not working. More than half had previously exhibited suicidal behavior and more than 75% had previous mental health encounter(s). Most admissions (67.6%) occurred between 4:00 p.m. and 4:00 a.m. The core public health functions of assessment, policy development, and assurance provided the framework for this community to explore the finding that suicide was a major source of preventable morbidity and mortality. Community-based intervention strategies have been developed in an effort to reach the Healthy People 2000 objective of reducing suicide deaths to no more than 10.5 per 100,000 residents. C1 Seattle Univ, Sch Nursing, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Simmons, NA (reprint author), USN, NC, 10292 Viacha Dr, San Diego, CA 92124 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0737-1209 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NURS JI Public Health Nurs. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 16 IS 5 BP 337 EP 340 DI 10.1046/j.1525-1446.1999.00337.x PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing GA 242VM UT WOS:000082962400005 PM 10528504 ER PT J AU Joly, A Browning, KA Bessemoulin, P Cammas, JP Caniaux, G Chalon, JP Clough, SA Dirks, R Emanuel, KA Eymard, L Gall, R Hewson, TD Hildebrand, PH Jorgensen, D Lalaurette, F Langland, RH Lemaitre, Y Mascart, P Moore, JA Persson, POG Roux, F Shapiro, MA Snyder, C Toth, Z Wakimoto, RM AF Joly, A Browning, KA Bessemoulin, P Cammas, JP Caniaux, G Chalon, JP Clough, SA Dirks, R Emanuel, KA Eymard, L Gall, R Hewson, TD Hildebrand, PH Jorgensen, D Lalaurette, F Langland, RH Lemaitre, Y Mascart, P Moore, JA Persson, POG Roux, F Shapiro, MA Snyder, C Toth, Z Wakimoto, RM TI Overview of the field phase of the Fronts and Atlantic Storm-Track EXperiment (FASTEX) project SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cyclogenesis; field experiment; mesoscale observations; predictability ID FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; WAVES; CYCLOGENESIS; OBJECTIVES; STABILITY; CYCLONES; SYSTEMS; CLOUDS; PLANS AB The field phase of the Fronts and Atlantic Storm-Track EXperiment (FASTEX) project took place between 5 January and 27 February 1997 with the deployment of a unique set of observing facilities across the North Atlantic. The major objective was to document the life cycle of a representative set of mid-latitude cyclones. Other objectives were to rest the practical feasibility of 'adaptive' observations with a view to improving the prediction of these same cyclones and to document the internal structure of the associated cloud systems using combined airborne Doppler radars and dropsondes. Another goal of FASTEX was to measure air-sea exchange parameters under conditions of strong winds with high seas. These objectives were successfully achieved. Intensive Observation Periods were conducted on 19 occasions. High-resolution vertical profiles through the same cyclones at three different stages of their life cycle have been obtained on more than 10 occasions. The calculation of critical areas where further observations were needed to limit the growth of forecast error, was undertaken using different techniques, and flights were planned and executed in these areas in time to achieve this. Combined dropsonde and Doppler radar observations of cloud systems are available for 10 cases. A unique air-sea turbulent exchange dataset has been obtained. C1 Meteo France, CNRM, GMME, RECYF, F-31057 Toulouse 1, France. Joint Ctr Mesoscale Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. CNRS, Lab Aerol, F-75700 Paris, France. UK Meteorol Off, Bracknell, Berks, England. Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CNRS, Ctr Etud Environm Terrestre & Planetaires, F-75700 Paris, France. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Joly, A (reprint author), Meteo France, CNRM, GMME, RECYF, 42 Av Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse 1, France. RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 NR 54 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 7LJ SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 125 IS 561 BP 3131 EP 3163 DI 10.1256/smsqj.56101 PN C PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 285LB UT WOS:000085389600002 ER PT J AU Langland, RH Gelaro, R Rohaly, GD Shapiro, MA AF Langland, RH Gelaro, R Rohaly, GD Shapiro, MA TI Targeted observations in FASTEX: Adjoint-based targeting procedures and data impact experiments in IOP17 and IOP18 SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adjoint methods; analysis error; extratropical cyclones; predictability; targeted observations ID SINGULAR VECTORS; FORECAST ERRORS; ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; INITIAL CONDITIONS; MODEL; CYCLONE AB The Fronts and Atlantic Storm-Track EXperiment (FASTEX) provided an opportunity for testing targeted-observing procedures in a real-time framework during January and February 1997. This study describes the use of singular vectors (SVs) for objective targeting during FASTEX, and the evaluation of the impact obtained from targeted dropsonde data, satellite wind data, and other observations on 1-2 day forecast skill in intensive observation periods (IOPs) 17 and 18. In IOP17, targeted dropsondes improve a 42 h forecast of L41 (Low 41; cyclones were numbered in sequence throughout FASTEX) in terms of sea-level pressure, but the forecast skill is degraded in the upper troposphere. It is suggested that the degraded forecast may be caused by an incomplete survey of the SV target area, that improved the analysis in one region, bur made the analysis less accurate in an adjacent part of the target area where no dropsonde data were provided. In a series of experiments, the best 42 h forecast of L41 is obtained by the addition of a few radiosonde profiles provided specially for FASTEX at off-times, that provide observational data in the most sensitive part of the SV target area. The analysis differences introduced by the radiosonde profiles are much smaller in magnitude than those from the dropsonde data, but have a larger forecast impact, because they occur in an area that has larger error growth rates in this forecast. In a series of experiments for IOP18, the best 24 h forecast of L44 is obtained using a combination of targeted-dropsonde data and satellite wind data. Both data types can also be used separately to improve this forecast. The assimilation of satellite wind data and ship-based soundings in areas of weak initial-condition sensitivity ('null' areas) is shown to have minimal impact on the forecast error. The target areas identified by SVs in these two IOPs occur in strongly baroclinic regions, tending to favour the right-entrance and left-exit regions of the upper-level jet, but with greatest sensitivity near 600 hPa. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Langland, RH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 28 TC 69 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 7LJ SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 125 IS 561 BP 3241 EP 3270 DI 10.1256/smsqj.56105 PN C PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 285LB UT WOS:000085389600006 ER PT J AU Gelaro, R Langland, RH Rohaly, GD Rosmond, TE AF Gelaro, R Langland, RH Rohaly, GD Rosmond, TE TI As assessment of the singular-vector approach to targeted observing using the FASTEX dataset SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE analysis assimilation; FASTEX; singular vectors; targeted observing ID SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; FORECAST ERRORS; ADJOINT; MODEL; IMPACT AB Ln this study, we investigate whether the results of assimilating special targeted observations from the Fronts and Atlantic Storm-Track EXperiment (FASTEX) in an operational forecast model support the underlying principles of the singular-vector (SV) approach to targeted observing. A simple framework is presented that allows explicit examination of the changes made to the analysis in the subspace of the leading SVs from assimilation of the observations. The impact of this component on the forecast provides a key measure of the effectiveness of SV-based targeting. Results confirm that the impact of the additional observations occurs primarily as a result of changes to the analysis in the subspace of the leading SVs. These changes account for a small fraction of the total targeting increment at initial time, but explain a large fraction of the response of the forecast at the verification time. The results also confirm that analysis errors in the middle and lower troposphere are an important source of error in forecasts of extratropical cyclones. While moist processes can play an important role in the forecast-error evolution, SVs that exclude these processes can remain an effective targeting tool. This is because the location of maximum sensitivity will not necessarily differ from that identified by the dry SVs. It is also shown that the locations of the leading (target) SVs can be computed accurately with lead times of up to 48 hours, allowing ample time for the deployment of observational resources. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gelaro, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Bldg 702, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 22 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 7LJ SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 125 IS 561 BP 3299 EP 3327 PN C PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 285LB UT WOS:000085389600008 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Leon, C AF Ngai, KL Leon, C TI Recent advances in relating macroscopic electrical relaxation data to microscopic movements of the ions in ionically conducting materials SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Solid State Protonic Conductors (SSPC-9) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL BLED, SLOVENIA SP Univ Ljubljana, Stefan Inst, Dept Phys, Minist Sci & Technol DE ionic conducting glasses, crystals and melts; conductivity relaxation spectra; electric modulus; NMR spin-lattice relaxation ID ALKALI OXIDE GLASSES; AC-CONDUCTIVITY; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SCALING PROPERTIES; NMR RELAXATION; SPECTRA; MELTS; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; MODULUS AB The question of how to relate the macroscopic conductivity relaxation measurement (epsilon*(omega), sigma*(omega) or M*(omega)) to the microscopic movement of the ions is a problem that must be resolved. Comparing with the results of a stochastic transport theory of charged carriers, we find that among the other choices the electric modulus, M*(omega), is the most appropriate representation of the macroscopic data to describe the microscopic movement of the ions. It is found that M*(omega) faithfully reproduces the shape of the dispersion of the microscopic ionic movement except that the entire electric modulus relaxation time spectrum is shifted uniformly away from the microscopic ionic hopping relaxation time spectrum by a calculable frequency-independent factor. Nuclear spin relaxation is a microscopic probe of ionic movement. A combined study of ionic motion using electrical relaxation and nuclear spin relaxation in a crystalline ionic conductor provides the means to verify the theoretical relation between the macroscopic electric modulus spectrum and the microscopic ionic hopping relaxation spectrum. Finally, we present some recent advances in our understanding of the experimental data that indicate the importance of ion-ion interactions in many ionically conducting crystals, glasses and melts. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843 NR 41 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 125 IS 1-4 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(99)00161-7 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 245RV UT WOS:000083122700011 ER PT J AU Canto, G de Coss, R Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Canto, G de Coss, R Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Electronic local density of states for the TiNi(001) surface SO SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on the Structure of Surfaces (ICSOS-6) CY JUL 26-30, 1999 CL UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA, VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Univ British Columbia HO UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA ID BRILLOUIN ZONE; SPECIAL POINTS; ALLOYS; TINI; OVERLAYERS; REACTIVITY; NITI AB We present a self-consistent tight-binding calculation of the electronic structure for the (001) surface of TiNi in the CsCl (B2) structure. The results were obtained using a three-center s-p-d orthogonal tight-binding Hamiltonian fitted to first-principles calculations, within the surface Green function matching formalism. We have analyzed the local density of states (LDOS) for cases with Ni or Ti at the surface layer. For the case where Ni is at the atomic surface layer we find that the corresponding LDOS consists predominantly of bonding states, like in the bulk but with a value at E-F reduced by 38% with respect to the bulk; for this surface a strong peak in the LDOS was found at -1.4 eV below E-F. For the case where Ti is at the atomic surface layer the corresponding LDOS consists mainly of antibonding states, but with a value at E-F higher than in the bulk by 30%. Comparatively, the case where Ni is at the surface layer presents lower values of LDOS at E-F and d holes with respect to the case where Ti is at the surface layer, and therefore more chemical activity can be expected for the Ti surface. C1 IPN, Dept Fis Aplicada, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Canto, G (reprint author), IPN, Dept Fis Aplicada, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Apartado Postal 73 Cordemex, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. RI CinvesNano-Merida, CinvesNano-Merida/C-5672-2013 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-625X J9 SURF REV LETT JI Surf. Rev. Lett. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 6 IS 5 BP 719 EP 723 DI 10.1142/S0218625X99000706 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 300LQ UT WOS:000086254800020 ER PT J AU Kuznetsov, YG Konnert, J Malkin, AJ McPherson, A AF Kuznetsov, YG Konnert, J Malkin, AJ McPherson, A TI The advancement and structure of growth steps on thaumatin crystals visualized by atomic force microscopy at molecular resolution SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; macromolecules; nucleation; proteins; single crystal surfaces ID MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALS; PROTEIN; CRYSTALLIZATION; MORPHOLOGY; SURFACE AB Using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) we have recorded the incorporation, on the nanometer scale, of molecules into growth steps of macromolecular crystals grown from solution. From these investigations we were able to deduce the fine structure of the growth step edges and the surface layer of the (101) faces of tetragonal thaumatin crystals. Although the height of the growth step corresponds to unit cells of eight molecules, step advancement occurs by ordered addition of individual protein molecules rather than molecular clusters. Advancement of growth steps in specific directions, which is anisotropic, occurs by formation of one-dimensional nuclei of varying sizes which generate subkinks on the step edges. Incorporation of molecules into kinks occurs through the same kind of nucleation process. The crystal surface as a whole is created from molecular chains parallel with the surface. Models for the packing of protein molecules comprising the surface layer, the structure of the step edges, and the structure of two-dimensional nuclei were developed which are consistent with the AFM images. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM amcphers@uci.edu NR 22 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 440 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(99)00679-2 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 243ZD UT WOS:000083026600013 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN AF Kostoff, RN TI Science and technology innovation SO TECHNOVATION LA English DT Article DE innovation; discovery; complementary literatures; disparate disciplines; cross-discipline; database tomography; computational linguistics; bibliometrics; workshops AB This paper describes two novel complementary approaches for systematically enhancing the process of innovation and discovery. One approach is workshop-based and the other approach is literature-based. Both approaches have the common feature of exploring knowledge from very disparate technical disciplines and technologies, and transferring insights and understanding from one or more disparate technical areas to another. It is highly recommended that the approaches be combined into a single process. The integrated approach has the potential to be a major breakthrough for the systematic promotion of innovation and discovery. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 9 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-4972 EI 1879-2383 J9 TECHNOVATION JI Technovation PD OCT PY 1999 VL 19 IS 10 BP 593 EP 604 DI 10.1016/S0166-4972(99)00084-X PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 234KX UT WOS:000082484800001 ER PT J AU Doyle, JD Shapiro, MA AF Doyle, JD Shapiro, MA TI Flow response to large-scale topography: the Greenland tip jet SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Rossby-100 Symposium CY JUN 08-12, 1998 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN ID PAST ISOLATED TOPOGRAPHY; MESOSCALE MOUNTAINS; AIR-FLOW; MODEL; SIMULATION; ATMOSPHERE; WAVES; RIDGE; WAKE AB Numerical model simulations of idealized and observed flows are used to investigate the dynamics of low-level jet streams that form in stratified flow downstream of the vertex of large elliptical barriers such as the southern tip of Greenland, hereafter referred to as "tip jets". The lip jet dynamics are governed by conservation of Bernouli function as parcels accelerate down the pressure gradient during orographic descent. In some circumstances, the Greenland tip jet is influenced by baroclinic effects such as differential horizontal (cross-stream) thermal advection and/or vertical shear. In contrast, in the barotropic situation upstream flow is diverted around and over the obstacle into laminar (Bernouli conservation) and turbulent (Bernouli deficit) regimes, respectively. In both situations, a downstream geostrophic balance is achieved, characterized by baroclinicity and vertical shear associated with the surface-based tip-jet front. The strength of the tip-jet is most sensitive to changes in the basic state dimensionless mountain height (Nh/U) and Rossby number, underscoring the importance of the orographic deflection of airstreams and Lagrangian accelerations on the slope. Enhanced surface-based forcing of the ocean circulation occurs in the region of the tip jet core through large air-sea energy exchange (upward surface-heal fluxes > 800 W m(-2)), and at the tip jet flank through localized surface stress forcing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Doyle, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM doyle@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 50 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 14 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 51 IS 5 BP 728 EP 748 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1996.00014.x PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 254KD UT WOS:000083609700014 ER PT J AU Lin, YS Tang, TF Ng, J Hartzman, R Hurley, CK AF Lin, YS Tang, TF Ng, J Hartzman, R Hurley, CK TI Two DR2-associated novel alleles arose from the silent mutation of codon 72: DRB1*16012, DRB5*01012 SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE class II; direct DNA sequencing; DRB1 alleles; DRB5 alleles; nucleotide substitution; human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ID HLA; DIVERSITY AB Two DRB1*02-associated alleles, DRB1*16012 and DRB5*01012, are described. Both alleles carry the same silent substitution at codon 72. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW,E404 Res Bldg, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD OCT PY 1999 VL 54 IS 4 BP 405 EP 408 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0039.1999.540411.x PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 247KH UT WOS:000083219600011 PM 10551425 ER PT J AU Hannon, TJ Pekarske, WJ Polston, GR AF Hannon, TJ Pekarske, WJ Polston, GR TI Determination of platelet yields from platelet rich plasma for five autotransfusion machines SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1999 VL 39 IS 10 SU S BP 6S EP 6S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 247EK UT WOS:000083207500029 ER PT J AU Hannon, TJ Pekarske, WJ Polston, GR AF Hannon, TJ Pekarske, WJ Polston, GR TI Wash quality of simulated wound salvaged blood with six autotransfusion machines SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1999 VL 39 IS 10 SU S BP 10S EP 10S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 247EK UT WOS:000083207500046 ER PT J AU Pivacek, LE Ragno, G Valeri, CR AF Pivacek, LE Ragno, G Valeri, CR TI Effect of leukoreduction and storage temperature on platelets frozen for as long as 3 years. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1999 VL 39 IS 10 SU S BP 16S EP 16S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 247EK UT WOS:000083207500077 ER PT J AU Valeri, CR O'Neill, EM Zalewski, WM Eaton, LJ Popovsky, MA Ragno, G AF Valeri, CR O'Neill, EM Zalewski, WM Eaton, LJ Popovsky, MA Ragno, G TI Autologous platelet rich plasma isolated using the haemonetics cell saver 5 (CS5) and MCS+. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA USA. Amer Red Cross, Dedham, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1999 VL 39 IS 10 SU S BP 22S EP 22S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 247EK UT WOS:000083207500105 ER PT J AU Polston, GR Hannon, TJ Gray, CL Amling, CL Powell, CR Kane, CJ AF Polston, GR Hannon, TJ Gray, CL Amling, CL Powell, CR Kane, CJ TI Intraoperative cell salvage in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. St Vincents Hosp, Indianapolis, IN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1999 VL 39 IS 10 SU S BP 60S EP 60S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 247EK UT WOS:000083207500288 ER PT J AU Edson, CM Purmal, A Brown, F Valeri, CR Budowsky, E Chapman, JR AF Edson, CM Purmal, A Brown, F Valeri, CR Budowsky, E Chapman, JR TI Viral inactivation in reo blood cell concentrates by INACTINE circle times: Mechanism of action and lack of effect on red cell physiology SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pentose Pharmaceut Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. USDA, Greenport, NY USA. USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1999 VL 39 IS 10 SU S BP 108S EP 108S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 247EK UT WOS:000083207500516 ER PT J AU O'Neill, EM Ragno, G Pivacek, LE Valeri, CR AF O'Neill, EM Ragno, G Pivacek, LE Valeri, CR TI In vivo survival of previously frozen apheresed red cells deglycerolized using the haemonetics 215 and stored at 4 C in AS-3 for up to 21 days SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA USA. Amer Red Cross, Dedham, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1999 VL 39 IS 10 SU S BP 110S EP 110S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 247EK UT WOS:000083207500523 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Kassira, EN Rodier, GR Myers, MC Gregory, M Ahmed, M Botros, BAM Soliman, AK Hassan, NF Arunkumar, BK Hyams, KC Calamaio, CA Kamal, K Gregory, R Cope, A AF Gray, GC Kassira, EN Rodier, GR Myers, MC Gregory, M Ahmed, M Botros, BAM Soliman, AK Hassan, NF Arunkumar, BK Hyams, KC Calamaio, CA Kamal, K Gregory, R Cope, A TI Remote village survey for agents causing hepatosplenic disease in the Republic of Yemen SO TROPICAL DOCTOR LA English DT Article ID SCHISTOSOMIASIS-MANSONI; HEPATITIS-C; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; ANTIBODY; ELISA AB The objective of this study was to epidemiologically describe potential infectious agents among rural people in the Republic of Yemen. This would aid clinicians in designing empirical therapy and public health officials in planning disease prevention. We sought to examine evidence for the geographical distribution of pathogens causing human hepatic and splenic disease among villagers and domestic animals living in three remote areas with differing altitudes. In June 1992, a cross-sectional survey was conducted at three survey sites of differing altitudes: 3080, 1440 and 250 m above sea level. Questionnaires, parasitic and serological tests were administered to 627 human volunteers. Additionally 317 domestic animals were studied. Malaria, schistosomiasis, and hepatitis B and C infections were found to be likely causes of human hepatic or splenic disease. Additionally, evidence of human and animal infections with the agents of brucellosis and Q fever was found: IgG antibodies against hepatitis E virus were discovered in two (2.0%) of the 100 volunteers. The prevalence of markers for human and animal disease was often lowest at the village of highest elevation, suggesting that increasing altitude, as a surrogate or a true independent risk factor, was protective against infection with the agents studied. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0049-4755 J9 TROP DOCT JI Trop. Dr. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 29 IS 4 BP 212 EP 219 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 247KL UT WOS:000083219900007 PM 10578634 ER PT J AU Lee, H Olafsen, LJ Menna, RJ Bewley, WW Martinelli, RU Vurgaftman, I Garbuzov, DZ Felix, CL Maiorov, M Meyer, JR Connolly, JC Sugg, AR Olsen, GH AF Lee, H Olafsen, LJ Menna, RJ Bewley, WW Martinelli, RU Vurgaftman, I Garbuzov, DZ Felix, CL Maiorov, M Meyer, JR Connolly, JC Sugg, AR Olsen, GH TI Room-temperature type-II W quantum well diode laser with broadened waveguide emitting at lambda=3.30 mu m SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A mid-IR type-II 'W' quantum well diode laser (lambda = 3.30 mu m) with a broadened waveguide operated in pulsed mode at 300K is presented. The spectral width at that temperature was 12nm, and the peak output power was 2mW/facet. The characteristic temperature T-0 for the range 100-280K was 48K. C1 Sarnoff Corp, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Senors Unlimited, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), Sarnoff Corp, CN 5300, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Olafsen, Linda/G-4996-2013 NR 10 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 1999 VL 35 IS 20 BP 1743 EP 1745 DI 10.1049/el:19991204 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 251GL UT WOS:000083436800044 ER PT J AU Chaudhuri, J Ng, MH Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL AF Chaudhuri, J Ng, MH Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL TI High resolution X-ray diffraction and X-ray topography study of GaN on sapphire SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE high resolution X-ray diffraction; X-ray topography; GaN on sapphire; metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy; dislocation density; stress in GaN films ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; GALLIUM NITRIDE; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; BUFFER LAYER; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; HETEROSTRUCTURE; DISLOCATIONS; RELAXATION; CRYSTAL AB High resolution X-ray diffraction and X-ray topography study of GaN thin films, grown on sapphire (11.0) substrate by reduced pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) under various conditions, were performed. The strained lattice parameters, stress, misorientation and dislocation density of GaN films were estimated. The experimental stress compares well with the theoretical stress obtained from the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient between the film and substrate. The dislocation density was found to be highest in the thinner GaN film. It was also higher in the film without any buffer layer. For the same carrier concentration, the mobility of one of the film was lower than the other which could be due to the presence of higher dislocation density. Slip lines associated with dislocations, stacking faults, cellular structure of dislocations and double positioning boundaries were found in the X-ray topography from the GaN films. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Wichita State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chaudhuri, J (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. RI Chaudhuri, Jharna/E-8863-2013 NR 24 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD SEP 30 PY 1999 VL 64 IS 2 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(99)00165-8 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 237GA UT WOS:000082646100005 ER PT J AU Wu, Q Grober, RD Gammon, D Katzer, DS AF Wu, Q Grober, RD Gammon, D Katzer, DS TI Imaging spectroscopy of two-dimensional excitons in a narrow GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; SOLID IMMERSION LENS; DOTS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SPECTRA; STATE; WIRE AB We report the observation of a sharp absorption line in the photoluminescence excitation spectra of individual naturally occurring quantum dots in a narrow (2.8 nm) GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum well that is remarkably constant throughout the sample. We propose that it is identified as the delocalized two-dimensional exciton. This assignment is confirmed by photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation diffusion experiments. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wu, Q (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 26 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 27 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 13 BP 2652 EP 2655 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2652 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 238HV UT WOS:000082705600044 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Santangelo, PG Ngai, KL AF Roland, CM Santangelo, PG Ngai, KL TI The application of the energy landscape model to polymers SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; LINEAR MACROMOLECULES; HEAT-CAPACITY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; INTERMOLECULAR COOPERATIVITY; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; DYNAMICS; POLYSTYRENE; NETWORKS AB The energy landscape model of the glass transition has received increasing attention, due to its potential for providing a thermodynamic interpretation of the dynamics of glass-forming liquids. Herein, the idea that the temperature-dependence of the dynamics near the glass temperature ("fragility") can be related to thermodynamic properties is tested for polymers. Previously, for several homologous series, we found deviations from a proposed correlation between fragility and the heat capacity increment at the glass temperature. A survey of 17 polymers likewise indicates no correlation between these two quantities. More recently, the landscape approach to the dynamics of glass-formers was extended to a proposal that fragility can be determined a priori from thermodynamic information. However, for the 11 polymers for which sufficient thermodynamic and relaxation data were available, we find that thermodynamic properties bear no relationship to fragility. Thus, it appears that the status of the glass transition as an important unsolved problem in condensed matter physics remains intact. [S0021-9606(99)51136-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 59 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 22 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 12 BP 5593 EP 5598 DI 10.1063/1.479861 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 234VC UT WOS:000082504200035 ER PT J AU Tasker, SA Treanor, JJ Paxton, WB Wallace, MR AF Tasker, SA Treanor, JJ Paxton, WB Wallace, MR TI Efficacy of influenza vaccination in HIV-infected persons - A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; IMMUNIZATION; INDIVIDUALS; LYMPHOCYTES; REPLICATION; VACCINES; ADULTS; LOAD; MEN AB Background: Although influenza vaccination is recommended in persons infected with HIV-1, its efficacy is unknown. Objective: To assess the immunogenicity, efficacy, and risks associated with influenza vaccination in persons infected with HIV-1. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: Outpatient military clinic. Patients: 102 patients with HIV-1 infection. Intervention: Influenza vaccine (n = 55) or saline pla cebo (n = 47). Measurements: Influenza antibody titers, CD4(+) cell counts, and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels at baseline, 1 month after immunization, and 3 months after immunization; viral cultures from persons presenting with respiratory illness; and respiratory symptom interview. Results: Twenty-three placebo recipients (49%) and 16 vaccine recipients (29%) reported respiratory symptoms (P = 0.04). Ten placebo recipients but no vaccine recipients had laboratory-confirmed symptomatic influenza (P < 0.001) (protective efficacy, 100% [95% CI, 73% to 100%]). No effect on plasma HIV-1 RNA levels or CD4+ cell counts was noted. Conclusion: Influenza vaccination is highly effective in HIV-l-infected persons and does not seem to be associated with substantial changes in viral load or CD4 cell count. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, Infect Dis Div, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Nichols Inst, Quest Diagnost, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA. RP Tasker, SA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, Infect Dis Div, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 20 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 21 PY 1999 VL 131 IS 6 BP 430 EP 433 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 237DY UT WOS:000082641100005 PM 10498559 ER PT J AU Schroeder, MJ Roland, CM Kwei, TK AF Schroeder, MJ Roland, CM Kwei, TK TI Segmental relaxation of poly(styrene-co-vinylphenol) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC SUSCEPTIBILITY MEASUREMENTS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; INTERMOLECULAR COOPERATIVITY; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); CIS-POLYISOPRENE; GLASS-TRANSITION; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; T-G; POLYMERS AB Dielectric and mechanical measurements of the alpha-relaxation are reported for polystyrenes of varying vinylphenol content. The presence of the polar moiety substantially increases both the glass transition temperature and the segmental relaxation times of the polymer. However, the shape of the relaxation function, as well as the temperature dependence of the relaxation times, is invariant to copolymer composition. This indicates that the enhanced interactions arising from polar modification of the polystyrene are short-lived on the time scale of the segmental dynamics. Although fragility was found to be independent of copolymer composition, the heat capacity change at T-g increases with increasing vinylphenol content. The absence of a correlation between these two quantities is contrary to an energy landscape interpretation of fragility. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Polytech Univ, Dept Chem Engn Chem & Mat Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 70 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 21 PY 1999 VL 32 IS 19 BP 6249 EP 6253 DI 10.1021/ma990317n PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 239JX UT WOS:000082765900033 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Andres, J Lee, RL Romero, J AF Hernandez-Andres, J Lee, RL Romero, J TI Calculating correlated color temperatures across the entire gamut of daylight and skylight chromaticities SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB Natural outdoor illumination daily undergoes large changes in its correlated color temperature (CCT), yet existing equations for calculating CCT from chromaticity coordinates span only part of this range. To improve both the gamut and accuracy of these CCT calculations, we use chromaticities calculated from our measurements of nearly 7000 daylight and skylight spectra to test an equation that accurately maps CIE 1931 chromaticities x and y into CCT. We extend the work of McCamy [Color Res. Appl. 12, 285-287 (1992)] by using a chromaticity epicenter for CCT and the inverse slope of the line that connects it to x and y. With two epicenters for different CCT ranges, our simple equation is accurate across wide chromaticity and CCT ranges (3000-10(6) K) spanned by daylight and skylight. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 010.1290, 330.1710, 330.1730. C1 Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Opt, E-18071 Granada, Spain. USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hernandez-Andres, J (reprint author), Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Opt, E-18071 Granada, Spain. RI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/B-9085-2013 OI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/0000-0002-6457-7568 NR 16 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 20 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 27 BP 5703 EP 5709 DI 10.1364/AO.38.005703 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 239PX UT WOS:000082779600003 PM 18324081 ER PT J AU Swanson, NL Billard, BD Gennaro, TL AF Swanson, NL Billard, BD Gennaro, TL TI Limits of optical transmission measurements with application to particle sizing techniques SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FORWARDSCATTERING CORRECTIONS; EXTINCTION MEASUREMENTS; AEROSOL MEDIA; SCATTERING; SIZE AB Considerable confusion exists regarding the applicability limits of the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law of optical transmission. We review the derivation of the law anti discuss its application to the optical thickness of the light-scattering medium. We demonstrate the range of applicability by presenting a method for determining particle size by measuring optical transmission at two wavelengths. OCIS codes: 120.7000, 290.5850, 290.4210, 290.4020. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Swanson, NL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM nswanso@nswc.navy.mil NR 24 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 20 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 27 BP 5887 EP 5893 DI 10.1364/AO.38.005887 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 239PX UT WOS:000082779600026 PM 18324104 ER PT J AU Colin, P Klypin, AA Kravtsov, AV Khokhlov, AM AF Colin, P Klypin, AA Kravtsov, AV Khokhlov, AM TI Evolution of bias in different cosmological models SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : halos; large-scale structure of universe; methods : n-body simulations ID COLD DARK-MATTER; N-BODY SIMULATIONS; ANGULAR-CORRELATION FUNCTION; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; REDSHIFT QSO FIELDS; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; GALAXY FORMATION; POWER SPECTRUM; MASS FLUCTUATIONS; LYMAN LIMIT AB We study the evolution of the halo-halo correlation function and small-scale (approximate to 0.2-7 h(-1) Mpc) bias in four cosmological models (Lambda CDM, OCDM, tau CDM, and SCDM) using very high resolution n-body simulations with a dynamical range of similar to 10,000-32,000 (force resolution of approximate to 2-4 h(-1) kpc and particle mass of approximate to 10(9) h(-1) M.). The high force and mass resolution allows dark matter halos to survive in the tidal fields of high-density regions and thus prevents the ambiguities related with the "overmerging problem." This allows us to estimate for the first time the evolution of the correlation function and bias at small (down to similar to 100 h(-1) kpc) scales. We find that at all epochs the two-point correlation function of galaxy-size halos xi(hh) is well approximated by a power law with slope approximate to 1.6-1.8. The difference between the shape of xi(hh) and the shape of the correlation function of matter results in the scale-dependent bias at: scales less than or similar to 7 h(-1) Mpc, which we find to be a generic prediction of the hierarchical models, independent of the epoch and of the model details. The bias evolves rapidly from a high value of similar to 2-5 at z similar to 3-7 to the antibias of b similar to 0.5-1 at small less than or similar to 5 h(-1) Mpc scales at z = 0. Another generic prediction is that the comoving amplitude of the correlation function for halos above a certain mass evolves non-monotonically: it decreases from an initially high value at z similar to 3-7, and very slowly increases at z less than or similar to 1. We find that our results agree well with existing clustering data at different redshifts, indicating the general success of the hierarchical models of structure formation in which galaxies form inside the host DM halos. Particularly, we find an excellent agreement in both slope and the amplitude between xi(hh)(z = 0) in our ACDM(60) simulation and the galaxy correlation function measured using the Automatic Plate Measuring Facility galaxy survey. At high redshifts, the observed clustering of the Lyman-break galaxies is also well reproduced by the models. We find good agreement at z greater than or similar to 2 between our results and predictions of the analytical models of bias evolution. This indicates that we have a solid understanding of the nature of the bias and of the processes that drive its evolution at these epochs. We argue, however, that at lower redshifts the evolution of the bias is driven by dynamical processes inside the nonlinear high-density regions such as galaxy clusters and groups. These processes do not depend on cosmology and tend to erase the differences in clustering properties of halos that exist between cosmological models at high z. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Colin, P (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. NR 98 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 1999 VL 523 IS 1 BP 32 EP 53 DI 10.1086/307710 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 237TZ UT WOS:000082673300004 ER PT J AU Wood, BE Karovska, M Cook, JW Howard, RA Brueckner, GE AF Wood, BE Karovska, M Cook, JW Howard, RA Brueckner, GE TI Kinematic measurements of polar jets observed by the Large-Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : activity; sun : corona ID X-RAY JETS; SOLAR ATMOSPHERE; SPICULES; TELESCOPE; EIT; ORIGIN; LASCO; SUN AB We analyze polar jets observed by the Large-Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) instrument aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. The events studied here are from 1997 March 24 and August 5. The main objective of our analysis is to determine whether the jets' motions are consistent with ballistic behavior. Although ballistic trajectories have some-success in fitting the observed kinematic motions, there is substantial evidence that gravity alone is not regulating the movement of the jets. First of all, the August 5 events appear to exhibit slight accelerations rather than decelerations above 3 R.. Second, all the events studied here have very similar velocities, suggesting that by the time the jets reach the LASCO field of view, the jets have been incorporated into the ambient solar wind. If this is the case, the jets could be very useful as tracers of the solar wind at low heights in the Sun's polar regions. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wood, BE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 1999 VL 523 IS 1 BP 444 EP 449 DI 10.1086/307721 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 237TZ UT WOS:000082673300038 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Suhre, K Krummel, P Siems, S Pan, LL Bates, TS Johnson, JE Lenschow, DH Heubert, BJ Kok, GL Schillawski, RD Prevot, ASH Businger, S AF Wang, Q Suhre, K Krummel, P Siems, S Pan, LL Bates, TS Johnson, JE Lenschow, DH Heubert, BJ Kok, GL Schillawski, RD Prevot, ASH Businger, S TI Characteristics of marine boundary layers during two Lagrangian measurement periods 1. General conditions and mean characteristics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHARACTERIZATION EXPERIMENT ACE-1; STRATOCUMULUS; AEROSOL; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; ASTEX AB Two sets of Lagrangian measurements were made during the southern Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE1) South of Tasmania, Australia, in December 1995. This paper intends to provide an overview of the general conditions encountered during the two intensive observational periods. The measurements by the NCAR C-130 provide the main data set for this study. We also use the sea surface temperature obtained from the R/V Discoverer and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses field for the large-scale divergence field. Emphases of the paper are on the atmospheric and oceanic environment and the: boundary layer mean structure during the six flights in the two Lagrangian measurement periods. The large scale features, such as variations of sea surface temperature, synoptic conditions, and large-scale velocity fields, are discussed. These large-scale environments had significant influences on boundary layer turbulence and the inversion structure. The boundary layer mean structure and its evolution along the Lagrangian trajectory are also studied using two-dimensional cross-section plots of vertical and horizontal (along the flight track) variation of potential temperature, water vapor, wind components, and ozone concentration. The most prominent feature of the boundary layer is the two-layered structure observed throughout Lagrangian B and during the last flight of Lagrangian A. The two layers have detectable differences in potential temperature, water vapor, and, to a lesser extent, ozone concentration. These differences make it necessary to study the exchange between the two layers. Low-level cloud structure and cloud microphysics are also discussed. We emphasize, though, that the results on cloud fractions should be used with caution due to the variable nature of the cloud bands observed during ACE1. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. UMR CNRS UPS 5560, Lab Aerol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. CSIRO, Div Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. Monash Univ, Dept Math, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Aviat Facil, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Siems, Steven/C-8339-2013; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; OI Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Siems, Steven/0000-0002-8478-533X; LENSCHOW, DONALD/0000-0003-4353-0098; Suhre, Karsten/0000-0001-9638-3912 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D17 BP 21751 EP 21765 DI 10.1029/1998JD100099 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 238BC UT WOS:000082690200040 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Lenschow, DH Pan, LL Schillawski, RD Kok, GL Prevot, ASH Laursen, K Russell, LM Bandy, AR Thornton, DC Suhre, K AF Wang, Q Lenschow, DH Pan, LL Schillawski, RD Kok, GL Prevot, ASH Laursen, K Russell, LM Bandy, AR Thornton, DC Suhre, K TI Characteristics of the marine boundary layers during two Lagrangian measurement periods 2. Turbulence structure SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ENTRAINMENT; MECHANISM; CLOUDS AB Characteristics of turbulence mixing in remote marine boundary layers are analyzed using aircraft measurements from six flights during the two intensive Lagrangian measurement periods of ACE1 (the southern hemisphere Aerosol Characterization Experiment). The six cases studied here represent a variety of boundary layer conditions in the region south of Tasmania, Australia. Our study indicated that (1) Lagrangian A (LA) had stronger turbulence mixing and entrainment compared to Lagrangian B (LB) due to greater shear generation of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), (2) strong mesoscale variation in boundary layer turbulence and thus turbulence mixing existed in the ACE1 region during LB due to variations in sea surface temperature (SST), (3) stable thermal stratification in the boundary layer was found during the last flight of each Lagrangian, consequently, TKE decreased rapidly with height resulting in small or near-zero entrainment rate in spite of strong shear forcing at the surface and in the boundary layer; and (4) the buffer layer, which lies above the boundary layer and below the main inversion, had weak and intermittent turbulence mostly associated with cloud bands and cumulus. Evidence of entrainment was found in the buffer layer. However, it is difficult to quantify by flux measurements due to the weak and intermittent nature of the turbulence field. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, MMM, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, RAF, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. UMR CNRS UPS 5560, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM qwang@nps.navy.mil RI Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; OI Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194; LENSCHOW, DONALD/0000-0003-4353-0098 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D17 BP 21767 EP 21784 DI 10.1029/1998JD100100 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 238BC UT WOS:000082690200041 ER PT J AU Sercel, PC Efros, AL Rosen, M AF Sercel, PC Efros, AL Rosen, M TI Intrinsic gap states in semiconductor nanocrystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; LEVEL STRUCTURE AB We demonstrate the existence of intrinsic gap states in bare and capped semiconductor nanocrystals within multiband effective mass theory. These states originate from Shockley-like surface states which, in small nanocrystals, extend over the entire crystal volume, facilitating their observation in absorption as well as in photoluminescence. The conditions under which such intrinsic states might be observed are discussed in light of the theory developed and analysis of the band parameters of direct gap semiconductors. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. USN, Nanostruct Opt Sect, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sercel, PC (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. NR 20 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 20 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 12 BP 2394 EP 2397 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2394 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 237MX UT WOS:000082661100029 ER PT J AU Cricenti, A Generosi, R Perfetti, P Margaritondo, G Almeida, J Gilligan, JM Tolk, NH Coluzza, C Spajer, M Courjon, D Aggarwal, ID AF Cricenti, A Generosi, R Perfetti, P Margaritondo, G Almeida, J Gilligan, JM Tolk, NH Coluzza, C Spajer, M Courjon, D Aggarwal, ID TI Interface applications of scanning near-field optical microscopy with a free electron laser SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Surface and Interface Optics 99 (SIO 99) CY MAY 04-09, 1999 CL ST MAXIME, FRANCE SP CNRS, French Minist Affaires Etrangeres, European Phys Soc, ISA Jobin Yvon, Omicron, SOPRA Corp ID SCHOTTKY-BARRIER HEIGHT; INTERNAL PHOTOEMISSION; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTORS; FLUCTUATIONS; METALS AB The study of semiconductor interfaces and of solid interfaces in general requires novel instrument capable to investigate the lateral fluctuations of properties on a microscopic scale. We present the first result of a major effort in that framework, whose main objective is the exploitation of the unique characteristics of free electron laser (FEL) infrared sources. The background was provided by our previous development of FEL-based techniques to measure interface barriers with high accuracy and reliability. Quite recently, we were able to implement similar investigations with high lateral resolution. The key elements were the use of a small-tip optics fiber and its coupling with a scanning module; in this way, we achieved and verified the condition of near-field microscopy including a lateral resolution much below the wavelength value. Our discussion includes a presentation of the first scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) images obtained with an FEL and data on small and microscopic-scale fluctuations of semiconductor interface barriers. The likely development of this exciting new field will also be discussed, in particular considering the new proposals for powerful FELs in the low-wavelength spectral range. C1 CNR, Ist Stuttura Mat, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Appl, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Franche Comte, Lab Opt, F-25030 Besancon, France. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cricenti, A (reprint author), CNR, Ist Stuttura Mat, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008; Gilligan, Jonathan/I-8938-2014 OI Gilligan, Jonathan/0000-0003-1375-6686 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD SEP 16 PY 1999 VL 175 IS 1 BP 317 EP 329 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-396X(199909)175:1<317::AID-PSSA317>3.0.CO;2-M PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 244NZ UT WOS:000083058800042 ER PT J AU Olumee, Z Callahan, JH Vertes, A AF Olumee, Z Callahan, JH Vertes, A TI Velocity compression in cylindrical capacitor electrospray of methanol-water mixtures SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Phase Doppler anemometry was utilized to measure the >0.5-mu m portion of the size distributions and the corresponding velocity distributions of methanol-water droplets generated by a miniature cylindrical capacitor electrospray (CCES) source. Droplets exceeding 1 mu m in diameter were observed with the tail of the size distributions extending up to 5 mu m, Droplets produced by this source displayed significantly narrower velocity distributions and smaller mean axial velocities relative to those generated by forced flow electrospray, In terms of now rate, spraying voltage, droplet size, and axial velocity distributions, the CCES source represents a transition between conventional electrospray and nanospray sources. The CCES is quasi-monodisperse, and the droplets have close to uniform velocities. There is a significant effect of the spraying voltage on the width and mean values of the droplet size and velocity distributions for methanol solutions. Both mean diameters and average axial velocities are shifted toward larger values as the applied voltage is increased. The emission diameter predicted by Wilm and Mann provided a good lower estimate for the measured droplet diameters. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Analyt Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vertes, A (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RI Vertes, Akos/B-7159-2008 OI Vertes, Akos/0000-0001-5186-5352 NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 18 BP 4111 EP 4113 DI 10.1021/ac990283h PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 235ZD UT WOS:000082573000030 ER PT J AU Yen, J Bui, TX AF Yen, J Bui, TX TI The negotiable alternatives identifier for group negotiation support SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE social choices; group decision making; negotiation; conflict resolution; decision support systems ID GROUP DECISION; SOCIAL CHOICE; DESIGN AB It has been observed that in single voting unanimity can rarely be reached. In many situations, however, members may not be aware that their preferences as expressed by their votes may contain room for compromise. This paper proposes a consensus-seeking methodology - the Negotiable Alternatives Identifier (NAI)- that searches for such a compromise. Starting with individual cardinal preferences on alternatives, NAI classifies alternatives into three classes of preferences: the most preferred, the less preferred and the least preferred. Within each class, relatively small differences in preferences among alternatives may make it reasonable for a decision maker to consider them interchangeable. As a result of this flexibility, a collective solution acceptable to all decision makers can be generated. In this paper we provide some theorems and their proofs to address the extreme conditions of the proposed heuristic. Also we provide an example to illustrate how to use the proposed heuristic to solve a real-world problem. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hong Kong, Sch Engn, Dept Informat Syst & Comp Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Management, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yen, J (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Sch Engn, Dept Informat Syst & Comp Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 104 IS 2-3 BP 259 EP 276 DI 10.1016/S0096-3003(98)10069-3 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 224KY UT WOS:000081899300009 ER PT J AU Buckley, G Broutman, D Rottman, JW Eckermann, S AF Buckley, G Broutman, D Rottman, JW Eckermann, S TI On the importance of weak steady shear in the refraction of short internal waves SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Ray theory is used to study the refraction of short oceanic internal waves by a spectrum of large amplitude inertia waves superimposed on a weakly sheared steady current. The results suggest that the steady current has a significant cumulative effect on short-wave propagation over the timescale of a few inertia periods. The strength of ray convergence is also computed, as this affects short-wave amplitudes. Typically we find weak ray convergence and much slower growth toward instability with increasing vertical wavenumber than in a steady-shear critical-layer model. C1 Univ New S Wales, Dept Appl Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Appl Mech & Engn Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Buckley, G (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Dept Appl Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 18 BP 2877 EP 2880 DI 10.1029/1999GL900483 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 237WV UT WOS:000082680300025 ER PT J AU Harlan, DM Kirk, AD AF Harlan, DM Kirk, AD TI The future of organ and tissue transplantation - Can T-cell costimulatory pathway modifiers revolutionize the prevention of graft rejection? SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT-REJECTION; LONG-TERM ACCEPTANCE; ISLET ALLOGRAFTS; CD40 LIGAND; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS; ACTIVATION ANTIGEN-B7; DENDRITIC CELL; BLOCKADE; CTLA-4; EXPRESSION AB Transplantation therapies have revolutionized care for patients with endstage organ (kidney, liver, heart, lung, and pancreatic g-cell) failure, yet significant problems persist with treatments designed to prevent graft rejection. Antirejection therapies are not always effective, must be taken daily, and are both expensive and associated with well-known toxic effects; Recent advances have suggested that the immune system has more self-regulatory capability than previously appreciated. In this review, we discuss immune system function and new therapeutic agents that modify so-called costimulatory receptor signaling to support transplant function without generally suppressing the immune system. C1 NIDDK, USN, Med Res Ctr, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Organ Transplant Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Harlan, DM (reprint author), NIDDK, USN, Med Res Ctr, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 67 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 11 BP 1076 EP 1082 DI 10.1001/jama.282.11.1076 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 234YQ UT WOS:000082512300033 PM 10493208 ER PT J AU Stoyanov, AJ Howell, BF Fischer, EC Uberall, H Chouffani, K AF Stoyanov, AJ Howell, BF Fischer, EC Uberall, H Chouffani, K TI Effective-medium model dependence of the radar reflectivity of conducting particle films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; RANDOM DISTRIBUTIONS; SCATTERERS; COMPOSITE; POLYPYRROLE; PERCOLATION; METALS; AC AB We present a numerical study of the frequency dependent, complex effective permittivity epsilon for a composite material which consists of lossy graphite-type microsphere inclusions randomly imbedded in a dielectric matrix, with a view towards assessing the suitability of such a composite for its use as a radar absorbing material (RAM). This suitability is determined by the material possessing a large effective absorptivity while at the same time not giving rise to an overly large reflectivity. In this vein we here evaluate, as a function of frequency up to 20 GHz, the effective magnitudes of Re epsilon and Im epsilon for particulate composites and their dependence on the volume fraction phi of the particles, while independently varying conductivities. Our calculations are carried out using both the effective-medium theory (mixture theory, valid for small phi), and the multiple-scattering theory of Tsang and Kong valid for general phi but for small particle sizes. Multiple-scattering effects lead to increased effective absorptivities by adding scattering losses to the intrinsic losses of the media. We comment on the optimal values of the medium parameters and packing fractions for composite RAM materials. Percolation effects (transition from matrix dominance to particle dominance) are studied, both for the effective-medium theory and for the multiple-scattering theory, and compared for the two cases. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)08618-1]. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Stoyanov, AJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 6 BP 3110 EP 3119 DI 10.1063/1.371175 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 230BU UT WOS:000082232400026 ER PT J AU Wang, SP Wang, Q AF Wang, SP Wang, Q TI On condensation and evaporation in turbulence cloud parameterizations SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; MODEL; REPRESENTATION; MICROPHYSICS; RADIATION; STRATUS; CODES AB An analysis of the condensation and evaporation processes involved in the classic Sommeria-Denrdoff-Mellor turbulence cloud models is presented. A liquid water budget is derived from the diagnostic Gaussian cloud relations. It is found that the adiabatic condensation generated by turbulent eddies at the cloud base and the mean radiative cooling at the cloud top are the two major processes responsible for the condensation in the parameterizations for stratocumulus-topped boundary layers. The evaporation is directly related to the stratification of the boundary layers and the turbulence variability (variance and covariance) of the conserved thermodynamic variables. The evaporation caused by the turbulence variability plays a dominant role at the cloud top. The analysis also shows that the profile of the parameterized liquid water Aux is primarily determined by the turbulence-generated condensation and evaporation in the cloud model. This model is also compared with other prognostic cloud schemes. C1 Univ Space Res Assoc, Global Hydrol & Climate Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Univ Space Res Assoc, Global Hydrol & Climate Ctr, 977 Explorer Blvd, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. EM wangsx@vmcs.msfc.nasa.gov NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 56 IS 18 BP 3338 EP 3344 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<3338:OCAEIT>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 241YZ UT WOS:000082912600010 ER PT J AU Lee, SM Lee, YH Hwang, YG Elsner, J Porezag, D Frauenheim, T AF Lee, SM Lee, YH Hwang, YG Elsner, J Porezag, D Frauenheim, T TI Stability and electronic structure of GaN nanotubes from density-functional calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BORON-NITRIDE NANOTUBES; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CARBON NANOTUBES; GALLIUM NITRIDE; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; CATALYTIC GROWTH; FIELD-EMISSION; HIGH-PRESSURE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; ENERGETICS AB Density-functional calculations are used to predict the stability and electronic structures of GaN nanotubes. Strain energies of GaN nanotubes are comparable to those of carbon nanotubes, suggesting the possibility for the formation of GaN nanotubes. The zigzag nanotube is a semiconductor with direct band gap, whereas the armchair nanotube has an indirect band gap. The band gaps decrease with decreasing diameter, contrary to the case of carbon nanotubes. We further discuss possible ways of synthesizing GaN nanotubes in conjunction with carbon nanotubes. C1 Jeonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Semicond Sci & Technol, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. Jeonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. Jeonbuk Natl Univ, Semicond Phys Res Ctr, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. Wonkwang Univ, Dept Phys, Iksan 570749, South Korea. Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Fachbereich Phys, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, YH (reprint author), Jeonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Semicond Sci & Technol, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. RI Frauenheim, Thomas/C-5653-2015; Lee, Young Hee/A-5424-2013 OI Frauenheim, Thomas/0000-0002-3073-0616; NR 39 TC 207 Z9 208 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 11 BP 7788 EP 7791 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.7788 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244VC UT WOS:000083070600031 ER PT J AU Erland, J Kim, JC Bonadeo, NH Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS AF Erland, J Kim, JC Bonadeo, NH Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS TI Nonexponential photon echo decays from nanostructures: Strongly and weakly localized degenerate exciton states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURES; BLUE SHIFT; GAAS; RELAXATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; TIME AB In a narrow GaAs quantum well, we resolve biexponential decays of optical coherences into decay-associated spectra identifying two distinct excitonic behaviors within the same inhomogeneously broadened absorption resonance. These excitonic states with overlapping spectra show different optical nonlinearities which allow us to identify them as noninteracting strongly localized excitonic states and weakly localized strongly interacting excitonic states. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Erland, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jeo@com.dtu.dk RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 12 BP R8497 EP R8500 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.R8497 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 241EB UT WOS:000082868800021 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Widing, KG Warren, HP AF Feldman, U Widing, KG Warren, HP TI Morphology of the quiet solar upper atmosphere in the 4 x 10(4) < T-e < 1.4 x 10(6) K temperature regime SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : abundances; Sun : atmosphere; Sun : transition region ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS; TRANSITION REGION; CORONAL HOLES; RAY TELESCOPE; SUN; MODEL; SPECTROMETER; ABUNDANCES; EMISSION; NETWORK AB Studies on the morphology of the solar upper atmosphere began over three decades ago. Early models assumed that the temperature structure of the solar upper atmosphere was continuous with a thin transition region connecting the chromosphere with the corona. Over the years it became apparent that the original depiction of the solar upper atmosphere was too simplistic. In this paper we present a morphological study of the solar upper atmosphere over a wide range of temperatures (4 x 10(4) less than or equal to T-e less than or equal to 1.4 x 10(6) K) using high-resolution images (1 "-2 ") taken by TRACE, the SUMER spectrometer on SOHO, and the NRL spectroheliograph on Skylab. The images dearly show that the 4 x 10(4) less than or equal to T-e less than or equal to 1.4 x 10(6) K temperature domain of the solar upper atmosphere consists of a hierarchy of isothermal loop structures. While at the T-e < 8 x 10(5) K temperature regime the looplike structures are more abundant along the chromospheric network, at higher temperatures (T-e > 9 x 10(5) K) no association between them and the chromospheric network is apparent. The hottest (T-e approximate to 1.4 x 10(6) K), which are also the longest among the quiet-Sun loop structures, form a canopy over the lower temperature loop structures. We discuss in the paper possible relationships between the morphology of the solar upper atmosphere, its elemental abundance, and ideas regarding the origin of the slow-speed solar wind. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 44 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 1999 VL 522 IS 2 BP 1133 EP 1147 DI 10.1086/307682 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 232FL UT WOS:000082360200046 ER PT J AU Campbell, ML AF Campbell, ML TI Temperature-dependent rate constants for the reactions of gas-phase lanthanides with O-2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID EARTHS UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC STATES; OXIDE FILMS; N2O; KINETICS; COMPLEXES; ATOMS; CO2 AB The reactivity of the gas-phase lanthanide atoms Ln (Ln = La-Yb with the exception of Pm) with O-2 is reported. Lanthanide atoms were produced by the photodissociation of [Ln(TMHD)(3)] and detected by laser-induced fluorescence. For all the lanthanides studied with the exception of Yb, the reaction mechanism is bimolecular abstraction of an oxygen atom. The bimolecular rate constants (in molecule(-1) cm(3) s(-1)) are described in Arrhenius form by k[Ce((1)G(4))] = (3.0 +/- 0.4) x 10(-10) exp(-3.4 +/- 1.3 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Pr(I-4(9/2)), (3.1 +/- 0.7) x 10(-10) exp(-5.3 +/- 1.5 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Nd(I-5(4)), (3.6 +/- 0.3) x 10(-10) exp(-6.2 +/- 0.4 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Sm(F-7(0)), (2.4 +/- 0.4) x 10(-10) exp(-6.2 +/- 1.5 kJ mol(-1)/RT); EU(S-8(7/2)), (1.7 +/- 0.3) x 10(-10) exp(-9.6 +/- 0.7 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Gd(D-9(2)), (2.7 +/- 0.3) x 10(-10) exp(-5.2 +/- 0.8 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Tb(H-6(15/2)), (3.5 +/-. 0.6) x 10(-10) exp(-7.2 +/- 0.8 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Dy(I-5(8)), (2.8 +/- 0.6) x 10(-10) exp(-9.1 +/- 0.9 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Ho(I-4(15/2),), (2.4 +/- 0.4) x 10(-10) exp(-9.4 +/- 0.8 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Er(H-3(6)), (3.0 +/- 0.8) x 10(-10) exp(-10.6 +/- 1.1 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Tm(F-2(7/2)), (2.9 +/- 0.2) x 10(-10) exp(-11.1 +/- 0.4 kJ mol(-1)/RT), where the uncertainties represent +/-2 sigma. The reaction barriers are found to correlate to the energy required to promote an electron out of the 6s subshell. The reaction of Yb(S-1(0)) with O-2 reacts through a termolecular mechanism. The limiting low-pressure third-order rate constants are described in Arrhenius form by k(0)[Yb(S-1(0))] = (2.0 +/- 1.3) x 10(-28) exp(-9.5 +/- 2.8 kJ mol(-1)/RT) molecule(-2) cm(6) s(-1). C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Campbell, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 9 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 36 BP 7274 EP 7279 DI 10.1021/jp991647c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 235YG UT WOS:000082571000019 ER PT J AU Cho, SL Kim, Y DiVenere, A Wong, GK Ketterson, JB Meyer, JR AF Cho, SL Kim, Y DiVenere, A Wong, GK Ketterson, JB Meyer, JR TI Antisite defects of Bi2Te3 thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION; GROWTH; MOCVD AB We have successfully grown Bi2Te3 thin films on CdTe(111)B using molecular-beam epitaxy. Structural and transport properties have been investigated using in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction, theta-2 theta x-ray diffraction analysis, thermopower, and Hall measurements. Both the crystallinity and the transport are found to be strongly affected by nonstoichiometry. The most stoichiometric sample had a high crystallinity, high thermopower, and high electron mobility. However, Bi2Te3 films with excess Te had a reduced lattice constant, poorer crystallinity, reduced magnitude of the thermopower, and reduced mobility. All of these observations can be explained in terms of antisite defects in which excess Te occupies Bi lattice sites and behaves as a n-type dopant. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)04136-4]. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. HKUST, Dept Phys, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Cho, SL (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Ketterson, John/B-7234-2009 NR 20 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 6 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 10 BP 1401 EP 1403 DI 10.1063/1.124707 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 230BT UT WOS:000082231800020 ER PT J AU Snow, ES Campbell, PM Perkins, FK AF Snow, ES Campbell, PM Perkins, FK TI High speed patterning of a metal silicide using scanned probe lithography SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; HYDROGEN-PASSIVATED SILICON; FABRICATION; OXIDATION; DEVICES AB We describe a simple high-speed process for patterning metal silicides with an atomic force microscope (AFM). The process uses a thin AFM-generated oxide to block Pt diffusion during the formation of Pt silicide. Because the process requires only similar to 1 nm of oxide, high write speeds and fine lateral resolution are achieved. We find that by maintaining ambient moisture at the tip-sample interface we can under optimal tip conditions achieve a minimum exposure time of similar to 300 ns for a 30 nm size pixel which corresponds to a maximum write speed of similar to 10 cm/s. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)01736-2]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 6 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 10 BP 1476 EP 1478 DI 10.1063/1.124730 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 230BT UT WOS:000082231800045 ER PT J AU Kub, FJ Ancona, MG Hobart, KD AF Kub, FJ Ancona, MG Hobart, KD TI Simulation of soft recovery in Si pin rectifiers with ultra-shallow p(+) emitters SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Ultra-shallow (< 500 Angstrom) p(+)-emitters in Si pin rectifiers are shown via numerical simulation to reduce the need for lifetime killing in order to obtain soft recovery. This benefit is especially pronounced at elevated operating temperatures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kub, FJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6813, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 1999 VL 35 IS 18 BP 1591 EP 1592 DI 10.1049/el:19991087 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 240AM UT WOS:000082803500065 ER PT J AU Padden, MO AF Padden, MO TI HELLP syndrome: Recognition and perinatal management SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED LIVER-ENZYMES; LOW PLATELETS HELLP; SEVERE PREECLAMPSIA-ECLAMPSIA; SYNDROME HEMOLYSIS; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; PREVENT PREECLAMPSIA; PREGNANCY; COUNT; CORTICOSTEROIDS; DISEASE AB HELLP, a syndrome characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels and a low platelet-count, is an obstetric complication that is frequently misdiagnosed at initial presentation, Many investigators consider the syndrome to be a variant of preeclampsia, but it-may be a separate entity. The pathogenesis of HELLP syndrome remains unclear. Early diagnosis,is critical because the morbidity and mortality rates associated with the syndrome have been reported to be as high as 25 percent. Platelet count appears to be the most reliable indicator of the presence of HELLP syndrome. The D-dimer test may be a useful tool for the early identification of patients with preeclampsia who may develop severe HELLP syndrome. The mainstay of therapy is supportive management, including seizure prophylaxis and blood pressure control in patients with hypertension. Women remote from term should be considered for conservative management, whereas,those at term should be delivered. Some patients require transfusion of blood products, and most benefit from corticosteroid therapy. Rarely, patients with refractory HELLP: syndrome require plasmapheresis. C1 Naval Hosp, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. RP Padden, MO (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 3 BP 829 EP 836 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 236MV UT WOS:000082604100012 PM 10498110 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Smith, TC Knoke, JD Heller, JM AF Gray, GC Smith, TC Knoke, JD Heller, JM TI The postwar hospitalization experience of Gulf War veterans possibly exposed to chemical munitions destruction at Khamisiyah, Iraq SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 125th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 10, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc DE environmental exposure; hospitalization; military medicine; military personnel; morbidity; Persian Gulf syndrome; veterans ID DESERT-STORM; US VETERANS; ILLNESSES; SYMPTOMS AB Using Department of Defense hospital data, the authors examined the postwar hospitalization experience from March 1991 through September 1995 of US Gulf War veterans who were near Khamisiyah, Iraq, during nerve agent munition destruction in March 1991, Multiple sources of meteorologic, munition, and toxicology data were used to circumscribe geographic areas of low level, vaporized nerve agent for 4 days after the destruction. Plume estimates were overlaid on military unit positions, and exposure was estimated for the 349,291 US Army Gulf War veterans. Exposure was classified as not exposed (n = 224,804), uncertain low dose exposure (n = 75,717), and specific estimated subclinical exposure (n = 48,770) categorized into three groups for dose-response evaluation. Using Cox proportional hazard modeling, the authors compared the postwar experiences of these exposure groups for hospitalization due to any cause, for diagnoses in 15 unique categories, and for specific diagnoses an expert panel proposed as most likely to reflect latent disease from such subclinical exposure, There was little evidence that veterans possibly exposed to the nerve agent plumes experienced unusual postwar morbidity, While there were several differences in hospitalization risk, none of the models suggested a dose-response relation or neurologic sequelae, These data, having a number of limitations, do not support the hypothesis that Gulf War veterans are suffering postwar morbidity from subclinical nerve agent exposure. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Deployment Environm Surveillance Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 30 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 150 IS 5 BP 532 EP 540 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 231DL UT WOS:000082292800014 PM 10472954 ER PT J AU Pazos, GA Leonard, DW Blice, J Thompson, DH AF Pazos, GA Leonard, DW Blice, J Thompson, DH TI Blindness after bilateral neck dissection: Case report and review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ISCHEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY; HYPOTENSION; SURGERY AB The primary objective of this review of the literature is to identify the probable causes of blindness after bilateral radical neck dissections. This case report and literature review also discusses possible preventive measures that may avert this catastrophic outcome. Cases of blindness after bilateral radical neck dissection were identified by an electronic literature search, as well as cross-checking all references of the above-identified papers. Eleven previous cases of blindness after bilateral neck dissection were identified. The most common cause was posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION), which was permanent. We present the only case in the literature in which blindness occurred after radical neck dissections separated by a span of 9 years. The cause of blindness in our patient was posterior ischemic optic neuropathy Contributing factors included anemia, hypotension, and disruption of collateral venous return from the neck. C1 Naval Air Stn Cecil Field, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Leonard, DW (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0196-0709 J9 AM J OTOLARYNG JI Am. J. Otolaryngol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 20 IS 5 BP 340 EP 345 DI 10.1016/S0196-0709(99)90039-X PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 237EF UT WOS:000082641800014 PM 10512147 ER PT J AU Kaufman, KR Brodine, SK Shaffer, RA Johnson, CW Cullison, TR AF Kaufman, KR Brodine, SK Shaffer, RA Johnson, CW Cullison, TR TI The effect of foot structure and range of motion on musculoskeletal overuse injuries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STRESS-FRACTURES; ORTHOTIC DEVICE; ARCH; RUNNERS; JOINTS; ANKLE; AGE; BIOMECHANICS; PREVENTION; WOMEN AB The purpose of this prospective study was to determine whether an association exists between foot structure and the development of musculoskeletal overuse injuries. The study group was a well-defined cohort of 449 trainees at the Naval Special Warfare Training Center in Coronado, California. Before beginning training, measurements were made of ankle motion, subtalar motion, and the static (standing) and dynamic (walking) characteristics of the foot arch. The subjects were tracked prospectively for injuries throughout training. We identified risk factors that predispose people to lower extremity overuse injuries. These risk factors include dynamic pes planus, pes cavus, restricted ankle dorsiflexion, and increased hindfoot inversion, all of which are subject to intervention and possible correction. C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Biomech Lab, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Sci, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Naval Hosp, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. RP Kaufman, KR (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Biomech Lab, 128 Guggenheim,200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. OI Kaufman, Kenton/0000-0002-7311-3781 NR 56 TC 257 Z9 267 U1 12 U2 60 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 27 IS 5 BP 585 EP 593 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 236ML UT WOS:000082603300007 PM 10496574 ER PT J AU Graham, RR Juffrie, M Tan, R Hayes, CG Laksono, I Ma'roef, C Sutaryo, E Porter, KR Halstead, D AF Graham, RR Juffrie, M Tan, R Hayes, CG Laksono, I Ma'roef, C Sutaryo, E Porter, KR Halstead, D TI A prospective seroepidemiologic study on dengue in children four to nine years of age in Yogyakarta, Indonesia I. Studies in 1995-1996 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; VIRUSES; ASSAY AB A prospective study on dengue (DEN) viruses was initiated in October 1995 in Gondokusuman kecamatan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This report presents data from the first year of the study. The studied cohort included all children 4-9 years of age living in the kecamatan. Blood samples for serology were collected from 1,837 children in October 1995 and again in October 1996. Blood samples for virus isolation and serology were collected from cohort children who were seen in municipal heath clinics with febrile syndromes or admitted to hospitals with a provisional diagnosis of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue serotype antibody prevalence and 1995-1996 infection rates were calculated using a single dilution (1:60) 70% plaque reduction endpoint neutralization test. Prevalence of dengue antibody at the beginning of the study was DEN 1 = 12%, DEN 2 = 16%, DEN 3 = 2%, DEN 4 = 4%, and two or more dengue infections = 22%. Total dengue antibody prevalence increased from 38% in 4-year-old children to 69% in 9-year-old children. During the observation period, primary dengue infection rates were DEN 1 = 4.8%, DEN 2 = 7.7%, DEN 3 = 4.2%, and DEN 4 = 3.4%, while two or more dengue infections occurred in 6.7% of the study population. The secondary dengue infection rate was 19.0%. From febrile cases, all four dengue viruses were isolated with DEN 3 predominating. Seven children were hospitalized, including one fatal case with a hospital diagnosis of dengue shock syndrome. Based upon presence of antibody in the initial cohort bleeding and the serologic response both weeks and several months following illness, all had secondary dengue infections. Neutralizing antibody patterns in the initial cohort bleeding and in late convalescent serum samples permitted recognition of dengue infection sequence in five patients: DEN 2-DEN 1 (3), DEN 2-DEN 4 (1), DEN 1- DEN 3 (1), and none in the sequence DEN 1-DEN 2. In the total cohort 6.5% of the observed secondary infections were of the sequence DEN 2-DEN 1, while 4.9% were DEN 1-DEN 2, a highly pathogenic sequence in previous studies. Reduced pathogenic expression of secondary DEN 2 with enhanced pathogenic expression of secondary DEN 1 infections was an unexpected finding. Further studies will be required to understand the respective contributions to pathogenicity of antibody from initial dengue infections versus the biological attributes of the second infecting dengue viruses. C1 US Embassy, Naval Med Res Unit No 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Gadjah Mada Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Naval Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Graham, RR (reprint author), US Embassy, Naval Med Res Unit No 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. RI Porter, Kevin/A-8027-2011 NR 19 TC 109 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 61 IS 3 BP 412 EP 419 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 238EK UT WOS:000082697800014 PM 10497982 ER PT J AU Rowe, CA Tender, LM Feldstein, MJ Golden, JP Scruggs, SB MacCraith, BD Cras, JJ Ligler, FS AF Rowe, CA Tender, LM Feldstein, MJ Golden, JP Scruggs, SB MacCraith, BD Cras, JJ Ligler, FS TI Array biosensor for simultaneous identification of bacterial, viral, and protein analytes SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MULTIANALYTE; IMMUNOSENSOR; IMMUNOASSAY AB The array biosensor was fabricated to analyze multiple samples simultaneously for multiple analytes. The sensor utilized a standard sandwich immunoassay format: Antigen-specific "capture" antibodies were immobilized in a patterned array on the surface of a planar waveguide and bound analyte was subsequently detected using fluorescent tracer antibodies. This study describes the analysis of 126 blind samples for the presence of three distinct classes of analytes. To address potential complications arising from using a mixture of tracer antibodies in the multianalyte assay, three single-analyte assays were run in parallel with a multianalyte assay. Mixtures of analytes were also assayed to demonstrate the sensor's ability to detect more than a single species at a time. The array sensor was capable of detecting viral, bacterial, and protein analytes using a facile 14-min assay with sensitivity levels approaching those of standard ELISA methods. Limits of detection for Bacillus globigii, MS2 bacteriophage, and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) were 10(5) cfu/mL, 10(7) pfu/mL, and 10 ng/mL, respectively, The array biosensor also analyzed multiple samples simultaneously and detected mixtures of the different types of analytes in the multianalyte format. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Dublin City Univ, Dept Phys, Dublin 9, Ireland. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 234 Z9 248 U1 4 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 17 BP 3846 EP 3852 DI 10.1021/ac981425v PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 232NY UT WOS:000082377900051 PM 10489530 ER PT J AU Dominguez, E Garbaccio, MC AF Dominguez, E Garbaccio, MC TI Reverse arterial blood flow mediated local anesthetic central nervous system toxicity during axillary brachial plexus block SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Dominguez, E (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD SEP PY 1999 VL 91 IS 3 BP 901 EP 902 DI 10.1097/00000542-199909000-00064 PG 2 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 232KE UT WOS:000082369300059 PM 10485817 ER PT J AU Nee, SMF AF Nee, SMF TI Error analysis of null ellipsometry with depolarization SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INCOHERENT-REFLECTION MODEL; NEAR-SPECULAR SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; POLARIZATION; POLARIMETRY; SURFACE AB Null ellipsometry is analyzed for components with depolarizations for unpolarized incident light. Serious imperfections include sample depolarization D < 0.2, misalignment (delta C < 2 degrees) and off-quarter-wave retardance (delta tau < 5 degrees) of the compensator. The four-zone null positions are derived analytically to the second order of serious imperfections and are also simulated based on Mueller matrices with depolarization. Errors of all four-zone nulls increase with increasing D. Depolarizations of all components except the analyzer cause errors to the nulls. The errors associated with D always couple with the second order of delta C and delta tau and are enhanced by csc(2) 2 psi. These divergent errors limit the applicable region of null ellipsometry where the errors in psi, and Delta are within 0.1 degrees, and the simulation agrees well with the analytic solutions. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. OCIS codes: 240.0240, 120.2130, 260.5430. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Phys Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SMF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Phys Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM neesf@navair.navy.mil NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 25 BP 5388 EP 5398 DI 10.1364/AO.38.005388 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 232JQ UT WOS:000082367900017 PM 18324043 ER PT J AU Fujimura, C AF Fujimura, C TI Culture and conflict resolution. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Dept Language Studies, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fujimura, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Language Studies, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 26 IS 1 BP 144 EP 147 DI 10.1177/0095327X9902600110 PG 4 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 418ET UT WOS:000167878500009 ER PT J AU Douglass, GG Mason, BD Germain, ME Worley, CE AF Douglass, GG Mason, BD Germain, ME Worley, CE TI Speckle interferometry at the US Naval Observatory. IV. SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries, general; binaries, visual; techniques, interferometric AB The results of 1314 speckle interferometric observations of 625 binary stars, ranging in separation from 0." 2 to 5." 2 with a limiting secondary magnitude of V=11, are tabulated. These observations were obtained using the 66 cm refractor at the US Naval Observatory in Washington, DC, with an intensified CCD detector. This is the fourth in a series of papers presenting measures obtained with this equipment and covers the period 1997 January 1 through December 31. Random errors for all measures are estimated to be 18 mas in separation and 0.degrees 57/rho in position angle, where rho is the separation in arcseconds. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Douglass, GG (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1395 EP 1405 DI 10.1086/301022 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 241ZR UT WOS:000082914200025 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, CD TI Gamma-ray burst phenomenology explained through the blast wave model SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era CY NOV 03-06, 1998 CL CNR HEADQUARTERS, ROME, ITALY HO CNR HEADQUARTERS DE gamma-rays : bursts ID SPECTRAL EVOLUTION; BATSE OBSERVATIONS; FIREBALL MODEL; AFTERGLOW AB The essential physics of the blast wave model is contained in a formula recently proposed to describe the temporal evolution of the nonthermal synchrotron spectra from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). This formula accounts for many of the well-established empirical trends in GRB physics, including the basic form of the fast-rise, gentle-decay FRED-type GRB light curves, the characteristic hard-to-soft spectral evolution and intensity-hardness correlations of GRB light curves, and the recently uncovered relations between the nu F(nu) peak energies and the photon and energy fluences. On the basis of this formula, we predict the tendency for pulses to align at high energies and to lag at low energies. The overall GRB duration distribution is understood when triggering properties of GRB detectors are considered for fireballs with a range of baryon loading parameters. The existence of new classes of clean and dirty fireballs are implied. Short timescale variability of GRB light curves is attributed to density variations in the circumburster medium (CBM). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@burst.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0365-0138 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS SUP JI Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 138 IS 3 BP 519 EP 520 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 246GM UT WOS:000083156100056 ER PT J AU Bottcher, M Dermer, CD Liang, EP AF Bottcher, M Dermer, CD Liang, EP TI Time-dependent photoionization and fluorescence line emission in gamma-ray burst environments SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era CY NOV 03-06, 1998 CL CNR HEADQUARTERS, ROME, ITALY HO CNR HEADQUARTERS DE atomic processes; radiative transfer; gamma-rays : bursts; X-rays : bursts AB If gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are associated with dense star-forming regions, photoelectric absorption by the circumburster material (CBM) will occur. As the burst evolves; the surrounding material is photoionized, leading to fluorescence line emission and reduced photoelectric absorption opacity. We have numerically simulated this problem, accounting for all relevant microscopic processes. We find that if GRBs are hosted in a quasi-isotropic surrounding medium, photoionization of the CBM leads to a constant but weak level of delayed fluorescence line emission on timescales of weeks to months after the GRB. A temporally evolving Fe K edge absorption feature can serve as diagnostic tool for redshift measurements. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Space Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bottcher, M (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Space Phys & Astron, 6100 S Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0365-0138 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS SUP JI Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 138 IS 3 BP 543 EP 544 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 246GM UT WOS:000083156100067 ER PT J AU Burgasser, AJ Kirkpatrick, JD Brown, ME Reid, IN Gizis, JE Dahn, CC Monet, DG Beichman, CA Liebert, J Cutri, RM Skrutskie, MF AF Burgasser, AJ Kirkpatrick, JD Brown, ME Reid, IN Gizis, JE Dahn, CC Monet, DG Beichman, CA Liebert, J Cutri, RM Skrutskie, MF TI Discovery of four field methane (T-type) dwarfs with the Two Micron All-Sky Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (2MASSI J1047539+212423, 2MASSW J1217111-031113, 2MASSW; J1225543-273947, 2MASSW J1237392+652615, 2MASSW J1346464-003150); stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID BROWN DWARF; STAR AB We report the discovery of four field methane ("T"-type) brown dwarfs using Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) data. One additional methane dwarf, previously discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, was also identified. Near-infrared spectra clearly show the 1.6 and 2.2 pm CH, absorption bands characteristic of objects with T(eff) less than or similar to 1300 K as well as broadened H(2)O bands at 1.4 and 1.9 mu m. Comparing the spectra of these objects with that of Gl 229B, we propose that all new 2MASS T dwarfs are warmer than 950 K, in order from warmest to coolest: 2MASS J1217-03, 2MASS J1225-27, 2MASS J1047+21, and 2MASS J1237+65. Based on this preliminary sample, we find a warm T dwarf surface density of 0.0022 T dwarfs deg(-2), or similar to 90 warm T dwarfs over the whole sky detectable to J < 16. The resulting space density upper limit, 0.01 T dwarfs pc(-3), is comparable to that of the first L dwarf sample from Kirkpatrick et al. C1 CALTECH, Div Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Five Coll Radio Astron Observ, Dept Phys & Astron, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Burgasser, AJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Phys, M-S 103-33, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM diver@cco.caltech.edu OI Gizis, John/0000-0002-8916-1972 NR 33 TC 158 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 522 IS 1 BP L65 EP L68 DI 10.1086/312221 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228HL UT WOS:000082131000016 ER PT J AU Strauss, MA Fan, XH Gunn, JE Leggett, SK Geballe, TR Pier, JR Lupton, RH Knapp, GR Annis, J Brinkmann, J Crocker, JH Csabai, I Fukugita, M Golimowski, DA Harris, FH Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Kent, S Lamb, DQ Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Rechenmacher, R Schneider, DP Smith, JA Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Waddell, P York, DG AF Strauss, MA Fan, XH Gunn, JE Leggett, SK Geballe, TR Pier, JR Lupton, RH Knapp, GR Annis, J Brinkmann, J Crocker, JH Csabai, I Fukugita, M Golimowski, DA Harris, FH Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Kent, S Lamb, DQ Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Rechenmacher, R Schneider, DP Smith, JA Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Waddell, P York, DG TI The discovery of a field methane dwarf from Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; surveys ID EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; COOL BROWN DWARF; GLIESE 229B; INFRARED SPECTRUM; SEARCH; DENIS; STARS AB We report the discovery of the coolest field dwarf yet known, selected as an unresolved object with extremely red colors from commissioning imaging data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Its spectrum from 0.8 to 2.5 mu m is dominated by strong bands of H(2)O and CH(4). Its spectrum and colors over this range are very similar to those of Gl 229B, the only other known example of a methane dwarf. It is roughly 1.2 mag fainter than Gl 229B, suggesting that it lies at a distance of similar to 10 pc. Such a cool object must have a mass well below the hydrogen-burning limit of 0.08 M. and therefore is a genuine brown dwarf, with a probable mass in the range 0.015-0.06 M. for an age range of 0.3-5 Gyr. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Joint Astron Ctr, United Kingdom Infrares Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Gemini N Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tanashi, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Strauss, MA (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Smith, J. Allyn/0000-0002-6261-4601; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 43 TC 166 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 522 IS 1 BP L61 EP L64 DI 10.1086/312218 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228HL UT WOS:000082131000015 ER PT J AU Koumoto, K Seo, S Sugiyama, T Seo, WS Dressick, WJ AF Koumoto, K Seo, S Sugiyama, T Seo, WS Dressick, WJ TI Micropatterning of titanium dioxide on self-assembled monolayers using a liquid-phase deposition process SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE THIN-FILMS; ELECTROLESS NI DEPOSITION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; GEL FILMS; FABRICATION; POLYMERS; PHOTOLYSIS; MECHANISM; SURFACES; PATTERN AB The fabrication of micropatterned TiO2 films on deep UV patterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of phenylsiloxane is described. The patterned SAM was immersed in an acidic, aqueous TiF62- solution to directly deposit crystalline TiO2 (anatase) onto both hydrophobic (masked) and hydrophilic (irradiated) surface regions without the need for postdeposition heat curing. Subsequent sonication selectively removed weakly bound TiO2 present in the hydrophobic regions, resulting in a micropatterned TiO2 thin film. C1 Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Chem, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Chem, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. EM g44233a@nucc.cc.nagoya-u.ac.jp NR 61 TC 156 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 11 IS 9 BP 2305 EP + DI 10.1021/cm990223s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 238JG UT WOS:000082706700007 ER PT J AU Porter, KR Widjaja, S Lohita, HD Hadiwijaya, SH Maroef, CN Suharyono, W Tan, R AF Porter, KR Widjaja, S Lohita, HD Hadiwijaya, SH Maroef, CN Suharyono, W Tan, R TI Evaluation of a commercially available immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for diagnosing acute dengue infections SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODIES; VIRUS AB Recently, commercially available kits for the detection of anti-dengue virus (anti-DEN) immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies have been developed. These standardized assays have greatly enhanced our ability to effectively diagnose DEN infections. We conducted an evaluation of a test kit manufactured by MRL Diagnostics Inc. that is designed to detect anti-DEN IgM antibodies. Eighty paired samples from DEN-infected individuals were tested by the MRL DEN Fever Virus IgM Capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the PanBio Duo ELISA, the PanBio Rapid Immunochromatographic Test (PRIT), and the IgM-IgG antibody capture (MAC/GAC) ELISA, All infections were confirmed by either PCR-assisted detection of DEN transcripts or by DEN isolation in C6/36 cells. Seventeen paired samples from individuals with no evidence of acute DEN infection were used as negative controls. The PRIT had the best sensitivity (100%), whereas the MAC/GAC ELISA and the PanBio Due assay had the highest levels of specificity. The MRI, ELISA and the PanBio Duo assay were the top performers when taking into consideration both sensitivity and specificity. All assays were able to detect DEN-specific antibodies in samples from patients with either primary or secondary infections, regardless of the infecting DEN serotype. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Viral Dis Res Program, APO, AP 96520 USA. Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Dept Virol, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Porter, KR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Viral Dis Res Program, Box 3,Unit 8132, APO, AP 96520 USA. RI Porter, Kevin/A-8027-2011 NR 8 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 6 IS 5 BP 741 EP 744 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 235LE UT WOS:000082542500020 PM 10473528 ER PT J AU Hingst, MS Phillips, AT AF Hingst, MS Phillips, AT TI A performance analysis of Appel's algorithm for performing pairwise calculations in a many particle system SO COMPUTATIONAL OPTIMIZATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Appel's algorithm; potential functions; molecular conformation AB Appel's algorithm for efficiently performing pairwise potential energy calculations is analyzed with regard to both computing time required and error incurred. Four factors are identified which determine the practical value of Appel's method: the total number of particles in the system, the tolerance for error in the calculations, the complexity of the pairwise energy calculation, and the spacial distribution of the particles. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hingst, MS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6003 J9 COMPUT OPTIM APPL JI Comput. Optim. Appl. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 14 IS 2 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1023/A:1008799316703 PG 10 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 225UZ UT WOS:000081985300004 ER PT J AU Schwartz, IB Wood, YK Georgiou, IT AF Schwartz, IB Wood, YK Georgiou, IT TI Extreme parametric uncertainty and instant chaos in coupled structural dynamics SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Europhysics Conference on Computational Physics (CCP 98) CY SEP 02-05, 1998 CL GRANADA, SPAIN SP European Phys Soc, Computat Phys Grp, Univ Granada, Inst Carlos Theoret & Computat Phys, Int Union PUre & Appl Phys, Amer Phys Soc, EPS, E W Task Force, Consejeria Educ Ciencia, Granada Mayor Off, Spanish Minist Educ & Culture, UK Inst Phys, Apple Comp Inc ID PENDULUM; SYSTEM AB Bifurcation to high-dimensional hyperchaos is observed in a driven coupled pendulum-flexible rod system. When the rod is in resonance with the pendulum, the system changes from a low dimensional periodic attractor to a high-dimensional chaotic attractor abruptly. It is shown that high-dimensional chaotic dynamics is hysteretic, and exhibits extreme sensitivity with respect to small parameter changes. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schwartz, IB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6700-3, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 121 SI SI BP 425 EP 428 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(99)00374-4 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 263LP UT WOS:000084126400105 ER PT J AU Tyberg, CS Sankarapandian, M Bears, K Shih, P Loos, AC Dillard, D McGrath, JE Riffle, JS Sorathia, U AF Tyberg, CS Sankarapandian, M Bears, K Shih, P Loos, AC Dillard, D McGrath, JE Riffle, JS Sorathia, U TI Tough, void-free, flame retardant phenolic matrix materials SO CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE composites; flame retardant; phenolic matrix materials ID COMPOSITES; RESINS AB Polymer matrix composites may be effective alternatives to steel and concrete in many civil structures due to their anticipated superior environmental stability. However, one major obstacle limiting the use of organic materials in construction is their high combustibility. Phenolic resins are high volume materials widely utilized for many purposes, including structural adhesives, composites, coatings, etc. They are also well known to provide fire resistance in many applications. Normally, their curing process involves reagents which produce volatile by-products such as water, formaldehyde, or ammonia. This feature has severely limited processability and their utilization in void-free structural applications. This paper is focused on a catalyzed epoxy-phenolic reaction utilizing commercially available phenolic resins and liquid epoxies to promote a predominately (50-90% w/w) phenolic network which produces little or no volatiles. Both ductility and flame resistance are enhanced in compositions containing these high phenolic concentrations. The materials appear to have significant potential for adhesives and structural composites, wherein the absence of voids could permit significant new products to be prepared for infrastructure and other applications. Relationships between the chemical and network structures of these materials and their properties are described. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, NSF Sci & Technol Ctr High Performance Adhes & Co, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RI Dillard, David/C-3185-2012 OI Dillard, David/0000-0002-2903-9318 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0618 J9 CONSTR BUILD MATER JI Constr. Build. Mater. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 13 IS 6 BP 343 EP 353 DI 10.1016/S0950-0618(99)00022-7 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 245DX UT WOS:000083091900005 ER PT J AU Small, J Hallock, Z Pavey, G Scott, J AF Small, J Hallock, Z Pavey, G Scott, J TI Observations of large amplitude internal waves at the Malin Shelf edge during SESAME 1995 SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE internal waves; solitons; Malin shelf; KdV; SAR; SES; SESAME ID SPACE-SHUTTLE PHOTOGRAPHS; NORTH-WEST SHELF; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NUMERICAL-MODEL; INDIAN-OCEAN; RADAR; GENERATION; SOLITONS; TIDES; SEA AB Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images of the Malin Shelf break area on August 20th and 21st 1995 separated by 24 hours show nearly identical internal wave signatures, with small spatial displacements between the two images. The coincidence of these patterns, imaged at similar times in the tidal cycle, suggests that the waves are tidally generated. These SAR images are here related to in situ data obtained during the coincident NERC Shelf Edge Study (SES) and the SES Acoustic Measuring Experiment (SESAME). Internal waves were observed propagating either up-slope or on-shelf, with little evidence of off-shelf propagation. The waves seen over the continental slope have been tracked between, the SAR images, and towed thermistor chain records, using the assumption that the internal wave is regenerated every tidal cycle. The resulting calculations of phase speed validate this assumption, and indicate that the waves propagate towards the shelf from a distant, deep source and separate into non-linear solutions. The waves are large amplitude, causing displacements of the seasonal thermocline of up to 50 m. Detailed analysis of the thermistor chain data showed that the leading soliton is well described by first-order Korteweg de Vries theory, despite the large amplitude of the wave. Further, the soliton includes contributions from the first three vertical modes, the first mode creating large displacements at depths around 100 m, and the second and third modes significantly displacing the near-surface layers. Another SAR image on 5th September shows similar features on the Continental slope, also shown in coincident current-meter data. Predictions of soliton amplitude and phase speed from their length scales on SAR using the KdV soliton relationships are compared with the in-situ data for the two periods. The results that the phase speeds are reasonably well predicted, to within 10 cm s(-1) (10-20% of the value) while amplitudes are predicted to at least within a factor of two (when compared to the thermistor chain data). Errors and uncertainty may be incurred due to the limit of the SAR geolocation precision, the difficulty of measuring exact internal wave length scales from SAR, and the natural variability of internal wave amplitude along its wavefront, (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 DERA, Winfrith Technol Ctr, Dornet DT2 8XJ, England. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP DERA, Winfrith Technol Ctr, B21, Dornet DT2 8XJ, England. EM jsmall@dera.gov.uk NR 44 TC 31 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1389 EP 1436 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(99)00023-0 PG 48 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 221BT UT WOS:000081704800001 ER PT J AU Sageman, WS AF Sageman, WS TI Reliability and precision of a new thoracic electrical bioimpedance monitor in a lower body negative pressure model SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE thoracic electrical bioimpedance; cardiac index; stroke index; systolic time ratio; lower-body negative pressure ID SYSTOLIC-TIME INTERVALS; LEFT-VENTRICULAR FUNCTION; IMPEDANCE CARDIOGRAPHY; CARDIAC-OUTPUT; STROKE VOLUME AB Objective: To evaluate the reliability and precision of measurement in a new thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB) monitor. Design: Prospective clinical trial using healthy volunteers. Setting: Military tertiary care teaching hospital. Subjects: Seventy-five healthy adult volunteers taking no medications. Interventions: Induction of severe preload reduction using a standardized lower-body negative pressure protocol. Measurement of hemodynamic variables using a TEE monitor before, during, and immediately after application of negative pressure. Measurements and Results: Seventy-five subjects were enrolled and completed the study. Pulse, blood pressure, stroke index, cardiac index, systolic time ratios (STR), and index of contractility were obtained on all subjects undergoing monitoring with the lower body negative pressure (LBNP) device. Hemodynamic measurements were recorded at 15-sec intervals during incremental application of 0, -10, -20, -40, and -60 mm Hg pressure for 10 mins at each pressure. Maximal tolerated LBNP produced reductions in cardiac, stroke, and contractility indices of 50%, 65%, and 45%, respectively. Pulse and STRs increased 44% and 113%, respectively. The precision of measurement (mean +/- 2 SD) for TEE-derived cardiac and stroke index was 16% and 10%, respectively. Repeatability of measurement was assessed by measuring hemodynamic changes after the abrupt cessation of maximal LBNP. There were significant increases in stroke index (p < .001) and decreases in STRs (p < .001) and pulse (p < .001) 3 mins after LBNP, There was no significant difference between initial and post-LBNP cardiac index (p > .05), Regression equations were applied to scattergram plots of stroke index vs. STRs and index of contractility vs, body mass. The use of these plots allowed elimination of values that appeared to be spurious (stroke index vs. STRs) and also raised the question whether the Sramek-Bernstein equation (stroke volume = left ventricular ejection time x volume of electrically participating tissue x dZ/dt/Zo) fully explained all the factors affecting the TEE waveform. Conclusions: This new monitor appears to overcome many of the signal processing problems encountered with previous devices. The results clearly demonstrate that accurate and reliable measurement of bioimpedance waveforms is possible and suggest that the monitor is capable of generating precise hemodynamic data across a wide spectrum of hemodynamic alterations. However, the evidence also indicates that new algorithms may be needed to more fully explain the multiple factors affecting this waveform. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Sageman, WS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1986 EP 1990 DI 10.1097/00003246-199909000-00044 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 238VZ UT WOS:000082736300044 PM 10507629 ER PT J AU Zhu, XL Pacheco, ND Dick, EJ Rollwagen, FM AF Zhu, XL Pacheco, ND Dick, EJ Rollwagen, FM TI Differentially increased IL-6 mRNA expression in liver and spleen following injection of liposome-encapsulated haemoglobin SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE LEH; RT-PCR; in situ hybridization; IL-6 mRNA ID CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; HEMOGLOBIN LEH; INTERLEUKIN-6; MACROPHAGES; MECHANISM; INVOLVEMENT; SUBSTITUTE; HEMORRHAGE; RESPONSES AB Injection of the red cell substitute liposome-encapsulated haemoglobin (LEH) induces increased serum interleukin (IL)-6 in the absence of other inflammatory cytokines, In vitro studies found that IL-6 mRNA was increased in M phi and endothelial cell lines by co-culture with LEE-I. In the present study, cytokine mRNA expression in extracts of livers, spleens, lungs and kidneys after LEH injection was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, The distribution of cells expressing IL-6 mRNA in livers and spleens was visualized by in situ hydridization; extracts of kidney and lung did not show increased IL-6 mRNA and were not studied further. IL-6 mRNA accumulation in livers and spleens was increased at 4 h following LEH injection and had declined by 24 h, In the liver, cells expressing IL-6 mRNA were located in endothelia of hepatic and portal veins, and hepatic sinuses, Kupffer cells and epithelial cells of bile ducts. Endothelium of hepatic arteries did not express IL-6 mRNA, Lymphocytes, haematopoietic cells and macrophages expressed IL-6 mRNA in spleens. The data suggest that cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) might be a significant source of increased plasma IL-6 in vivo after LEH administration. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Rollwagen, FM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD SEP PY 1999 VL 11 IS 9 BP 696 EP 703 DI 10.1006/cyto.1998.0479 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 232CL UT WOS:000082348100008 PM 10479406 ER PT J AU Scherrer, SS Kelly, JR Quinn, GD Xu, K AF Scherrer, SS Kelly, JR Quinn, GD Xu, K TI Fracture toughness (K-Ic) of a dental porcelain determined by fractographic analysis SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE toughness; K-Ic; porcelain; ceramic; fractography; slow crack growth; indentation; surface crack in flexure; indentation strength; indentation fracture ID SURFACE CRACK; CERAMICS AB Objectives: Fractographic analysis of indentation cracks is performed following flexure testing as pare of the ASTM (1999) standard for fracture toughness, K-Ic, determination in advanced ceramics. This method depends on the conduciveness of the material towards fractographic interpretation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of fractography in fracture toughness methods with a feldspathic dental porcelain, in which K-Ic was measured fractographically as well as numerically using two controlled-flaw beam bending techniques. Methods: The following methods for K-Ic determination were applied to a dental porcelain containing a leucite volume fraction of 15-20%: (1) surface crack in flexure (SCF) (dependent upon fractographic analysis); and (2) indentation strength (IS) at indentation loads of 9.8 and 19.6 N (applying both standard numeric calculations and fractographic analysis). The testing environments were (1) ambient air (IS and SCF) and (2) flowing dry nitrogen (SCF). Results: No significant differences were found between numeric and fractographic K-Ic values for the IS technique at both indentation loads (9.8 and 19.6 N) in ambient air, although K-Ic values were sensitive to indentation load. Due to the presence of residual stresses, stable crack extension was observed fractographically in all IS specimens, as evidenced by differences between initial (a(initial)) and critical (a(critical)) crack dimensions. For the SCF method, there was a significant difference in toughness between specimens tested in air versus dry nitrogen, however no fractographic evidence for chemically assisted slow crack growth (SCG) was observed. Significance: The SCF method as described by the ASTM standard was applicable to the feldspathic porcelain and produced very comparable results with the numeric toughness calculations of the IS procedure. However, fractographic analysis of the surface crack was somewhat difficult for this glassy ceramic compared with polycrystalline ceramics. Knowledge about stable crack extension or slow crack growth and its fractographic appearance is essential when estimating the toughness from examination of flaw dimensions on fractured surfaces since large calculation errors may occur if these effects are not taken into account. (C) 1999 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Geneva, Sch Dent, Dept Prosthodont, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. USN, Sch Dent, Naval Dent Res Inst Detachment, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dent & Med Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scherrer, SS (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Sch Dent, Dept Prosthodont, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 23 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5 BP 342 EP 348 DI 10.1016/S0109-5641(99)00055-X PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 249JJ UT WOS:000083329600007 PM 10863431 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Pachter, R Cummings, JR AF Trohalaki, S Pachter, R Cummings, JR TI Modeling of fuel-system icing inhibitors SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID ICE NUCLEATORS; ANTIFREEZE; PEPTIDES; PLANES AB In our continuing efforts to design nontoxic and biodegradable fuel-system icing-inhibitor (FSII) compounds with improved fuel solubility and anti-icing ability, and nontoxic deicers for aircraft and runways, we describe experimental and molecular modeling efforts that allow us to predict the relative performance of FSII candidates, A small-scale, recirculating simulator containing a mixture of jet fuel, FSII, and water was employed to measure the time needed for the water to freeze and the lowest temperature to be achieved before freezing. The molecular model is based on classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a two component mixture consisting of FSII and water. We assume that anti-icing performance is proportional to the degree of hydrogen bonding between FSIIs and water and, therefore, inversely proportional to the degree of hydrogen bonding between water molecules. FSII performance should therefore increase with decreasing water-cluster size, which is calculated from the MD equilibrium trajectories and defined as the average number of water molecules hydrogen bonded to a given water molecule. A good agreement is found between the theoretical and experimental performance rankings for twelve FSIIs and FSII candidates. C1 AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Trohalaki, S (reprint author), AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ Bldg 651,3005 P St,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 13 IS 5 BP 992 EP 998 DI 10.1021/ef9802577 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 239EA UT WOS:000082754800006 ER PT J AU Saylor, JR Handler, RA AF Saylor, JR Handler, RA TI Capillary wave gas exchange in the presence of surfactants SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID INTERFACE; TUNNEL; WIND AB The effect of surfactants on gas exchange across an air/water interface populated with capillary waves, is considered. Experiments were conducted on capillary waves having a wavelength of 2.87 mm in the presence of oleyl alcohol and stearic acid, as well as on surfaces which were surfactant-free. The presence of these surfactants decreased the gas exchange rate by at most a factor of two when the energy delivered to the tank was held constant. Thus, even in the presence of surfactants, pure capillary waves still caused significant gas exchange, indicating that partially damped capillary waves may play an important role in air/sea gas exchange. When the gas exchange coefficient was plotted as a function of mean square slope, the presence of surfactants was found to negligibly affect the gas exchange rate, with the possible exception of the high wave slope regime for stearic acid. This result suggests that it is principally the kinematics of wave motion which accounts for the enhancement of transport due to the capillary waves investigated here. Moreover, these results agree with those obtained from polychromatic, wind-generated waves, suggesting that, for non-breaking waves, knowledge of the statistics of the wave field may be all that is required to parameterize the gas exchange coefficient. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Saylor, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD SEP PY 1999 VL 27 IS 4 BP 332 EP 338 DI 10.1007/s003480050357 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 241WN UT WOS:000082907000006 ER PT J AU Szpak, S Mosier-Boss, PA Miles, MH AF Szpak, S Mosier-Boss, PA Miles, MH TI Calorimetry of the Pd+D codeposition SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED PD/D SYSTEM; BEHAVIOR; DEUTERIUM AB Thermal activities associated with electrochemical compression of deuterium produced on electrodes prepared by Pd + D codeposition are discussed. Three cases are considered: activities during and shortly after commencement of current flow those observed during runs of several days duration, and surface temperature distribution recorded by infrared scanning. Experimental results show excellent reproducibility, high-power outputs, and the development of thermal instabilities resulting in the formation of local hot spots. C1 Spawar Syst Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Szpak, S (reprint author), Spawar Syst Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 36 IS 2 BP 234 EP 241 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 228QJ UT WOS:000082146900010 ER PT J AU Vogt, PR Gardner, J Crane, K AF Vogt, PR Gardner, J Crane, K TI The Norwegian-Barents-Svalbard (NBS) continental margin: Introducing a natural laboratory of mass wasting, hydrates, and ascent of sediment, pore water, and methane SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TROUGH MOUTH FAN; GAS HYDRATE; NORTH-SEA; GREENLAND SEA; MUD VOLCANOS; FRAM STRAIT; HEAT-FLOW; SLOPE; BASIN; EVOLUTION AB Side-scan sonar mapping and ground-truthing of the Norwegian-Barents-Svalbard continental margin shed new light on shelf glaciation, mass wasting, hydrates, and features like the Hakon Mosby mud volcano (HMMV), reflecting upward mobility of gas, pore fluids, and sediments. Detailed HMMV examination revealed thermal gradients to 10 degrees/m, bottom-water CH4 and temperature anomalies, H2S- and CH4-based chemosynthetic ecosystems, and subbottom methane hydrate (to 25%). Seismic and chemical data suggest HMMV origins at 2-3 km depth within the 6-km-thick depocenter. The HMMV and mound fields bordering the Bjornoyrenna slide valley and pockmarks bordering the Storegga slide may all have formed in response to sediment failure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, New York, NY USA. RP Vogt, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Code 7420,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 98 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 2 EP 21 DI 10.1007/s003670050088 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 248TT UT WOS:000083292000002 ER PT J AU Hjelstuen, BO Eldholm, O Faleide, JI Vogt, PR AF Hjelstuen, BO Eldholm, O Faleide, JI Vogt, PR TI Regional setting of Hakon Mosby Mud Volcano, SW Barents Sea margin SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SVALBARD CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; TROUGH MOUTH FAN; CENOZOIC EVOLUTION; SEDIMENTATION AB The Hakon Mosby Mud Volcano (HMMV) is a seafloor mud volcano, having a 1-km-diameter circular shape and a relief of 8-10 m. HMMV is located within a slide scar on the Bjornoya glacial submarine fan on the SW Barents Sea slope, and is underlain by a >6-km-thick Cenozoic sequence. Multichannel seismic data reveal a 1- 2-km-wide disturbed zone, which extends to a depth of >3 km below the HMMV. We relate the zone to the presence of free gas. The seismic data are compatible with an intrasedimentary sourced mud volcano related to the glacial sedimentation history and mass movements. C1 AS Geoconsult, N-5106 Ovre Ervik, Norway. Univ Oslo, Dept Geol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. USN, Res Lab, Div Marine Geosci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hjelstuen, BO (reprint author), AS Geoconsult, Nedre Astveit 12, N-5106 Ovre Ervik, Norway. NR 26 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.1007/s003670050089 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 248TT UT WOS:000083292000003 ER PT J AU Eldholm, O Sundvor, E Vogt, PR Hjelstuen, BO Crane, K Nilsen, AK Gladczenko, TP AF Eldholm, O Sundvor, E Vogt, PR Hjelstuen, BO Crane, K Nilsen, AK Gladczenko, TP TI SW Barents Sea continental margin heat flow and Hakon Mosby Mud Volcano SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENTATION; EVOLUTION AB The high thermal gradient and heat flow >1000 mW m(-2) on Hakon Mosby Mud Volcano are ascribed to rapid transport of pore water, mud, and gas in a narrow, deep conduit within a 3.1-km-thick glacial sediment unit. The instability is caused by rapid loading of dense glacial sediments on less dense oozes. Changes in pressure-temperature conditions by sudden, large-scale downslope mass movement may induce structural deformation, opening transient pathways from the base of the glacial sediments to the sea floor. This model may also explain slope maxima elsewhere on the margin. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Geol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Bergen, Inst Solid Earth Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. AS Geoconsult, N-5083 Ovre Ervik, Norway. RP Eldholm, O (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Geol, POB 1047, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s003670050090 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 248TT UT WOS:000083292000004 ER PT J AU Milkov, A Vogt, P Cherkashev, G Ginsburg, G Chernova, N Andriashev, A AF Milkov, A Vogt, P Cherkashev, G Ginsburg, G Chernova, N Andriashev, A TI Sea-floor terrains of Hakon Mosby Mud Volcano as surveyed by deep-tow video and still photography SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BARBADOS ACCRETIONARY WEDGE; MEXICO CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; HYDROCARBON SEEPS; INFAUNAL BENTHOS; FLUID EXPULSION; FIELD SEAWARD; HYDRATE; PRISM; GAS AB A survey of the submarine Hakon Mosby mud volcano (HMMV) area by photo and video cameras permits the classification and mapping of sea-floor terrains. Approximate concentric zoning is seen in the distribution of the terrains, which correlates well with morphostructural elements of the mud volcano. A relatively limited biological community, dominated by tubeworms (Pogonophora and Polychaeta) and demersal fish, exists on the HMMV. Photo and video images show no evidence for gas bubbles in the water column, although methane is present in the mud volcano sediments. White patches, which comprise over 75% of the sea floor in some areas, are interpreted to be bacterial mats and/or gas hydrates. C1 St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. VNIIOkeangeol, St Petersburg, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RP Milkov, A (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, GERG, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RI Cherkashov, Georgy/N-6949-2013 OI Cherkashov, Georgy/0000-0002-9870-6428 NR 39 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1007/s003670050091 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 248TT UT WOS:000083292000005 ER PT J AU Ginsburg, GD Milkov, AV Soloviev, VA Egorov, AV Cherkashev, GA Vogt, PR Crane, K Lorenson, TD Khutorskoy, MD AF Ginsburg, GD Milkov, AV Soloviev, VA Egorov, AV Cherkashev, GA Vogt, PR Crane, K Lorenson, TD Khutorskoy, MD TI Gas hydrate accumulation at the Hakon Mosby Mud Volcano SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WATER AB Gas hydrate (GH) accumulation is characterized and modeled, for the Hakon Mosby mud volcano, ca. 1.5 km across, located on the Norway-Barents-Svalbard margin. Pore water chemical and isotopic results based on shallow sediment cores as well as geothermal and geomorphological data suggest that the GH accumulation is of a concentric pattern controlled by and formed essentially from the ascending mud volcano fluid. The gas hydrate content of sediment peaks at 25% by volume, averaging about 1.2% throughout the accumulation. The amount of hydrate methane is estimated at ca. 10(8) m(3) STP, which could account for about 1-10% of the gas that has escaped from the volcano since its origin. C1 VNIIOkeangeol, St Petersburg, Russia. St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. Inst Oceanol, Moscow 117218, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Marine Biosci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Ginsburg, GD (reprint author), VNIIOkeangeol, Angliyskiy Prospekt 1, St Petersburg, Russia. RI Cherkashov, Georgy/N-6949-2013 OI Cherkashov, Georgy/0000-0002-9870-6428 NR 23 TC 84 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1007/s003670050093 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 248TT UT WOS:000083292000007 ER PT J AU Egorov, AV Crane, K Vogt, PR Rozhkov, AN AF Egorov, AV Crane, K Vogt, PR Rozhkov, AN TI Gas hydrates that outcrop on the sea floor: stability models SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; SEDIMENTS AB The detection of sea-floor gas hydrates (GHs) proves that they can coexist in contact with seawater. We calculate that sea-floor hydrates undergo rapid dissolution, yet they are maintained by the constant high rate of upward migration of gas-saturated waters. If upward migration originates from a point source, then the thickness of sea-floor hydrates varies with distance from the center of the upwelling (depending on heat flow). However, nearsurface fracturing may control the actual points of exit onto the sea floor above. If gas migration rates decrease from the center of the mud volcano to its periphery, a concentric pattern in distribution of temperature, methane concentration, and GH contents can be described. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Moscow 117218, Russia. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY USA. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Biosci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Mech, Moscow, Russia. RP Egorov, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, 36 Nachimovskiy Prospect, Moscow 117218, Russia. NR 34 TC 38 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1007/s003670050094 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 248TT UT WOS:000083292000008 ER PT J AU Lein, A Vogt, P Crane, K Egorov, A Ivanov, M AF Lein, A Vogt, P Crane, K Egorov, A Ivanov, M TI Chemical and isotopic evidence for the nature of the fluid in CH4-containing sediments of the Hakon Mosby Mud Volcano SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD SEAWARD; GAS HYDRATE; METHANE AB The pore waters of CH4-containing sediments of the Hakon Mosby Mud Volcano were rich in NH4+, Br-, and I-; exhibited a high total alkalinity; but were poor in Cl- and SO42-. The geological evidence and our data suggest that organic matter decomposition in preglacial or early interglacial sediments took place during early diagenesis (bacterial processes) and during metamorphism (thermogenic processes under the 3100-m-thick layer of glacial sediments), accompanied by mud volcano fluid generation. It is argued that the CH4 of the mud volcano sediments has a mixed, biogenic and thermogenic, origin. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Moscow 117218, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, New York, NY 10021 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, Moscow 117811, Russia. RP Lein, A (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Krasikowa 7, Moscow 117218, Russia. NR 32 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 76 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s003670050095 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 248TT UT WOS:000083292000009 ER PT J AU Pimenov, N Savvichev, A Rusanov, I Lein, A Egorov, A Gebruk, A Moskalev, L Vogt, P AF Pimenov, N Savvichev, A Rusanov, I Lein, A Egorov, A Gebruk, A Moskalev, L Vogt, P TI Microbial processes of carbon cycle as the base of food chain of Hakon Mosby Mud Volcano benthic community SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METHANE; POGONOPHORA AB Box and gravity cores recovered from the Hakon Mosby mud volcano (HMMV) during cruise 15 of the R/V Professor Logachev were analyzed for bacterial activity and benthic fauna distribution. The high bacterium number (up to 9.6 x 10(9) cells cm(-3) of the sediment) and marked rates of sulfate reduction (up to 0.155 mg S dm(-3) day(-1)) and methane oxidation (up to 9.9 mu g C dm(-3) day(-1)) were shown for the upper horizons of the sediments of the HMMV peripheral zone. The benthic community is characterized by the presence of two pogonophoran species, Oligobrachia sp. and Sclerolinum sp., harboring symbiotic methanotrophic bacteria. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, Moscow 117811, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Moscow 117218, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pimenov, N (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, Pr 60 Letya Oktyabrya 7, Moscow 117811, Russia. NR 17 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1007/s003670050097 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 248TT UT WOS:000083292000011 ER PT J AU Vogt, PR Gardner, J Crane, K Sundvor, E Bowles, F Cherkashev, G AF Vogt, PR Gardner, J Crane, K Sundvor, E Bowles, F Cherkashev, G TI Ground-truthing 11-to 12-kHz side-scan sonar imagery in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea: Part I: Pockmarks on the Vestnesa Ridge and Storegga slide margin SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FRAM STRAIT; SEDIMENTATION AB Numerous small (50- to 300-m-diameter) strong-backscatter objects were imaged on the 1200- to 1350-m deep crest of Vestnesa Ridge (Fram Strait) and along the 900- to 1000-m deep northeast margin of the Storegga slide valley. Ground-truthing identified most of these objects;Is 2- to 10-m-deep pockmarks, developed within soft, acoustically stratified silty clays (typical wet bulk density: 1400-1600 kg m(-3); sound speed: 1480-1505 ms(-1); porosity, 65-75%; shear strength: 5-10 kPa; water content: 80-120%; and thermal conductivity: 0.8-0.9 W m(-1) deg C-1 in the top 3 m). Gas wipeouts, enhanced reflectors, and reflector discontinuities indicate recent or ongoing activity, but the absence of local heat flow anomalies suggests that any upward fluid flows are modest and/or local. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY USA. Univ Bergen, Inst Solid Earth Phys, Bergen, Norway. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. VNIIOkeangeol, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Vogt, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7420,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Cherkashov, Georgy/0000-0002-9870-6428 NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 110 DI 10.1007/s003670050098 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 248TT UT WOS:000083292000012 ER PT J AU Vogt, PR Crane, K Sundvor, E Hjelstuen, BO Gardner, J Bowles, F Cherkashev, G AF Vogt, PR Crane, K Sundvor, E Hjelstuen, BO Gardner, J Bowles, F Cherkashev, G TI Ground-truthing 11-to 12-kHz side-scan sonar imagery in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea: Part II: Probable diapirs on the Bear Island fan slide valley margins and the Voring Plateau SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORWAY; SEDIMENTS; POCKMARKS; FIELDS; BASIN; MUD AB SeaMARC II (11- to 12-kHz) side-scan sonar revealed hundreds of small strong-backscatter spots, tens to 500 m in diameter, along the lips of the Bear Island fam slide valley. New bathymetry, deep-tow side-scan, deep-tow profiles, heatflow, and gravity cores were collected for ground-truth. These mounds are probably mud diapirs (or mud-built mounds) typically 10-75 m high, formed by glacial sediment mobilized by Late Pleistocene slide events. The mounds are arranged along NNE trending lines, suggesting control by intrasedimentary faults ca. 0.5-1 km apart. Diapirs examined on the Voring Plateau exhibit WNW structural control. No heatflow anomaly was found in four stations on or next to diapirs in either area. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY USA. Univ Bergen, Inst Solid Earth Phys, Bergen, Norway. AS Geoconsult, N-5083 Oevre Ervik, Norway. VNIIOkeangeol, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Vogt, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7420,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Cherkashov, Georgy/N-6949-2013 OI Cherkashov, Georgy/0000-0002-9870-6428 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 130 DI 10.1007/s003670050099 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 248TT UT WOS:000083292000013 ER PT J AU Cherkis, NZ Max, MD Vogt, PR Crane, K Midthassel, A Sundvor, E AF Cherkis, NZ Max, MD Vogt, PR Crane, K Midthassel, A Sundvor, E TI Large-scale mass wasting on the north Spitsbergen continental margin, Arctic Ocean SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN BARENTS SEA; TROUGH MOUTH FAN; GAS HYDRATE; DEEP-SEA; EVOLUTION; SVALBARD; HISTORY; SEDIMENTS; RIDGE; BASIN AB Closely spaced, single-beam bathymetric and side-scan sonar investigations on the northern slope of the western Svalbard insular platform have revealed the presence of a Late Quaternary slump complex forming a hanging-wall slump canyon near the head of the Malene Bukta (Malene Bay) bathymetric embayment in the northern continental margin. Repeated slump erosion may be responsible for development of this young feature and the Malene Bukta Embayment. Focusing of the slumping may be due to the trapping of gas at shallow sea-floor depths by gas hydrate, with the consequent formation of subjacent gas-rich, low shear-strength decollement zones. Faults have likely controlled the upward migration of gas into the younger sedimentary prism. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Norges Sjokartverk, N-4001 Stavanger, Norway. Univ Bergen, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. RP Cherkis, NZ (reprint author), Neptune Sci Inc, 12310 Pinecrest Rd, Reston, VA 20191 USA. NR 73 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 142 DI 10.1007/s003670050100 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 248TT UT WOS:000083292000014 ER PT J AU Bergeron, CJ Brusstar, JR Yi, N Wu, Y Ioup, JW AF Bergeron, CJ Brusstar, JR Yi, N Wu, Y Ioup, JW TI A new vertical continuation procedure for airborne electromagnetic field data from the modified image method SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data measured by equipment in a bird tethered to a helicopter have large variations caused by the unavoidable vertical excursions of the helicopter as it traverses its flight path. Such large changes tend to mask the smaller changes in field strength caused by lateral variations in the earth's electrical conductivity along the flight path, which is the information that is the goal of AEM surveys. Signals produced by conductivity anomalies such as sea-ice keels and pipelines in marshes or in the shallow ocean are enhanced and map be apparent directly in the continued fields. Furthermore, electronic or environmental noise is more easily detected in the continued fields and reduced by various methods of filtering and signal processing. In the modified image method (MIM) formalism for AEM fields, the algebraic expression for the secondary to primary field ratio H-s/H-p is given in terms of R, where R is the total complex vertical separation of the primary and image dipoles 2(h + delta(eff)) scaled to the coil spacing rho, delta(eff) is the complex effective skin depth, and h is the altitude of the bird. An inverse algebraic relation gives R as a function of H-s/H-p. In this paper we present a simple and accurate method of continuing the field by way of continuing R. Because R is linear in h, the vertical continuation of R from h to h(0) is accomplished by a simple linear translation. This method is applied to a flight line of an AEM survey of Barataria Bay, Louisiana, which includes both the marsh and a near-shore region of the Gulf of Mexico. The smoothnesss of the continued data over the Gulf implies that the variability of the continued data over the marsh is attributable to horizontal variation in salinity, soil porosity, and water depth rather than noise. To produce more accurate values for R, we have also included details of an extended halfspace renormalization function which, in effect, removes residual differences between the fields calculated from the MIM algebraic and the numerical evaluation of the exact Sommerfeld integral representations of the H-s/H-p field. C1 Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Knowles Elect Inc, Itasca, IL 60143 USA. Template Software, New Orleans, LA 70130 USA. RP Bergeron, CJ (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 64 IS 5 BP 1364 EP 1368 DI 10.1190/1.1444641 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 245QR UT WOS:000083120100004 ER PT J AU Pitman, KT Johnson, JT AF Pitman, KT Johnson, JT TI Skin metastases from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Incidence and impact SO HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Southern Section Meeting of the Triological-Society CY JAN 16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Triol Soc, So Sect DE skin metastases; dermal metastases; distant metastases; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ID DISTANT METASTASES; CUTANEOUS METASTASES; CANCER; TUMORS AB Background. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper aerodigestive tract rarely metastasizes to the skin. This study was designed to review the incidence of skin metastases, to identify associated risk factors, and to investigate the prognostic significance of skin metastases. Methods. A cohort of 2491 patients treated for SCC originating in the upper aerodigestive tract were evaluated retrospectively, Patients who developed skin metastases were evaluated with respect to tumor stage, treatment, and outcome. Patients with skin metastases were compared with patients who developed distant metastases at other sites and with those who did not develop distant metastases. Results. Skin metastases developed in 19 (0.763%) patients. The median time to occurrence was 6 months. Ninety percent of patients died of disease within a median of 3 months (1 to 16 months) following diagnosis. The development of skin metastasis is most closely related to the presence of two or more cervical metastases and/or extracapsular spread of tumor in the cervical metastases. Similar risk factors were identified for the development of distant metastases to other sites. Conclusion. Metastasis to skin is a rare occurrence which has prognostic significance similar to distant metastasis to other areas. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Pitman, KT (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Code 0609, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1043-3074 J9 HEAD NECK-J SCI SPEC JI Head Neck-J. Sci. Spec. Head Neck PD SEP PY 1999 VL 21 IS 6 BP 560 EP 565 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0347(199909)21:6<560::AID-HED10>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 232HZ UT WOS:000082366400010 PM 10449673 ER PT J AU Essock, EA Sinai, MJ McCarley, JS Krebs, WK DeFord, JK AF Essock, EA Sinai, MJ McCarley, JS Krebs, WK DeFord, JK TI Perceptual ability with real-world nighttime scenes: Image-intensified, infrared, and fused-color imagery SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID VISUAL-SEARCH; PREATTENTIVE VISION; IR IMAGERY; FUSION; MODEL; DEGRADATIONS; FEATURES; ACUITY; TASK AB We investigated human perceptual performance allowed by relatively impoverished information conveyed in nighttime natural scenes. We used images of night time outdoor scenes rendered in image-intensified low-light visible (i(2)) sensors, thermal infrared (ir) sensors, and an i(2)/ir fusion technique with information added. We found that nighttime imagery provides adequate low-level image information for effective perceptual organization on a classification task, but that performance for exemplars within a given object category is dependent on the image type. Overall performance was best with the false-color fused images. This is consistent with the suggestion in the literature that color plays a predominate role in perceptual grouping and segmenting of objects in a scene and supports the suggestion that the addition of color in complex achromatic scenes aids the perceptual organization required for visual search. In the present study, we address the issue of assessment of perceptual performance with alternative night-vision sensors and fusion methods and begin to characterize perceptual organization abilities permitted by the information in relatively impoverished images of complex scenes. Applications of this research include improving night vision, medical, and other devices that use alternative sensors or degraded imagery. C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Univ Louisville, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM eaesso01@ulkyvm.louisville.edu NR 56 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 EI 1547-8181 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD SEP PY 1999 VL 41 IS 3 BP 438 EP 452 DI 10.1518/001872099779611030 PG 15 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 277ZW UT WOS:000084964300009 PM 10665211 ER PT J AU Broedling, LA AF Broedling, LA TI Applying a systems approach to human resource management SO HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB One reason why organizational improvement efforts often fall short of expectations is that they are rarely systematic. This article describes both the theory and practice of improving human resource management (HRM) using an example from McDonnell Douglas Corporation, in which an integrated systems approach was applied. A model of various, specific HRM initiatives is presented. The plan for undertaking these initiatives is also described. A hey factor in the success of this approach is in changing the mental model that executives hold regarding hour organizations really function. A major part of this shift is appreciating that organizational improvement initiatives are not additive but interactive. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 McDonnell Douglas Corp, Human Resources & Qual, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. US Dept Def, Washington, DC 20305 USA. USN, Washington, DC USA. RP Broedling, LA (reprint author), McDonnell Douglas Corp, Human Resources & Qual, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0090-4848 J9 HUM RESOURCE MANAGE JI Hum. Resour. Manage. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 38 IS 3 BP 269 EP 277 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-050X(199923)38:3<269::AID-HRM9>3.0.CO;2-0 PG 9 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 235DH UT WOS:000082524400009 ER PT J AU Paul, JT AF Paul, JT TI COTS based open systems for military avionics SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The Department of Defense (DoD) has many acquisition programs that are aggressively implementing open architecture principles in new avionics systems. Since "open" is an unclear attribute, projects eventually give in to a point solution that has no flexibility to cost effectively keep up with rapid changes in technology. The Open Systems Development Initiative (OSDI) project at Naval Air Warfare Center - Weapons Division (NAWC-WD), China Lake, CA, utilized Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) products to study the feasibility of building an open system that has plug-and-play capabilities. Lessons learned from the AV-8B Open Systems Core Avionics Requirements (OSCAR) and the F/A-18 Advanced Mission Computers and Displays (AMC&D) programs clearly indicated that understanding the underlying interfaces is crucial to keeping the system as open as possible to take advantage of the rapid changes in technology. A matrix of Key Open Standard Interfaces (KOSI), called the KOSI matrix, was developed and an applicable standard was identified for each interface. A list of non-conforming interfaces was also identified and the use of extensions or wrappers was investigated in an attempt to comply with standards. Standardization, rather than optimization of such interfaces, was considered more beneficial. It became evident that, with the exception of ruggedization, there is no difference in the use of COTS products for either commercial or military systems. Performing a KOSI analysis helped identify the key interfaces and standards, thus enabling the OSDI system to be scalable, portable and interoperable. A good KOSI matrix provides a vehicle for clear communication and helps systems integration and technology insertion to be less painful than what it is today. It helps reduce time-to-market and provides guidance to systems engineers and vendors to keep the system open. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Paul, JT (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Code 457160D,Bldg 2029, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 14 IS 9 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1109/62.793451 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 237YF UT WOS:000082683600008 ER PT J AU Clark, TR Kang, JU Esman, RD AF Clark, TR Kang, JU Esman, RD TI Performance of a time- and wavelength-interleaved photonic sampler for analog-digital conversion SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE analog-digital conversion; microwave receivers; optical data processing; photonic sampling; wavelength-division multiplexing ID CONVERTER AB We experimentally demonstrate the sampling of microwave signals using a novel time- and wavelength-interleaved pulse train derived from a mode-locked fiber laser. Experimental results are presented indicating a modulator limited bandwidth of 18 GHz and a laser relative intensity noise limited effective number of bits of similar to 7 when tested for use in a hybrid photonic analog-digital converter architecture. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clark, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kang, Jin/A-3228-2010 NR 8 TC 87 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1168 EP 1170 DI 10.1109/68.784241 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 228PR UT WOS:000082145300028 ER PT J AU Corzine, KA Sudhoff, SD Whitcomb, CA AF Corzine, KA Sudhoff, SD Whitcomb, CA TI Performance characteristics of a cascaded two-level converter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION LA English DT Article AB A cascaded two-level converter is proposed which utilizes two six-transistor inverters and is capable of producing voltages which are identical to those of three-level and four-level converters. Since the machine voltages are the same, the converter performance iii the same as is verified through laboratory tests. The advantages and disadvantages of tie proposed cascaded converter are explored. The proposed converter is simpler to construct and offers more non-redundant switching states per number of active semiconductors than standard multi-level converters. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USN, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Corzine, KA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, POB 784, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. NR 14 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8969 J9 IEEE T ENERGY CONVER JI IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 14 IS 3 BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.1109/60.790893 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 235WC UT WOS:000082564700027 ER PT J AU Chapman, PL Sudhoff, SD Whitcomb, CA AF Chapman, PL Sudhoff, SD Whitcomb, CA TI Multiple reference frame analysis of non-sinusoidal brushless DC drives SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION LA English DT Article ID PERMANENT-MAGNET MOTORS; EMF WAVE-FORMS; INDUCTION MACHINE; TORQUE RIPPLE AB The method of multiple reference frames is employed in the development of a state variable model for brushless DC drives with non-sinusoidal back emf waveforms. This model has the desirable features of being valid for transient and steady-state analysis as well as having state variables that are constant in the steady-state. The model facilitates both nonlinear and linear system analysis and control design. Computer simulation and experimental data are included to validate the analysis. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USN, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Chapman, PL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 16 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8969 J9 IEEE T ENERGY CONVER JI IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 14 IS 3 BP 440 EP 446 DI 10.1109/60.790894 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 235WC UT WOS:000082564700028 ER PT J AU Kuhn, BT Sudhoff, SD Whitcomb, CA AF Kuhn, BT Sudhoff, SD Whitcomb, CA TI Performance characteristics and average-value modeling of auxiliary resonant commutated pole converter based induction motor drives SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION LA English DT Article AB The auxiliary resonant commutated pole (ARCP) converter is currently of intense interest for use in a variety of power electronic converters, land is one of the cornerstones of the Navy's Power Electronic Building Block (PEBB) effort. In this paper a detailed discussion of the required switching times needed to achieve completely soft switching operation with only one current sensor per phase is set forth. Based on this analysis, an average-value model of the ARCP converter is derived and used to explore the output characteristics of the ARCP converter. It is shown that large loads at high power factors can cause the ARCP output voltage to drop substantially, Computer simulations and laboratory data are used to validate this analysis. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USN, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kuhn, BT (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 1285 Elect Engn Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8969 J9 IEEE T ENERGY CONVER JI IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 14 IS 3 BP 493 EP 499 DI 10.1109/60.790902 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 235WC UT WOS:000082564700036 ER PT J AU Zheng, L Chan, AK Liu, S Smith, W Holyer, RJ AF Zheng, L Chan, AK Liu, S Smith, W Holyer, RJ TI Directional clutter removal of aerial digital images using X-ray wavelet transform and Markov random field SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) CY 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Int Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE declutter; Markov random field; noise removal; resampling; subband filtering; X-ray wavelet transform ID FILTER; NOISE AB Aerial image is one of the primary data sources for underwater oceanographic studies, These images are often corrupted by clutters induced by surface water waves, Removal of the wave clutters from these images is an important preprocessing step for accurate assessment of information. In this paper, we introduce a novel technique combining the X-ray wavelet transform (XWT) with Markov random field (MRF) for directional noise removal. Surface water waves are classified according to their features into two types: ripple wave (longwave) and spark wave (short-wave). We show in our numerical experiments that by performing XWT along the direction of wave propagation, the wave clutters can be successfully detected. To remove long-waves, resampling and subband filtering techniques are used. To remove short-waves, on the other hand, spectral-spatial maximum exclusive mean (SMEM) filter is used in this study. Finally, because of the directional characteristic of the clutters, nonisotropic MRF is introduced into the post-processing step to refine the output. Experimental results show that one can remove both kinds of wave clutters with only small background distortion using the proposed hybrid algorithm. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect Engn, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Comp Sci, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect Engn, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 1999 VL 37 IS 5 BP 2181 EP 2191 DI 10.1109/36.789615 PN 1 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 236YT UT WOS:000082627400007 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Grunes, MR Ainsworth, TL Du, LJ Schuler, DL Cloude, SR AF Lee, JS Grunes, MR Ainsworth, TL Du, LJ Schuler, DL Cloude, SR TI Unsupervised classification using polarimetric decomposition and the complex Wishart classifier SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) CY 1998 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Int Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE radar polaimetry; synthetic aperture radar; terrain classification ID IMAGE CLASSIFICATION; RADAR POLARIMETRY; NEURAL-NETWORK; SAR DATA; BEHAVIOR AB In this paper, we propose a new method for unsupervised classification of terrain types and man-made objects using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. This technique is a combination of the unsupervised classification based on polarimetric target decomposition [9] and the maximum likelihood classifier based on the complex Wishart distribution for the polarimetric covariance matrix [15]. We use Cloude and Pottier's method to initially classify the polarimetric SAR image. The initial classification map defines training sets for classification based on the Wishart distribution. The classified results are then used to define training sets for the next iteration. Significant improvement has been observed in iteration. The iteration ends when the number of pixels switching classes becomes smaller than a predetermined number or when other criteria are met. We observed that the class centers in the entropy-alpha plane are shifted by each iteration, The final class centers in the entropy-alpha plane are useful for class identification by the scattering mechanism associated with each zone. The advantages of this method are the automated classification, and the interpretation of each class based on scattering mechanism. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated using a JPL/AIRSAR polarimetric SAR image. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Appl Electromagnet, St Andrews KY16 9UR, Fife, Scotland. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 397 Z9 478 U1 5 U2 36 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 1999 VL 37 IS 5 BP 2249 EP 2258 DI 10.1109/36.789621 PN 1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 236YT UT WOS:000082627400013 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Grunes, MR de Grandi, G AF Lee, JS Grunes, MR de Grandi, G TI Polarimetric SAR speckle filtering and its implication for classification SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE polarimetric SAR; polarimetric SAR speckle filtering; terrain classification ID WISHART DISTRIBUTION; LOCAL STATISTICS; IMAGERY; REDUCTION; DECOMPOSITION AB This paper proposes a new approach in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) speckle filtering. The new approach emphasizes preserving polarimetric properties and statistical correlation between channels, not introducing crosstalk, and not degrading the image quality. In the last decade, speckle reduction of polarimetric SAR imagery has been studied using several different approaches. All of these approaches exploited the degree of statistical independence between linear polarization channels. The preservation of polarimetric properties and statistical characteristics such as correlation between channels were not carefully addressed. To avoid crosstalk, each element of the covariance matrix must be filtered independently. This rules out current methods of polarimetric SAR filtering. To preserve the polarimetric signature, each element of the covariance matrix should be filtered in a way similar to multilook processing by averaging the covariance matrix of neighboring pixels. However, this must be done without the deficiency of smearing the edges, which degrades image quality and corrupts polarimetric properties. The proposed polarimetric SGR filter uses edge-aligned nonsquare windows and applies the local statistics filter. The impact of using this polarimetric speckle filtering on terrain classification is quite dramatic in boosting classification performance. Airborne polarimetric radar images are used for illustration. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. European Union Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 305 Z9 353 U1 4 U2 32 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 1999 VL 37 IS 5 BP 2363 EP 2373 DI 10.1109/36.789635 PN 2 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 236ZA UT WOS:000082628100002 ER PT J AU Lin, CS AF Lin, CS TI Tunable laser induced scattering from coastal water SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE laser applications; Raman scattering; remote sensing ID TEMPERATURE AB This paper describes tunable laser-induced inelastic scattering measurements made on Chesapeake water. Results show both fluorescence and Raman signals were induced at laser wavelengths ranging from 480 to 530 nm. Depending on excitation laser wavelengths, Raman signals overlap with fluorescence signals at different spectral positions. At shorter excitation laser wavelengths, analyses of measurement data demonstrate that Raman signals can be recovered for water temperature retrievals. At longer excitation wavelengths, both fluorescence and Raman spectral shapes are corrupted. This paper describes the effects of superposed laser-induced signals on geophysical parameter retrievals through spectral analysis. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM csun@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 1999 VL 37 IS 5 BP 2461 EP 2468 DI 10.1109/36.789642 PN 2 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 236ZA UT WOS:000082628100009 ER PT J AU Chubb, SR Askari, F Donato, TF Romeiser, R Ufermann, S Cooper, AL Alpers, W Mango, SA Lee, JS AF Chubb, SR Askari, F Donato, TF Romeiser, R Ufermann, S Cooper, AL Alpers, W Mango, SA Lee, JS TI Study of gulf stream features with a multifrequency polarimetric SAR from the space shuttle SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE radar cross section; scattering; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID BACKSCATTERING CROSS-SECTION; SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; COMPOSITE SURFACE MODEL; OCEAN SURFACE; CONVERGENCE; SIGNATURES AB Using simulations of radar cross section (RCS) based on wavecurrent interaction calculations, we investigate the origin of a prominent enhancement in L-band from signals that were transmitted and received, respectively, with horizontal (H) and vertical (V) polarization radar return. This was observed in imagery of the northern boundary of the Gulf Stream (GS) during the first Shuttle Radar Laboratory (SRL-1) mission, The calculations of surface roughness are based on a one-dimensional (1-D) surface current model that closely resembles a current shear that was observed in in situ current measurements, taken at both sides of the GS at the time SRL-1 imaged the GS boundary. In agreement with trends observed in the imagery, significant enhancements in L-band HV polarization cross section occur in the neighborhood of the GS thermal boundary, relative Do comparable vertical polarization (VV) cross section signatures at X-, C-, and L-band, We also find reasonably good agreement between the simulated and observed magnitudes of the GS signatures (based on calculations of wave action) using two different radar imaging models, and we provide an overview of a number of additional submesoscale features associated with the GS that were present in the image of the GS boundary. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Hamburg, Inst Oceanog, D-22529 Hamburg, Germany. RP Chubb, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Fangohr, Susanne/B-9573-2008 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 1999 VL 37 IS 5 BP 2495 EP 2507 DI 10.1109/36.789645 PN 2 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 236ZA UT WOS:000082628100012 ER PT J AU Harris, VG Huang, Q Shah, VR Markandeyulu, G Rao, KVSR Huang, MQ Sirisha, K McHenry, ME AF Harris, VG Huang, Q Shah, VR Markandeyulu, G Rao, KVSR Huang, MQ Sirisha, K McHenry, ME TI Neutron diffraction and extended x-ray absorption fine structure studies of Pr-3(Fe1-xCOx)(27.5)Ti-1.5 permanent magnet compounds SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1999 International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 99) CY MAY 18-21, 1999 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE Magnet Soc DE extended x-ray absorption fine structure; neutron diffraction; permanent magnets AB Neutron diffraction (ND) and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements were carried out to determine the long-range and short-range structural properties of Co-substituted Pr3Fe1-xCoxTi1.5 compounds. ND refinement analysis indicates Ti atoms occupy the 4g and 4i Fe sites and Co atoms occupy, without preference, those re sites not shared with the Ti atoms, EXAFS measurements show the local environment of the Pr experiences increasing static disorder with the introduction of Co, and its coordination sphere contracts in the vicinity of those Co near neighbors. The Fe local environment remains unaffected with the introduction of Co suggesting that substitution in excess of 40% can be achieved in this structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Magnetism & Magnet Mat Lab, Madras 600036, Tamil Nadu, India. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Harris, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009 NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 35 IS 5 BP 3286 EP 3288 DI 10.1109/20.800500 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 246EM UT WOS:000083151500018 ER PT J AU van der Zaag, PJ Lubitz, P Kitamoto, Y Abe, M AF van der Zaag, PJ Lubitz, P Kitamoto, Y Abe, M TI The permeability of plated ferrite films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1999 International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 99) CY MAY 18-21, 1999 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE Magnet Soc ID THIN-FILM AB The soft-magnetic properties of ferrite films deposited by ferrite plating are discussed. The crucial parameter in this respect is the initial permeability, mu(i), which is 28 +/- 3 for an as-deposited film and 60 +/- 5 for an annealed him on glass substrates. The origin of these relatively high values of mu(i) is discussed. C1 Philips Res Labs, NL-5656 AA Eindhoven, Netherlands. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys Elect, Tokyo 152, Japan. RP van der Zaag, PJ (reprint author), Philips Res Labs, Prof Holstlaan 4, NL-5656 AA Eindhoven, Netherlands. RI van der Zaag, Pieter/F-7431-2014 OI van der Zaag, Pieter/0000-0001-9080-4907 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 35 IS 5 BP 3436 EP 3438 DI 10.1109/20.800549 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 246EM UT WOS:000083151500067 ER PT J AU Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Leung, K Cullen, JR Clark, AE AF Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Leung, K Cullen, JR Clark, AE TI Magnetostriction of Terfenol-D, heat treated under compressive stress SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1999 International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 99) CY MAY 18-21, 1999 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE Magnet Soc DE heat treatment; magnetostriction; Terfenol-D AB Heat treatment at temperatures > 835 degrees C and compressive stresses > 80 MPa substantially increased the magnetostrictive performance of Terfenol-D (Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.92) under the condition of zero loading. This heat treatment created a built-in prestress which significantly increased the low stress magnetostriction and substantially altered the magnetization curve by reducing its initial susceptibility. For measurements at compressive stresses > 15 MPa the effect of the built-in stress was minimal and the magnetostrictive performance was not appreciably altered. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wun-Fogle, M (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 681, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 3 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 35 IS 5 BP 3817 EP 3819 DI 10.1109/20.800675 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 246EM UT WOS:000083151500193 ER PT J AU Cullen, JR Teter, JP Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE AF Cullen, JR Teter, JP Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE TI Multiple easy-axis changes in magnetostrictive Tb0.88DY0.12Zn SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1999 International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 99) CY MAY 18-21, 1999 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE Magnet Soc DE magnetic anisotropy; magnetostriction; rare earth ahoy; rare earth compound AB Magnetization measurements were made on a single crystal sample of Tb0.88Dy0.12Zn from 4 K to room temperature, Easy-axis reorientations were found at about 46 K, 42.5 K, and 10 K, The presences of [100] easy, [uv0] easy and [110] easy and a return to a second [uv0] easy phase were deduced from these data. A discontinuous change in easy direction at 63 K was found for a TbZn single crystal, Magnetostriction measurements were made under compression at 77 K on a single crystal rod of Tb0.88Dy0.12Zn. lambda(100) was determined to be 0.53%, An interpretation of the magnetization vs. magnetic field orientation data is given based on a phenomenological model, In particular; it is noted that two maxima in the magnetization vs. orientation curves are consequences of low magnetic anisotropy they do not imply the coexistence of two free energy minima. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Cullen, JR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 684, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 35 IS 5 BP 3820 EP 3822 DI 10.1109/20.800676 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 246EM UT WOS:000083151500194 ER PT J AU Gershon, DL Calame, JP Carmel, Y Antonsen, TM Hutcheon, RM AF Gershon, DL Calame, JP Carmel, Y Antonsen, TM Hutcheon, RM TI Open-ended coaxial probe for high-temperature and broad-band dielectric measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE coaxial probe; high temperature; permittivity measurements ID COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; STATIC ANALYSIS; LINE; CALIBRATION; REFLECTION; ERRORS; MODEL; RF AB A stainless steel open-ended coaxial probe was developed to measure the complex permittivity of solid dielectric materials at elevated temperatures and over a broad frequency range. The spring loading of the inner conductor insured hat the probe maintained contact with the sample up to 1000 degrees C and eliminated errors due to differential thermal expansion of the probe. Comparison with an industry standard probe demonstrated that the spring-loaded probe accurately and reproducibly measured the complex permittivity of several samples over a broad frequency range of 0.3-6 GHz at room temperature. At temperatures up to 1000 degrees C, dielectric measurements of a glass ceramic and of a porous alumina composite performed with both a spring-loaded probe and a resonant cavity agreed to within 8% for the real part and 15% for the imaginary part of the complex permittivity. The probe's insensitivity in measuring low-loss materials constrained accurate dielectric measurements to materials with tan delta greater than or equal to 0.05, Finally, optimization of an open-ended probe by varying the probe dimensions is presented. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Microwave Properties N, Deep River, ON K0J 1P0, Canada. RP Gershon, DL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 47 IS 9 BP 1640 EP 1648 DI 10.1109/22.788604 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 235WT UT WOS:000082566600007 ER PT J AU Kay, S Smith, D AF Kay, S Smith, D TI An optimal sidelobeless window SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE digital filters; signal detection; spectral analysis AB A window is derived whose Fourier transform magnitude is unimodal and whose processing gain against white noise is maximized. As such, the spectral window does not exhibit sidelobes and is as narrow in frequency as possible. It should be useful for a variety of signal processing applications. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Kay, S (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 47 IS 9 BP 2542 EP 2546 DI 10.1109/78.782200 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 227DV UT WOS:000082063800021 ER PT J AU Meadows, C Sanders, WH AF Meadows, C Sanders, WH TI Dependable computing for critical applications (DCCA-6) - Guest Editorial: Introduction to the special section SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Formal Methods Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Reliable & High Performance Comp, Coordinated Sci Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Meadows, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Formal Methods Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0098-5589 J9 IEEE T SOFTWARE ENG JI IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 25 IS 5 BP 601 EP 602 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 268RW UT WOS:000084430200001 ER PT J AU Smith, KJ Yeager, J Skelton, H AF Smith, KJ Yeager, J Skelton, H TI Molluscum contagiosum: its clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical spectrum SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTION; RECEPTORS; SEQUENCE; LESIONS; DNA AB The opinions or assertions herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, or the Department of Defense. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20089 USA. Lab Corp Amer, Herndon, VA USA. RP Smith, KJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20089 USA. NR 28 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-9059 J9 INT J DERMATOL JI Int. J. Dermatol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 38 IS 9 BP 664 EP 672 DI 10.1046/j.1365-4362.1999.00677.x PG 9 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 241HR UT WOS:000082877200003 PM 10517682 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, CM TI Anisotropic recursive dyadic Green's function 3D theory for a radially inhomogeneous microstrip circular ferrite circulator SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS DEVICES AND FIELDS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-THEORETICAL TREATMENT; WAVE-GUIDE JUNCTIONS; SPECTRAL-DOMAIN; MEDIA AB Here we develop a three-dimensional (3D) dyadic recursive Green's function with elements G(ij)(st) suitable for determining the electric field component E-z and magnetic field component H-phi anywhere within a circular, planar (microstrip or stripline) circulator. All of the other components may also be found, as none are zero in the 3D model which includes a finite thickness h of the substrate. The recursive nature of G(ij)(st) is a reflection of the inhomogeneous region being broken up into one inner disk containing a removable singularity and N annuli. G(ij)(st)(r, phi, z) is found for any arbitrary point (r, phi, z) within the disk region and within any ith annulus. Specification of G(ij)(st), i = E, j = H, s = z, t = phi or z, at the circulator diameter r = R leads to the determination of the circulator s-parameters. The ports have been separated into discretized ports with elements (subports) and continuous ports. It is shown how G(EH)(zt)(R, phi, z) enables s-parameters to be found for a simple case of a three port ferrite circulator. Because of the general nature of the problem construction, the ports may be located at arbitrary azimuthal angle phi and possess arbitrary line widths. Inhomogeneities can occur because of variations in the applied magnetic field H-app, magnetization 4 pi M-s, and demagnetization factor N-d. All inhomogeneity effects are put into the frequency-dependent tensor elements of the anisotropic permeability tensor <(mu)over cap>. Because of the z-variation present in the finite thickness model, TEM, TM, and TE modal decompositions are not allowed for the 3D analysis, and instead it is found that new coupled governing equations describe the field behaviour in the circulator. The theory is readily adapted to constructing a computer code for numerical evaluation of finite thickness devices. Published in 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the U.S. C1 USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6850-3, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0894-3370 J9 INT J NUMER MODEL EL JI Int. J. Numer. Model.-Electron. Netw. Device Fields PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 12 IS 5 BP 355 EP 387 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1204(199909/10)12:5<355::AID-JNM340>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 33 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 247UX UT WOS:000083239900002 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, CM TI Electromagnetic conductor loss inclusion method in self-consistent 2D Green's function solver for inhomogeneous microstrip ferrite circulator SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS DEVICES AND FIELDS LA English DT Article AB An extremely efficient 2D recursive Green's function procedure exists for determining s-parameters and electromagnetic fields in ferrite circulators. Here we present the electromagnetic theory necessary to obtain formulas which can effectively estimate conductor loss and be used in conjunction with the 2D computational engine. The formulas allow for different shield and ground plane characteristics, and provide an updated effective permeability mu(eq) and propagation constant k(eq) for the non-reciprocal, anisotropic ferrite material. mu(eq) and k(eq) are found for each inhomogeneous annulus in the device, computed based upon the new formulas and the radially varying demagnetization factor N-d, magnetization 4 pi M-s, and applied magnetic field H-app. Published in 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the U.S. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Code 6850-3, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0894-3370 J9 INT J NUMER MODEL EL JI Int. J. Numer. Model.-Electron. Netw. Device Fields PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 12 IS 5 BP 399 EP 415 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1204(199909/10)12:5<399::AID-JNM341>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 247UX UT WOS:000083239900004 ER PT J AU Encarnacao, P Pascoal, A Healey, A AF Encarnacao, P Pascoal, A Healey, A TI Underwater vehicle design using integrated plant-controller optimization methods SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB This paper addresses the problem of integrated design of autonomous underwater vehicle (A UV) plant parameters and feedback controllers to meet mission performance requirements with minimum energy expenditure. This research topic has been motivated by the fact that significant energy savings and increased dynamic performance can in principle be obtained if the process of control system design is integrated with the design of the vehicle itself, thus departing considerably front the classical approach whereby the plant structure is essentially fixed a priori. As a first step towards the solution of this general problem, the following simpler problem is addressed and solved: given an AUV(with a fixed baseline configuration) that is required to operate over a finite set of representative trim conditions in the vertical plane in the course of a given mission scenario, determine the optimal size of the bow and stern planes so that the average propulsion power required to execute that mission is minimized. The minimization process is subject to open-loop stability requirements, and to the existence of stabilizing feedback controllers that can meet time and frequency closed-loop requirements about each trim condition. The paper introduces a methodology to solve this combined plant-controller optimization problem in the framework of convex optimization theory and describes its application to the selection of the optimal size of bow and stern planes for a prototype autonomous vehicle. C1 Univ Tecn Lisboa, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Super Tecn, P-1096 Lisbon, Portugal. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Univ Tecn Lisboa, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Super Tecn, Av Rovisco Pais, P-1096 Lisbon, Portugal. EM antonio@isr.ist.utl.pt RI Encarnacao, Pedro/F-5336-2012; OI Encarnacao, Pedro/0000-0001-7696-2685; PASCOAL, ANTONIO /0000-0002-0657-6671 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7721 EI 1464-5319 J9 INT J SYST SCI JI Int. J. Syst. Sci. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1057 EP 1072 DI 10.1080/002077299291903 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 238DG UT WOS:000082695200013 ER PT J AU Brooks, IM Goroch, AK Rogers, DP AF Brooks, IM Goroch, AK Rogers, DP TI Observations of strong surface radar ducts over the Persian Gulf SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; ANOMALOUS PROPAGATION; SEA; TURBULENCE AB Ducting of microwave radiation is a common phenomenon over the oceans. The height and strength of the duct are controlling factors for radar propagation and must be determined accurately to assess propagation ranges. A surface evaporation duct commonly forms due to the large gradient in specific humidity just above the sea surface; a deeper surface-based or elevated duct frequently is associated with the sudden change in temperature and humidity across the boundary layer inversion. In April 1996 the U.K. Meteorological Office C-130 Hercules research aircraft took part in the U.S. Navy Ship Antisubmarine Warfare Readiness/Effectiveness Measuring exercise (SHAREM-115) in the Persian Gulf by providing meteorological support and making measurements for the study of electromagnetic and electrooptical propagation. The boundary layer structure over the Gulf is influenced strongly by the surrounding desert landmass. Warm dry air flows from the desert over the cooler waters of the Gulf. Heat loss to the surface results in the formation of a stable internal boundary layer. The layer evolves continuously along wind, eventually forming a new marine atmospheric boundary layer. The stable stratification suppresses vertical mixing, trapping moisture within the layer and leading to an increase in refractive index and the formation of a strong boundary layer duct. A surface evaporation duct coexists with the boundary layer duct. In this paper the authors present aircraft- and ship-based observations of both the surface evaporation and boundary layer ducts. A series of sawtooth aircraft profiles map the boundary layer structure and provide spatially distributed estimates of the duct depth. The boundary layer duct is found to have considerable spatial variability in both depth and strength, and to evolve along wind over distances significant to naval operations (similar to 100 km). The depth of the evaporation duct is derived from a bulk parameterization based on Monin-Obukhov similarity theory using near surface data taken by the C-130 during low-level (30 m) flight legs and by ship-based instrumentation. Good agreement is found between the two datasets. The estimated evaporation ducts are found to be generally uniform in depth; however, localized regions of greatly increased depth are observed on one day, and a marked change in boundary layer structure resulting in merging of the surface evaporation duct with the deeper boundary layer duct was observed on another, Both of these cases occurred within exceptionally shallow boundary layers (less than or equal to 100 m), where the mean evaporation duct depths were estimated to be between 12 and 17 m. On the remaining three days the boundary layer depth was between 200 and 300 m, and evaporation duct depths were estimated to be between 20 and 35 m, varying by just a few meters over ranges of up to 200 km. The one-way radar propagation factor is modeled for a case with a pronounced change in duct depth. The case is modeled first with a series of measured profiles to define as accurately as possible the refractivity structure of the boundary layer, then with a single profile collocated with the radar antenna and assuming homogeneity. The results reveal large errors in the propagation factor when derived from a single profile. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Brooks, IM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Brooks, Ian/E-1378-2012 OI Brooks, Ian/0000-0002-5051-1322 NR 22 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1293 EP 1310 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1293:OOSSRD>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240NY UT WOS:000082833100003 ER PT J AU Zhou, BB Xu, Q AF Zhou, BB Xu, Q TI Computing surface fluxes from Mesonet data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BALANCE SYSTEMS; HAPEX-MOBILHY; LAND; LAYER; MODELS; ENERGY; PARAMETERIZATION; VEGETATION; MOISTURE; HEAT AB By using air-vegetation-soil layer coupled model equations as weak constraints, a variational method is developed to compute sensible and latent heat fluxes from conventional observations obtained at meteorological surface stations. This method also retrieves the top soil layer water content (daytime only) and the surface skin temperature as by-products. The method is applied to Oklahoma Mesonet data collected in the summer of 1995. Fluxes computed for selected Mesonet stations are verified against those obtained by the surface energy and radiation balance system at Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) sites closest to the selected Mesonet stations. The retrieved values of soil water content are also compared with the direct measurements at the closest ARM CART stations. With data provided by the dense Mesonet, the method is shown to be useful in deriving the mesoscale distributions and temporal variabilities of surface fluxes, soil water content, and skin temperature. The method is unique in that it provides an additional means to derive flux fields directly from conventional surface observations. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorolog Stud, Norman, OK 73019 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM qxu@nssl.noaa.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1370 EP 1383 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1370:CSFFMD>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240NY UT WOS:000082833100008 ER PT J AU Mattoussi, H Murata, H Merritt, CD Iizumi, Y Kido, J Kafafi, ZH AF Mattoussi, H Murata, H Merritt, CD Iizumi, Y Kido, J Kafafi, ZH TI Photoluminescence quantum yield of pure and molecularly doped organic solid films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; THIN-FILMS; EMISSION MECHANISM; ALUMINUM; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; DEVICES; EFFICIENCY; LASERS; ALQ(3) AB We present measurements of the absolute photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield, phi(PL), for a wide variety of organic compounds in solid films, pure and molecularly doped with strongly fluorescent materials. The procedure, which uses an integrating sphere, does not entail comparison to other standards, and provides accurate measure of the photoluminescence efficiency for submicron thick films, prepared by high vacuum vapor deposition. Host materials include N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4-4'-diamine (TPD), a common hole transport material for light emitting diodes, tris (8-hydroxyquinolinolato) aluminum (III) (Alq(3)) and its methyl derivative, Almq(3), two aluminum chelates used as electron transport and/or green emitting materials. Dopants include tetraphenylnapthacene (rubrene) and N,N'-diethyl quinacridone (DEQ). Doping results in a substantial increase (similar to a factor 2-4) of phi(PL) in comparison with that of the pure host. For instance, measured phi(PL) increases from 0.25 and 0.42 for pure Alq(3) and Almq(3), respectively, to near unity upon doping with rubrene at a concentration of similar to 1 mol %. The above data are discussed within the framework of Forster energy transfer from host to guest. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)03017-0]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Yamagata Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992, Japan. Sachs Freeman Associates Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI KIDO, Junji/H-3049-2012; Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 38 TC 181 Z9 183 U1 5 U2 42 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 5 BP 2642 EP 2650 DI 10.1063/1.371104 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 227GV UT WOS:000082073000043 ER PT J AU Battaile, CC Srolovitz, DJ Oleinik, II Pettifor, DG Sutton, AP Harris, SJ Butler, JE AF Battaile, CC Srolovitz, DJ Oleinik, II Pettifor, DG Sutton, AP Harris, SJ Butler, JE TI Etching effects during the chemical vapor deposition of (100) diamond SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTARY REACTION-MECHANISM; ATOMIC-SCALE SIMULATIONS; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; CVD-GROWN DIAMOND; HOMOEPITAXIAL DIAMOND; TIGHT-BINDING; METHYL RADICALS; 113 FACETS; ACETYLENE; SURFACE AB Current theories of CVD growth on (100) diamond are unable to account for the numerous experimental observations of slow-growing, locally smooth (100)(2x1) films. In this paper we use quantum mechanical calculations of diamond surface thermochemistry and atomic-scale kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of deposition to investigate the efficacy of preferential etching as a mechanism that can help to reconcile this discrepancy. This etching mechanism allows for the removal of undercoordinated carbon atoms from the diamond surface. In the absence of etching, simulated growth on the (100)(2x1) surface is faster than growth on the (110) and (111) surfaces, and the (100) surface is atomically rough. When etching is included in the simulations, the (100) growth rates decrease to values near those observed experimentally, while the rates of growth on the other surfaces remain largely unaffected and similar to those observed experimentally. In addition, the etching mechanism promotes the growth of smooth (100) surface regions in agreement with numerous scanning probe studies. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)70531-3]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. GM Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Dept Phys & Phys Chem, Warren, MI 48090 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ccbatta@sandia.gov RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Harris, Stephen/B-9584-2010; Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484 NR 66 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 9 BP 4291 EP 4299 DI 10.1063/1.479727 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 228BM UT WOS:000082116000059 ER PT J AU Peruski, LF Kay, BA Abu El-Yazeed, R El-Etr, SH Cravioto, A Wierzba, TF Rao, M El-Ghorab, N Shaheen, H Khalil, SB Kamal, K Wasfy, MO Svennerholm, AM Clemens, JD Savarino, SJ AF Peruski, LF Kay, BA Abu El-Yazeed, R El-Etr, SH Cravioto, A Wierzba, TF Rao, M El-Ghorab, N Shaheen, H Khalil, SB Kamal, K Wasfy, MO Svennerholm, AM Clemens, JD Savarino, SJ TI Phenotypic diversity of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains from a community-based study of pediatric diarrhea in Periurban Egypt SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLONIZATION FACTOR ANTIGENS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; B-SUBUNIT; CHILDREN; VACCINE; DISEASE; SEROTYPES; COUNTRIES; COHORT; HUMANS AB No past studies of diarrhea in children of the Middle East have examined in detail the phenotypes of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains, which are important pathogens in this setting During a prospective study conducted from November 1993 to September 1995 with 242 children under 3 years of age with diarrhea living near Alexandria, Egypt, 125 episodes of diarrhea were positive for ETEC;ETEC strains were available for 98 of these episodes, from which 100 ETEC strains were selected and characterized on the basis of enterotoxins, colonization factors (CFs), and O:H serotypes. Of these representative isolates, 57 produced heat-stable toxin (ST) only, 34 produced heat-labile toxin (LT) only, and 9 produced both LT and ST. Twenty-three ETEC strains expressed a CF, with the specific factors being CF antigen TV (CFA/IV; 10 of 23; 43%), CFA/II (5 of 23; 22%), CFA/I (3 of 23; 13%), PCFO166 (3 of 23; 13%), and CS7(2 of 23; 9%). No ETEC strains appeared to express CFA/III, CS17, or PCFO159. Among the 100 ETEC strains, 47 O groups and 20 H groups were represented, with 59 O:H serotypes. The most common O serogroups were O159 (13 strains) and O43 (10 strains). O148 and O21 were each detected in five individual strains, O7 and O56 were each detected in four individual strains, O73, O20, O86, and O114 were each detected in three individual strains, and O23, O78, O91, O103, O128, and O132 were each detected in two individual strains. The most common H serogroups were H4 (16 strains), 12 of which were of serogroup O159; H2 (9 strains), all of which were O43; H18 (6 strains); H30 (6 strains); and H28 (5 strains); strains of the last three H serogroups were all O148. Cumulatively, our results suggest a high degree of clonal diversity of disease-associated ETEC strains in this region. As a low percentage of these strains expressed a CF,it-remains possible that other adhesins for which we either did not assay or that are as yet undiscovered are prevalent in this region. Our findings point out some potential barriers to effective immunization against ETEC diarrhea in this population and emphasize the need to identify additional protective antigens commonly expressed by ETEC for inclusion in future vaccine candidates. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Peruski, LF (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y1-HD-0026-01] NR 44 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 37 IS 9 BP 2974 EP 2978 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 226TV UT WOS:000082038900040 PM 10449484 ER PT J AU Conley, MA Gregory, RA AF Conley, MA Gregory, RA TI Partnering on small construction projects SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Application of partnering concepts on small construction projects by owners or government functionaries could result in substantial savings for private owners and public exchequers annually. This paper develops a concept for partnering for small construction projects based on recent management research and theories being developed in universities with the lessons learned from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers experiences on partnering for large projects. The discussion addresses current attitudes toward partnering, particularly, in small (i.e., up to $3,000,000) private or government sponsored projects. An objective of this paper is to share the benefits of partnering on small construction projects, based on practices and experiences of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. A final objective is to develop a primer for construction practitioners. C1 USN, Civ Engr Corps, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Conley, MA (reprint author), USN, Civ Engr Corps, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9364 J9 J CONSTR ENG M ASCE JI J. Constr. Eng. Manage.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 125 IS 5 BP 320 EP 324 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1999)125:5(320) PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 237EW UT WOS:000082643200004 ER PT J AU Moss, RB Wallace, MR Giermakowska, WK Webb, E Savary, J Chamberlin-Brandt, C Theofan, G Musil, R Richieri, SP Jensen, FC Carlo, DJ AF Moss, RB Wallace, MR Giermakowska, WK Webb, E Savary, J Chamberlin-Brandt, C Theofan, G Musil, R Richieri, SP Jensen, FC Carlo, DJ TI Phenotypic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 cell-mediated immune responses after treatment with an HIV-1 immunogen SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Centers-for-Disease-Control Conference on Laboratory Science of HIV CY SEP, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control ID INCOMPLETE FREUNDS-ADJUVANT; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; DISEASE PROGRESSION; PROTEASE INHIBITOR; IN-VITRO; INFECTION; INDIVIDUALS; RITONAVIR; ANTIGEN; CD4(+) AB It was hypothesized that immune recognition could be stimulated with combined immune-based and potent antiviral drug therapies. This study examined human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific lymphocyte proliferation before and after treatment with an inactivated HIV-1 immunogen in 15 chronically infected HIV-1 seropositive subjects. Lymphocyte proliferation to the immunizing antigen (gp120-depleted HIV-1; P<.001), purified native p24 (P <.001), and recombinant p24 (P <.05) increased after treatment with the HIV-specific immune-based therapy. By HIV-1 antigen-specific flow cytometry, T helper CD4 lymphocytes, CD8 lymphocytes, and NK cells tall P<.001) were the predominant cell types proliferating in vitro after treatment. Additional phenotyping of proliferating cells revealed predominantly CD4 and CD8 memory (both P<.001) phenotypes. This study supports the concept that in vitro lymphocyte proliferation to HIV-1 antigens, augmented after treatment with an inactivated HIV-1 immunogen, involves primarily CD4 and CD8 cell memory immune responses. C1 Immune Response Corp, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Moss, RB (reprint author), Immune Response Corp, 5935 Darwin Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 180 IS 3 BP 641 EP 648 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 230HT UT WOS:000082246300010 PM 10438350 ER PT J AU Chen, ASC Stencel, N Ferguson, D AF Chen, ASC Stencel, N Ferguson, D TI Using ceramic membranes to recycle two nonionic alkaline metal-cleaning solutions SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ceramic membranes; metal-cleaning solution recycling; microfiltration; oil and grease; ultrafiltration ID WATER; OZONE; MACT AB One ZrO(2) ultrafilter (0.05 mu m pore size) and two alpha-Al(2)O(3) microfilters (0.2 and 0.8 mu m) were used to remove one synthetic ester oil and two polyalphaolefin-based and two petroleum hydrocarbon-based oils and greases from two nonionic alkaline cleaning solutions (i.e., Turco(R) 4215-NCLT and Daraclean(R) 282). The removal was evaluated using a series of filtration runs on a bench-scale unit equipped with a tubular crossflow filtration element. The system was operated by closely controlling the permeate flux and the process parameters that influence flux, and by monitoring changes in pressure gradient across the membrane. Oil and grease, total alkalinity, and organic additives were measured in the feed, permeate, and retentate samples. The ZrO(2) ultrafilter completely removed the oils and greases, and its permeability could be restored up to 75% of the initial value. While allowing passage of almost all inorganic salts, the filter retained almost all surfactant additives. The alpha-Al(2)O(3) microfilters became fouled progressively during filtration, and therefore, were not recommended for this application. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Columbus Operat, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Chen, ASC (reprint author), Battelle Columbus Operat, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM chena@battelle.org NR 42 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 162 IS 1-2 BP 219 EP 234 DI 10.1016/S0376-7388(99)00146-5 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 233UK UT WOS:000082445500022 ER PT J AU Revesz, AG Hughes, HL AF Revesz, AG Hughes, HL TI Effects of heat treatments in inert ambients on Si/SiO2 structures SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Amorphous and Crystalline Insulating Thin Films II CY OCT 12-14, 1998 CL SHAW COLL CHINESE UNIV HONG KONG, SHAW, HONG KONG SP Shaw Coll Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong Chapter Mat Res Soc, Croucher Fdn Hong Kong, Asian Off USAF HO SHAW COLL CHINESE UNIV HONG KONG ID INTERFACE DEFECTS; AMORPHOUS SIO2; SILICON; HYDROGEN; DEGRADATION; DIFFUSION; KINETICS; OXIDES AB Based on the considerations of activation energies, the major processes during post-oxidation-annealing (POA) of Si/SiO2 structures in inert ambients appear to be: (1) the shift of the rotational angles, by which the SiO4 tetrahedra in the oxide are rotated with respect to each other, to smaller angles and (2) the generation of strained Si-O bonds with reduced Si-O-Si bond angles and elongated bond lengths. The first process results in increased molar volume of the oxide with increasing oxidation or annealing temperature; the activation energy is 0.01 eV. The second process is responsible for generating hole traps in the oxide during oxide growth or annealing; the activation energy is 0.17 eV. This process is also involved in generating P-b centers at the Si/SiO2 interface in addition to those resulting from the dissociation of(surface) Si-H bonds. The activation energy ranges from 0.16 eV (in He ambient) to 0.25 eV (in vacuum or Ar.) Less P-b centers are generated in Ar, Ne or He than in vacuum. We suggest that these atoms, occupying solubility sites in the oxide, increase the covalency of the Si-O bonds, shift the Si-O-Si angles to larger angles, and, thus, decrease the density of strained bonds and P-b centers generated during annealing. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Revesz Associates, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Revesz, AG (reprint author), Revesz Associates, 7910 Pk Overlook Dr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 254 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00433-0 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 234ZH UT WOS:000082513900007 ER PT J AU Liu, ZY Wu, LX Hurlburt, H AF Liu, ZY Wu, LX Hurlburt, H TI Rossby wave-coastal Kelvin wave interaction in the extratropics. Part II: Formation of island circulation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DEPTH-INTEGRATED FLOW; INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW; OCEAN; RIDGES; MODEL AB The formation of an island circulation is investigated both theoretically and numerically in light of the dynamics of coastal Kelvin waves and Rossby waves. An island circulation is formed in three stages. First, the direction of the circulation is initiated by the coastal Kelvin wave; second, the transport of the circulation is established by the short Rossby wave dissipated against the eastern coast of the island; and finally, the basinwide circulation pattern is completed by the long Rossby wave radiated from the western coast of the island. An island circulation can be forced by either a local alongshore wind or a remote vorticity forcing to the east of the island; the initial Kelvin wave is directly forced by the alongshore wind in the former case, but indirectly forced by a planetary wave incident on the eastern coast of the island in the latter case. A comparison is also made between the spinup of an island circulation and a basin circulation. In addition, this spinup study also provides an alternative derivation of the island rule in light of the dynamics of Kelvin and Rossby waves. The implication for understanding the temporal response of an island circulation to a variable forcing is also discussed. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Bay St Louis, MS USA. RP Liu, ZY (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2405 EP 2418 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<2405:RWCKWI>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 246EC UT WOS:000083150600018 ER PT J AU Stallworth, PE Fontanella, JJ Wintersgill, MC Scheidler, CD Immel, JJ Greenbaum, SG Gozdz, AS AF Stallworth, PE Fontanella, JJ Wintersgill, MC Scheidler, CD Immel, JJ Greenbaum, SG Gozdz, AS TI NMR, DSC and high pressure electrical conductivity studies of liquid and hybrid electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Meeting on Lithium Batteries CY JUL 12-17, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Electrochem Soc Japan, Comm Battery Technol, Int Soc Electrochem, Danion, Eveready Battery Co Inc, LIBES, Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise Ltd, OSTEC, SAFT, Solartron, Univ St Andrews DE electrical conductivity; nuclear magnetic resonance; lithium electrolytes; activation volume; high pressure ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; OXIDE COPOLYMER NETWORKS; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; POLYMER ELECTROLYTE; COMPLEX IMPEDANCE; NA-23 NMR; LI-7 NMR; SODIUM; POLY(ACRYLONITRILE) AB Electrical conductivity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and (7)Li nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies have been carried out on liquid electrolytes such as ethylene carbonate:propylene carbonate (EC:PC) and EC:dimethyl carbonate (DMC) containing LiPF(6) (and LiCF(3)SO(3) for NMR) and films plasticized using the same liquid electrolytes. The films are based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) copolymerized with hexafluoropropylene and contain fumed silica. All measurements were carried out at atmospheric pressure from room temperature to about -150 degrees C and the electrical conductivity studies were performed at room temperature at pressures up to 0.3 Cpa. The liquids and hybrid electrolytes are similar in that the electrical conductivity of the EC:PC-based substances exhibits Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher (VTF) behaviour while that for the EC:DMC-based substances does not. Part of the deviation from VTF behaviour for the EC:DMC-based materials is attributed to crystallization. Further, the glass transition temperatures as determined from NMR, DSC and electrical conductivity measurements are about the same for the liquids and hybrid electrolytes. However, substantial differences are found. The electrical conductivity of the hybrid electrolytes at room temperature is lower than expected and, more importantly, the relative change of conductivity with pressure is larger than for the liquids. In addition, above the glass transition temperature, the NMR T(1) values are smaller and the NMR linewidths are larger for the hybrid electrolytes than for the liquids while at both low and high temperature the NMR linewidths are larger. Consequently, it is concluded that significant solid matrix-lithium ion interactions take place. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10012 USA. BELLCORE, Red Bank, NJ 07701 USA. RP Stallworth, PE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 46 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 6 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD SEP PY 1999 VL 81 BP 739 EP 747 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(99)00144-5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 262WE UT WOS:000084090300141 ER PT J AU Williams, RA Hagerty, BM Hoyle, K Yousha, SM Abdoo, Y Andersen, C Engler, D AF Williams, RA Hagerty, BM Hoyle, K Yousha, SM Abdoo, Y Andersen, C Engler, D TI Research from afar: Considerations for conducting an off-site research project SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING LA English DT Article DE collaboration; data management; off-site; research methods ID MULTISITE; TELEFORM AB An off-site research project Is defined as a research study having a conduction location and data-collection site from which the principal investigator is geographically separated. Off-site research projects will likely increase because they afford greater access to larger research subject pools relevant to research questions and allow participation research ata site from which research would otherwise not be conducted. The critical elements proposed to make an off-site study successful include system negotiations, attending to personnel issues, fostering communication, encouraging subject participation, optimizing data collection and management, considering privacy issues, and ensuring optimal research team performance. An example of a specific off-site study involving a major midwest research university in one state and a large United States Navy training center in another state is discussed, and essential elements in establishing off-site research are highlighted. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, Div Acute Crit & Long Term Care Programs, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Div Nursing & Hlth Care Syst Adm Programs, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Mental Hlth, Great Lakes, IL USA. USN Hosp, Ancillary & Psychosocial Serv, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Williams, RA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, Div Acute Crit & Long Term Care Programs, 400 N Ingalls,Room 4352, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 8755-7223 J9 J PROF NURS JI J. Prof. Nurs. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5 BP 288 EP 293 DI 10.1016/S8755-7223(99)80054-4 PG 6 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 249AX UT WOS:000083310800010 PM 10554469 ER PT J AU Moore, FG McInville, RM Hymer, TC AF Moore, FG McInville, RM Hymer, TC TI Application of the 1998 version of the aeroprediction code SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Naval Surface Warfare Center aeroprediction code has been extended to the roll position of 45 deg (fins in "X" Or cross-roll orientation) in addition to the roll position of 0 deg (fins in "+" or plus-roll orientation). It has also been extended to compute aerodynamics of nonaxisymmetric bodies based on an equivalent axisymmetric body. In addition, the nonlinear aerodynamic loads have been distributed over the body and lifting surfaces to provide a more useful tool for preliminary structural analysis. Finally, new technology was developed to improve the prediction of axial force at angle of attack. These new technologies have been integrated into the 1995 Aeroprediction Code (AP95) and will be transitioned to legitimate users as the 1998 Aeroprediction Code (AP98). To make the AP98 more user friendly, an upgraded pre and postprocessing, personal-computer interface was also developed. The theoretical methods of the AP98 are summarized, and a sample is shown of the comparisons of the AP98 predictions of static aerodynamics for several missile configurations to experimental data. Comparisons of theory and experiment show that the AP98, on average, is at least as good as the AP95 and, in general, may be slightly better. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Weapons Syst Dept,Weapons Integrat Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Weapons Syst Dept,Syst Engn Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Moore, FG (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Weapons Syst Dept,Weapons Integrat Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 36 IS 5 BP 633 EP 645 DI 10.2514/2.3495 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 245VN UT WOS:000083129000003 ER PT J AU Photiadis, DM Houston, BH AF Photiadis, DM Houston, BH TI Anderson localization of vibration on a framed cylindrical shell SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; RIBBED SHELL; IRREGULARITY AB Analysis of the measured response of a near-periodic framed shell to a point force reveals that the higher-order azimuthal modes (n>10) on the shell are significantly localized. A quantitative analysis of the data yielding the spatial attenuation rates, the measured group speeds, and the total measured damping factors for various azimuthal orders is presented. The two principal mechanisms which could account for the spatial attenuation rates, damping and Anderson localization, are investigated.]Predictions based on these,underlying phenomena are obtained and compared with the measurements. The spatial attenuation rates resulting from damping are typically a factor of 2.3 times too small to account for the measurements, while the spatial localization due to irregularity and the data are in reasonable agreement. This evidence, along with the strongly fluctuating nature of the response, indicates that Anderson localization is the dominant mechanism at work in this system. [S0001-4966(99)00209-X]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Photiadis, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 106 IS 3 BP 1377 EP 1391 DI 10.1121/1.427172 PN 1 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 238EW UT WOS:000082698800021 ER PT J AU Overfelt, PL AF Overfelt, PL TI Approximate Bessel-Gauss pulse generated from a disk source moving more slowly than the speed of light SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID MODES AB Assuming a disk source distribution moving in a straight line along the z axis at some velocity slower than the speed of light, an approximate Bessel-Gauss pulse solution to the inhomogeneous wave equation has been determined. This approximate pulse propagates in a specific region of space-time and is a long-time duration or steady-state solution of the inhomogeneous wave equation. The localization properties of this approximate waveform depend on the normalized speed of the source distribution. For source speeds close to the speed of light, the waveform is highly localized. As the source speed decreases, the scaler wave becomes less localized along the direction of propagation. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(99)02109-2] OCIS codes: 000.6800, 260.2110, 350.5500. C1 USN, Ctr Weap, Dept Res, Phys Branch,Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Overfelt, PL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Weap, Dept Res, Phys Branch,Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 16 IS 9 BP 2239 EP 2244 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.16.002239 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 229DV UT WOS:000082179000020 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI Decoupled molecular dynamics of glass-forming liquids confined in nano-meter pores SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on New Frontiers of Thermal Studies of Materials CY OCT 26-27, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP Minist Educ, Minist Sci, Minist Sport & Culture, Mat & Struct Lab, Tokyo Inst Technol, Japan Soc Calorimetry, Tokyo Inst Technol, Thermal Analysis, Tokyo Inst Technol, Soc Promot Calorimetry & Thermal Analysis DE confinement effects; DSC; dynamic light scattering; finite-size effects; glass transition; o-terphenyl ID DEPOLARIZED-LIGHT-SCATTERING; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; COUPLING MODEL; TRANSITION AB Calorimetry is the method first used by Jackson and McKenna to study the effect of finite-size on the molecular dynamics of glass-formers confined in nano-meter scale pores. It was found that the glass transition is shifted to lower temperature as pore size decreases. Since then, other spectroscopic techniques have corroborated this finding and given more information on the molecular dynamics. These results are used to compare with the predictions of several theories of glass transition, and in particular the coupling model of the author. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1418-2874 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 57 IS 3 BP 745 EP 752 DI 10.1023/A:1010169519847 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 256GE UT WOS:000083716900013 ER PT J AU Miller, OF Kane, CJ AF Miller, OF Kane, CJ TI Time to stone passage for observed ureteral calculi: A guide for patient education SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ureter; calculi ID NATURAL-HISTORY; UROLITHIASIS; FREQUENCY AB Purpose: We analyze the natural history of stone passage in patients with ureterolithiasis, and define factors predictive of spontaneous passage. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 patients with ureteral calculi were prospectively followed for stone passage. Clinical data included patient gender and age, stone size and location, pain medication requirements and interval to stone passage. Of the 75 patients 13 (17%) required intervention and 62 (83%) were followed until spontaneous stone passage. Stones requiring intervention were not included in the time to passage analysis. Results: Of the 75 patients 41 (55%) had ureteral stones 2 mm. or smaller with an average time to stone passage of 8.2 days and only 2 (4.8%) required intervention, 18 (24%) had stones between 2 and 4 mm. with an average time to stone passage of 12.2 days and 3 (17%) required intervention, and 16 had stones 4 mm. or greater with an average time to stone passage of 22.1 days and 8 required intervention. For 95% of stones to pass it took 31 days for those 2 mm. or less, 40 days for those 2 to 4 mm. and 39 days for those 4 to 6 mm. Multivariate analysis revealed that size, location and side were statistically related to stone passage interval (p = 0.012). Stones that were smaller, more distal and on the right side were more likely to pass spontaneously and required fewer interventions. Conclusions: Interval to stone passage is highly variable and dependent on stone size, location and side. Degree of pain, and patient gender and age had no bearing on the time to stone passage. Of ureteral stones 95% 2 to 4 mm. pass spontaneously but passage may take as long as 40 days. Intervention may be required in 50% of ureteral calculi greater than 5 mm. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Miller, OF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 10 TC 186 Z9 194 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 162 IS 3 BP 688 EP 690 DI 10.1097/00005392-199909010-00014 PN 1 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 225NE UT WOS:000081967000013 PM 10458343 ER PT J AU Kane, CJ AF Kane, CJ TI Re: Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate to the choroid with loss of visual acuity as a presenting symptom SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Kane, CJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 162 IS 3 BP 809 EP 809 DI 10.1097/00005392-199909010-00064 PN 1 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 225NE UT WOS:000081967000063 PM 10458385 ER PT J AU Metzger, SW Natesan, M Yanavich, C Schneider, J Lee, GU AF Metzger, SW Natesan, M Yanavich, C Schneider, J Lee, GU TI Development and characterization of surface chemistries for microfabricated biosensors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION; POLYETHYLENE; STREPTAVIDIN; TECHNOLOGY; PROTEIN; ESCA AB The high cost and harsh processing conditions associated with microfabricated biosensors demand a new approach to receptor immobilization. We have grafted biotin labeled, 3400 molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon surfaces to produce a dense PEG monolayer with functionally active biotin. These surfaces have been activated with antibodies through the strong streptavidin-biotin interaction by simply incubating the surfaces with antibody-streptavidin conjugates. The stability of the biotinylated PEG monolayers produces a sensing element that can be regenerated by removal of the streptavidin conjugate and stored in a dry state for extended periods of time. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(99)07605-8]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Lee, GU (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6177, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schneider, James/C-4095-2008; Lee, Gil/P-8696-2016 OI Schneider, James/0000-0001-8016-8687; Lee, Gil/0000-0002-7949-5848 NR 22 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 17 IS 5 BP 2623 EP 2628 DI 10.1116/1.581921 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 236JN UT WOS:000082596600031 ER PT J AU Kim, H Horwitz, JS Pique, A Newman, HS Lubitz, P Miller, MM Knies, DL Chrisey, DB AF Kim, H Horwitz, JS Pique, A Newman, HS Lubitz, P Miller, MM Knies, DL Chrisey, DB TI Epitaxial growth of Zn2Y ferrite films by pulsed laser deposition SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HEXAGONAL FERRITE; LINEWIDTH AB Oriented and single phase Ba2Zn2Fe12O22 (Zn2Y) thin films (similar to 5000 Angstrom thick) have been grown using pulsed laser deposition (ArF, 193 nm) on single-crystal (0001) sapphire substrates. A single phase polycrystalline Zn2Y target was used to deposit films. The composition, structure, and morphology of the films; were determined using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy. As a function of substrate temperature (>700 degrees C), films deposited in 200 mTorr of oxygen pressure were found to be deficient in Zn. The Zn deficiency increased with increasing substrate deposition temperature (<900 degrees C). Analysis of the XRD patterns indicated that films deposited from stoichiometric targets were primarily BaFe12O19 (BaM). Compensation of the target with excess Zn changed the structure of the film from BaM to a mixture of phases, i.e., BaM and Zn2Y. Highly oriented and single phase Zn2Y films could be achieved by depositing Zn2Y film onto ZnO (similar to 400 Angstrom) buffered sapphire substrates; Deposited films exhibit an epitaxial relationship of (001)Zn2Y//(001)ZnO//(001)Al2O3. The ferromagnetic resonance derivative linewidth of the Zn2Y film for an in-plane applied field was similar to 310 Oe, which is larger than expected for bulk single crystals. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(99)10405-6]. C1 George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 17 IS 5 BP 3111 EP 3114 DI 10.1116/1.582012 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 236JN UT WOS:000082596600105 ER PT J AU Poddar, SK AF Poddar, SK TI Detection of adenovirus using PCR and molecular beacon SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE PCR; adenovirus; liquid phase hybridization; molecular beacon probe ID POLYMERASE; HYBRIDIZATION; AMPLIFICATION; SPECIMENS; ANTIBODY; VIRUS AB The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a molecular beacon probe were used for the detection of Adenovirus. A 307 bp DNA fragment from a conserved region of the hexon gene was amplified. The specific molecular beacon was characterized with respect to its efficiency of quenching, and signal to noise ratio by spectrofluorometric analysis of its hybridization with virus specfic complementary single stranded oligonucleotide target. Amplification was carried out in the presence of the molecular beacon probe, and the amplified target was detected by measurement of fluorescence signal in the post PCR sample. Separately, a P-32-labeled linear probe (having the same sequence as that of molecular beacon probe) was liquid-phase hybridized with the product of PCR performed in the absence of the molecular beacon. The virus specific target was then detected by electrophoresis of the hybridized product in a nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel and subsequent autoradiographic analysis. The detection limit of adenovirus by PCR in the presence of the molecular beacon probe was found to be similar to that obtained by labeled linear probe hybridization following PCR. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Pediat Pharmacol Res Unit, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Poddar, SK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 13 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD SEP PY 1999 VL 82 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(99)00074-9 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 237ZW UT WOS:000082687300003 PM 10507409 ER PT J AU Rowe, NC AF Rowe, NC TI Precise and efficient retrieval of captioned images: The MARIE project SO LIBRARY TRENDS LA English DT Article AB THE MARIE PROJECT HAS EXPLORED knowledge-based information retrieval of captioned images of the kind found in picture libraries and on the Internet. It exploits the idea that images are easier to understand with context, especially descriptive text near them, but it also does image analysis. The MARIE approach has five parts: (1) find the images and captions; (2) parse and interpret the captions; (3) segment the images into regions of homogeneous characteristics and classify them; (4) correlate caption interpretation with image interpretation using the idea of focus; and (5) optimize query execution at run time. MARIE emphasizes domain-independent methods for portability at the expense of some performance, although some domain specification is still required. Experiments show MARIE prototypes are more accurate than simpler methods, although die task is very challenging and more work is needed. Its processing is illustrated in detail on part of an Internet World Wide Web page. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rowe, NC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Code CS Rp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GSLIS PUBLICATIONS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 501 E DANIEL ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-6211 USA SN 0024-2594 J9 LIBR TRENDS JI Libr. Trends PD FAL PY 1999 VL 48 IS 2 BP 475 EP 495 PG 21 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 275ZB UT WOS:000084849500010 ER PT J AU Bowles, FA Fleischer, P AF Bowles, FA Fleischer, P TI Dewatering of geotextile fabric containers upon impact with the sea floor: Environmental monitoring implications SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ocean dumping; pollution monitoring; pore-water; geotextile fabric AB A permeable geotextile fabric container (GFC), used for containing dredge spoils or sewage sludge, may expel contaminated water after its release due to impact with the sea floor. By extrapolating from reported permeabilities and flow rates for GFC fabrics to expected impact conditions, we demonstrate that mater-filled GFCs may lose 10-30% of their content. Sediment filled GFCs, however, will experience water loss on the order of 0.0024% of total GFC volume as a result of immediate clogging of fabric pores during GFC impact. Thus, any significant release of contaminated water from GFCs will be caused by initial rupture or long-term failure. Monitoring scenarios should focus mainly on these issues. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Seafloor Sci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Seafloor Sci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM fred.bowles@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 38 IS 9 BP 791 EP 794 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00042-9 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 249DY UT WOS:000083318600016 ER PT J AU Harding, JM Carnes, MC Preller, RH Rhodes, R AF Harding, JM Carnes, MC Preller, RH Rhodes, R TI The naval research laboratory role in naval ocean prediction SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MODEL; SYSTEMS C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Harding, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 33 IS 3 BP 67 EP 79 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 255AY UT WOS:000083648400008 ER PT J AU Curtin, TB Harding, J AF Curtin, TB Harding, J TI US navy research in ocean modeling and prediction: A commentary SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Curtin, TB (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 33 IS 3 BP 95 EP 96 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 255AY UT WOS:000083648400012 ER PT J AU Mrstik, BJ Afanas'ev, VV Stesmans, A McMarr, PJ AF Mrstik, BJ Afanas'ev, VV Stesmans, A McMarr, PJ TI Relationship between hole trapping and oxide density in thermally grown SiO2 SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennial Conference on Insulating Films on Semiconductors CY JUN 16-19, 1999 CL KLOSTER BANZ, GERMANY SP Stifterverband Deuts Wissenschaft, European Off Aerospace Res & Dev, Airforce Off Sci Res, U S Air Force Res Lab, Infineon Technol, Wacker Siltronic, IEEE Elect Device Soc ID 100 SILICON; RELAXATION; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; SIO2-FILMS; INTERFACE; DEFECTS AB SiO2 films were grown in dry oxygen on Si (100) substrates at various temperatures, then annealed for various times and temperatures. The density of the oxides was found to depend on the growth temperature, and on the anneal time and temperature. The amount of positive charge trapped in these oxides during vacuum ultraviolet hole injection was found to be inversely related to the oxide density, regardless of how the oxide was prepared. Comparison of the density of trapped holes with the density of E' centers detected by electron spin resonance indicates that E' centers cannot account for most of the trapped positive charge. A model to explain these observations is proposed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Louvain, Dept Phys, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. RP Mrstik, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 48 IS 1-4 BP 143 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0167-9317(99)00357-3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 247ZF UT WOS:000083250300032 ER PT J AU Stahlbush, RE AF Stahlbush, RE TI The effects of radiation-induced defects on H+ transport in SiO2 SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennial Conference on Insulating Films on Semiconductors CY JUN 16-19, 1999 CL KLOSTER BANZ, GERMANY SP Stifterverband Deuts Wissenschaft, European Off Aerospace Res & Dev, Airforce Off Sci Res, U S Air Force Res Lab, Infineon Technol, Wacker Siltronic, IEEE Elect Device Soc ID INTERFACE TRAP FORMATION; OXIDE; FIELD AB The effects of radiation on H+ transport in buried oxides have been studied. Mobile H+ was introduced into the buried oxides in SIMOX and Unibond by hydrogen annealing. The position of the H+ centroid was monitored by rapid point-contact transistor measurements. After irradiation, H+ transit across the oxide is significantly slower. The concentration of mobile H+ in the oxide remains nearly the same after irradiation. The significance of these findings to the contradictions between the radiation and hydrogen-annealing models are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stahlbush, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6816, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 48 IS 1-4 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0167-9317(99)00373-1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 247ZF UT WOS:000083250300048 ER PT J AU Rebohle, L Revesz, AG Skorupa, W Hughes, HL AF Rebohle, L Revesz, AG Skorupa, W Hughes, HL TI Photoluminescence spectra of SIMOX buried oxide layers prepared under various conditions SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennial Conference on Insulating Films on Semiconductors CY JUN 16-19, 1999 CL KLOSTER BANZ, GERMANY SP Stifterverband Deuts Wissenschaft, European Off Aerospace Res & Dev, Airforce Off Sci Res, U S Air Force Res Lab, Infineon Technol, Wacker Siltronic, IEEE Elect Device Soc ID DEFECTS; OXYGEN AB The intensity of photoluminescence (PL) peaks at 4.1 eV (300 nm) and 3.1 eV (400 nm) for the buried oxide (BOX) layer of SIMOX structures is less for triple-implant than for single implant samples and is further reduced in single-implant sample by supplemental oxygen implantation. Heat treatment of samples from which the top Si layer was removed decreases the PL intensity in the ultraviolet (UV) region even further. The behavior of the PL is mainly attributed to oxygen deficiency centers in the surface region of a-Si nanoclusters in the BOX layer. C1 Rossendorf Inc, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Revesz Associates, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rebohle, L (reprint author), Rossendorf Inc, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, POB 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 48 IS 1-4 BP 335 EP 338 DI 10.1016/S0167-9317(99)00399-8 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 247ZF UT WOS:000083250300073 ER PT J AU Zvanut, ME Chun, W Stahlbush, RE AF Zvanut, ME Chun, W Stahlbush, RE TI The effect of confinement and temperature on the initial hole trapping efficiency of buried oxide films SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennial Conference on Insulating Films on Semiconductors CY JUN 16-19, 1999 CL KLOSTER BANZ, GERMANY SP Stifterverband Deuts Wissenschaft, European Off Aerospace Res & Dev, Airforce Off Sci Res, U S Air Force Res Lab, Infineon Technol, Wacker Siltronic, IEEE Elect Device Soc ID ELECTRON; SIMOX; GENERATION; SIO2-FILMS AB Vacuum ultraviolet hole injection was used to study the initial trapping properties of three different types of buried oxides, SIMOX, Unibond, and polySi/SiO2/Si samples. After accounting for the charge centroid, the initial hole trapping efficiency for SIMOX samples is shown to be at least a factor of four greater than that measured for Unibond buried oxides. We suggest that the difference is due to the post fabrication anneal temperature and the lack of moisture in the ambient during the anneal. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zvanut, ME (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 48 IS 1-4 BP 347 EP 350 DI 10.1016/S0167-9317(99)00402-5 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 247ZF UT WOS:000083250300076 ER PT J AU Ritchie, EA Holland, GJ AF Ritchie, EA Holland, GJ TI Large-scale patterns associated with tropical cyclogenesis in the western Pacific SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC; CYCLONES; MONSOON AB Five characteristic, low-level, large-scale dynamical patterns associated with tropical cyclogenesis in the western North Pacific basin are examined along with their capacity to generate the type of mesoscale convective systems that precede genesis. An 8-yr analysis set for the region is used to identify, and create composites for, the five characteristic patterns of monsoon shear line, monsoon confluence region, monsoon gyre, easterly waves, and Rossby energy dispersion. This brings out the common processes that contribute to tropical cyclogenesis within that pattern, which are described in detail. A 3-yr set of satellite data is then used to analyze the mesoscale convective system activity for ail cases of genesis in that period and to stratify based on the above large-scale patterns. It is found that mesoscale convective systems develop in ail cases of genesis except one. Seventy percent of cases developed mesoscale convective systems at more than one time during the genesis period and 44% of cases developed multiple mesoscale convective systems at a single time. Stratification by pattern type indicates some differentiation in mesoscale convective activity and it is inferred that this is due to the large-scale processes. Two of the five patterns, the monsoon shear line and the monsoon confluence region, had more than the average amount of mesoscale convective activity during the genesis period. These patterns also account for 70% of the total genesis events in the 8-yr period. The analysis for the other three patterns exhibit less mesoscale convective system activity during genesis. This may indicate either that genesis processes for these patterns are not as dominated by mesoscale convective system activity, or that genesis occurs more rapidly in these cases. C1 Monash Univ, Ctr Dynam Meteorol & Oceanog, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Bur Meteorol, Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Ritchie, EA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR Ri,589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93949 USA. RI Ritchie, Elizabeth/B-4232-2016 OI Ritchie, Elizabeth/0000-0002-3413-5830 NR 39 TC 148 Z9 172 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 127 IS 9 BP 2027 EP 2043 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<2027:LSPAWT>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240XD UT WOS:000082851600007 ER PT J AU Dorman, CE Rogers, DP Nuss, W Thompson, WT AF Dorman, CE Rogers, DP Nuss, W Thompson, WT TI Adjustment of the summer marine boundary layer around Point Sur, California SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; OCEAN; FLOW AB An instrumented C-130 aircraft hew over water around Point Sur, California, on 17 June 1996 under strong northwest wind conditions and a strong marine inversion. Patterns were flown from 30- to 1200-m elevation and up to 120 km offshore. Nearshore, marine air accelerated past Point Sur, reaching a surface maximum of 17 m s(-1) in the lee. Winds measured over water in and above the marine layer were alongshore with no significant cross-shore flow. Sea level pressure, 10-m air temperature, and air temperature inversion base generally decreased toward the coast and were an absolute minimum just downcoast of the wind speed maximum. The sea surface temperature also decreased toward the coast, but was an absolute minimum directly off Point Sur. The neat: coast, air temperature inversion base height was 400 m north of Point Sur, decreased to a minimum of 50 m in the lee of Point Sur, then increased farther to the south. Wind speeds were at a maximum centered along the air temperature inversion base; the fastest was 27 m s(-1) in the lee of Point Sur. Using a Froude number calculation that includes the lower half of the capping layer, the marine layer in the area is determined to have been supercritical. Most of the marine layer had Froude numbers between 1.0 and 2.0 with the extreme range of 0.8-2.8, Temperatures in the air temperature inversion in the lee were substantially greater than elsewhere, modifying the surface pressure gradient. The overall structure was a hydraulic supercritical expansion fan in the lee of Point Sur under the influence of rotation and surface friction. The Naval Research Laboratory nonhydrostatic Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) indicated a broad, supercritical marine boundary layer moving to the south along central California and Point Sur during the aircraft flight. The marine boundary layer thinned and accelerated into the lee of Point Sur, which was the site of the fastest sea Level wind speed along central California. Isotherms dip and speeds decreased in the lee of Point Sur in the capping inversion well above the marine layer. COAMPS forecasted a compression shock wave initiating off the upwind side of the topography behind Point Sur and other coastal points to the north. Evidence from the model and the aircraft supports the existence of an oblique hydraulic jump on the north side of Paint Sur. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Phys Oceanog Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dorman, CE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Phys Oceanog Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 14 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 127 IS 9 BP 2143 EP 2159 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<2143:AOTSMB>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240XD UT WOS:000082851600013 ER PT J AU Rebuli, DB Aggerholm, P Butler, JE Connell, SH Derry, TE Doyle, BP Maclear, RD Sellschop, JPF Sideras-Haddad, E AF Rebuli, DB Aggerholm, P Butler, JE Connell, SH Derry, TE Doyle, BP Maclear, RD Sellschop, JPF Sideras-Haddad, E TI Oxygen surface studies in ultra-thin diamond using a resonance reaction and transmission channelled Rutherford forward scattering SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Nuclear Microprobe Technology and Applications CY OCT 11-16, 1998 CL CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA SP Natl Accelerator Ctr, Nucl Microprobe Unit, Schonland Res Ctr Nucl Sci, DE channelling; transmission; diamond; oxygen AB Polished low-index diamond planes are often taken to be hydrogen terminated. Previous work has shown a partial monolayer of oxygen on the surface. We have made use of the O-16(alpha, alpha)O-16 resonance at 3.045 MeV to study the oxygen on the diamond surface with increased sensitivity. With a method fdr producing ultra-thin diamonds, new research in diamond is possible. Ultra-thin diamonds were made by damaging thick diamonds with MeV carbon ions, annealing the damage out of the surface region leaving a graphitised (Bragg peak) layer below, and electrochemical etching with de-ionised water. This produced a few mu m thick and a few mm diameter sized samples. Transmission channelling, with a 4 MeV alpha-microbeam was used to determine the position of the surface oxygen on a (1 0 0) oriented diamond. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Witwatersrand, Schonland Res Ctr Nucl Sci, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rebuli, DB (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Schonland Res Ctr Nucl Sci, Private Bag 3, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Connell, Simon/F-2962-2015 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Connell, Simon/0000-0001-6000-7245 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 1999 VL 158 IS 1-4 BP 701 EP 705 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(99)00365-1 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 255JX UT WOS:000083666700115 ER PT J AU Orlin, PA Perkins, AL AF Orlin, PA Perkins, AL TI A frequency accurate r(th) order spatial derivative finite difference approximation SO NUMERICAL METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article DE frequency accurate methods; finite difference approximations ID SCHEMES; FLOW AB A method for the specification and design of finite difference spatial derivative approximations of general order r is presented. The method uses a difference polynomial with undetermined coefficients. Spatial frequency domain-based criteria, which include phase velocity, group velocity, and dissipation requirements at a priori selected spatial frequencies, are used to find the appropriate coefficient values. The method is formulated as an optimal design problem but is pursued heuristically. The general derivative approximation and the design method are suitable for use in more general design problems involving finite difference schemes for linear and nonlinear partial differential equations. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Orlin, PA (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS39522,506 Jeff Davis Ave, Waveland, MS 39576 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0749-159X J9 NUMER METH PART D E JI Numer. Meth. Part Differ. Equ. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5 BP 569 EP 580 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2426(199909)15:5<569::AID-NUM4>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 229HT UT WOS:000082188900004 ER PT J AU Bigham, WJ Stanley, P Cahill, JM Curran, RW Perry, AC AF Bigham, WJ Stanley, P Cahill, JM Curran, RW Perry, AC TI Fibrovascular ingrowth in porous ocular implants: The effect of material composition, porosity, growth factors, and coatings SO OPHTHALMIC PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID CORALLINE HYDROXYAPATITE; INFECTION; RABBITS; BFGF AB Purpose: Fibrovascular ingrowth into various porous ocular implants as a function of implant material composition, porosity, growth factors, and coatings was investigated in a pilot study in an animal model. Methods: Eighty-one New Zealand white rabbits underwent unilateral enucleation and implantation with ocular implants composed of the following materials: coralline hydroxyapatite (HA) with 200-mu m pores (HA200) or 500-mu m pores (HA500), synthetic HA (synHA), and high-density porous polyethylene (PP). The HA200, HA500, and PP implants were implanted untreated or after treatment with recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (Rh-bFGF). Nine HA500 implants were implanted after coating with calcium sulfate (plaster of Paris) to provide a smooth outer surface. Implants were harvested at 1-, 2-, 4-, or 8-week intervals and were examined histologically. Results: A significant difference was found between untreated HA500 and PP, with PP showing better ingrowth. There was no significant difference between unheated HA and PP, nor between untreated HA500 and synHA. Significant increases in ingrowth were found in HA200 compared with HA500, and in Rh-bFGF-treated implants compared with unheated controls. The calcium sulfate-coated implants showed less vascularization compared with the uncoated implants, although the difference was not significant. Conclusions: Fibrovascular ingrowth occurred earlier in HA200 implants than in HA500 implants, and was enhanced when implants were treated with Rh-bFGF. C1 USN Med Corps, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Bigham, WJ (reprint author), USN Med Corps, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 23 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0740-9303 J9 OPHTHALMIC PLAST REC JI Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5 BP 317 EP 325 DI 10.1097/00002341-199909000-00004 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 236VY UT WOS:000082621000004 PM 10511211 ER PT J AU Lim, AAT Wall, MP Greinwald, JH AF Lim, AAT Wall, MP Greinwald, JH TI Effects of dimethylthiourea, melatonin, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the survival of reimplanted rabbit auricular composite grafts SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 101st Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 07-10, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg ID ISLAND SKIN FLAPS; SUCCESSFUL REPLANTATION; FREE-RADICALS; VASORELAXING ACTION; POCKET PRINCIPLE; TISSUE-INJURY; SEVERED EAR; RATS; REATTACHMENT; ENHANCEMENT AB Microvascular reconstruction currently offers the best chance of survival for an ear segment re-implanted after amputation. Unfortunately, this technique is possible only when ear and scalp vessels remain intact. Direct reattachment of the amputated segment as a composite graft is less reliable because survival is poor for grafts larger than 2 cm in diameter. However, if survival could be improved, direct reattachment would be an attractive alternative in situations in which microsurgical revascularization is not possible. Certain pharmacologic agents have been shown to enhance the survival of composite grafts. This study demonstrated that hyperbaric oxygen, dimethylthiourea, and melatonin significantly affected the survival of reimplanted auricular composite grafts at day 7. However, by day 21 the average percentage of survival for all groups approached 13% to 14%. Dimethylthiourea had the most beneficial effect on survival early in the postoperative period, whereas the hyperbaric oxygen group demonstrated the poorest survival. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Lim, AAT (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 121 IS 3 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.1016/S0194-5998(99)70177-4 PG 7 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 233PY UT WOS:000082436300012 PM 10471863 ER PT J AU Gillingham, B Polston, G Hannon, T McKinlay, S McCullen, G AF Gillingham, B Polston, G Hannon, T McKinlay, S McCullen, G TI Multicomponent pheresis and autologous platelet gel in adolescent spinal surgery SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. St Vincents Hosp, Indianapolis, IN USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1999 VL 104 IS 3 BP 708 EP 709 PN 3 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 243LR UT WOS:000082999600122 ER PT J AU Jacobs, VL Filuk, AB AF Jacobs, VL Filuk, AB TI Angular distribution and polarization of atomic radiative emission in electric and magnetic fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; RAY-LINE EMISSION; CIRCULAR-POLARIZATION; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; DENSITY-MATRIX; ION DIODE; TRANSITIONS; EXCITATION; STATES; BEAM AB A density-matrix approach has been developed for the angular distribution and polarization of radiative emission during single-photon atomic transitions for a general set of steady-state excitation processes in an arbitrary arrangement of static (or quasistatic) electric and magnetic fields. Particular attention has been directed at spectroscopic observations in the intense fields of the high-power ion diodes: on the Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II. (PBFA II) and SABRE devices at Sandia National Laboratories and at magnetic-field measurements in tokamak plasmas. The field-dependent atomic eigenstates are represented as expansions in a complete basis set of field-free bound and continuum eigenstates. Particular emphasis has been given to directed-electron collisional excitations, which may be produced by an anisotropic incident-electron velocity distribution. We have allowed for the possibility of the coherent excitation of the nearly degenerate field-dependent atomic substates, which can give rise to a complex spectral pattern of overlapping Stark-Zeeman components. Coherent excitations may be produced by a beam of electrons that are spin-polarized at an angle with respect to the propagation direction or by nonparallel electric and magnetic fields. Our main result is a general expression for the matrix elements of the photon-polarization density operator representing the total intensity, angular distribution, and polarization of the atomic radiative emission. For the observation of radiative emission in the direction of the magnetic field, the detection of linearly polarized emission, in addition to the usual circularly polarized radiation, can reveal the presence of a perpendicular electric field or a coherent excitation mechanism. [S1050-2947(99)07108-5]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Ion Beam Generat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jacobs, VL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390-2, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 1999 VL 60 IS 3 BP 1975 EP 1987 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.1975 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 235YF UT WOS:000082570900035 ER PT J AU Dragulescu, A Yakovenko, VM Singh, DJ AF Dragulescu, A Yakovenko, VM Singh, DJ TI Theory of angular magnetoresistance oscillations in Tl2Ba2CuO6 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-STATE; FERMI-SURFACE; MAGNETOTRANSPORT; CONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT; FIELD AB Using the calculated electron energy-band structure of Tl2Ba2CuO6, we compute the dependence of the c-axis magnetoresistance on the orientation of the magnetic field for different magnitudes of the magnetic field. We explain the known experimental results for the in-plane rotation of the magnetic field and predict the shape of the magnetoresistance oscillations for the out-of-plane rotations of the magnetic field. We show hew the latter oscillations can, in the limit of weak c-axis tunneling, be utilized to reconstruct the shape of the Fermi surface and to study the coherence of interplane electron tunneling. [S0163-1829(99)13233-8]. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dragulescu, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Yakovenko, Victor/A-7559-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012; OI Yakovenko, Victor M./0000-0003-3754-1794 NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 9 BP 6312 EP 6315 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.6312 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 235YA UT WOS:000082570400038 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM Federici, JF Tidrow, SC Wilber, W Kim, J Pique, A AF Bubb, DM Federici, JF Tidrow, SC Wilber, W Kim, J Pique, A TI Wavelength and photon dose dependence of infrared quenched persistent photoconductivity in YBa2CU3O6+x SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINDUCED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; TL2BA2CA1-XGDXCU2O8; LA2-XSRXCUO4; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS AB Infrared quenched persistent photoconductivity (PPC) is studied as a function of;wavelength and photon dose in order to investigate a defect, structure which may be responsible for PPC in YBa2Cu3O6+x. It is found that the magnitude of IR quenching saturates quickly as function of visible photon dose, long before the PPC effect saturates. The wavelength dependence is essentially linear below 1.3 eV and saturates above. The photon dose dependence of IR quenching indicates behavior which cannot be explained using a purely oxygen ordering model for PPC. [S0163-1829(99)03633-4]. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bubb, DM (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM dmb8027@megahertz.njit.edu RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 9 BP 6827 EP 6833 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.6827 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 235YA UT WOS:000082570400106 ER PT J AU Friedman, PD Katz, J AF Friedman, PD Katz, J TI The flow and mixing mechanisms caused by the impingement of an immiscible interface with a vertical jet SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY INTERFACE; LIQUID JET; SURFACE AB This paper summarizes a series of experiments to determine the effects of impinging a water and diesel fuel interface with a water jet. Four distinct flow regimes and associated mixing mechanisms were identified as primarily a function of an interface Richardson number, Ri(i) and to a lesser extent the Reynolds number, Re. In flow regime 1, which occurred at Ri(i)> 15, the jet impinged the interface and formed a slight deformation. Flow behaved similarly to a jet impinging a solid boundary and no mixing was observed. Regime 2 occurred at 15 > Ri(i)> 1.1. With decreasing Ri(i), the interfacial deformation became taller and steeper and a flow separation developed at its edge. Mixing resulted from the formation of a fuel lip at the flow separation point. In regime 3, which occurred at Ri(i)< 1.1, the water jet penetrated deeply into the fuel layer causing an unstable deformation that successively collapsed and reformed. Mixing resulted from the impact of the collapsing deformation. Finally, in regime 4, the jet's momentum was sufficient to impact the solid boundary at the top of the fuel layer, creating a cloud of water droplets. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-6631(99)04408-6]. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture Ocean & Marine Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Friedman, PD (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture Ocean & Marine Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Katz, Joseph/A-7624-2010 OI Katz, Joseph/0000-0001-9067-2473 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD SEP PY 1999 VL 11 IS 9 BP 2598 EP 2606 DI 10.1063/1.870122 PG 9 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 224NW UT WOS:000081906000017 ER PT J AU Handler, RA Saylor, JR Leighton, RI Rovelstad, AL AF Handler, RA Saylor, JR Leighton, RI Rovelstad, AL TI Transport of a passive scalar at a shear-free boundary in fully developed turbulent open channel flow SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID GAS-LIQUID INTERFACE; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; FREE-SURFACE; MASS-TRANSFER; STREAK FORMATION; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; LAYER; EXCHANGE; MOTIONS; HEAT AB Direct numerical simulations of fully developed turbulence in an open channel geometry were performed in which a passive scalar was introduced. The simulations were intended to explore transport at free surfaces in two cases for which (1) the free surface was maintained at constant temperature and (2) the interfacial flux was fixed. These cases can be considered models for mass and evaporative heat transport where buoyancy and surface deformation effects are negligible. Significant differences were found in the thermal fields in these two cases. The turbulent statistics reveal that the surface flux in the constant temperature case was significantly more intermittent compared to the surface temperature field in the constant flux case. The surface temperature field in the latter case formed large patches of warm fluid, reminiscent of the so-called fish scale patterns revealed in recent infrared imagery of the air-water interface. The wake-like structure of the patches was evident despite the absence of surface shear. A model of surface renewal based on the existence of two disparate time scales (a fast hydrodynamic scale, and a slow, diffusional scale) was introduced to explain these differences in a heuristic manner. The model appears successful in explaining, in a qualitative sense, the surface thermal structure in each case. Correlations between the surface thermal fields (flux or temperature) and the subsurface hydrodynamics were also computed. A model based on the hypothesis that hairpin eddies are the dominant kinematic structure responsible for surface renewal is consistent with the correlations. However, these results cannot rule out the importance of other turbulent structures in free surface heat and mass transport processes. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-6631(99)00309-8]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Handler, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 46 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD SEP PY 1999 VL 11 IS 9 BP 2607 EP 2625 DI 10.1063/1.870123 PG 19 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 224NW UT WOS:000081906000018 ER PT J AU Freund, HP AF Freund, HP TI Nonlinear theory of helix traveling wave tubes in the frequency domain SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-THEORY; AMPLIFIER AB A nonlinear helix traveling wave tube (TWT) analysis in the frequency domain is presented for a sheath helix surrounded by a conducting wall. Dielectric- and vane-loading of the helix are included as is circuit tapering and external focusing by either a solenoid or a field produced by a periodic permanent magnet (PPM) stack. The electromagnetic field is treated as a superposition of waves where the amplitudes and phases vary slowly in z. The field equations are solved in conjunction with the three-dimensional Lorentz force equations for an ensemble of electrons. Beam space-charge waves are included using a superposition of solutions of the Helmholtz equation. The dc (direct current) self-fields of the beam are also included. The simulation is compared with linear theory as well as a time-domain simulation, each of which is applied to an example of a tube built at Northrop-Grumman Corp. The frequency- and time-domain simulations are in substantial agreement. The advantage of the frequency-domain formulation is a shorter run time than for the time-domain simulation. Hence, the frequency-domain simulation can more easily treat beam thermal effects and multiple waves with closely spaced frequencies. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)03009-8]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Freund, HP (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 1999 VL 6 IS 9 BP 3633 EP 3646 DI 10.1063/1.873622 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 228CC UT WOS:000082117800026 ER PT J AU Ottinger, PF Rose, DV Oliver, BV AF Ottinger, PF Rose, DV Oliver, BV TI Equilibria for intense ion beam transport in low-pressure gas or vacuum SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FOCUSED REGIME; PROPAGATION; SIMULATION; FUSION AB Two fluid equilibrium solutions for intense ion beam transport in low-pressure gas or vacuum are derived. The equilibria that are most relevant to beam transport have neutralizing electrons drifting in the same direction as the beam. These solutions require a small net positive charge within the beam channel to support an equilibrium radial electric field to allow the electrons to ExB drift axially. At the extremes of the domain of allowable solutions this electric field approaches zero and complete charge neutrality is achieved. In this case, two solutions are obtained. The first describes ballistic beam transport with complete neutralization of the beam current by the electrons, and the second describes pinched beam transport with no neutralizing electron current. Equilibria between these two extremes exhibit both a small net positive charge within the beam channel and partial current neutralization. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)04009-4]. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. JAYCOR, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Ottinger, PF (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 1999 VL 6 IS 9 BP 3717 EP 3720 DI 10.1063/1.873634 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 228CC UT WOS:000082117800035 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB Digiuseppe, R Ulven, J AF Johnson, WB Digiuseppe, R Ulven, J TI Albert Ellis as mentor: National survey results SO PSYCHOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOLOGY AB As the founder of Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), Albert Ellis is among the most prolific and influential psychotherapists of all time, He has personally trained and supervised hundreds of therapists at his Institute in New York and annually provides didactic instruction for thousands more, Ellis is often described as cold, aloof, and abrasive interpersonally. He generally has little time for relationships, devoting most of his time to writing, training, and seeing clients. Because eminent psychologists are usually described as effective mentors (Kinnier, Metha, Buki, & Rawa, 1994), and because mentoring generally requires the presence of a relationship, a survey of all Fellows and Associate Fellows of the Institute was done to determine whether Albert Ellis has mentored junior psychotherapists irt the field. Seventy-five percent of the sample (N = 150) reported that Ellis had been a personal mentor. This article describes the survey findings and implications for commonly, held views about Ellis. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. St Johns Univ, Jamaica, NY 11439 USA. George Fox Univ, Newberg, OR 97132 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. OI DiGiuseppe, Raymond/0000-0003-2206-6361 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC, DIV PSYCHOTHERAPY PI CORAL GABLES PA 1390 SOUTH DIXIE HIGHWAY, STE 2222, CORAL GABLES, FL 33146-2946 USA SN 0033-3204 J9 PSYCHOTHERAPY JI Psychotherapy PD FAL PY 1999 VL 36 IS 3 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.1037/h0087649 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 337AG UT WOS:000088334700011 ER PT J AU Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Nezhevenko, OA AF Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Nezhevenko, OA TI Compact all-metal high-vacuum gate valve for microwave tube research SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB A manually operated all-metal high-vacuum bakable gate valve is described that is designed to attach between an electron gun and an experimental high-power microwave tube. It is designed with a minimal radial extent in order to fit within the 20 cm bore of a magnet that encloses the microwave tube. It also provides a continuous cylindrical metal boundary condition for the electron beam. The valve is used to maintain the electron gun vacuum when the remainder of the tube is brought up to atmospheric pressure for modifications. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(99)02709-4]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sachs Freeman Associates Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. Omega P Inc, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Gold, SH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 70 IS 9 BP 3770 EP 3773 DI 10.1063/1.1149991 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 231CK UT WOS:000082289200045 ER PT J AU Mott, PH Roland, CM AF Mott, PH Roland, CM TI Ozone detection by crack-induced opacity in rubber SO RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB initially transparent polybutadiene develops micron-sized surface cracks when stretched and exposed ro ozone. The consequent reduction in the transparency of the rubber provides a facile method for quantifying the ambient ozone concentration. The rate at which opacity develops is linearly dependent on the amount of ozone, and increases with increasing strain. This method of detecting atmospheric ozone has high sensitivity (1 ppb), a broad dynamic range, and is unaffected by the presence of other chemicals. The surface morphology of exposed material can be interpreted in terms of crack nucleation and growth. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6126, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC PI AKRON PA RUBBER DIV UNIV AKRON PO BOX 499, AKRON, OH 44309-0499 USA SN 0035-9475 J9 RUBBER CHEM TECHNOL JI Rubber Chem. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 72 IS 4 BP 769 EP 778 DI 10.5254/1.3538833 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 273WN UT WOS:000084732500016 ER PT J AU Lambert, DN Walter, DJ Young, DC Griffin, SR Benjamin, KC AF Lambert, DN Walter, DJ Young, DC Griffin, SR Benjamin, KC TI Acoustic sediment classification developments SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. Omni Technol Inc, Kenner, LA USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Lambert, DN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 40 IS 9 BP 35 EP + PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 243ED UT WOS:000082983300005 ER PT J AU Shirron, JJ Zwillinger, D AF Shirron, JJ Zwillinger, D TI Standard math interactive. SO SIAM REVIEW LA English DT Software Review C1 SFA Inc, Naval Res Lab, Largo, MD 20772 USA. RP Shirron, JJ (reprint author), SFA Inc, Naval Res Lab, Largo, MD 20772 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1445 J9 SIAM REV JI SIAM Rev. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 41 IS 3 BP 628 EP 630 PG 3 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 243AF UT WOS:000082974400010 ER PT J AU Bei, M Ng, J Slack, R Ellis, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK AF Bei, M Ng, J Slack, R Ellis, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK TI The relative frequencies of HLA-A*10 alleles in five major United States ethnic populations SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE HLA-A; DNA-based typing; polymorphism; serology ID HLA CLASS-I; MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; HLA-A10 GROUP; SEQUENCES; DONOR; ASSOCIATION; SPLITS; LOCUS; GENE; DNA AB The frequency of each A*10 allele was determined in 5 major United States ethnic populations randomly selected from a poor containing 82,979 unrelated individuals The phenotype frequency of A10 was 10.5% in Caucasians, 14.0% in African-Americans, 21.1% in Asians/Pacific Islanders, 10.6% in Hispanics, and 9.8% in Native Americans. Fifty-nine individuals who had at least one A10-antigen were randomly chosen from each ethnic group for polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP) typing. Thirteen of sixteen known A10 alleles were identified in this pool. The most common alleles observed were: A*2601 in Caucasians (55%), Hispanics (58%), and Native Americans (45%); A*3402 in African-Americans (34%); and A*3401 in Asians/Pacific Islanders (61%), The African-American and Asian/Pacific Islander populations differ from all other populations in the distribution of A*10 alleles, particularly, A*2601, A*3401, and A*3402. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, E404 Res Bldg,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P30-CA-51008] NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD SEP PY 1999 VL 54 IS 3 BP 295 EP 299 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0039.1999.540314.x PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 240DV UT WOS:000082811300014 PM 10519370 ER PT J AU Fogt, N Mowell, TA AF Fogt, N Mowell, TA TI The effect of slant on visuomotor localization SO VISION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE visuomotor; localization; slant; extraretinal ID PERCEIVED EYE LEVEL; VISUAL-FIELD; PERCEPTION; PITCH; MISLOCALIZATIONS; ELEVATION; SIGNALS; MODEL AB Visuomotor localization in the presence of slant was measured. Five subjects pointed at the center LED of an array of five LEDs viewed monocularly. Pointing was open-loop. The LEDs were separated by 1.5. 3.0, or 4.5 cm. The array was rotated about a vertical axis coincident with the center LED to slant the array from - 50 degrees to + 50 degrees. LED separation had no effect. A small linear relationship was found between errors in localization and slant (slope = - 0.02). The errors were as expected if the perceived straight ahead was in the direction of the normal to the surface, but these errors were so small as to be functionally insignificant. It is concluded that extraretinal eye position information dominates over slant for visuomotor localization. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Optometry, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Fogt, N (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Optometry, 338 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-6989 J9 VISION RES JI Vision Res. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 39 IS 18 BP 3083 EP 3094 DI 10.1016/S0042-6989(99)00067-X PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA 220JD UT WOS:000081661000010 PM 10664806 ER PT J AU Cutler, TL Swann, DE AF Cutler, TL Swann, DE TI Using remote photography in wildlife ecology: a review SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE behavior; camera; feeding; infrared; inventory; nesting; photography; population size; predation; time-lapse ID GROUND-NEST PREDATORS; TRAILMASTER(R) CAMERA SYSTEM; CHICKADEES PARUS-GAMBELI; RAIN-FOREST MAMMALS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; ARTIFICIAL NESTS; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; FEEDING ECOLOGY; INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR; MOUNTAIN CHICKADEE AB with the increasing popularity of remote photography in wildlife research, a large variety of equipment and methods is available to researchers. To evaluate advantages and disadvantages of using various types of equipment for different study objectives, we reviewed 107 papers that used either time-lapse or animal-triggered photography to study vertebrates in the field. Remote photography was used primarily to study avian nest predation, feeding ecology, and nesting behavior; additional applications included determining activity patterns, presence-absence monitoring, and estimating population parameters. Using time-lapse equipment is most appropriate when animals occur frequently in the photographic frame, the activity of interest occurs repeatedly, or no distinct event occurs to trigger a camera. In contrast, animal-triggered (light or mechanically triggered) systems are appropriate when events occur infrequently or unpredictably and there is a great likelihood that a trigger will be activated. Remote photography can be less time consuming, costly, and invasive than traditional research methods for many applications. However, researchers should be prepared to invest time and money troubleshooting problems with remote camera equipment, be aware of potential effects of equipment on animal behavior, and recognize the limitations of data collected with remote photography equipment. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Cutler, TL (reprint author), USN, SW Div Facilities Engn Command, 1220 Pacific Highway, San Diego, CA 92132 USA. NR 110 TC 184 Z9 212 U1 13 U2 123 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 27 IS 3 BP 571 EP 581 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 264GZ UT WOS:000084173500008 ER PT J AU Thompson, PE Hobart, KD Twigg, ME Jernigan, GG Dillon, TE Rommel, SL Berger, PR Simons, DS Chi, PH Lake, R Seabaugh, AC AF Thompson, PE Hobart, KD Twigg, ME Jernigan, GG Dillon, TE Rommel, SL Berger, PR Simons, DS Chi, PH Lake, R Seabaugh, AC TI Si resonant interband tunnel diodes grown by low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SILICON AB Si resonant interband tunnel diodes that demonstrate negative differential resistance at room temperature, with peak-to-valley current ratios greater than 2, are presented. The structures were grown using low-temperature (320 degrees C) molecular-beam epitaxy followed by a postgrowth anneal. After a 650 degrees C, 1 min rapid thermal anneal, the average peak-to-valley current ratio was 2.05 for a set of seven adjacent diodes. The atomic distribution profiles of the as-grown and annealed structures were obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Based on these measurements, the band structure was modeled and current-voltage trends were predicted. These diodes are compatible with transistor integration. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)01935-X]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Raytheon Syst Co, Appl Res Lab, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. RP Thompson, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Seabaugh, Alan/I-4473-2012; Rommel, Sean/F-9654-2013; Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Seabaugh, Alan/0000-0001-6907-4129; Rommel, Sean/0000-0001-5996-0813; Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 30 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 9 BP 1308 EP 1310 DI 10.1063/1.124677 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 228BV UT WOS:000082117000041 ER PT J AU Rajagopal, AK Abe, S AF Rajagopal, AK Abe, S TI Implications of form invariance to the structure of nonextensive entropies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; THERMOSTATISTICS; THERMODYNAMICS; PHYSICS; SYSTEMS AB The form invariance of the statement of the maximum entropy principle and the metric structure in quantum density matrix theory, when generalized to nonextensive situations, is shown here to determine the structure of the nonextensive entropies. This limits the range of the nonextensivity parameter q to (0, 1) so as to pr-serve the concavity of the entropies. The Tsallis entropy is thereby found to be appropriately renormalized. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Chiba 2748501, Japan. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 30 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 9 BP 1711 EP 1714 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.1711 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 230GC UT WOS:000082242600003 ER PT J AU Moody, JD MacGowan, BJ Glenzer, SH Kirkwood, RK Kruer, WL Schmitt, AJ Williams, EA Stone, GF AF Moody, JD MacGowan, BJ Glenzer, SH Kirkwood, RK Kruer, WL Schmitt, AJ Williams, EA Stone, GF TI First measurement of short length-scale density fluctuations in a large laser plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; BEAM; FILAMENTATION; WAVES AB The technique of near forward laser scattering is used for the first time in an ignition-relevant laser plasma to obtain a background and laser driven fluctuation spectrum. The fluctuations cause beam spray which can affect the symmetry in an inertial confinement fusion experiment. These results provide a benchmark for developing numerical models of beam spray. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moody, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 30 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 9 BP 1783 EP 1786 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.1783 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 230GC UT WOS:000082242600021 ER PT J AU Erwin, SC Baski, AA Whitman, LJ Rudd, RE AF Erwin, SC Baski, AA Whitman, LJ Rudd, RE TI Frenkel-Kontorova model of vacancy-line interactions on Ga/Si(112) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GE AB We develop an exactly solvable microscopic model for analyzing the strain-mediated interaction of vacancy lines in a pseudomorphic adsorbate system. The model is applied to Ga/Si(112) by extracting values for the microscopic parameters from total-energy calculations. The results, which are in good agreement with experimental observations, reveal an unexpectedly complex interplay between compressive and tensile strain within the mixed Ga-Si surface layer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. RP Erwin, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011; OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174; Baski, Alison/0000-0002-8985-8067 NR 7 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 30 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 9 BP 1818 EP 1821 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.1818 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 230GC UT WOS:000082242600030 ER PT J AU Nedoluha, GE Bevilacqua, RM Gomez, RM Hicks, BC Russell, JM AF Nedoluha, GE Bevilacqua, RM Gomez, RM Hicks, BC Russell, JM TI Measurements of middle atmospheric water vapor from low latitudes and midlatitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, 1995-1998 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; HALOE; PROFILES; OZONE AB We present middle atmospheric water vapor measurements made at 22 GHz using two Naval Research Laboratory Water Vapor Millimeter-wave Spectrometers (WVMS2 and WVMS3). We include measurements from an intercomparison campaign at Table Mountain, California (34.4 degrees N, 242.3 degrees E), and measurements obtained since March 1996 from Table Mountain and from Mauna Loa, Hawaii (19.5 degrees N, 204.4 degrees E). The mesospheric data from Mauna Loa show both a mixing ratio peak at a higher altitude and smaller seasonal variations than those from the WVMS instrument at Table Mountain. These differences are qualitatively consistent with the changes in mixing ratio and the increase in mesospheric variability expected with decreasing latitude. The latitudinal variation in the mixing ratio profile observed in the WVMS data is very similar to that observed by the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. The WVMS measurements generally show higher water vapor mixing ratios than HALOE does in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere but smaller mixing ratios in the upper mesosphere. The winter of 1997-1998 shows an unusually large decrease in mesospheric water vapor, a result that is consistent with measurements from HALOE throughout the Northern Hemisphere for this winter. There appears to be a slight overall decrease in water vapor for all seasons over the period of the WVMS observations from Mauna Loa. The relatively small seasonal variations, combined with the small amount of tropospheric water vapor above Mauna Loa, make this an ideal site for the monitoring of multiyear trends in water vapor. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7227, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nedoluha@wvms.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D16 BP 19257 EP 19266 DI 10.1029/1999JD900419 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 230CY UT WOS:000082235300018 ER PT J AU Manos, P Pancrazio, JJ Coulombe, MG Ma, W Stenger, DA AF Manos, P Pancrazio, JJ Coulombe, MG Ma, W Stenger, DA TI Characterization of rat spinal cord neurons cultured in defined media on microelectrode arrays SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE defined media; extracellular recording; immunocytochemistry; longevity; microelectrode array; serum-free media; spinal cord; cultured neurons ID SERUM-FREE MEDIUM; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; CREATINE-KINASE; ASTROCYTES; BRAIN; OLIGODENDROCYTES; MICROSCOPY; SURVIVAL; NETWORKS AB Previous efforts to utilize mammalian spinal cord neurons as biosensor elements have relied on neuronal: glial cocultures maintained in serum-containing media. We have examined the feasibility of culturing primary spinal cord neurons in serum-free medium, modified for neuronal longevity, on fabricated microelectrode arrays. Embryonic day 15 rat spinal cord cells were plated on trimethoxysilyl-propyldiethylenetriamine coated microelectrode arrays comprised of gold recording sites passivated with silicon nitride. Immunocytochemistry was performed to verify the presence of neurons and quantitatively assess astrocytes using antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein on the silicon nitride substrates. Modifications to culture media enabled viable neuronal culture to extend from approximately 14 days in vitro (DIV) to 40 DIV on the arrays containing only 1.1 +/- 0.5% (mean +/- SEM) astrocytes. Extracellular recording revealed tetrodotoxin-sensitive spontaneous electrical activity from the enriched neuronal culture. Threshold detection of extracellular potentials showed an increase in spike rate as a function of glutamate concentration with neurotoxicity at elevated levels. This approach suggests that functional measures related to biosensor applications, pharmacological screening, or the evaluation of neurological disease models can be implemented in a defined culture system. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stenger, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD AUG 27 PY 1999 VL 271 IS 3 BP 179 EP 182 DI 10.1016/S0304-3940(99)00520-0 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 237ML UT WOS:000082660100011 PM 10507698 ER PT J AU Braier, NC AF Braier, NC TI Density-functional studies of disaccharide complexes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 248-ORGN BP U85 EP U85 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034000249 ER PT J AU Chapman, RD Fronabarger, JW Wilson, WS Merwin, LH Ostrom, GS AF Chapman, RD Fronabarger, JW Wilson, WS Merwin, LH Ostrom, GS TI Observations on the practicality of nitroazines as energetic materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Ctr Weapons Div, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Pacific Sci Energet Mat Co, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 49-ORGN BP U22 EP U22 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034000050 ER PT J AU Collins, GE Lu, Q AF Collins, GE Lu, Q TI Metal-ion analysis using fluorophore-tagged metal complexation ligands and the "laboratory-on-a-chip." SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 122-NUCL BP U1064 EP U1064 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033903187 ER PT J AU Galoppini, E Gilardi, R Guo, WZ AF Galoppini, E Gilardi, R Guo, WZ TI Weak hydrogen bonding between acetylenic groups: The formation of diamondoid nets. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rutgers State Univ, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 281-ORGN BP U95 EP U95 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034000282 ER PT J AU Harrison, JA Tutein, AB Stuart, SJ AF Harrison, JA Tutein, AB Stuart, SJ TI Molecular dynamics investigation of the atomic-scale friction of hydrocarbon self-assembled monolayers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 160-COLL BP U445 EP U445 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901353 ER PT J AU Hoffman, JD Armistead, JP AF Hoffman, JD Armistead, JP TI Regime I, II, and III for a linear polyethylene fraction m=70,300: Test of nucleation theory. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 78-PMSE BP U625 EP U625 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034001874 ER PT J AU Lomax, JF Dillner, DK Streib, MA AF Lomax, JF Dillner, DK Streib, MA TI Midshipman on-line laboratory system: A web-published laboratory manual with CGI-based feedback of analysis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, 27th Co, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 183-CHED BP U293 EP U293 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033900833 ER PT J AU Lomax, JF Dillner, DK Streib, MA AF Lomax, JF Dillner, DK Streib, MA TI Construction of the Midshipman On-line Laboratory System: Web-based analysis and feedback structure. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 118-CHED BP U272 EP U272 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033900768 ER PT J AU Markowitz, MA Kust, PR Deng, G Gaber, BP Dordick, JS Clark, DS AF Markowitz, MA Kust, PR Deng, G Gaber, BP Dordick, JS Clark, DS TI Template-directed molecular imprinting. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 245-INOR BP U785 EP U785 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033902377 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Beal, ED Hardy, DR Hughes, JM AF Mushrush, GW Beal, ED Hardy, DR Hughes, JM TI Synthesis of a new class of benign fuel system icing inhibitor additives. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Fuels Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. GEO Ctr Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 16-PETR BP U227 EP U227 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034000669 ER PT J AU Rappoli, BJ Rowley, DA AF Rappoli, BJ Rowley, DA TI Copper sorption by chemically modified controlled pore glass. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 99-ENVR BP U572 EP U572 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901738 ER PT J AU Robarge, MJ Agoston, GE Izenwasser, S Kopajtic, T George, C Newman, AH AF Robarge, MJ Agoston, GE Izenwasser, S Kopajtic, T George, C Newman, AH TI Highly selective chiral N-substituted 3 alpha-[bis(4 '-fluorophenyl)methoxy]tropane analogs for the dopamine transporter: Synthesis and comparative molecular field analysis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Entremed Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 122-MEDI BP U952 EP U952 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033902870 ER PT J AU Singh, A Nguyen, TB AF Singh, A Nguyen, TB TI Synthesis of cross-linked polyesters. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 182-PMSE BP U654 EP U654 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034001977 ER PT J AU Singh, A Qadri, SB Lvov, Y Lehn, JM AF Singh, A Qadri, SB Lvov, Y Lehn, JM TI Formation of supramolecular assemblies by complementary association of octadecyloxy tartaric acid and bispyridyls. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Coll France, F-75005 Paris, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 463-POLY BP U531 EP U531 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034001604 ER PT J AU Wahl, KJ Colton, RJ AF Wahl, KJ Colton, RJ TI Nanoscale surface mechanical property measurements: Force modulation techniques applied to AFM and nanoindentation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 156-COLL BP U444 EP U444 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901349 ER PT J AU Wynne, KJ AF Wynne, KJ TI Perspective on polymers in display applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Organ & Polymer Mat 331PO, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 360-POLY BP U501 EP U501 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034001501 ER PT J AU Yee, GT Kaul, BB Fitzgerald, JP AF Yee, GT Kaul, BB Fitzgerald, JP TI New "high TC" molecule-based vanadium magnet. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 502-INOR BP U862 EP U863 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033902613 ER PT J AU Yu, H Wang, LJ Flippen-Anderson, J Rice, KC AF Yu, H Wang, LJ Flippen-Anderson, J Rice, KC TI Synthesis of a novel 7,14-ethano-bridged opiate. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIDDKD, LMC, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 271-MEDI BP U1007 EP U1008 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033903018 ER PT J AU Zarras, P Stenger-Smith, JD Ostrom, GS Merwin, LH Webber, CK AF Zarras, P Stenger-Smith, JD Ostrom, GS Merwin, LH Webber, CK TI Synthesis of cyano derivatives of poly[2,5-bis(N-methyl-N-alkylamino)phenylene vinylene]s for use as potential blue light-emitting diodes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Mat Synth Sect Code 4T4220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 576-POLY BP U562 EP U562 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034001716 ER PT J AU Zheng, ZP Wang, RY Carducci, M Zheng, C AF Zheng, ZP Wang, RY Carducci, M Zheng, C TI Networked lanthanide clusters sustained by amino acids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 501-INOR BP U862 EP U862 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033902612 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI Synergy of entropy and intermolecular coupling in supercooling liquids SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; DEPOLARIZED-LIGHT-SCATTERING; DIELECTRIC ALPHA-RELAXATION; CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY; MOLECULAR LIQUIDS; DYNAMICS; TOLUENE; 3-BROMOPENTANE; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE AB We show the T-g-scaled temperature dependence of the minimum number of molecules capable of undergoing a rearrangement, z*, in the Adam and Gibbs model of relaxation of glass-formers is strikingly similar to that of n and m = [d log tau(alpha)/d(T-g/T)]. Here (1-n) and tau(alpha) are, respectively, the exponent and the effective relaxation time in the Kohlrausch correlation function, exp[-(t/tau(alpha))(1-n)], of the primary alpha-relaxation, z* is obtained from the excess (configurational) entropy, S-c, of the Kauzmann paradox and T-g is the glass temperature. As functions of T-g/T, z*, n and m all assume their minimal values at high temperatures. On decreasing temperature they all increase monotonically with a more rapid change in the vicinity of some temperature T-B above T-g. Moreover, from the data of a number of small molecule glass-formers in which the high temperature limit of S-c can be determined accurately, we find that at the glass temperature, T-g, z*(T-g) obtained from thermodynamic data correlates with the steepness index m = [d log tau(alpha)/d(T-g/T)](T=Tg) and the Kohlrausch exponents (1 - n(T-g)). The similarity of the temperature dependencies of n, m, and z* makes plausible the explanation that the temperature dependences of the kinetic quantities, n and m, originate from that of z*, which is a pure thermodynamics quantity. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)51732-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 8 BP 3639 EP 3643 DI 10.1063/1.479644 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 224ZF UT WOS:000081929300038 ER PT J AU Leathers, RA Roesler, CS McCormick, NJ AF Leathers, RA Roesler, CS McCormick, NJ TI Ocean inherent optical property determination from in-water light field measurements SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID IRRADIANCE INVERSION ALGORITHM; BACKSCATTERING COEFFICIENTS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; NATURAL-WATERS; ABSORPTION; ATTENUATION AB An algorithm is described and evaluated for determining the absorption and backscattering coefficients a(z) and b(b)(z) from measurements of the nadir-viewing radiance L-u(z) and downward irradiance E-d(z). The method, derived from radiative transfer theory, is similar to a previously proposed one for E-u(z) and E-d(z), and both methods are demonstrated with numerical simulations and field data. Numerical simulations and a sensitivity analysis show that good estimates of a(z) and b(b)(t) can be obtained if the assumed scattering phase function is approximately correct. In an experiment in Long Island Sound, estimates of a(z) derived with these methods agreed well with those obtained from an in situ reflecting tube instrument. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. OCIS codes: 010.4450, 030.5620, 160.4760, 290.3200, 290.1350. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM leathers@rsd.nrl.navy.mil RI McCormick, Norman/K-6411-2013 NR 16 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 24 BP 5096 EP 5103 DI 10.1364/AO.38.005096 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 227VL UT WOS:000082100600002 PM 18324002 ER PT J AU Concannon, BM Davis, JP AF Concannon, BM Davis, JP TI Results of a Monte Carlo investigation of the diffuse attenuation coefficient SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB There has been a large effort to relate the apparent optical properties of ocean water to the inherent optical properties, which are the absorption coefficient a, the scattering coefficient b, and the scattering phase function rho(theta). The diffuse attenuation coefficient k(diff) has most often been considered an apparent optical property. However, k(diff) can be considered a quasi-inherent property k(diff) when defined as a steady-state light distribution attenuation coefficient. The Honey-Wilson research empirically relates K-diff to a and b. The Honey-Wilson relation most likely applies to a limited range of water types because it does not include dependence on rho(theta). A series of Monte Carlo simulations were initiated to calculate k(diff)' in an unstratified water column. The calculations, which reflected open ocean water types, used ranges of the single-scattering albedo omega(0) and the mean forward-scattering angle theta(m) for two analytic phase functions with different shapes. It was found that k(diff)' is nearly independent of the shape of rho(theta) and can be easily parameterized in terms of a, b, and theta(m) for 0.11 less than or equal to theta(m) less than or equal to 0.48 rad and 0.5 less than or equal to omega(0) less than or equal to 0.95. k(diff) is an asymptotic quantity; that is, a steady-state distribution is reached only after many scattering lengths. OCIS codes: 010.0010, 120.5820. C1 USN, Div Aircraft, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP USN, Div Aircraft, Air Warfare Ctr, Code 4556,Unit 6,Bldg 2185,22347 Cedar Point Rd,S, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM concannonbm@navir.navy.mil NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 24 BP 5104 EP 5107 DI 10.1364/AO.38.005104 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 227VL UT WOS:000082100600003 PM 18324003 ER PT J AU Reid, IN Kirkpatrick, JD Liebert, J Burrows, A Gizis, JE Burgasser, A Dahn, CC Monet, D Cutri, R Beichman, CA Skrutskie, M AF Reid, IN Kirkpatrick, JD Liebert, J Burrows, A Gizis, JE Burgasser, A Dahn, CC Monet, D Cutri, R Beichman, CA Skrutskie, M TI L dwarfs and the substellar mass function SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : stellar content; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : luminosity function, mass function; stars : statistics ID STAR SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; LOWER MAIN-SEQUENCE; COOL BROWN DWARF; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; FAINTEST STARS; CHROMOSPHERIC EMISSION; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; GLIESE 229B; DISCOVERY AB Analysis of initial observations sky surveys has shown that the resulting photometric catalogs, combined with far-red optical data, provide an extremely effective method of finding isolated, very low-temperature objects in the general held. Follow-up observations have already identified more than 25 sources with temperatures cooler than the latest M dwarfs. A comparison with detailed model predictions (Burrows & Sharp 1999) indicates that these L dwarfs have effective temperatures between approximate to 2000 +/- 100 K and 1500 +/- 100 K, while the available trigonometric parallax data place their luminosities at between 10(-3.5) and 10. Those properties, together with the detection of lithium in one-third of the objects, are consistent with the majority having substellar masses. The mass function cannot be derived directly, since only near-infrared photometry and spectral types are available for most sources, but we can incorporate VLM/brown dwarf models in simulations of the solar neighborhood population and constrain Psi(M) by comparing the predicted L dwarf surface densities and temperature distributions against observations from the Deep Near-Infrared Survey (DENIS) and 2 Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) surveys. The data, although sparse, can be represented by a power-law mass function, Psi(M) proportional to M-alpha, with 1 < alpha < 2. Current results favor a value nearer the lower limit. If alpha = 1.3, then the local space density of 0.075 > M/M-. > 0.01 brown dwarfs is 0.10 systems pc(-3). In that case, brown dwarfs are twice as common as main-sequence stars but contribute no more than similar to 15% of the total mass of the disk. C1 CALTECH, Palomar Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Reid, IN (reprint author), CALTECH, Palomar Observ, 105-24, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 77 TC 205 Z9 205 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1999 VL 521 IS 2 BP 613 EP 629 DI 10.1086/307589 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 226JX UT WOS:000082017800017 ER PT J AU Hirayama, M Cominsky, LR Kaspi, VM Nagase, F Tavani, M Kawai, N Grove, JE AF Hirayama, M Cominsky, LR Kaspi, VM Nagase, F Tavani, M Kawai, N Grove, JE TI X-ray/gamma-ray observations of the PSR B1259-63/SS 2883 system near apastron SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; pulsars : individual (PSR B1259-63) stars : emission-line, Be; stars : individual (SS 2883); stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID BINARY-SYSTEM; BOARD ASCA; PULSAR; EMISSION; PSR-1259-63; RADIO; PERIASTRON AB We report the results from X-ray and hard X-ray observations of the PSR B1259-63/SS 2883 system with ASCA and the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO), performed between 1995 February and 1996 January when the pulsar was near apastron. The system was clearly detected in each of the two ASCA observations with luminosity in the 1-10 keV band of L-X = (9 +/- 3) x 10(32) (d/2 kpc)(2) ergs s(-1) while CGRO/OSSE did not detect significant hard X-rays from the system. X-ray spectra obtained with ASCA are well fitted by a single power-law spectrum with a photon index of 1.6 +/- 0.3. No pulsations were detected in either the ASCA or the OSSE data. We combine all existing X-ray and hard X-ray observations and present the orbital modulation in the luminosity and photon index for the entire orbit. The results are in agreement with predictions based on a synchrotron emission model from relativistic particles in a shocked pulsar wind interacting with the gaseous outflow from the Be star. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan. Columbia Univ Teachers Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. CNR, IFCTR, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 35101, Japan. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Park, CA 94928 USA. OI Tavani, Marco/0000-0003-2893-1459 NR 24 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1999 VL 521 IS 2 BP 718 EP 722 DI 10.1086/307558 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 226JX UT WOS:000082017800027 ER PT J AU Lucke, RL Korwan, DR Bevilacqua, RM Hornstein, JS Shettle, EP Chen, DT Daehler, M Lumpe, JD Fromm, MD Debrestian, D Neff, B Squire, M Konig-Langlo, G Davies, J AF Lucke, RL Korwan, DR Bevilacqua, RM Hornstein, JS Shettle, EP Chen, DT Daehler, M Lumpe, JD Fromm, MD Debrestian, D Neff, B Squire, M Konig-Langlo, G Davies, J TI The Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III instrument and early validation results SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; STRATOSPHERIC-AEROSOL; INTERFERENCE FILTERS; NM REGION; NO2; TEMPERATURE; RADIATION; RETRIEVAL; SPECTRUM; UARS AB Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III, a follow-on to the successful POAM II, is a spaceborne experiment designed to measure the vertical profiles of ozone, water vapor, nitrogen dioxide, and aerosol extinction in the polar stratosphere and upper troposphere with a vertical resolution of 1-2 km. Measurements are made by the solar occultation technique. POAM III, now in polar orbit aboard the SPOT 4 satellite, is providing data on north- and south-polar ozone phenomena, including the south-polar ozone hole, and on the spatial and temporal variability of stratospheric aerosols, polar stratospheric clouds, and polar mesospheric clouds. Differences between the POAM III and POAM II instruments are described. First validations of POAM III data products by comparison with Halogen Occultation Experiment and ozonesonde data are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Environm Canada, Atomospher Environm Serv, ARQX, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. Trex Enterprises, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Lucke, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7227, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lucke@poamb.nrl.navy.mil; dan.korwan@nrl.navy.mil; bevilacqua@nrl.navy.mil; john.hornstein@nrl.navy.mil; eric.shettle@nrl.navy.mil; mark.daehler@nrl.navy.mil; lumpe@cpi.com; mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Konig-Langlo, Gert/K-5048-2012 OI Konig-Langlo, Gert/0000-0002-6100-4107 NR 21 TC 132 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D15 BP 18785 EP 18799 DI 10.1029/1999JD900235 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 228GJ UT WOS:000082128500021 ER PT J AU Todd, MD Vohra, ST AF Todd, MD Vohra, ST TI Shear deformation correction to transverse shape reconstruction from distributed strain measurements SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Todd, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD AUG 19 PY 1999 VL 225 IS 3 BP 581 EP 594 DI 10.1006/jsvi.1999.2176 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 226BU UT WOS:000082001100012 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Optically pumped type-II interband terahertz lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Optically pumped terahertz lasers based on interband transitions in type-II antimonide heterostructures are proposed and modeled in detail. At cryogenic temperatures, the activated nature of the Auger and phonon-assisted mechanisms should provide substantially longer nonradiative lifetimes and higher gains than are attainable with intersubband devices. For emission at lambda=27 mu m, pulsed operation is projected up to 60 K, and > 25 mW of cw output power is calculated for T=30 K. At T=4 K, lasing is expected out to wavelengths as long as 100 mu m. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)04633-1]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 7 BP 899 EP 901 DI 10.1063/1.124547 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 224YZ UT WOS:000081928700006 ER PT J AU Venkatesan, T Sharma, RP Zhao, YG Chen, ZY Lee, CH Cao, WL Li, JJ Drew, HD Ogale, SB Ramesh, R Rajeswari, M Wu, T Jin, I Choopun, S Johnson, M Chu, WK Baskaran, G AF Venkatesan, T Sharma, RP Zhao, YG Chen, ZY Lee, CH Cao, WL Li, JJ Drew, HD Ogale, SB Ramesh, R Rajeswari, M Wu, T Jin, I Choopun, S Johnson, M Chu, WK Baskaran, G TI Superconducting cuprates and magnetoresistive manganites: similarities and contrasts SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th NEC Symposium on Fundamental Approaches to New Material Phases - Phase Control in Spin-Charge-Orbital Complex Systems CY OCT 11-15, 1998 CL NASU, JAPAN SP NEC Corp DE high temperature superconducting (HTS) cuprates; colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) manganites; Cu and Mn ions ID ULTRAFAST SPIN DYNAMICS; THIN-FILMS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; DOUBLE-EXCHANGE; TEMPERATURE; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; ND0.7SR0.3MNO3; DISPLACEMENTS; CONDUCTIVITY; LA1-XSRXMNO3 AB We report on three different experiments on high temperature superconducting (HTS) cuprates and colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) manganites, which clearly bring out some of the important similarities and differences between the two material systems. The experiments involve the measurement of temperature dependence of the mean squared displacement of Cu and Mn ions from their equilibrium site in the case of the cuprates and the manganites, respectively, and their correlation with the transport property. In both cases the key ions in the materials (Cu for HTS and Mn for CMR) exhibit vibration amplitudes larger than that of ions in simple Debye solids and clearly show discontinuities in the vibration amplitudes as a function of temperature close to the phase transition temperatures. These point to the unequivocal participation of phonons in the transport processes and possibly in the onset of the phase transitions (i.e. superconductivity and ferromagnetism). The second set of experiments, involves femtosecond optical excitation of micro-strip resistors made of cuprates or manganites, and the subsequent measurement of the changes in the impedance on a 20 ps time scale. In the case of the manganites one measures the time scales involved in the ionization and reformation of a Jahn-Teller polaron and also the decay times of magnon exciters. In the case of the cuprates one sees a highly efficient pair breaking process with a very sharp resonance, with a width of only 100 meV, which is indicative of the role of a large intermediate excitation in the mechanism of high temperature superconductivity. In the third experiment, spin-polarized electrons injected from a manganite electrode into a superconductor are observed to break pairs at a rate far larger than unpolarized electrons. This effect seems very orientation dependent for the case of YBCO, which may shed new light on the transport of quasi-particles at YBCO interfaces. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys & Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Labs, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX USA. Inst Math Sci, Taramani, Chennai, India. Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Venkatesan, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys & Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Wu, Tom/A-1158-2012; Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013; OI Wu, Tom/0000-0003-0845-4827; Choopun, Supab/0000-0001-8518-9014 NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD AUG 16 PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1-2 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(99)00049-5 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 224FX UT WOS:000081887800008 ER PT J AU Penano, JR Ganguli, G AF Penano, JR Ganguli, G TI Ionospheric source for low-frequency broadband electromagnetic signatures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; AURORAL FIELD LINES; ELECTROSTATIC SHOCKS; DOUBLE-LAYERS; ALFVEN WAVES; ACCELERATION; PLASMA; MECHANISMS; ALTITUDE; SHEAR AB A linear eigenmode analysis shows that small-scale static electric field structures commonly found in the auroral ionosphere are natural generators of low-frequency (omega less than or equal to Omega(i), where Omega(i) is the ion cyclotron frequency) electromagnetic waves with broadbanded frequency spectra. These waves can account for the observed upward Poynting flux and distinctive polarization signatures in the ionosphere. of wave electric to magnetic field strength can be much larger than the Alfven velocity. Doppler shift is important for facilitating resonant energization of ions and electrons. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Penano, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Code 6794, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1343 EP 1346 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.1343 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 227EY UT WOS:000082066600018 ER PT J AU Mazin, II AF Mazin, II TI How to define and calculate the degree of spin polarization in ferromagnets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METALS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Different ways to define and calculate the degree of spin polarization in a ferromagnet are discussed, particularly with respect to spin-polarized tunneling and Andreev reflection at the boundary between superconductor and ferromagnet. As an example, the degree of spin polarization for different experiments in Fe and Ni is calculated in the framework of the local spin density approximation and used to illustrate the differences between various definitions of spin polarization. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 14 TC 301 Z9 303 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1427 EP 1430 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.1427 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 227EY UT WOS:000082066600039 ER PT J AU Rajagopal, AK Jensen, KL Cummings, FW AF Rajagopal, AK Jensen, KL Cummings, FW TI Quantum entangled supercorrelated states in the Jaynes-Cummings model SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION AB The regions of independent quantum states, maximally classically correlated states, and purely quantum entangled (supercorrelated) states described in a recent formulation of quantum information theory by Cerf and Adami are explored here numerically in the parameter space of the well-known exactly soluble Jaynes-Cummings model for equilibrium and nonequilibrium time-dependent ensembles. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20378 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20378 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD AUG 16 PY 1999 VL 259 IS 3-4 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(99)00404-1 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229YX UT WOS:000082224700019 ER PT J AU West, LA Roughly, P Nelson, FRT Plaas, AHK AF West, LA Roughly, P Nelson, FRT Plaas, AHK TI Sulphation heterogeneity in the trisaccharide (GalNAcS beta 1,4GlcA beta 1,3GalNAcS) isolated from the non-reducing terminal of human aggrecan chondroitin sulphate SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE chondroitin lyases; glycosaminoglycans; proteoglycans ID PROTEIN-LINKAGE REGION; COMPLETE CODING SEQUENCE; BOVINE ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; DEDUCED PRIMARY STRUCTURE; KERATAN SULFATE; HEPARAN-SULFATE; PROTEOCHONDROITIN SULFATE; N-ACETYLGALACTOSAMINE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; OLIGOSACCHARIDES AB We report here the isolation and sulphation isomer analyses of trisaccharides GalNAc(beta 1, 4)GlcA(beta 1, 3)GalNAcS (in which S indicates sulphate) derived from the non-reducing termini of aggrecan chondroitin sulphate. Rat chondrosarcoma and human aggrecans were digested for Ih at 37 degrees C with 30 mu-units of endo-chondroitinase ABC per mu g of chondroitin sulphate, and trisaccharides were isolated from the digests by ToyoPearl HW40S gel-filtration chromatography. Four trisaccharide species were identified; their sulphation isomer compositions, as determined by digestion with chondroitinase ACII and fluorescence-based ion-exchange HPLC, were GalNAc4S beta 1,4 GlcA beta 1,3GalNAc4S, GalNAc4S beta 1,4GlcA beta 1, 3GalNAc6S, GalNAc4,6S beta 1,4GlcA beta 1,3GalNAc4S and GalNAc4,6S beta 1,4GlcA beta 1,3GalNAc6S. The abundances of such sequences in chondroitin sulphate on aggrecan from normal (foetal to 72 years of age) and from osteoarthritic human knee cartilages were also established. The results showed that non-reducing terminal GalNAc4S or GalNAc4,6S can be linked to either a 4-sulphated or a 6-sulphated disaccharide, suggesting that the sulphation of the last disaccharide might not have a direct effect on the specificity of chondroitin sulphate terminal GalNAc sulphotransferases. Furthermore, for each aggrecan preparation examined, the 4S-to-6S ratio of all chain interior disaccharides was equivalent to that in the last repeating disaccharides at the nonreducing terminus, suggesting that neither chondroitin 4-sulpho-transferase nor chondroitin 6-sulphotransferase shows preferential activity near the chain terminus. C1 Shriners Hosp Children, Cell Biol Lab, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Shriners Hosp Childrens, Genet Unit, Montreal, PQ 2CH3G 1A6, Canada. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, San Diego, CA 92314 USA. RP Plaas, AHK (reprint author), Shriners Hosp Children, Cell Biol Lab, 10502 N Pine Dr, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM aplaas@shctampa.usf.edu NR 47 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA CHARLES DARWIN HOUSE, 12 ROGER STREET, LONDON WC1N 2JU, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 EI 1470-8728 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 342 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.1042/0264-6021:3420223 PN 1 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 230QE UT WOS:000082261200029 PM 10432320 ER PT J AU Yang, MJ Moore, WJ Bennett, BR Shanabrook, BV Cross, JO Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Yang, MJ Moore, WJ Bennett, BR Shanabrook, BV Cross, JO Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Optimum growth parameters for type-II infrared lasers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALSB/INAS HEMTS; DIODES AB The surface, structural, and optical properties of InAs/InGaSb/AlSb mid-infrared lasers grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been systematically studied, respectively, by Nomarski differential interference contrast, high-resolution x-ray diffraction, and variable-temperature photoluminescence. It is found that the optimum growth temperature is between 400 and 450 degrees C, based on the calibrated transmission thermometry. In addition, the impact of interfacial bond type and Sb sources has been investigated. A 5.91 mu m laser, grown with the optimal growth parameters, exhibits a maximum cw operating temperature of 210 K. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)08716-2]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 17 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1796 EP 1799 DI 10.1063/1.370971 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 221HD UT WOS:000081720600004 ER PT J AU Cheng, ZY Bharti, V Xu, TB Wang, SX Zhang, QM Ramotowski, T Tito, F Ting, R AF Cheng, ZY Bharti, V Xu, TB Wang, SX Zhang, QM Ramotowski, T Tito, F Ting, R TI Transverse strain responses in electrostrictive poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) films and development of a dilatometer for the measurement SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNESIUM NIOBATE RELAXORS; FIELD-INDUCED STRAIN; ELECTROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; COPOLYMER; FERROELECTRICS; DEPENDENCE; BEHAVIOR AB A dilatometer based on the cantilever beam concept has been developed. The dilatometer is easy to use and capable of measuring transverse strain response of soft polymer films in a broad strain range (from 10(-7) to 10(-1)) without mechanical constraining of the sample. It is capable of detecting strain over a relatively wide frequency range from mHz to above 100 Hz under different load and temperature. Using the setup, the electric field induced transverse strains of the electrostrictive poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer films were characterized which shows that a large transverse strain can be achieved in this class of polymer. In addition, the effect of mechanical tensile load on the transverse strain was also evaluated and the results show that the strain response will be affected by the load. However, depending on the load level, the strain response of the polymer film under a given electric field may increase or decrease with load. Based on the phenomenological theory, it is shown that for a ferroelectric based material, the mechanical load will shift the Curie temperature. Hence, to a large extent, the change of the strain response with load observed here can be understood by linking it to the strain change with temperature. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)00716-1]. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Chem, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Zhang, QM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Cheng, Zhongyang (Z.-Y.)/A-9841-2008 OI Cheng, Zhongyang (Z.-Y.)/0000-0001-7209-7380 NR 23 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 4 BP 2208 EP 2214 DI 10.1063/1.371032 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 221HD UT WOS:000081720600066 ER PT J AU Lentz, S Guza, RT Elgar, S Feddersen, F Herbers, THC AF Lentz, S Guza, RT Elgar, S Feddersen, F Herbers, THC TI Momentum balances on the North Carolina inner shelf SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; LONGSHORE CURRENTS; DYNAMICS; WIND; WAVES; NEARSHORE; VARIABILITY; WINTER; MODEL AB Four months of moored current, pressure, temperature, conductivity, wave, and wind observations on the North Carolina shelf indicate three dynamically distinct regions: the surf zone, the inner shelf between the surf zone and the 13-m isobath, and the midshelf, In the surf zone the along-shelf momentum balance is between the cross-shelf gradient of the wave radiation stress and the bottom stress. The linear drag coefficient in the surf zone is about 10 times larger than seaward of the surf zone. On the inner shelf the along-shelf momentum balance is also frictional; the along-shelf wind stress and pressure gradient are balanced by bottom stress. In the cross-shelf momentum balance the pressure gradient is the superposition of roughly equal contributions from the Coriolis force (geostrophy) and wave setdown from shoaling, unbroken surface gravity waves. At midshelf the along-shelf momentum balance is less frictional and hence flow accelerations are important. The cross-shelf momentum balance is predominantly geostrophic because the greater depth and smaller bottom slope at midshelf reduce the importance of wave setdown. The cross-shelf density gradient is in thermal wind balance with the vertical shear in the along-shelf flow in depths as shallow as 10 m. The dominant along-shelf momentum balances provide a simple estimate of the depth-averaged, along-shelf current in terms of the measured forcing (i.e., wind stress, wave radiation stress divergence, and along-shelf pressure gradient) that reproduces accurately the observed cross-shelf variation of the depth-averaged, along-shelf current between the surf zone and midshelf. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Coastal Studies, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, MS 21, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM slentz@whoi.edu NR 42 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 104 IS C8 BP 18205 EP 18226 DI 10.1029/1999JC900101 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 226VL UT WOS:000082043100011 ER PT J AU Zhang, YX Maslowski, W Semtner, AJ AF Zhang, YX Maslowski, W Semtner, AJ TI Impact of mesoscale ocean currents on sea ice in high-resolution Arctic ice and ocean simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CANADA BASIN; FRESH-WATER; MODEL; CIRCULATION; CLIMATE; THICKNESS; DYNAMICS; BALANCE; MOTION AB A high-resolution sea ice model is designed for simulating the Arctic. The grid resolution is similar to 18 km, and the domain contains the main Arctic Ocean, Nordic Seas, Canadian Archipelago, and the subpolar North Atlantic. The model is based on a widely used dynamic and thermodynamic model with more efficient numerics. The oceanic forcing is from an Arctic Ocean model with the same horizontal resolution as the ice model and 30 levels, The atmospheric forcing is from 3-day average 1990-1994 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts operational data. Results from the ice model are compared against satellite passive-microwave observations and drifting buoys. The model realistically simulates ice tongues and eddies in the Greenland Sea. The mesoscale ocean eddies along the East Greenland Current (EGC) are demonstrated to be responsible for the presence of ice eddies and tongues out of the Greenland Sea ice edge. Large shear and divergence associated with the mesoscale ice eddies and strong ice drift, such as the one above the EGG, result in thinner and less compact ice. The mesoscale ocean eddies along the Alaskan Chukchi shelf break, the Northwind Ridge, and the Alpha-Mendeleyev Ridge are major contributors to mesoscale reduction of ice concentration, in addition to atmospheric storms which usually lead to a broad-scale reduction of ice concentration. The existence of mesoscale ocean eddies greatly increases nonuniformity of ice motion, which means stronger ice deformation and more open water. An eddy-resolving coupled ice-ocean model is highly recommended to adequately simulate the small but important percentage of open water in the Arctic pack ice, which can significantly change the heat fluxes from ocean to atmosphere and affect the global climate. C1 USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM zhangy@ucar.edu NR 56 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 104 IS C8 BP 18409 EP 18429 DI 10.1029/1999JC900158 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 226VL UT WOS:000082043100025 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fralick, CR Haeger, SD Carron, MJ AF Chu, PC Fralick, CR Haeger, SD Carron, MJ TI "Comment on 'A parametric model for the Yellow Sea thermal variability'" - Reply SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID EAST CHINA SEAS C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. N Atlantic Meteorol & Oceanog Detachment, Mayport, FL 32228 USA. USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code OC-CU, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 104 IS C8 BP 18463 EP 18466 DI 10.1029/1999JC900173 PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 226VL UT WOS:000082043100028 ER PT J AU Burk, SD Haack, T Samelson, RM AF Burk, SD Haack, T Samelson, RM TI Mesoscale simulation of supercritical, subcritical, and transcritical flow along coastal topography SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEVERE DOWNSLOPE WINDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CALIFORNIA COAST; MARINE-LAYER; VARIABILITY; WAVES; JET AB A mesoscale atmospheric model is used to address the characteristics of stratified how bounded by a side wall along a varying coastline. Initial Froude number values are varied through alteration of marine inversion strength, permitting examination of supercritical, subcritical, and transcritical flow regimes encountering several coastal configurations. Consistent with shallow water models, sharp drops in boundary layer depth and flow acceleration occur in flow rounding convex bends; however, significant flow response occurs in the stratified layer aloft, which is unexplained by conventional shallow water theory. The strongest flow acceleration occurs in the transcritical case while, regardless of inversion strength, the deformation of the isentropes aloft shows general structural similarity. Advection of horizontal momentum is an important component of the horizontal force balance. A simulation having several coastline bends exhibits a detached, oblique hydraulic jump upwind of a concave bend that strongly blocks the flow. For the single-bend case, a shallow water similarity theory for stratified flow provides qualitative, and partial quantitative, agreement with the mesoscale model, in the boundary layer and aloft. Horizontal structure functions for these similarity solutions satisfy a set of equivalent shallow water equations. This comparison provides a new perspective on previous shallow water models of supercritical flow around coastal bends and suggests that the existence of the supercritical flow response may depend more on the presence of a low-level jet than on a sharp boundary layer inversion. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Burk, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 24 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 56 IS 16 BP 2780 EP 2795 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<2780:MSOSSA>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 230DW UT WOS:000082237400003 ER PT J AU LeBlanc, M Vohra, ST Tsai, TE Friebele, EJ AF LeBlanc, M Vohra, ST Tsai, TE Friebele, EJ TI Transverse load sensing by use of pi-phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The birefringence of a pi-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating an be determined with high accuracy by measurement of the polarization-induced spectral splitting of its narrow central transmission window. The use of this feature for sensing of a load applied in the direction transverse to the optical fiber is demonstrated. A distributed force resolution of 1.4 x 10(-3) N/mm was obtained, which corresponds to a difference in the principal strains of the fiber core of 0.5 mu epsilon. We also show that the transverse load response of the sensor is insensitive to temperature. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Fiber & Electroopt Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP LeBlanc, M (reprint author), SFA Inc, 1401 McCormick Dr, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 6 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 24 IS 16 BP 1091 EP 1093 DI 10.1364/OL.24.001091 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 227JB UT WOS:000082076400003 PM 18073949 ER PT J AU Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Bowman, SR Katzer, DS Ikossi-Anastasiou, K AF Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Bowman, SR Katzer, DS Ikossi-Anastasiou, K TI Lock-in holography using optically addressed multiple-quantum-well spatial light modulators SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Perpendicular-field multiple-quantum-well optically addressed spatial light modulators have a response that saturates at high writing intensity. This limits the diffraction efficiency of low-fringe-visibility holograms. This effect is suppressed by use of the ability of these structures to subtract images rapidly. The modulator is exposed to a hologram with a spatially uniform beam, which is incoherent with the hologram, superimposed on top of it. Pulsing the hologram synchronously with the device drive voltage but leaving the uniform beam constant in time can build up the diffraction to large values even when the fringe visibility is low. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Jaycar, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Rabinovich, WS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 24 IS 16 BP 1109 EP 1111 DI 10.1364/OL.24.001109 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 227JB UT WOS:000082076400009 PM 18073955 ER PT J AU Campbell, ML AF Campbell, ML TI Temperature dependent rate constants for the reactions of gas phase lanthanides with CO2 SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LYING ELECTRONIC STATES; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; DEPLETION KINETICS; O-2; N2O; NO; MONOXIDES; RANGES; ATOMS AB The reactivity of the gas phase lanthanide atoms Ln (Ln=La-Yb with the exception of Pm) with CO2 is reported. Lanthanide atoms were produced by the photodissociation of [Ln(TMHD)(3)] and detected by laser-induced fluorescence. For all the lanthanides studied with the exception of Yb, the reaction mechanism is bimolecular abstraction of an oxygen atom. The bimolecular rate constants (in molecule(-1) cm(3) s(-1)) are described in Arrhenius form by: k[Ce((1)G(4))]=(3.4 +/- 1.0)x10(-10) exp(-3.5 +/- 1.0 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Pr(I-4(9/2)), (2.5 +/- 0.4)x10(-10) exp(-7.9 +/- 0.7 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Nd(I-5(4)), (3.3 +/- 0.6)x10(-10) exp(- 12.0 +/- 0.8 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Sm(F-7(0)), (1.7 +/- 0.8)x10(-10) exp(-15.8 +/- 1.8 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Eu(S-8(7/2)), (6.6 +/- 2.3)x10(-10) exp(-39.2 +/- 1.6 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Gd(D-9(2)), (1.1 +/- 0.3)x10(-10) exp(-5.8 +/- 0.9 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Tb(H-6(15/2)), (1.1 +/- 0.3)x10(-10) exp(-10.8 +/- 1.2 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Dy(I-5(8)), (4.0 +/- 0.7)x10(-10) exp(-30.3 +/- 0.7 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Ho(I-4(15/2)), (3.7 +/- 1.1)x10(-10) exp(-33.1 +/- 1.3 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Er(H-3(6)), (5.8 +/- 2.5)x10(-10) exp(-36.9 +/- 2.0 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Tm(F-2(7/2)), (1.1 +/- 0.5)x10(-10) exp(-45.4 +/- 2.3 kJ mol(-1)/RT) where the uncertainties represent +/- 2 sigma. Yb(S-1(0)) is unreactive with CO2 below 623 K. The reaction barriers are found to correlate to the energy required to promote an electron out of the 6s subshell. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Campbell, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI PCCP Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 1 IS 16 BP 3731 EP 3735 DI 10.1039/a904195h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 227ND UT WOS:000082085700004 ER PT J AU Bellitto, VJ Thoms, BD Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL AF Bellitto, VJ Thoms, BD Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL TI Electronic structure of H/GaN(0001): An EELS study of Ga-H formation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GAAS(110) SURFACES; GALLIUM NITRIDE; WURTZITE GAN; HYDROGEN; OXYGEN; GAN(0001)-(1X1); ADSORPTION; GROWTH; DESORPTION; FILMS AB Bare and hydrogenated GaN(0001) were characterized using electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). AES and LEED show that the GaN surface is clean but faceted. EELS following hydrogen atom exposure shows a decrease in the intensity of the band-gap transition at 3.5 eV as well as the development of a previously unreported loss peak at 11.7 eV and quenching of a peak at 6.6 eV. We suggest that the peaks at 6.6 and 11.7 eV correspond to occupied states observed in photoemission lying near 1 and 6 eV below the valence-band maximum, respectively. These loss peaks indicate the participation of an unfilled electronic state similar to 2 eV above the conduction-band minimum. Hydrogen atom exposure also results in an increase in EELS intensity at 18 eV. Molecular hydrogen does not react with Ga-terminated GaN(0001). These changes in the electronic structure of GaN(0001) may be useful indicators of surface Ga-H. [S0163-1829(99)12831-5]. C1 Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Lab Adv Mat Synthesis, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thoms, BD (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 7 BP 4816 EP 4820 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.4816 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 230FQ UT WOS:000082241500075 ER PT J AU Bellitto, VJ Thoms, BD Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL AF Bellitto, VJ Thoms, BD Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL TI Efficient electron-stimulated desorption of hydrogen from GaN(0001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; GAN; CHEMISORPTION; DEUTERIUM; SURFACES; OXYGEN AB Electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) of hydrogen from GaN(0001) has been observed and characterized using electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. Auger electron spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction show that the GaN surface is clean but faceted.: As previously reported, saturation exposure to atomic hydrogen produces a decrease in the intensity of energy-loss peaks at 3.5 and 6.6 eV and an increase in the intensity of loss peaks at 11.7 and 18 eV. Bombardment with 90 eV electrons produces a reversal of the hydrogen-induced changes at 3.5, 6.6, and 11.7 eV. The increased intensity at 18 eV is almost unchanged by electron exposure. We conclude that the reversal of changes at 3.5, 6.6, and 11.7 eV is due to electron-stimulated desorption of hydrogen from Ga sites while the loss peak at 18 eV is due to bulk hydrogen and not affected by 90 eV electrons. Cross sections for removal of H and D are found to be (2+/-1)x10(-17) and (7 +/- 3)x10(-18) cm(2), respectively. The large cross section and small isotope effect for ESD of hydrogen from GaN indicates the participation of a long-lived excited electronic state. [S0163-1829(99)13931-6]. C1 Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Lab Adv Mat Synthesis, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thoms, BD (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 7 BP 4821 EP 4825 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.4821 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 230FQ UT WOS:000082241500076 ER PT J AU Wang, LW Wei, SH Mattila, T Zunger, A Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Wang, LW Wei, SH Mattila, T Zunger, A Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Multiband coupling and electronic structure of (InAs)(n)/(GaSb)(n) superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DOT-P METHOD; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; BAND OFFSETS; QUANTUM DOTS; INAS/GASB SUPERLATTICES; SUPER-LATTICES; COMMON-ATOM; HETEROSTRUCTURES; INAS/GA1-XINXSB; ANISOTROPY AB The electronic structure of abrupt (InAs)(n)/(GaSb)(n) superlattices is calculated using a plane wave pseudopotential method and the more approximate eight band k.p method. The k.p parameters are extracted from the pseudopotential band structures of the zinc-blende constituents near the Gamma point. We find, in general, good agreement between pseudopotencial results and k.p results, except as follows. (1) The eight band k.p significantly underestimates the electron confinement energies for n less than or equal to 20. (2) While the pseudopotential calculation exhibits (a) a zone center electron-heavy hole coupling manifested by band anticrossing at n=28, and (b) a light hole-heavy hole coupling and anticrossing around n=13, these features are absent in the kp model. (3) As k.p misses atomistic features, it does not distinguish the C-2v symmetry of a superlattice with no-common-atom such as InAs/GaSb from the D-2d symmetry of a superlattice that has a common atom, e.g., InAs/GaAs. Consequently, kp lacks the strong in-plane polarization anisotropy of the interband transition evident in the pseudopotential calculation. Since the pseudopotential band gap is larger than the k.p values, and most experimental band gaps are even smaller than the k.p band gap, we conclude that to understand the experimental results one must consider physical mechanisms beyond what is included here (e.g., interdiffusing, rough interfaces, and internal electric fields), rather than readjust the kp parameters. [S0163-1829(99)07531-1]. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, LW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 43 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 8 BP 5590 EP 5596 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.5590 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 234HL UT WOS:000082478600069 ER PT J AU Dudley, CC AF Dudley, CC TI New 8-13 mu m spectroscopy of luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; galaxies : active; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE CALIBRATION; STARBURST-AGN CONNECTION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; IRAS GALAXIES; INTERACTING GALAXIES; SILICATE ABSORPTION; MARKARIAN GALAXIES; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; EMISSION BANDS; STAR-FORMATION AB New moderate-resolution mid-infrared spectroscopy at 10 mu m of 27 infrared galaxies is presented. The galaxies have been chosen from three 60-mu m selected and one 12-mu m selected complete flux-limited catalogues of galaxies; 17 of these sources have L(IR)(8-1000 mu m) greater than or equal to 5 x 10(11) L(.). A high-resolution spectrum of the source Arp 299B1 is also presented. Combining these new results with previously published results, a nearly complete 60-mu m selected flux-limited subsample, with L(IR)(8-1000 mu m) greater than or equal to 1.6 x 10(11) L(.), of 25 galaxies is defined, Within this subsample, it is found that the dominant power sourer of infrared galaxies in the luminosity range 1.6 x 10(11) < L(IR)(8-1000 mu m) < 10(12) L(.) is massive star formation based on the clear presence of the 11.3-mu m aromatic hydrocarbon emission feature in the majority of the spectra. Three of the five ultraluminous infrared galaxies [L(IR)(8-1000 mu m) greater than or equal to 10(12) L(.)] within this subsample show evidence that an active galactic nucleus provides an energetically important power source based on the detection of silicate absorption in their mid-infrared spectra, The physical basis of a possible anticorrelation between the 11.3-mu m feature equivalent width and infrared light to molecular gas mass ratios is discussed. C1 Univ Hawaii, Astron Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Dudley, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7217,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 75 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 11 PY 1999 VL 307 IS 3 BP 553 EP 576 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02631.x PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 227VV UT WOS:000082101400010 ER PT J AU Lang, CC Anantharamaiah, KR Kassim, NE Lazio, TJW AF Lang, CC Anantharamaiah, KR Kassim, NE Lazio, TJW TI Discovery of a nonthermal galactic center filament (G358.85+0.47) parallel to the Galactic plane SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : center; ISM : magnetic fields; radio continuum : ISM ID RADIO; ARC; G359.54+0.18; THREADS AB We report the discovery of a new nonthermal filament, G358.85+0.47, the "Pelican," located similar to 225 pc in projection from Sagittarius A and oriented parallel to the Galactic plane. VLA continuum observations at 20 cm reveal that this 7' (17.5 pc) structure bends at its northern extension and is comprised of parallel strands, which are most apparent at its ends. Observations at 6 and 3.6 cm reveal that the Pelican is a synchrotron-emitting source and is strongly linearly polarized over much of its extent. The spectral index of the filament changes from alpha(20/6) = -0.8 to alpha(6/3.6) = -1.5. The rotation measures exhibit a smooth gradient, with values ranging from -1000 to 500 rad m(-2). The intrinsic magnetic field is well aligned along the length of the filament. Based on these properties, we classify the Pelican as one of the nonthermal filaments unique to the Galactic center. Since these filaments (most of which are oriented perpendicular to the Galactic plane) are believed to trace the overall magnetic field in the inner Galaxy, the Pelican is the first detection of a component of this field parallel to the plane. The Pelican may thus mark a transition region of the magnetic field orientation in the inner 1 kpc of the Galaxy. C1 Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Astron & Astophys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Raman Res Inst, Bangalore 560080, Karnataka, India. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lang, CC (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, POB O,1003 Lopezville Rd, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM clang@nrao.edu RI Anantharamaiah , K. R./E-5369-2012; M, Manjunath/N-4000-2014 OI M, Manjunath/0000-0001-8710-0730 NR 19 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 1999 VL 521 IS 1 BP L41 EP L44 DI 10.1086/312180 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 223YE UT WOS:000081868500011 ER PT J AU Whitman, LJ Bennett, BR Kneedler, EM Jonker, BT Shanabrook, BV AF Whitman, LJ Bennett, BR Kneedler, EM Jonker, BT Shanabrook, BV TI The structure of Sb-terminated GaAs(001) surfaces SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antimony; chemisorption; gallium arsenide; low index single crystal surfaces; molecular beam epitaxy; scanning tunneling microscopy; surface structure; morphology; roughness; and topography ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; 001 SURFACES; GASB; GAAS; RECONSTRUCTIONS; DYNAMICS; INSB; ALSB AB We have studied the structure of Sb-terminated GaAs(001) surfaces using reflection high energy electron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Clean, As-terminated (2 x 4) surfaces were prepared by molecular beam epitaxy and then exposed to Sb-4 at 490 degrees C, producing a (2 x 8)-reconstructed surface terminated with similar to 1 ML of Sb. Re-heating such a surface to 460 degrees C in vacuum returns the surface to a (2 x 4) reconstruction with approximately 0.5 ML Sb remaining. STM reveals a complex, but well-ordered structure on the (2 x 8) surface for which a tentative model is proposed. On the (2 x 4) surface, our results clearly show that each unit cell is terminated by three dimers, with two-thirds Sb dimers and one-third As dimers. These results contrast with previous proposals that the Sb-induced (2 x 4) surface is terminated solely by one or two Sb dimers. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitman, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD AUG 10 PY 1999 VL 436 IS 1-3 BP L707 EP L714 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(99)00701-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 233ZC UT WOS:000082456200013 ER PT J AU Sakamoto, G Adachi, C Koyama, T Taniguchi, Y Merritt, CD Murata, H Kafafi, ZH AF Sakamoto, G Adachi, C Koyama, T Taniguchi, Y Merritt, CD Murata, H Kafafi, ZH TI Significant improvement of device durability in organic light-emitting diodes by doping both hole transport and emitter layers with rubrene molecules SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLUMINESCENT DIODES; ELECTRON INJECTION; IMPROVED STABILITY; LEDS AB We have developed highly durable organic light-emitting diodes. The basic structure of the diodes is anode/hole injection layer/hole transport layer+dopant/emitter layer+dopant/cathode. Both the hole transport and the emitter layers were doped with the highly fluorescent rubrene molecules. With the doping of both layers, 85% of the initial luminance was successively maintained even after 1000 h of continuous operation under constant current driving. Doping of only one of these layers, either the hole transport layer or emitter layer, on the other hand, resulted in shorter lifetime. We mention the possible mechanisms of the doping that enhance the device duration. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)03132-0]. C1 Shinshu Univ, Dept Funct Polymer Sci, Nagano 3868567, Japan. USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sakamoto, G (reprint author), Shinshu Univ, Dept Funct Polymer Sci, Nagano 3868567, Japan. RI Adachi, Chihaya/C-2849-2011; Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Adachi, Chihaya/0000-0001-6117-9604; Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 27 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 9 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 6 BP 766 EP 768 DI 10.1063/1.124506 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 222FJ UT WOS:000081772600008 ER PT J AU Dinsmore, AD Hsu, DS Gray, HF Qadri, SB Tian, Y Ratna, BR AF Dinsmore, AD Hsu, DS Gray, HF Qadri, SB Tian, Y Ratna, BR TI Mn-doped ZnS nanoparticles as efficient low-voltage cathodoluminescent phosphors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLAT-PANEL DISPLAYS; THIN-FILMS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NANOCRYSTALS; SIZE AB We have synthesized nanoparticles of ZnS doped with Mn for potential use as cathodoluminescent phosphors in field-emission displays (FEDs). We show that the cathodoluminescent efficiency of particles less than or equal to 100 nm in diameter is within 40% of that of a commercial (micron-sized) phosphor when the electron-beam energy ranges between 500 and 3500 eV. The nanoparticles exhibit less current saturation than larger-sized phosphors, an important feature for use in FEDs. Furthermore, the nanoparticles were annealed at just 535 degrees C, hundreds of degrees below the processing temperatures of standard phosphors. Finally, we discuss the effect of the particle surface on low-voltage luminous efficiency. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)02032-X]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Condensed Matter & Radiat Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dinsmore, AD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6930,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 9 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 6 BP 802 EP 804 DI 10.1063/1.124518 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 222FJ UT WOS:000081772600020 ER PT J AU Glazounov, AE Wang, S Zhang, QM Kim, C AF Glazounov, AE Wang, S Zhang, QM Kim, C TI High-efficiency piezoelectric motor combining continuous rotation with precise control over angular positioning SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The letter describes a piezoelectric motor that combines the merits of piezoelectric materials, such as high power density generated at electromechanical resonance, and a precise control of displacement. The motor utilizes a direct coupling mechanism between the stator and rotor, where a clutch drives the rotor via locking it. The direct coupling makes it possible to transmit the whole power generated in the piezoelectric element to the rotor, and thus achieve the high efficiency of the motor. It also allows the combining of two regimes of operation: continuous rotation and a stepwise motion within a 360 degrees interval with a high resolution of angular displacement. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)03232-5]. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Glazounov, AE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 9 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 6 BP 862 EP 864 DI 10.1063/1.124538 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 222FJ UT WOS:000081772600040 ER PT J AU Williams, BA L'Esperance, DM Fleming, JW AF Williams, BA L'Esperance, DM Fleming, JW TI Chemiluminescent production of CF2 ((A)over-tilde(1)B(1)) following the reaction O(D-1)+C2F4 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-ATOMS; TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE; EMISSION; O(1D) AB Emission from CF2 ((A) over tilde(1)B(1)) was observed following the photolysis of N2O at 210 nm in the presence of C2F4. Wavelength-resolved emission spectra confirm CF, as the spectral carrier. The emission decay time and intensity varies with the partial pressure of C2F4; the emission is shown to result from the reaction between O(D-1) and C2F4. Analysis of the fluorescence decay rate as a function of C2F4 concentration yields a rate coefficient of (2.4 +/- 0.3) x 10(13) cm(3)/mol-s for the O(D-1) + C2F4 reaction at 296 K. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rigths reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Williams, BA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 1999 VL 309 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00653-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 224XX UT WOS:000081926200011 ER PT J AU Jones, TR Obaldia, N Gramzinski, RA Charoenvit, Y Kolodny, N Kitov, S Davis, HL Krieg, AM Hoffman, SL AF Jones, TR Obaldia, N Gramzinski, RA Charoenvit, Y Kolodny, N Kitov, S Davis, HL Krieg, AM Hoffman, SL TI Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs enhance immunogenicity of a peptide malaria vaccine in Aotus monkeys SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE CpG motif; oligodeoxynucleotide; immunization; malaria; Aotus ID IMMUNOSTIMULATORY DNA-SEQUENCES; MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; BACTERIAL-DNA; B-CELL; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IMMUNE ACTIVATION; OWL MONKEY; ANTIGEN; ADJUVANTS; IMMUNIZATION AB Synthetic peptide and recombinant protein vaccines are optimally immunogenic when delivered with an effective adjuvant, Candidate vaccines currently insufficiently immunogenic may induce a protective immunity if they could be delivered with more effective adjuvants, For example, immunogens that induce promising responses when administered to mice with complete and incomplete Freund's adjuvants perform less well in primate animal models where complete Freund's adjuvant is not used. We report the use of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs, the sequences of which are based on immunostimulatory bacterial DNA sequences, to enhance the immune response in Aotus monkeys to a synthetic peptide malaria vaccine, Monkeys were immunized with the synthetic peptide PADRE 45, a synthetic peptide containing amino acid sequences derived from the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) from Plasmodium falciparum, and delivered in an emulsion of saline and Montanide 720, a mannide oleate in oil solution, that also contained one of three oligodeoxynucleotides. The animals receiving oligodeoxynucleotides containing either three or four CpG motifs produced antibodies that bound a recombinant CSP as measured in ELISA, and reacted with P. falciparum sporozoites in a sporozoite immunofluorescent test. These responses were significantly greater than those seen in animals receiving the oligodeoxynucleotide without CpG motifs, These data indicate that oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs improve immunogenicity of peptide immunogens in non-human primates, and may be immunopotentiators useful in humans. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd, All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Promed Trading SA, Panama City, Panama. Gorgas Mem Lab, Panama City, Panama. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC USA. Ottawa Hosp, Loeb Hlth Res Inst, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Fac Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Fac Hlth Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. CPG ImmunoPharmaceut Inc, Wellesley, MA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Interdisciplinary Immunol Program, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. CPG ImmunoPharmaceut, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Jones, TR (reprint author), NMRC Annex, 12300 Washington Ave, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RI Obaldia, Nicanor/O-8460-2015; OI Obaldia, Nicanor/0000-0002-3711-9449 NR 32 TC 129 Z9 135 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 6 PY 1999 VL 17 IS 23-24 BP 3065 EP 3071 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00145-0 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 225KD UT WOS:000081957300015 PM 10462241 ER PT J AU Rogers, WO Gowda, K Hoffman, SL AF Rogers, WO Gowda, K Hoffman, SL TI Construction and immunogenicity of DNA vaccine encoding four Plasmodium vivax candidate vaccine plasmids antigens SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium vivax; malaria; DNA vaccine ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MALARIA VACCINE; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; CS EPITOPES; GENE; IMMUNIZATION; CLONING; CHLOROQUINE; ANTIBODIES; EXPRESSION AB Plasmodium vivax is the second most common agent of human malaria. Although infection is rarely fatal, it nonetheless imposes a significant burden of illness in endemic areas. A successful vaccine against P, vivax will likely need to induce immune responses against both pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic stage forms of the parasite. Accordingly, we constructed eight nucleic acid vaccines based on four antigens, the circumsporozoite protein (PvCSP) and sporozoite surface protein 2 (PvSSP2) from the pre-erythrocytic stage, and apical membrane antigen 1 (PvAIMA1) and merozoite surface protein 1 (PVMSP1) from the erythrocytic stage. The constructs induced high levels of specific antibody in mice regardless of whether the antigen was expressed in native form or fused to a human tissue plasminogen activator leader peptide. High titer antibodies induced against PvCSP did not react with the protective AGDR epitope within the sequence of this antigen. These results support the immunogenicity of these four vaccine candidate antigens when delivered as nucleic acid vaccines. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Rogers, WO (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 12300 Washington Ave, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 6 PY 1999 VL 17 IS 23-24 BP 3136 EP 3144 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00146-2 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 225KD UT WOS:000081957300024 PM 10462250 ER PT J AU Karle, IL Ranganathan, D Kurur, S AF Karle, IL Ranganathan, D Kurur, S TI A unique example of a self-assembled hydrogen-bonded polynuclear sheet in the solid-state structure of a retrobispeptide-copper(II) complex SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 4 PY 1999 VL 121 IS 30 BP 7156 EP 7157 DI 10.1021/ja990446j PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 227UH UT WOS:000082098000024 ER PT J AU Brandow, SL Chen, MS Aggarwal, R Dulcey, CS Calvert, JM Dressick, WJ AF Brandow, SL Chen, MS Aggarwal, R Dulcey, CS Calvert, JM Dressick, WJ TI Fabrication of patterned amine reactivity templates using 4-chloromethylphenylsiloxane self-assembled monolayer films SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE ELECTROLESS METALLIZATION; ORGANOSILANE MONOLAYERS; METAL-DEPOSITION; FORCE MICROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; SURFACES; PROBE; SILICON; LITHOGRAPHY; ADSORPTION C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Shipley Co Inc, Marlborough, MA 01760 USA. RP Dressick, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6950,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 68 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 3 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 16 BP 5429 EP 5432 DI 10.1021/la9902082 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 227KJ UT WOS:000082079300039 ER PT J AU Price, GL AF Price, GL TI On the classification of binary shifts of minimal commutant index SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE conjugacy class; commutant index; subfactor index ID CONJUGACY CLASSES; TYPE-II1 FACTORS; HYPERFINITE AB We provide a complete classification up to conjugacy of the binary shifts of commutant index 2 on the hyperfinite II1 factor. There is a natural correspondence between the conjugacy classes of these shifts and polynomials over GF(2) satisfying a certain duality condition. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Price, GL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 3 PY 1999 VL 96 IS 16 BP 8839 EP 8844 DI 10.1073/pnas.96.16.8839 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 223HL UT WOS:000081835500015 PM 10430857 ER PT J AU Twigg, ME Henry, RL Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Culbertson, JC AF Twigg, ME Henry, RL Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Culbertson, JC TI Nucleation layer microstructure, grain size, and electrical properties in GaN grown on a-plane sapphire SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FILMS AB We have investigated the microstructural origins of center-to-edge differences in the electrical properties of GaN films grown on a-plane sapphire via metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy. Using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, we have observed that the grain size at the wafer edge is approximately 1 mu m, whereas the grain size in the wafer center ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 mu m. The smaller grain size at the wafer center is traced to a higher density of extended defects in the AlN nucleation layer: defects which, in turn, act as nucleation sites for GaN grain growth. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)03831-0]. C1 USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Twigg, ME (reprint author), USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 2 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 5 BP 686 EP 688 DI 10.1063/1.124482 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 220BF UT WOS:000081644100031 ER PT J AU Hellberg, CS Erwin, SC AF Hellberg, CS Erwin, SC TI Strongly correlated electrons on a silicon surface: Theory of a Mott insulator SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; TRIANGULAR-LATTICE; HUBBARD-MODEL; GROUND-STATE; SI(111); METAL; PARAMETERS; GAAS(110); SYSTEMS; ORDER AB We demonstrate theoretically that the electronic ground state of the potassium-covered Si(111)-B surface is a Mott insulator, explicitly contradicting band theory but in good agreement with recent experiments. We determine the physical structure by standard density-functional methods, and obtain the electronic ground state by exact diagonalization of a many-body Hamiltonian. The many-body conductivity reveals a Brinkman-Rice metal-insulator transition at a critical interaction strength; the calculated interaction strength is well above this critical value. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hellberg, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010 NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 2 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1003 EP 1006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.1003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 223BT UT WOS:000081820400029 ER PT J AU Miyakawa, N Zasadzinski, JF Ozyuzer, L Guptasarma, P Hinks, DG Kendziora, C Gray, KE AF Miyakawa, N Zasadzinski, JF Ozyuzer, L Guptasarma, P Hinks, DG Kendziora, C Gray, KE TI Predominantly superconducting origin of large energy gaps in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta from tunneling spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; BEHAVIOR; DENSITY; WAVE AB New tunneling data are reported in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta which show quasiparticle excitation gaps, a, reaching values as high as 60 meV for underdoped crystals with T-c = 70 K. These energy gaps are nearly 3 times larger than those of overdoped crystals with similar T-c. Despite the large differences in gap magnitude, the tunneling spectra display qualitatively similar characteristics over the entire doping range. Detailed examination of the spectra, including the Josephson IcRn product measured in break junctions, indicates that these energy gaps are predominantly of superconducting origin. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sci Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Phys, TR-35230 Izmir, Turkey. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Miyakawa, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011 NR 24 TC 185 Z9 187 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 2 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1018 EP 1021 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.1018 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 223BT UT WOS:000081820400033 ER PT J AU Karle, IL AF Karle, IL TI Aspects of peptide folding and aggregation SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID RIGHT-HANDED HELICES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AMINO-ACIDS; SOLUTION CONFORMATIONS; CYCLIC PEPTIDE; ALPHA-HELIX; BETA-SHEET; DESIGN; PROTEINS C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 65 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 32 IS 8 BP 693 EP 701 DI 10.1021/ar9702942 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 232UD UT WOS:000082387600008 ER PT J AU Sartwell, BD Bretz, PE AF Sartwell, BD Bretz, PE TI HVOF thermal spray coatings replace hard chrome SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB High-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray coatings provide enhanced performance while mitigating the environmental problems of hard chrome plating. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Metcut Res Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45209 USA. RP Sartwell, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0026-0665 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 156 IS 2 BP 25 EP 28 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 223WY UT WOS:000081865600003 ER PT J AU Shad, JA Schindler, WR AF Shad, JA Schindler, WR TI Spontaneous peritonitis due to Streptococcus bovis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Med Editing, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Shad, JA (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Med Editing, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 94 IS 8 BP 2327 EP 2327 DI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.02327.x PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 223YJ UT WOS:000081868900069 PM 10445588 ER PT J AU Gomez-Saladin, E Fryauff, DJ Taylor, WRJ Laksana, BS Susanti, AI Purnomo Subianto, B Richie, TL AF Gomez-Saladin, E Fryauff, DJ Taylor, WRJ Laksana, BS Susanti, AI Purnomo Subianto, B Richie, TL TI Plasmodium falciparum mdr1 mutations and in vivo chloroquine resistance in Indonesia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PFMDR1 GENE; HALOFANTRINE RESISTANCE; IN-VITRO; IRIAN-JAYA; AMPLIFICATION; ASSOCIATION; MEFLOQUINE; SELECTION; SENSITIVITY; PERFORMANCE AB Mutations in the Pfmdr1 gene are reported to be associated with chloroquine resistance in some Plasmodium falciparum isolates. A polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used for the detection of Pfmdr1 mutations in chloroquine-resistant held isolates of P. falciparum collected in Irian Jaya. The frequency of Pfmdr1 mutations was significantly higher in chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum parasites than background frequencies observed in the same location. The 7G8 mutation was identified in some parasites although always in a mixed genotype status. Chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum specimens were characterized using the World Wealth Organization 28-day criteria, supplemented by demonstrating adequate chloroquine absorption and genetic analysis. C1 USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 2, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. Prov Hlth Serv, Jayapura, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Gomez-Saladin, E (reprint author), USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 2, 1887 Powhatan St, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011 NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 61 IS 2 BP 240 EP 244 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 227VQ UT WOS:000082101000012 PM 10463673 ER PT J AU Fleischer, P Bowles, FA AF Fleischer, P Bowles, FA TI Turbidity currents generated by seafloor impact of geotextile fabric containers SO APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE turbidity current; geosynthetic fabric; geotextile; ocean disposal ID SEA; DEPOSITION; SEDIMENT; DENSITY; FLOW AB The disposal of waste material via a geosynthetic fabric container (GFC) may produce a turbidity current when the GFC impacts with the seafloor. Under this heretofore unrecognized scenario, rupture of a GFC could result in dispersal of contaminants over the seafloor by the turbidity current for far greater than expected distances. Simple estimates indicate that a turbidity current could carry entrained contaminants several kilometers from the GFC impact site. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Marine Geosci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Fleischer, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Marine Geosci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1187 J9 APPL OCEAN RES JI Appl. Ocean Res. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 21 IS 4 BP 215 EP 217 DI 10.1016/S0141-1187(99)00010-3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 222LX UT WOS:000081788000005 ER PT J AU Lucke, RL AF Lucke, RL TI Influence of Seidel distortion on combining beams from a phased telescope array SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB When beams from an array of afocal telescopes are presented to a beam-combining telescope, tilt errors of the beam wave fronts with respect to the combined wave front place limits on the achievable field of view (FOV); these limits, to the best of our knowledge, have not previously been correctly described in the literature. We show that if the front-end telescopes have just the right Seidel distortion coefficient, then tilt error does not Limit the FOV. if this is not the case, at least small FOV's can still be obtained, even if the FOV is not centered on the on-axis direction. (C) 1999 optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lucke, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7218, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lucke@poamb.nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 22 BP 4776 EP 4783 DI 10.1364/AO.38.004776 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 224MC UT WOS:000081902000006 PM 18323966 ER PT J AU Gorti, S Tone, H Imokawa, G AF Gorti, S Tone, H Imokawa, G TI Triangulation method for determining capillary blood flow and physical characteristics of the skin SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; COHERENCE; FLAPS; SPECTROSCOPY; TOMOGRAPHY; ARTERIAL; TISSUES AB A method capable of measuring blood flow at precise depths within the skin is described. The method determines the static and the dynamic properties of light that is backscattered to small areas on the surface of the skin at several contiguous locations along the expected trajectory of laser-light, propagation. From observations the method has been shown to be capable of determining physical characteristics that are unique to the different layers of the skin. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Kao Corp, Biol Sci Lab, Haga, Tochigi 32134, Japan. RP Gorti, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gorti@harker.nrl.navy.mil; 073733@kastanet.kao.co.jp NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 22 BP 4914 EP 4929 DI 10.1364/AO.38.004914 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 224MC UT WOS:000081902000022 PM 18323982 ER PT J AU Ho, LC Van Dyk, SD Pooley, GG Sramek, RA Weiler, KW AF Ho, LC Van Dyk, SD Pooley, GG Sramek, RA Weiler, KW TI Discovery of radio outbursts in the active nucleus of M81 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (NGC 3031); galaxies : nuclei; galaxies : Seyfert; radio continuum : galaxies ID GALACTIC NUCLEI; EMISSION-LINES; FLUX-DENSITY; GALAXY M81; SPECTRUM; SCALE AB The low-luminosity active galactic nucleus of M81 has been monitored at centimeter wavelengths since early 1993 as a by-product of radio programs to study the radio emission from supernova 1993J. The extensive data sets reveal that the nucleus experienced several radio outbursts during the monitoring period. At 2 and 3.6 cm, the main outburst occurred roughly in the beginning of 1993 September and lasted for approximately 3 months; at longer wavelengths, the maximum flux density decreases and the onset of the burst is delayed. These characteristics qualitatively resemble the standard model for adiabatically expanding radio sources, although certain discrepancies between the observations and the theoretical predictions suggest that the model is too simplistic. In addition to the large-amplitude, prolonged variations, we also detected milder changes in the flux density at 3.6 cm and possibly at 6 cm on short (less than or similar to 1 day) timescales. We discuss a possible association between the radio activity and an optical flare observed during the period that the nucleus was monitored at radio wavelengths. C1 Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Mullard Radio Astron Observ, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ho, LC (reprint author), Carnegie Observ, 813 Santa Barbara St, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. NR 40 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 118 IS 2 BP 843 EP 852 DI 10.1086/300950 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 232JZ UT WOS:000082368700021 ER PT J AU Gizis, JE Reid, IN Monet, DG AF Gizis, JE Reid, IN Monet, DG TI A 2MASS survey for brown dwarfs toward the Hyades SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : individual (Hyades); stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID LOW-MASS STARS; PLEIADES CLUSTER; MAIN-SEQUENCE; CANDIDATES; TAURUS; SPECTROSCOPY; METALLICITY; MEMBERS; SPECTRA; MODELS AB We present results of a search for very low mass stars and brown dwarfs toward the central region of the Hyades. Using Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) near-infrared and Second Palomar Sky Survey (POSS II) optical photometry, we select candidates corresponding to spectral types M8-L4 at the distance of the Hyades. Spectroscopic follow-up data indicate that none are cluster members. The lack of members in the mass range 0.08 M. < M < 0.06 M. is consistent with evidence that this 600 Myr-old cluster is deficient in very low mass objects. Three of our objects are of spectral type Mg, with surface gravity-sensitive features intermediate between dwarfs and giants. We interpret these objects as background brown dwarfs, perhaps associated with the Taurus star formation region. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. CALTECH, Palomar Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM gizis@stratford.phast.umass.edu NR 43 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 118 IS 2 BP 997 EP 1004 DI 10.1086/300982 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 232JZ UT WOS:000082368700037 ER PT J AU Tateyama, CE Kingham, KA Kaufmann, P Piner, BG Botti, LCL de Lucena, AMP AF Tateyama, CE Kingham, KA Kaufmann, P Piner, BG Botti, LCL de Lucena, AMP TI Observations of OJ 287 from the geodetic-VLBI archive of the Washington correlator SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : individual (OJ 287); galaxies : jets; radio continuum : galaxies ID LACERTAE OBJECT OJ-287; REFERENCE FRAME SOURCES; BL-LACERTAE; POLARIZATION STRUCTURE; RADIO AB We present 27 geodetic VLBI maps of OJ 287 obtained from the archive of the Washington correlator. The observations presented here were made between 1990 October and 1996 December. During this period a sequence of six superluminal components has been identified. We measured the proper motion of these components to be approximately 0.5 mas yr(-1), which is about twice as high as that seen in previous VLBI observations. These results imply a higher component ejection rate than previously observed, in good agreement with the observed occurrences of radio outbursts. We have examined a possible connection between VLBI components and optical flares in the framework of a binary black hole system. C1 INPE, Ctr Radio Astron & Aplicacoes Espacias, Inst Presbiteriano Mackenzie, BR-01302000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. USN Observ, Earth Orientat Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. INPE, CRAAE, Radio Observ Espacial Nordeste, Eusebio, Fortaleza, Brazil. RP Tateyama, CE (reprint author), INPE, Ctr Radio Astron & Aplicacoes Espacias, Inst Presbiteriano Mackenzie, Rua Consolacao 896, BR-01302000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 520 IS 2 BP 627 EP 633 DI 10.1086/307475 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 218EQ UT WOS:000081540600020 ER PT J AU Zarro, DM Sterling, AC Thompson, BJ Hudson, HS Nitta, N AF Zarro, DM Sterling, AC Thompson, BJ Hudson, HS Nitta, N TI SOHO EIT observations of extreme-ultraviolet "dimming" associated with a halo coronal mass ejection SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : corona; sun : flares; sun : UV radiation; sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; SOLAR-FLARE AB A solar flare was observed on 1997 April 7 with the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) on Yohkoh. The flare was associated with a "halo" coronal mass ejection (CME). The flaring region showed areas of reduced soft X-ray (SXR) brightness-"dimmings"-that developed prior to the CME observed in white Light and persisted for several hours following the CME. The most prominent dimming regions were located near the ends of a preflare SXR S-shaped (sigmoid) feature that disappeared during the event, leaving behind a postflare SXR arcade and cusp structure. Based upon these and similar soft X-ray observations, it has been postulated that SXR dimming regions are the coronal signatures (i.e., remnants) of magnetic flux ropes ejected during CMEs. This Letter reports new observations of coronal dimming at extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths obtained with the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). A series of EIT observations in the 195 Angstrom Fe XII wavelength band were obtained simultaneously with SXT during the 1997 April 7 flare/CME. The EIT observations show that regions of reduced EW intensity developed at the same locations and at the same time as SXR dimming features. The decrease in EW intensity (averaged over each dimming region) occurred simultaneously with an increase in EUV emission from flaring loops in the active region. We interpret these joint observations within the framework of flux-rope eruption as the cause of EUV and SXR coronal dimmings, and as the source of at least part of the CME. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SM&A Syst Solut Grp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Solar Phys Res Corp, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Zarro, DM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SM&A Syst Solut Grp, Code 682-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 18 TC 103 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 520 IS 2 BP L139 EP L142 DI 10.1086/312150 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 218ER UT WOS:000081540700016 ER PT J AU Warner, CB Martin, MK AF Warner, CB Martin, MK TI eXpTools: A C++ class library for animation, tachistoscopic presentation, and response timing SO BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS INSTRUMENTS & COMPUTERS LA English DT Article ID IBM-PC; RESOLUTION; LANGUAGE; VGA; PRECISION; COMPUTERS; STIMULI AB The eXpTools Library is a general-purpose tool for developing psychological experiments that combine animation with tachistoscopic presentation. The library's C++ classes and assembly language functions are specialized for the creation of visual response time experiments. Its use is limited to variants of standard, 16-color, VGA. high-graphics modes. However, it extends the capabilities of these modes through bit-plane animation techniques and a new, nonstandard, high-resolution graphics mode that will work with standard VGA cards and register-compatible cards. These techniques make possible a powerful animation class for managing complex animation or tachistoscopic presentations consisting of hundreds or thousands of frames. The library also combines such features as page flipping, screen blanking, video-refresh synchronization, interrupt-driven millisecond timing, interrupt-driven keyboard response collection, graphics primitives, bitmaps, and screen fonts. Utilities allow for the conversion of PCX graphics files and the creation of new screen fonts from monochrome bitmap files. The technologies and techniques underlying the library are presented along with an example program. C1 Kutztown State Univ, Dept Psychol, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL USA. RP Warner, CB (reprint author), Kutztown State Univ, Dept Psychol, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC PI AUSTIN PA 1710 FORTVIEW RD, AUSTIN, TX 78704 USA SN 0743-3808 J9 BEHAV RES METH INS C JI Behav. Res. Methods Instr. Comput. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 31 IS 3 BP 387 EP 399 DI 10.3758/BF03200717 PG 13 WC Psychology, Mathematical; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 237XW UT WOS:000082682700001 PM 10502860 ER PT J AU Grem, JL Nguyen, D Monahan, BP Kao, V Geoffroy, FJ AF Grem, JL Nguyen, D Monahan, BP Kao, V Geoffroy, FJ TI Sequence-dependent antagonism between fluorouracil and paclitaxel in human breast cancer cells SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE taxanes; fluorouracil; drug interactions; DNA damage; p53; p21; Bcl-2 ID COLON-CANCER; IN-VITRO; TUMOR-CELLS; PHASE-I; TAXOL; DNA; CYTOTOXICITY; 5-FLUOROURACIL; DOXORUBICIN; CISPLATIN AB The effects of 24-hr exposures to 5-fluorouracil (FUra) and paclitaxel in Various sequences were studied in MCF-7 breast cancer cells to determine an optimal schedule for possible clinical use. In clonogenic assays, pre-exposure to FUra followed by paclitaxel resulted in marked antagonism, while sequential paclitaxel followed by FUra was optimal. Concurrent or pre exposure to paclitaxel did not affect [H-3]FUra metabolism, [H-3]FUra-RNA incorporation, or the extent of FUra-mediated thymidylate synthase inhibition. Paclitaxel led to G(2)/M phase accumulation that persisted for up to 24 hr after drug exposure, while a 24-hr FUra exposure produced S-phase accumulation. FUra pre-exposure diminished paclitaxel-associated G(2)/M phase block, whereas subsequent exposure to FUra after paclitaxel did not. FUra exposure resulted in transient induction of p53 and p21, which returned to basal levels 24 hr after drug removal. p53 and p21 protein content also increased markedly during paclitaxel exposure, accompanied by phosphorylation of Bcl-2. Double-stranded DNA fragmentation(similar to 50 kb) was seen at 48 hr when cells were exposed to paclitaxel for an initial 24-hr period. Paclitaxel-associated DNA fragmentation was not prevented by concurrent or subsequent exposure to FUra. Thus, paclitaxel-mediated G(2)/M phase arrest appeared to be a crucial step in induction of DNA fragmentation. Since an initial 24-hr paclitaxel exposure did not interfere with subsequent FUra metabolism or thymidylate synthase inhibition, and delayed exposure to FUra did not impede either paclitaxel-mediated induction of mitotic blockade or DNA fragmentation, the sequence of paclitaxel followed by FUra is recommended for clinical trials. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, NCI, Med Branch,Dev Therapeut Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Hematol Oncol Sect, Dept Med, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Grem, JL (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, NCI, Med Branch,Dev Therapeut Dept, 8901 Wisconsin Ave,Bldg 8,Room 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 35 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 58 IS 3 BP 477 EP 486 DI 10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00099-4 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 210LH UT WOS:000081106600013 PM 10424768 ER PT J AU Berry, A Turner, NH AF Berry, A Turner, NH TI Low-temperature metallization of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) by chemical vapor deposition SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE MODIFICATION; FLUOROCARBON POLYMERS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; TRIMETHYLAMINE ALANE; POLYIMIDE INTERFACE; TRIETHYLAMINE ALANE; ALUMINUM FILMS; TEFLON PFA; ADHESION AB Aluminum films were deposited on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) substrates pretreated with TiCl4 vapor at ambient temperature for Ih and exposed to dimethylethylamine alane vapor for 8-72 h also at ambient temperature. The films were adherent, conducting, and polycrystalline with no preferred orientation. Scanning electron micrographs showed the surfaces to be rough and porous. X-ray photoelectron spectra contained evidence of oxidized and metallic AZ, as well as F, O, C, and Cl. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Berry, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1980 EP 1985 DI 10.1021/cm980412v PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 227YZ UT WOS:000082108800009 ER PT J AU Ferrer, JR Lahti, PM George, C Antorrena, G Palacio, F AF Ferrer, JR Lahti, PM George, C Antorrena, G Palacio, F TI Synthesis, crystallography, and magnetic properties of 2-tert-butylaminoxylbenzimidazole SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS; NITRONYL; RADICALS; CRYSTAL AB The title nitroxide is stable at room temperature for months. ESR spectroscopy shows moderate spin delocalization from the nitroxide unit onto the benzimidazole unit. The radical crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbca space group, forming columns that are joined by hydrogen bonds into a pseudo-2D motif. Magnetic susceptibility studies of a polycrystalline sample at low temperatures are best fit to a simple planar 2D Heisenberg model with S = 1/2 spin sites, having a Weiss constant of theta = -4.24 K and an intraplane exchange interaction of J/k = -1.60 K. Computational modeling of various close-contact dimeric interactions in the crystal structure suggest that the largest interaction in the system occurs between nearby nitroxide units related by a center of inversion and that this interaction is responsible for the overall antiferromagnetic interaction observed. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. RP Lahti, PM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RI Palacio, Fernando/A-1270-2013 OI Palacio, Fernando/0000-0002-6403-7270 NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 11 IS 8 BP 2205 EP 2210 DI 10.1021/cm990149d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 227YZ UT WOS:000082108800039 ER PT J AU Helliwell, TM Konkowski, DA AF Helliwell, TM Konkowski, DA TI Testing a stability conjecture with plane-wave Cauchy horizons SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article ID GRAVITATIONAL-WAVES; BLACK-HOLES; SINGULARITIES; SPACE; INSTABILITY AB Plane-wave Cauchy horizons serve as an important testing ground for a previously developed Cauchy horizon stability conjecture. The conjecture uses test fields to predict the stability of Cauchy horizons in general relativistic spacetimes. Three cases are considered: single plane waves with (a) aligned test fields and (b) colliding test fields; and (c) non-singular interaction regions in colliding-wave spacetimes. A restricted form of the stability conjecture is proven for case (a). The conjecture is shown to agree with arbitrary exact back-reaction solutions in this case, as long as no Weyl-tensor singularities are introduced on an initial Cauchy surface. Four examples of case (b) are analysed; in three the conjecture agrees with exact back-reaction solutions, and in the fourth the conjecture correctly indicates instability, bur misjudges the type of singularity formed. A possible reason for the disagreement is discussed. Two examples of case (c) are analysed, in which test null dust is added to the interaction regions of a colliding electromagnetic spacetime (Bell-Szekeres) and a colliding gravitational wave spacetime (Chandrasekhar-Xanthopoulos). The conjecture is shown to agree with known exact back-reaction solutions. C1 Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Phys, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ London Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, Sch Math Sci, London E1 4NS, England. RP Helliwell, TM (reprint author), Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Phys, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD AUG PY 1999 VL 16 IS 8 BP 2709 EP 2728 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/16/8/310 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 226QQ UT WOS:000082032300012 ER PT J AU Good, MF Doolan, DL AF Good, MF Doolan, DL TI Immune effector mechanisms in malaria SO CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; PLASMODIUM-CHABAUDI-ADAMI; GROWTH IN-VITRO; CD4(+) T-CELLS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; RODENT MALARIA; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; FALCIPARUM MALARIA AB Malaria, a disease responsible for immense human suffering, is caused by infection with Plasmodium spp. parasites, which have a very complex life cycle - antigenically unique stages infect different tissues of the body. This review details recent developments in our understanding of immunity both to preerythrocytic stage antigens and to erythrocytic stage antigens. The former is largely mediated via CD8(+) T cells and involves IFN-gamma, nitric oxide, IL-12 and natural killer cells; the latter varies tin different hosts and with different parasites) but is largely mediated by antibody, helper T cells, nitric oxide and gamma delta T cells. The recent progress towards clinical trials of vaccine candidates against both the pre-erythrocytic stage and erythrocytic stage is also summarized, in particular the use of heterologous prime/boost strategies for the former and the use of MSP1 as a candidate vaccine for the latter. C1 Queensland Inst Med Res, Cooperat Res Ctr Vaccine Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Good, MF (reprint author), Queensland Inst Med Res, Cooperat Res Ctr Vaccine Technol, PO Royal Brisbane Hosp, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 73 TC 139 Z9 148 U1 1 U2 6 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0952-7915 J9 CURR OPIN IMMUNOL JI Curr. Opin. Immunol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 11 IS 4 BP 412 EP 419 DI 10.1016/S0952-7915(99)80069-7 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 223EU UT WOS:000081828600009 PM 10448141 ER PT J AU Machi, IZ Butler, JE Connell, SH Doyle, BP Maclear, RD Sellschop, JPF Sideras-Haddad, E Rebuli, DB AF Machi, IZ Butler, JE Connell, SH Doyle, BP Maclear, RD Sellschop, JPF Sideras-Haddad, E Rebuli, DB TI Diffusion characteristics of hydrogen in diamond SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on New Diamond Science and Technology (ICNDST-6) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA DE diffusion; hydrogen; plasma; trapping ID MICROSCOPY; MIGRATION; FILMS AB Hydrogen is known to play a significant role in the growth of diamond, and has been reported to influence its electrical properties. Despite some successes made in studying hydrogen in diamond, the configuration, chemistry and behaviour are not yet well established. This work is aimed at reporting on some of the outstanding questions about hydrogen in diamond. We report on micro-scanning Heavy Ion-Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (mu HI-ERDA) measurements of hydrogen in a type IIa diamond. The diamond was subjected to various treatments. These include plasma loading of hydrogen, creation of vacancies by ion implantation and annealing. The results show no evidence of the presence of hydrogen in the diamond bulk due to plasma loading, even after the creation of vacancies followed by plasma loading of hydrogen. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Witwatersrand, Schonland Res Ctr Nucl Sci, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. NRL, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Machi, IZ (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Schonland Res Ctr Nucl Sci, Private Bag 3, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Connell, Simon/F-2962-2015 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Connell, Simon/0000-0001-6000-7245 NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 8 IS 8-9 BP 1611 EP 1614 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(99)00024-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 225AU UT WOS:000081933800050 ER PT J AU Maclear, RD Butler, JE Connell, SH Doyle, BP Machi, IZ Rebuli, DB Sellschop, JPF Sideras-Haddad, E AF Maclear, RD Butler, JE Connell, SH Doyle, BP Machi, IZ Rebuli, DB Sellschop, JPF Sideras-Haddad, E TI The distribution of hydrogen in polycrystalline CVD diamond SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on New Diamond Science and Technology (ICNDST-6) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA DE CVD; diamond; elastic recoil detection; hydrogen ID MICROSCOPY AB The location of the hydrogen prevalent in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond has long been of much interest, not least because of the information it reveals about the H-driven growth mechanism. We have used micro-scanning elastic recoil detection analysis to map the hydrogen distribution in three dimensions in polycrystalline CVD diamond. The interface between two CVD layers, one grown with, and one grown without oxygen in the growth mixture has been studied for its hydrogen concentration. An upper limit on bulk hydrogen concentration has been determined. The possibility of hydrogen trapping in the bulk is also discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Witwatersrand, Schonland Res Ctr Nucl Sci, ZA-2050 Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa. USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Maclear, RD (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Schonland Res Ctr Nucl Sci, Private Bag 3, ZA-2050 Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Connell, Simon/F-2962-2015 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Connell, Simon/0000-0001-6000-7245 NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 8 IS 8-9 BP 1615 EP 1619 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(99)00061-8 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 225AU UT WOS:000081933800051 ER PT J AU Dai, LY Wieselthier, JE AF Dai, LY Wieselthier, JE TI Alignment properties in ordinal comparison of discrete event dynamic systems SO DISCRETE EVENT DYNAMIC SYSTEMS-THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE discrete event dynamic systems; simulation; communications; performance analysis; alignment ID RESOURCE COMMUNICATION-NETWORKS; SUBSET-SELECTION; MULTIPLE SERVICE; SIMULATION; OPTIMIZATION; CONVERGENCE AB In the design and optimization of discrete event dynamic systems, it is often necessary to order alternative designs based on their relative performance, i.e., to rank them from best to worst. In this paper, alignment of observed performance orders with true orders is considered and properties of the alignment are investigated. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient is a measure of agreement between the observed performance orders and the true ones. It is shown that Spearman's coefficient converges exponentially in the simulation time or observation time, which gives a strong evidence of the efficiency of order comparison for discrete event dynamic systems. In the context of simulation, the effect of simulation dependence on the alignment is also discussed. It is found that neither independent simulation nor the scheme of common random numbers (CRN), a popular scheme for variance reduction, can yield dominant performance. Finally, numerical examples based on a networking optimization problem are provided to illustrate the convergence of Spearman's coefficient. In these examples, the standard clock (SC) simulation technique provides much faster convergence than either independent simulations or CRN simulations. Both the SC and CRN methods use the same random number sequence to drive many events in parallel; however, under SC the events driving the parallel experiments are all identical, whereas under CRN they may be different. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Syst Sci & Math, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dai, LY (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Syst Sci & Math, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-6703 J9 DISCRETE EVENT DYN S JI Discret. Event Dyn. Syst.-Theory Appl. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 9 IS 3 BP 261 EP 284 DI 10.1023/A:1008301531221 PG 24 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 216VB UT WOS:000081464200003 ER PT J AU Hook, VYH Noctor, S Sei, CA Toneff, T Yasothornsrikul, S Kang, YH AF Hook, VYH Noctor, S Sei, CA Toneff, T Yasothornsrikul, S Kang, YH TI Evidence for functional localization of the proenkephalin-processing enzyme, prohormone thiol protease, to secretory vesicles of chromaffin cells SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOVINE ADRENAL-MEDULLA; HUMAN NK-CELLS; ENKEPHALIN PRECURSOR; MOLECULAR-FORMS; GRANULES; PEPTIDE; FUSION; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; PURIFICATION AB The biosynthesis of enkephalin opioid neuropeptides as well as numerous peptide hormones and neurotransmitters requires proteolytic processing of the respective prohormone precursors. We previously identified a novel cysteine protease known as prohormone thiol protease (PTP) as the major proenkephalin-processing enzyme in chromaffin granules (secretory vesicles) of bovine adrenal medulla. In this study, colocalization of PTP with (Met)enkephalin in regulated secretory vesicles was assessed by immunochemical approaches. Western blots demonstrated the presence of PTP in chromaffin granules, with equivalent levels of PTP protein in the soluble and membrane components of the vesicle. The presence of PTP in pituitary was also demonstrated by immunoblots. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated immunogold-labeled PTP and (Met)enkephalin within isolated chromaffin granules. In primary cultures of chromaffin cells, the discrete pattern of PTP and (Met)enkephalin immunofluorescence staining in neuritic extensions and cytoplasmic (perinuclear) regions of chromaffin cells is consistent with localization to secretory vesicles. Moreover, cosecretion of PTP and (Met)enkephalin from chromaffin cells occurred upon KCl depolarization in a calcium-dependent manner, indicating the localization of PTP and (Met)enkephalin within regulated secretory vesicles. Calcium-dependent secretion is a well known property of regulated secretory vesicle exocytosis. Overall, these results are consistent with the localization of PTP to functional, regulated secretory vesicles that contain (Met)enkephalin. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Hook, VYH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, 9500 Gilman Dr 0822, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM vhook@ucsd.edu NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD AUG PY 1999 VL 140 IS 8 BP 3744 EP 3754 DI 10.1210/en.140.8.3744 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 218CV UT WOS:000081536400044 PM 10433235 ER PT J AU Whitford, DJ AF Whitford, DJ TI Observations of current flow through the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER AB Seven transects of the narrowly-constricted mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, U.S.A., were made using an acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) and conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor during the period 16-21 September 1996. Data were acquired while participating in the Chesapeake Bay Plume Outfall Experiment (COPE I). Seven CTD stations per transect were conducted across the 17 km wide mouth along with continuous high-resolution ADCP coverage. Although discontinuous, the transect data covered nearly all phases of a generic tidal current cycle. The ratio of water level anomaly to average depth was O(10(-3)) during the transects with atmospheric pressure and wind accounting for most of the anomaly. Freshwater discharge from the Bay was above normal during this period. The resultant flow structure obtained from the ADCP is much more complete than was previously possible with point measurements. Analysis in all tidal phases revealed near-isothermal conditions with horizontal and vertical temperature differences across the mouth rarely exceeding 1.0 degrees C in any tidal phase, higher surface salinity to the north coupled with higher subsurface salinity in the Chesapeake Channel and unidirectional flow from surface to depth. Horizontal and vertical current gradients were found to be quite strong, O(10(-3)) s(-1) and O(10(-2)) s(-1) respectively. A consistent feature found on nearly every ADCP transect was a subsurface flood current core and a surface ebb current core, both on the right side of the main channel in the direction of flow. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Whitford, DJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 49 IS 2 BP 209 EP 220 DI 10.1006/ecss.1999.0493 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 237JX UT WOS:000082653700004 ER PT J AU Fornari, M Peressi, M De Gironcoli, S Baldereschi, A AF Fornari, M Peressi, M De Gironcoli, S Baldereschi, A TI Floating bonds and gap states in a-Si and a-Si : H from first principles calculations SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DANGLING BONDS; DEFECTS; ENERGETICS AB We study in detail by means of ab initio pseudopotential calculations the electronic structure of five-fold coordinated (T-5) defects in a-Si and a-Si:H, also during their formation and their evolution upon hydrogenation. The atom-projected densities of states (DOS) and an accurate analysis of the valence charge distribution clearly indicate the fundamental contribution of T-5 defects in originating gap states through their nearest neighbors. The interaction with hydrogen can reduce the DOS in the gap annihilating T-5 defects. C1 Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis Teor, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Appliquee, PHB Ecublens, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Fornari, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Fornari, Marco/C-8848-2012; de Gironcoli, Stefano/G-7236-2011; OI Fornari, Marco/0000-0001-6527-8511; de Gironcoli, Stefano/0000-0002-2307-0998; PERESSI, MARIA/0000-0001-6142-776X NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 47 IS 4 BP 481 EP 486 DI 10.1209/epl/i1999-00413-7 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229WX UT WOS:000082219700012 ER PT J AU Israeli, E AF Israeli, E TI Sowing doubt optimally in two-person repeated games SO GAMES AND ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID 2-PERSON REPEATED GAMES; INCOMPLETE INFORMATION; REPUTATION AB Consider a two-person repeated game, where one of the players, P1, can sow doubt, in the mind of his opponent, as to what Fl's payoffs are. This results in a two-person repeated game with incomplete information. By sowing doubt, P1 can sometimes increase his minimal equilibrium payoff in the original game. We prove that this minimum is maximal when only one payoff matrix, the negative of the payoff matrix of the opponent, is added (the opponent thus believes that he might play a zero-sum game). We obtain two formulas for calculating this maximal minimum payoff. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C7, D8. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Israeli, E (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0899-8256 J9 GAME ECON BEHAV JI Games Econ. Behav. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 203 EP 216 DI 10.1006/game.1998.0695 PG 14 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 224ZM UT WOS:000081929900004 ER PT J AU Max, MD Dillon, WP Nishimura, C Hurdle, BG AF Max, MD Dillon, WP Nishimura, C Hurdle, BG TI Sea-floor methane blow-out and global firestorm at the K-T boundary SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; TSUNAMI DEPOSIT; CARBON; WATER; SIZE AB A previously unsuspected source of fuel for the global firestorm recorded by soot in the Cretaceous-Tertiary impact layer may have resided in methane gas associated with gas hydrate in the end-Cretaceous seafloor. End-Cretaceous impact-generated shock and megawaves would have had the potential to initiate worldwide oceanic methane gas blow-outs from these deposits. The methane would likely have ignited and incompletely combusted. This large burst of methane would have been followed by longer-term methane release as a part of a positive thermal feedback in the disturbed ocean-atmosphere system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Max, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 18 IS 4 BP 285 EP 291 DI 10.1007/s003670050081 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 236FD UT WOS:000082587800004 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, P Kennedy, EJ Keskinen, MJ Basu, S McCarrick, M Preston, J Zwi, H Engebretson, M Wong, A Wuerker, R Kaiser, ML Desch, MD Goetz, K Bougeret, JL Manning, R AF Rodriguez, P Kennedy, EJ Keskinen, MJ Basu, S McCarrick, M Preston, J Zwi, H Engebretson, M Wong, A Wuerker, R Kaiser, ML Desch, MD Goetz, K Bougeret, JL Manning, R TI A wave interference experiment with HAARP, HIPAS, and WIND SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID F-REGION; IRREGULARITIES; RADIO; LAYER AB We report on the first experiment using two high power, high frequency transmitting facilities in a bistatic, interferometer mode. The HAARP and HIPAS facilities in Alaska radiated at 4525 kHz with total combined power of about 700 kW, in the direction of the WIND spacecraft. The WAVES experiment aboard WIND received the transmissions at a distance of about 25 earth radii. The experimental setup thus resembled Young's two-slit experiment. The expected interference pattern was observed; at the distance of WIND, the fringe size was about 30 km peak to peak. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Adv Power Technol Inc, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Observ Paris, DESPA, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Rodriguez, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6750, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 15 BP 2351 EP 2354 DI 10.1029/1999GL900525 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 221WT UT WOS:000081750700033 ER PT J AU Saks, NS Mani, SS Agarwal, AK Ancona, MG AF Saks, NS Mani, SS Agarwal, AK Ancona, MG TI A 475-V high-voltage 6H-SiC lateral MOSFET SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MOS devices; MOSFET's; power devices; RE-SURF; SiC; silicon carbide; specific on-resistance ID POWER AB High-voltage lateral MOSFET's on 6H- and 4H-SiC have been fabricated with 400-475 V breakdown voltage using the RESURF principle. An MOS electron inversion layer mobility of about 50 cm(2)/V-s is obtained on 6H-SiC wafers. This mobility is high enough such that the specific on-resistance of the 6H-SiC MOSFET's (similar to 0.29-0.77 Ohm-cm(2)) is limited by the resistance of the drift layer, as desired, However, the implanted drift layer resistance is about ten times higher than expected for the implant dose used. Design and process changes are described to decrease the on-resistance and increase the breakdown voltage. For 4H-SiC, extremely low mobility was obtained, which prevents satisfactory device operation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northrop Grumman Sci & Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. RP Saks, NS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 20 IS 8 BP 431 EP 433 DI 10.1109/55.778167 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 222NM UT WOS:000081791700017 ER PT J AU Shishkov, M Karwacki, F Hasan, Z Cunningham, JE AF Shishkov, M Karwacki, F Hasan, Z Cunningham, JE TI Modulation of visible light by AlAs-AlGaAs multiple-quantum-well p-i-n structures SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE electrooptical materials/devices; electrooptical modulation; phase modulation; quantum-well devices ID PHASE-MODULATOR; ELECTROABSORPTION MODULATORS AB We report measurements on the modulation of visible light by a multiple-quantum-well (MQW) modulator designed for normal incidence, The MQW structure is composed of AlAs-AlxGa1-xAs with an Al concentration x = 0.41. The structure exhibits an exciton absorption peak at 608 nm in the visible part of the spectrum. The phase and amplitude modulation properties of this structure were studied using a Michelson interferometer that employed a novel double lock-in detection technique. Phase and amplitude modulation were studied as a function of the wavelength to determine their maxima. In our structure, phase modulation up to 20 degrees and amplitude modulation up to 8% were observed. These values are comparable to what is typically achieved by using waveguide geometry. C1 Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Shishkov, M (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1176 EP 1179 DI 10.1109/3.777217 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 220WR UT WOS:000081691600009 ER PT J AU Felix, CL Bewley, WW Olafsen, LJ Stokes, DW Aifer, EH Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Yang, MJ AF Felix, CL Bewley, WW Olafsen, LJ Stokes, DW Aifer, EH Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Yang, MJ TI Continuous-wave type-II "W" lasers emitting at lambda=5.4-7.1 mu m SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CW lasers; laser thermal factors; mid-infrared lasers; optical pumping; quantum-well lasers; semiconductor device fabrication; semiconductor device measurements; semiconductor lasers ID DIODE-LASERS; QUANTUM; SUPERLATTICES; PERFORMANCE; CASCADE; GROWTH AB Optically pumped type-II W lasers emitting in the 5.4-7.1-mu m wavelength range and at continuous-wave (CW) temperatures up to 210 K are demonstrated. At 80 K, the maximum CW output power from a 40-mu m-wide pump stripe is 48 mW at 5.41 mu m and 31 mW at 6.05 mu m. Epitaxial-side-down heat sinking is provided by a new diamond-pressure-bond mounting technique, which requires minimal processing and maintains topside optical access. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Felix, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Olafsen, Linda/G-4996-2013 NR 18 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 11 IS 8 BP 964 EP 966 DI 10.1109/68.775314 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 218AA UT WOS:000081530100012 ER PT J AU Pereira, NR Fisher, A AF Pereira, NR Fisher, A TI Slower impedance collapse with hot anode and enhanced emission cathode SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIIIth International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL EINDHOVEN UNIV TECHNOL, EINDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS SP ABB Calor Emag Schaltanlagen AG, Eindhoven Univ Technol, HOLEC Middenspanning BV, IEEE Dielectr & Elect Insulat Soc, KEMA T&D Power, Netherlands Vacuum Soc, PHILIPS Analyt X Ray, Sandia Natl Lab, SIEMENS Energieubertrag & Energieverteil AG, TOSHIBA HO EINDHOVEN UNIV TECHNOL DE electrode effects; heating; surface contamination; vacuum discharge ID CLEANING TECHNIQUES; DIODES; PLASMA AB As most high power diodes, our nominally 1 kA and 300 kV diode shorts out during the pulse. This so-called impedance collapse can be affected by the anode temperature and by surface conditions on the carbon fiber cathode, With the tantalum anode at room temperature, impedance collapse occurs after about 200 ns, Collapse takes 100 ns longer when the anode is hot, 800-1200 K, Covering the carbon fibers in the cathode with cesium iodide delays collapse by another 100 ns, These observations are consistent with pre-shot removal of loosely bound adsorbates off the anode by the high temperature, and with easier electron emission from the cathode out of smaller, less violent explosive emission spots. C1 Ecopulse Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pereira, NR (reprint author), Ecopulse Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1169 EP 1174 DI 10.1109/27.782297 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 227DX UT WOS:000082064000055 ER PT J AU Cheng, J Xu, XX Lawson, WJ Calame, JP Castle, M Hogan, BP Granatstein, VL Nusinovich, GS Reiser, M AF Cheng, J Xu, XX Lawson, WJ Calame, JP Castle, M Hogan, BP Granatstein, VL Nusinovich, GS Reiser, M TI Experimental studies of a high power, X-band, coaxial gyroklystron SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIIIth International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL EINDHOVEN UNIV TECHNOL, EINDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS SP ABB Calor Emag Schaltanlagen AG, Eindhoven Univ Technol, HOLEC Middenspanning BV, IEEE Dielectr & Elect Insulat Soc, KEMA T&D Power, Netherlands Vacuum Soc, PHILIPS Analyt X Ray, Sandia Natl Lab, SIEMENS Energieubertrag & Energieverteil AG, TOSHIBA HO EINDHOVEN UNIV TECHNOL DE coaxial cavity; gyroklystron; harmonic; linear collider ID SCATTERING MATRIX FORMULATION; 2ND-HARMONIC GYROKLYSTRON; AMPLIFICATION; DESIGN; STABILITY; AMPLIFIER; CAVITY; GAIN AB Gyroklystrons are possible candidates for the RF sources in future linear colliders, A two-cavity and a three-cavity X-band gyroklystrons have been designed, built, and tested on the new 100 MW test bed at the University of Maryland, The theoretical design of the three-cavity X-band gyroklystron called for a peak power of 96 MW at an efficiency near 40% at a frequency of 8.568 GHz. In experiments, peak output power in the range of 75-85 MW at a frequency of 8.6 GHz has been measured with the three-cavity gyroklystron tube. The three-cavity tube was operated at electron beam voltage and current of 470 kV and 500 A, respectively. The efficiency is approximately 32% and the gain is approximately 30 dB, The pulse width of the output power signal is 1.7 mu s (full width at half maximum), while pulse repetition rate was limited to 2 Hz in this proof-of-principle study. This paper details the design, performance, and diagnostics of these two X-band gyroklystrons operating at the fundamental cyclotron resonance. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cheng, J (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1175 EP 1187 DI 10.1109/27.782298 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 227DX UT WOS:000082064000056 ER PT J AU Khalil, SB Cassels, FJ Shaheen, HI Pannell, LK El-Ghorab, N Kamal, K Mansour, M Savarino, SJ Peruski, LF AF Khalil, SB Cassels, FJ Shaheen, HI Pannell, LK El-Ghorab, N Kamal, K Mansour, M Savarino, SJ Peruski, LF TI Characterization of an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain from Africa expressing a putative colonization factor SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GM1-ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; FACTOR ANTIGENS; IDENTIFICATION; DIARRHEA; PROTEINS; SEQUENCE; CHILDREN; VACCINES; TOXIN AB An enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strain of serotype O114:H- that expressed both heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins and tested negative for colonization factors (CF) was isolated from a child with diarrhea in Egypt. This strain, WS0115A, induced hemagglutination of bovine erythrocytes and adhered to the enterocyte-like cell line Caco-2, suggesting that it may elaborate novel fimbriae. Surface-expressed antigen purified by differential ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography yielded a single protein band with M-r 14,800 when resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (16% polyacrylamide). A monoclonal antibody against this putative fimbrial antigen was generated and reacted with strain WS0115A and also with CS1-, CS17-, and CS19-positive strains in a dot blot assay. Reactivity was temperature dependent, with cells displaying reactivity when grown at 37 degrees C but not when grown at 22 degrees C. Immunoblot analysis of a fimbrial preparation from strain WS0115A showed that the monoclonal antibody reacted with a single protein band. Electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy revealed fimbria-like structures on the surface of strain WS0115A. These structures were rigid and measured 6.8 to 7.4 nm in diameter. Electrospray mass-spectrometric analysis showed that the mass of the purified fimbria was 14,965 Da. The N-terminal sequence of the fimbria established that it was a member of the CFA/I family, with sequence identity to the amino terminus of CS19, a new CF recently identified in India. Cumulatively, our results suggest that this fimbria is CS19. Screening of a collection of ETEC strains isolated from children with diarrhea in Egypt found that 4.2% of strains originally reported as CF negative were positive for this CF, suggesting that it is biologically relevant in the pathogenesis of ETEC. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Res Sci Dept, Cairo, Egypt. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Enter Infect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIDDKD, Struct Mass Spectrometry Grp, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Peruski, LF (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. RI Savarino, Stephen/A-8030-2011 FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y1-HD-0026-01] NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 67 IS 8 BP 4019 EP 4026 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 219ZA UT WOS:000081637400043 PM 10417169 ER PT J AU Brook, I Frazier, EH Yeager, JK AF Brook, I Frazier, EH Yeager, JK TI Microbiology of infected pustular psoriasis lesions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIOLOGY; ABSCESSES AB Background Bacterial infections can occur in lesions of pustular psoriasis (PP). The objective of this study was to establish the aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of secondarily infected PP. Methods A retrospective 10-year review was carried out of clinical and microbiology laboratory records from patients with secondarily infected PP lesions, whose specimens of infected sites were processed for the presence of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Results Bacterial growth was noted in 23 specimens. Aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria only were present in 12 patients (52%), anaerobic bacteria only in four (17%), and mixed anaerobic-aerobic flora was present in seven (30%). Thirty-six isolates were recovered (1.6 per specimen), 23 aerobic or facultative bacteria and 13 strict anaerobes. The predominant aerobic and facultative bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (15 isolates), Group D Enterococcus (two isolates), and Escherichia coli (two isolates). The predominant anaerobes were Peptostreptococcus spp. (six isolates) and Bacteroides fragilis group, Propionibacterium acnes, and pigmented Prevotella spp, in two each. Single bacterial isolates were recovered in 14 patients (61%), 11 of which were S. aureus. Nineteen of the organisms isolated from 18 patients (78%) produced the enzyme betalactamase. S. aureus was isolated from all body sites. Organisms that resided in the mucous membranes close to the lesions predominated in these infections. Enteric Gram-negative rods and Bacteroides fragilis group predominated in lesions on the legs and buttocks. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, pigmented Prevotella, and Fusobacterium spp. were most frequently recovered in lesions of the hand. Conclusions The polymicrobial etiology of secondarily infected PP lesions and the association of bacterial flora with the anatomic site of the lesions were demonstrated. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD USA. USN Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD USA. USN Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Brook, I (reprint author), POB 70412, Chevy Chase, MD 20813 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-9059 J9 INT J DERMATOL JI Int. J. Dermatol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 38 IS 8 BP 579 EP 581 DI 10.1046/j.1365-4362.1999.00766.x PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 235LH UT WOS:000082542800004 PM 10487445 ER PT J AU Lin, FL Kelso, JM AF Lin, FL Kelso, JM TI Pulmonary function studies in healthy Filipino adults residing in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spirometry; pulmonary function; forced expiratory volume; forced viral capacity; racial differences; Filipino ID NORMAL SPIROMETRIC VALUES AB Background: Differences in lung volumes among various ethnic groups are known to occur; however, this has not been studied in Filipinos. Objective: We sought to assess pulmonary function in healthy, nonsmoking Filipinos residing in the United States compared with standards for white subjects. Methods: Healthy adult Filipinos, age 18 years or greater, were recruited. All subjects were screened with health questionnaires to exclude those with cardiopulmonary disease. Pulmonary function tests were performed by using forced expiratory maneuvers. Values for FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, forced expiratory flow from 25% to 75% of FVC, and peak expiratory flow rate were compared with predicted values for white subjects (ie, without a racial adjustment). Results: Two hundred twenty-four healthy subjects (121 men and 103 women) completed the study. The group means (as a percentage of the predicted standard for white subjects) were as follows: FEV1, 86%; FVC, 84%; FEV1/FVC, 103%; forced expiratory flow from 25% to 75% of FVC, 96%; and peak expiratory flow rate, 107%, These findings are very similar to those for African Americans and other Asians. Conclusion: We conclude that it is appropriate to use an 85% racial adjustment for FEV1 and FVC when interpreting pulmonary function test results in Filipinos. C1 USN, Dept Internal Med, Div Allergy, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Lin, FL (reprint author), USN, Dept Clin Res, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 104 IS 2 BP 338 EP 340 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70376-3 PN 1 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 232HH UT WOS:000082364800025 PM 10452754 ER PT J AU Long, GW O'Brien, T AF Long, GW O'Brien, T TI Antibody-based systems for the detection of Bacillus anthracis in environmental samples SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Anthrax CY SEP 07-10, 1998 CL UNIV PLYMOUTH, PLYMOUTH, ENGLAND SP Soc Appl Microbiol, DERA, Chem & Biol Defence Sector, Ctr Appl Microbiol & Res, Federat European Microbiol Soc, Soc Gen Microbiol, US DOE, US Army Med Res & Mat Command HO UNIV PLYMOUTH C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Biol Def Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Long, GW (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, Biol Def Res Program, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 87 IS 2 BP 214 EP 214 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00877.x PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 237MJ UT WOS:000082659900008 ER PT J AU Messenger, SR Jackson, EM Burke, EA Walters, RJ Xapsos, MA Summers, GP AF Messenger, SR Jackson, EM Burke, EA Walters, RJ Xapsos, MA Summers, GP TI Structural changes in InP Si solar cells following irradiation with protons to very high fluences SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL RESPONSE AB Precisely how the short circuit current (J(SC)) is produced in a proton irradiated n(+) p InP/Si solar cell at very high fluence levels has been determined from combined measurements of the cell structure using electrochemical capacitance-voltage profiling and detailed analysis of the spectral quantum efficiency. Type conversion in the base region of the cell is shown to occur before an anomalous peak in the degradation curve for J(SC) is reached at high damage levels. The short circuit current, and hence the cell efficiency, ultimately collapse because the high absorption coefficient of InP eventually prevents the generation of electron-hole pairs close enough to the effective cell junction from being collected. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)08915-X]. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Messenger, SR (reprint author), SFA Inc, 1401 McCormick Dr, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 3 BP 1230 EP 1235 DI 10.1063/1.370876 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 216TD UT WOS:000081458800011 ER PT J AU Liou, MB Islam, S Fatemi, DJ Browning, VM Gillespie, DJ Harris, VG AF Liou, MB Islam, S Fatemi, DJ Browning, VM Gillespie, DJ Harris, VG TI Atomic structure, magnetism, and transport properties of damaged La0.67Ca0.33MnO3-delta processed via high-energy ball milling SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LA1-XCAXMNO3 AB A La0.67Ca0.33MnO3-delta alloy was produced via a low-temperature solid state reaction in a high-energy ball mill. The milled alloy is found to exhibit the paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic (P-F) transition at 150 K. However, the widely reported insulator-to-metal (I-M) transition that usually accompanies the P-F transition is totally suppressed. Anneals at 500-1000 degrees C in air (t = 8 h) are found to lower the resistivity but not restore the I-M transition. The suppression of the I-M transition is attributed to anion defects in the structure that have not been annihilated during heat treatments. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure is employed to track the evolution of the atomic structure around the Mn cations at various stages of processing. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)09115-X]. C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Virginia Union Coll, Richmond, VA 23220 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liou, MB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 3 BP 1607 EP 1610 DI 10.1063/1.370934 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 216TD UT WOS:000081458800072 ER PT J AU Fitz-Gerald, JM Rack, PD Trottier, TA Ollinger, M Pennycook, SJ Gao, H Singh, RK AF Fitz-Gerald, JM Rack, PD Trottier, TA Ollinger, M Pennycook, SJ Gao, H Singh, RK TI Synthesis of spherical luminescent particulate coatings SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-ABLATION AB In this communication, we show the feasibility of the pulsed laser ablation technique to make very thin, uniform luminescent coatings on particulate systems. To deposit continuous particulate coatings, the laser-induced plume from the target comes in contact with an agitated bed of core particles (size 1 mu m). The pressure and nature of the background gas (inert or active! controls the cluster size of the particles in the laser plume. Experiments were conducted for laser deposition of phosphor nanoparticles on SiO2 core particles by pulsed excimer laser wavelength=248 nm and pulse duration=25 ns) irradiation of a yttria: Eu (Y2O3:Eu3+) sputtering target. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)04815-X]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Microelect Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Motorola Inc, Flat Panel Display Div, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fitz-Gerald, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6372,Bldg 74, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 3 BP 1759 EP 1761 DI 10.1063/1.370959 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 216TD UT WOS:000081458800097 ER PT J AU Strauser, LM Helikson, MA Tobias, JD AF Strauser, LM Helikson, MA Tobias, JD TI Anesthetic care for the child with congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome (Ondine's curse) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ANESTHESIA LA English DT Review DE hypoventilation syndrome, congenital central alveolar; Ondine's curse; pediatrics ID HIRSCHSPRUNGS-DISEASE; STATUS EPILEPTICUS; AUTOMATIC-CONTROL; HEART-RATE; VENTILATION; PROPOFOL; FAILURE; INFANT; NEUROCRISTOPATHY; NEUROBLASTOMA AB Idiopathic congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome, otherwise known as Ondine's curse, is a rare neuropathologic syndrome characterized by an inadequate respiratory drive with hypoventilation and periods of prolonged apnea resulting in hypercarbia and hypoxemia. Although no definite pathologic abnormality has been identified to account for the disorder, it is thought to represent a primary defect related to altered function of central chemoreceptors resulting in defective control of minute ventilation. Associated problems related to neural crest cell migration, including neuroblastoma formation and Hirschsprung's disease, suggest that the primary defect is defective neural crest cell migration and function. Problems that may impact on perioperative care include the defective central control of ventilation and defective control of upper res;respiratory musculature, which may lead to upper. airway obstruction. Although many;patients will have previously undergone tracheostomy anti chronic mechanical ventilation, problems in other organ systems can impact on perioperative care. Cardiovascular issues include the possible presence of cor pulmonale and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Central nervous system issues include the frequent occurrence of seizures and mental retardation. The preoperative work-up, premedication, and the intraoperative/postoperative care and monitoring of these patients is reviewed. (C) 1999 by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Missouri, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Child Hlth, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Anesthesiol, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Surg, Columbia, MO USA. USN Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Tobias, JD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Child Hlth, 1 Hosp Dr, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0952-8180 J9 J CLIN ANESTH JI J. Clin. Anesth. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 11 IS 5 BP 431 EP 437 DI 10.1016/S0952-8180(99)00073-2 PG 7 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 241ZT UT WOS:000082914300015 PM 10526817 ER PT J AU Michael, NL Herman, SA Kwok, S Dreyer, K Wang, J Christopherson, C Spadoro, JP Young, KKY Polonis, V McCutchan, FE Carr, J Mascola, JR Jagodzinsi, LL Robb, ML AF Michael, NL Herman, SA Kwok, S Dreyer, K Wang, J Christopherson, C Spadoro, JP Young, KKY Polonis, V McCutchan, FE Carr, J Mascola, JR Jagodzinsi, LL Robb, ML TI Development of calibrated viral load standards for group M subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and performance of an improved AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test with isolates of diverse subtypes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; FULL-LENGTH SEQUENCE; GENETIC SUBTYPES; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; PLASMA; RNA; QUANTITATION; DISTINCT; ASSAY; NEUTRALIZATION AB Accurate determination of plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels is critical for the effective management of HIV-1 disease. The AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR Test, a reverse transcription-PCR-based test for quantification of HIV-1 RNA in plasma, was developed when little sequence information on HIV-1 isolates from outside North America was available. It has since become apparent that many non-subtype B isolates, particularly subtypes A and E, are detected inefficiently by the test. We describe here the AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR Test, version 1.5, an upgraded test developed to minimize subtype-related variation. We also developed a panel of HIV-1 standards containing 30 HIV-1 isolates of subtypes A through G. The virus particle concentration of each cultured viral stock was standardized by electron microscopic virus particle counting. We used this panel to determine the performance of the original AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR Test and version 1.5 of the test with HIV-1 subtypes A through G, The original test underestimated the concentration of HIV-1 subtype A E, F, and G RNA by 10-fold or more, whereas version of the 1.5 test yielded equivalent quantification of HIV-1 RNA regardless of the subtype. In light of the increasing intermixing of HIV-1 subtypes worldwide, standardization of PCR-based tests against well-characterized viral isolates representing the full range of HIV-1 diversity will be essential for the continued utility of these important clinical management tools, C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Dept Mol Diagnost & Pathogenesis, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Roche Mol Syst, Diagnost Dev, Somerville, NJ 08876 USA. Roche Mol Syst, Discovery Res, Alameda, CA 94501 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Dept Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Michael, NL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Dept Mol Diagnost & Pathogenesis, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 41 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 37 IS 8 BP 2557 EP 2563 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 216VR UT WOS:000081465600029 PM 10405401 ER PT J AU Perrin, PJ June, CH Maldonado, JH Ratts, RB Racke, MK AF Perrin, PJ June, CH Maldonado, JH Ratts, RB Racke, MK TI Blockade of CD28 during in vitro activation of encephalitogenic T cells or after disease onset ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; MYELIN BASIC-PROTEIN; IN-VIVO; CTLA-4 ENGAGEMENT; COUNTER-RECEPTOR; CLONAL EXPANSION; CLINICAL-DISEASE; TRANSGENIC MICE; B7-2; INDUCTION AB Previous studies have shown complex roles for the B7 receptors in providing both positive and negative regulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). B7 blockade can ameliorate clinical EAE by indirectly interfering with CD28 signaling. However, B7 blockade can also result in disease exacerbation, presumably by interfering with regulatory B7:CTLA-4 interactions, Therefore, we have directly targeted T cell CD28 with specific mAbs both during initial Ag priming and after the onset of clinical signs of EAE, We found that CD28 blockade ameliorated EAE during the efferent and afferent limbs of the immune response, Disease amelioration at disease onset was associated with suppression of TNF-alpha production. Finally, Ab blockade of T cell CD28 during the first disease episode resulted in significant attenuation of the subsequent disease course, with no significant relapses. In contrast to previous studies targeting APC B7 with CTLA4-Ig, reagents targeting CD28 can block ongoing disease. Therefore, the present results suggest a clinically relevant therapeutic scenario for human diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Med, Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Sect, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Immune Cell Biol Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Perrin, PJ (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Med, Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Sect, 909 BRB II,421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R29-AI43296]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01-NS-37513] NR 52 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 163 IS 3 BP 1704 EP 1710 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 219ZX UT WOS:000081640000078 PM 10415078 ER PT J AU Dagenais, DM Goldberg, L Moeller, RP Burns, WK AF Dagenais, DM Goldberg, L Moeller, RP Burns, WK TI Wavelength stability characteristics of a high-power, amplified superfluorescent source SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE erbium; gyroscope; superluminescent diodes; wavelength measurement; ytterbium ID FIBER SOURCE; OUTPUT; NOISE; GAIN; BAND AB This paper demonstrates a stable, broad-band two-stage superfluorescent source at 1.55 mu m consisting of am erbium-doped fiber (EDF) seed source and a high-power Er-Yb fiber amplifier. The source exhibited from 140 to 220 mW of power, 18 to 28 nm bandwidth, with an estimated mean wavelength stability from 1 to 10 ppm. Operating conditions for the seed source and amplifier required to achieve these performance characteristics are described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD USA. RP Dagenais, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1415 EP 1422 DI 10.1109/50.779163 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 224FF UT WOS:000081886200016 ER PT J AU Williams, KJ Esman, RD AF Williams, KJ Esman, RD TI Design considerations for high-current photodetectors SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heating; nonlinearities; photodetectors; photodiodes; p-i-n photodiodes; semiconductor device modeling; thermal factors ID I-N PHOTODETECTORS; HIGH-POWER; MICROWAVE PHOTODETECTORS; NONLINEARITIES; PHOTODIODE; INGAAS; PERFORMANCE; GHZ; LIMITATIONS; BANDWIDTH AB This paper outlines the design considerations for gigahertz-bandwidth, high-current p-i-n photodiodes utilizing In GaAs absorbers. The factors being investigated are photodetector intrinsic region length, intrinsic region doping density, temperature effects, illumination spot size, illumination wavelength, frequency, and illumination direction. Space-charge calculations are used to determine optimal device geometry and conditions which maximize saturation photocurrent, A thermal model is developed to study the effects of temperature on high-current photodetector performance. The thermal and space-charge model results are combined to emphasize the importance of thin intrinsic region lengths to obtain high current. Finally, a comparison between surface-illuminated p-i-n structures and waveguide structures is made to differentiate between the problems associated with achieving high current in each structure and to outline techniques to achieve maximum performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Williams, KJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 41 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 7 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1443 EP 1454 DI 10.1109/50.779167 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 224FF UT WOS:000081886200020 ER PT J AU Fitz-Gerald, JM Singh, RK Gao, H Wright, D Ollinger, M Marcinka, JW Pennycook, SJ AF Fitz-Gerald, JM Singh, RK Gao, H Wright, D Ollinger, M Marcinka, JW Pennycook, SJ TI Novel method for the synthesis of thin film coatings on particulate materials SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LASER ABLATION; YBA2CU3O7-X; GROWTH AB In this paper, we show the feasibility of the pulsed-laser ablation technique to grow 20-30-nm-thick, discrete and continuous coatings on particulate material systems so that the properties of the core particles can be suitably modified. Experiments were conducted with a pulsed excimer laser (lambda = 248 nm, pulse duration = 25 ns) to deposit nanoparticle coatings on Al2O3 and SiO2 core particles by irradiation of Ag and Y2O3-Eu3+ sputtering targets. Structural characterization was performed with scanning electron microscopy, wavelength dispersive x-ray mapping, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy with z-contrast. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6372, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 14 IS 8 BP 3281 EP 3291 DI 10.1557/JMR.1999.0444 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 235PG UT WOS:000082550800019 ER PT J AU Battaile, CC Srolovitz, DJ Butler, JE AF Battaile, CC Srolovitz, DJ Butler, JE TI Point defect incorporation during diamond chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; GROWTH; SURFACE; KINETICS; FILMS; MECHANISM; ACETYLENE; REACTORS; HYDROGEN; CH3 AB The incorporation of vacancies, H atoms, and sp(2) bond defects into single-crystal homoepitaxial (100) (2 x I)-and (Ill)-oriented chemical-vapor-deposited diamond was simulated by atomic-scale kinetic Monte Carlo. Simulations were performed for substrate temperatures from 600 to 1200 degrees C with 0.4% CH4 in the feed gas, and for 0.4-7% CH, feeds with a substrate temperature of 800 degrees C. The concentrations of incorporated H atoms increased with increasing substrate temperature and feed gas composition, and sp2 bond trapping increased with increasing feed gas composition. Vacancy concentrations were low under all conditions. The ratio of growth rate to H atom concentration was highest around 800-900 degrees C, and the growth rate to sp(2) ratio was maximum around 1% CH4, suggesting that these conditions are ideal for economical diamond growth under simulated conditions. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 14 IS 8 BP 3439 EP 3446 DI 10.1557/JMR.1999.0465 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 235PG UT WOS:000082550800040 ER PT J AU Griscom, DL Beltran-Lopez, V Merzbacher, CI Bolden, E AF Griscom, DL Beltran-Lopez, V Merzbacher, CI Bolden, E TI Electron spin resonance of 65-million-year-old glasses and rocks from the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Congress of Glass CY JUL 05-10, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA ID CHICXULUB CRATER; SHOCKED QUARTZ; EL-KEF; SPECTRA; IRON; RADIATION; TEKTITES; CENTERS; TUNISIA; STATE AB Glasses and rocks produced or altered by the colossal impact of an asteroid or comet with the earth 65 million years ago have been studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) and thin-section photomicroscopy. The ESR spectra reveal the presence of 1.9 +/- 0.5 wt% single-domain (SD) titanomagnetite particles (sizes in the range similar to 10-60 nm) in shock-melted rocks drilled from the floor of the giant Chicxulub crater ( greater than or equal to 180 km diameter) buried similar to 1 km below the surface of Mexico's Yucatan peninsula. These ferrimagnetic (ferrite) particles account for 37 +/- 9% of the total iron in the once-vitreous crater-floor rocks. Similar ferrites in particle sizes similar to 3 nm and amounts 0.13 +/- 0.03 wt% are found in coeval tektite glasses from Haiti. Additional SD titanomagnetite phases in particle sizes ranging from similar to 3 to similar to 4.5 nm and amounts 0.045 +/- 0.020 wt% are identified by ESR as markers of the Cretaceous-Tertiary (WT) boundary in limestones from two sites in Spain, where their ESR intensities rise above background by factors similar to 14. The latter WT-boundary 'marker' ferrites are hypothesized to have precipitated in vitreous materials ejected from the Chicxulub crater and to have survived aqueous weathering which converted their original glassy matrices to clays. Spherules from K/T-boundary beds in Mexico and New Jersey were found to contain amounts of ferrites not exceeding background levels; rather, their ESR spectra exhibit spectral components characteristic of Fe3+ in glasses and of previously reported radiation-induced paramagnetic species in crystalline quartz and calcite (CaCO3). Thin-section studies, including energy-dispersive spectroscopy, show the Mexican spherules to be fine-particle agglomerates (component grain sizes similar to 1-100 mu m) of calcite, dolomite (MgCa(CO3)(2)), and glass, with interstitial flint (a polycrystalline form of quartz assumed to have been deposited hydrolytically after the spherules fell to earth). It is argued that the carbonate-containing spherules originally condensed within a 'warm fireball' composed of water vapor and similar to 2000 km(3) of shock-vaporized limestone proposed by others to have been generated by the Chicxulub impact. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Griscom, DL (reprint author), USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012 NR 70 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD AUG PY 1999 VL 253 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00340-3 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 231EH UT WOS:000082294800002 ER PT J AU Wu, LX Liu, ZY Hurlburt, HE AF Wu, LX Liu, ZY Hurlburt, HE TI The effect of continental slope on buoyancy-driven circulation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN BOUNDARY-LAYER; OCEAN CIRCULATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; KUROSHIO EXTENSION; GEOSTROPHIC MODEL; GULF-STREAM; JEBAR; TRANSPORT; SEPARATION AB The effect of continental slope on buoyancy-driven circulation has been studied using a two-layer quasigeostrophic model. In the model, buoyancy flux is incorporated as interfacial mass flux, which consists of narrow intense detrainment in the north and broad entrainment in the south. The model explicitly shows that, in the presence of the continental slope, a small amount of buoyancy flux can drive a strong barotropic flow. This flow develops because the beta effect of bottom topography either reduces or deflects the buoyancy-driven deep flow so that it cannot compensate its overlying counterflow, thus generating a net transport. As a result, in a double gyre circulation with a western continental slope, a small amount of detrainment/entrainment water mass can substantially enhance the transport of the western boundary current through southwestern deflection of the deep subpolar circulation. For example, with a reasonable western continental slope, a 10 Sv (Sv equivalent to 10(6) m(3) s(-1)) detrainment mass flux can increase the transport of the western boundary current from 40 Sv of the wind-driven transport to 148 Sv. Relevance to the North Atlantic is then discussed. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wu, LX (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1881 EP 1891 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1881:TEOCSO>2.0.CO;2 PN 2 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 236PJ UT WOS:000082607500001 ER PT J AU Lin, RQ Perrie, W AF Lin, RQ Perrie, W TI Comments on "A new coastal wave model. Part V: Five-wave interactions" - Reply SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; DEEP-WATER WAVES; DIRECTIONAL SPECTRA; FINITE DEPTH; INSTABILITIES; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS C1 Hydromech Directorate, Carderock Div, W Betheda, MD USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ocean Sci Div, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Lin, RQ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dept Navy, Carderock Div Headquarters, David Taylor Model Basin,9500 MacArthur Blvd, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 29 IS 8 BP 2113 EP 2116 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<2113:R>2.0.CO;2 PN 2 PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 236PJ UT WOS:000082607500015 ER PT J AU Feuillade, C Clay, CS AF Feuillade, C Clay, CS TI Anderson (1950) revisited SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The Anderson fluid sphere scattering model [J. Acoust. Sec. Am. 22, 426-431 (1950)] is reexamined to clarify three issues which have been the source of misunderstanding among underwater acousticians. First, the accuracy of the Morse large range approximation for the spherical Hankel functions is investigated. It is shown that the minimum range for use of the approximation is strongly mode number dependent, and Should be carefully evaluated in short range and/or high frequency applications. Second, the precise characterization of the forward scatter region is studied. When the scattered field and the incident plane wave are combined, it is shown that little advantage is obtained in detection and localization applications by using forward scattering, rather than backscattering. Third, the translational response, or ''rebound,'' of the sphere under the action of the incident field is examined. By demonstrating that Anderson's theory is a limiting case of Faran's scattering model [J. Acoust. Sec. Am. 23, 405-418 (1951)] for an elastic sphere, which contains the rebound response, it is shown that the response is completely explainable within Anderson's theory, and is consistent with a description which uses a normal mode expansion around a fixed origin. (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)05808-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Geophys & Polar Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Feuillade, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 106 IS 2 BP 553 EP 564 DI 10.1121/1.427025 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 225YN UT WOS:000081993700002 ER PT J AU Runkle, P Carin, L Couchman, L Bucaro, JA Yoder, TJ AF Runkle, P Carin, L Couchman, L Bucaro, JA Yoder, TJ TI Multiaspect identification of submerged elastic targets via wave-based matching pursuits and hidden Markov models SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; SPEECH; SHELL AB This paper investigates classification of submerged elastic targets using a sequence of backscattered acoustic signals corresponding to measurements at multiple target-sensor orientations. Wavefront and resonant features are extracted from each of the multiaspect signals using the method of matching pursuits, with a wave-based dictionary. A discrete hidden Markov model (HMM) is designed for each of the target classes under consideration, with identification of an unknown target effected by considering which model has the maximum likelihood of producing the observed sequence of feature vectors. HMMs are stochastic models which are well suited to describing piecewise-stationary processes, and are appropriate for multiaspect classification due to the strong aspect dependence of the scattered fields for most realistic:targets. After establishing the physical and geometric correspondence between multiaspect sensing and the HMM parameters, performance is: assessed through consideration of measured acoustic data from five similar submerged elastic targets. Results are presented with and without additive: noise. (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)03208-7]. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. RP Runkle, P (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM lcarin@ee.duke.edu NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 106 IS 2 BP 605 EP 616 DI 10.1121/1.427029 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 225YN UT WOS:000081993700008 ER PT J AU Caruthers, JW Stanic, SJ Elmore, PA Goodman, RR AF Caruthers, JW Stanic, SJ Elmore, PA Goodman, RR TI Acoustic attenuation in very shallow water due to the presence of bubbles in rip currents SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB An experiment was performed just off the research pier at the Scripps institute of Oceanography to determine the acoustic effects of small bubbles in very shallow water (similar to 6 m depth). The distance offshore was similar to 300 m. The propagation lengths were 2-10 m, and the frequency range was from 39 to 244 kHz. During the experiment, rip currents passed through the field of measurement instruments. These rip currents were laden with bubbles created in the surf between the instruments and the shore. The effects of these rip currents on the spatial distributions of the resulting acoustic attenuation are discussed. From the attenuation data, the bubble: distributions are calculated using a new iterative approach [Caruthers ct al., in press, J. Acoust Sec. Am.] that is based on the well-known resonant bubble approximation. Calculated,bubble distributions varied from an essentially uniform lack of bubbles during quiescent periods to highly inhomogeneous and dense bubbly regions within rip events. Such observed distributions were consistent with measurements made by other investigators during the experiment. (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)05307-2]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. RP Caruthers, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 106 IS 2 BP 617 EP 625 DI 10.1121/1.427030 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 225YN UT WOS:000081993700009 ER PT J AU Meredith, RW Nagle, SM AF Meredith, RW Nagle, SM TI Coherence estimation for high-frequency narrowband cw pulsed signals in shallow water SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Signal coherence is an important environmental predictor for sonar performance and is often difficult to estimate. This paper examines different methods for estimating signal coherence from data not amenable to coherence estimation. Methods are compared using narrowband, high-frequency, short pulse length continuous wave signals (cw) that typify those used by mine-hunting sonars in complex shallow-water environments in which the spectral frequency resolution is poor using classical overlapping segments and Fourier techniques. Alternate approaches for the spectral and coherence estimation were the autoregressive parametric based approach, harmonic wavelet approach, and concatenation. These methods provide a statistic similar to coherence that is shown to be useful for specialized data. Low model orders in the parametric method yield results that are difficult to interpret. The wavelet approach is more suited for signals whose frequency spans several wavelet levels. Concatenation via narrowband spectral averaging improves spectral resolution but at the expense of pulse train temporal resolution. Generally, these other methods perform no better than classical Fourier-based techniques: however, they can be useful in a limited sense as a relative measure of the "spectrum sameness" between outputs of a single system. (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)04508-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Acoust Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Reserve Ctr, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol Reserve Det 822, Everett, WA 98207 USA. RP Meredith, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Acoust Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 106 IS 2 BP 828 EP 836 DI 10.1121/1.428050 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 225YN UT WOS:000081993700033 ER PT J AU Sajben, FP Gibbs, NF Friedlander, SF AF Sajben, FP Gibbs, NF Friedlander, SF TI Transillumination blisters in a neonate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Transillumination with a high-intensity fiberoptic light source is an effective means of diagnosing pneumothoraces and localizing arteries and veins for blood sampling. It has been used for these purposes in neonatal intensive care units since the 1970s. Thermal burns were reported in association with the technique initially, but this complication now occurs infrequently because of numerous safety precautions. We present a case of thermal blisters induced by transillumination in a neonate, This entity is an important addition to the differential diagnosis of vesicobullous eruptions in the neonate. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, USN,Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Childrens Hosp, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Friedlander, SF (reprint author), 3030 Childrens Way,Suite 408, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 41 IS 2 BP 264 EP 265 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(99)70060-5 PN 1 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 224WA UT WOS:000081921900020 PM 10426900 ER PT J AU Pepper, PV Goldstein, MK AF Pepper, PV Goldstein, MK TI Postoperative complications in Parkinson's disease SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Parkinson's disease; surgery; post-op complications ID CLINICAL COMORBIDITY INDEX; AFFAIRS SURGICAL RISK; OF-VETERANS-AFFAIRS; MORTALITY; ADJUSTMENT; MORBIDITY; QUALITY; CARE; INVOLVEMENT AB BACKGROUND: Although Parkinson's disease is relatively common in America, with an average annual incidence of 20 cases per 100,000 population,(1) little information exists about postoperative morbidity and mortality in those Parkinson's patients who undergo elective surgery. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Veterans Affairs (VA) Austin database system (a cumulative index of admissions and discharges from all US VA Medical Centers) to identify 41,213 patients who underwent elective bowel resection, cholecystectomy, or radical prostatectomy between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 1995. We examined the study population using univariate analysis, acute length of stay with multivariate analysis, and postoperative complications with logistic regression. RESULTS: The selected surgeries were performed on 234 patients with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and 40,979 with no such diagnosis. In univariate analysis, patients with Parkinson's disease had significantly longer acute hospital stars than non-Parkinson's patients (11.4 +/- 15.9 days vs 8.8 +/- 9.0 days, P < .001). In addition, Parkinson's patients had a higher in-hospital mortality than non-Parkinson's patients (7.3% vs 3.8%, P = .006). After we adjusted for coexisting morbidity, age, admitting location, and gender, patients with Parkinson's disease had an average acute hospital stay 2.34 days longer than that of non-Parkinson's patients (P < .001). However, the mortality difference did not reach statistical significance in multivariate analysis (P = .098). Finally, Parkinson's patients had significantly increased incidences of urinary-tract infection (odds ratio 2.045, P < .001), aspiration pneumonia (odds ratio 3.825, P < .001), and bacterial infections (odds ratio 1.682, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with Parkinson's disease are at greater risk for specific complications and longer hospital stay after elective bowel resection, cholecystectomy, or radical prostatectomy. Awareness of these complications may help caregivers to reduce postoperative mortality and morbidity and to decrease the length of hospitalization. C1 VA Palo Alto, GRECC 182B, HSR&D, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Pepper, PV (reprint author), VA Palo Alto, GRECC 182B, HSR&D, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 47 IS 8 BP 967 EP 972 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 224DD UT WOS:000081880800008 PM 10443858 ER PT J AU Mansour, AN McBreen, J Melendres, CA AF Mansour, AN McBreen, J Melendres, CA TI An in situ x-ray absorption spectroscopic study of charged Li((1-z))Ni((1+z))O-2 cathode material SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTRA; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; OXIDATION-STATE; LINIO2; NICKEL; OXYCOMPOUNDS; BEHAVIOR; XANES; CELLS; R(3)OVER-BAR-M AB We have measured in situ the Ni K-edge X-ray absorption spectra of Li(1-z)Ni(1+z)O2 cathode material charged in a nonaqueous cell. The material was charged to various states of charge (i.e., Li content) which corresponded to x = 0.0, 0.12, 0.24, 0.37, 0.49, and 0.86 in Li(1-x-z)Ni(1+z)O2. We have determined variations in the Ni-O and Ni-Ni coordination numbers, bond lengths, and local disorders as well as the Ni K-edge energies as a function of Li content. We show that in the pristine state, the composition of the material can be described by the formula Li0.86Ni1.14O2 (i.e., x = 0 and z = 0.14). That is, the material consists of Ni2+ (25%) and Ni3+ (75%) with half the Ni2+ atoms residing in Li sites and the other half in the NiO2 slabs. Upon charging, initially Ni2+ is oxidized to Ni3+ up to a state of charge which corresponds to x = 2z. Upon further charging to states corresponding to 2z < x less than or equal to 1 - z, Ni3+ is oxidized to Ni4+ with fractions being dependent on the values of x and z. Analysis of the edge energies for NiO, stoichiometric LiNiO2, and KNiIO6 as reference compounds for Ni2+, Ni3+, and Ni4+, respectively, shows a quadratic dependence for edge energy vs. oxidation state. This type of correlation is consistent with variations observed in earlier studies for some Mn reference compounds in the same range of oxidation states. Oxidation-state determination of Ni in Li(1-x-z)Ni(1+z)O2 as a function of state of charge (i.e., Li content or x) on the basis of edge energies yielded results which are in excellent agreement with oxidation state determinations made on the basis of the mole fractions for Ni2+, Ni3+, and Ni4+ extracted from extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(98)05-014-9. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 44 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 146 IS 8 BP 2799 EP 2809 DI 10.1149/1.1392011 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 228EZ UT WOS:000082125300005 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E Wightman, JP Cromer, TF AF McCafferty, E Wightman, JP Cromer, TF TI Surface properties of hydroxyl groups in the air-formed oxide film on titanium SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACID-BASE PROPERTIES; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ISOELECTRIC POINT; METAL-SURFACES; XPS; TIO2; PASSIVATION; ADSORPTION; ALUMINUM; LAYER AB The nature of surface hydroxyls present in the native air-formed oxide film on titanium has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), variable angle XPS, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). The surface isoelectric point of the oxide film on titanium is 5.0, as determined from XPS measurements; and the concentration of surface hydroxyl groups on oxide-covered titanium is 10 OH groups/nm(2), as determined by quantitative XPS. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(98)12-055-2. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Adhes & Sealant Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 43 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 146 IS 8 BP 2849 EP 2852 DI 10.1149/1.1392019 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 228EZ UT WOS:000082125300013 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E TI A surface charge model of corrosion pit initiation and of protection by surface alloying SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ION-IMPLANTED ALUMINUM; ANODIC OXIDE-FILMS; ZERO CHARGE; PASSIVE BEHAVIOR; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; FLATBAND POTENTIALS; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; POINT; IRON; PHOTOCURRENT AB The isoelectric point of the oxide-covered aluminum surface is an important parameter in the pitting behavior of aluminum and of aluminum binary surface alloys. Contact angle measurements show that ion implantation of Ta into Al modifies the isoelectric point of the resulting oxide film to a value which is intermediate between that of Al2O3 and Ta2O5. The critical pitting potential is shown to be a function of the flatband potential of the oxide-covered aluminum surface. For a series of alloys where the matrix metal (and host oxide) is held fixed, the flatband potential is a function of the isoelectric point of the oxide film on the alloy surface, which in turn is a function of the isoelectric point of the oxide of the alloying element. Thus, the critical pitting potential of a binary surface alloy is related to the isoelectric point of the oxide of the alloying element in the binary alloy. Surface alloying affects the pitting potential by (i) modifying the isoelectric point of the surface so as to change the surface charge, (ii) affecting the heat of adsorption of the chloride ion, and (iii) changing the concentration of oxygen vacancies in the oxide film. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651 (99)01-019-8. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 79 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 146 IS 8 BP 2863 EP 2869 DI 10.1149/1.1392021 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 228EZ UT WOS:000082125300015 ER PT J AU Widder, EA Johnsen, S Bernstein, SA Case, JF Neilson, DJ AF Widder, EA Johnsen, S Bernstein, SA Case, JF Neilson, DJ TI Thin layers of bioluminescent copepods found at density discontinuities in the water column SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUND-SCATTERING LAYERS; CALANUS-PACIFICUS; METRIDIA-LUCENS; MARINE SNOW; DINOFLAGELLATE LUMINESCENCE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ZOOPLANKTON; PLANKTON; PREDATION; BEHAVIOR AB To learn how organisms apportion space in the open ocean, biological oceanographers have sought to improve temporal and spatial resolution of ocean sampling systems. Their objectives are to simultaneously measure physical, chemical and biological structure in the water column in order to find significant correlations that may reveal underlying processes. Here we report one such correlation between intense peaks of bioluminescence and density discontinuities in the water column. Intensified video recordings made in these bioluminescent "hot spots" were analyzed with a computer image-recognition program that identifies organisms based on the temporal and spatial characteristics of their luminescent displays. Based on this analysis, the source of the "hot spots" was found to be very thin layers (0.5 m) of the bioluminescent copepod Metridia lucens present at from 5 to 100 times average background concentrations. Given the recent discovery that the vertical distribution of marine snow is also strongly correlated with density discontinuities in the water column, we suggest that this finding may provide a possible explanation for the disparity between estimated energy requirements of marine copepods and measurements of average in situ food concentrations. The energy costs associated with locating food-rich micro-patches is greatly reduced if those patches are spread out into very thin layers, because the search strategy can be reduced from three dimensions to one. C1 Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. QualTek, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Widder, EA (reprint author), Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, 5600 Old Dixie Highway, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. NR 51 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 134 IS 3 BP 429 EP 437 DI 10.1007/s002270050559 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 231FR UT WOS:000082297900004 ER PT J AU Almeida, SA Williams, KM Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK AF Almeida, SA Williams, KM Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK TI Epidemiological patterns of musculoskeletal injuries and physical training SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE rates; exercise; conditioning; military; recruits; Marine Corps; stress fractures ID STATES MARINE RECRUITS; LOWER-EXTREMITY INJURIES; RUNNING INJURIES; STRESS-FRACTURES; OVERUSE INJURIES; EXERCISE; RUNNERS; PROGRAM; RISKS; SOLDIERS AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify rates of diagnosis-specific musculoskeletal injuries in U.S. Marine Corps recruits and to examine the association between patterns of physical training and these injuries. Methods: Subjects were 1,296 randomly selected male Marine recruits, ages 17 to 28 yr, who reported to Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego for boot camp training between January 12 and September 14, 1993. Recruits were followed prospectively through 12 wk of training for injury outcomes. Injury patterns were examined in relation to weekly volumes and types of vigorous physical training. Results: The overall injury rate was 39.6% (number of recruits injured/population at risk), with 82% of injuries occurring in the lower extremities. Overuse injuries accounted for 78% of the diagnoses. The most frequent site of injury was the ankle/foot region (34.3% of injuries), followed by the knee (28.1%). Ankle sprains (6.2%, N = 1,143), iliotibial band syndrome (5.3%, N = 1,143), and stress fractures (4.0%, N = 1,296) were the most common diagnoses. Injury rates were highest during the weeks with high total volumes of vigorous physical training and the most hours of running and matching. Weekly injury rates were significantly correlated with hours of vigorous physical training (overuse injuries r = 0.667, P = 0.018; acute injuries r = 0.633, P = 0.027). Conclusions: The results of this controlled epidemiological investigation indicate that volume of vigorous physical training may be an etiologic factor for exercise-related injuries. The findings also suggest that type of training, particularly running, and abrupt increases in training volume may further contribute to injury risk. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Almeida, SA (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, UCSD SDSU Gen Prevent Med Residency Program, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 40 TC 163 Z9 170 U1 3 U2 21 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1176 EP 1182 DI 10.1097/00005768-199908000-00015 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 224NE UT WOS:000081904500015 PM 10449021 ER PT J AU Campbell, J Francesconi, S Boyd, J Worth, L Moshier, T AF Campbell, J Francesconi, S Boyd, J Worth, L Moshier, T TI Environmental air sampling to detect biological warfare agents SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The rapid and unequivocal detection and identification of biological warfare agents is a major goal of military and civilian defense authorities. To identify agents of concern in an environmental sample, a reliable, region-specific characterization of the microorganisms found naturally at the sampling location is required. We have analyzed environmental air samples from Korea, Kuwait, and Bahrain by polymerase chain reaction and temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis and have produced genetic fingerprints of the natural microbial flora in these regions, Results are displayed as specific bar code patterns against which the unique patterns of potential biological warfare agents appearing in a sample can be quickly discriminated. Data are stored on compact disk, along with other laboratory analyses and relevant meteorological data, and are available to appropriate authorities and researchers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Joint Program Off Biol Def, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Campbell, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 164 IS 8 BP 541 EP 542 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 226RM UT WOS:000082035300005 PM 10459261 ER PT J AU Hourani, LL Warrack, AG Coben, PA AF Hourani, LL Warrack, AG Coben, PA TI Suicide in the US Marine Corps, 1990 to 1996 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNEMPLOYMENT; MILITARY; BEHAVIOR AB Epidemiologic studies of suicide in the military have not controlled for the higher suicide rates of the unemployed expected in comparative national populations. This study compared the observed number of suicides among U.S. Marine Corps personnel from 1990 to 1996 with the expected number based on rates for the employed general U.S. population. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated to identify demographic groups with higher or lower than expected numbers of suicides. The scan statistic and the Knox technique were used to evaluate potential suicide cluster patterns. Overall, there were fewer suicides in the Marine Corps (n = 213) than expected (n = 225). Hispanic and other ethnic group males and female Marines had greater than expected numbers. Evidence for suicide clustering in time and space was equivocal. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, Div Hlth Sci, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Hourani, LL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, Div Hlth Sci, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 164 IS 8 BP 551 EP 555 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 226RM UT WOS:000082035300007 PM 10459263 ER PT J AU Kinsella, MJ Bidus, MA Magann, EF Morrison, JC AF Kinsella, MJ Bidus, MA Magann, EF Morrison, JC TI May-Hegglin anomaly in a pregnancy complicated by intrauterine growth restriction and ambiguous genitalia SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Objective: Thrombocytopenia as a hematologic disorder complicates up to 4% of all pregnancies. May-Hegglin anomaly is a rare cause of low platelets in pregnancy. Methods: A case of May-Hegglin anomaly complicating pregnancy and intrauterine growth restriction in a fetus with ambiguous genitalia is described. Results: The antepartum and intrapartum diagnosis and management of a patient diagnosed with May-Hegglin anomaly is discussed. The involvement and consultation of a perinatologist, neonatologist, internist, and anesthesiologist is reviewed, with emphasis on the mode of delivery. Conclusion: The potential maternal and fetal complications associated with May-Hegglin anomaly warrant early pregnancy diagnosis and access to a tertiary care facility. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MI USA. RP Kinsella, MJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 164 IS 8 BP 607 EP 608 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 226RM UT WOS:000082035300021 PM 10459277 ER PT J AU Elsberry, RL Boothe, MA Ulses, GA Harr, PA AF Elsberry, RL Boothe, MA Ulses, GA Harr, PA TI Statistical postprocessing of NOGAPS tropical cyclone track forecasts SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM AB A statistical postprocessing technique is developed and tested to reduce the U.S. Navy global model (NOGAPS) track forecast errors for a sample of western North Pacific tropical cyclones during 1992-96. The key piece of information is the offset of the initial NOGAPS position relative to an updated (here best-track) position that will be known by 6 h after the synoptic times, which is when the NOGAPS forecast is actually available for use by the forecaster. In addition to the basic storm characteristics, the set of 24 predictors includes various segments in the 0-36-h NOGAPS forecast track as well as a 9-36-h backward extrapolation that is compared with the known recent track positions. As statistically significant regressions are only found for 12-36 h, the original 36-h to 72-h NOGAPS track segment is simply translated to the adjusted 36-h position. For the development sample, the adjusted NOGAPS track errors are reduced by about 51 n mi (95 km) at 12 hi 35 n mi (65 km) at 36 h, and 28 n mi (52 km) at 72 h. Independent tests with a 1997 western North Pacific sample, 1995-97 Atlantic sample, and 1996-97 eastern and central North Pacific sample of NOGAPS forecasts have similar improvements from the postprocessing technique. Thus, the technique appears to have a more general applicability to Northern Hemisphere tropical cyclones. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR-Es,589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 127 IS 8 BP 1912 EP 1919 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<1912:SPONTC>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 225FX UT WOS:000081948700014 ER PT J AU Mouring, SE AF Mouring, SE TI Buckling and postbuckling of composite ship panels stiffened with preform frames SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The U.S. shipbuilding industry recently has started incorporating composite materials in the construction of both military and commercial ships due to the advantages of composite construction. These advantages include the reduction in total life costs, corrosion resistance, high strength- and stiffness-to-weight ratios, and improved stealth for military applications. One disadvantage is the higher costs of composites compared to steel and other conventional materials. Therefore, new higher quality materials with lower costs and new fabrication methods need to be developed before composite materials will be fully accepted for the construction of large ships. A new composite preform framing technology shows promise in the reduction of fabrication costs for large ship construction. There already has been significant cost savings using this framing technology in the construction of small recreational boats and large yachts. This framing technology involves casting a dry glass frber-reinforced plastic (GRP) fabric into shape in a closed mold with a foam core. One unresolved issue using this framing technology is the orientation of the fiber for the frames. This paper summarizes experimental results of the testing of composite panels stiffened with preform frames under in-plane uniaxial compressive loads. Biaxial (0,90), quadaxial (0,90, +45, -45), and triaxial (+45, -45,0) laminates were used in the frames. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture Ocean & Marine Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mouring, SE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture Ocean & Marine Engn, 590 Holloway Rd,Stop 2D, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 26 IS 8 BP 793 EP 803 DI 10.1016/S0029-8018(98)00025-0 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 162GU UT WOS:000078338200006 ER PT J AU Schaafsma, DT Mossadegh, R Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Luce, M Generosi, R Perfetti, P Cricenti, A Gilligan, JM Tolk, NH AF Schaafsma, DT Mossadegh, R Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Luce, M Generosi, R Perfetti, P Cricenti, A Gilligan, JM Tolk, NH TI Fabrication of single-mode chalcogenide fiber probes for scanning near-field infrared optical microscopy SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE microscopes; resolution; infrared; fiber optics ID GLASS AB We fabricate scanning near-field optical microscope (IR-SNOM) probe tips made from singlemode chalcogenide fiber and test them using a standard SNOM setup and free-electron laser. SEM micrographs, showing tips with submicrometer physical dimensions, demonstrate the feasibility of the thermal micropipette puller process used to create the tips. Topographical data obtained using a shear-force nearfield microscope exhibit spatial resolution in the range of 80 to 100 nm. Optical data in the IR (near 3.5 mu m), using the probe tips in collection mode, indicate an optical spatial resolution of approximately lambda/15. (C) 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(99)00108-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ist Stuttura Mat, Rome, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Schaafsma, DT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5606,4555 Overlook Ave SE, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Gilligan, Jonathan/0000-0003-1375-6686 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1381 EP 1385 DI 10.1117/1.602181 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 224JZ UT WOS:000081895900016 ER PT J AU McLean, EA Deniz, AV Schmitt, AJ Stamper, JA Obenschain, SP Lehecka, T Mostovych, AN Seely, J AF McLean, EA Deniz, AV Schmitt, AJ Stamper, JA Obenschain, SP Lehecka, T Mostovych, AN Seely, J TI Rear surface light emission measurements from laser-produced shock waves in clear and Al-coated polystyrene targets SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser heating; shock waves; electron temperature ID PLASMA; IRRADIATION; ABLATION; PREHEAT; FLUX AB The Nike KrF laser, with its very uniform focal distributions, has been used at intensities near 10(14) W/cm(2) to launch shock waves in polystyrene targets, The rear surface visible light emission differed between clear polystyrene (CH) targets and targets with a thin (125 nm) Al coating on the rear side. The uncoated CH targets showed a relatively slowly rising emission followed by a sudden fall when the shock emerges, while the Al-coated targets showed a rapid rise in emission when the shock emerges followed by a slower fall, allowing an unambiguous determination of the time the shock arrived at the rear surface. A half-aluminized target allowed us to observe this difference in a single shot. The brightness temperature of both the aluminized targets and the non-aluminized targets was slightly below but close to rear surface temperature predictions of a hydrodynamic code. A discussion of preheat effects is given. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM mclean@this.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 EI 1873-0310 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 166 IS 1-6 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00274-6 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 222YL UT WOS:000081812900021 ER PT J AU Brown, MS Keith, JF AF Brown, MS Keith, JF TI Comparison between two and five doses a week of recombinant human erythropoietin for anemia of prematurity: A randomized trial SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE anemia; prematurity; transfusions; erythropoietin ID AMBULATORY PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; PRETERM INFANTS; NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; DOUBLE-BLIND; CONTROVERSIES; TRANSFUSIONS; EFFICACY; DOSAGES; TWICE AB Objective. To compare the erythropoietic response between two and five times a week dosages of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-EPO) using the same weekly dose, 500 U/kg, in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Study Design. Eighty VLBW infants were stratified into two gestational age groups and randomized to receive 500 U/kg of r-EPO either two or five times a week; 72 infants completed at least 4 weeks of study. The primary outcome variable was absolute reticulocyte counts at 4 weeks. Secondary outcome variables were hematocrits, transfusions, iatrogenic blood losses, infections, and serum ferritins. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the secondary outcome variables. Results. By 4 weeks, absolute reticulocyte counts were higher in the infants given r-EPO five times a week [mean (SEM)]: 173 000/mm(3) (15 000) vs 220 000/mm(3) (18 000), two versus five doses per week, respectively. Hematocrits, 34.9% (0.9) vs 34.1% (0.8), and transfusions per infant, 2.06 (0.4) vs 2.11 (0.4), were not different between the groups. Additionally, 79% of the variance in the amount of blood transfused was accounted for by iatrogenic blood loss, the latter primarily associated with number of days ventilated. Episodes of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis were significantly associated with decreased absolute reticulocyte counts and increased transfusions. Conclusions. More frequent dosing of the same weekly amount of r-EPO produced a significant and sustained increase in stimulated erythropoiesis in VLBW infants. The importance of this finding on reducing transfusions was not able to be demonstrated because this study was not intended to differentiate transfusions. In this population of infants and at the dose level of r-EPO, iatrogenic blood loss contributed more to transfusions than a lower level of erythropoiesis, the former primarily associated with mechanical ventilation. Based on this and other studies, when VLBW infants are at risk for greater phlebotomy losses, it may be justifiable to use more vigorous r-EPO treatment, and when at lower risk to use less frequent dosing to enhance cost-effectiveness. C1 Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Brown, MS (reprint author), 1601 E 19th Ave,Suite 5300, Denver, CO 80218 USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 1999 VL 104 IS 2 BP 210 EP 215 DI 10.1542/peds.104.2.210 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 222EP UT WOS:000081770700004 PM 10428996 ER PT J AU Zyczkowski, K Bollt, EM AF Zyczkowski, K Bollt, EM TI On the entropy devil's staircase in a family of gap-tent maps SO PHYSICA D LA English DT Article DE chaos communication; topological entropy; kneading theory; fractal measure; devil's staircase; symbol dynamics ID TOPOLOGICAL-ENTROPY; STRANGE ATTRACTORS; SYMBOLIC DYNAMICS; CHAOTIC SYNCHRONIZATION; GENERALIZED DIMENSIONS; COMMUNICATION; DEPENDENCE; NUMBER AB To analyze the trade-off between channel capacity and noise-resistance in designing dynamical systems to pursue the idea of communications with chaos, we perform a measure theoretic analysis the topological entropy function of a 'gap-tent map' whose invariant set is an unstable chaotic saddle of the tent map. Our model system, the 'gap-tent map' is a family of tent maps with a symmetric gap, which mimics the presence of noise in physical realizations of chaotic systems, and for this model, we can perform many calculations in closed form. We demonstrate that the dependence of the topological entropy on the size of the gap has a structure of the devil's staircase. By integrating over a fractal measure, we obtain analytical, piece-wise differentiable approximations of this dependence. Applying concepts of the kneading theory we find the position and the values of the entropy for all leading entropy plateaus. Similar properties hold also for the dependence of the fractal dimension of the invariant set and the escape rate. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Maryland, Plasma Res Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Fiz Smoluchowskiego, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Bollt, EM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Zyczkowski, Karol/G-4390-2011 NR 62 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 132 IS 3 BP 392 EP 410 DI 10.1016/S0167-2789(99)00029-9 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 220PH UT WOS:000081674000007 ER PT J AU Ovchinnikov, YN Wolf, SA Kresin, VZ AF Ovchinnikov, YN Wolf, SA Kresin, VZ TI Inhomogeneity of the superconducting state and consequent diamagnetism above T-c: Application to the cuprates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-FIELD; TL2BA2CUO6+DELTA; TEMPERATURE AB The inhomogeneity of a superconducting system gives rise to an interesting situation when at T > T-c(res) (T-c(res) is characterized by a relatively sharp resistive transition) one can observe an anomalously large diamagnetic moment. Here we focus on the case when the sample can be described as containing a nonuniform distribution of magnetic impurities and, as a consequence, by an inhomogeneous distribution of critical temperatures. The analysis is in good agreement with experimental data on overdoped cuprates. [S0163-1829(99)01030-9]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Landau Inst Theoret Phys, Moscow 11733V, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ovchinnikov, YN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009 NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 6 BP 4329 EP 4333 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.4329 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 226AA UT WOS:000081997100086 ER PT J AU Xu, YL Gustafson, BAS Giovane, F Blum, J Tehranian, S AF Xu, YL Gustafson, BAS Giovane, F Blum, J Tehranian, S TI Calculation of the heat-source function in photophoresis of aggregated spheres SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ABSORPTION CENTERS; IRRADIATED SPHERES; GAUNT COEFFICIENTS; BESSEL FUNCTIONS AB We present theoretical results for the source function in photophoresis of an arbitrary aggregate of spheres that are homogeneous and isotropic piecewise. This source function directly represents the distribution of electric fields inside the spheres. Our calculation is based on a rigorous analytic solution to the radiative multisphere-scattering problem developed recently [Y.-l. Xu, Appl. Opt. 34, 4573 (1995); 36, 9496 (1997); Phys. Lett. A 249, 30 (1998)]. When an aggregate degenerates to a single sphere, the results are exactly the same as those given by the Mie theory. We also discuss the numerical techniques necessary for obtaining an accurate numerical solution for the source function. [S1063-651X(99)11808-7]. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Jena, Inst Astrophys, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Univ Jena, Sternwarte, D-07745 Jena, Germany. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Xu, YL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Astron, POB 112055, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Blum, Jurgen/B-5590-2011; Gustafson, Bo/B-9526-2011 OI Blum, Jurgen/0000-0003-1531-737X; NR 42 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 1999 VL 60 IS 2 BP 2347 EP 2365 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.2347 PN B PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 230CW UT WOS:000082235100085 PM 11970032 ER PT J AU Metzler, N Velikovich, AL Gardner, JH AF Metzler, N Velikovich, AL Gardner, JH TI Reduction of early-time perturbation growth in ablatively driven laser targets using tailored density profiles SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; INERTIAL-CONFINEMENT-FUSION; Z-PINCH LOADS; STABILITY ANALYSIS; SUPPRESSION; FRONTS; SIMULATION; SATURATION; MODEL AB The effects of tailoring the density profile in a laser target in order to decrease imprinting of mass perturbations due to the long-wavelength modes are investigated analytically and numerically. Inverting the acceleration of the ablation front during the shock transit time could reduce the early-time mass perturbation amplitudes developed in the target after the shock transit. This principle was first suggested for mitigating the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability of imploding Z-pinches [Velikovich , Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 853 (1996); Phys. Plasmas 5, 3377 (1998)]. As the shock wave slows down propagating into higher density layers, the effective gravity near the ablation front has the same direction as the density gradient. This makes the mass perturbations near it oscillate at a higher frequency and at a lower amplitude than they normally would due to the "rocket effect" caused by mass ablation [Sanz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2700 (1994); Piriz , Phys. Plasmas 4, 1117 (1997)]. So, tailoring density profiles instead of using flat densities is demonstrated to reduce the "seed" mass perturbation amplitude at the onset of the exponential RT growth. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)00908-8]. C1 Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Dept Phys, Beer Sheva, Israel. Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. USN, Res Lab, LCP&FD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Dept Phys, POB 9001, Beer Sheva, Israel. EM velikov@bra4a.nrl.navy.mil RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 37 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 1999 VL 6 IS 8 BP 3283 EP 3295 DI 10.1063/1.873569 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 219BC UT WOS:000081587100037 ER PT J AU Brady, RF AF Brady, RF TI Properties which influence marine fouling resistance in polymers containing silicon and fluorine SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference in Organic Coatings - Waterborne, High Solids and Powder Coating CY JUL 06-10, 1998 CL ATHENS, GREECE DE marine fouling resistance; polymers; silicon; fluorine ID COATINGS; ADHESION AB Our research strives to understand and construct polymer surfaces with no inherent power to interact with other materials, especially with the biological polymers used by marine organisms to bind themselves to objects in the sea. During the past 15 years we have synthesized polymers, formulated them into coatings, and measured their resistance to marine fouling in both static and dynamic testing. The polymer surface property which has been most frequently correlated with bioadhesion is critical surface tension (gamma(c)); in fact, a generalized relationship between gamma(c) and marine fouling has been known for more than twenty years. However, this behavior is also influenced by other bulk and surface properties of the polymer. This paper presents several alternative interpretations of the relationship between gamma(c) and bioadhesion, and uses these insights to develop requirements for polymers which refuse or resist strong bonds to other materials. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Coatings Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brady, RF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Coatings Sect, Code 6123, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1-4 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S0300-9440(99)00005-3 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 245GW UT WOS:000083099000004 ER PT J AU Makeig, S Townsend, J Jung, TP Sejnowsk, TJ AF Makeig, S Townsend, J Jung, TP Sejnowsk, TJ TI Independent components of early visual event-related brain dynamics SO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Coconut Grove, FL 33133 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0048-5772 J9 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY JI Psychophysiology PD AUG PY 1999 VL 36 SU 1 BP S22 EP S23 PG 2 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 222QZ UT WOS:000081797400087 ER PT J AU Schuler, DL Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL AF Schuler, DL Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL TI Compensation of terrain azimuthal slope effects in geophysical parameter studies using polarimetric SAR data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; SOIL-MOISTURE; SCATTERING; TOPOGRAPHY; INVERSION C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuler, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 69 IS 2 BP 139 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00017-6 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 222NF UT WOS:000081791100004 ER PT J AU Kaleic, MT Lambert, DN Martinez, AB AF Kaleic, MT Lambert, DN Martinez, AB TI Time-frequency analysis of shallow seismic imagery SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WAVELET C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Kaleic, MT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 40 IS 8 BP 55 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 228QA UT WOS:000082146100008 ER PT J AU Zolper, JC AF Zolper, JC TI Progress towards ultra-wideband AlGaN/GaN MMICs SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on Heterostructure Microelectronics CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 1998 CL HAYAMA MACHI, JAPAN DE gallium nitride; AlGaN/GaN; microwave power devices ID GAN; DEVICES; EPITAXY; HFETS AB The AlGaN/GaN material system possesses fundamental properties that make it an ideal candidate for high power microwave devices. This has been known for over 30 years, however, significant device progress has only come recently. This article gives a summary of AlGaN/GaN electronic device progress, outlines future device directions, and discusses the use of these new devices in power amplifier circuits. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Off Naval Res, Div Elect, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Off Naval Res, Div Elect, Code 312,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM zolperj@onr.navy.mil NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 EI 1879-2405 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1479 EP 1482 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(99)00092-1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 240KN UT WOS:000082825300024 ER PT J AU Dinelli, DL Kiser, WR AF Dinelli, DL Kiser, WR TI Folate deficiency SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Jacksonville, FL 32065 USA. RP Dinelli, DL (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 32065 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 92 IS 8 BP 841 EP 841 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 225ZT UT WOS:000081996400021 PM 10456730 ER PT J AU Brizzolara, RA Beard, BC AF Brizzolara, RA Beard, BC TI Substrate photoelectron enhancement of carbonaceous overlayer auger emission: Effect of the substrate on carbon overlayer thickness determination in XPS SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE XPS; auger; overlayer; thickness; substrate ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; REDUCED THICKNESS; QUANTITATIVE XPS; SURFACE; ACIDS; ALKANETHIOLS; ATTENUATION; COPPER; SILVER; GOLD AB The Ebel Model, which characterizes a sample consisting of a thin carbonaceous overlayer on a substrate of a different material, provides a relationship between the carbon Is and Auger peak intensities and the overlayer thickness, In this paper, Ebel model predictions for six substrate materials (silicon, aluminum, titanium, copper, silver and gold) are compared with experimental data from samples prepared using self-assembled monolayer and Langmuir-Blodgett techniques. Although the agreement between the experimentally measured carbon 1s/carbon Auger ratio and the Ebel Model was very good for silicon and aluminum and good for titanium, copper and silver, the experimentally determined ratio was consistently lower than that predicted by the Ebel Model for the gold substrate. For a 1.3 mm thick carbon layer on gold, the discrepancy between the measurement and the Ebel Model was 26%. We therefore modified the Ebel Model to include the effects of photoionization of carbon atoms in the overlayer by substrate photoelectrons, We refer to this as the Substrate Effect Model, Agreement between the Substrate Effect Model and the experimental data is very good for all six substrates examined. Because the Substrate Effect Model gives an accurate relationship between the carbon peak intensities and overlayer thickness, it can be used to determine an unknown overlayer thickness and to improve the accuracy of XPS quantitative analysis by accounting for the presence of the ubiquitous adventitious carbon layer. To this end, Substrate Effect Model results are presented for 40 substrate elements of technological interest and for overlayer thicknesses of 1,2 and 5 nm, Copyright (C) 1999 John Whey & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Akzo Nobel Cent Res, Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522 USA. RP Brizzolara, RA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code 684,9500 MacArthur Blvd, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 27 IS 8 BP 716 EP 727 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9918(199908)27:8<716::AID-SIA565>3.0.CO;2-R PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 229XR UT WOS:000082221500003 ER PT J AU Vassilevski, KV Constantinidis, G Papanicolaou, N Martin, N Zekentes, K AF Vassilevski, KV Constantinidis, G Papanicolaou, N Martin, N Zekentes, K TI Study of annealing conditions on the formation of ohmic contacts on p+4H-SiC layers grown by CVD and LPE SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ECSCRM 98) CY SEP 02-04, 1998 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP Univ Montpellier II, Ctr Nat Recher Scientif, Conseil Reg Languedoc Roussillon, Conseil Gen Herault, Dist Agglomer Montpellier, European Union EuroConference & TMR Programmes, U S Army & European Res Off, Delegat Gen Armement, Aixtron AG, Cree Res Inc, Emcore Corp, Epigress AB, E P S Schlumberger, Ion Beam Serv, Omicron EURL, Schneider Elect, SiCrystal AG, Sterling Semiconductor, Thomson LCR DE ohmic contact; p+4H-SiC; specific contact resistance; Al-Ti alloy; annealing AB The quality of Al/Ti-based ohmic contacts formed on 4H-SiC films under various annealing conditions has been examined. Atmospheric, vacuum and high vacuum environments as well as resistive, inductive and rapid thermal heating have been used. Vacuum annealing resulted in non-oxidized contacts independent of the heating method. The ohmic contacts were fabricated on both highly doped (1 x 10(18) cm(-3)) CVD-grown and extremely high doped (> 1 x 10(20) cm(-3)) LPE-grown films. Reproducible and of low specific contact resistance (similar to 1 x 10(-4) Omega cm(2)) contacts were obtained only for the case of LPE-grown films. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zekentes, K (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, POB 1527, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. RI Zekentes, Konstantinos/A-2498-2014; Konstantinidis, George/A-1719-2014 OI Konstantinidis, George/0000-0002-1072-9618 NR 7 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD JUL 30 PY 1999 VL 61-2 BP 296 EP 300 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(98)00521-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 230CT UT WOS:000082234800061 ER PT J AU Taylor, C Eshun, E Spencer, MG Hobart, KD Kub, FJ AF Taylor, C Eshun, E Spencer, MG Hobart, KD Kub, FJ TI Growth of beta SiC on a ceramic SiC substrate using a thin silicon intermediate layer SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ECSCRM 98) CY SEP 02-04, 1998 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP Univ Montpellier II, Ctr Nat Recher Scientif, Conseil Reg Languedoc Roussillon, Conseil Gen Herault, Dist Agglomer Montpellier, European Union EuroConference & TMR Programmes, U S Army & European Res Off, Delegat Gen Armement, Aixtron AG, Cree Res Inc, Emcore Corp, Epigress AB, E P S Schlumberger, Ion Beam Serv, Omicron EURL, Schneider Elect, SiCrystal AG, Sterling Semiconductor, Thomson LCR DE heteroepitaxial growth; 3C-SiC; polytype AB A major issue in the heteroepitaxial growth of cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) is the stress generated by the lattice and thermal mismatch of the substrate. The growth of beta SiC on ceramic (polycrystalline) SIC is reported here. This substrate is thermally matched to single crystal SIC and allows the SIC to be grown at a temperature of 1500-1600 degrees C. Therefore, this substrate offers a significantly wider parameter space for optimization of cubic growth. In order to provide a crystalline template for growth, a novel wafer bonding scheme was used to produce ultra thin Si layers, which were wafer bonded to the ceramic substrate. Using this technology, single crystal Si layers less than 5 nm can be produced. It should be noted that the ceramic substrates are inexpensive and this technique is easily scaleable up to 8 in, in diameter. Using this material, the thin Si layer was carbonized and 3C-SiC grown at temperatures of 1350 and 1550 degrees C. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Howard Univ, Sch Engn, Mat Sci Res Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taylor, C (reprint author), Howard Univ, Sch Engn, Mat Sci Res Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD JUL 30 PY 1999 VL 61-2 BP 583 EP 585 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(98)00479-6 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 230CT UT WOS:000082234800121 ER PT J AU Makeig, S Westerfield, M Townsend, J Jung, TP Courchesne, E Sejnowski, TJ AF Makeig, S Westerfield, M Townsend, J Jung, TP Courchesne, E Sejnowski, TJ TI Functionally independent components of early event-related potentials in a visual spatial attention task SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE EEG; visual; event-related potential; spatial; attention; independent component analysis ID BLIND SEPARATION; BRAIN POTENTIALS; INTERHEMISPHERIC-TRANSFER; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; INFORMATION; NETWORK; SPOTLIGHT; DYNAMICS; HUMANS; SOUND AB Spatial visual attention modulates the first negative-going deflection in the human averaged event-related potential (ERP) in response to visual target and non-target stimuli (the N1 complex). Here we demonstrate a decomposition of N1 into functionally independent subcomponents with functionally distinct relations to cask and stimulus conditions. ERPs were collected from 20 subjects in response to visual target and non-target stimuli presented at five attended and non-attended screen locations. Independent component analysis, a new method for blind source separation, was trained simultaneously on 500 ms grand average responses from all 25 stimulus-attention conditions and decomposed the nontarget N1 complexes into five spatially fixed, temporally independent and physiologically plausible components. Activity of an early laterally symmetrical component pair (N1a(R) and N1a(L)) was evoked by the left and right visual field stimuli, respectively. Component N1a(R) peaked ca. 9 ms earlier than N1a(L). Central stimuli evoked both components with the same peak latency difference, producing a bilateral scalp distribution. The amplitudes of these components were not reliably augmented by spatial attention. Stimuli in the right visual field evoked activity in a spatio-temporally overlapping bilateral component (N1b) chat peaked at ca. 180 ms and was strongly enhanced by attention. Stimuli presented at unattended locations evoked a fourth component (P2a) peaking near 240 ms. A fifth component (P3f) was evoked only by targets presented in either visual field. The distinct response patterns of these components across the array of stimulus and attention conditions suggest that they reflect activity in functionally independent brain systems involved in processing attended and unattended visuospatial events. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Childrens Hosp, Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, Computat Neurobiol Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, Howard Hughes Med Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Makeig, S (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH36840]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS34155] NR 38 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 29 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 1387 BP 1135 EP 1144 DI 10.1098/rstb.1999.0469 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 223GP UT WOS:000081832800003 PM 10466141 ER PT J AU Borisov, AB Cameron, S Dai, Y Davis, J Nelson, T Schroeder, WA Longworth, JW Boyer, K Rhodes, CK AF Borisov, AB Cameron, S Dai, Y Davis, J Nelson, T Schroeder, WA Longworth, JW Boyer, K Rhodes, CK TI Dynamics of optimized stable channel formation of intense laser pulses with the relativistic/charge-displacement mechanism SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY AMPLIFICATION; UNDERDENSE PLASMA; ULTRAVIOLET PULSES; PREFORMED PLASMA; PROPAGATION; ULTRASHORT; EXCITATION; SIMULATION; GENERATION; WAKEFIELD AB Studies of the dynamics of stable relativistic/ponderomotive channel formation demonstrate that the use of an appropriate longitudinal gradient in the electron density can significantly enhance the efficiency of the power compression. A unidirectional stable zone locking rule, which allows the operating point of the system to enter the region of stable channelled propagation, but blocks departures from it, is established. These characteristics are extremely favourable for kilovolt x-ray amplification, charged-particle acceleration and the initiation of nuclear reactions. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Tsukuba Adv Res Alliance, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528552, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. IIT, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Borisov, AB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 845 W Taylor St,MC 273, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUL 28 PY 1999 VL 32 IS 14 BP 3511 EP 3525 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/32/14/318 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 225DE UT WOS:000081941500028 ER PT J AU Getty, JT Buchinsky, O Salvatore, RA Mason, B Piva, PG Charbonneau, S Grabowski, KS Coldren, LA AF Getty, JT Buchinsky, O Salvatore, RA Mason, B Piva, PG Charbonneau, S Grabowski, KS Coldren, LA TI Monolithic series-connected 1.55 mu m segmented-ridge lasers SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT AB Series-connected, two- and three-stage segmented 1.55 mu m ridge lasers have been fabricated and are shown to exceed the differential efficiency of comparable control lasers by factors of 1.75 and 2.35. Threshold currents are 1.52 and 2.44 times lower, respectively. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Studies, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Getty, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUL 22 PY 1999 VL 35 IS 15 BP 1257 EP 1258 DI 10.1049/el:19990872 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 225KY UT WOS:000081960100034 ER PT J AU Gruber, DE Matteson, JL Peterson, LE Jung, GV AF Gruber, DE Matteson, JL Peterson, LE Jung, GV TI The spectrum of diffuse cosmic hard X-rays measured with HEAO 1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diffuse radiation; instrumentation : detectors; X-rays : general ID GAMMA-RADIATION; ORIGIN; 3-KEV; AGNS; IA AB The spectrum of the diffuse isotropic component of cosmic X-rays over the 13-180 keV range was determined by the UCSD/MIT Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray instrument (HEAO 1 A-4) on board the High Energy Astronomical Observatory 1 (HEAO 1). The instrument consists of a complex of actively shielded and collimated scintillation counters, including the low-energy detector set from which the data reported here were obtained. These data join smoothly with the spectrum at lower energies reported by the GSFC HEAO 1 A-2 instrument and with that measured to 400 keV by the HEAO 1 A-4 medium-energy detectors. The HEAO 1 data set also joins the recent results from COMPTEL on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) in the 1-10 MeV range, which failed to confirm the existence of an "MeV bump" in this range. Although the spectrum over the entire range 3 keV less than or equal to E less than or equal to 100 GeV can be fitted by a simple empirical analytic expression, the origin is likely due to a number of distinct source components. The prevailing idea for the origin is that the hard X-ray spectrum is due to X-rays from various active galactic nucleus components, particularly Seyfert galaxies extending to cosmological distances, and that the low-energy gamma rays may be due to emission from Type Ia supernovae, which is also integrated to cosmological distances. The higher energy gamma-ray spectrum defined by EGRET, also on the CGRO, may be due to unresolved gamma-ray-emitting blazars. Models of production by these source components, extrapolated to the present epoch, must reproduce the observationally derived spectrum. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gruber, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 45 TC 244 Z9 244 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 1999 VL 520 IS 1 BP 124 EP 129 DI 10.1086/307450 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 215RC UT WOS:000081395500013 ER PT J AU Wang, YM AF Wang, YM TI The jetlike nature of HeII lambda 304 prominences SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : chromosphere; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : prominences; Sun : UV radiation ID MAGNETIC-FLUX TRANSPORT; SOLAR PROMINENCES; MODEL; RECONNECTION; FILAMENTS; FIELDS AB High-cadence He II lambda 304 images recorded with the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory show quiescent prominences as organized systems of long-lived jets. The prominence loop arcades consist of chromospheric material that streams continually from one end of each loop to the other; the speeds are typically of order 30 km s(-1) and tend to increase along the length of the loop. We suggest that the jets are triggered by magnetic reconnection during the process of flux submergence at the photospheric neutral line. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7672W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 1999 VL 520 IS 1 BP L71 EP L74 DI 10.1086/312149 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 215RD UT WOS:000081395600018 ER PT J AU Offermann, D Conway, RR AF Offermann, D Conway, RR TI CRISTA/MAHRSI - Preface SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-5600 Wuppertal, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Offermann, D (reprint author), Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-5600 Wuppertal, Germany. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 20 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D13 BP 16309 EP 16310 DI 10.1029/1999JD900214 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 218CE UT WOS:000081535000030 ER PT J AU Conway, RR Stevens, MH Brown, CM Cardon, JG Zasadil, SE Mount, GH AF Conway, RR Stevens, MH Brown, CM Cardon, JG Zasadil, SE Mount, GH TI Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Investigation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; NITRIC-OXIDE; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; OH; MESOSPHERE; HYDROXYL; RADICALS; SYSTEM; BORNE AB The Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Investigation (MAHRSI) was developed specifically to measure the vertical density profiles of hydroxyl (OH) and nitric oxide (NO) in the middle atmosphere from space. MAHRSI was launched on its first flight in November 1994 on the CRISTA-SPAS satellite that was deployed and retrieved by the space shuttle. The instrument measured the radiance profiles of ultraviolet solar resonance fluorescence on the Earth's limb with a spectral resolving power of 15,600 at a wavelength of 308 nm and 7200 at 215 nm. The instantaneous height of the field of view projected to the tangent point was about 300 m. OH limb radiance measurements were made between altitudes of 90 and 30 km, and each limb scan extended over a horizontal distance of 1200 km. For NO a limb scan extended between altitudes of 140 and 76 km and over a horizontal distance 700 km. Observations were made from 52 degrees S latitude to 62 degrees N latitude. The OH measurements have been inverted to provide the first global maps of the vertical distribution of OH between 90 and 50 km. The data show a detailed history of the morning formation of a strongly peaked layer of OH at an altitude of 68 km, This layer was produced by solar photodissociation of a thin layer of water vapor peaked at 65 km extending between 30 degrees S and 35 degrees N observed contemporaneously by the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. MAHRSI was successfully flown for a second time in August 1997 under conditions that extended the geographical coverage to 72 degrees N latitude and local solar time coverage through the afternoon hours. This paper provides a detailed description of the experiment and instrumentation, of the algorithms used to reduce the spectral data and perform the inversions, and presents examples of key results from the 1994 flight. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. Union Switch & Signal Inc, Pittsburgh, PA 15227 USA. RP Conway, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM conway@map.nrl.navy.mil OI Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955 NR 44 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 20 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D13 BP 16327 EP 16348 DI 10.1029/1998JD100036 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 218CE UT WOS:000081535000032 ER PT J AU Stevens, MH Conway, RR AF Stevens, MH Conway, RR TI Calculated OH A(2)Sigma(+)-X-2 Pi (0,0) band rotational emission rate factors for solar resonance fluorescence SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID A-X SYSTEM; RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; OD; HYDROXYL; PROBABILITIES; COEFFICIENTS; MESOSPHERE; STATES AB The Middle Atmosphere High-Resolution Spectrograph Investigation (MAHRSI) measured vertical density profiles of hydroxyl (OH) by observing OH A (2)Sigma(+) (XII)-I-2 (0,0) solar resonance fluorescence in the mesosphere near 309 nm [Conway et al., this issue]. Interpretation of the MAHRSI results requires calculation of the OH(0,0) rotational emission rate factors (g factors) which describe the molecule's fluorescent scattering efficiency. This calculation relies heavily on a solar irradiance measurement with high enough spectral resolution to identify the amount of excitation for each rotational transition (resolving power > 3.1 x 10(5)). Recent high-resolution ground-based measurements of the solar irradiance and more accurate absolute solar irradiance observations allow for much more accurate g factors. We find that the relative intensities of calculated OH(0,0) rotational g factors are in excellent agreement with MAHRSI spectra. The calculated OH(0,0) band g factor is found to be 3.51 x 10(-4) s(-1) at 200 K in good agreement with the most recent work on the subject. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stevens, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7641, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stevens@uap.nrl.navy.mil OI Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 20 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D13 BP 16369 EP 16378 DI 10.1029/1998JD100073 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 218CE UT WOS:000081535000034 ER PT J AU Bacmeister, JT Kuell, V Offermann, D Riese, M Elkins, JW AF Bacmeister, JT Kuell, V Offermann, D Riese, M Elkins, JW TI Intercomparison of satellite and aircraft observations of ozone, CFC-11, and NOy using trajectory mapping SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ER-2 AIRCRAFT; INSTRUMENTS ABOARD; ARCTIC WINTER; STRATOSPHERE; ASHOE/MAESA; TRANSPORT; ATMOS AB The Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) satellite measured global distributions of over 15 trace constituents at high horizontal resolution (<500 km), The CRISTA mission began shortly before the end of the Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone Experiment and Measurements to Assess the Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft (ASHOE/MAESA) airborne measurement campaign. CRISTA measurements of ozone, CFC-11, and HNO3 are available below 20 km, in the altitude range sampled by the ER-2 aircraft during ASHOE/MAESA. However, the time separation between the two missions makes a direct comparison of the data impossible. In this study, trajectory techniques are used to compare CRISTA measurements of ozone, CFC-11, and HNO3 with ER-2 measurements taken during the last two flights of ASHOE/MAESA on November 2 and 4, 1994. Visual comparison of CRISTA and ER-2 data from the November 4 flight is generally good. Mean tracer gradients across scales of similar to 1000 km, as well as absolute mixing ratios agree well with those measured from the ER-2, Correlation coefficients for coincident pairs of ER-2 and CRISTA measurements are between 0.68 and 0.80. The comparison for the November 2 flight is poor. We argue that the poor agreement for this flight maybe due to both smaller CRISTA measurement density as well as rapid stretching in the air mass sampled by the ER-2 on November 2. C1 NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bacmeister, JT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 913, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM bacmj@janus.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Riese, Martin/A-3927-2013 OI Riese, Martin/0000-0001-6398-6493 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 20 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D13 BP 16379 EP 16390 DI 10.1029/1999JD900173 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 218CE UT WOS:000081535000035 ER PT J AU Mangan, MA Spanos, G Ambrose, T Prinz, GA AF Mangan, MA Spanos, G Ambrose, T Prinz, GA TI Transmission electron microscopy investigation of Co thin films on GaAs(001) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BCC CO; MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; MAGNETORESISTANCE; BEHAVIOR; COBALT; GROWTH AB Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of the microstructure of epitaxial Co thin films on GaAs(001) are reported. Cross-sectional TEM confirmed both bcc-Co and hcp-Co exist in a single 345 Angstrom film. During film growth by molecular beam epitaxy, the epitaxial bcc-Co layer forms first at the GaAs interface, and hcp-Co islands subsequently form at the free surface of the bcc-Co layer when it reaches a thickness of about 145 Angstrom. The bcc-Co film is single crystal at early stages of growth, but later may develop into multiple bcc crystals. The final hcp-Co grain size is roughly 15-20 nm, and selected area electron diffraction showed these grains are strongly textured. Four previously unreported variants of the hcp-Co/GaAs orientation relationship were observed in which the c axis of the hcp unit cell lies out of the plane of the film. [S0003-6951(99)02529-2]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mangan, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 19 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 3 BP 346 EP 348 DI 10.1063/1.124370 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 215XP UT WOS:000081409000014 ER PT J AU Campos, EJD Lentini, CAD Miller, JL Piola, AR AF Campos, EJD Lentini, CAD Miller, JL Piola, AR TI Interannual variability of the sea surface temperature in the South Brazil Bight SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHELF; OCEAN AB In the austral winter of 1993, during a COROAS hydrographic cruise in the South Brasil Eight (SBB), an unexpected mass of cold and fresh water was observed on the continental shelf near 23 degrees S. Subsequent analyses of different data sets suggested that the origin of that water was probably the Argentine continental shelf, near the Rio de la Plata mouth. In this article, a 13-year time series of AVHRR Sea Surface Temperature anomalies is analysed to investigate the occurrence of this phenomenon in other periods. The results of these analyses and a good correlation with the Southern Oscillation Index suggest that the penetration of these waters into the SBB occurs in a frequency that may be associated with ENSO events. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Lab Modelagem Numer Oceanos, Inst Oceanog, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Dept Oceanog, Serv Hidrograf Naval, RA-1271 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Atmosfera, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Campos, EJD (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Lab Modelagem Numer Oceanos, Inst Oceanog, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Campos, edmo/G-6995-2012; Lentini, Carlos/C-9284-2013; Piola, Alberto/O-2280-2013 OI Lentini, Carlos/0000-0003-0406-1006; Piola, Alberto/0000-0002-5003-8926 NR 10 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 14 BP 2061 EP 2064 DI 10.1029/1999GL900297 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 217YT UT WOS:000081527100007 ER PT J AU Tylka, AJ Reames, DV Ng, CK AF Tylka, AJ Reames, DV Ng, CK TI Observations of systematic temporal evolution in elemental composition during gradual solar energetic particle events SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATION; ABUNDANCES; SHOCKS; TRANSPORT; FLARES; WAVES AB The WIND/EPACT experiment offers a similar to 100 fold increase in collecting power over instruments flown in previous solar cycles, thus allowing unprecedented detailed studies of temporal evolution in gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events. We present hourly WIND/EPACT observations at similar to 2-10 MeV/nuc from the 20 April 1998 and 26 August 1998 SEP events. These observations show striking patterns in elemental composition which evolve in a systematic fashion throughout the events' several-day durations. These data, combined with theoretical modeling in a companion Letter [Ng et al. 1999], suggest that a dynamic Alfven. wave field, generated primarily by streaming energetic protons, is responsible for the complex behavior which is observed. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Tylka, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Sci, Code 7654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 19 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 14 BP 2141 EP 2144 DI 10.1029/1999GL900458 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 217YT UT WOS:000081527100027 ER PT J AU Ng, CK Reames, DV Tylka, AJ AF Ng, CK Reames, DV Tylka, AJ TI Effect of proton-amplified waves on the evolution of solar energetic particle composition in gradual events SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHOCKS; ACCELERATION; ABUNDANCES; TRANSPORT AB We present a model of the coupled evolution of energetic ions and Alfven waves, incorporating magnetic focusing, pitch-angle diffusion, wave amplification, and a traveling ion source. Ion transport through proton-amplified waves with non-Kolmogorov spectra produces the contrasting three-stage evolution of Fe/O and He/H ratios at several MeV/amu observed by Wind/EPACT in the 20 April 1998 gradual solar energetic particle event [Tylka et al., 1999]. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ng, CK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Sci, Code 7654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 14 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 14 BP 2145 EP 2148 DI 10.1029/1999GL900459 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 217YT UT WOS:000081527100028 ER PT J AU Handy, EM Rao, MV Jones, KA Derenge, MA Chi, PH Vispute, RD Venkatesan, T Papanicolaou, NA Mittereder, J AF Handy, EM Rao, MV Jones, KA Derenge, MA Chi, PH Vispute, RD Venkatesan, T Papanicolaou, NA Mittereder, J TI Effectiveness of AlN encapsulant in annealing ion-implanted SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 6H SILICON-CARBIDE; ALUMINUM; BORON AB Aluminum nitride (AlN) has been used as an encapsulant for annealing nitrogen (N), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), aluminum (Al), and boron (B) ion-implanted 6H-SiC. Atomic force microscopy has revealed that the AlN encapsulant prevents the formation of long grooves on the SiC surface that are observed if the AlN encapsulant is not used, for annealing cycles up to 1600 degrees C for 15 min. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements indicated that the AlN encapsulant is effective in preserving the As and Sb implants, but could not stop the loss of the B implants. Electrical characterization reveals activation of N, As, Sb, and Al implants when annealed with an AlN encapsulant comparable to the best activation achieved without AlN. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)03214-4]. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Army Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Handy, EM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 NR 20 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 2 BP 746 EP 751 DI 10.1063/1.370798 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 211QL UT WOS:000081171800006 ER PT J AU Rao, MV Tucker, JB Ridgway, MC Holland, OW Papanicolaou, N Mittereder, J AF Rao, MV Tucker, JB Ridgway, MC Holland, OW Papanicolaou, N Mittereder, J TI Ion-implantation in bulk semi-insulating 4H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SIC POWER DEVICES; SILICON-CARBIDE; NITROGEN; ALUMINUM; BORON AB Multiple energy N (at 500 degrees C) and Al (at 800 degrees C) ion implantations were performed into bulk semi-insulating 4H-SiC at various doses to obtain uniform implant concentrations in the range 1x10(18)-1x10(20) cm(-3) to a depth of 1.0 mu m. Implant anneals were performed at 1400, 1500, and 1600 degrees C for 15 min. For both N and Al implants, the carrier concentration measured at room temperature for implant concentrations less than or equal to 10(19) cm(-3) is limited by carrier ionization energies, whereas for the 10(20) cm(-3) implant, the carrier concentration is also limited by factors such as the solubility limit of the implanted nitrogen and residual implant damage. Lattice quality of the as-implanted and annealed material was evaluated by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy measurements. Residual lattice damage was observed in the implanted material even after high temperature annealing. Atomic force microscopy revealed increasing deterioration in surface morphology (due to the evaporation of Si containing species) with increasing annealing temperature. The surface damage is in the form of long furrows running in one direction across the wafer to a depth of similar to 25 nm from the surface for samples annealed at 1600 degrees C for 15 min. We measured room temperature sheet resistivities of similar to 70 and 1.2x10(4) Omega/sq., respectively, for 2x10(19) cm(-3) N (1500 degrees C annealing) and 1x10(20) cm(-3) Al (1600 degrees C annealing) implanted samples. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)05914-9]. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rao, MV (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Ridgway, Mark/D-9626-2011 OI Ridgway, Mark/0000-0002-0642-0108 NR 25 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 2 BP 752 EP 758 DI 10.1063/1.370799 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 211QL UT WOS:000081171800007 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, VM TI Simple interpretation of metal/wurtzite-GaN barrier heights SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; INTERFACES; SURFACES; CONTACTS AB Photoemission data for the dependence of the Schottky barrier height on the metal work function, for n-type wurtzite GaN, are discussed in terms of the Cowley-Sze model [J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3212 (1965)] for a uniform density of surface states in the band gap. It is suggested that, in the context of this model, such barrier heights can be expressed largely as a sum of the "bare-surface barrier height" (i.e., the band bending before contact formation) and a Mott-Schottky term. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)02414-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 2 BP 1170 EP 1171 DI 10.1063/1.370861 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 211QL UT WOS:000081171800074 ER PT J AU Doolan, DL Hoffman, SL AF Doolan, DL Hoffman, SL TI IL-12 and NK cells are required for antigen-specific adaptive immunity against malaria initiated by CD8(+) T cells in the Plasmodium yoelii model SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IFN-GAMMA; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; IMMUNOREGULATORY FUNCTIONS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IL-12-DEFICIENT MICE; LYMPHOMYELOID CELLS; INNATE RESISTANCE AB CD8(+) T cells have been implicated as critical effector cells in protection against preerythrocytic stage malaria, including the potent protective immunity of mice and humans induced by immunization with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium spp, sporozoites. This immunity is directed against the Plasmodium spp, parasite developing within the host hepatocyte and for a number of years has been presumed to be mediated directly by CD8(+)CTL or indirectly by IFN-gamma released from CD8(+) T cells, In this paper, in BALB/c mice, we establish that after immunization with irradiated sporozoites or DNA vaccines parasite-specific CD8(+) T cells trigger a novel mechanism of adaptive immunity that is dependent on T cell- and non-T cell-derived cytokines, in particular IFN-gamma and IL-12, and requires PrX cells but not CD4(+) T cells. The absolute requirement for CD8(+) T cells to initiate such an effector mechanism, and the requirement for IL-12 and NK cells in such vaccine-induced protective immunity, are unique and underscore the complexity of the immune responses that protect against malaria and other intracellular pathogens. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. World Hlth Org, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Reg Off, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Doolan, DL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 12300 Washington Ave, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 60 TC 148 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUL 15 PY 1999 VL 163 IS 2 BP 884 EP 892 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 215AY UT WOS:000081360800045 PM 10395683 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI Modification of the Adam-Gibbs model of glass transition for consistency with experimental data SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC SUSCEPTIBILITY MEASUREMENTS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; FORMING LIQUIDS; COUPLING MODEL; ALPHA-RELAXATION; ORGANIC LIQUIDS; POLYMER-FILMS; O-TERPHENYL; CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION AB We show that the Adam and Gibbs model of relaxation of liquid and polymeric glass-formers based on the configurational entropy, S(c), cannot account for several important experimental facts and phenomenology. These shortcomings include the decrease of the glass temperature when the glass-former is confined in nanometer pores, thermorheological complex nature of the viscoelastic spectrum of polymers, and also the deviation from a linear relation between log(relaxation time) and (TS(c))(-1) found generally in fragile liquids. A closer reexamination of the Adam and Gibbs model indicates that the proposed transition rate of the cooperative rearranging regions does not seem to have captured all the complexities of molecular motion, i.e., their many-body dynamics. This aspect of the Adam-Gibbs model is improved by combining it with the coupling model to construct a modified model. The results of the modified model have the benefit of being consistent with all the experimental data considered. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 79 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 15 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 28 BP 5895 EP 5902 DI 10.1021/jp990594w PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 219FW UT WOS:000081598100021 ER PT J AU Rubinstein, M AF Rubinstein, M TI HfTe5 and ZrTe5: Possible polaronic conductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITION; EFFECTIVE MASSES; FERMI-SURFACE; THERMOPOWER; LA2/3CA1/3MNO3; RESISTIVITY; TRANSPORT AB The interpretation of the published electrical transport data of the group IVB transition-metal pentatellurides, ZrTe5 and HfTe5, have been reconsidered. These materials evince a strong resistivity peak at a temperature where the Hall effect and the thermopower manifest a change in sign. Inspired by recent investigations of the "metal-insulator transition" in rare-earth manganates, the anomalous behavior of the pentatellurides have been tentatively interpreted as consequences of polaronic transport. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rubinstein, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rubinstein@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 40 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 3 BP 1627 EP 1632 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.1627 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 218KJ UT WOS:000081551500042 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, R Haugk, M Elsner, J Jungnickel, G Elstner, M Sieck, A Frauenheim, T Porezag, D AF Gutierrez, R Haugk, M Elsner, J Jungnickel, G Elstner, M Sieck, A Frauenheim, T Porezag, D TI Reconstructions of the Si-terminated (100) surface in beta-SiC: A theoretical study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; BETA-SIC(100) SURFACE; 6H-SIC(0001) SURFACES; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SIMULATIONS; ENERGETICS; CARBON; POTENTIALS AB Using a self-consistent-charge density-functional based tight-binding approach the structural properties and relative stabilities of Si-terminated reconstructions of the (100) surface in beta-SiC are discussed. All low-energy surfaces are found to be semiconducting. Over a wide range of growth conditions a model with 2 x 3 periodicity has a low formation energy. Only in a Si-rich environment does a 3 x 2 structure become stable. [S0163-1829(99)04824-9]. C1 Tech Univ, Inst Phys, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany. Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Fachbereich Phys, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gutierrez, R (reprint author), Tech Univ, Inst Phys, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany. RI Gutierrez, Rafael/G-3573-2010; Elstner, Marcus/H-3463-2013; Frauenheim, Thomas/C-5653-2015 OI Gutierrez, Rafael/0000-0003-2090-1140; Frauenheim, Thomas/0000-0002-3073-0616 NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 3 BP 1771 EP 1776 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.1771 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 218KJ UT WOS:000081551500060 ER PT J AU Broughton, JQ Abraham, FF Bernstein, N Kaxiras, E AF Broughton, JQ Abraham, FF Bernstein, N Kaxiras, E TI Concurrent coupling of length scales: Methodology and application SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; INSTABILITY DYNAMICS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CRACK-PROPAGATION; SILICON; ORDER; DENSITY; MODEL; POTENTIALS AB A strategic objective of computational materials physics is the accurate description of specific materials on length scales approaching the meso and macroscopic. We report on progress towards this goal by describing a seamless coupling of continuum to statistical to quantum mechanics, involving an algorithm, implemented on a parallel computer, for handshaking between finite elements, molecular dynamics, and semiempirical tight binding. We illustrate and validate the methodology using the example of crack propagation in silicon. C1 USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, Div Res, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Broughton, JQ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 414 Z9 428 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 2391 EP 2403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.2391 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 223HA UT WOS:000081834400041 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Mott, PH AF Roland, CM Mott, PH TI Response to "Comment on birefringence in the softening zone" SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; BEHAVIOR C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 13 PY 1999 VL 32 IS 14 BP 4728 EP 4728 DI 10.1021/ma9820366 PG 1 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 217JG UT WOS:000081495800033 ER PT J AU Jackson, EM Weaver, BD Seabaugh, AC Van der Wagt, JPA Beam, EA AF Jackson, EM Weaver, BD Seabaugh, AC Van der Wagt, JPA Beam, EA TI Proton-induced disorder in InP-based resonant tunneling diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We have fabricated arrays of resonant tunneling diodes based on InP substrates for exposure at room temperature with fluences of 3 MeV protons up to 7 x 10(14) H+/cm(2). Proton fluences below about 1 X 10(13) cm(-2) have little effect on the resonant tunneling diode but higher fluences decrease the peak current and increase the valley current. We find that proton-induced changes in the operating parameters are qualitatively similar to the effects of doping the wells. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)02628-5]. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Raytheon Syst Co, Appl Res Lab, Dallas, TX 75265 USA. Rockwell Int Corp, Ctr Sci, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. TriQuint Semicond, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP SFA Inc, 1401 McCormick Ave, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM ejackson@ccf.nrl.navy.mil RI Seabaugh, Alan/I-4473-2012 OI Seabaugh, Alan/0000-0001-6907-4129 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 2 BP 280 EP 282 DI 10.1063/1.124348 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 213GW UT WOS:000081265200044 ER PT J AU Dobe, Z Quest, KB Shapiro, VD Szego, K Huba, JD AF Dobe, Z Quest, KB Shapiro, VD Szego, K Huba, JD TI Interaction of the solar wind with unmagnetized planets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-WAVES; VENUS; MANTLE; INSTABILITY; DAYSIDE; MARS AB The results of a one-dimensional electromagnetic hybrid simulation of the interaction between the ionospheres of Venus and Mars and the solar wind are presented. Finite electron inertia is retained, allowing for the analysis of the lower hybrid waves propagating along an oblique but fixed angle to the shocked solar-wind magnetic field. The waves are excited by a relative drift between a cold electron beam, created by E x B pickup, and the planetary oxygen ions. The free energy source for instability is in the solar-wind proton flow supporting electron drift through the convective electric field. The waves generate a collective friction between the shocked solar-wind flow and planetary ions. C1 KFKI, Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. Univ Calif San Diego, ECE Dept, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dobe, Z (reprint author), KFKI, Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 2 BP 260 EP 263 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.260 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 215AC UT WOS:000081358900005 ER PT J AU Martin-Pintado, J Gaume, RA Rodriguez-Fernandez, N De Vicente, P Wilson, TL AF Martin-Pintado, J Gaume, RA Rodriguez-Fernandez, N De Vicente, P Wilson, TL TI Hot expanding shells in the envelope of the Sagittarius B2 molecular cloud SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxy : center; ISM : bubbles; ISM : individual (Sagittarius B2); ISM : molecules; masers; stars : Wolf-Rayet ID WOLF-RAYET STARS; H2CO MASER EMISSION; GALACTIC-CENTER; SGR B2; RECOMBINATION LINE; (NH3)-N-15 MASER; FORMING REGION; SIO EMISSION; AMMONIA; DISCOVERY AB We present high-resolution (3 ") maps of the (3, 3) and (4, 4) lines of NH3 toward the southern part of the molecular envelope of the Sagittarius B2 star-forming region. These maps reveal, for the first time, that the morphology of the hot gas in the Sgr B2 envelope is dominated by at least six rings, two arcs, and a filament. The sizes of the rings are between 1 and 2.6 pc and their thicknesses between 0.2 and 0.4 pc. Most of the gas in the rings is warm, with kinetic temperatures, T-k, of 40-70 K, although some parts of the low-velocity rings reach temperatures larger than 100 K. These hot rings and arcs represent regions of enhanced H-2 density and/or enhanced NH3 abundance in the Sgr B2 envelope. Some of the hot rings show radial velocity gradients, which suggests that the rings and arcs correspond to three-dimensional shells expanding at velocities of similar to 6-10 km s(-1). The walls of the hot shells are highly clumped and contain unresolved condensations (less than or similar to 1 ") in the line maps. There are two kinds of unresolved condensations: those appearing in the (3, 3) line maps with only weak emission in the (4, 4) line and those with rather strong emission in the (4, 4) line compared with that of the (3, 3) line. For the first kind, we identify six condensations in the NH3 (3, 3) line maps that have brightness temperatures larger than the kinetic temperatures. It is likely that these are newly found NH3 masers. We also find that other masers in the region such as class II CH3OH and H2CO masers are very well correlated in velocity and position with the hot shells. The large number of masers observed in the hot shells can be explained as a result of the combination of high abundance of volatile molecules like NH3, CH3OH, and H2CO (produced by hot temperature and/or shock chemistry) and sufficient velocity coherence at the edges of the expanding shells. For the second kind of condensations, we have identified three compact sources in the walls of the shells that are hot (T-k greater than or similar to 300 K) and have high H-2 densities (greater than or similar to 10(6)-10(7) cm(-3)). These exhibit characteristics similar to those of the hot cores associated with newly formed massive stars. The inferred dust luminosity for the hot cores is at least 10(5) L., similar to the Orion A hot core. The high luminosity of the hot cores and the lack of associated radio continuum emission indicates that these are internally heated and very likely associated with the dense circumstellar material surrounding newly formed stars. The detection of hot cores suggests that massive star formation is not restricted to only Sgr B2N and Sgr B2M but is also taking place in the envelope of Sgr B2. Very likely, this star formation has been triggered by the expanding bubbles that produce the shells seen in the NH3 inversion lines. We discuss the possible origin of these hot shells. We find that a wind-blown bubble driven by typical Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars could account for the kinetic energies and the momenta observed in the hot NH3 shells. A cluster containing massive evolved stars such as the Quintuplet could easily explain the large concentration of hot shells, the heating of the warm envelope, and the peculiar chemistry observed in the envelope of Sgr B2. The implication of these findings for the heating of Galactic center molecular clouds is briefly discussed. C1 Observ Astron Nacl, E-28800 Alcala De Henares, Spain. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53010 Bonn, Germany. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Submillimeter Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Martin-Pintado, J (reprint author), Observ Astron Nacl, Apartado 1143, E-28800 Alcala De Henares, Spain. RI Martin-Pintado, Jesus/H-6107-2015 OI Martin-Pintado, Jesus/0000-0003-4561-3508 NR 69 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1999 VL 519 IS 2 BP 667 EP 686 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 213XF UT WOS:000081298000024 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, JD Reid, IN Liebert, J Cutri, RM Nelson, B Beichman, CA Dahn, CC Monet, DG Gizis, JE Skrutskie, MF AF Kirkpatrick, JD Reid, IN Liebert, J Cutri, RM Nelson, B Beichman, CA Dahn, CC Monet, DG Gizis, JE Skrutskie, MF TI Dwarfs cooler than "M": The definition of spectral type "L" using discoveries from the 2-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; stars : atmospheres; stars : distances; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID DENIS-P J1228.2-1547; BROWN DWARF; GLIESE 229B; STARS; PHOTOMETRY; PLEIADES; OBJECTS; SOLAR; FAINT; DUST AB Before the 2-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) began, only six objects were known with spectral types later than M9.5 V. In the first 371 deg(2) of actual 2MASS survey data, we have identified another 20 such objects spectroscopically confirmed using the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrograph (LRIS) at the W. M. Reck Observatory. Because the TiO and VO bands, which dominate the far-optical portions of late-M spectra, disappear in these cooler dwarfs, we define a new spectral class "L" in which metallic oxides are replaced by metallic hydrides and neutral alkali metals as the major spectroscopic signatures. We establish classification indices and type all 25 L dwarfs. The 26th "post-M9.5" object-Gl 229B-is the prototype of a methane-dominated spectral class, which we propose as class "T." At least five of the 20 2MASS L dwarfs show the 6708 Angstrom. lithium doublet at low resolution, the strongest having an equivalent width of 18.5 Angstrom. For objects this cool, the presence of lithium proves that they are substellar. Two other 2MASS objects appear to have lithium lines at the limit of our detectability, which if verified means that at least one-third of our L dwarfs are bona fide brown dwarfs. All of the 2MASS brown dwarfs discovered so far have J-K(s)>1.30. We have not yet, despite deliberately searching for them, found any brown dwarfs with colors resembling G1 229B (J-K(s)approximate to-0.1). C1 CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Palomar Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Astron, Col Astron Dept 5, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, JD (reprint author), CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, MS 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM davy@ipac.caltech.edu NR 67 TC 695 Z9 699 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1999 VL 519 IS 2 BP 802 EP 833 DI 10.1086/307414 PN 1 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 213XF UT WOS:000081298000037 ER PT J AU Bell, RE Childers, VA Arko, RA Blankenship, DD Brozena, JM AF Bell, RE Childers, VA Arko, RA Blankenship, DD Brozena, JM TI Airborne gravity and precise positioning for geologic applications SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GRAVIMETRY; ANTARCTICA; SYSTEM AB Airborne gravimetry has become an important geophysical tool primarily because of advancements in methodology and instrumentation made in the past decade. Airbome gravity is especially useful when measured in conjunction with other geophysical data, such as magnetics, radar, and laser altimetry. The aerogeophysical survey over the West Antarctic ice sheet described in this paper is one such interdisciplinary study. This paper outlines in detail the instrumentation, survey and data processing methodology employed to perform airborne gravimetry from the multi-instrumented Twin Otter aircraft. Precise positioning from carrier-phase Global Positioning System (GPS) observations are combined with measurements of acceleration made by the gravity meter in the aircraft to obtain the free-air gravity anomaly measurement at aircraft altitude. GPS data are processed using the Kinematic and Rapid Static (KARS) software program, and aircraft vertical acceleration and corrections for gravity data reduction are calculated from the GPS position solution. Accuracies for the free-air anomaly are determined from crossover analysis after significant editing (2.98 mGal rms) and from a repeat track (1.39 mGal rms). The aerogeophysical survey covered a 300,000 km(2) region in West Antarctica over the course of five field seasons. The gravity data from the West Antarctic survey reveal the major geologic structures of the West Antarctic rift system, including the Whitmore Mountains, the Byrd Subglacial Basin, the Sinuous Ridge, the Ross Embayment, and Siple Dome. These measurements, in conjunction with magnetics and ice-penetrating radar, provide the information required to reveal the tectonic fabric and history of this important region. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78759 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bell, RE (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM robinb@ldeo.columhia.edu; vicki@qur.nrl.navy.mil; arko@ldeo.columbia.edu; blank@ig.utexas.edu; john@qur.nrl.navy.mil RI Blankenship, Donald/G-5935-2010 NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 10 PY 1999 VL 104 IS B7 BP 15281 EP 15292 DI 10.1029/1999JB900122 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 215JP UT WOS:000081378800020 ER PT J AU Pangilinan, GI Russell, TP AF Pangilinan, GI Russell, TP TI Role of Al-O-2 chemistry in the laser-induced vaporization of Al films in air SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESOLVED OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; ALUMINUM MONOXIDE; THIN-FILMS; DEPOSITION; SYSTEM; EVAPORATION; PRESSURE; ABLATION AB Evidence for the prominent role of atypical reactions, and enhanced vaporization arising from resonant optical absorption of the exciting beam, in the pulsed-laser heating of thin films is presented. Time-resolved emission of Al and the reaction product AlO are monitored in the laser vaporization of Al films in air. Optical emission is observed up to 200 microseconds after an 8 mu s heating pulse, indicative of long chemical lifetimes. Furthermore, increased emission from both Al and AlO up to 100 mu s after the heating pulse, are observed when the laser wavelength is tuned to resonance with AlO transitions. Since the electronic resonance with the reaction product AlO affects the subsequent emission of Al, these measurements underscore the importance of physical and chemical processes peculiar to laser-induced vaporization, and ablation. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)02026-7]. C1 USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pangilinan, GI (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 2 BP 445 EP 448 DI 10.1063/1.479322 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 209UM UT WOS:000081067300001 ER PT J AU Campbell, ML AF Campbell, ML TI Temperature dependent rate constants for the reactions of gas phase lanthanides with N2O SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXOTHERMIC HOMOLOGOUS REACTIONS; ACTIVATION BARRIERS; METAL ATOMS; SERIES; HYDROCARBONS; COMPLEXES; CATIONS; O-2 AB The reactivity of gas phase lanthanide (Ln) atoms (Ln=La-Yb with the exception of Pm) with N2O from 298 to 623 K is reported. Lanthanide atoms were produced by the photodissociation of Ln(TMHD)(3) (TMHD=2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanato ion) and detected by laser-induced fluorescence. Large variations in the reaction rate constants are observed. The bimolecular rate constants are described in Arrhenius form by k[Ce((1)G(4))]=(1.9+/-0.5) x 10(-10) exp(-0.8+/-0.8 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Pr(I-4(9/2)), (3.6+/-1.2) x 10(-10) exp(-8.0+/-1.2 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Nd(I-5(4)), (3.4+/-0.4) x 10(-10) exp(-8.8+/-0.5 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Sm(F-7(0)), (3.2+/-1.1) x 10(-10) exp(-11.2+/-1.2 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Eu(S-8(7/2)), (2.7+/-0.4)+/-10(-10) exp(-12.7+/-0.5 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Gd(D-9(2)), (2.0+/-0.3) x 10(-10) exp(-6.4+/-0.5 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Tb(H-6(15/2)), (2.9+/-0.5) x 10(-10) exp(-10.9+/-0.6 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Dy(I-5(8)), (3.4+/-0.8) x 10(-10) exp(-16.2+/-0.8 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Ho(I-4(15/2)), (2.9+/-0.5) x 10(-10) exp(-17.1+/-0.6 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Er(H-3(6)), (3.3+/-1.2) x 10(-10) exp(-18.4+/-1.2 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Tm(F-2(7/2)), (3.5+/-0.6) x 10(-10) exp(-19.5+/-0.6 kJ mol(-1)/RT); Yb(S-1(0)), (2.5+/-0.2) x 10(-10) exp(-20.2+/-0.3 kJ mol(-1)/RT) where the uncertainties represent +/-2 sigma. The reaction barriers are found to correlate to the energy required to promote an electron out of the 6s subshell. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)00626-1]. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Campbell, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 2 BP 562 EP 566 DI 10.1063/1.479336 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 209UM UT WOS:000081067300017 ER PT J AU Ranganathan, D Lakshmi, C Karle, IL AF Ranganathan, D Lakshmi, C Karle, IL TI Hydrogen-bonded self-assembled peptide nanotubes from cystine-based macrocyclic bisureas SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMEMBRANE ION CHANNELS; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RECEPTOR; BINDING; ARCHITECTURE; DESIGN; ACIDS AB The design, synthesis, and characterization of amino acid-based cyclic bisureas, a new class of macrocyclic peptides, are described. These cystine-based macrocycles are constructed by a single-step procedure involving condensation of 1,omega-alkane diisocyanate[(CH2)(n)(NCO)(2); n = 4,6, 12] with either the simple L-cystine dimethyl ester to provide simple cyclic bisureas of 16-, 18-, and 24-membered rings through 1 + 1 cyclization or with extended cystine bispeptides leading to a variety of cystine-based macrocyclic peptide bisureas. The potential of cyclic bisureas to serve as artificial receptors for 1,omega-alkane dicarboxylic acids has been demonstrated with 18- and 24-membered macrocycles which show specific binding with dianions of oxalic and succinic acid, respectively. Single-crystal X-ray studies have shown these eyelid bisureas to possess an inherent property of self-assembling into vertical stacks of tube-like structures. The hollow, open-ended tubes offer enormous scope as models for studying biological phenomena or for designing materials with novel electronic and optical properties. C1 Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ranganathan, D (reprint author), Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. NR 32 TC 118 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 7 PY 1999 VL 121 IS 26 BP 6103 EP 6107 DI 10.1021/ja9903025 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 217RB UT WOS:000081511800001 ER PT J AU Appella, DH Christianson, LA Karle, IL Powell, DR Gellman, SH AF Appella, DH Christianson, LA Karle, IL Powell, DR Gellman, SH TI Synthesis and characterization of trans-2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid oligomers: An unnatural helical secondary structure and implications for beta-peptide tertiary structure SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR DICHROIC SPECTRA; AMINO ACID; ALPHA-SUBSTITUTION; GAMMA-HEXAPEPTIDE; PROTEIN DESIGN; SIDE-CHAINS; CONFORMATIONS; FOLDAMERS; FAMILY; NMR AB The preperation, crystal structures, and circular dichroism(CD)spectra of two oligomers of optically active trans-2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid are reported. In the solid state, both the tetramer and the hexamer of this beta-amino acid display a helical conformation that involves 14-membered-ring hydrogen bonds between a carbonyl oxygen and the amide proton of the second residue toward the N-terminus. (For comparison, the familiar cc-helix observed in conventional peptides is associated with a 13-membered-ring hydrogen, bond between a carbonyl oxygen and the amide proton of the fourth residue toward the C-terminus.) These. :crystallographic data, along with CD data obtained in methanol, suggest that the 14-helix constitutes a stable secondary structure for beta-amino acid oligomers ("beta-peptides"). In addition, the cryst al packing pattern observed for the hexamer offers a blueprint for the design of beta-peptides that might adopt a helical bundle tertiary structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 57 TC 188 Z9 191 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 7 PY 1999 VL 121 IS 26 BP 6206 EP 6212 DI 10.1021/ja990748l PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 217RB UT WOS:000081511800014 ER PT J AU Zastavker, YV Asherie, N Lomakin, A Pande, J Donovan, JM Schnur, JM Benedek, GB AF Zastavker, YV Asherie, N Lomakin, A Pande, J Donovan, JM Schnur, JM Benedek, GB TI Self-assembly of helical ribbons SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MODEL BILE SYSTEMS; TUBULAR MICROSTRUCTURES; CHOLESTEROL CRYSTALLIZATION; AMPHIPHILIC ASSEMBLIES; LIPID TUBULES; LECITHIN; NUCLEATION; DEPENDENCE; MEMBRANES; BILAYERS AB The self assembly of helical ribbons is examined in a variety of multicomponent enantiomerically pure systems that contain a bile salt or a nonionic detergent, a phosphatidylcholine or a fatty acid, and a steroid analog of cholesterol. In almost all systems, two different pitch types of helical ribbons are observed: high pitch, with a pitch angle of 54 +/- 2 degrees, and low pitch, with a pitch angle of 11 +/- 2 degrees. Although the majority of these helices are right-handed, a small proportion of left-handed helices is observed. Additionally, a third type of helical ribbon, with a pitch angle in the range 30-47 degrees, is occasionally found. These experimental findings suggest that the helical ribbons are crystalline rather than liquid crystal in nature and also suggest that molecular chirality may not be the determining factor in helix formation. The large yields of helices produced will permit a systematic investigation of their individual kinetic evolution and their elastic moduli. C1 MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Ctr Mat Proc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Brockton W Roxbury Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02132 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Benedek, GB (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Phys, Room 13-2005,77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 31 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 4 U2 33 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 6 PY 1999 VL 96 IS 14 BP 7883 EP 7887 DI 10.1073/pnas.96.14.7883 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 214RV UT WOS:000081342100053 PM 10393916 ER PT J AU Kenyon, NS Chatzipetrou, M Masetti, M Ranuncoli, A Oliveira, M Wagner, JL Kirk, AD Harlan, DM Burkly, LC Ricordi, C AF Kenyon, NS Chatzipetrou, M Masetti, M Ranuncoli, A Oliveira, M Wagner, JL Kirk, AD Harlan, DM Burkly, LC Ricordi, C TI Long-term survival and function of intrahepatic islet allografts in rhesus monkeys treated with humanized anti-CD154 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LIGAND ANTIBODY TREATMENT; CD40 LIGAND; INSULIN INDEPENDENCE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; PANCREATIC-ISLETS; TRANSPLANTATION; BLOCKADE; PATHWAY; DONOR; SUPPRESSION AB Reported effects of anti-CD154 treatment on autoimmunity, alloreactivity, and inflammatory events mediated by macrophages and endothelial cells indicated that it might be an ideal agent for the prevention of intrahepatic islet allograft failure. This hypothesis was tested in MHC-mismatched rhesus monkeys. Transplantation of an adequate number of viable islets resulted in engraftment and insulin independence in six of six recipients treated with anti-CD154 (hu5c8) induction plus monthly maintenance therapy (post-operative day >125, >246, >266, >405, >419, >476). Anti-CD154 (hu5c8) displayed no inhibitory effect on islet cell function. For monkeys followed for >100 days, continued improvement ingraft function, as determined by first phase insulin release in response to intravenous glucose, was observed after the first 100 days post-transplant. No evidence of toxicity or infectious complications has been observed. All recipients treated with anti-CD154 became specifically nonresponsive to donor cells in mixed lymphocyte reactions. Furthermore, three monkeys are now off therapy (>113, >67, and >54 days off anti-CD154), with continued insulin independence and donor-specific mixed lymphocyte reaction hyporeactivity. In striking contrast to all previously tested strategies, transplantation of an adequate number of functional islets under the cover of anti-CD154 (hu5c8) monotherapy consistently allows for allogeneic islet engraftment and long-term insulin independence in this highly relevant preclinical model. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Diabet Res Inst, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Div Vet Resources, Miami, FL 33136 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Immune Cell Biol Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Biogen Inc, Cambridge Ctr 14, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Kenyon, NS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Diabet Res Inst, 1450 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012; OI Ricordi, Camillo/0000-0001-8092-7153 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK025802, R01 DK 25802-18, R01 DK51703-01AI] NR 52 TC 316 Z9 321 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 6 PY 1999 VL 96 IS 14 BP 8132 EP 8137 DI 10.1073/pnas.96.14.8132 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 214RV UT WOS:000081342100097 PM 10393960 ER PT J AU Pearson, DH Tonucci, RJ Bussmann, KM Bolden, EA AF Pearson, DH Tonucci, RJ Bussmann, KM Bolden, EA TI Parallel patterning of mesoscopic ring arrays using nanochannel glass replica masks SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; QUANTUM-DOT TRANSISTOR; FABRICATION; LITHOGRAPHY; DEVICES; MEMBRANES; FEATURES; ALUMINA; STAMP; SCALE C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pearson, DH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JUL 5 PY 1999 VL 11 IS 9 BP 769 EP 773 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 220RC UT WOS:000081680400019 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Hoffman, CA Cho, S DiVenere, A Wong, GK Ketterson, JB AF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Hoffman, CA Cho, S DiVenere, A Wong, GK Ketterson, JB TI Thermoelectric and magnetotransport properties of Bi1-xSbx thin films and Bi/CdTe superlattices SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID MOBILITY-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; BISMUTH; FIGURE; GROWTH; MERIT; POWER; GAP AB The magnetotransport properties of Bi1-xSbx thin films (x = 0, 0.09 and 0.16) and Bi/CdTe superlattices have been determined by applying the quantitative mobility spectrum analysis (QMSA) and multicarrier fitting to the magnetic-field-dependent resistivities and Hall coefficients, using algorithms which account for the strong anisotropy of the mobilities. The experimentally derived electron and hole densities and mobilities are then used as the input to a nonparabolic and anisotropic band model that derives the thermal occupations and relaxation times for L-valley electrons and holes as well as T-valley and H-valley holes. This allows a calculation of the thermoelectric properties for comparison with experimental results. While the data for a Bi thin film and Bi/CdTe superlattices are reproduced quite well without any adjustable parameters, for Bi1-xSbx thin films a non-uniform doping profile must be assumed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5600, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Ketterson, John/B-7234-2009 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 5 PY 1999 VL 11 IS 26 BP 5157 EP 5167 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/11/26/316 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 217NJ UT WOS:000081505600019 ER PT J AU Hellberg, CS Manousakis, E AF Hellberg, CS Manousakis, E TI Stripes and the t-J model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PHASE-SEPARATION; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; DOPED ANTIFERROMAGNETS; CHARGE; HOLES; SPINS; ORDER; DIAGRAM; LA1.48ND0.4SR0.12CUO4 AB We investigate the two-dimensional t-J model at a hole doping of x = 1/8. The low-energy states are uniform (not striped). We find numerous excited states with charge density wave structures, which may be interpreted as striped phases. Some of these are consistent with neutron scattering data on cuprates and nickelates. Without additional terms in the t-J Hamiltonian, stripes can be stabilized only as ground states through the application of artificial boundary conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, MARTECH, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Hellberg, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010 NR 38 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 5 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 1 BP 132 EP 135 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.132 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 212VH UT WOS:000081238000033 ER PT J AU Hammar, PR Bennett, BR Yang, MJ Johnson, M AF Hammar, PR Bennett, BR Yang, MJ Johnson, M TI Observation of spin injection at a ferromagnet-semiconductor interface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; GAAS AB Spin injection at a ferromagnet-semiconductor interface is observed by projecting the spin-polarized current in the ferromagnet onto the spin-split density of states of a high mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). For a given polarization of carriers in the 2DEG, reversing the magnetization orientation of the ferromagnet modulates the interface resistance. Equivalently, reversing the polarization of the 2DEG carriers by reversing the bias polarity gives the same resistance modulation. Interface resistance changes of order 1% at room temperature indicate interfacial current polarizations of order 20%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hammar, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Riminucci, Alberto/D-7525-2011 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Riminucci, Alberto/0000-0003-0976-1810 NR 18 TC 396 Z9 405 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 5 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 1 BP 203 EP 206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 212VH UT WOS:000081238000051 ER PT J AU Rajagopal, AK Tsallis, C AF Rajagopal, AK Tsallis, C TI Generalization of the Lie-Trotter product formula for q-exponential operators SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE Lie-Trotter formula; nonextensivity; q-exponential; path integral ID SYSTEMS; STATISTICS; UNIVERSE AB The Lie-Trotter formula e ((A) over cap + (B) over cap) = lim (N --> proportional to) (e ((A) over cap / N) e ((B) over cap / N))(N) is of great utility in a variety of quantum problems ranging from the theory of path integrals and Monte Carlo methods in theoretical chemistry, to many-body and thermostatistical calculations. We generalize it for the q-exponential function e(q)(x) = [1 + (1 - q)x]((1/(1-q))) (with e(1)(x) = e(x)), and prove e(q) ((A) over cap + (B) over cap (1 - q)[(A) over cap (B) over cap + (A) over cap (B) over cap]/2 = lim (N --> infinity) {[e(1-(1 - q)N) ((A) over cap / N)] [e(1-1(1-q)N) ((B) over cap / N]}(N). This extended formula is expected to be similarly useful in the nonextensive situations. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, CNPq, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 5 PY 1999 VL 257 IS 5-6 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(99)00295-9 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 214WP UT WOS:000081350800008 ER PT J AU Pederson, MR Khanna, SN AF Pederson, MR Khanna, SN TI Electronic and geometrical structure and magnetic ordering in passivated Mn12O12-acetate nanomagnets SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN MOLECULES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; QUANTUM; RELAXATION; PARTICLES AB We performed electronic structure calculations on several Mn12O12 and Mn12O12(COOH)(16)(H2O)(4) clusters to investigate the magnetic ordering and the role of the ligands in stabilizing the D-2 structure of the MnO core. Without passivation, an antiferromagnetic tower is more stable than the free D-2 Mn12O12 core, but the ligands stabilize the D-2 symmetry which leads to ferrimagnetic ordering and a net moment of 20 mu(B). Local Mn moments are presented and the electronic states most responsible for formation of the spin tunneling barrier are identified. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci 6392, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci 6392, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pederson@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 1999 VL 307 IS 3-4 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00525-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 212MR UT WOS:000081220900019 ER PT J AU Euske, KJ Riccaboni, A AF Euske, KJ Riccaboni, A TI Stability to profitability: managing interdependencies to meet a new environment SO ACCOUNTING ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIZATIONS AB Management control systems represent what is believed to be an important element in managing internal and external interdependencies. The case study we present in this paper is an attempt to provide additional information contributing to the understanding of the influences on and the roles of management control systems in managing interdependencies. The management control systems were used to deal with changes in the internal and external interdependencies in the domains of strategy and structure of the organization, the organizational field, and the state. The role of the Chief Executive Officer was a key element in both defining the internal and external interdependencies and the employment of the management control systems. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy. RP Euske, KJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0361-3682 J9 ACCOUNT ORG SOC JI Account. Organ. Soc. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 24 IS 5-6 BP 463 EP 481 DI 10.1016/S0361-3682(99)00020-3 PG 19 WC Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA 208EA UT WOS:000080976200005 ER PT J AU Hourani, LL Yuan, HX Bray, RM Vincus, AA AF Hourani, LL Yuan, HX Bray, RM Vincus, AA TI Psychosocial correlates of nicotine dependence among men and women in the US naval services SO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 125th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 09-13, 1997 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc, Natl Assoc Publ Hlth Policy, APHA, Med Care Sect DE nicotine dependence; psychosocial factors; Navy; Marine Corps ID UNITED-STATES MILITARY; YOUNG-ADULTS; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; HEALTH SURVEY; SMOKING; SMOKERS; RELIABILITY; CIGARETTES; PREVALENCE AB This study assessed the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of clinical criteria-based diagnoses of nicotine dependence in men and women in the U.S. naval services. Analyses were based on data from the 1995 Perceptions of Wellness and Readiness Assessment, a population-based self-report survey of 9,856 active-duty Navy and Marine Corps members worldwide, specifically focusing on a subsample of those who completed the telephone version of the Quick Diagnostic Interview Schedule (n = 782). Twenty-five percent of all telephone interview volunteers met diagnostic criteria for lifetime nicotine dependence, and 15% met criteria for nicotine dependence in the last year. There was no difference in nicotine dependence by job classification (traditional vs, nontraditional) among women. Women who were abused prior to entering the military were almost three times as likely to be nicotine dependent as those not abused. Men who had been exposed to combat or violence were twice as likely to be nicotine dependent as those not exposed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Div Hlth Sci, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hourani, LL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Div Hlth Sci, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 59 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4603 J9 ADDICT BEHAV JI Addict. Behav. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 24 IS 4 BP 521 EP 536 DI 10.1016/S0306-4603(98)00105-1 PG 16 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 217PY UT WOS:000081509200006 PM 10466847 ER PT J AU Clenney, TL Higgins, JC AF Clenney, TL Higgins, JC TI Vasectomy techniques SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID NO-SCALPEL VASECTOMY; MARRIED-COUPLES; STERILIZATION; CHOICE; SPERM; VAS AB Vasectomy can be performed by means of various techniques, although each vasectomy technique requires isolation and division of the vas and operative management of the vasal ends. Removal of at least 15 mm of vas is recommended, although division of the vas without removal of a segment is effective when this technique is combined with other techniques for handling the vasal ends, such as thermal luminal fulguration and proximal fascial interposition. Ligation of the ends without the aid of surgical clips may result in necrosis and sloughing of the ends, which may cause early failure. Leaving the testicular end of the vas open has been shown to be effective and to result in a lower incidence of epididymal congestion and sperm granuloma. The no-scalpel technique offers shorter operating time, less pain and swelling, and faster recovery. C1 USN Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Clenney, TL (reprint author), USN, Branch Med Clin, NAWS, 1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUL PY 1999 VL 60 IS 1 BP 137 EP + PG 12 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 215RV UT WOS:000081397400010 PM 10414634 ER PT J AU Shapiro, NL Malis, DJ Charon, CC Billman, GF Kearns, DB AF Shapiro, NL Malis, DJ Charon, CC Billman, GF Kearns, DB TI Giant juvenile xanthogranuloma of the tongue SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Juvenile xanthogranulomas (JXGs) are rare, benign, fibrohistiocytic lesions. They usually appear as one or more cutaneous papules on the head, neck, or trunk in infants. Twelve cases of oral JXGs have been reported, four of which involved the tongue. We present a 6-year-old girl with a large tongue mass diagnosed as JXG after an excisional biopsy. Histological and immunohistochemical staining results are presented. This is the first reported case of a giant oral JXG. A review of the literature on these unusual lesions is presented, along with discussion of their differential diagnosis and key aspects of the patient's evaluation, management, and pathological diagnosis. (Am J Otolaryngol 1999;20:241-244. Copyright (C) 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company). C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Div Head & Neck Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Balboa Naval Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Shapiro, NL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Div Head & Neck Surg, 62-158 CHS,10833 LeConte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0196-0709 J9 AM J OTOLARYNG JI Am. J. Otolaryngol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 20 IS 4 BP 241 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S0196-0709(99)90007-8 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 218EV UT WOS:000081541000008 PM 10442777 ER PT J AU Gramzinski, RA Obaldia, N Jones, TR Rossan, RN Collins, WE Garrett, DO Lal, AA Hoffman, SL AF Gramzinski, RA Obaldia, N Jones, TR Rossan, RN Collins, WE Garrett, DO Lal, AA Hoffman, SL TI Susceptibility of Panamanian Aotus lemurinus lemurinus to sporozoite-induced Plasmodium falciparum (Santa Lucia) infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT SERA PROTEIN; ASEXUAL BLOOD STAGES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; SYNTHETIC VACCINE; OWL MONKEYS; IMMUNIZATION; MALARIA; STRAIN; ANTIGENS; ADJUVANT AB Aotus monkeys are good models for erythrocyte-induced Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infections and have been extensively used in malarial drug and vaccine development. Recently, it has been shown that certain species of Aotus can be infected with sporozoites, and that the degree of susceptibility varies among species. We demonstrate here that Panamanian Aotus lemurinus lemurinus are susceptible to a sporozoite-induced infection, opening the possibility that this species of Aotus could be used as models for testing the efficacy of pre-erythrocytic P. falciparum vaccines and drug candidates directed at the pre-erythrocytic stages of P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria. In this species, we compared sporozoite infection rates. Two of four animals splenectomized prior to infection with sporozoites developed patent parasitemias. Seven of eight animals splenectomized either 7 or 35 days after infection became parasitemic. Additionally, we used a P. falciparum-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect the early appearance of parasitized erythrocytes in the blood prior to detection by conventional microscopy, and found that the parasitemia was detected first in five animals by the PCR method, first in three animals by blood film, with one parasitemia detected simultaneously. We also demonstrated the feasibility of infecting monkeys located in Panama with sporozoites isolated at an insectary in Atlanta, thus documenting the feasibility of similar studies where the insectary and monkey colony are not in the same location. A subsequent attempt to infect these monkeys using sporozoites was not successful, suggesting that this model of human malaria is not yet ready for routine use in vaccine or drug efficacy screening. This model merits further study because of the importance of testing pre-erythrocytic P. falciparum malaria vaccines and drugs in animals. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. ProMed Inc, Panama City, Panama. Gorgas Mem Lab, Panama City, Panama. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 12300 Washington Ave, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RI Obaldia, Nicanor/O-8460-2015; OI Obaldia, Nicanor/0000-0002-3711-9449 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 61 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 220MQ UT WOS:000081670100006 PM 10432049 ER PT J AU Bassily, S Frenck, RW Mohareb, EW Wierzba, T Savarino, S Hall, E Kotkat, A Naficy, A Hyams, KC Clemens, J AF Bassily, S Frenck, RW Mohareb, EW Wierzba, T Savarino, S Hall, E Kotkat, A Naficy, A Hyams, KC Clemens, J TI Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori among Egyptian newborns and their mothers: A preliminary report SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PEPTIC-ULCER DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; CHILDREN; ACQUISITION; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; INFANCY; COHORT AB Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common human bacterial infections in the world and children in the developing countries acquire H. pylori infection early in life. We prospectively evaluated the prevalence of serum antibodies to H. pylori in a cohort of pregnant women and their offspring. Mothers' sera were collected during the third trimester of pregnancy and sera from their offspring were collected when they were 7-9 months and 18 months of age. Pylori-Stat(TM), a commercially available ELISA kit, was used to detect antibodies to H. pylori in the serum of the subjects tested. Sera from 169 mothers were available for testing and 88% of these samples were positive for anti-H. pylori IgG. Of the 169 children tested, 13% of the infants 7-9 months of age and 25% of the children 18 months of age had serologic evidence of H. pylori infection. These data indicate that infection with N. pylori is common in Egypt and acquisition of infection occurs at a very young age. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. High Inst Publ Hlth, Alexandria, Egypt. NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Bassily, S (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452,Box 5000, Cairo, Egypt. RI Savarino, Stephen/A-8030-2011 FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y1-HD-7186-02] NR 35 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 61 IS 1 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 220MQ UT WOS:000081670100009 PM 10432052 ER PT J AU Powers, AM Mercer, DR Watts, DM Guzman, H Fulhorst, CF Popov, VL Tesh, RB AF Powers, AM Mercer, DR Watts, DM Guzman, H Fulhorst, CF Popov, VL Tesh, RB TI Isolation and genetic characterization of a hantavirus (Bunyaviridae : Hantavirus) from a rodent, Oligoryzomys microtis (Muridae), collected in northeastern Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY SYNDROME; FAMILY BUNYAVIRIDAE; SIGMODON HISPIDUS; VIRUS; ARGENTINA; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIVERSITY; INFECTION; SEROTYPE AB This payer describes the isolation and partial genetic characterization of a hantavirus front a pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys microtis, collected within the urban area of Iquitos, Loreto Department, Peru. The virus, designated HTN-007, exhibited the highest degree of genetic similarity to Rio Mamore virus, which was originally described from the same rodent species in eastern Bolivia. Comparison of small and medium segment nucleotide sequence data from HTN-007 and Rio Mamore virus revealed 87% and 85% sequence identity, respectively. Based on these analyses, HTN-007 appears to be a variant of Rio Mamore virus. As such, it represents the first successful isolation of Rio Mamore virus and the first evidence for the existence of a hantavirus in Peru. Serologic studies done by immunofluorescence on blood samples of 56 O. microtis trapped at the collection site indicated that 21.4% had antibodies to hantavirus. In view of the proximity of this rodent species to humans and the close phylogenetic relationship of Rio Mamore virus to hantaviruses that have been associated with human disease, Rio Mamore virus may be a hantavirus of some public health importance in tropical South America. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. USN, Med Res Inst Detachment, NAMRID, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. RP Tesh, RB (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-39800, AI-10984] NR 32 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 61 IS 1 BP 92 EP 98 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 220MQ UT WOS:000081670100020 PM 10432063 ER PT J AU McKeown, DA Bell, MI Etz, ES AF McKeown, DA Bell, MI Etz, ES TI Vibrational analysis of the dioctahedral mica: 2M(1) muscovite SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID RING; BENITOITE AB Raman spectra and lattice dynamics calculations are presented for the dioctahedral mica, muscovite. Calculated fundamental mode frequencies for the Raman-active and A(g) and B-g species were fit to observed fundamentals assigned to features in the two polarized Raman spectra collected, so that unambiguous vibrational assignments could be made to most peaks in the Raman data. Calculated frequencies for the IR-active A(u) and B-u modes generally fall within the frequency ranges of bands in the IR spectra for muscovite presented earlier. Factor group analysis indicates that motion from all atom types in the muscovite structure can be found in modes for all four vibrational species. Force constant values determined for muscovite are similar to equivalent values calculated for the trioctahedral mica, phlogopite. Raman and IR-active modes calculated at frequencies greater than 800 cm(-1) are dominated by internal sheet T-O stretch and T-O-T bend motions, where T is a tetrahedral site. Modes between 800 and 360 cm(-1) have internal tetrahedral sheet motions mixed with K and octahedral Al displacements. Modes at frequencies less than 360 cm(-1) have lattice and OH motions. Inter-sheet bonding in the muscovite structure is strong enough to affect modes at frequencies as high as 824 cm(-1). C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Vitreous State Lab, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Dynam Solids Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McKeown, DA (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Vitreous State Lab, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NR 12 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 15 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 84 IS 7-8 BP 1041 EP 1048 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 213FB UT WOS:000081261100006 ER PT J AU Murray, JD Bergan, JJ Riffenburgh, RH Linda, L AF Murray, JD Bergan, JJ Riffenburgh, RH Linda, L TI Development of open-scope subfascial perforating vein surgery: Lessons learned from the first 67 cases SO ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; VENOUS PERFORATOR; INTERRUPTION AB Although perforating vein surgery in treatment and prevention of venous ulcers remains controversial, minimization of the procedure has allowed its reevaluation. We have chosen to develop the technique using a single port and an open scope using a variety of mostly nondisposable instrumentation. Since our first subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgical (SEPS) procedure in July 1993, we have operated on 67 limbs in 62 patients (27 women, 35 men) ranging in age from 24 to 85 years. Using CEAP criteria, there were 16 limbs in class 4, 13 in class 5, and 38 in class 6. Preoperative investigations included duplex ultrasound in 35 cases, ascending phlebography in 29 cases, and selective use of physiologic testing with air plethysmography (APG) in 12 patients. A variety of initial explorations using different-diameter scopes has given way to single-port methodology for medial leg exploration. A mean of 3.08 perforators per patient was interrupted using electrocoagulation or metal clips and scissor division, This technique, as developed, allows same-day or short-stay (<24 hr) surgery, A vigorous program of thromboembolism prophylaxis was used in selected cases. From these 67 csaes we conclude that endoscopic perforating vein interruption provides a useful tool for the surgeon interested in treating severe chronic venous insufficiency. The open-scope, single-port technique accomplishes intervention objectives in a simplified manner. Although recurrent chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is not eliminated, its postoperative treatment is markedly eased. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Vasc Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Loma Linda, CA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Murray, JD (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Vasc Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0890-5096 J9 ANN VASC SURG JI Ann. Vasc. Surg. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 BP 372 EP 377 DI 10.1007/s100169900271 PG 6 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 213RV UT WOS:000081287800003 PM 10398733 ER PT J AU Carroll, J Boisson, F Teyssie, JL King, SE Krosshavn, M Carroll, ML Fowler, SW Povinec, PP Baxter, MS AF Carroll, J Boisson, F Teyssie, JL King, SE Krosshavn, M Carroll, ML Fowler, SW Povinec, PP Baxter, MS TI Distribution coefficients (K-d's) for use in risk assessment models of the Kara Sea SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Arctic; nuclear waste; distribution coefficients; K-d's; radionuclides; marine sediments ID AQUATIC SYSTEMS; PARTICLES; PARTITION; TRANSPORT; SEAWATER; ELEMENTS AB As a prerequisite for most evaluations of radionuclide transport pathways in marine systems, it is necessary to obtain basic information on the sorption potential of contaminants onto particulate matter. K-d values for use in modeling radionuclide dispersion in the Kara Sea have been determined as part of several international programs addressing the problem of radioactive debris residing in Arctic Seas. Field and laboratory K-d experiments were conducted for the following radionuclides associated with nuclear waste. americium, europium, plutonium, cobalt, cesium and strontium. Emphasis has been placed on two regions in the Kara Sea: (i) the Novaya Zemlya Trough (NZT) and (ii) the mixing zones of the Ob and Yenisey Rivers (RMZ). Short-term batch K-d experiments were performed at-sea on ambient water column samples and on samples prepared both at-sea and in the laboratory by mixing filtered bottom water with small amounts of surficial bottom sediments (particle concentrations in samples = 1-30 mg/l). Within both regions, K-d values for individual radionuclides vary over two to three orders of magnitude. The relative particle affinities for radionuclides in the two regions are americium congruent to europium > plutonium > cobalt > cesium > strontium. The values determined in this study agree with minimum values given in the IAEA Technical Report [IAEA, 1985, Sediment K-d's and Concentration Factors for Radionuclides in the Marine Environment. Technical Report No. 247. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.]. Given the importance of K-d's in assessments of critical transport pathways for radionuclide contaminants, we recommend that K-d ranges of values for specific elements rather than single mean values be incorporated into model simulations of radionuclide dispersion. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 IAEA Marine Environm Lab, MC-98012 Monte Carlo, Monaco. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Norwegian Def Res Estab, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway. RP Carroll, J (reprint author), Akvaplan Niva Fiolveien 15, N-9005 Tromso, Norway. OI Povinec, Pavel/0000-0003-0275-794X NR 30 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 51 IS 1 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(98)00165-1 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 198VV UT WOS:000080445700018 PM 10376324 ER PT J AU McKinlay, JR Hofmeister, E Ross, EV AF McKinlay, JR Hofmeister, E Ross, EV TI EMLA cream-induced eye injury SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ANESTHETIC CREAM C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP McKinlay, JR (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 135 IS 7 BP 855 EP 856 DI 10.1001/archderm.135.7.855 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 215QZ UT WOS:000081395200027 PM 10411170 ER PT J AU Fan, XH Strauss, MA Schneider, DP Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Yanny, B Anderson, SF Anderson, JE Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bakken, JA Bastian, S Berman, E Boroski, WN Briegel, C Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Carr, MA Colestock, PL Connolly, AJ Crocker, JH Csabai, I Czarapata, PC Davis, JE Doi, M Elms, BR Evans, ML Federwitz, GR Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gurbani, VK Harris, FH Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Holmgren, DJ Hull, C Ichikawa, SI Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Kron, RG Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Limmongkol, S Lindenmeyer, C Long, DC Loveday, J MacKinnon, B Mannery, EJ Mantsch, PM Margon, B McKay, TA Munn, JA Nash, T Newberg, HJ Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Okamura, S Ostriker, JP Owen, R Pauls, AG Peoples, J Petravick, D Pier, JR Pordes, R Prosapio, A Rechenmacher, R Richards, GT Richmond, MW Rivetta, CH Rockosi, CM Sandford, D Sergey, G Sekiguchi, M Shimasaku, K Siegmund, WA Smith, JA Stoughton, C Szalay, AS Szokoly, GP Tucker, DL Vogeley, MS Waddell, P Wang, SI Weinberg, DH Yasuda, N York, DG AF Fan, XH Strauss, MA Schneider, DP Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Yanny, B Anderson, SF Anderson, JE Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bakken, JA Bastian, S Berman, E Boroski, WN Briegel, C Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Carr, MA Colestock, PL Connolly, AJ Crocker, JH Csabai, I Czarapata, PC Davis, JE Doi, M Elms, BR Evans, ML Federwitz, GR Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gurbani, VK Harris, FH Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Holmgren, DJ Hull, C Ichikawa, SI Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Kron, RG Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Limmongkol, S Lindenmeyer, C Long, DC Loveday, J MacKinnon, B Mannery, EJ Mantsch, PM Margon, B McKay, TA Munn, JA Nash, T Newberg, HJ Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Okamura, S Ostriker, JP Owen, R Pauls, AG Peoples, J Petravick, D Pier, JR Pordes, R Prosapio, A Rechenmacher, R Richards, GT Richmond, MW Rivetta, CH Rockosi, CM Sandford, D Sergey, G Sekiguchi, M Shimasaku, K Siegmund, WA Smith, JA Stoughton, C Szalay, AS Szokoly, GP Tucker, DL Vogeley, MS Waddell, P Wang, SI Weinberg, DH Yasuda, N York, DG TI High-redshift quasars found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : general ID LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; ABSORPTION SYSTEMS; MULTICOLOR SURVEY; SPACE DENSITY; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; Z-GREATER-THAN-4; SPECTROSCOPY; GALAXIES; SPECTRA; OBJECTS AB We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of 15 high-redshift quasars (z > 3.6) discovered from similar to 140 deg(2) of five-color (u', g', r', i', and z') imaging data taken by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) during its commissioning phase. The quasars are selected by their distinctive colors in SDSS multicolor space. Four of the quasars have redshifts higher than 4.6 (z = 4.63, 4.75, 4.90, and 5.00, the latter being the highest redshift quasar yet known). In addition, two previously known z > 4 objects were recovered from the data. The quasars all have i* < 20 and have luminosities comparable to that of 3C 273. The spectra of the quasars have similar features (strong, broad emission lines and substantial absorption blueward of the Ly alpha emission line) seen in previously known high-redshift quasars. Although the photometric accuracy and image quality fail to meet the final survey requirements, our success rate for identifying high-redshift quasars (17 quasars from 27 candidates) is much higher than that of previous multicolor surveys. However, the numbers of high-redshift quasars found is in close accord with the number density inferred from previous surveys. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Chicago, Yerkes Observ, Williams Bay, WI 53191 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys & Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113003, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113003, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tanashi, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Astron, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Merrill Lynch, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 100, Japan. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Lucent Technol, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Fan, XH (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 47 TC 120 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 118 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1086/300944 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 223WF UT WOS:000081864000001 ER PT J AU Hartkopf, WI Mason, BD Gies, DR ten Brummelaar, T McAlister, HA Moffat, AFJ Shara, MM Wallace, DJ AF Hartkopf, WI Mason, BD Gies, DR ten Brummelaar, T McAlister, HA Moffat, AFJ Shara, MM Wallace, DJ TI ICCD speckle observations of binary stars. XXII. A survey of Wolf-Rayet stars for close visual companions SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; binaries : spectroscopic; binaries : visual; stars : individual (WR 48=theta Muscae); stars : Wolf-Rayet ID EZ-CANIS-MAJORIS; POLARIZATION VARIABILITY; ABSORPTION-LINES; SPECTROSCOPIC MICROSCOPE; GAMMA(2) VELORUM; WIND COLLISION; V444 CYGNI; CQ CEPHEI; PHOTOMETRY; DUPLICITY AB We present the results of a speckle interferometric survey for close visual companions, mainly among 29 of the apparently brightest Wolf-Rayet (W-R) stars. Only one target, WR 48 = theta Mus, was resolved as a close astrometric binary (with a separation of 46 +/- 9 mas). This system is probably a triple comprising a short-period W-R binary plus a distant O supergiant companion. Although our binary detection fraction is low, it is not an unexpected result given the selection effects that militate against easy detection of binaries. New, higher resolution observations will almost certainly increase the fraction of binaries. There are four known binaries among the six W-R stars in our sample that have nonthermal radio emission, and this connection supports the idea that the nonthermal emission originates in the wind-wind collision between components. C1 Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Hartkopf, WI (reprint author), USN Observ, Dept Astron, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 91 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 118 IS 1 BP 509 EP 514 DI 10.1086/300943 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 223WF UT WOS:000081864000035 ER PT J AU Stone, RC McDonald, SW Elliot, JL AF Stone, RC McDonald, SW Elliot, JL TI 5145 pholus stellar occultation candidates: 1999-2005 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; occultations ID REFERENCE-FRAME; 5145-PHOLUS; CHIRON; 2060-CHIRON; PHOTOMETRY; NUCLEUS; CATALOG AB In search of stellar occultation candidates, the Flagstaff Automatic Scanning Transit Telescope (FASTT) was used to scan the sky through which the Centaur 5145 Pholus will pass during the period 1999-2005. Positions for 98,602 stars (7.0 < V < 17.7) were determined using differential reductions and the ACT catalog of star positions and proper motions, and accuracies of +/-20 mas in each coordinate were achieved, except for the faintest stars observed. During the period of our search, Pholus passes within 1 ".5 of 100 of these stars, which have been identified as occultation candidates in this paper. Circumstances for the possible occultations are given, including finder charts for the 15 brightest stars. Since the radius of Pholus subtends approximately 10 mas, considerable astrometric effort will be required near the time of a potential event to determine whether it will result in an observable occultation. A stellar occultation observed from multiple sites can be used to determine the precise radius and albedo for this object. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Stone, RC (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 118 IS 1 BP 591 EP 599 DI 10.1086/300932 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 223WF UT WOS:000081864000043 ER PT J AU Brandt, JE Bartholomew, AM Fortman, JD Nelson, MC Bruno, E Chen, LM Turian, JV Davis, TA Chute, JP Hoffman, R AF Brandt, JE Bartholomew, AM Fortman, JD Nelson, MC Bruno, E Chen, LM Turian, JV Davis, TA Chute, JP Hoffman, R TI Ex vivo expansion of autologous bone marrow CD34(+) cells with porcine microvascular endothelial cells results in a graft capable of rescuing lethally irradiated baboons SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; BLOOD PROGENITOR CELLS; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; IMMUNE-DEFICIENT MICE; IN-VITRO EXPANSION; REPOPULATING ABILITY; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; SHORT-TERM; ENGRAFTMENT; CULTURE AB Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal in vitro has been reported to result in a diminished proliferative capacity or acquisition of a homing defect that might compromise marrow repopulation. Our group has demonstrated that human HSC expanded ex vivo in the presence of porcine microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC) retain the capacity to competitively repopulate human bone fragments implanted in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. To further test the marrow repopulating capacity of expanded stem cells, our laboratory has established a myeloablative, fractionated total body irradiation conditioning protocol for autologous marrow transplantation in baboons. A control animal, which received no transplant, as well as two animals, which received a suboptimal number of marrow mononuclear cells, died 37, 43, and 59 days postirradiation, respectively. Immunomagnetically selected CD34(+) marrow cells from two baboons were placed in PMVEC coculture with exogenous human cytokines. After 10 days of expansion, the grafts represented a 14-fold to 22-fold increase in cell number, a 4-fold to 5-fold expansion of CD34(+) cells, a 3-fold to 4-fold increase of colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), and a 12-fold to 17-fold increase of cobblestone area-forming cells (CAFC) over input. Both baboons became transfusion independent by day 23 posttransplant and achieved absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >500/mu L by day 25 +/- 1 and platelets >20,000/mu L by day 29 +/- 2, This hematopoietic recovery was delayed in comparison to two animals that received either a graft consisting of freshly isolated, unexpanded CD34(+) cells or 175 x 10(6)/kg unfractionated marrow mononuclear cells. Analysis of the proliferative status of cells in PMVEC expansion cultures demonstrated that by 10 days, 99.8% of CD34(+) cells present in the cultures had undergone cycling, and that the population of cells expressing a CD34(+) CD38(-) phenotype in the cultures was also the result of active cell division. These data indicate that isolated bone marrow CD34(+) cells may undergo cell division during ex vivo expansion in the presence of endothelial cells to provide a graft capable of rescuing a myeloablated autologous host. (C) 1999 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Med, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Radiat Oncol, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Biol Resources Lab, Chicago, IL USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Hoffman, R (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sect Hematol Oncol M C 734, 900 S Ashland Ave, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 39 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JUL 1 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 1 BP 106 EP 113 PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 212CF UT WOS:000081198200013 PM 10381503 ER PT J AU Johnson, DR Perry, JM AF Johnson, DR Perry, JM TI Blue crab larval dispersion and retention in the Mississippi Bight SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS RATHBUN; MIDDLE-ATLANTIC-BIGHT; CHESAPEAKE BAY; PORTUNID CRAB; EASTERN GULF; RECRUITMENT; TRANSPORT; MEGALOPAE; WATERS; CIRCULATION AB A conceptual hypothesis relating physical forcing to dispersion and retention was developed for blue crab larvae within the Mississippi Eight. The spawning period for blue crabs in the northern Gulf of Mexico is protracted. Hatching of eggs occurs near the barrier islands and mouths of coastal bays from March through October. Larvae are released on ebbing tides and spend the next 30 to 50 d offshore where they develop through seven zoeal stages before undergoing metamorphosis to megalopae. Duration of the megalopal stage is variable but generally persists from 6 to 20 d. Blue crabs recruit to Gulf estuaries as megalopae. During the critical planktonic phase in their life history, larvae are subject to the vagaries of seasonal circulation patterns which can either return them to nearshore where they can successfully settle, or lose them at sea. Archived currents from a 3-dimensional, primitive equation, sigma-coordinate model of the Gulf of Mexico, driven by climatological winds and damped to surface salinity and temperature, were used to study advection of blue crab larvae in the Mississippi Eight. Data suggest that seasonal circulation patterns driven by average wind stress provide a window of opportunity for blue crab larval dispersion offshore and return nearshore during the appropriate period in their development for settlement as megalopae. in the Mississippi Eight, this window usually occurs between April and October. Large basin-scale events, such as Loop Current intrusions and spin-off eddy generation, may interrupt this circulation pattern and change the settlement success rate. Variations in the seasonal forcing, due to anomalous winds, or basin-scale events may contribute to fluctuations in levels of harvestable adult blue crabs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Inst Marine Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. RP Johnson, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Div, Code 7332, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 65 IS 1 BP 129 EP 149 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 216BJ UT WOS:000081420400009 ER PT J AU Langland, RH Toth, Z Gelaro, R Szunyogh, I Shapiro, MA Majumdar, SJ Morss, RE Rohaly, GD Velden, C Bond, N Bishop, CH AF Langland, RH Toth, Z Gelaro, R Szunyogh, I Shapiro, MA Majumdar, SJ Morss, RE Rohaly, GD Velden, C Bond, N Bishop, CH TI The North Pacific Experiment (NORPEX-98): Targeted observations for improved North American weather forecasts SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SINGULAR VECTORS; ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; INITIAL CONDITIONS; SENSITIVITY; ENSEMBLE; IMPACT; SYSTEM; ERRORS; NCEP; FASTEX AB The objectives and preliminary results of an interagency field program, the North Pacific Experiment (NORPEX), which took place between 14 January and 27 February 1998, are described. NORPEX represents an effort to directly address the issue of observational sparsity over the North Pacific basin, which is a major contributing factor in short-range (less than 4 days) forecast failures for land-falling Pacific winter-season storms that affect the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The special observations collected in NORPEX include approximately 700 targeted tropospheric soundings of temperature, wind, and moisture from Global Positioning System (GPS) dropsondes obtained in 38 storm reconnaissance missions using aircraft based primarily in Hawaii and Alaska. In addition, wind data were provided every 6 h over the entire North Pacific during NORPEX, using advanced and experimental techniques to extract information from multispectral geostationary satellite imagery. Preliminary results of NORPEX data impact studies using the U.S. Navy and National Weather Service forecast models include reductions of approximately 10% in mean 2-day forecast error over western North America (30 degrees-60 degrees N, 100 degrees-130 degrees W) from assimilation of targeted dropsonde and satellite wind data (when measured against control forecasts that contain no special NORPEX observations). There are local reductions of up to 50% in 2-day forecast error for individual cases, although some forecasts are degraded by the addition of the special dropsonde or satellite wind data. In most cases, the positive impact of the targeted dropsonde data on short-range forecast skill is reduced when the full set of advanced satellite wind data is already included in the model analyses. The NORPEX dataset is being used in research to improve objective methods for targeting observations, to study the "mix" of in situ and space-based observations, and to understand the structure and dynamics of fast-growing errors that Limit our ability to provide more accurate forecasts of Pacific winter storms. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA. Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Langland, RH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Szunyogh, Istvan/G-9248-2012; Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 NR 41 TC 117 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 80 IS 7 BP 1363 EP 1384 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<1363:TNPENT>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 221LG UT WOS:000081728100003 ER PT J AU Strohkendl, FP Axenson, TJ Larsen, RJ Dalton, LR Hellwarth, RW Kafafi, ZH AF Strohkendl, FP Axenson, TJ Larsen, RJ Dalton, LR Hellwarth, RW Kafafi, ZH TI Nonlinear optical spectra of C-70 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA; C-60; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRANSITIONS; ABSORPTION; FULLERENES; DISPERSION; PULSES AB We employ a continuously tunable 100 fs pulse source to measure the time-resolved degenerate four-wave-mixing (DFWM) spectrum of an amorphous C-70 film. The observed nonlinear optical response is essentially instantaneous and electronic in origin. We deduce the complex third-order nonlinear-optical susceptibility tensor function chi(1111)(-omega,omega,omega,-omega) throughout the wavelength range 0.74-1.6 mu m. We find two-photon resonances with excited-state energies of 2.41 +/- 0.05 and 2.61 +/- 0.05 eV close to the 2. eV two-photon resonance of C-60. The two-photon absorption coefficient at the resonance maximum is 20 +/- 8 cm/GW, as large as that of C-60. Our amplitude and phase data indicate that we have reached the long-wavelength limit, chi(1111)(LWL), of chi(1111). We find it to be (4.5 +/- 0.5) x 10(2) times that of fused silica and 1.9 +/- 0.6 times that of C-60. This result implies chi(1111)(LWL) = (1.8 +/- 0.2) x 10(-12) esu, a value that is consistent with the theoretical prediction of Shuai and Bredas. We use linear-absorption and DFWM data to construct an analytic expression for chi(1111)[-(omega(3) + omega(2) + omega(1)),omega(3),omega(2),omega(1)] which, we believe, predicts any nonlinear optical effect within the range (h) over bar omega(i) > 0.6 eV (i = 1, 2, or 3) and (h) over bar(omega(3) + omega(2) + omega(1)) < 2.8 eV. We find that for omega near the lowest three-photon resonance, the magnitude and phase of chi(1111) behave like that of a two-level atom with a matrix element obtained from the observed one-photon oscillator strength. This explains the observed change in sign of Re[chi(1111)(-3 omega, omega, omega, omega)] from positive to negative for decreasing omega near (h) over bar omega = 0.8 eV. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Strohkendl, FP (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1999 VL 245 IS 1-3 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1016/S0301-0104(99)00066-X PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 229WP UT WOS:000082219000023 ER PT J AU Purdy, AP AF Purdy, AP TI Ammonothermal synthesis of cubic gallium nitride SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GROUP-III NITRIDES; GAN; GROWTH; PRECURSOR; CHEMISTRY; ROUTE AB Cubic gallium nitride(zincblende type) was Chem. formed by reactions of Ga, gallium iodides, and gallium imide-iodides in supercritical ammonia under acidic conditions above 250 degrees C. Solvothermal transport and recrystallization of c-GaN occurred above 440 degrees C. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Purdy, AP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 11 IS 7 BP 1648 EP + DI 10.1021/cm9901111 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 219VA UT WOS:000081626800003 ER PT J AU Nichols, TM AF Nichols, TM TI CNN's "Cold War" SO COMMENTARY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Nichols, TM (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER JEWISH COMMITTEE PI NEW YORK PA 165 E 56TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 0010-2601 J9 COMMENTARY JI Commentary PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 108 IS 1 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA 210EG UT WOS:000081091700005 ER PT J AU Squadrito, M Esibov, L DiPippo, LC Wolfe, VF Cooper, G Thurasingham, B Krupp, P Milligan, M Johnston, R Bethmangalkar, R AF Squadrito, M Esibov, L DiPippo, LC Wolfe, VF Cooper, G Thurasingham, B Krupp, P Milligan, M Johnston, R Bethmangalkar, R TI The affected set priority ceiling protocols for real-time object-oriented concurrency control SO COMPUTER SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE concurrency control protocols; real-time object-orientation; deadlock prevention AB This paper presents two concurrency control protocols for real-time object-oriented systems. One of the protocols (Affected Set Priority Ceiling Protocol) is designed for single-node systems, and the other (Distributed Affected Set Priorityt Ceiling Protocol) is designed for distributed systems. Both protocols combine features of semantic concurrency control for added concurrency, with priority ceiling techniques for deadlock prevention and bounding priority inversion. This paper demonstrates the properties of increased concurrency, deadlock prevention, and bounded priority inversion of both protocols. It also describes, for each of the new protocols, an implementation that demonstrates its usefulness in real-time object-oriented systems. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Comp Sci, Kingston, RI 02882 USA. Mitre Corp, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. USN, NRaD, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. TriPacific Software, Alameda, CA USA. RP Squadrito, M (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Comp Sci, Tyler Hall, Kingston, RI 02882 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C R L PUBLISHING LTD PI MARKET HARBOROUGH PA PO BOX 31, MARKET HARBOROUGH, LEICS, ENGLAND LE16 9RQ SN 0267-6192 J9 COMPUT SYST SCI ENG JI Comput. Syst. Sci. Eng. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 14 IS 4 BP 227 EP 239 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 218RL UT WOS:000081565400005 ER PT J AU Kuo, HC Leou, TM Williams, RT AF Kuo, HC Leou, TM Williams, RT TI A study on the high-order Smolarkiewicz methods SO COMPUTERS & FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID ADVECTION TRANSPORT ALGORITHM; SHAPE-PRESERVING INTERPOLATION; SEMI-LAGRANGIAN ADVECTION; FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT; SMALL IMPLICIT DIFFUSION; SCHEME AB A modified Smolarkiewicz positive definite scheme is proposed. The computational cost of the proposed scheme is exactly the same as the high-order (third-order accurate) Smolarkiewicz method. We test numerically the convergence rate, stability, accuracy, peak value maintenance and mass loss for the method. Comparative studies of the modified scheme with other positive definite schemes, the fourth-order finite difference and the semi-Lagrangian method are performed, It is found that the modified scheme provides an error convergence rate which is comparable to both the semi-Lagrangian and fourth-order finite difference schemes. When the advective field is smooth enough, the modified scheme yields improved fourth-order accuracy in the low Courant number situation. When the Courant number is larger than 0.5, the modified procedure yields the same result as the third-order Smolarkiewicz scheme. Other advection calculations with a slotted cylinder yield results which compare favorably with the results of the high-order (third-order accurate) Smolarkiewicz method and the semi-Lagrangian method. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Cent Weather Bur, Ctr Comp, Taipei, Taiwan. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd,Bldg 235,Rm 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI KUO, HUNG-CHI/0000-0001-9102-5104 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7930 EI 1879-0747 J9 COMPUT FLUIDS JI Comput. Fluids PD JUL PY 1999 VL 28 IS 6 BP 779 EP 799 DI 10.1016/S0045-7930(98)00036-X PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA 191UQ UT WOS:000080040300002 ER PT J AU Giraldo, FX Neta, B AF Giraldo, FX Neta, B TI Stability analysis for Eulerian and semi-Lagrangian finite-element formulation of the advection-diffusion equation SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE finite elements; semi-Lagrangian; advection-diffusion; stability; amplification; dispersion; group velocity; bicubic spline ID INTERPOLATION; INTEGRATION; UPSTREAM; SCHEMES AB This paper analyzes the stability of the finite-element approximation to the linearized two-dimensional advection-diffusion equation. Bilinear basis functions on rectangular elements are considered. This is one of the two best schemes as was shown by Neta and Williams [1]. Time is discretized with the theta algorithms that yield the explicit (theta = 0), semi-implicit (theta = 1/2), and implicit (theta = 1) methods. This paper extends the results of Neta and Williams [1] for the advection equation. Giraldo and Neta [2] have numerically compared the Eulerian and semi-Lagrangian finite-element approximation for the advection-diffusion equation. This paper analyzes the finite element schemes used there. The stability analysis shows that the semi-Lagrangian method is unconditionally stable for all values of a while the Eulerian method is only unconditionally stable for 1/2 < theta < 1. This analysis also shows that the best methods are the semi-implicit ones (theta = 1/2). In essence this paper analytically compares a semi-implicit Eulerian method with a semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian method. It is concluded that (for small or no diffusion) the semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian method exhibits better amplitude, dispersion and group velocity errors than the semi-implicit Eulerian method thereby achieving better results. In the case the diffusion coefficient is large, the semi-Lagrangian loses its competitiveness. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Code MA-Nd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 38 IS 2 BP 97 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0898-1221(99)00185-6 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 212WQ UT WOS:000081241000010 ER PT J AU Sajben, FP Schoelch, SB Barnette, DJ AF Sajben, FP Schoelch, SB Barnette, DJ TI Fluoroscopic-induced radiation dermatitis SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID RADIODERMATITIS AB A case of radiation dermatitis following fluoroscopy is described. Radiation dermatitis occurs rarely after fluoroscopic procedures and may pose a diagnostic challenge. Many patients do not consider fluoroscopy to be a source of radiation exposure, and clinicians may be confused by its unusual presentation. C1 USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Clin Res, Med Editing Div, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Sajben, FP (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Clin Res, Med Editing Div, Code AVA,34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUL PY 1999 VL 64 IS 1 BP 57 EP 59 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 217FE UT WOS:000081488700012 PM 10431676 ER PT J AU Kenyon, NS Fernandez, LA Lehmann, R Masetti, M Ranuncoli, A Chatzipetrou, M Iaria, G Han, DM Wagner, JL Ruiz, P Berho, M Inverardi, L Alejandro, R Mintz, DH Kirk, AD Harlan, DM Burkly, LC Ricordi, C AF Kenyon, NS Fernandez, LA Lehmann, R Masetti, M Ranuncoli, A Chatzipetrou, M Iaria, G Han, DM Wagner, JL Ruiz, P Berho, M Inverardi, L Alejandro, R Mintz, DH Kirk, AD Harlan, DM Burkly, LC Ricordi, C TI Long-term survival and function of intrahepatic islet allografts in baboons treated with humanized anti-CD154 SO DIABETES LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; CD40-CD40 LIGAND INTERACTION; CD40 LIGAND; INSULIN INDEPENDENCE; ANTIBODY TREATMENT; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; PANCREATIC-ISLETS; DENDRITIC CELL; HOST DISEASE; TRANSPLANTATION AB Clinical islet cell transplantation has resulted in insulin independence in a limited number of cases. Rejection, recurrence of autoimmunity, and impairment of normal islet function by conventional immunosuppressive drugs, e.g., steroids, tacrolimus, and cyclosporin A, may all contribute to islet allograft loss. Furthermore, intraportal infusion of allogeneic islets results in the activation of intrahepatic macrophages and endothelial cells, followed by production of proinflammatory mediators that can contribute to islet primary nonfunction. We reasoned that the beneficial effects of anti-CD154 treatment on autoimmunity, alloreactivity, and proinflammatory events mediated by macrophages and endothelial cells made it an ideal agent for the prevention of islet allograft failure. In this study, a nonhuman primate model (Papio hamadryas) was used to assess the effect of humanized anti-CD154 (hu5c8) on allogeneic islet engraftment and function. Nonimmunosuppressed and tacrolimus-treated recipients were insulin independent posttransplant, but rejected their islet allografts in 8 days. Engraftment and insulin independence were achieved in seven of seven baboon recipients of anti-CD154 induction therapy administered on days -1, 3, and 10 relative to the islet transplant. Three of three baboons treated with 20 mg/kg anti-CD154 induction therapy experienced delayed rejection episodes, first detected by elevations in postprandial blood glucose levels, on postoperative day (POD) 31 for one and on POD 58 for the other two. Re-treatment with three doses of anti-CD154 resulted in reversal of rejection in all three animals and in a return to normoglycemia and insulin independence in two of three baboons. It was possible to reverse multiple episodes of rejection with this approach. A loss of functional islet mass, as detected by reduced first-phase insulin release in response to intravenous glucose tolerance testing, was observed after each episode of rejection. One of two baboons treated with 10 mg/kg induction therapy became insulin independent posttransplant but rejected the islet graft on POD 10; the other animal experienced a reversible rejection episode on POD 58 and remained insulin independent and normoglycemic until POD 264. Two additional baboon recipients of allogeneic islets and donor bone marrow (infused on PODs 5 and 11) were treated with induction therapy (PODs -1, 3, 10), followed by initiation of monthly maintenance therapy (for a period of 6 months) on POD 28. Rejection-free graft survival and insulin independence was maintained for 114 and 238 days, with preservation of functional islet mass observed in the absence of rejection. Prevention and reversal of rejection, in the absence of the deleterious effects associated With the use of conventional immunosuppressive drugs, make anti-CD154 a unique agent for further study-in islet cell transplantation. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Diabet Res Inst, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Div Vet Resources, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Immunol & Microbiol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Miami VA Med Ctr, Miami, FL USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Kenyon, NS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Diabet Res Inst, 1450 NW 10th Ave R-134, Miami, FL 33136 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012; Lehmann, Roger/B-9120-2015; OI Lehmann, Roger/0000-0002-3681-4431; Ricordi, Camillo/0000-0001-8092-7153 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK25802 17, R01 DK51703 01A1] NR 54 TC 157 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD JUL PY 1999 VL 48 IS 7 BP 1473 EP 1481 DI 10.2337/diabetes.48.7.1473 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 208YD UT WOS:000081019300020 PM 10389857 ER PT J AU Warn-Varnas, A Sellschopp, J Haley, PJ Leslie, WG Lozano, CJ AF Warn-Varnas, A Sellschopp, J Haley, PJ Leslie, WG Lozano, CJ TI Strait of Sicily water masses SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium in Honor of Professor Robinson, at the AGU/ASLO Ocean Sciences Meeting CY FEB, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE water mass model; salinity distributions; Strait of Sicily ID IONIAN SEA; CIRCULATION AB We have derived a water mass model for the Strait of Sicily, based on 1994 and 1995 cruise data. The model consists of seven water masses, suggested by the measured shapes of the vertical temperature and salinity distributions. The core of the Atlantic water is distributed below the surface as a shallow layer, in a depth range of 40 to 100 m, with a salinity minimum. It is capped by upper and surface layers above and a mixed region below. At the bottom, Levantine water is present with a transition region above. Between the mixed and transition region there is, on occasion, a fresher water layer. The structure and statistics of water masses is analyzed over the Strait of Sicily region in terms of their temperature, salinity, and depth values, Objective analysis of the temperature, salinity, and depth parameters is performed in latitude and longitude. The water masses are tracked in terms of their parameter signatures. Changes in temperature and salinity distributions are interpreted. 2-D ellipses that represent the water masses, in terms of means and standard deviation, are derived in a space of temperature, salinity, and depth. Their awes are the standard deviations of parameter space ranges. The areas of the ellipses are compared against the temperature and salinity data distribution. The water mass composition ratios are computed and analyzed. Hypotheses and mechanisms for the origin and mixing of water masses are suggested. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. SACLANT Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. Harvard Univ, Div Appl Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Warn-Varnas, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD JUL PY 1999 VL 29 IS 2-4 BP 437 EP 469 DI 10.1016/S0377-0265(99)00014-7 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 233VQ UT WOS:000082448200013 ER PT J AU Fryauff, DJ Krippner, R Prodjodipuro, P Ewald, C Kawengian, S Pegelow, K Yun, T von Heydwolff-Wehnert, C Oyofo, B Gross, R AF Fryauff, DJ Krippner, R Prodjodipuro, P Ewald, C Kawengian, S Pegelow, K Yun, T von Heydwolff-Wehnert, C Oyofo, B Gross, R TI Cyclospora cayetanensis among expatriate and indigenous populations of West Java, Indonesia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; DIARRHEA AB From January 1995 through July 1998, we investigated the occurrence of Cyclospora cayetanensis infection associated with gastrointestinal illness or diarrhea in foreign residents and natives of West Java, Indonesia. We found that C. cayetanensis was the main protozoal cause of gastrointestinal illness and diarrhea in adult foreign residents during the wet season. The parasite rarely caused illness in the indigenous population or in children. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Embassy Fed Republ Germany, Jakarta, Indonesia. Univ Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. SEAMEO, TROPMED, Reg Ctr Community Nutr, Jakarta, Indonesia. Embassy US Amer, Jakarta, Indonesia. Deutsch Gesell Tech Zusammenarbeit GMBH, Eschborn, Germany. RP Fryauff, DJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Box 3, APO, AP 96520 USA. NR 6 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 5 IS 4 BP 585 EP 588 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 225WE UT WOS:000081988300026 PM 10458970 ER PT J AU Medin, JA Brandt, JE Rosler, E Li, C Kelley, L Chute, J Hoffman, R AF Medin, JA Brandt, JE Rosler, E Li, C Kelley, L Chute, J Hoffman, R TI Expansion of genetically modified human CD34(+) cells with maintenance of phenotype and extended expression of the transgene. SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 27 IS 7 SU 1 MA 102 BP 62 EP 62 PG 1 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 209CM UT WOS:000081030100103 ER PT J AU Jawien, W Wells, M Perfetto, S Smoot, D Clark, W Saini, A Harlan, D Davis, TA Chute, JP AF Jawien, W Wells, M Perfetto, S Smoot, D Clark, W Saini, A Harlan, D Davis, TA Chute, JP TI Human CD34(+)CD38(-) hematopoietic cells require CD34(+)CD38(-) accessory cells to undergo expansion on porcine endothelial cell monolayers SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Inst Med Res, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 27 IS 7 SU 1 MA 267 BP 107 EP 107 PG 1 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 209CM UT WOS:000081030100269 ER PT J AU Manheimer, W AF Manheimer, W TI Back to the future: The historical, scientific naval, and environmental case for fission fusion SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL MAGNETIC SHEAR; DIII-D TOKAMAK; TEST REACTOR; ENERGY CONFINEMENT; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; DISCHARGES; INSTITUTE; STABILITY; PLASMAS; PHYSICS AB A return to fission fusion, and especially the development of the thorium cycle, is proposed as a means to revitalize magnetic fusion research. Recent history is analyzed, causes are sought for the current state of fusion research, and possibilities for how its prospects can be improved are examined. Recent tokamak results are also analyzed, and the conclusion is reached that a research tokamak reactor could now be built that could generate significant amounts of nuclear fuel. Finally, possible Naval involvement and environmental issues are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Manheimer, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6707, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 68 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 209EF UT WOS:000081034700001 ER PT J AU Johnston, MH Schoenfeld, P Mysore, JV Dubois, A AF Johnston, MH Schoenfeld, P Mysore, JV Dubois, A TI Endoscopic spray cryotherapy: a new technique for mucosal ablation in the esophagus SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY NOV 03-04, 1997 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol ID BARRETTS-ESOPHAGUS; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; SPECIALIZED MUCOSA; ACID SUPPRESSION; LASER-ABLATION; CRYOSURGERY; DYSPLASIA; REDUCTION; CANCER AB Background: A simple and safe method for controlled ablation of esophageal mucosa is not currently available. Therefore, an endoscopic cryotherapy device was developed and its efficacy and safety were assessed in a swine model. Methods: The device consists of a cryogenic system that delivers cold nitrogen gas via a catheter introduced into the esophagus through the accessory channel of an upper GI endoscope. Esophagoscopy was performed in 20 swine under conscious sedation, and cold nitrogen gas was sprayed on the distal 2 to 3 cm of the esophagus under direct visualization. Results: Freezing of the esophageal mucosa was evidenced by the appearance of a white "cryoburn" with sharply demarcated margins. Hemicircumferential to circumferential freezing of the distal esophagus was achieved in 20 swine by varying the duration of cryoburn from 10 to 60 seconds. Mucosal ablation was noted 2 to 7 days after treatment in 95% of the swine. complications included 3 esophageal strictures and 1 aspiration pneumonia. Conclusions: Cryotherapy performed by spraying liquid nitrogen at upper GI endoscopy is a simple technique capable of inducing controlled superficial mucosal necrosis with complete healing in the esophagus. This method warrants further evaluation as a treatment for esophageal lesions Including Barrett's esophagus. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Johnston, MH (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 22 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 50 IS 1 BP 86 EP 92 DI 10.1016/S0016-5107(99)70352-4 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 213TF UT WOS:000081288800019 ER PT J AU Summers, ME Siskind, DE AF Summers, ME Siskind, DE TI Surface recombination of O and H-2 on meteoric dust as a source of mesospheric water vapor SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; COSMIC DUST; H2O AB One of the most provocative recent developments in mesospheric science is the discovery of a narrow layer of water vapor located near 70 km altitude where the H2O mixing ratio reaches the highest values observed in the middle atmosphere [Summers et al., 1997a]. This layer can only be explained by a local source of H2O, which is contrary to conventional gas phase chemistry that predicts net H2O destruction in that part of the mesosphere. Although suggestions have been made that this layer is produced by an influx of small comets releasing water in the upper atmosphere, we propose that the reaction O + H-2 --> H2O on the surface of meteoric dust can account for the observed H2O layer. Using a chemical-transport model we find that the inclusion of this reaction with a reaction probability of similar to 0.01 yields a model H2O layer with the observed characteristics. We suggest that the key to understanding the origin of the H2O layer lies in coincident observations of mesospheric H-2 and H2O. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Summers, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Div Space Sci, Code 7641, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 13 BP 1837 EP 1840 DI 10.1029/1999GL900430 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 213TU UT WOS:000081290000014 ER PT J AU Wood, WT AF Wood, WT TI Simultaneous deconvolution and wavelet inversion as a global optimization SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FORM INVERSION AB Estimates of the source wavelet and band-limited earth reflectivity are obtained simultaneously from an optimization of deconvolution outputs, similar to minimum-entropy deconvolution (MED). The only inputs required beyond the observed seismogram are wavelet length and an inversion parameter (cooling rate), The objective function to be minimized is a measure of the spikiness of the deconvolved seismogram. I assume that the wavelet whose deconvolution from the data results in the most spike-like trace is the best wavelet estimate. Because this is a highly nonlinear problem, simulated annealing is used to solve it. The procedure yields excellent results on synthetic data and disparate field data sets, is robust in the presence of noise, and is fast enough to operate in a desktop computer environment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wood, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7432, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1108 EP 1115 DI 10.1190/1.1444617 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 232CK UT WOS:000082348000010 ER PT J AU Song, G Longman, RW Mukherjee, R AF Song, G Longman, RW Mukherjee, R TI Integrated sliding-mode adaptive-robust control SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-CONTROL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ROBOTIC MANIPULATORS; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS AB An integrated adaptive-robust control methodology based on the sliding mode is developed for the control of nonlinear uncertain systems. The new approach possesses the advantages of both adaptive control and robust central, and eliminates the disadvantages of each. It has the ability to learn like an adaptive controller and the ability to handle various uncertainties and reject disturbances like a robust controller. When compared with pure adaptive control, the approach used improves the transient performance, and when compared with pure robust control, it reduces the conservatism of the design. Furthermore, it guarantees the global asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system. The paper presents the methodology and illustrates the approach using a simple 1-DOF robot in the vertical plane under gravity. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Song, G (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RI Mukherjee, Ranjan/A-7518-2009 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2379 J9 IEE P-CONTR THEOR AP JI IEE Proc.-Control Theory Appl. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 146 IS 4 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1049/ip-cta:19990435 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 232EV UT WOS:000082358000008 ER PT J AU Cohen, P McGee, D Oviatt, S Wu, LZ Clow, J King, R Julier, S Rosenblum, L AF Cohen, P McGee, D Oviatt, S Wu, LZ Clow, J King, R Julier, S Rosenblum, L TI Multimodal interaction for 2D and 3D environments SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oregon Grad Inst Sci & Technol, Portland, OR 97291 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oregon Grad Inst Sci & Technol, Portland, OR 97291 USA. NR 5 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 EI 1558-1756 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 19 IS 4 BP 10 EP 13 DI 10.1109/38.773958 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 208UQ UT WOS:000081010600003 ER PT J AU Rommel, SL Dillon, TE Berger, PR Thompson, PE Hobart, KD Lake, R Seabaugh, AC AF Rommel, SL Dillon, TE Berger, PR Thompson, PE Hobart, KD Lake, R Seabaugh, AC TI Epitaxially grown Si resonant interband tunnel diodes exhibiting high current densities SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CMOS compatability; molecular beam epitaxy; negative differential resistance; rapid thermal annealing; resonant interband tunneling diodes; silicon ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; TEMPERATURE AB This study presents the room-temperature operation of delta-doped Si resonant interband tunneling diodes which were fabricated by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy, Post growth rapid thermal annealing of the samples was found to improve the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. Optimal performance was observed for a 600 degrees C 1 min anneal, yielding a peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) as high as 1.38 with a peak current density (J(p)) as high as 1.42 kA/cm(2) for a device with a 4-nm intrinsic Si tunnel barrier. When the tunnel barrier was reduced to 2 nm, a PVCR of 1.41 with a J(p) as high as 10.8 kA/cm(2) was observed. The devices withstood a series of burn-in measurements without noticeable degradation in either the J(p) or PVCR, The structures presented are strain-free, and are compatible with a standard CMOS or HBT process. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Raytheon Syst Co, Appl Res Lab, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. RP Rommel, SL (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Seabaugh, Alan/I-4473-2012; Rommel, Sean/F-9654-2013; Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Seabaugh, Alan/0000-0001-6907-4129; Rommel, Sean/0000-0001-5996-0813; Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 20 IS 7 BP 329 EP 331 DI 10.1109/55.772366 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 211FZ UT WOS:000081151400006 ER PT J AU Corson, MS Macker, JP Cirincione, GH AF Corson, MS Macker, JP Cirincione, GH TI Internet-based mobile ad hoc networking SO IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING LA English DT Article AB Internet-based mobile ad hoc networking is an emerging technology that supports self-organizing, mobile networking infrastructures. The technology enables an autonomous system of mobile nodes, which can operate in isolation or be connected to the greater Internet. Mobile ad hoc networks (Manets) are designed to operate in widely varying environments, from forward-deployed military Manets with hundreds of nodes per mobile domain to applications of low-power sensor networks and other embedded systems. Before Manet technology can be easily deployed, however, improvements must be made in such areas as high-capacity wireless technologies, address and location management, interoperability and security. The authors give an overview of Manet technology and current IETF efforts reward producing routing and interface definition standards that support it within the IP suite. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Corson, MS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI WANG, HUAN/A-1155-2009 NR 5 TC 48 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1089-7801 J9 IEEE INTERNET COMPUT JI IEEE Internet Comput. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 3 IS 4 BP 63 EP + DI 10.1109/4236.780962 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 222AY UT WOS:000081761100015 ER PT J AU Yang, TC Yoo, K AF Yang, TC Yoo, K TI Internal wave spectrum in shallow water: Measurement and comparison with the Garrett-Munk model SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE empirical orthogonal functions; internal waves; mode decomposition analysis ID ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION; FIELD AB The covariance matrix of sound-speed variations is determined from yo-yo CTD data collected during the SWARM 95 experiment at a fixed station. The data covered approximately 2 h and were collected during a period when nonlinear solitary internal waves were absent or negligible. The method of empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) is applied to the sound-speed covariance matrix assuming that the internal wave modes are uncorrelated. The first five eigenvectors are found to agree well with the theoretically modeled eigenfunctions based on the measured buoyancy frequency and the internal wave eigenmode equation. The mode amplitudes for the first five modes are estimated from the corresponding eigenvalues. They agree with the Garrett-Munk model if j(*) = 1 is used instead of j(*) = 3. A second method is used to deduce the mode amplitudes and mode frequency spectra by projecting the sound-speed variation (as a function of time) onto the theoretical mode depth functions, The mode amplitudes estimated with this method are in agreement with the EOF results. A modified Garrett-Munk model is proposed to fit the frequency spectrum of linear internal waves in shallow water. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7123, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 24 IS 3 BP 333 EP 345 DI 10.1109/48.775295 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 219HW UT WOS:000081602700007 ER PT J AU Yun, X Bachmann, ER McGhee, RB Whalen, RH Roberts, RL Knapp, RG Healey, AJ Zyda, MJ AF Yun, X Bachmann, ER McGhee, RB Whalen, RH Roberts, RL Knapp, RG Healey, AJ Zyda, MJ TI Testing and evaluation of an integrated GPS/INS system for small AUV navigation SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE AUV; complementary filter; GPS; INS; inertial navigation AB A Small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Nnavigation System (SANS) is being developed at the Naval Postgraduate School. The SANS is an integrated Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation System (GPS/INS) navigation system composed of low-cost and small-size components. It is designed to demonstrate the feasibility of using a low-cost strap-down inertial measurement unit (IMU) to navigate between intermittent GPS fixes. The present hardware consists of a GPS/DGPS receiver, IMU, compass, water speed sensor, water depth sensor, and a data processing computer, The software is based on a 12-state complementary filter that combines measurement data from all sensors to derive a vehicle position/orientation estimate. This paper describes hardware and software design and testing results of the SANS. It is shown that results from tilt table testing and bench testing provide an effective means for tuning filter gains. Ground vehicle testing verifies the overall functioning of the SANS and exhibits an encouraging degree of accuracy. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 26 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 24 IS 3 BP 396 EP 404 DI 10.1109/48.775301 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 219HW UT WOS:000081602700013 ER PT J AU Gerlach, K AF Gerlach, K TI New results in importance sampling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID LARGE DEVIATIONS AB Importance sampling is a technique which can significantly reduce the number of Monte Carlos necessary to accurately estimate the probability of low-probability of occurrence events (e.g., the probability of false alarm P-F associated with a given detection scheme). A new technique called the Chernoff Importance Sampling Method is introduced. It is shown that the number of required Monte Carlos can be reduced by a factor of a Chernoff-like bound on P-F. In addition, techniques for choosing the multiplying factor of the distorted variance method (the most common method used in importance sampling) are presented. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gerlach, K (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5341,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 35 IS 3 BP 917 EP 925 DI 10.1109/7.784061 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 227YC UT WOS:000082106700012 ER PT J AU Gerlach, K AF Gerlach, K TI Spatially distributed target detection in non-Gaussian clutter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID RADAR DETECTION AB Two detection schemes for the detection of a spatially distributed, Doppler-shifted target in non-Gaussian clutter are developed. The non-Gaussian clutter is modeled as a spherically invariant random vector (SIRV) distribution. For the first detector, called the non-scatterer density dependent generalized likelihood ratio test (NSDD-GLRT), the detector takes the form of a sum of logarithms of identical functions of data from each individual range cell. It is shown under the clutter only hypothesis, that the detection statistic has the chi-square distribution so that the detector threshold is easily calculated for a given probability of False alarm P-F. The detection probability P-D is shown to be only a function of the signal-to-clutter power ratio (S/C)(opt) of the matched filter, the number of pulses N, the number of target range resolution cells J, the spikiness of the clutter determined by a parameter of an assumed underlying mixing distribution, and P-F. For representative examples, it is shown that as N, J, or the clutter spikiness increases, detection performance improves. A second detector is developed which incorporates a priori knowledge of the spatial scatterer density. This detector is called the scatterer density dependent GLRT (SDD-GLRT) and is shown for a representative case to improve significantly the detection performance of a sparsely distributed target relative to the performance of the NSDD-GLRT and to be robust for a moderate mismatch of the expected number of scatterers. For both the NSDD-GLRT and SDD-GLRT, the detectors have the constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) property that PF is independent of the underlying mixing distribution of the clutter, the clutter covariance matrix, and the steering vector of the desired signal. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gerlach, K (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5341,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 63 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 35 IS 3 BP 926 EP 934 DI 10.1109/7.784062 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 227YC UT WOS:000082106700013 ER PT J AU Drumheller, DM AF Drumheller, DM TI Pade approximations to matched filter amplitude probability functions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SEA CLUTTER; NOISE; TARGETS AB Performance analysis of echolocation systems requires the probability density function (pdf) or survival function of a matched filter output. A method is presented to derive approximations to these functions using a Padi approximation to their associated characteristic function (CF). The method is based on the Hankel transform. It allows computation of detection probabilities when the matched filter responses to clutter and a target are separately known. Several numerical examples are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Drumheller, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Code 7140,5555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 35 IS 3 BP 1033 EP 1045 DI 10.1109/7.784072 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 227YC UT WOS:000082106700023 ER PT J AU Ashton, RW Ciezki, JG Mak, C AF Ashton, RW Ciezki, JG Mak, C TI The formulation and implementation of an analog/digital control system for a 100-kW dc-to-dc buck chopper SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 98) CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Naval Postgraduate Sch, Monterey, Calif ID POWER AB The authors present a description of the design and implementation of an analo-to-digital controller for a 100-kW Ship Service Converter Module that is being used in a U.S. Navy reduced-scale de zonal electric distribution system. The system requirements, control law, controller modes of operation and validation studies are documented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Power Paragon Inc, Anaheim, CA 92805 USA. RP Ashton, RW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1057-7130 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-II JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II-Analog Digit. Signal Process. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 46 IS 7 BP 971 EP 974 DI 10.1109/82.775397 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 220GD UT WOS:000081655600019 ER PT J AU Chernin, D Antonsen, TM Levush, B AF Chernin, D Antonsen, TM Levush, B TI Exact treatment of the dispersion and beam interaction impedance of a thin tape helix surrounded by a radially stratified dielectric SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE dielectric loaded waveguides; dispersion; impedance; slow wave structures; tape helix; traveling wave tubes ID WAVE AB An exact dispersion relation is obtained for electromagnetic waves propagating on a thin metallic tape helix of arbitrary width, supported by a radially stratified dielectric layer and enclosed by a metallic shell, By expanding the surface currents on the tape in a series of Chebyshev polynomials, the unquantifiable assumptions made in all previously published analyzes of the tape helix regarding the forms of the surface current on the tape, or the electric fields at the radius of the tape, are avoided. The power Bow and interaction impedance are exactly computed. The dispersion relation is solved numerically for slow waves and the resulting phase velocity and interaction impedance are compared to those computed using the frequently made assumptions of constant current along the tape and zero current across the tape, It is found that for wide tapes significant errors are made in both the phase velocity and interaction impedance when neglecting the transverse variation of the longitudinal current and neglecting the transverse current, For narrow tapes, the two approaches agree to good accuracy. Plots of the surface currents for wide and narrow tapes are presented, The longitudinal current shows a significant variation across the tape. An example is given showing the existence of an optimum tape width, at which the on-axis interaction impedance is maximized, It is separately shown how an approximate, but useful model of metallic vanes may be incorporated in the analysis by the modification of certain boundary conditions. In all cases, computations of phase velocity and impedance across a wide frequency band take well under a minute on a modern workstation. C1 Sci Appl Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Chernin, D (reprint author), Sci Appl Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 17 TC 47 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUL PY 1999 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1472 EP 1483 DI 10.1109/16.772493 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 210DY UT WOS:000081090900026 ER PT J AU Chubb, SR Cooper, AL Jansen, RW Fusina, RA Lee, JS Askari, F AF Chubb, SR Cooper, AL Jansen, RW Fusina, RA Lee, JS Askari, F TI Radar backscatter from breaking waves in Gulf Stream current convergence fronts SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Gulf Stream; radar; wave-breaking; wave-current interaction ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SURFACE; MODEL; MODULATIONS; PREDICTIONS AB Bright linear features have been observed in radar imagery taken near the Gulf Stream (GS) boundary on two separate occasions. In each case, these have been observed directly over strong current convergences. Progress has been made in understanding the origin of these signatures through simulations that incorporate environmental forcing from the winds and currents, These simulations significantly underestimate the backscatter unless wave-breaking (WB) effects are included at least approximately. Using a new, quasistatistical procedure that generalizes and quantifies earlier procedures for including WB effects, we have been able to successfully simulate the magnitude and behavior of these signatures. The approach combines the statistically based, composite model of radar backscatter with a deterministic feature model that relates backscatter from breaking waves to a particular geometrical model of a spilling breaker. This is accomplished using localized criteria, defined by local wave crest acceleration, to determine the probability of breaking, and by extending the feature model so that its unknown parameters may be evaluated directly from wave-current interaction calculations. The new approach provides an estimate of the critical crest acceleration of a potentially breaking wave, as a function of wind speed, that agrees with independent measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chubb@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 1999 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1951 EP 1966 DI 10.1109/36.774707 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 217VP UT WOS:000081519900020 ER PT J AU Fischer, KW Legg, S Munk, WH Shuchman, RA Garwood, RW Palshook, JP AF Fischer, KW Legg, S Munk, WH Shuchman, RA Garwood, RW Palshook, JP TI Modeled radar surface signature of deep ocean convection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE climate; deep ocean convection; global thermohaline circulation; ocean circulation; oceanography; radar; SAR ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; EDDY-SIMULATION-MODEL; GREENLAND-SEA; MESOSCALE; EDDIES; FRONTS; WAVES; FLUID; GYRE AB Deep ocean convection, the process by which the deep waters of the world's oceans are created and renewed, plays a keg role in the global thermohaline circulation and hence the world's heat balance. The process of deep ocean convection involves a vigorous overturning of the ocean mater column down to depths of 2000-3000 m in an area probably not larger than 50 km in diameter. This paper details the results of a theoretical study to identify remotely sensible surface signatures for deep ocean convection. Due to the all-weather capability, efforts have focused on the microwave part of the spectrum, particularly the high resolution imaging capability of synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The goal of this research is to use the SAR surface signature or "fingerprint" to identify and characterize areas of convection in the open ocean. This information is then used to improve model parameterizations for deep convection used in general circulation models. Electromagnetic simulations of remote sensing signatures of deep ocean convection have been performed based on existing hydrodynamic models. Simulated surface signatures of deep convection are presented for various hydrodynamic and imaging conditions along with a discussion of applicability of these simulations to real SAR data. Key findings are the existence of a definite identifiable radar surface signature in convective regions and a set of conditions under which one would expect to observe these signatures. C1 ERIM Int Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48113 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fischer, KW (reprint author), ERIM Int Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48113 USA. EM fischer@erim-int.com RI Legg, Sonya/E-5995-2010 NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 1999 VL 37 IS 4 BP 2050 EP 2067 DI 10.1109/36.774715 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 217VP UT WOS:000081519900028 ER PT J AU Withers, L AF Withers, L TI Some inequalities relating different measures of divergence between two probability distributions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY LA English DT Article DE Bhattacharyya angle of divergence; chi-squared statistic; Cressie-Read-Anscombe statistic; directed divergence; Hellinger integrals; Kullback-Leibler cross-entropy; relative information AB This note presents new inequalities relating different divergence measures in the family of "convex likelihood-ratio expectation" measures of Csiszar, Ali, and Silvey, and especially in the single-parameter family of "AM-GM" divergence measures. The most prominent result is that theta(2) less than or equal to 1/4J, where theta is the Bhattacharyya angle of divergence (a true distance metric), and J is the symmetric cross-entropy. A pair of "log Gamma" divergences is also introduced and related to the cross-entropies I and J. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Withers, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9448 J9 IEEE T INFORM THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory PD JUL PY 1999 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1728 EP 1735 DI 10.1109/18.771256 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 209TL UT WOS:000081064900043 ER PT J AU Esman, RD Gliese, U AF Esman, RD Gliese, U TI Special issue on microwave and millimeter-wave photonics - Guest editorial SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tech Univ Denmark, Res Ctr COM, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Esman, RD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1149 EP 1150 DI 10.1109/TMTT.1999.775452 PN 2 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 216ZD UT WOS:000081473600001 ER PT J AU Liu, PL Williams, KJ Frankel, MY Esman, RD AF Liu, PL Williams, KJ Frankel, MY Esman, RD TI Saturation characteristics of fast photodetectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE nonlinearities; photodetectors; photodiodes; p-i-n photodiodes; semiconductor device modeling; simulation ID HIGH ILLUMINATION CONDITIONS; HIGH-POWER; MICROWAVE PHOTODETECTORS; PHOTODIODE; NONLINEARITIES; PERFORMANCE; BANDWIDTH; DESIGN; GHZ AB Saturation of photodetectors is measured in the time domain using optical pulses of different duration and in the frequency domain using amplitude-modulated optical carriers. In the time domain, saturation is characterized by a reduction in peak photocurrent and growth of a pulse tail indicating that significant carrier velocity reduction is occurring as the opposing space-charge field persists. In the frequency domain, saturation is characterized by a reduction in response to a sinusoidal signal. The time-domain saturation measurements are shown to result in substantially larger 1-dB compression currents than frequency-domain measurements for the same photodiode, Transient space-charge calculations and a spectral analysis based on Gaussian pulses are shown to help to explain the apparent differences and to correlate the measured results from the time and frequency domains. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ciena Corp, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. RP Liu, PL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5672, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1297 EP 1303 DI 10.1109/22.775469 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 216ZD UT WOS:000081473600018 ER PT J AU Matthews, PJ Liu, PL Medberry, JB Frankel, MY Esman, RD AF Matthews, PJ Liu, PL Medberry, JB Frankel, MY Esman, RD TI Demonstration of a wide-band fiber-optic nulling system for array antennas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE antenna arrays; array signal processing; optical-fiber dispersion ID TIME-STEERED ARRAY; TRANSMITTER AB A novel technique for forming and steering squint-free wide-band nulls in the far-field pattern of an ultrawide-band array antenna is presented. The nulling system relies upon a fiber-optic dispersive prism tapped delay-line microwave filter to generate the appropriate nulling waveform. The null-forming architecture was integrated with a wide-band fiberoptic dispersive prism true-time-delay transmit beamformer for demonstration in an anechoic chamber. Measurements show null depths on the order of 15 dB over the 4-18-GHz bandwidth of the system for various steering angles, The demonstrated architecture may be used for simultaneous wide-band beamforming, sidelobe reduction, and jammer suppression. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Ciena Corp, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. RP Matthews, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1327 EP 1331 DI 10.1109/22.775474 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 216ZD UT WOS:000081473600023 ER PT J AU Streit, RL Willett, PK AF Streit, RL Willett, PK TI Detection of random transient signals via hyperparameter estimation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE detection; EM algorithm; short-duration signals ID EM ALGORITHM; GABOR REPRESENTATION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD AB Difficulties arise with the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) in situations where one or more of the unknown signal parameters requires an enumeration that is computationally intractable. In the transient signal detection problem, the frequency characteristics of the signal are typically unknown; therefore, even if an aggregate signal bandwidth is assumed, the estimation problem intrinsic to the GLRT requires an enumeration of all possible sets of signal locations within the monitored band. In this paper, a prior distribution is imposed over those portions of the signal parameter space that traditionally require enumeration. By replacing intractable enumeration over possible signal characteristics with an a priori signal distribution and by estimating the "hyperparameters" (of the prior distribution) jointly with other signal parameters, it is possible to obtain a new formulation of the GLRT that avoids enumeration and is computationally feasible, The GLRT philosophy is not changed by this approach-what is different from the original GLRT is the underlying signal model. The performance of this new approach appears to be competitive with that of a scheme of emerging acceptance: the "power-law" detector. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Streit, RL (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 202, Newport, RI 02841 USA. OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1823 EP 1834 DI 10.1109/78.771032 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 206XU UT WOS:000080906400004 ER PT J AU Gerlach, K Steiner, MJ AF Gerlach, K Steiner, MJ TI Adaptive detection of range distributed targets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE adaptive detection; adaptive processing; array signal processing; spatio-temporal processing ID COVARIANCE MATRICES AB A modified generalized likelihood ratio test (MGLRT) fur the adaptive detection of a target or targets that are distributed in range is derived, The unknown parameters associated with the hypothesis test are the complex amplitudes in range of the desired target and the unknown covariance matrix of the additive interference, which is assumed to be characterized as complex zero-mean correlated Gaussian random variables. The target's or targets' complex amplitudes are assumed to be distributed across the entire input data block (sensor x range). Results on probabilities of false alarm and detection are derived, and a bounded constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector is developed. Simulation results are presented. it is shown that the derived MGLRT of range distributed targets is much more effective in detecting targets distributed in range than an M out of K detector, which is cascaded with a single-point target Kelly detector. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gerlach, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5341, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 78 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1844 EP 1851 DI 10.1109/78.771034 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 206XU UT WOS:000080906400006 ER PT J AU Runkle, PR Bharadwaj, PK Couchman, L Carin, L AF Runkle, PR Bharadwaj, PK Couchman, L Carin, L TI Hidden Markov models for multiaspect target classification SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Letter DE automatic target recognition; classification; hidden Markov models ID MATCHING-PURSUITS; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSFORM AB This correspondence presents a new approach for target identification, in which we fuse scattering data from multiple target-sensor orientations. The multiaspect data is processed via hidden Markov model (HMM) classifiers, buttressed by physics-based feature extraction. This approach explicitly accounts for the fact that the target-sensor orientation is generally unknown or "hidden." Discrimination results are presented for measured scattering data. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Runkle, PR (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 15 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 47 IS 7 BP 2035 EP 2040 DI 10.1109/78.771050 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 206XU UT WOS:000080906400022 ER PT J AU Lin, JX Chen, LG Wu, C Sun, FR AF Lin, JX Chen, LG Wu, C Sun, FR TI Finite-time thermodynamic performance of a Dual cycle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE finite-time thermodynamics; performance; Dual cycle ID INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; OTTO CYCLE; EFFICIENCY; POWER; OUTPUT AB Finite-time thermodynamic analysis of an air-standard internal-combustion Dual cycle is performed in this paper. The relation between net work output and efficiency of the cycle is derived. The maximum net work output and the corresponding efficiency limit of the cycle with heat transfer considerations are also found. Detailed numerical examples are given. The results obtained herein provide a guidance to the performance evaluation and improvement for practical internal combustion engines. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wu, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 21 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0363-907X J9 INT J ENERG RES JI Int. J. Energy Res. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 23 IS 9 BP 765 EP 772 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-114X(199907)23:9<765::AID-ER513>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 220WX UT WOS:000081692200003 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Wu, C Sun, FR Cao, S AF Chen, LG Wu, C Sun, FR Cao, S TI Maximum profit performance of a three-heat-reservoir heat pump SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE heat pump; profit; performance AB The operation of a three-heat-reservoir heat pump is viewed as a production process with exergy as its output. The relations between the optimal profit and COP (coefficient of performance), and the COP bound at the maximum profit of the heat pump are derived based on a general heat transfer law. The results provide a theoretical basis for developing and utilizing a variety of heat pumps. The focus of this paper is to search the compromised optimization between economics (profit) and the utilization factor (COP) for finite-time endoreversible thermodynamic cycles. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wu, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0363-907X J9 INT J ENERG RES JI Int. J. Energy Res. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 23 IS 9 BP 773 EP 777 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-114X(199907)23:9<773::AID-ER515>3.0.CO;2-S PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 220WX UT WOS:000081692200004 ER PT J AU Cooper, KP AF Cooper, KP TI Producing net-shape products by powder metallurgy SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 51 IS 7 BP 25 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s11837-999-0104-9 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 213VX UT WOS:000081294900005 ER PT J AU Creusere, CD Van Nevel, A AF Creusere, CD Van Nevel, A TI Automatic target recognition directed image compression SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Missile Sciences Conference CY NOV 17-19, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP AIAA ID CORRELATION FILTERS AB A novel synthesis is presented of two separate areas of image processing: automatic target recognition/cueing (ATR/ATC) and embedded image compression. To maximize the information content of a transmitted image, an ATR algorithm is used to detect potential areas of interest, and the compression algorithm regionally compresses the image, allocating more bits to the areas of interest. In this fashion, contextual information is retained, albeit at a lower resolution. Higher information content is achieved at a lower bit rate. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Computat Sci Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Technol Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Creusere, CD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Computat Sci Branch, Code 471600D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 36 IS 4 BP 626 EP 631 DI 10.2514/2.2502 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 226EN UT WOS:000082007500002 ER PT J AU Kelso, JM Cockrell, GE Helm, RM Burks, AW AF Kelso, JM Cockrell, GE Helm, RM Burks, AW TI Common allergens in avian meats SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allergy; chicken; turkey; game birds; cross-reactivity ID PROTEIN SENSITIZATION; CHICKEN MEAT; FOOD; CHILDREN AB Background: Reports of allergy to bird meats are uncommon, and most have been in patients with "bird-egg syndrome." Objective: We sought to evaluate 3 patients who reported allergic reactions to several avian meats, but who denied allergic reactions to eating eggs. The patients required yellow fever vaccine for entry into the military. Methods: Patients were skin tested with commercial extracts of chicken, turkey, and egg, as well as with crude extracts made from dove and quail meat, and with yellow fever vaccine. Immunoblots for IgE antibody were performed by using the same materials used for skin testing plus extracts of duck and goose meat. Results: Skin tests were positive in all 3 patients to chicken, turkey, dove, quail, and yellow fever vaccine and negative to egg. This included some positive skin test responses to bird meats the patients denied ever having eaten. The vaccine was administered in graded doses. Immunoblots revealed IgE binding to several proteins of similar molecular weights in all of the avian meats but not to egg or yellow fever vaccine. Again, this included IgE antibody to some bird meats the patients denied ever having eaten. Conclusion: Patients allergic to one bird meat may be allergic to others, including game birds, probably because of crossreacting allergens. Such patients may have to exercise caution even when eating bird meats they have not previously ingested, The relationship of this allergy to yellow fever vaccine, if any, remains to be determined. C1 USN, Dept Internal Med, Div Allergy, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Allergy Immunol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Kelso, JM (reprint author), USN, Dept Clin Res, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 10 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 104 IS 1 BP 202 EP 204 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70136-3 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 221QZ UT WOS:000081738900032 PM 10400862 ER PT J AU Pearton, SJ Zolper, JC Shul, RJ Ren, F AF Pearton, SJ Zolper, JC Shul, RJ Ren, F TI GaN: Processing, defects, and devices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID N-TYPE GAN; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; QUANTUM-WELL-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURE LASER-DIODES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; III-V NITRIDES; INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA AB The role of extended and point defects, and key impurities such as C, O, and H, on the electrical and optical properties of GaN is reviewed. Recent progress in the development of high reliability contacts, thermal processing, dry and wet etching techniques, implantation doping and isolation, and gate insulator technology is detailed. Finally, the performance of GaN-based electronic and photonic devices such as field effect transistors, UV detectors, laser diodes, and light-emitting diodes is covered, along with the influence of process-induced or grown-in defects and impurities on the device physics. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)00613-1]. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu NR 610 TC 1185 Z9 1228 U1 59 U2 536 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 1 BP 1 EP 78 DI 10.1063/1.371145 PG 78 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 206BN UT WOS:000080856300001 ER PT J AU Morrill, JS Ginter, ML Lewis, BR Gibson, ST AF Morrill, JS Ginter, ML Lewis, BR Gibson, ST TI The (X (2)Pi(g)) ns sigma(g) (1,3)Pi(g) Rydberg states of O-2: Spectra, structures, and interactions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; POTENTIAL CURVES; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; VALENCE STATES; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; 2-PHOTON SPECTROSCOPY; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; ELECTRON-IMPACT; 3-PI-G RYDBERG; CLOSE APPROACH AB The results of a critical reexamination of previous experimental observations of the (X (2)Pi(g)) ns sigma(g) (1,3)Pi(g) Rydberg states of O-2 are employed to optimize a coupled-channel Schrodinger-equation (CSE) model describing rovibronic interactions among a number of (1,3)Pi(g) Rydberg and valence states. The results of calculations using this CSE model are compared with the experimental energy-level and predissociation linewidth data base. As a result of the optimization process, relevant potential-energy curves and Rydberg-valence, Rydberg-Rydberg, and valence-valence interactions are characterized for (1,3)Pi(g) states in the similar to 6.5-9.5 eV region above the ground state of O-2. The precision of these characterizations and the interpretation of the experimental observations are found to be limited by the quality of the existing data, which exhibit a number of inconsistencies that cannot be reconciled without new, well-characterized experimental studies. In spite of these difficulties, the present CSE model, as currently parametrized, represents a significant improvement over previous work, enabling identification of a number of previously unassigned spectral features associated with perturbation of the 3s sigma(g) d (1)Pi(g) state by the parallel to (1)Pi(g) valence state and an anomalous J sensitivity in predissociation branching ratios for the d(v=1) level. In addition, the electronic structure and predissociation of the ns sigma(g) states for n greater than or equal to 4 are found to be strongly influenced by ns sigma(g)-(n-1)d sigma(g) Rydberg-Rydberg interactions. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)00925-3]. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Morrill, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 63 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 1 BP 173 EP 185 DI 10.1063/1.479264 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 208MQ UT WOS:000080995500023 ER PT J AU Lewis, BR Gibson, ST Morrill, JS Ginter, ML AF Lewis, BR Gibson, ST Morrill, JS Ginter, ML TI Perturbations in the 3s sigma(g) (1,3)Pi(g) Rydberg states of O-2: Bound-bound interactions with the second (1)Pi(g) and (1)Delta(g) valence states SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; POTENTIAL CURVES; AB-INITIO; O2; PREDISSOCIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; OXYGEN; PHOTOELECTRON AB Existing experimental (2+1) REMPI spectra for transitions into rotationally resolved levels of the 3s sigma(g) d (1)Pi(g) and 3s sigma(g) C (3)Pi(g) Rydberg states of O-2 have been rotationally analyzed, resulting in the first characterization of rotational perturbations in d(v=1-3) and C(v=2). In addition, the results of this analysis have been interpreted with the aid of a coupled-channel Schrodinger-equation (CSE) model of the interacting electronic states. The identification and characterization of perturbations in the d and C states have allowed the nature of the interactions between the 3s sigma(g) (1,3)Pi(g) Rydberg states and the parallel to (1)Pi(g) valence state to be clarified and a realistic empirical potential-energy curve for the parallel to (1)Pi(g) state to be determined. While it is found that first- and second-order interactions with the parallel to (1)Pi(g) valence state are responsible for the strongest perturbations observed in d(v=1-3) and C(v=2), additional weak perturbations found in d(v=2 and 3) are shown to result from a second-order interaction with the parallel to (1)Delta(g) valence state. These weak perturbations, including an extra level observed for d(v=3, J=17), appear to be the first experimental evidence for the parallel to (1)Delta(g) state, long predicted theoretically. Finally, detailed comparisons between experimental spectra and d (1)Pi(g)<--<--a (1)Delta(g)(1,0), (2,0) and (3,0) (2+1) REMPI spectra calculated using the CSE model are presented which support and illustrate these conclusions. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)01025-9]. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lewis, BR (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 1 BP 186 EP 197 DI 10.1063/1.479265 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 208MQ UT WOS:000080995500024 ER PT J AU Tam, DA Chalmers, A AF Tam, DA Chalmers, A TI Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and myasthenia gravis SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Tam, DA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 14 IS 7 BP 478 EP 479 DI 10.1177/088307389901400715 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 216NN UT WOS:000081448900015 PM 10573474 ER PT J AU Reboulet, JE Kimmel, EC AF Reboulet, JE Kimmel, EC TI A simple, inexpensive solid fuel furnace for small scale combustion toxicity studies SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL FIRE SUPPRESSANT; EXPOSURE C1 USN, Hlth Res Inst Detachment Toxicol, NHRC, TD,Geoctr Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Reboulet, JE (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Inst Detachment Toxicol, NHRC, TD,Geoctr Inc, Bldg 433,Area B,2612 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0734-9041 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 17 IS 4 BP 329 EP 348 DI 10.1177/073490419901700405 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 249VP UT WOS:000083354200005 ER PT J AU Hollenbeck, TPE Siuzdak, G Blackledge, RD AF Hollenbeck, TPE Siuzdak, G Blackledge, RD TI Electrospray and MALDI mass spectrometry in the identification of spermicides in criminal investigations SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; nonoxynol-9; spermicide; condoms; sexual assault; LC; mass spectrometry; LC/electrospray MS; matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTMS); electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; (ESI-MS); and nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI); mass spectrometry ID SEXUAL ASSAULT; LATEX CONDOMS; TRACES AB Electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry have been used to examine evidence in a sexual assault investigation. Because condoms are being used increasingly by sexual assailants and some condom brands include the spermicide nonoxynol-9 (nonylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol) in the lubricant formulation, the recovery, and identification of nonoxynol-9 from evidence items may assist in proving corpus delicti. A method was developed for the recovery of nonoxynol-9 from internal vaginal swabs and for its identification by reverse phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC ESI-MS), nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) mass spectrometry, and high resolution MALDI Fourier transform mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTMS). The method was tested on extracts from precoitus, immediate postcoitus, and four-hours postcoitus vaginal swabs provided by a volunteer whose partner does not normally use condoms, but for this trial used a condom having a water-soluble gel-type lubricant that includes 5% nonoxynol-9 in its formulation. Subsequently, LC ESI-MS was used to identify traces of nonoxynol-9 from the internal vaginal swab of a victim of a sexual assault. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Beckman Ctr Chem Sci, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. USN, Criminal Investigat Serv, Reg Forens Lab, San Diego, CA 92136 USA. RP Hollenbeck, TPE (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Beckman Ctr Chem Sci, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [1 S10 RR07273-01] NR 13 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 44 IS 4 BP 783 EP 788 PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 293AY UT WOS:000085830400024 PM 10432613 ER PT J AU Amatucci, WE AF Amatucci, WE TI Inhomogeneous plasma flows: A review of in situ observations and laboratory experiments SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on the Interrelationship Between Plasma Experiments in the Laboratory and in Space CY 1997 CL MAUI, HAWAII ID ION-CYCLOTRON INSTABILITY; FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; RADIAL ELECTRIC-FIELD; SHEET BOUNDARY-LAYER; LOWER-HYBRID WAVES; TRANSVERSELY ACCELERATED IONS; FILAMENTARY DENSITY DEPLETION; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; VELOCITY SHEAR INSTABILITY; HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE AB Sheared flows in near-Earth space plasmas, both magnetic-field-aligned and cross-field, contribute to a rich array of phenomena which can be simulated in the laboratory. This has led to improved knowledge of the basic processes involving velocity shear operative in space, where it is not possible to conduct detailed and repeatable experiments with control over background parameters. Depending upon the flow characteristics, shear can contribute to either growth or damping of various plasma modes or, if sufficiently strong, can itself drive instabilities. These instabilities can have significant consequences in redefining the plasma equilibrium and can lead to energization and transport. A number of laboratory experiments have been performed to investigate the detailed physics associated with inhomogeneous space plasma flows. In this work, a review of in situ observations of processes associated with sheared flows and details of complementary laboratory experimental investigations is presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Amatucci, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6755,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 194 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A7 BP 14481 EP 14503 DI 10.1029/1998JA900098 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 211WW UT WOS:000081185700007 ER PT J AU Wu, ST Guo, WP Michels, DJ Burlaga, LF AF Wu, ST Guo, WP Michels, DJ Burlaga, LF TI MHD description of the dynamical relationships between a flux rope, streamer, coronal mass ejection, and magnetic cloud: An analysis of the January 1997 Sun-Earth connection event SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; HELMET STREAMER; SOLAR CORONA; 1 AU; PROPAGATION; EVOLUTION; HELICITY; PROMINENCES; SIMULATION; GEOMETRY AB We investigate the dynamical relationships between a coronal flux rope, a streamer, a coronal mass ejection (CME), and a magnetic cloud by using observations from the satellites of the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics observatories together with a streamer and flux rope interaction model [Wu and Guo, 1997a]. This is the first physical description of the evolution of a CME related to a flux rope in a streamer near the Sun to a magnetic cloud at 1 AU, The distinctive physical configuration of the model is based on a theoretical suggestion [Low, 1994] and observations [Hundhausen, 1993] that the magnetic structure of a streamer with an embedded cavity provides favorable condition for launch of a CME. We explore this physical scenario by identifying a flux rope as the cavity and using a fully self-consistent numerical simulation to illustrate the dynamical process of evolution of the flux rope/CME into a magnetic cloud. The simulation results are then compared to solar and interplanetary data from the well-observed Sun-Earth connection event of January 6-12, 1997. The data used for this analysis were collected chiefly by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) Large-Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph Experiment coronagraph and the solar wind particle and field sensors on the Wind spacecraft, but ground-based solar data were used as well. Because we have detailed observations of the same disturbance both at the Sun (SOHO) and at 1 AU (Wind), this event gives us an unusual opportunity to test the magnetohydrodynamic methodology and to learn about the physical processes of the Sun-Earth connection. In this study we show that when the flux rope rises (owing to increasing axial current, as assumed here, or to some other mechanism), it disrupts the streamer-flux rope system, thus launching a coronal mass ejection. The flux rope then escapes from the streamer and evolves to become a magnetic cloud, as expected, in interplanetary space. The CME is a visible feature moving ahead of the flux rope. The model also predicts a fast-mode shock in front of the magnetic cloud, as observed. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wu, ST (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 50 TC 122 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A7 BP 14789 EP 14801 DI 10.1029/1999JA900099 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 211WW UT WOS:000081185700031 ER PT J AU Melendez-Alvira, DJ Meier, RR Picone, JM Feldman, PD McLaughlin, BM AF Melendez-Alvira, DJ Meier, RR Picone, JM Feldman, PD McLaughlin, BM TI Analysis of the oxygen nightglow measured by the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope: Implications for ionospheric partial radiative recombination rate coefficients SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; DISCRETE INVERSE-THEORY; ATOMIC OXYGEN; TROPICAL NIGHTGLOW; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET; F-REGION; SPECTROSCOPY; CALIBRATION; COLLISIONS; RESOLUTION AB The Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT) recorded nighttime ultraviolet O+ spectra in the tropical ionosphere during the December 1990 Astro 1 space shuttle mission. We reexamine the HUT 911-Angstrom radiative recombination continuum spectra and the relative 911-Angstrom and 1356-Angstrom intensities in order to address questions raised in a previous study. First, we find that the radiative recombination of O+ to the ground state of O accounts for nearly all of the continuum emission. The need for a second component beyond the ionization threshold is eliminated by allowing for an instrumental wavelength shift. Second, we find that certain low-count spectral features in some of the data are not due to a non-Maxwellian energy distribution because of the fast electron thermalization in the nighttime F region. Instead, we show that these features are consistent with random fluctuations alone. Third, the best known O+ - O- mutual neutralization chemistry gives good agreement between theoretical and measured 1356/911 ratios, thereby demonstrating the consistency among the various determinations of the O- photodetachment cross section. We update the 911-Angstrom radiative recombination rate coefficient using recent photoionization cross section information, and the 1356-Angstrom rate coefficient by fitting HUT 1356/911 ratio data. The derived rate coefficient agrees very closely with our interpretation of independent 7774-Angstrom data. Both the three-parameter fit to the 911-Angstrom radiative recombination continuum and the updated 911 and 1356-Angstrom radiative recombination rate coefficients improve the agreement between the model and measured 1356/911 ratios. The updated radiative recombination rate coefficients are 3.5 x 10(-13) cm(3) s(-1) for 911-Angstrom, and 7.3 x 10(-13) cm(3) s(-1) for 1356-Angstrom, both at 1160 K. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Melendez-Alvira, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7640, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014 OI Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115 NR 80 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A7 BP 14901 EP 14913 DI 10.1029/1999JA900136 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 211WW UT WOS:000081185700041 ER PT J AU Hallberg, E Kaminer, I AF Hallberg, E Kaminer, I TI Horizontal control effector sizing for supersonic transport aircraft SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hallberg, E (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 22 IS 4 BP 618 EP 622 DI 10.2514/2.7639 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 218DN UT WOS:000081538100018 ER PT J AU Shin, AY Glowacki, KA Bishop, AT AF Shin, AY Glowacki, KA Bishop, AT TI Dynamic axial carpal instability: A case report SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article DE wrist; dissociative carpal instability; axial carpal instability; dynamic ID STABILITY AB The concept of distal carpal row dissociation is not new. It has occurred secondary to high-energy crush or blast injuries, with resultant axial dislocations of both carpal rows and metacarpals. Axial carpal sprains without disruption or dynamic axial carpal instability have not been previously described. The evaluation of this new type of carpal instability with radiographs, tomography, arthrography, and magnetic resonance imaging failed to demonstrate its etiology. Arthroscopic evaluation of the midcarpal and radiocarpal joints demonstrated a dynamic axial carpal instability with incompetence of the capitohamate and scapholunate ligaments. Stabilization of the axial instability by capitohamate arthrodesis relieved the chronic wrist pain. (I Hand Surg 1999;24A:781-785. Copyright (C) 1999 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand.). C1 USN Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microvasc Surg, San Diego, CA USA. RP Bishop, AT (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microvasc Surg, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. OI Shin, Alexander/0000-0001-9658-8192 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0363-5023 J9 J HAND SURG-AM JI J. Hand Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 24A IS 4 BP 781 EP 785 DI 10.1053/jhsu.1999.0781 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 218WZ UT WOS:000081577200018 PM 10447170 ER PT J AU Biernacki, PD Frankel, MY Gingerich, ME Matthews, PJ AF Biernacki, PD Frankel, MY Gingerich, ME Matthews, PJ TI A high-speed mixed digital-to-analog circuit board for accurate control of wavelength tunable lasers for fiber-optic communications SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE high-speed wavelength division multiplexing; time-division multiplexing (WDM/TDM); mixed digital-to-analog (D/A) circuit board; optical communications; wavelength tunable laser ID STRUCTURE GRATING SSG; DBR LASER; RANGE AB A mixed digital-to-analog (DIA) high-speed circuit board capable of driving a tunable super structure grating distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser is developed. The circuit is used to control the laser over a 20-nm tuning wavelength range with 0.1 nm resolution. Three control currents are preprogrammed into an electrically erasable/programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) look-up table for each wavelength. Upon receiving a differential logic control signal, the circuit tunes the laser to the specified output wavelength within 500 ns, The longterm repeatability of the tuned laser output wavelength shows drift below +/-0.02 nm with greater than 100 h of operation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ciena Corp, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. RP Biernacki, PD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1222 EP 1228 DI 10.1109/50.774260 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 215HQ UT WOS:000081376500016 ER PT J AU Bang, SS Pazirandeh, M AF Bang, SS Pazirandeh, M TI Physical properties and heavy metal uptake of encapsulated Escherichia coli expressing a metal binding gene (NCP) SO JOURNAL OF MICROENCAPSULATION LA English DT Article DE encapsulation; beads; alginate; chitosan; carrageenan; metal removal ID ALGINATE BEADS; IMMOBILIZATION; CELLS; METALLOTHIONEIN AB A recombinant Escherichia coli expressing the Neurospora crassa metallothionein gene (NCP) has previously been shown to remove low levels of Cd and other metals from solution. For further development as a biosorbent, the encapsulation of the NCP is investigated by various matrices. The NCP was encapsulated in alginate, chitosan-alginate or kappa-carrageenan, and its physical properties characterized. Results indicated that encapsulation in alginate resulted in fragile beads, whereas encapsulation in kappa-carrageenan or chitosanalginate provided more physical and chemical integrity to the beads. Maximal heavy metal removal by cells encapsulated in carrageenan occurred within 3 h, while a gradual increase in removal was observed up to 24 h for cells encapsulated in chitosan-alginate. Metal removal by cells encapsulated in alginate beads was lower than those encapsulated in carrageenan or chitosanalginate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Pazirandeh, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0265-2048 J9 J MICROENCAPSUL JI J. Microencapsul. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 16 IS 4 BP 489 EP 499 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Engineering; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 212NR UT WOS:000081223600007 PM 10420333 ER PT J AU Hattendorf, JB AF Hattendorf, JB TI Cockburn and the British Navy in transition: Admiral Sir George Cockburn, 1772-1853 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Hattendorf, JB (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 63 IS 3 BP 722 EP 723 DI 10.2307/120514 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 210YP UT WOS:000081133400024 ER PT J AU Meilinger, PS AF Meilinger, PS TI Managing "Command and Control" in the Persian Gulf War SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Meilinger, PS (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 63 IS 3 BP 761 EP 762 DI 10.2307/120544 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 210YP UT WOS:000081133400054 ER PT J AU Broadhead, MK AF Broadhead, MK TI Comments on "A nonlinear model of internal tide transformation on the Australian North West Shelf" SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean & Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Broadhead, MK (reprint author), 1535 Pressburg St, New Orleans, LA 70122 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1624 EP 1629 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1624:COANMO>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 221RB UT WOS:000081739100016 ER PT J AU Wang, ZG Hsiao, BS Lopez, J Armistead, JP AF Wang, ZG Hsiao, BS Lopez, J Armistead, JP TI Crystal structure changes during isothermal crystallization, cooling and heating of linear polyethylene SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH-TAIWAN LA English DT Article DE linear polyethylene; unit cell parameters; isothermal crystallization; synchrotron; WAXD; crystal perfection; thermal expansion ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; THERMAL-EXPANSION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ETHER KETONE) AB The dynamic process of crystal structure change during isothermal crystallization, cooling and heating of linear polyethylene with different molecular weight and polydispersity was followed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) measurement. From the WAXD data, variations of unit cell parameters a and b and changes in crystallinity were estimated. During isothermal crystallization, both cell parameters were found to decrease with time, suggesting that the crystal structure was becoming more perfect. With an increase in molecular weight or crystallization temperature, the rate of crystal perfection and the attainable crystallinity were found to decrease. This behavior can be explained by the formation of thicker lamellae, which probably have a lower degree of defects and a reduced surface-to-volume ratio in the crystals. Upon cooling and heating, the cell parameters appeared to contract and expand accordingly. The thermal contraction and expansion of parameter a is considerably larger than that of b, which probably results from the weaker intra-chain interactions along the a-axis, which is perpendicular to the spherulite growth direction. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USN, Mat Chem Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hsiao, BS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Wang, Zhigang/F-6136-2010 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU POLYMER SOC, TAIPEI PI HSINCHU PA NATL TSING HUA UNIV, CHEMICAL ENG DEPT,, HSINCHU 30043, TAIWAN SN 1022-9760 J9 J POLYM RES-TAIWAN JI J. Polym. Res.-Taiwan PD JUL PY 1999 VL 6 IS 3 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1007/s10965-006-0085-0 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 272WY UT WOS:000084675000005 ER PT J AU Sastri, SB Keller, TM AF Sastri, SB Keller, TM TI Phthalonitrile polymers: Cure behavior and properties SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE phthalonitrile polymer; curing agent; thermal stability; oxidative stability; char yield; fire performance ID INTRINSICALLY CONDUCTIVE POLYMER; RESIN; COMPOSITES AB This article compares the cure behavior and properties of phthalonitrile polymers derived from three different monomers, namely, 4,4'-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)biphenyl, 2,2-bis [4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)phenyl] hexafluoropropane and 2,2-bis [4(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)phenyl] propane. Rheometric measurements with monomer melt in the presence of an aromatic diamine curing agent reveal that the rate of the cure reaction differs for the three monomers. The rate is dependent on the concentration of the curing agent. The glass transition temperature advances with increasing extent of cure and disappears upon postcure at temperatures in excess of 350 degrees C. Based on thermogravimetric analysis, the thermal stability of all three polymers are comparable, whereas the fluorine-containing resin shows the best oxidative stability at elevated temperatures. Microscale calorimetric studies on all three polymers reveal that the char yields are high and the total heat release upon exposure to 50 kW/m(2) flux for each polymer is low, compared to other thermosets. Flexural strength ranges between 80-120 MPa. The water uptake under ambient conditions is less than 3% by weight after submersion in water for seven months. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2105-2111, 1999. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keller, TM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 5 U2 27 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 1999 VL 37 IS 13 BP 2105 EP 2111 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 206KQ UT WOS:000080878600025 ER PT J AU Lewis, HL Danko, T Himy, A Johnson, W AF Lewis, HL Danko, T Himy, A Johnson, W TI Alternative separation evaluations in model rechargeable silver-zinc cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Power Sources Symposium on Research amd Development in Non-Mechanical Electrical Power Sources CY MAY 10-12, 1999 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP AEA Technol Batteries, Batteries Int, Battery Power Prod Technol, Brittania Refined Metals Ltd, BTR Power Syst, Hawker Batteries Grp Ltd, SAFT-NIFE, Missiles Space Batteries Ltd, Ultralife Batteries, Varta Ltd, Yardney Tech Prod DE zinc-silver oxide rechargeable batteries; separators cellulosic AB Several varieties of standard and reinforced, cellulose-based, sausage casing films derived from wood pulp have been evaluated in model (nominal 28 A h) rechargeable silver-zinc cells. The cell performance data for both cycle life and wet stand life have been compared with cells equipped with conventional 1 mil (0.025 mm) cellophane. Although shorting was the most common failure mode in the cells with sausage casing separation, remarkably good cycle and wet life were obtained when the separation wrap also included PVA film. This paper reports the cycle and wet life comparison data for these substitute separators, with respect to conventional cellophane separation, as well as separation physical property data and silver migration rates in the cells as a function of cell life. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Viskase, Chicago, IL 60638 USA. JJ McMullen Assoc, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lewis, HL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code 6091, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 1 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 65 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(99)00063-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 207MJ UT WOS:000080940400012 ER PT J AU Smith, DF Gucinski, JA AF Smith, DF Gucinski, JA TI Synthetic silver oxide and mercury-free zinc electrodes for silver-zinc reserve batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Power Sources Symposium on Research amd Development in Non-Mechanical Electrical Power Sources CY MAY 10-12, 1999 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP AEA Technol Batteries, Batteries Int, Battery Power Prod Technol, Brittania Refined Metals Ltd, BTR Power Syst, Hawker Batteries Grp Ltd, SAFT-NIFE, Missiles Space Batteries Ltd, Ultralife Batteries, Varta Ltd, Yardney Tech Prod DE silver oxides; zinc electrodes; zinc anode reserve batteries AB Reserve activated silver oxide-zinc cells were constructed with synthetic silver oxide (Ag2O) electrodes with Pb-treated zinc electrodes produced by a non-electrolytic process. The cells were tested before and after thermally accelerated aging. At discharge rates up to 80 mA cm(-2), the discharge was limited by the Ag2O electrode, with a coulombic efficiency between 89-99%. At higher rates, the cells are apparently zinc-limited. Test cells were artificially aged at 90 degrees C for 19 h and discharged at 21 degrees C at 80 mA cm(-2). No capacity loss was measured, but a delayed activation rise time was noted (192 ms fresh vs. 567 ms aged). The delay is thought to be caused by zinc passivation due to the outgassing of cell materials. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 EMF Syst, Boulder Creek, CA 95006 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane, IN USA. RP Smith, DF (reprint author), EMF Syst, 14670 Highway 9, Boulder Creek, CA 95006 USA. NR 6 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(98)00251-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 207MJ UT WOS:000080940400013 ER PT J AU Medeiros, MG Dow, EG AF Medeiros, MG Dow, EG TI Magnesium-solution phase catholyte seawater electrochemical system SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Power Sources Symposium on Research amd Development in Non-Mechanical Electrical Power Sources CY MAY 10-12, 1999 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP AEA Technol Batteries, Batteries Int, Battery Power Prod Technol, Brittania Refined Metals Ltd, BTR Power Syst, Hawker Batteries Grp Ltd, SAFT-NIFE, Missiles Space Batteries Ltd, Ultralife Batteries, Varta Ltd, Yardney Tech Prod DE semi-fuel cells; sea-water batteries; magnesium anode reserve batteries; applications underwater vehicle AB A magnesium-solution phase catholyte semi-fuel cell (Mg-SFC) system was investigated as an energetic electrochemical system for low rate, long endurance undersea vehicle applications. This electrochemical system consisted of a magnesium anode and a solution phase catholyte of hydrogen peroxide or hypochlorite, in a seawater electrolyte. Polarization profiles of the Mg-SFC were performed to determine the corresponding voltages at applied current densities ranging from 10 to 50 mA cm(-2). Voltages of 1.0 V to 1.8 V were observed at these current densities. Constant current-density tests at 25 mA cm(-2) for 60 min were also performed to determine voltage stability with time. These tests showed voltages of 1.3 V when a magnesium anode and an electrocatalyst of nickel foil catalyzed with palladium and iridium were utilized. When an electrocatalyst of planar carbon catalyzed with palladium and iridium was tested, the corresponding voltage was 1.5 V. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Medeiros, MG (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 18 TC 44 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 78 EP 82 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(98)00253-5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 207MJ UT WOS:000080940400015 ER PT J AU Bessette, RR Cichon, JM Dischert, DW Dow, EG AF Bessette, RR Cichon, JM Dischert, DW Dow, EG TI A study of cathode catalysis for the aluminium hydrogen peroxide semi-fuel cell SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Power Sources Symposium on Research amd Development in Non-Mechanical Electrical Power Sources CY MAY 10-12, 1999 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP AEA Technol Batteries, Batteries Int, Battery Power Prod Technol, Brittania Refined Metals Ltd, BTR Power Syst, Hawker Batteries Grp Ltd, SAFT-NIFE, Missiles Space Batteries Ltd, Ultralife Batteries, Varta Ltd, Yardney Tech Prod DE aluminium anode reserve cells; semi-fuel cells; catalysis ID REDUCTION; IRIDIUM AB The characterization and use of a Pd and Ir catalyst combination on a C substrate in an Al/H2O2 semi-fuel cell is described. The Pd-Ir combination outperforms Pd alone or Lr alone on the same substrate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrophotometry (EDS) were used to establish the location of Pd, Ir and O in clusters on the cathode substrate surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) binding energy measurements indicate that Pd is in the metallic state and the Ir is in the +3 state, A configuration consisting of an Ir(III) oxide (Ir2O3) core and a Pd shell is proposed. The electrochemical, corrosion, direct and decomposition reactions which take place during cell discharge were evaluated. Improved initial and long term performance, at low current densities, of the AI/H2O2 semi-fuel cell incorporating a Pd-Ir on C cathode relative to a similarly catalyzed Ni substrate and a baseline silver foil catalyst is demonstrated. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem & Biochem, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. USN, NUWC, Newport Div, Elect Prop Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Syst Integrat & Res, Middletown, RI 02840 USA. RP Bessette, RR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem & Biochem, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. NR 10 TC 44 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 248 EP 253 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(98)00265-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 207MJ UT WOS:000080940400042 ER PT J AU Caruthers, JW Elmore, PA Novarini, JC Goodman, RR AF Caruthers, JW Elmore, PA Novarini, JC Goodman, RR TI An iterative approach for approximating bubble distributions from attenuation measurements SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS; POPULATIONS; SPECTRA; WATERS; WAVES; OCEAN; SEA AB A precise theory exists, based on an integral equation, by which acoustic signal attenuation versus frequency, due to a known bubble-density distribution versus bubble radius, may be calculated. Lacking a simple inversion scheme for the integral equation, an approximation which accounts only for attenuation due to resonant bubbles is available (and often applied) to calculate a bubble distribution. An iterative approach for improving on that resonant bubble approximation is presented here. That new approach is based on alternating calculations and corrections between attenuation data and the bubble distribution presumed to have produced it, This iterative technique is tested, first, on two simulated data sets of bubble distributions. It is then applied to attenuation data measured as a function of frequency from 39 to 244 kHz during the Scripps Pier Experiment [Caruthers et al., Proc. 16th Int. Gong. on Acoust., pp. 697-698 (1998)]. The results of the simulations demonstrate the validity of the method by faithfully reproducing the initial distributions for the simulated attenuation data. When applied to the real data, the method leads to a bubble distribution whose use in a direct solution of the integral equation reproduces the measured data with greater accuracy than does the resonant bubble approximation alone. (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)04307-6]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Long Beach, MS 39560 USA. Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. RP Caruthers, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 106 IS 1 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1121/1.427047 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 217AK UT WOS:000081476700018 ER PT J AU Harrison, BF Vaccaro, RJ Tufts, DW AF Harrison, BF Vaccaro, RJ Tufts, DW TI Robust broadband matched-field localization: Results for a short, sparse vertical array SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter AB Matched-field localization is typically applied to signals received by long vertical arrays. A much more challenging problem is the application of these techniques to short vertical arrays. Short arrays require the use of multiple frequencies in localization processing to reduce ambiguities. In addition, any practical localization algorithm must also be robust to environmental uncertainties. In this paper, the results of applying the robust multiple uncertainty replica-subspace weighted projections (MU-RSWP) localization algorithm to the broadband signal/short-array problem are presented. Simulation results for two uncertain shallow-water environments are given using a short five-element array which demonstrate the significant performance improvement in using MU-RSWP over the Bartlett processor. These results serve as an illustration of the applicability of using short arrays, in conjunction with a robust localization algorithm, for matched-field localization in realistic environmental scenarios. (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)03007-6]. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Submarine Sonar Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Harrison, BF (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Submarine Sonar Dept, Code 2121,Bldg 1320, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 106 IS 1 BP 515 EP 517 DI 10.1121/1.427072 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 217AK UT WOS:000081476700049 ER PT J AU Jones, GK AF Jones, GK TI Timely point SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Dent Res Inst, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Jones, GK (reprint author), USN, Dent Res Inst, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 130 IS 7 BP 922 EP + PG 2 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 216YV UT WOS:000081472800006 ER PT J AU Lynch, RS Willett, PK AF Lynch, RS Willett, PK TI Bayesian classification using a noninformative prior and mislabeled training data SO JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE-ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE dirichlet; discrete data; multinomial; feature selection ID RECOGNITION AB The average probability of error is used to demonstrate the performance of a Bayesian classification test (referred to as the Combined Bayes Test (CBT)) when the training data of each class are mislabeled. The CBT combines the information in discrete training and test data to infer symbol probabilities, where a uniform Dirichlet prior (i.e., a noninformative prior of complete ignorance) is assumed for all classes. Using the CBT, classification performance is shown to degrade when mislabeling exists in the training data, and this occurs with a severity that depends upon the mislabeling probabilities. With this, it is shown that as the mislabeling probabilities increase M*, which is the best quantization fineness related to the Hughes phenomenon of pattern recognition, also increases. Notice, that even when the actual mislabeling probabilities are known by the CBT it is not possible to achieve the classification performance obtainable without mislabeling. However, the negative effect of mislabeling can be diminished, with more success for smaller mislabeling probabilities, if a data reduction method called the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm (BDRA) is applied to the training data. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Environm Acoust Signal Proc & Anal Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Lynch, RS (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Environm Acoust Signal Proc & Anal Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-0032 J9 J FRANKLIN I JI J. Frankl. Inst.-Eng. Appl. Math. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 336 IS 5 BP 809 EP 819 DI 10.1016/S0016-0032(99)00006-X PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA 211KU UT WOS:000081160800006 ER PT J AU Purnomo Bangs, MJ AF Purnomo Bangs, MJ TI Paraochoterenella javanensis gen. et sp n. (Filarioidea : Onchocercidae) from Rana cancrivora (Amphibia : Anura) in West Java, Indonesia SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Filarioidea; Onchocercidae; Waltonellinae; Paraochoterenella javanensis gen. et sp n.; taxonomic key; Rana cancrivora; Amphibia; Anura; Ranidae; morphology; Java; Indonesia AB Paraochoterenella javanensis gen. et sp. n. (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) is described from the mesentery of the frog Rana cancrivora Gravenhorst in West Java, Indonesia. Paraochoterenella javanensis presently represents the only species in this newly created genus. Three of 13 frogs contained mature male and female worms and microfilariae. Paraochoterenella is distinguished from the other 4 genera, Foleyellides Caballero, Ochoterenella Caballero, Madochotera Bain and Brunhes, and Paramadochotera Esslinger in the subfamily Waltonellinae Bain and Prod'hon by the presence of cuticularized parastomal structures in both sexes, a distinct cuticularized buccal capsule, the lack of both lateral and caudal alae, and the presence of scattered (nonoriented) minute bosses on the cuticle of the midbody region. The microfilariae are unsheathed and slightly narrowed at the caudal extremity, with a 10:1 length to width ratio. Paraochoterenella represents the second genus in the subfamily Waltonellinae present in southern Asia and the first report of a filarial species in the subfamily from an Indonesian amphibian. A revised key to the genera is presented in light of this new addition to the subfamily. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, APO, AP 96520 USA. RP Bangs, MJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Box 3,Unit 8132, APO, AP 96520 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 66 IS 2 BP 187 EP 193 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 224CB UT WOS:000081877900011 ER PT J AU Haltrin, VI AF Haltrin, VI TI Light-scattering coefficient of seawater for arbitrary concentrations of hydrosols SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION; MATTER; WATERS AB The scattering coefficient of water as a function of concentration of hydrosol particles is calculated. A new quantum-mechanical approach to calculate the multiple-scattering phenomenon in seawater is proposed. The approach is based on Maxwell's equations for the light fields in stochastically scattering water with hydrosols. The water is modeled as a thermally fluctuating medium filled with the particles. It is found that at small concentrations of scatterers the scattering coefficient is linear ill the concentration. At higher values of concentrations the dependence on the concentration may be approximated by a power law. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(99)01007-8]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Code 7331, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM haltrin@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1715 EP 1723 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.16.001715 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 212NP UT WOS:000081223300020 ER PT J AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, WW TI Branch-point-tolerant least-squares phase reconstructor SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Optical-Society-of-America Topical Meeting on Signal Recovery and Synthesis (SRS) CY JUN 09-11, 1998 CL KONA, HAWAII SP Opt Soc Amer ID PERFORMANCE; DIFFERENCE AB In reconstructing images from coherently illuminated objects, the far-field two-dimensional phase function in the entrance pupil plane (measurement plane) of a coherent imaging system haste contend with the presence of point discontinuities or branch points. The general class of least-squares phase reconstructors that use phase gradients (or phase differences) on a grid of points in the entrance pupil measurement plane fails to correctly determine the two-dimensional pupil phase when branch points are present. The phase estimation error results from the fact that the phase gradient or phase difference inputs to the least-squares reconstructor are being wrapped by the measurement system into the principal-value range [-pi, pi]. Recently, the existence and the determination of a hidden phase term was presented that accounts for branch-point effects [D. L. Fried, J. Opt. See. Am. A 15, 2759 (1998)]. Fried's hidden phase term is used in this study to present a branch-point-tolerant least-squares phase reconstructor for estimation of the two-dimensional measurement-plane phase function. Simulations of three different types of coherently illuminated object demonstrate the utility of this approach. The sensitivity of the reconstruction method to additive Gaussian noise is also presented. [S0740-3232(99)02707-6]. C1 USN Acad, Div Engn & Weap, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), USN Acad, Div Engn & Weap, Stop 14 A,590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Arrasmith, William/G-6949-2016 OI Arrasmith, William/0000-0002-2917-9775 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1864 EP 1872 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.16.001864 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 212NP UT WOS:000081223300038 ER PT J AU Cao, XA Ren, F Pearton, SJ Zeitouny, A Eizenberg, M Zolper, JC Abernathy, CR Han, J Shul, RJ Lothian, JR AF Cao, XA Ren, F Pearton, SJ Zeitouny, A Eizenberg, M Zolper, JC Abernathy, CR Han, J Shul, RJ Lothian, JR TI W and WSix Ohmic contacts on p- and n-type GaN SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY NOV 02-06, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-STABILITY; TEMPERATURE; NITRIDE; GROWTH; FILMS AB W and WSi Ohmic contacts on both p- and n-type GaN have been annealed at temperatures from 300 to 1000 degrees C. There is minimal reaction (less than or equal to 100 Angstrom broadening of the metal/GaN interface) even at 1000 degrees C. Specific contact resistances in the 10(-5) Ohm cm(2) range are obtained for WSi, on Si-implanted GaN with a peak doping concentration of similar to 5 x 10(20) cm(-3), after annealing at 950 degrees C. On p-GaN, leaky Schottky diode behavior is observed for W, WSix and Ni/Au contacts at room temperature, but true Ohmic characteristics are obtained at 250-300 degrees C, where the specific contact resistances are, typically, in the 10(-2) Ohm cm(2) range. The best contacts for W and WSix are obtained after 700 degrees C annealing for periods of 30-120 s. The formation of beta-W2N interfacial phases appear to be important in determining the contact quality. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(99)00204-3]. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Cao, XA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1221 EP 1225 DI 10.1116/1.581799 PN 1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 217DX UT WOS:000081485700026 ER PT J AU Wilson, RG Zavada, JM Cao, XA Singh, RK Pearton, SJ Guo, HJ Pennycock, SJ Fu, M Sekhar, JA Scarvepalli, V Shu, RJ Han, J Rieger, DJ Zolper, JC Abernathy, CR AF Wilson, RG Zavada, JM Cao, XA Singh, RK Pearton, SJ Guo, HJ Pennycock, SJ Fu, M Sekhar, JA Scarvepalli, V Shu, RJ Han, J Rieger, DJ Zolper, JC Abernathy, CR TI Redistribution and activation of implanted S, Se, Te, Be, Mg, and C in GaN SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY NOV 02-06, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID ION-IMPLANTATION; TEMPERATURE; DEFECTS AB A variety of different possible donor and acceptor impurities have been implanted into GaN and annealed up to 1450 degrees C. S+ and Te+ produce peak electron concentrations less than or equal to 5 X 10(18) cm(-3), well below that achievable with Si+. Mg produces p-type conductivity, but Be+- and C+- implanted samples remained n type. No redistribution was observed for any of the implanted species for 1450 degrees C annealing. Much more effective damage removal was achieved for 1400 degrees C annealing of high-dose (5 X 10(15) cm(-2)) Si+ implanted GaN, compared to the more commonly used 1100 degrees C annealing. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(99)01404-9]. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Micropyret Heaters Int Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1226 EP 1229 DI 10.1116/1.581800 PN 1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 217DX UT WOS:000081485700027 ER PT J AU Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ AF Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ TI Formation and characterization of metal atom nanostructures on Si(112) facet surfaces SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY NOV 02-06, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID GA; GROWTH; CHAINS; ENERGETICS; KINETICS AB Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and reflectance anisotropy (RA) have been used to study the formation of Ga or Al chains and nanowires on the Si(112) surface. The Ga or Al chains form on the step ledges by a self-limiting process at higher temperatures (>350 degrees C), while at lower temperatures, Ga or Al nanowires form on the terraces in addition to the chains on the ledges. The process has been tracked in real time from the rapid change Of the (2 x 1) Si(112) reconstruction under subcritical coverage to chain formation leading to a 5 x 1 reconstruction followed by a 6 x I reconstruction. During sequential deposition of Ga and Al, we observe(in RA and AES) that Ga atoms forming the chains can be replaced by Al. This indicates that the Al-Si bond is stronger than the Ga-Si bond and confirms the chemical sensitivity of the light scattering in RA. ow temperature depositions tin the 300 degrees C range) are shown to lead to the formation of Ga or Al metallic wires on the Si(111) terraces. Continued deposition of less than 10 monolayers at T below 250 degrees C leads to a very anisotropic but patterned Al or Ga structure in registry with the substrate which retains an unexpectedly large polarizability for coverages as thick as 40 monolayers. [S0734-2101(99)21104-9]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1410 EP 1414 DI 10.1116/1.581829 PN 1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 217DX UT WOS:000081485700060 ER PT J AU Dressick, WJ Dulcey, CS Brandow, SL Witschi, H Neeley, PF AF Dressick, WJ Dulcey, CS Brandow, SL Witschi, H Neeley, PF TI Proximity x-ray lithography of siloxane and polymer films containing benzyl chloride functional groups SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY NOV 02-06, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SELECTIVE ELECTROLESS METALLIZATION; METAL-DEPOSITION; FABRICATION; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; SURFACES; CATALYST; PROBE; SAMS AB Silicon wafers coated with films of (p-chloromethyl)phenyl-trichlorosilane or spun coated polyvinyl benzyl chloride were exposed at the University of Wisconsin synchrotron x-ray source using 0.9385 nm radiation (800 MeV) at doses ranging from 50 to 1500 mJ/cm(2). Exposure resulted in changes to the surface energy and chemical reactivity of the films. The loss of chlorine and formation of oxidized carbon photoproducts upon exposure was followed as a function of-dose using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy A corresponding change in surface energy, as monitored by static water contact angle, was also observed. The selective chemical grafting (reductive amination) of amine ligands to the portions of the siloxane and polymer films which have been exposed to proximity x rays definitively establishes the formation of surface aldehyde or ketone groups as an important photochemical pathway. The resulting surface amine was used to covalently bind either a fluorescent tag or a colloidal Pd (II) nanoparticle capable of initiating the selective deposition of electroless Ni in the irradiated regions of the film. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(99)11704-4]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Brandow, SL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 40 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1432 EP 1440 DI 10.1116/1.581833 PN 1 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 217DX UT WOS:000081485700065 ER PT J AU Nosho, BZ Weinberg, WH Barvosa-Carter, W Bracker, AS Magno, R Bennett, BR Culbertson, JC Shanabrook, BV Whitman, LJ AF Nosho, BZ Weinberg, WH Barvosa-Carter, W Bracker, AS Magno, R Bennett, BR Culbertson, JC Shanabrook, BV Whitman, LJ TI Characterization of AlSb/InAs surfaces and resonant tunneling devices SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI 26) CY JAN 17-21, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID INAS/ALSB SUPERLATTICES; DIODES; ALSB; RECONSTRUCTIONS; INTERFACES AB We have studied the evolution of AlSb-on-InAs(001) surfaces and interfaces grown by molecular-beam epitaxy using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. We find that forming InSb-like interfacial bonds on an InAs(001)-(2X4) surface creates surface roughness because the surface In coverage inherent to the (2X4) reconstruction is insufficient to form a complete InSb(001)-(1X3)-like surface layer. This morphological roughness can be eliminated by depositing additional In to compensate for the different compositions of the reconstructions. We have also grown three different 5-monolayer-thick films of AlSb on the InSb-like interface to study the effect of growth conditions on the film surface morphology. The AlSb surface can be improved by either raising the growth temperature or by growing the film using migration-enhanced epitaxy. Finally, we present electrical characterization of InAs/AlSb/GaSb resonant interband tunneling devices fabricated with different growth procedures. The possible effects of various growth procedures on interfacial quality and device properties are discussed. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)05404-9]. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Quantized Elect Struct, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nosho, BZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Quantized Elect Struct, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1786 EP 1790 DI 10.1116/1.590827 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 227LW UT WOS:000082082700083 ER EF