FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Seaver, M Todd, MD AF Seaver, M Todd, MD GP IEEE IEEE TI Noise in a phase sensitive strain monitoring system SO OFS 2002: 15TH OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS CONFERENCE TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference CY MAY 06-10, 2002 CL PORTLAND, OR SP IEEE, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID SCANNING FILTER; COUPLER; INTERFEROMETER; INTERROGATION C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seaver, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7289-1 PY 2002 BP 591 EP 594 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BU40F UT WOS:000175894300147 ER PT J AU Zhou, SB Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Zhou, SB Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Cooling load density optimization of an irreversible simple Brayton refrigerator SO OPEN SYSTEMS & INFORMATION DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-EXCHANGER INVENTORY; MAXIMUM POWER-DENSITY; OPTIMAL ALLOCATION; PERFORMANCE; PLANTS; ENGINE; CYCLES AB The performance optimization of an irreversible simple Brayton refrigerator coupled to constant-temperature heat reservoirs is carried out by taking the cooling load density, i.e., the ratio of cooling load to the maximum specific volume in the cycle, as the optimization objective using finite-time thermodynamics (FTT) or entropy generation minimization (EGM) in this paper. The analytical formulae about the relations between cooling load density and pressure ratio, as well as between coefficient of performance (COP) and pressure ratio are derived with the heat resistance losses in the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers, and the irreversible compression and expansion losses in the compressor and expander. The influences of the effectiveness of the heat, exchangers, the temperature ratio of the reservoirs, and the efficiencies of the compressor and expander on the cooling load density versus COP axe provided by numerical examples, The cooling load density optimization is performed by searching the optimum pressure ratio of the compressor, and searching the optimum distribution of heat conductance of the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers for the fixed total heat exchanger inventory. The influences of some design parameters, including the effectiveness of the heat exchangers between the working fluid and heat reservoirs, the efficiencies of compressor and expander, the temperature ratio of heat reservoirs, on the maximum cooling load density, the optimum heat conductance distribution and the optimum pressure ratio are provided by numerical examples. The refrigeration plant design with optimization leads to a smaller size including the compressor, expander, and the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1230-1612 J9 OPEN SYST INF DYN JI Open Syst. Inf. Dyn. PY 2002 VL 9 IS 4 BP 325 EP 337 DI 10.1023/A:1021854217387 PG 13 WC Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Physics; Mathematics GA 633DU UT WOS:000180267700003 ER PT J AU Hughes, CWP AF Hughes, CWP TI Navy operations research SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB This paper emphasizes OR'S utility to the U.S. Navy, as seen by its customers. Like many naval officers who subspecialized in operations research, the author was both producer and consumer of analysis toward improving fleet operations, Pentagon planning, and training effectiveness. Many of OR's unnoticed heroes are officers and Navy civilians who, then and now, could put operations analysis to best practical use. The paper reaches three conclusions, which (briefly) are: (1) The U.S. Navy could shift much analytical talent to improve fleet readiness and scarcely notice a loss of quality in Washington, (2) the benefit of Navy OR in the Pentagon was not so much in formal decision making as it was in educating a stream of future leaders about the state of the Navy and cost-constrained possible future states, and (3) the distinguishing contribution of all OR has been and still is in helping executives make better, timely decisions by applying our special art of quantitative analysis, and only incidentally in the fidelity or complexity of the models and other tools we employ. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hughes, CWP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 50 IS 1 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1287/opre.50.1.103.17786 PG 9 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 530CF UT WOS:000174337500017 ER PT S AU Kuno, M Higginson, KA Bonevich, JE Qadri, SB Yousuf, M Mattoussi, H AF Kuno, M Higginson, KA Bonevich, JE Qadri, SB Yousuf, M Mattoussi, H BE Gaburro, Z TI Synthesis and characterization of colloidal mercury chalcogenide quantum dots SO OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Properties of Nanocrystals CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture DE HgS; HgSe; mercury chalcogenides; II-VI materials; nanocrystal; quantum dot ID CDS NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; EXCITON; SEMICONDUCTORS; LUMINESCENCE; ASSIGNMENT; SULFIDES; BAND; DARK; HGS AB We describe the synthesis of high quality colloidal mercury chalcogenide quantum dots (QDs) using a combination of strong Hg(II) coordinating ligands and precursor phase separation. This synthetic strategy provides a means of controlling the growth kinetics of mercury based II-VI QDs and addresses some of the problems which have heretofore made the synthesis of such compounds difficult. In particular, the simultaneous use of mercury coordinating ligands and precursor phase separation overcomes both the rapid precipitation of bulk mercury chalcogenides that occurs when only weak Hg(II) ligands are used and the reduction of Hg(II) when a strong ligand/high temperature combination is pursued. In the case of both HgS and HgSe this scheme has yielded one of the first examples of high quality mercury chalcogenide QDs to date. The linear absorption and emission of HgS is size-dependent and ranges from 500 nm to 800 nm with corresponding sizes between 1 to 5 nm in diameter. For HgSe the band edge absorption/emission are also size dependent, ranging from 600 to 900 nm. The zincblende phase of both HgS and HgSe QDs is determined from wide angle x-ray diffraction experiments and reveals potentially large (band edge) spectral tunabilities for either material given their zero or slightly negative (bulk) band gaps. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kuno, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kuno, Masaru/K-2673-2012; Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4576-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4808 BP 146 EP 155 DI 10.1117/12.452245 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV72Z UT WOS:000179913200016 ER PT J AU Campillo, AJ AF Campillo, AJ TI Message from the incoming editor SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Campillo, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 1 BP 5 EP 5 DI 10.1364/OL.27.000005 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 504ZP UT WOS:000172886500002 PM 18007697 ER PT S AU Palilis, LC Murata, H Makinen, AJ Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH AF Palilis, LC Murata, H Makinen, AJ Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH BE Jabbour, GE Carter, SA Kido, J Lee, ST Sariciftci, NS TI Efficient blue-green molecular organic light emitting diodes based on novel silole derivatives SO ORGANIC AND POLYMERIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES-OPTICAL, ELECTRICAL AND OPTOELECTRONIC PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Organic and Polymeric Materials and Devices-Optical, Electrical and Optoelectronic Properties held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; OXADIAZOLE; MOBILITY AB We report on highly efficient molecular organic light-emitting diodes (MOLEDs) using two novel silole derivatives as emissive and electron transport materials. A silole derivative, namely 2,5-di-(3-biphenyl)-1, 1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylsilacyclopentadiene (PPSPP), which shows blue fluorescence with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 85% in the solid state, was used as the emissive material. Another silole derivative, namely 2,5-bis-(2',2"-bipyridin-6-yl)-1, 1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenyisilacyclopentadiene (PyPySPyPy), that exhibits a non-dispersive high electron mobility of 2x10(-4) cm(2)/Vsec was used as the electron transport material. MOLEDs using these two siloles and a common hole transport material show blue-green emission centered at 495 run. This red-shifted electroluminescence (EL) band relative to the blue fluorescence of PPSPP is assigned to a PPSPP:NPB exciplex. A low operating voltage of 4.5 V was measured at a luminance of 100 cd/m(2) and an EL quantum efficiency of 3.4% was achieved at 100 A/m(2). To our knowledge, this is the highest EL quantum efficiency ever reported based on exciplex emission. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kafafi, ZH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-661-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 725 BP 19 EP 30 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV55Y UT WOS:000179344900003 ER PT S AU Kim, WH Makinen, AJ Nikolov, N Shashidhar, R Kim, H Kafafi, ZH AF Kim, WH Makinen, AJ Nikolov, N Shashidhar, R Kim, H Kafafi, ZH BE Kafafi, ZH TI Molecular organic light emitting diodes using highly conductive and transparent polymeric anodes SO ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices V CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs); conducting polymer (PEDOT : PSS); electrode; indium tin oxide (ITO); polymeric anode ID INDIUM-TIN-OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; VOLTAGE; DEVICES AB Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) aqueous dispersion (PEDOT:PSS) is a highly conductive polymer. Attempts to utilize them as an anode in an organic light emitting diode have been made but a satisfactory result was not obtained due to low device efficiency caused by the relatively high surface resistance and poor optical transparency. We recently reported that the conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS (Baytron P by Bayer) was dramatically increased without losing the optical transparency by addition of a small amount of a polyalcohol.((1)) Here, we present the improved I-V-L characteristics of the molecular organic light emitting diodes fabricated using the highly conductive and transparent PEDOT:PSS as an anode. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, WH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4178-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4464 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1117/12.457500 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU20P UT WOS:000175311000010 ER PT S AU Makinen, AJ Hill, IG Kafafi, ZH AF Makinen, AJ Hill, IG Kafafi, ZH BE Kafafi, ZH TI Photoemission studies of organic phosphors doped in electron and hole transport hosts SO ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices V CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE small molecule; interface; photoemission; OLED; organic phosphor; guest-host system ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; ELECTROPHOSPHORESCENCE; EMISSION AB Using a combination of ultraviolet and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies (UPS, XPS), we have studied the relative energy level alignment of two phosphorescent guest molecules, 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine platinum (PtOEP) and tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium (Ir(ppy)(3)), doped in an electron transport host, tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (III) (Alq(3)), and in a hole transport host, 4,4'-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl (CBP). In each of the guest-host systems, we find that the vacuum levels of the guest and the host molecules align, and that the position of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the phosphorescent guest is independent of the guest molecule concentration (0.8 - 56% by mass) in the composite films. These results are used to shed light on possible electroluminescence mechanism(s) in the emissive layer of an organic light-emitting device utilizing the studied guest-host structures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Makinen, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4178-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4464 BP 157 EP 162 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU20P UT WOS:000175311000018 ER PT S AU Makinen, AJ Kim, WH Hill, IG Shashidhar, R Nikolov, N Kafafi, ZH AF Makinen, AJ Kim, WH Hill, IG Shashidhar, R Nikolov, N Kafafi, ZH BE Kafafi, ZH TI Hole injection energetics at highly conducting polymer anode - small molecule interfaces studied with photoemission spectroscopy SO ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices V CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE polymer; small molecule; interface; photoemission; OLED ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ENERGY-LEVEL ALIGNMENT; INDIUM TIN OXIDE; POLYANILINE; TRANSPORT AB We report a photoemission study of the interfaces between spin-cast films of a new variation of a polymer blend consisting of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxy- thiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and glycerol as an additive, and vacuum-evaporated hole transport layers (HTL) of 4,4'-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl (CBP), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-1- 1'biphenyl-4,4'diamine (alpha-NPD) and N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD). The hole injection barrier, as deduced from photoemission spectroscopy, is 0.5 - 0.9 eV at the PEDOT-PSS / HTL interface, which compares very well with the previously reported barrier heights for oxygen plasma -treated indium-tin oxide (ITO)/alpha-NPD and ITO/TPD interfaces, and which is, most notably, a factor of two smaller than barriers measured for a PEDOT-PSS/hole-transporting luminescent polymer, e.g. poly(bis-(2-dimethyloctylsilyl)-1,4-phenylvinylene, interface. The measured energy barriers imply a sufficiently efficient charge injection at the studied PEDOT-PSS/HTL interface, which is very encouraging for further development of anode structures based on similar conducting polymer blends and chemically modified structures to be utilized in molecular organic light-emitting device applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Makinen, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4178-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4464 BP 172 EP 177 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU20P UT WOS:000175311000020 ER PT S AU Kushto, GP Kafafi, ZH AF Kushto, GP Kafafi, ZH BE Kafafi, ZH TI Characterization of the chemistry that occurs at the Alq(3)/alkali metal halide heterointerface using quantum chemical analyses SO ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices V CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE aluminum; lithium fluoride; cesium fluoride; density functional theory; Alq(3); isomers; molecular orbitals ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ENHANCED ELECTRON INJECTION; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; LIF; DEVICES; INTERFACES; ENERGY; ALQ(3) AB Investigations into the lithium fluoride and cesium fluoride/tris(quinolin-8-olato) aluminum (LiF-Alq(3) or CsF-Alq(3)) Lewis acid-Lewis base pairs have been undertaken using hybrid density functional calculations. The results of the calculations clearly show that there is a strong interaction that occurs between the metal fluoride and both the facial and the meridional isomers of Alq(3). This strong interaction has the effect of modifying the electronic structure of Alq3 and can be thought of as the first step in the formation of the highly effective Alq(3)/Metal Halide/Al electron injection contact. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kushto, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4178-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4464 BP 374 EP 382 DI 10.1117/12.457462 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU20P UT WOS:000175311000044 ER PT S AU Picciolo, LC Murata, H Gondarenko, A Noda, T Shirota, Y Eaton, DL Anthony, JE Kafafi, ZH AF Picciolo, LC Murata, H Gondarenko, A Noda, T Shirota, Y Eaton, DL Anthony, JE Kafafi, ZH BE Kafafi, ZH TI RGB emission using a dimesitylboryl-bithiophene derivative as a universal host and pentacene derivatives as the red emitters SO ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices V CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE organic light emitting devices; RGB; universal host; red emitter; electroluminescence; pentacene derivatives; polyaromatic hydrocarbon; Alq(3); dopant; guest-host system; photoluminescence quantum yield ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; EUROPIUM COMPLEX; DIODES; BRIGHT; FILMS AB Phenyl, ethynyl-silyl and ethynyl-alkyl derivatives of pentacene have been optically characterized and their use as potential red emitters in organic light emitting devices is investigated. Tuning of the red emission wavelength and photoluminescence quantum efficiency (phi(pI)) is achieved by modifying the substituent and its position on the pentacene backbone. A red shift in the emission maxima (lambda(max)) is observed upon addition of more phenyl groups or changing from a phenyl to an ethynyl-R due to an increase in pi-conjugation. For example, the lambda(max) of 6,13-diphenylpentacene (DPP) is 617 nm compared to 630 nm for 5,7,12,14-tetraphenylpentacene (TPP). Similarly, the diethynyl pentacene derivatives have a red shifted lambda(max) (638 nm), relative to that of DPP, due to the greater conjugation associated with the triple bond of the ethynyl group. DPP is explored as a red emitter in a universal blue host due to its ideal red chromaticity and good phi(pl). Red and green emission is achieved in multi-layered devices through the incorporation of an emitting layer based on a blue-emitting/electron transporting universal host, 5,5'-bis(dimesitylboryl)-2,2-bithophene (BMB-2T), doped with fluorescent red and green emitters, respectively. Blue emission can be obtained from the host BMB-2T, or from the adjacent hole transporter. A hole-blocking layer is used for the latter case to force electron and hole recombination in the hole transporting layer. The host and guest molecules are selected in order to take advantage of two electroluminescence mechanisms, energy transfer from host to guest and direct carrier recombination on the guest molecules. Hence, one can tune the emission color while maintaining high device efficiency. This approach is also technologically advantageous because it minimizes the number of materials used, reduces cross contamination and production costs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Picciolo, LC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012; OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652; Anthony, John/0000-0002-8972-1888 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4178-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4464 BP 383 EP 395 DI 10.1117/12.457501 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU20P UT WOS:000175311000045 ER PT S AU Palilis, LC Makinen, AJ Murata, H Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH AF Palilis, LC Makinen, AJ Murata, H Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH BE Kafafi, ZH Antoniadis, H TI Efficient molecular organic light-emitting diodes based on silole derivatives SO ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices VI CY JUL 08-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE ID ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; IMPROVED STABILITY; MOBILITY; ALUMINUM AB We report the performance of molecular organic fight-emitting diodes (MOLEDs) using silole derivatives as emissive and electron transport materials. Two siloles, namely 2,5-di-(3-biphenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylsilacyclopentadiene (PPSPP) and l,2-bis(1-methyl-2,3,4,5,tetraphenylsilacyclopentadienyl)ethane (2PSP), with high PL quantum yields of 94% and 85%, respectively, were used as emissive materials. Another silole, namely 2,5-bis-(2',2"-bipyridin-6-yl)-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylsilacyclopentadiene (PyPySPyPy), was used as the electron transport material. MOLEDs using these two siloles and NPB as the hole transport material show a low operating voltage of approximately 4.5 V at a luminance of 100 cd/m(2) and high external 2 electroluminescence (EL) quantum efficiencies of 3.4% and 3.8%, respectively, at 100 A/m(2). MOLEDs based on PPSPP exhibit a red-shifted EL spectrum which is assigned to an exciplex formed at the PPSPP:NPB interface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Palilis, LC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4568-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4800 BP 256 EP 270 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Polymer Science GA BW49B UT WOS:000182158900030 ER PT S AU Herman, WN Hayden, LM AF Herman, WN Hayden, LM BE Armistead, JP Heflin, JR Jen, AKY Norwood, RA TI Maker fringes revisited: second-harmonic generation from birefringent or absorbing materials SO ORGANIC THIN FILM FOR PHOTONIC APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications CY OCT 15-17, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Opt Soc Amer ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYMERS; FILMS AB We present a new formulation of Maker fringes in parallel-surface films, using self-consistent boundary conditions for reflections and allowing for any degree of refractive-index dispersion. This treatment of the second-harmonic reflections and dispersion, unlike a number of previous derivations, leads correctly to the expected form for the effective second-harmonic d coefficients. Complete expressions with physically meaningful factors are given for the generated second-harmonic power for either absorbing or birefringent films including reflections for the case of no pump depletion. A comparison with the isotropic approximation is given, and practical considerations in the use of these expressions for the fitting of experimental data are discussed. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. RP Herman, WN (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-685-0 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2002 VL 64 BP 39 EP 50 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BX30C UT WOS:000184857500007 ER PT S AU Irvin, JA Irvin, DJ Chafin, AP Guenthner, AJ Lindsay, GA Wright, ME Herman, WN AF Irvin, JA Irvin, DJ Chafin, AP Guenthner, AJ Lindsay, GA Wright, ME Herman, WN BE Armistead, JP Heflin, JR Jen, AKY Norwood, RA TI Synthesis and characterization of chiral conjugated polymers for optical waveguides SO ORGANIC THIN FILM FOR PHOTONIC APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications CY OCT 15-17, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Opt Soc Amer ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; POLY(3-ALKYLTHIOPHENES); GENERATION; FREQUENCY; FILM AB In the pursuit of new photonic devices, the unique waveguide properties of chiral films made from single-handed helical molecules are under investigation. The synthesis of polymers with a hierarchical structure is the first step. In this paper we present results on the synthesis and characterization of poly(p-phenylenes) (PPPs) and polythiophenes, possessing amine and amide chiral side-chains. A regioirregular PPP possessing one chiral side group per repeat unit was prepared. Regioregular PPPs possessing two chiral side groups per repeat unit were also synthesized; however, lower molecular weights were achieved due to steric constraints. The PPPs exhibited total optical rotation that was a function of the concentration of the chiral side group; with 352 per chiral group or 70degrees per repeat unit. A regioirregular polythiophene was prepared using oxidative polymerization. A molecular structure that leads to helical polymer chains that undergo supramolecular packing in spin-cast films is the goal. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Irvin, JA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, 1 Adm Circle,Code 4T4220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RI Irvin, Jennifer/C-7968-2013 OI Irvin, Jennifer/0000-0003-3500-8419 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-685-0 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2002 VL 64 BP 88 EP 92 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BX30C UT WOS:000184857500014 ER PT B AU McMahon, MM AF McMahon, MM BE Smari, WW Guizani, M TI Development of a string metric for dynamic authentication SO PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISCA 15th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Systems CY SEP 19-21, 2002 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Int Soc Comp & Their Applicat DE network security; intrusion detection; dynamic authorization. AB Networks are now essential for everyday communication and commerce. Passwords provide a static means of authentication. The passwords that users choose, use, and protect, remain one of the most vulnerable aspects of using a network. A compromised pass,word permits a masquerader to enjoy all the privileges of the account owner. Misuse may not be detectable in real-time; it may only be apparent after damage to files, systems, commercial property, or privacy has occurred. By using a dynamic form of authentication, intruders may be uncovered while attempting to gain access. User behavior can be characterized by the commands used, the order of those commands and the timing between them. Each user's behavior is captured in an expanded, probabilistic automaton. Dynamic authentication compares current input to the historical information for all authorized users of the system using Bayes' Theorem. The string metric is one of several possible discriminators based on the information available. An intruder performing different commands in a different order from the authorized user will not match the behavior stored in that user's automaton, and that user will fail the authentication process. This article discusses the modeling of users, and the definition of one metric for dynamic authentication, the string metric. The sequence of experiments performed to define and refine the string metric is presented. The metric progressed from being applied to five, then twelve users, and most recently to twenty users. Results show that the average identification of users increases slightly as the number of users increases. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McMahon, MM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY COMPUTER S & THEIR APPLICATIONS (ISCA) PI RALEIGH PA 8820 SIX FORKS ROAD, RALEIGH, NC 27615 USA BN 1-880843-44-7 PY 2002 BP 455 EP 461 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BV69E UT WOS:000179776300074 ER PT B AU McMahon, MM Datko, JB Needham, DM AF McMahon, MM Datko, JB Needham, DM BE Smari, WW Guizani, M TI An authentication scheme for a Jini-based ad hoc network SO PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISCA 15th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Systems CY SEP 19-21, 2002 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Int Soc Comp & Their Applicat DE distributed computing; mobile networking; ad hoc networking; mobile; network security. AB Ad hoc networks provide a low-latency, high bandwidth, and dynamically reconfigurable network infrastructure that can disclose the full potential of the network to the user. Use of Jini technology in an ad hoc environment allows the user to enter a network and become a user of services without apriori knowledge of the existence of the network or its services. However, Jini lacks security provisions for entry into the network. This paper presents an algorithm that provides a foundation for secure, ad hoc joining of a distributed, mobile, wireless network based on Jini architecture. We also present the description of a Java-based implementation of certification authority hierarchy to support the authentication process. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McMahon, MM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY COMPUTER S & THEIR APPLICATIONS (ISCA) PI RALEIGH PA 8820 SIX FORKS ROAD, RALEIGH, NC 27615 USA BN 1-880843-44-7 PY 2002 BP 462 EP 467 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BV69E UT WOS:000179776300075 ER PT S AU Seely, JF Hudson, LT Weaver, JL Holland, GE Boyer, CN AF Seely, JF Hudson, LT Weaver, JL Holland, GE Boyer, CN BE Barber, HB Roehrig, H Doty, FP Morton, EJ TI X-ray spectroscopy and calibrations in the 50 eV to 60 keV range SO PENETRATING RADIATION SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Penetrating Radiation Systems and Applications IV CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol, Washington Technol Ctr DE X-ray spectroscopy; extreme ultraviolet; transmission grating; photodiode; transmission crystal; reflection crystal ID SPECTROMETER; FACILITY AB Spectrometers have been developed to record x-ray spectra in the energy range 50 eV to 60 keV. The dispersion elements are transmission crystals for energies higher than approximately 10 keV, reflection crystals for I keV to 20 keV, and transmission gratings for energies less than 1 keV. The two-dimensional spectral images are recorded on a CCD or CMOS sensor with a phosphor conversion screen. Silicon photodiodes are positioned in front of the 2D sensor to provide absolute x-ray flux calibrations. The diodes have 1 mm(2) area and sub-nanosecond time response. The diodes, transmission gratings, and attenuation filters were absolutely calibrated using synchrotron radiation. In addition, the diodes were calibrated in pulsed mode using the soft x-ray (70 eV to 250 eV) pulses from individual electron bunches circulating in the synchrotron storage ring, and a self-calibration model extends the calibration to higher energy. X-ray and extreme ultraviolet spectra were recorded at the OMEGA and NIKE laser facilities. A hard x-ray spectrometer is being built for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) that covers the 1 keV to 20 keV range with one transmission crystal channel and four reflection crystal channels. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4553-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4786 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1117/12.451750 PG 6 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV78D UT WOS:000179996600018 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Beal, EJ Hughes, JM Bonde, SE Gore, WL Dolbear, GE AF Mushrush, GW Beal, EJ Hughes, JM Bonde, SE Gore, WL Dolbear, GE TI Stability studies of a jet fuel containing no organo-sulfur compounds SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE jet fuel; instability; incompatibility; organo-sulfur ID SEDIMENT FORMATION; STORAGE STABILITY AB Instability, incompatibility, phase separation, or sludge-sediment formation are all terms that denote fuel degradation. Middle distillate fuels continue to have significant instability problems. Specific chemical reaction pathways that initiate the reactions that in turn lead to fuel instability and incompatibility are difficult to isolate. Results from our laboratory indicated that the sedimentation process can be modeled by considering various organo-sulfur oxidation products. These reactions are initiated by a hydroperoxide induced oxidation process. The present research is directed toward a stability study of a jet fuel that has been processed to contain zero weight percent sulfur. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. Petro Star Inc, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. GE Dolbear & Associates, Diamond Bar, CA 91765 USA. RP Mushrush, GW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Code 6121, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1091-6466 J9 PETROL SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 20 IS 5-6 BP 561 EP 570 DI 10.1081/LFT-120003580 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 571PJ UT WOS:000176725500009 ER PT J AU Hughes, JM Mushrush, GW Hardy, DR AF Hughes, JM Mushrush, GW Hardy, DR TI Base extraction to remove the components contributing to lubricity in a middle distillate fuel SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB With increased environmental demands for cleaner burning fuels, the use of severe hydrotreating has become commonplace in many of the world's refineries. In order to reduce sulfur and aromatic levels, this hydrotreating has brought about the removal of surface-active species that afford a fuel its inherent lubricity. The result is excessive wear of engine component parts that rely of this lubricity. For over 10 years, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has been working on establishing methods to adequately assess the lubricating properties of petroleum fuels. The currently accepted methods involve mechanical bench testing. In the present research, a chemical method, base extraction, followed by gc analysis has been investigated. This technique appears promising in correlating with the traditional methods used for assessing lubricity of middle distillate fuels. C1 Geocenters Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Hughes, JM (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, 4640 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1091-6466 J9 PETROL SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 20 IS 7-8 BP 809 EP 817 DI 10.1081/LFT-120003714 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 581WT UT WOS:000177317900010 ER PT J AU Akdim, B Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ AF Akdim, B Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ TI Tight-binding description of the electronic structure and total energy of tin SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID INDIUM ANTIMONIDE; PRESSURE; METALS; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; SILICON AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) tight-binding (TB) method was applied to tin, a material which is known to exist in the diamond structure (alpha-Sn) at zero temperature and low pressures. A small change in the pressure drives tin to the beta-Sn structure, which is stable up to 9.5 GPa at room temperature. In this paper we present the NRL-TB parameterization for tin, applying it to the study of the bulk properties of both alpha-Sn and beta-Sn. The parameters were determined by fitting to a database of first-principles band structures and total energies, generated using the general potential linearized augmented plane-wave method for the fcc, bcc, sc and diamond structures, with limited information from calculations of the beta-Sn phase. We report the success of this method in predicting the two stable structures alpha-Sn and beta-Sn in the correct order, even though these structures have a small energy difference. We also discuss the NRL-TB method's ability to calculate electronic band structures and density of states. We confirm the semimetallic and metallic character for the alpha-Sn and bcc phases respectively. We also calculate the elastic constants of alpha-Sn and beta-Sn, as well as several high-symmetry point phonon frequencies of alpha-Sn and compare our results with experiment. Finally, TB molecular dynamics calculations are used to explore the behaviour of tin at finite temperatures. We compute the temperature dependence of the Debye-Waller B factor, finding it to be consistent with experiment up to room temperature. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mehl@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 BP 47 EP 61 DI 10.1080/13642810110069288 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 513UJ UT WOS:000173397600004 ER PT J AU Feldman, JL Hellberg, CS Viliani, G Garber, W Tangerman, FM AF Feldman, JL Hellberg, CS Viliani, G Garber, W Tangerman, FM TI Local dynamic properties SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Disordered Systems CY MAR 12-15, 2001 CL ANDALO, ITALY ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON; GLASSES; SYSTEMS AB Local elastic and dynamic properties of a 4096-atom model of amorphous silicon within the Stillinger-Weber potential are discussed. In particular the recently introduced frustration parameter, mean square displacements and Einstein frequencies are calculated. It is obtained that the isotropy associated with the Einstein frequencies is considerably less than that associated with the mean square displacements. It is also seen that the distribution function for the squares of the Einstein frequencies is symmetric whereas that related to the mean square displacements is strongly skewed to high values. In addition, the Keating potential is considered in an attempt to estimate the power of Q in the linewidth of the low-frequency dynamic structure factor for models of amorphous silicon. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Trent, Dipartimento Fis, I-38050 Trent, Italy. Univ Trent, INFM, I-38050 Trent, Italy. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Feldman, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 2 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1080/13642810208208536 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 514CM UT WOS:000173420500004 ER PT J AU Liu, X Photiadis, DM Wu, HD Chrisey, DB Pohl, RO Crandall, RS AF Liu, X Photiadis, DM Wu, HD Chrisey, DB Pohl, RO Crandall, RS TI Disorder in tetrahedrally bonded amorphous solids SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Disordered Systems CY MAR 12-15, 2001 CL ANDALO, ITALY ID LOW-ENERGY EXCITATIONS; LOW H-CONTENT; A-SI-H; LOW-TEMPERATURES; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; HYDROGENATED SILICON; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; INTERNAL-FRICTION; GLASSES; FILMS AB We have recently found that the density of the low-energy excitations in amorphous silicon films and, in particular, in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films can decrease by over three orders of magnitude, to a level of complete disappearance in certain cases from that observed in all other amorphous solids. This observation breaks down the universality of these excitations in amorphous solids. Extending this study, we have measured the low-temperature internal friction of a variety of a-Si: H films, hydrogenated amorphous germanium films and amorphous carbon films, under different deposition conditions or post-annealing treatments. We find that the density of the low-energy excitations in these systems is smaller than in all other amorphous solids, and that they vary considerably between different films. We attribute this property to be a unique feature of their tetrahedral bonding, where the overconstrained structure restricts the tunnelling motion of atoms. We conclude that the low-energy excitations in tetrahedrally bonded amorphous solids are sensitive to the existence of local floppy modes caused by structural inhomogeneity. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 2 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.1080/13642810110084597 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 514CM UT WOS:000173420500009 ER PT S AU Ringeisen, BR Kim, HS Young, HD Spargo, BJ Auyeung, RCY Pique, A Chrisey, D AF Ringeisen, BR Kim, HS Young, HD Spargo, BJ Auyeung, RCY Pique, A Chrisey, D BE Sugioka, K Gower, MC Haglund, RF Pique, A Dubowski, JJ Hoving, W TI Cell-by-cell construction of living tissue SO PHOTON PROCESSING IN MICROELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photon Processing in Microelectronics and Photonics CY JAN 21-24, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, AIR Force Sci Res DE tissue engineering; direct write technology; MAPLE DW; cell Patterning; protein microarray; laser processing; laser-tissue interaction ID OXIDE STRUCTURES; LASER; SURFACE; KERATINOCYTES; RECONSTITUTE; MONOLAYERS; EPIDERMIS; CARTILAGE; POLYMERS; MODEL AB This paper outlines investigations into a potentially revolutionary approach to tissue engineering. Tissue is a complex three-dimensional structure that contains many different biomaterials such as cells, proteins, and extracellular matrix molecules that are ordered in a very precise way to serve specific functions. In order to replicate such complex structure, it is necessary to have a tool that could deposit all these materials in an accurate and controlled fashion. Most methods to fabricate living three-dimensional structures involve techniques to engineer biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolding, which is then seeded with living cells to form tissue. This scaffolding gives the tissue needed support, but the resulting tissue inherently has no microscopic cellular structure because cells are injected into the scaffolding where they adhere at random. We have developed a novel technique that actually engineers tissue, not scaffolding, that includes the mesoscopic cellular structure inherent in natural tissues. This approach uses a laser-based rapid prototyping system known as matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write (MAPLE DW) to construct living tissue cell-by-cell. This manuscript details our efforts to rapidly and reproducibly fabricate complex 2D and 3D tissue structures with MAPLE-DW by placing different cells and biomaterials accurately and adherently on the mesoscopic scale. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Codes 6372 & 6115, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4376-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4637 BP 341 EP 352 DI 10.1117/12.470640 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU94R UT WOS:000177443500037 ER PT S AU Arnold, CB Wartena, RC Pratap, B Swider-Lyons, KE Pique, A AF Arnold, CB Wartena, RC Pratap, B Swider-Lyons, KE Pique, A BE Sugioka, K Gower, MC Haglund, RF Pique, A Dubowski, JJ Hoving, W TI Direct writing of planar ultracapacitors by laser forward transfer processing SO PHOTON PROCESSING IN MICROELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photon Processing in Microelectronics and Photonics CY JAN 21-24, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, AIR Force Sci Res DE laser direct write; laser micromachining; MAPLE-DW; microbattery; electrochemical capacitor; supercapacitor; pseudocapacitor; hydrous ruthenium oxide; RuO2 ID ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; RUTHENIUM OXIDE; SUPERCAPACITOR; STORAGE; CHARGE AB We employ a novel laser forward transfer process, Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation Direct Write (MAPLE-DW), in combination with ultraviolet laser micromachining, to fabricate mesoscale ultracapacitors and microbatteries under ambient temperature and atmospheric conditions. Our laser engineering approach enables the deposition of hydrous ruthenium oxide (RuOxHy or RuO2 . xH(2)O) films with the desired high surface area morphology, without compromising the electrochemical performance of this high specific capacitance material. We compare three different deposition formulations incorporating ethylene glycol, glycerol, or sulfuric acid. The best electrochemical performance is achieved using a mixture of sulfuric acid with RuO2 . 0.5 H2O electrode material. Our ultracapacitors exhibit the expected linear discharge behavior under a constant current drain, and the electrochemical properties of these cells scale proportionately when combined in parallel and series. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Arnold, CB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Code 6372, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4376-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4637 BP 353 EP 360 DI 10.1117/12.470641 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU94R UT WOS:000177443500038 ER PT S AU Pique, A Weir, DW Wu, PK Pratap, B Arnold, CB Ringeisen, BR McGill, RA Auyeung, RCY Kant, RA Chrisey, DB AF Pique, A Weir, DW Wu, PK Pratap, B Arnold, CB Ringeisen, BR McGill, RA Auyeung, RCY Kant, RA Chrisey, DB BE Sugioka, K Gower, MC Haglund, RF Pique, A Dubowski, JJ Hoving, W TI Direct-write of sensor devices by a laser forward transfer technique SO PHOTON PROCESSING IN MICROELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photon Processing in Microelectronics and Photonics CY JAN 21-24, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, AIR Force Sci Res DE MAPLE direct-write; laser transfer; direct-write of sensor materials; temperature sensors; biological sensors; chemical sensors; chemiresistor ID CIRCUIT ELEMENTS; ELECTRONIC NOSE AB The use of direct-write techniques in the design and manufacture of sensor devices provides a flexible approach for next generation commercial and defense sensor applications. Using a laser forward transfer technique,, we have demonstrated the ability to rapidly prototype temperature, biological and chemical sensor devices. This process, known as matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct-write or MAPLE DW is compatible with a broad class of materials ranging from metals and electronic ceramics to chemoselective polymers and biomaterials. Various types of miniature sensor designs have been fabricated incorporating different materials such as metals, polymers, biomaterials or composites as multilayers or discrete structures on a single substrate. The MAPLE DW process is computer controlled which allows the sensor design to be easily modified and adapted to any specific application. To illustrate the potential of this technique, a functional chemical sensor system is demonstrated by fabricating all the passive and sensor components by MAPLE DW on a polyimide substrate. Additional devices fabricated by MAPLE DW including biosensors and temperature sensors and their performance are shown to illustrate the breadth of MAPLE DW and how this technique may influence current and future sensor applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4376-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4637 BP 361 EP 368 DI 10.1117/12.470642 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU94R UT WOS:000177443500039 ER PT J AU Lebedev, N Timko, MP AF Lebedev, N Timko, MP TI POR structural domains important for the enzyme activity in R-capsulatus complementation system SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll biosynthesis; light regulation; NADPH : protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase; porphyrin metabolism ID NADPH-PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE; ALANINE-SCANNING MUTAGENESIS; 77-K FLUORESCENCE EMISSION; PISUM-SATIVUM L; CHLOROPHYLL BIOSYNTHESIS; RHODOBACTER-CAPSULATUS; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; GENES; PURIFICATION AB NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) catalyzes hydrogen transfer from NADPH to protochlorophyllide (PChlide) in the course of chlorophyll biosynthesis in photosynthetic organisms and is involved in the regulation of the development of photosynthetic apparatus in higher plants, algae and cyanobacteria. To approach molecular factors determining the enzyme activity in a living cell, several mutants of POR from pea (Pisum sativum) with site-directed modifications in different parts of the enzyme were generated. The mutant enzymes were expressed in a R. capsulatus mutant deficient in BChl biosynthesis, and their catalytic activity and ability to integrate in bacterial metabolism were analyzed. Our results demonstrate that in heterologous bacterial cell system, higher plant POR is integrated in the porphyrin biosynthesis network and its activity leads to the formation of photosynthetic chlorophyll-proteins (CPs). The study of POR mutants in R. capsulatus reveals several POR domains important for the association of the enzyme with other subcellular components and for its catalytic activity, including identification of putative enzyme reaction center and substrate binding site. The study also demonstrated that an unknown structural factor is important for the formation of the enzyme photoactive complex in etiolated plants. Moreover, our findings suggest that POR might be directly involved in the regulation of the metabolism of other porphyrins. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lebedev, N (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Gilmer Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PY 2002 VL 74 IS 2 BP 153 EP 163 DI 10.1023/A:1020999325065 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 611EJ UT WOS:000179003200006 ER PT J AU Lampe, M Gavrishchaka, V Ganguli, G Joyce, G AF Lampe, M Gavrishchaka, V Ganguli, G Joyce, G TI Trapped-ion effect on charging of a dust grain in plasma, and shielding around the grain SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Conference on Plasma Pysics CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL UNIV ALGARVE, FARO, PORTUGAL HO UNIV ALGARVE ID MOTION-LIMITED THEORY; PARTICLES AB In previous calculations of the shielding around a dust grain in a plasma. the ion and electron currents to the grain, and the charge acquired by the grain, the plasma ions have typically been assumed collisionless. We show that the inclusion of ion charge-exchange collisions enormously changes this physics, by creating a class of negative-energy trapped ions. Under typical dusty, plasma conditions. these trapped ions slowly accumulate, and in steady state they dominate the shielding cloud in the nonlinear region near a dust grain. greatly increase the ion current to the grain. and reduce the negative charge acquired by the grain. We present a self-consistent analytic calculation of the grain charge, plasma currents, and shielded potential. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Lampe, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2002 VL T98 BP 91 EP 94 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 549AZ UT WOS:000175423500019 ER PT J AU Goldman, ER Balighian, ED Kuno, MK Labrenz, S Tran, PT Anderson, GP Mauro, JM Mattoussi, H AF Goldman, ER Balighian, ED Kuno, MK Labrenz, S Tran, PT Anderson, GP Mauro, JM Mattoussi, H TI Luminescent quantum dot-adaptor protein-antibody conjugates for use in fluoroimmunoassays SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on II-VI Compounds CY SEP 09-14, 2001 CL BREMEN, GERMANY ID NANOCRYSTALLITES AB A method for the preparation and characterization of bioinorganic conjugates made with highly luminescent semiconductor CdSe-ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) and antibodies for use in fluoroimmunoassays is presented. The conjugation strategy employs two routes: 1. Use of an engineered molecular adaptor protein, attached to the QDs via electrostatic/hydrophobic self-assembly, to link the inorganic fluorophore with antibodies, and 2. use of avidin, also electrostatically self-assembled onto the nanocrystal surface, which allows QD conjugation to biotinylated antibodies via avidin-biotin binding scheme. With this approach, the average number of antibodies conjugated to a single QD can be varied. In addition, we have developed a simple purification strategy based on mixed composition conjugates of the molecular adaptor and a second "inert" two-domain fusion protein that allows the use of affinity chromatography. QD/adaptor-antibody conjugates were successfully employed in fluoroimmunoassays for the detection of small molecule analytes, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TNB) and hexaliydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). We also demonstrate the use of QD/avidin-antibody conjugates for fluoroimmunoassays using a model protein system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kuno, Masaru/K-2673-2012; Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 14 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 229 IS 1 BP 407 EP 414 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200201)229:1<407::AID-PSSB407>3.0.CO;2-S PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 520WK UT WOS:000173806600081 ER PT J AU Tran, PT Goldman, ER Anderson, GP Mauro, JM Mattoussi, H AF Tran, PT Goldman, ER Anderson, GP Mauro, JM Mattoussi, H TI Use of luminescent CdSe-ZnS nanocrystal bioconjugates in quantum dot-based nanosensors SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on II-VI Compounds CY SEP 09-14, 2001 CL BREMEN, GERMANY ID ENERGY-TRANSFER AB Biomolecules labeled with luminescent colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have potential for use in numerous applications, including fluoro-immunoassays and biological imaging. QD labels exhibit size-tunable narrow-band luminescent emission and high resistance to photodegradation. They also exhibit efficient Forster energy transfer between neighboring QDs of different sizes and their emission is readily quenched by bound fluorescent dyes. In this paper, we describe preliminary results aimed at defining conditions for the design and preparation of nanoscale QD-bioconjugate sensors based on fluorescence quenching. We envision building sensor assemblies that employ quantum dots linked with dye-labeled biological receptors that utilize donor-acceptor energy transfer between QDs and receptors for conducting recognition-based assays. In particular, we report the effects of varying the concentration of energy acceptors bound to nanocrystal surfaces under both soluble and solid phase conditions on quenching phenomena. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 13 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 27 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 229 IS 1 BP 427 EP 432 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200201)229:1<427::AID-PSSB427>3.0.CO;2-K PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 520WK UT WOS:000173806600084 ER PT J AU Cricenti, A Generosi, R Luce, M Perfetti, P Margaritondo, G Talley, D Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Tolk, NH AF Cricenti, A Generosi, R Luce, M Perfetti, P Margaritondo, G Talley, D Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Tolk, NH TI Very high resolution near-field chemical imaging using an infrared free electron laser SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL MICROSCOPE; PHOTOEMISSION; SEMICONDUCTOR; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION AB High resolution infrared imaging of thin films and biological systems is one of the most challenging experimental problems in contemporary science and technology. In this work, we have for the first time successfully tested a novel high resolution approach, based on a spectroscopic version of scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). The coupling of the Vanderbilt Free Electron Laser tunable infrared radiation to SNOM apparatus enabled us to clearly reveal different chemical constituents on a growth medium for biofilm. The images were obtained by SNOM detection of reflected 6.95 mum photons, corresponding to the stretch absorption of sulfur and nitrogen compounds, constituents of the growth medium. We attained a lateral resolution of 0.2 mum (lambda/35), well below the diffraction limit of classical microscopy. C1 Ist Struttura Mat, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Appl, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Cricenti, A (reprint author), Ist Struttura Mat, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2002 VL 4 IS 12 BP 2738 EP 2741 DI 10.1039/b109279k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 563FY UT WOS:000176246700037 ER PT J AU Woods, LM AF Woods, LM TI Magnon-phonon effects in ferromagnetic manganites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; ZONE; LA1-XSRXMNO3; TEMPERATURE; STATES AB A model is presented for the magnon-phonon interaction in three-dimensional cubic ferromagnetic systems. The Heisenberg Hamiltonian for localized spins is used. The calculated magnon and phonon dampings are compared with the experiments and good agreement is found. It is estimated that there is a significant broadening in the magnon linewidth at the end of the zone and that the phonon linewidth is not affected by this mechanism. The modified magnon spectrum is also evaluated and compared to experimental measurements, It is found that the model predicts softening of the magnon mode at the end of the zone consistent with the experiments. The contribution from both Mn and O atoms is included. The developed model can be applied to systems with reduced dimensions and systems with different than cubic symmetry. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Woods, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 014409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.014409 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 510AF UT WOS:000173186000079 ER PT J AU Tang, A Konovalov, D Naciri, J Ratna, BR Sprunt, S AF Tang, A Konovalov, D Naciri, J Ratna, BR Sprunt, S TI Anomalous softening of order parameter fluctuations at the smectic-A to -C* transition in a siloxane-substituted chiral liquid crystal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MODULATED PHASES; STRIPE TEXTURE; ELECTRIC-FIELD; FILMS AB Unconventional softening of order-parameter fluctuations is observed at the smectic-A to smectic-C* phase transition in a chiral liquid crystal possessing multiple siloxane substituents on its hydrocarbon chains. Together with an optical "stripe" texture detected above the transition, the atypical dynamics can be explained by the pretransitional development within the smectic layers of a modulated state of the order parameter. Conventional soft-mode behavior is restored when the degree of chain substitution is reduced. C1 Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tang, A (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 010703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.010703 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 513YA UT WOS:000173407400004 ER PT J AU Hazak, G Metzler, N Klapisch, M Gardner, J AF Hazak, G Metzler, N Klapisch, M Gardner, J TI Inverse bremstrahlung in cold dense plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION; BREMSSTRAHLUNG; FREQUENCY; FUSION AB A formula for inverse bremstrahlung process in quantum dense plasmas is derived. The formula is implemented in the Naval Research Laboratory FAST2D hydro code [J. H. Gardner , Phys. Plasmas 5, 1935 (1998)] and run for some simple test cases. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 20145 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hazak, G (reprint author), Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Dept Phys, POB 9001, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 345 EP 357 DI 10.1063/1.1408913 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 503EN UT WOS:000172785900040 ER PT J AU Colson, WB Johnson, ED Kelley, MJ Schwettman, HA AF Colson, WB Johnson, ED Kelley, MJ Schwettman, HA TI Putting free-electron lasers to work SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; DYNAMICS; BAND; ECHO C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Appl Res Program, Newport News, VA USA. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Colson, WB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JAN PY 2002 VL 55 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1063/1.1457263 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 507BP UT WOS:000173007100013 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Roland, CM AF Ngai, KL Roland, CM TI Development of cooperativity in the local segmental dynamics of poly(vinylacetate): synergy of thermodynamics and intermolecular coupling SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE poly(vinylacetate); local segmental dynamics; intermolecular coupling ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; ALPHA-RELAXATION; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; BETA-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; POLYVINYL ACETATE); TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; KOHLRAUSCH EXPONENT AB The properties of the alpha- and Johari-Goldstein beta -relaxations in conjunction with configurational entropy data are used to show how cooperativity of the dynamics of poly(vinylacetate) develops as temperature is decreased towards T-g from above. Such behavior is also characteristic of small molecule glass-forming liquids, demonstrating that the combined effects of configurational entropy changes and intermolecular coupling underlie structural relaxation phenomena. Any theoretical model must include both thermodynamics and many-body dynamics in order to accurately describe the general properties of the glass transition. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 58 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 2 BP 567 EP 573 DI 10.1016/S1089-3156(01)00011-3 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 491MZ UT WOS:000172113500037 ER PT S AU Szu, H AF Szu, H GP IEEE IEEE TI Video compression by means of singularity maps of human vision system SO PROCEEDING OF THE 2002 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 02) CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Neural Networks Soc, Int Neural Network Soc DE human visual system; singularity map; visual correspondence; video compression; video radio ID WAVELET AB In this paper, an efficient video compression (CR, compression ratio, approximate to 1000:1) mechanism is presented, and that preserves not only the visual acuity but also the perception fidelity. This is possible because we have made novel utilization of the Human Vision System (HVS). It is well known that our eyes do not pay attention to image pixels rather to intensity changes. Thus the traditional compression based on pixels' dynamic range reduction at all pixel level could be overkill. We furthermore label the discontinuity of the intensity with the derivative jump value across the boundary as the finger print of the edge, and that label together with its actual gray scale value are called the singularity map (SM) that enable us uniquely identify those corresponding control points among neighborhood frames without the usual exhaustive search at all image pixels level. The proposed video compression consists of two parallel operations: (1) sending the lossy compression of full image by the HVS wavelets without, however, the block artifact of DCT of JPEG or MPEG, and (2) inserting the original gray scale edge preserved by the SM before the lossy compression operation. Although we know how HVS can extract the SM without the convolution broadening, effectively if we could separate the address from the actual value, we can derive the address by taking into consideration the usual convolution broadening using the Sobel and Canny or any edge operator. Once the address of SM is sharpened without the broadening by inverse diffusion or other tricks, we can straightforwardly look up the actual image value at the gray scale edge from the original image. Since the correspondence among neighborhood frames of the singularity maps is followed in time, we need only send the change of the address without the need of sending the next frame and that fact further compress the redundancy in time from K bytes per frame to K bits on the average. This is the essential principle to enable us to transmit live video via the SINGARS radio at a narrow bandwidth of 16 K bps. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Szu, H (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Code 313,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1098-7576 BN 0-7803-7278-6 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2002 BP 2120 EP 2125 DI 10.1109/IJCNN.2002.1007469 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU92F UT WOS:000177402800378 ER PT S AU Trickey, S Todd, M Seaver, M AF Trickey, S Todd, M Seaver, M GP SPIE SPIE TI An optimization study of the ALAVR vibration-based damage detection method SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XX: STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IMAC Conference on Structural Dynamics CY FEB 04-07, 2002 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc ID CHAOTIC DATA; DIMENSION AB Damage in an idealized structure is characterized by extracting a previously proposed feature, the average local attractor variance ratio (ALAVR), from the system's response to a specialized nonlinear input. The study focuses on the effects of dimensionality on the utility of the ALAVR feature as a structural damage indicator. The dimensionality of the time series responses can be varied from a minimal two dimensional (one time delay embedding) up to and beyond the theoretically recommended dimension from the Takens embedding theorem prescribed such that the dynamics of the original system is completely reconstructed in the delay coordinate system. The nonlinear driving input, generated from the output of a nonlinear oscillator, can effect the dimensionality of the system's response through a tuning process in the Lyapunov domain. By considering the effects of input and output dimensionality, this study attempts to suggest an optimized formulation of the ALAVR method. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trickey, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-77-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4753 BP 147 EP 152 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BU66N UT WOS:000176646000022 ER PT S AU Todd, M Seaver, M Trickey, S Nichols, J Virgin, L AF Todd, M Seaver, M Trickey, S Nichols, J Virgin, L GP SPIE SPIE TI The use of a high-performance fiber optic measurement system in structural damage assessment SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XX: STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IMAC Conference on Structural Dynamics CY FEB 04-07, 2002 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc ID SCANNING FILTER; STRAIN-SENSOR; INTERROGATION; COUPLER AB We have developed and tested a fiber optic system that relies on Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) as strain gages for structural monitoring. FBGs reflect a narrow (< 0.2 nm) band of light whose center wavelength changes as the fiber is stretched or compressed. We interrogate multiple FBGs distributed along one strand of optical fiber with a scanning Fabry-Perot filter for selecting individual reflection wavelengths, an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer to detect wavelength shifts, and a 3x3 fiber optic coupler which converts the wavelength shifts into phase changes. This work will describe the system in detail, present key performance metrics, and demonstrate the use of the system in detection of boundary clamp damage in a chaotically excited beam. The features chosen in the damage assessment problem are based on subtle geometric changes which occur on the system attractor changes as the beam is damaged. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Todd, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-77-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4753 BP 167 EP 173 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BU66N UT WOS:000176646000025 ER PT S AU Todd, M Nichols, J Bement, M Farrar, C Baker, B AF Todd, M Nichols, J Bement, M Farrar, C Baker, B GP SPIE SPIE TI Experimental demonstration of local attractor variance as a damage indication feature SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XX: STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IMAC Conference on Structural Dynamics CY FEB 04-07, 2002 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc ID DIMENSION AB In vibration-based structural damage assessment, the proper selection and extraction of appropriate features remains an important component of the overall process. These features ideally must be both sensitive to a particular damage scenario and insensitive to ambient influences within some statistical confidence. A novel approach has been introduced in previous works which described the local attractor variance ratio as a state-space-based feature (in combination with appropriate chaotic excitation input), which was shown in numerical experiments to be superior to modal-based features in both detecting and quantifying damage under several scenarios. In this work, we apply this new technique to a simple five-degree-of-freedom experimental system, where "damage" is induced through a spring stiffness change. In addition, we present a variation of this feature, both of which seek to quantify states space distortion with damage. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Todd, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-77-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4753 BP 1292 EP 1298 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BU66N UT WOS:000176646000197 ER PT B AU Neilson, JM Kub, FJ Hobart, KD Brandmier, K Ancona, M AF Neilson, JM Kub, FJ Hobart, KD Brandmier, K Ancona, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Double-side IGBT phase leg architecture for reduced recovery current and turn-on loss SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES & ICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs (ISPSD 2002) CY JUN 04-07, 2002 CL SANTA FE, NM SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect Engineers Japan AB A double-side IGBT (DIGBT) phase leg architecture that uses the DIGBT as a substitute for a free wheeling diode to achieve reduced turn-on loss and reduced reverse recovery peak current during turn-on is described and characterized. Approximately a 50% reduction in reverse recovery peak current and an 80% reduction in recovery charge are achieved. In addition, low power dissipation (approximate to1A current level) protection circuitry is described that can be incorporated into the DIGBT phase leg architecture to allow the flow of reverse current even if the gate driver circuit is disabled so that conventional high current free wheeling diodes are not required to provide protection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6813, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jmsn@prodigy.net; kub@nrl.navy.mil; kbrandmi@cpd-spco.com NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7318-9 PY 2002 BP 141 EP 144 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU72Q UT WOS:000176837600033 ER PT B AU Rendell, RW Ancona, MG Kruppa, W Foos, EE Snow, AW Park, D Boos, JB AF Rendell, RW Ancona, MG Kruppa, W Foos, EE Snow, AW Park, D Boos, JB GP IEEE IEEE TI Effect of network topology on nanocluster film transport SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 2ND IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology CY AUG 26-28, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Ind Electr Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc ID COULOMB-BLOCKADE; ARRAYS AB The effects of network topology on electron transport is studied using Monte Carlo simulations of tunnel junction networks with transport governed by Coulomb blockade. Both the threshold voltage shift and the nonlinearity of the IN curves are sensitive to lateral fluctuations of the conduction paths due to random voids. The nonlinearity is found to be maximized for aspect ratios of the network of unity or larger and for random void networks with 50% horizontal connections. Comparisons are made with Au nanocluster I-V measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rendell, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7538-6 PY 2002 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.1109/NANO.2002.1032237 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV16F UT WOS:000178016200058 ER PT B AU Tran, NE Feng, JR Imam, MA AF Tran, NE Feng, JR Imam, MA GP IEEE IEEE TI The effect of defects of single-walled carbon nanotubes on their hydrogen storage capacity. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 2ND IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology CY AUG 26-28, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Ind Electr Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc AB Hydrogen absorption of single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by the HIPCO, laser ablation, and carbon-are techniques are evaluated to determine the influence of their chemical and structural defect density on their effectiveness as the nano-containers of hydrogen. The results indicate that although there was a difference in the defect concentration between the three different SWNT samples, these defects have little effect on their hydrogen storage capacity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tran, NE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7538-6 PY 2002 BP 397 EP 399 DI 10.1109/NANO.2002.1032274 PG 3 WC Crystallography; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV16F UT WOS:000178016200095 ER PT B AU Hsu, DSY Shaw, JL AF Hsu, DSY Shaw, JL GP IEEE IEEE TI Robust micro-gated carbon nanotube field emitter arrays SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 2ND IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology CY AUG 26-28, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Ind Electr Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc AB An integrated gate (micro-gate) is necessary to enable field emission from carbon nanotubes (cNTs) at low voltages. We have demonstrated emission from cNTs grown inside two such types of micro-gated structures, one a gated silicon post, another having an open aperture. In the first configuration anode currents up to 1 mA (from 0.5 mm(2) area) were obtained at gate voltages as low as 40V In the second configuration the gate current was 2.5% of the anode current. The current was more stable than typical of most field emitter arrays, and the arrays did not fail by arcing at high currents. The emission current was increased by ambient water vapor and hydrogen, but was unaffected by xenon. Energy spectra of the emitted electrons show that the emission current saturated at energies just below the Fermi level, showing the electron transport to the emission site is requires a significant voltage. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hsu, DSY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7538-6 PY 2002 BP 431 EP 434 DI 10.1109/NANO.2002.1032282 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV16F UT WOS:000178016200103 ER PT S AU Chen, RC Blankenship, GL AF Chen, RC Blankenship, GL GP ACC ACC TI Dynamic programming equations for constrained stochastic control SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual American Control Conference (ACC) CY MAY 08-10, 2002 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, SICE AB In this paper, it is demonstrated that the dynamic programming approach provides a simple and versatile means for analyzing constrained stochastic control problems. Specifically, three such problems are analyzed using this approach. The problems analyzed are the problem of minimizing a discounted cost infinite horizon expectation objective subject to an identically structured constraint, the problem of minimizing a discounted cost infinite horizon minimax objective subject to a discounted expectation constraint, and the problem of minimizing a discounted expected cost objective subject to a minimax constraint. Using a dynamic programming approach, optimality equations are obtained for these problems. The optimality equations derived for the first two problems are apparently novel. Existence and uniqueness of solutions to the dynamic programming equations for the discounted cost infinite horizon problems are explicitly shown using the Banach fixed point theorem. Thus, this paper demonstrates that the dynamic programming theory for unconstrained stochastic control problems can be extended in a direct way to constrained stochastic control problems. The theory developed is illustrated, by numerically solving the constrained stochastic control dynamic programming equations derived for simple example problems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-7298-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2002 VL 1-6 BP 2014 EP 2022 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BV44D UT WOS:000178974700348 ER PT S AU Kiriakidis, K AF Kiriakidis, K GP ACC ACC TI H-infinity optimal filters for a class of nonlinear models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual American Control Conference (ACC) CY MAY 08-10, 2002 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, SICE ID SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB The design of an H-infinity filter or observer based on a nonlinear model involves the solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi inequality. Alternatively, this paper uses the expansion of the nonlinear model as a series of linear ones and provides a sufficient condition, in the form of a set of bilinear matrix inequalities, for the solution of the H-infinity state estimation problem. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM kiriakid@novell.nadn.navy.mil NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-7298-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2002 VL 1-6 BP 2336 EP 2339 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BV44D UT WOS:000178974700406 ER PT S AU Steinberg, ML Page, AB AF Steinberg, ML Page, AB GP ACC ACC TI High-fidelity simulation testing of intelligent and adaptive aircraft control laws SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual American Control Conference (ACC) CY MAY 08-10, 2002 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, SICE AB This paper compares the robustness of seven popular adaptive and intelligent control approaches using a high fidelity aircraft simulation. The control laws were originally developed and tuned using a lower fidelity simulation of the same aircraft, which is significantly different from the high fidelity simulation used to generate all results in this paper. The control law approaches examined are fuzzy logic, linearly and nonlinearly parameterized neural network approaches, an indirect adaptive version of dynamic inversion, variable structure, and a hybrid approach that combines direct and indirect adaptive elements. In addition, a conventional scheduled dynamic inversion controller is used as baseline. The approaches are demonstrated on a high fidelity six Degree-of-Freedom simulation with nonlinear aerodynamic and engine models, actuator models with position and rate saturations, and turbulence. Simulation results are given for single and multi-axis pitch and roll maneuvers in-both nominal and failed cases. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Flight Control Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP USN, Air Syst Command, Flight Control Branch, CST 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-7298-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2002 VL 1-6 BP 3264 EP 3268 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BV44D UT WOS:000178974700569 ER PT B AU Welch, TB Etter, DM Wright, CHG Morrow, MG Twohig, GJ AF Welch, TB Etter, DM Wright, CHG Morrow, MG Twohig, GJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Experiencing DSP hardware prior to a DSP course SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 IEEE 10TH DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP & 2ND SIGNAL PROCESSING EDUCATION WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop/2nd IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop CY OCT 13-16, 2002 CL PINE MT, GA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, Texas Instruments AB Students with limited exposure to discrete-time systems and possessing only basic C/C++ programming skills can successfully complete laboratory exercises involving real-time digital signal processing (DSP) hardware, despite having never completed a DSP course. The laboratory exercises discussed in this paper were part of a coordinated effort to expose all junior year Electrical Engineering (EE) students at the U.S. Naval Academy to real-time DSP hardware. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Welch, TB (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8116-5 PY 2002 BP 297 EP 301 DI 10.1109/DSPWS.2002.1231121 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BX43Y UT WOS:000185284600058 ER PT B AU Kiriakidis, K AF Kiriakidis, K GP IEEE IEEE TI Optimal nonlinear filters based on the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, VOL 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Neural Network Soc ID SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB This article treats the estimation of the output of interest for a class of nonlinear plants that admit the Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model. Based on such model, we propose the synthesis of a filter whose estimation error is less than a prescribed fraction of the disturbance, by measure of the Euclidean norm. We also address the optimization of the filter's performance. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM kiriakid@novell.nadn.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7280-8 PY 2002 BP 321 EP 323 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BU95M UT WOS:000177476600057 ER PT S AU Beard, R Golding, W White, J AF Beard, R Golding, W White, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Design factors for atomic clocks for space SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & PDA EXHIBITION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition CY MAY 29-31, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, Piezoelect Devices Assoc DE space; atomic clocks; design AB There are very strong differences between the designs of clocks for space applications and those used on earth. This paper discusses the performance impacts from differences in mechanical design, thermal design, radiation hardness, and control. The design changes necessary to survive launch and operate in space go beyond the expected issues of mechanical strength and remote control. There are a number of design trade-offs that can affect clock performance. For example, the added structural members needed to secure a microwave cavity may result is poor thermal control due to heat loss along the structure or de-tuning due to new stresses on the cavity structure. Reliability and radiation hardening drive performance less directly by limiting the availability of critical electronic component types. On the positive side, the lack of gravity, fluctuations in air temperature, and mechanical perturbations sometimes lead to space clocks running better than similar ground units. The differences between clocks for short-term space experiments and production space vehicles will be examined. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Beard, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-7082-1 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2002 BP 493 EP 498 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2002.1075934 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV43J UT WOS:000178928900083 ER PT S AU Beard, R Buisson, J Danzy, F Largay, M White, J AF Beard, R Buisson, J Danzy, F Largay, M White, J GP IEEE IEEE TI GPS Block IIR rubidium frequency standard life test results SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & PDA EXHIBITION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition CY MAY 29-31, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, Piezoelect Devices Assoc DE GPS; Block IIR; RAFS; life test AB The life test of two Perkin-Elmer (formerly EG&G) rubidium atomic frequency standards (RAFS) at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in a simulated space environment and flight configuration began 31 March 1997. These clocks were production clocks from the Global Positioning System (GPS) Block HR build and especially provided for this test by the GPS Joint Program Office and the Block IIR satellite contractor team led by Lockheed Martin. This continuously running test was designed to provide information on long term performance, operation, and potential unique characteristics of these clocks. This included potential failure mechanisms, and day-to-day characteristics of the clocks and their internal monitors. GPS Block HR was the first on-orbit use of this design and there was initially significant concern over their lack of actual space experience. The test clocks operate in a vacuum chamber with a sensitive baseplate thermal controller that simulates the GPS satellite conditions. The routinely us telemetry outputs and the manufacturer's engineering test monitors are recorded at high resolution every five minutes. The output signal phase is measured against the NRL reference hydrogen maser at 20-second intervals. This paper summarizes the test results to date and compares those results with the observed on-orbit performance of the Perkin-Elmer rubidium clocks in the GPS constellation. Overall, the performance of the RAFS units has been exceptionally good. There are, however, a number of interesting features in the data. These include a significant number of small frequency jumps, environmental sensitivities, and trends in the telemetry monitors. The similarity of life test data and operational data collected from units in the operational Block HR satellites will be presented and discussed. The utility of life testing in supporting operation and new space clock introduction into the system will be highlighted. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Beard, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-7082-1 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2002 BP 499 EP 504 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2002.1075935 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV43J UT WOS:000178928900084 ER PT S AU Ekstrom, CR Koppang, PA AF Ekstrom, CR Koppang, PA GP IEEE IEEE TI Error bars for three-cornered-hats SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & PDA EXHIBITION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition CY MAY 29-31, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, Piezoelect Devices Assoc ID FREQUENCY AB The three-cornered-hat is a procedure for extracting the stabilities of three clocks when the only available information is the time or frequency differences between the clocks. To our knowledge, there has been no method of determining a confidence interval for such a stability estimate. In this paper, we present a method for determining the number of degrees of freedom of the estimate, which allows the assignment of a confidence interval to a three-cornered-hat stability estimate. We also investigate using the total variance and biases in the three-cornered-hat estimate. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Ekstrom, CR (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-7082-1 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2002 BP 721 EP 724 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2002.1075975 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV43J UT WOS:000178928900122 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Brastrom, P AF Gray, JE Brastrom, P GP IEEE IEEE TI The problem of kill assessment part II: The Doppler effect and exo-atmospheric kill assessment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2002 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Northrop Grumman Corp, Raytheon Co DE Kill Assessment; Doppler Effect; exoatmospheric data ID LINEARLY VIBRATING OBJECTS; SCATTERING AB In this paper, the future problems of kill assessment in the exo-atmosphere is discussed. The concentration is on characterizing the Doppler spectrum of objects that are undergoing non-uniform motion. Then a data collection experiment is discussed for gathering exo-atmospheric Doppler data. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22485 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Dahlgren Div, Code B32-N92, Dahlgren, VA 22485 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-7357-X J9 RADAR CONF PY 2002 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1109/NRC.2002.999698 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BU50P UT WOS:000176199500016 ER PT S AU de Graaf, JW Cantrell, BH AF de Graaf, JW Cantrell, BH GP IEEE IEEE TI Digital local-oscillator generation using a delta-sigma technique SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2002 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Northrop Grumman Corp, Raytheon Co AB Local-oscillator (LO) signals in up/down converters for most radar systems are typically generated using synthesizers, bench sources, custom-built frequency sources or direct-digital synthesis (DDS). In a digital-array radar (DAR) concept, a single-bit delta-sigma (Delta-Sigma) technique was considered as a viable alternative to encode sine waves digitally for LO signal generation. This technique is applied to synthesize sinusoidal signals at a low frequency. These signals are then injected into a frequency multiplier system for generating LO signals. When independently coded Delta-Sigma sine waves are created offline on a per element basis for a phased array system, the in-band noise shaped response improves as a result of digital beam forming (DBT). In this paper, a single-bit encoding technique for LO signal generation is discussed. Some simulation results are provided as well as a candidate microwave design for a frequency multiplier system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-7357-X J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2002 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1109/NRC.2002.999708 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BU50P UT WOS:000176199500024 ER PT S AU Chen, VC Lipps, R Bottoms, M AF Chen, VC Lipps, R Bottoms, M GP IEEE IEEE TI FOPEN SAR imaging of ground moving targets using rotational time-frequency-Radon transforms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2002 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Northrop Grumman Corp, Raytheon Co ID DISTRIBUTIONS AB In this paper, we introduce the basic concept of the rotational Fourier transform, the bilinear rotational time-frequency transforms, and the Radon transform. Based on a certain model of radar returns from moving targets, we propose a method using a rotational time-frequency-Radon transform for synthetic aperture radar imaging of moving targets in foliage. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-7357-X J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2002 BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.1109/NRC.2002.999713 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BU50P UT WOS:000176199500028 ER PT S AU Chen, R Cantrell, B AF Chen, R Cantrell, B GP IEEE IEEE TI Highly bandlimited radar signals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2002 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Northrop Grumman Corp, Raytheon Co AB This paper describes a method for generating highly bandlimited or spectrally clean signals and investigates an amplification scheme for physically realizing such signals. The method for generating spectrally clean signals involves interpolating discrete-time signals with Gaussian-windowed sinc functions to obtain highly-bandlimited continuous-time signals. Using this technique, spectrally clean continuous-time signals were obtained which are reasonably efficient and have desirable autocorrelation functions as well as being bandlimited. The modulation technique is illustrated with several examples using the thirteen bit Barker code. The amplifier configuration known as LINC (linear amplification using nonlinear components) is proposed as a means of generating spectrally clean signals. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-7357-X J9 RADAR CONF PY 2002 BP 220 EP 226 DI 10.1109/NRC.2002.999722 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BU50P UT WOS:000176199500037 ER PT S AU Picciolo, ML Gerlach, K Goldstein, JS AF Picciolo, ML Gerlach, K Goldstein, JS GP IEEE IEEE TI An adaptive Multistage Median Cascaded Canceller SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2002 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Northrop Grumman Corp, Raytheon Co ID CONVERGENCE PROPERTIES; GRAM-SCHMIDT; ALGORITHMS; FILTER AB A Multistage Median Cascaded Canceller is introduced as a hybrid combination of the Multistage Wiener Filter and the recently introduced Median Cascaded Canceller. The hybrid processor is configured for radar Space-Time Adaptive Processing and tested using measured airborne radar data from the MCARM database as well as using simulated airborne radar clutter and jamming data. Results show the hybrid processor maintains a high signal-to-interference plus noise ratio and exhibits a mixture of useful characteristics from the two separate processors. Optimal rank reduction capability from the MWF portion is retained and robustness to targets/outliers and non-stationary data are attributed to the MCC portion. In addition, valuable synergistic features are discovered, such as an order 15 dB lower average azimuth-Doppler sidelobe level in the adapted pattern, compared to the MWF. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Picciolo, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-7357-X J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2002 BP 318 EP 325 DI 10.1109/NRC.2002.999738 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BU50P UT WOS:000176199500053 ER PT B AU Sanchez, SM Lucas, TW AF Sanchez, SM Lucas, TW BE Yucesan, E Chen, CH Snowdon, JL Charnes, JM TI Exploring the world of agent-based simulations: Simple models, complex analyses SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 08-11, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sci Modeling & Simulat Int AB Agent-based simulations are models where multiple entities sense and stochastically respond to conditions in their local environments, mimicking complex large-scale system behavior. We provide an overview of some important issues in the modeling and analysis of agent-based systems. Examples are drawn from a range of fields: biological modeling, sociological modeling, and industrial applications, though we focus on recent results for a variety of military applications. Based on our experiences with various agent-based models, we describe issues-that simulation analysts should be aware of when embarking on agent-based model development. We also describe a number of tools (both graphical and analytical) that we have found particularly useful for analyzing these types of simulation models. We conclude with a discussion. of areas in need of further investigation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ssanchez@nps.navy.mil; twlucas@nps.navy.mil NR 44 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7614-5 PY 2002 BP 116 EP 126 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV90S UT WOS:000180358500014 ER PT B AU Buss, A AF Buss, A BE Yucesan, E Chen, CH Snowdon, JL Charnes, JM TI Component based simulation modeling with simkit SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 08-11, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sci Modeling & Simulat Int AB This paper demonstrates how to use Simkit to create Discrete Event Simulation models using a component framework. The component framework is based on a listener design pattern especially useful for simulation models. The objects created are called Listener Event Graph Objects, so the component framework is called LEGO. Simkit is an Open Source package written in Java. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Buss, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7614-5 PY 2002 BP 243 EP 249 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV90S UT WOS:000180358500030 ER PT B AU Buss, AH Sanchez, PJ AF Buss, AH Sanchez, PJ BE Yucesan, E Chen, CH Snowdon, JL Charnes, JM TI Building complex models with legos (Listener Event Graph Objects) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 08-11, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sci Modeling & Simulat Int ID SIMULATION AB Event Graphs are a simple and elegant language-independent way of representing a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) model. In this paper we propose an extension to basic Event Graphs that enables small models to be encapsulated in reusable modules called Listener Event Graph Objects (LEGOs). These modules are linked together using a design pattern from Object Oriented Programming called the "listener pattern" to produce new modules of even greater complexity. The modules generated in this way can themselves be linked and encapsulated, forming a hierarchical design which is highly scalable. These concepts have been implemented in Simkit, a freely available simulation package implemented in Java. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Buss, AH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7614-5 PY 2002 BP 732 EP 737 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV90S UT WOS:000180358500093 ER PT B AU Rioux, GP Nance, RE AF Rioux, GP Nance, RE BE Yucesan, E Chen, CH Snowdon, JL Charnes, JM TI Generalizing: Is it possible to create all-purpose simulations? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 08-11, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sci Modeling & Simulat Int AB The title poses the essential question addressed herein: Is it possible to construct simulations that permit use in application domains with widely ranging objectives? The question is raised in a tentative explanation of what is entailed in an answer. Beginning with a taxonomy based on simulation objectives, we identify differences among the categories with respect to what is attendant in realizing different objectives and in using associated methodologies and tools. The closing summary highlights the importance of producing an answer or eliminating the question. C1 USN, Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron 120, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. RP Rioux, GP (reprint author), USN, Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron 120, 1027 Bellinger Blvd, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7614-5 PY 2002 BP 783 EP 790 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV90S UT WOS:000180358500100 ER PT B AU Kang, K Doerr, KH Bryan, KA Ameyugo, G AF Kang, K Doerr, KH Bryan, KA Ameyugo, G BE Yucesan, E Chen, CH Snowdon, JL Charnes, JM TI An analysis of STOM (Ship to objective maneuver) in sea based logistics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 08-11, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sci Modeling & Simulat Int AB Operational Maneuver From the Sea (OMFTS) and its implementing concept, Sea Based Logistics (SBL) stress the need for logistically supporting forces ashore directly from a sea base. This study analyzes the capability of a current LHD-class amphibious ship to sustain a force deployed ashore through direct Ship-To-Objective Maneuver (STOM) of replenishment and logistics support. We have developed a simulation model that can evaluate performance of STOM operations using an LHD-class amphibious ship as a sea base. Results indicate a substantial increase in the number of aircraft, and reliability of those aircraft, and/or a substantial reduction in sustainment requirements are needed in order to successfully accomplish the scenarios used in this study. The results of this study could support the design of future LHD-class ships. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Doerr, Kenneth/0000-0002-7763-7304 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7614-5 PY 2002 BP 905 EP 910 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV90S UT WOS:000180358500117 ER PT B AU Sette, K Spina, J AF Sette, K Spina, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Energy storage systems for large scale vehicles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 WORKSHOP ON AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Autonomous Underwater Vehicles CY JUN 20-21, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The first large scale vehicle, KOKANEE (LSV-1), a 3000HP, 155 long ton autonomous submarine model, was assembled at Southwest Research Institute and delivered to the Navy in October 1987. Operated in support of advance submarine propulsor development at the Navy's Acoustic Research Detachment in Bayview, Idaho, KOKANEE has several thousand hours underway, using two variants of valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) powering a conventional DC motor. A second large-scale vehicle, CUTTHROAT (LSV-2), a 6000HP, 210 long-ton submarine model, is currently undergoing acceptance trials. CUTTHROAT employs a permanent magnet motor. The requirements for, and design of, the two energy storage systems, as well as the charge and discharge management process, is described. The maintenance experience for this choice of energy storage method, and the considerations that lead to continued use of VRLA cells is explained. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Acoust Res Detachment, Bayview, ID 83803 USA. RP Sette, K (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Acoust Res Detachment, 33980 N Main St, Bayview, ID 83803 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7572-6 PY 2002 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1109/AUV.2002.1177197 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Ocean; Transportation Science & Technology SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Transportation GA BV99S UT WOS:000180625200003 ER PT B AU Winchester, C Egan, C Drozd, D Zolla, A Westenberger, J AF Winchester, C Egan, C Drozd, D Zolla, A Westenberger, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Performance, safety characterizations and system integration of a large lithium thionyl chloride battery for unmanned undersea vehicles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 WORKSHOP ON AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Autonomous Underwater Vehicles CY JUN 20-21, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (UUV) Program Office of NAVSEA (PMS403) is developing the first in a series of UUVs capable of extended autonomous missions, with launch and recovery by submarine. NSWC Carderock in conjunction with NUWC Newport, the prime contractor Boeing Corporation and the battery prime contractor HED Battery Corporation are conducting an integrated, parallel development and qualification of the non-rechargeable power source for the AN/BLQ-11 vehicle, also known as the Long-term Mine Reconnaissance System (LMRS). We will present an overview of the system, the vehicle design for non-rechargeable power, the battery and the performance requirements. We will describe the performance and safety testing being conducted and ongoing efforts to qualify the battery for internal carriage, launch and recovery by a submarine platform. C1 NSWC, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Winchester, C (reprint author), NSWC, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7572-6 PY 2002 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1109/AUV.2002.1177200 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Ocean; Transportation Science & Technology SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Transportation GA BV99S UT WOS:000180625200006 ER PT B AU Medeiros, MG Patrissi, CJ Tucker, SP Carreiro, LG Dow, EG Bessette, RR AF Medeiros, MG Patrissi, CJ Tucker, SP Carreiro, LG Dow, EG Bessette, RR GP IEEE IEEE TI The development of a magnesium-hydrogen peroxide semi-fuel cell SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 WORKSHOP ON AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Autonomous Underwater Vehicles CY JUN 20-21, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) Division Newport, Rhode Island is presently developing a Magnesium-Solution Phase Catholyte Semi-Fuel Cell (Mg-SFC) as an energetic electrochemical system for low rate, long endurance unmanned undersea vehicle (UU-V) applications. This novel electrochemical couple consists of a magnesium anode and a solution phase catholyte of hydrogen peroxide together with a seawater electrolyte. C1 USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Medeiros, MG (reprint author), USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7572-6 PY 2002 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1109/AUV.2002.1177202 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Ocean; Transportation Science & Technology SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Transportation GA BV99S UT WOS:000180625200008 ER PT B AU Swider-Lyons, KE Carlin, RT Rosenfeld, RL Nowak, RJ AF Swider-Lyons, KE Carlin, RT Rosenfeld, RL Nowak, RJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Technical issues and opportunities for fuel cell development for autonomous underwater vehicles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 WORKSHOP ON AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Autonomous Underwater Vehicles CY JUN 20-21, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The efficiency and quietness of fuel cells make them attractive power sources for the autonomous underwater vehicles of the future. However, several technical issues must be addressed before fuel cells can surpass the performance characteristics of batteries, including efficiency, reliability, durability, standby operation and storage, changes to orientation, and high shock loads. Improvements to the storage of the fuel (hydrogen or hydrogen sources) and oxidizer (oxygen) make the biggest impact on the size, weight, and utilization of fuel cell systems. Proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are the most attractive fuel cell system and already have been successfully demonstrated for use in Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs). AUVs of the future may utilize direct-methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) or solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) which can use liquid methanol or diesel fuel instead of hydrogen. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swider-Lyons, KE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7572-6 PY 2002 BP 61 EP 64 DI 10.1109/AUV.2002.1177204 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Ocean; Transportation Science & Technology SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Transportation GA BV99S UT WOS:000180625200009 ER PT B AU Winchester, C Govar, J Banner, J Squires, T Smith, P AF Winchester, C Govar, J Banner, J Squires, T Smith, P GP IEEE IEEE TI A survey of available underwater electric propulsion technologies and implications for platform system safety SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 WORKSHOP ON AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Autonomous Underwater Vehicles CY JUN 20-21, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The majority of unmanned undersea vehicle (UUV) and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) applications are electrically powered, deriving their energy from chemical reactions within a battery. Unlike thermal engines, where chemical energy is metered into a combustion chamber, batteries are unique in the storage of all energy content within a limited material construction. Fuel cells are a logical cross between the concepts of electric storage battery and thermal engine. The requirements for military and some civilian AUVs demand increased battery energy density and volume compared to the overall AUV vehicle. Batteries, like fuel cells, are most cost-effective when they may be recharged and reutilized. The aspects of increased energy density, intrinsic power capability and electrical or mechanical recharging present a significant challenge in designing a power supply system that is safe under all conditions for the AUV and for the deployment platform. This paper will provide an overview of common AUV propulsion systems and discuss aspects of vehicle integration and vehicle and launch platform safety with respect to recharging, refurbishing or refueling an AUV system. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Power Syst Branch, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Winchester, C (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Power Syst Branch, Code 644, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7572-6 PY 2002 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1109/AUV.2002.1177215 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Ocean; Transportation Science & Technology SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Transportation GA BV99S UT WOS:000180625200019 ER PT S AU Ross, IM Fahroo, F AF Ross, IM Fahroo, F GP IEEE IEEE TI Pseudospectral methods for optimal motion planning of differentially flat systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 41ST IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 10-13, 2002 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci DE differential flatness; optimal control theory; pseudospectral methods ID NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS AB This paper presents some preliminary results on combining two new ideas from nonlinear control theory and dynamic optimization. We show that the computational framework facilitated by pseudospectral. (PS) methods applies quite naturally and easily to the Lie-Backlund equivalence of nonlinear controlled dynamical systems. The optimal motion planning problem for differentially flat systems is equivalent to a classic Bolza problem of the calculus-of-variations. In this paper, we exploit the notion that derivatives of flat outputs given in terms of Lagrange interpolating functions can be quickly and easily computed using PS differentiation matrices. The application of this method to the crane control problem demonstrates how flatness may be readily exploited. In the case of partial dynamic inversion, or systems with non-zero defects, differential constraints are satisfied at optimal node points whose optimality criterion is some error norm. Integral cost functionals are handled by Gauss-type quadrature rules. Numerical experiments suggest that PS methods are superior to other methods that exploit full or partial dynamic inversion; however, a number of problems inherent to utilizing flat outputs to real-time trajectory optimization remain open. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ross, IM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Code AA RO, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 0-7803-7516-5 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2002 BP 1135 EP 1140 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BW26E UT WOS:000181352300207 ER PT B AU Zoccola, PJ AF Zoccola, PJ BE Paidoussis, MP TI Excitation by flow over an obstructed opening SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION, AEROELASTICITY, FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION AND NOISE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Fluid-Structure Interaction, Aeroelasticity, Flow-Induced Vibration and Noise CY NOV, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IMECE, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Canadian Soc Mech Engn, Assoc Francaise Mecan ID RESONANCE; CAVITY AB The effect on flow-induced cavity resonance of the presence of an obstruction, or a grid made up of regularly spaced obstructions, in the cavity opening is considered. The presence of a single obstruction or of a grid generally alters the flow so that the excitation occurs on the smaller length scale created by the obstruction. However, discussion of resonant excitation on the length scale encompassing the obstructions has not been found in the literature. For this study, measurements of cavity pressure due to flow over a cavity with obstructions or grids of varying dimensions in the opening were made. Measurements of the flow field around a single obstruction were also made. The cavity pressure measurements show that flow over an opening with a grid does result in the occurrence of classical resonant excitation at the large length scale. The frequency of the excitation and the amplitude of the response at the large length scale are reduced, depending on the dimensions of the obstruction. Flow field results show the effects that an obstruction has on the flow, including effects on the vortex convection velocity and the energy production distribution. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Zoccola, PJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-3659-2 PY 2002 BP 899 EP 906 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BAM66 UT WOS:000222851800095 ER PT J AU Hoffman, ME AF Hoffman, ME TI Periods of mirrors and multiple zeta values SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE mirror symmetry; multiple zeta values; gamma function ID HARMONIC SERIES AB In a recent paper, A. Libgober showed that the multiplicative sequence {Q(i)(c(1),..., c(i))} of Chern classes corresponding to the power series Q(z) = Gamma (1+z)(-1) appears in a relation between the Chern classes of certain Calabi-Yau manifolds and the periods of their mirrors. We show that the polynomials Q(i) can be expressed in terms of multiple zeta values. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hoffman, ME (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Hoffman, Michael/D-9913-2011 OI Hoffman, Michael/0000-0002-9436-7596 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0002-9939 J9 P AM MATH SOC JI Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. PY 2002 VL 130 IS 4 BP 971 EP 974 DI 10.1090/S0002-9939-01-06263-3 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 507CM UT WOS:000173009400007 ER PT J AU Williams, BA Fleming, JW AF Williams, BA Fleming, JW TI Cf3Br and other suppressants: Differences in effects on flame structure SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID INTERMEDIATE SPECIES PROFILES; INHIBITION EFFECTIVENESS; AGENTS AB We report the results of modeling studies of premixed, atmospheric pressure, methane/air flames inhibited by the following agents: N-2, CF4, Fe(CO)(5), NaOH, CF3CHFCF3, CF3CH2F, and CF3Br. These agents comprise inert, catalytic, and hydrofluorocarbon suppressants. The effects on the flame structure and chemistry of CF3Br, which is often used as a benchmark for alternative fire suppressants, are compared to those of the other agents. These comparisons show that the behavior of CF3Br is atypical of fire suppressants which act by efficient catalytic scavenging of flame radicals. Chemical saturation effects, dependence of inhibition efficiency on flame temperature, and changes in flame structure all differ significantly between CF3Br and other catalytic substances, including iron and alkali metals. Various correlations proposed between burning velocity and global flame properties such as peak radical concentrations all break down for one or more of the suppressants studied. Comparison of flame structure results show that this effect results from non-uniform reduction of radical concentrations throughout the flame; both CF3Br and non-brominated fluorocarbons cause the greatest relative reduction of radicals early in the flame. The use of CF3Br as a performance benchmark for new fire suppressants is appropriate from an engineering standpoint. The atypical aspects of CF3Br's behavior compared to other chemical inhibitors, however, indicates that care is required in inferring general principles in structure and chemistry of suppressed flames. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Williams, BA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6185, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 345 EP 351 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80046-3 PN 1 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KK UT WOS:000182866100042 ER PT J AU Schlosser, HE Wolfrum, J Ebert, V Williams, BA Sheinson, RS Fleming, JW AF Schlosser, HE Wolfrum, J Ebert, V Williams, BA Sheinson, RS Fleming, JW TI In situ determination of molecular oxygen concentrations in full-scale fire-suppression tests using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV AB The fast and accurate determination of oxygen in air is important for fire research. Available O-2 sensors (paramagnetic, electrochemical, ZrO2) are only of limited use because of significant errors caused by the specific sampling or measurement process, so that a purely optical, in situ detection is of great interest. Optical methods can account for the dilution of O-2 by water (both vapor and drops) and are thus valuable tools for studying the effectiveness of water for replacing halogenated fire suppressants. To fulfill this need, a tunable diode laser based absorption spectrometer (TDLAS) has been developed for the in situ detection of molecular oxygen at 760 nm (A band, b(1)Sigma(g)(+)<--X(3)Sigma(g)(-)). The device was successfully tested during full-scale fire-suppression tests carried out at the Naval Research Laboratory Chesapeake Bay Detachment facility in a 28-m(3) test Compartment. A specially protected open-path Herriott multipass setup with an absorption length of 1.8 m was developed to restrict the probe volume to a base length of 30 cm. Various scenarios including water mist only, unsuppressed fires, and water-suppressed fires (methanol and n-heptane, both pool and cascading fires up to 400 kW) were investigated. O-2 concentrations were measured at a 2.5 Hz repetition rate with a resolution of 0.01 to 1 vol % O-2 depending on the transmission conditions. This demonstrated for the first time the capability for in situ oxygen measurements under fire-suppression conditions with large and rapid obscuration changes (transmission of as little as 0.8% of the emitted laser power). It also showed that the TDLAS results account for dilution of O-2 by water vapor without any interference of other species. C1 Univ Heidelberg, Inst Chem Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schlosser, HE (reprint author), Univ Heidelberg, Inst Chem Phys, Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Schlosser, Eric/K-8809-2012; Ebert, Volker/E-7671-2011 OI Ebert, Volker/0000-0002-1394-3097 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 353 EP 360 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80047-5 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KK UT WOS:000182866100043 ER PT J AU Fuss, SP Chen, EF Yang, WH Kee, RJ Williams, BA Fleming, JW AF Fuss, SP Chen, EF Yang, WH Kee, RJ Williams, BA Fleming, JW TI Inhibition of premlxed methane/air flames by water mist SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID AIR FLAMES; NONPREMIXED FLAMES; FIRE SUPPRESSANTS; EXTINCTION AB The effect of submicron water drops on the burning velocity of methane/air mixtures was investigated. Results are compared to the suppression effect of water vapor, gaseous thermal agents N-2 and CF4, and chemical agent CF3Br to determine if the theoretical thermal suppression effect expected for water mist can be experimentally achieved. These studies lay the groundwork (both experimental and modeling) for the effects of larger drops as well as for drops with solutes. Stoichiometric mixtures were stabilized at atmospheric pressure on one of two nozzle-type burners, producing cone-shaped flames. Burning velocities were determined using the total area method. An atomizer was used to produce water mist with a mean drop diameter of less than 1 mum, which was delivered as part of the reactant stream. Studies were carried out using both dry and humidified air. On a mass basis, the burning velocity of N-2- and CF4-inhibited flames exhibited similar characteristics. Water vapor was observed to be more effective than N-2 or CF4, but less effective than the same mass of water mist, consistent with thermodynamic analyses. Water mist inhibition results were well predicted by a recently developed multiphase flame model. Under these conditions, the burning velocity reduction effectiveness of water mist is approximately 3.5 times greater on a mass basis than for N-2 and CF4 and is comparable to modeled data for CF3Br-inhibited flames. C1 USN, Res Lab, Combust Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Fuss, SP (reprint author), Bur Alcohol Tobacco & Firearms, Fire Res Lab, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 361 EP 368 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80048-7 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KK UT WOS:000182866100044 ER PT J AU Gamezo, VN Khokhlov, AM Oran, ES AF Gamezo, VN Khokhlov, AM Oran, ES TI Effects of wakes on shock-flame interactions and deflagration-to-detonation transition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; HOT-SPOTS AB Two-dimensional reactive Navier-Stokes numerical simulations are used to examine the effects of wakes behind obstacles on shock-flame interactions and deflagration-to-detonation transition in shock-tube experiments. The computations are performed for low-pressure (100 Torr) ethylene/air mixtures using a dynamically adapting computational mesh to resolve flames, shocks, wakes, and vortices in flow. Results of the simulations show that the effect of wakes is similar to the effect of boundary layers studied earlier. The velocity gradient in the wake causes the reflected shock to bifurcate. If the obstacle is large enough, the recirculation area behind the bifurcated shock can entrain the flame, thus accelerating it. The resulting reactive bifurcated structure contains two leading oblique shocks followed by a flame captured by the recirculation flow. This structure grows quickly. Reflections of the oblique bifurcated shocks from side walls create strong Mach stems that can produce hot spots, new flames, and eventually a detonation. The computational results are consistent with experimental observations of flame acceleration behind reflected shocks. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gamezo, VN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2803 EP 2808 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80342-X PN 2 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500169 ER PT J AU Kailasanath, K Patnaik, G Li, C AF Kailasanath, K Patnaik, G Li, C TI The flowfield and performance of pulse detonation engines SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID PROPULSION APPLICATIONS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; FLOWS; WAVES AB Numerical simulations of an idealized pulse detonation engine consisting of a tube closed at one end and open at the other are presented in this paper. Uncertainties noted previously in the specification of open-boundary conditions in one-dimensional simulations are resolved by conducting multidimensional simulations and extracting the needed information. Further confidence in the simulations is gained by comparing some of the computed flow variables with recent experimental data. The results from the simulations are then used to elucidate the detailed features of the flowfield and the role of key parameters that determine the overall propulsive performance. Specific values for the performance measures of a pulse detonation engine operating on a stoichiometric ethylene/oxygen mixture are calculated from the simulations to be 2100 N s/m(3) for the impulse (independent of system size), 163-165 s for the mixture-based specific impulse and 725-740 s for the fuel-based specific impulse. The computed performance measures are found to be in good agreement with most experimental data and an explanation is provided where differences are observed. Results from various simulations are used to arrive at a general expression C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kailasanath, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2855 EP 2862 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80349-2 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500176 ER PT J AU Parr, TP Hanson-Parr, DM Smooke, MD Yetter, RA AF Parr, TP Hanson-Parr, DM Smooke, MD Yetter, RA TI Ammonium perchlorate/(H-2+CO) gaseous fuel diffusion flame studies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV AB Counterflow diffusion flame experiments and modeling results are presented for a fuel mixture consisting of CO and H-2 flowing against decomposition products from a solid ammonium perchlorate (AP) pellet. The flame zone simulates the diffusion flame structure that is expected to exist between reaction products from fine AP crystals and a hydrocarbon binder with the decomposition products from large AP crystals, characteristic of a bimodal AP propellant. Quantitative species and temperature profiles have been measured for a mixture of two fuels, hydrogen and CO, and one strain rate, given by a separation of 5 mm, between the fuel exit and AP surface. Species measured included CN, NH, NO, OH, N-2, O-2, CO2, H-2, CO, 110, and H2O. Temperature was measured using a combination of a thermocouple at the exit, spontaneous Raman scattering measurements throughout the flame, OH rotational population distributions, and NO vibrational population distributions. The burning rate of the AP was also measured for this flame's strain rate. The measured 12 scalars are compared with predictions from a detailed gas-phase kinetics model consisting of 86 species and 531 reactions. Model predictions are found to be in good agreement with experiment and illustrate the type of kinetic features that may be expected to occur in propellants when AP particle size distributions are varied. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Parr, TP (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 4T4320D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2881 EP 2888 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80352-2 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500179 ER PT S AU Agrawal, BN Okano, S AF Agrawal, BN Okano, S BE Kumar, V Basu, PK TI Microelectromechanical systems for spacecraft applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES, VOL 1 & 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Workshop on the Physics of Semiconductor Devices CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL New Delhi, INDIA SP IEEE, Elect Device Soc, Def Res & Dev Org, Minist Informat Technol, Dept Sci & Technol, Council Sci & Ind Res, Int Soc Opt Engn, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Semiconduct Soc India, Indo French High-Tech Equipments, Leica Microsyst Lithog Lts, Cent Electr Ltd AB This paper presents the potential spacecraft applications of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS). New applications for MEMS in spacecraft are emerging continuously. Several universities are developing nanosatellites with mass less than 10kg using MEMS. The impetus for these satellites has been swarm constellation where the function of a large satellite can be performed by a number of much smaller cooperating satellites. The main thrust of MEMS applications. has been on spacecraft attitude determination and control subsystem. The components that have been developed are micro gyroscopes, micro sun sensors, magnetometers, micro cold gas thrusters, solid micro, thruster array, and pulse plasma thrusters. The paper also presents the test results on MEMS gyroscope, QRS-11, developed by British Aerospace. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Spacecraft Res & Design Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Agrawal, BN (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Spacecraft Res & Design Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4500-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4746 BP 1251 EP 1257 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BU90S UT WOS:000177351400249 ER PT B AU Lee, KH AF Lee, KH BE Chung, JS TI An adaptive control for multiple unmanned underwater crawling vehicles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH (2002) ISOPE PACIFIC/ASIA OFFSHORE MECHANICS SYMPOPSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th ISOPE Pacific/Asia Offshore Mechanics Symposium CY NOV 17-20, 2002 CL TAEJON, SOUTH KOREA SP Inst Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers, Korea Comm Ocean Resources & Engn, Korea Res Inst Ships & Ocean Engn DE formation control; adaptive control; fuzzy logic AB This paper presents a methodology to generate a group behavior for Unmanned Underwater Crawling Vehicles (UUCV) having track-style wheels. The methodology with Leader-Follower formation is developed to maximize the search efficiency of targets on three-dimensional mission field by using Fuzzy Logic. The motion of UUCV is constrained by environmental uncertainties which are represented by unknown friction coefficients between the tracks and ground surface, and an unknown topography of the operating field. The Leader-Follower formation is designed under two trajectory generation modes; centralized and decentralized. The commands of all UUCV of the group in centralized mode are assigned by the central command control board or a designated group leader. In the decentralized mode, each vehicle of the group can be a leader and follower except a designated group leader and the two outmost vehicles. As a follower in this mode, each vehicle generates its own commands autonomously to maintain a constraint mutual distance and a velocity between its leader. The controller used in each UUCV, a combination of conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and Adaptive Neural Network Fuzzy Logic (ANNFL), is designed by using multi-objective optimization techniques from which the fixed control gains of PID controller and the adjustable control gains of ANNFL are obtained. In the simulation to implement the formation control of group vehicles, two three-dimensional spline surfaces are used for the topography of the mission area, and the friction coefficient distribution that is taken at random. When the desired command trajectory of a heading with a constant velocity and a constraining mutual distance are given, the behavior of a group of vehicles shows satisfactory results. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn,Dept Navy, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Lee, KH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn,Dept Navy, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA BN 1-880653-59-1 PY 2002 BP 81 EP 88 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BW35C UT WOS:000181657500013 ER PT B AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF GP ISIF ISIF TI Data mining for multi-agent fuzzy decision tree structure and rules SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION 2002) CY JUL 08-11, 2002 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD SP IEEE, Georgia Tech Res Inst, USAF Res Lab, US Dept Defense, Missile Defense Agcy, NAVSEA, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, USN, Off Res, AIAA, IEE DE data mining; knowledge discovery; fuzzy logic; genetic algorithms; genetic programs; resource manager; expert systems ID MULTISENSOR ASSOCIATION ALGORITHM; LOGIC RESOURCE MANAGER; OPTIMIZATION; ALLOCATION AB A fuzzy logic based expert system has been developed that automatically allocates resources in real-time over many dissimilar platforms. The platforms can be very general, e.g., ships, planes, etc. Potential foes can also be general. The resource manager has been embedded in an electronic game environment. This co-evolutionary, game fully automates the data mining problem allowing determination of parameters essential to the resource manager. Pie game allows the resource manager to learn from human experts or computerized enemies. The game does not determine the structure of fuzzy, decision trees. A new data mining algorithm that uses a genetic program, an algorithm that evolves other computer programs, as a data mining function has been developed to solve this problem. It not only, determines the fuzzy decision tree structure it also creates fuzzy, rules while mining scenario data bases. Finally, experimental results are discussed related to both data mining algorithms. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SOC INFORMATION FUSION PI SUNNYVALE PA PO BOX 70188, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086 USA BN 0-9721844-1-4 PY 2002 BP 72 EP 79 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV16Q UT WOS:000178041300010 ER PT B AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF GP ISIF ISIF TI Decision support for rule and technique discovery in an uncertain environment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION 2002) CY JUL 08-11, 2002 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD SP IEEE, Georgia Tech Res Inst, USAF Res Lab, US Dept Defense, Missile Defense Agcy, NAVSEA, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, USN, Off Res, AIAA, IEE DE knowledge discovery; decision support; fuzzy logic; genetic algorithms; expert systems; distributed AI algorithms AB For many applications it is desirable to construct expert systems to be used as decision aids. It is often essential that the algorithm make decisions at least at the quality level of the best human experts according to some measure. The algorithm should not only incorporate human expertise and its related uncertainty,, but also be able to exploit an opponent's uncertainty. In many instances, due to newly emerging paradigms, the necessary, human expertise does not exist. Approaches based on fuzzy logic, fuzzy number theory, evolutionary, algorithms, game theory, and fuzzy linear and nonlinear programming have been developed that allow the automatic inversion of rules from data bases. The rules discovered are shown to be equivalent to rules already developed by human experts or it? the case, where no human being has expertise, to be original. Along with the theoretical basis, an application to electronic warfare, and related experimental results are given. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC INFORMATION FUSION PI SUNNYVALE PA PO BOX 70188, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086 USA BN 0-9721844-1-4 PY 2002 BP 80 EP 87 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV16Q UT WOS:000178041300011 ER PT B AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF GP ISIF ISIF TI Fuzzy logic resource manager: Multi-agent fuzzy rules, self-organization and validation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION 2002) CY JUL 08-11, 2002 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD SP IEEE, Georgia Tech Res Inst, USAF Res Lab, US Dept Defense, Missile Defense Agcy, NAVSEA, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, USN, Off Res, AIAA, IEE DE fuzzy logic; resource management; genetic algorithms; expert systems; distributed AI algorithm AB Modern naval battleforces generally include many different platforms each with onboard sensors such as, radar, ESM, etc. The sharing of information measured by local sensors across the battlegroup should allow for near Optimal decisions. A fuzzy logic algorithm has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack (EA) resources in real-time. The controller must be able to make decisions based on rules provided by experts. The fuzzy logic approach allows the direct incorporation of expertise. Genetic algorithm based optimization is conducted to determine the form of the membership functions for the fuzzy root concepts. Two algorithms for allocating power when faced with uncertainty are discussed. The self-organizing abilities of groups of agents controlled by the resource manager are considered. Methods of validating the resource manager are examined. These include evaluation through the scenario generator, a digital war game environment, the creation of mathematical measures of effectiveness, and other experimental test. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC INFORMATION FUSION PI SUNNYVALE PA PO BOX 70188, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086 USA BN 0-9721844-1-4 PY 2002 BP 199 EP 206 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV16Q UT WOS:000178041300028 ER PT B AU Dambreville, F Le Cadre, JP AF Dambreville, F Le Cadre, JP GP ISIF ISIF TI Search game for a moving target with dynamically generated informations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION 2002) CY JUL 08-11, 2002 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD SP IEEE, Georgia Tech Res Inst, USAF Res Lab, US Dept Defense, Missile Defense Agcy, NAVSEA, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, USN, Off Res, AIAA, IEE DE tactical planning; dynamic context; modes and resource management; search game; active/passive detection AB This paper deals with the tactical planning of the search efforts for a moving target. It refers deeply to the work of Brown-Washburn, related to the multi-step search of a Markovian target. However, this meaningful work is not optimally applicable to tactical situations, where the target may move accordingly to the observations of the possible searcher indiscretions (eg. active modes). On the one hand, the probabilistic Markovian model is too restrictive for describing such target motion. In this paper, a more suitable modeling of the target move is presented (semi-Markovian model). On the other hand, it is necessary to involve the informational context into the planning. These two paradoxical aspects make the issue uneasy. We introduce a model for handling the context notions into the optimization setting, and apply it to a general search example with multiple modes management. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dambreville, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT SOC INFORMATION FUSION PI SUNNYVALE PA PO BOX 70188, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086 USA BN 0-9721844-1-4 PY 2002 BP 243 EP 250 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV16Q UT WOS:000178041300034 ER PT B AU Lynch, RS AF Lynch, RS GP ISIF ISIF TI Performance results of recognizing various class types using classifier decision fusion SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION 2002) CY JUL 08-11, 2002 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD SP IEEE, Georgia Tech Res Inst, USAF Res Lab, US Dept Defense, Missile Defense Agcy, NAVSEA, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, USN, Off Res, AIAA, IEE DE classification; independent training and test data; supervised learning AB Classification performance is compared using data based on waveforms that are transmitted at both low and high frequencies. The waveforms are made up of one low, and one high, bandwidth type. Various features have been extracted from each waveform for training different classifiers. Specifically, the classifier types consist of various neural networks, Weighted voting (Linear), Fishers Linear discriminant, the Expectation Maximization algorithm, and the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm. The contribution of this paper is to show that overall classification performance improves if the decision outputs of the individually trained classifiers are fused using majority voting. Also, it is shown that classification performance depends on the transmitting carrier frequency of the waveforms and the specific configuration of the classes used to train each classifier. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI USA. RP Lynch, RS (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC INFORMATION FUSION PI SUNNYVALE PA PO BOX 70188, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086 USA BN 0-9721844-1-4 PY 2002 BP 266 EP 271 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV16Q UT WOS:000178041300037 ER PT B AU Ainsleigh, P Luginbuhl, T AF Ainsleigh, P Luginbuhl, T GP ISIF ISIF TI Multicomponent signal classification using the PMHT algorithm SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION 2002) CY JUL 08-11, 2002 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD SP IEEE, Georgia Tech Res Inst, USAF Res Lab, US Dept Defense, Missile Defense Agcy, NAVSEA, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, USN, Off Res, AIAA, IEE DE classification; probablistic multi-hypothesis tracking; PMHT; hidden Markov model; HMM; continuous-state HMM; EM algorithm; forward-backward algorithm ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD AB The probabilistic multi-hypothesis tracking (PMHT) algorithm is extended for application to classification. The PMHT model is reformulated as a bank of continuous-state hidden Harkov models, allowing for supervised learning of the class-conditional probability density models, and for likelihood evaluation of multicomponent signals. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ainsleigh, P (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC INFORMATION FUSION PI SUNNYVALE PA PO BOX 70188, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086 USA BN 0-9721844-1-4 PY 2002 BP 751 EP 757 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV16Q UT WOS:000178041300104 ER PT B AU Streit, RL Graham, ML Walsh, MJ AF Streit, RL Graham, ML Walsh, MJ GP ISIF ISIF TI Tracking in hyper-spectral data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOL II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION 2002) CY JUL 08-11, 2002 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD SP IEEE, Georgia Tech Res Inst, USAF Res Lab, US Dept Defense, Missile Defense Agcy, NAVSEA, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, USN, Off Res, AIAA, IEE DE Probabilistic Multi-Hypothesis Tracking (PMHT); hyper-spectral tracking; target tracking; spectral tracking AB This paper builds on previous presentations of the Histogram Probabilistic Multi-Hypothesis Tracking (H-PMHT) algorithm. The histogram model used in H-PMHT is extended to treat hyper-spectral data, i.e., data in which each spatial cell has spectral content. The general case in which each measurement scan consists of a multidimensional array of intensity values (e.g., the "data-cube" of hyper-spectral imaging systems) is treated here. This data array is interpreted as a spatial-spectral histogram Direct application of H-PMHT to such data would track local energy peaks in the spatial-spectral domain; however, this approach is sub-optimal when the spatial track is of principle interest and the energy source has significant spectral extent. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Streit, RL (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC INFORMATION FUSION PI SUNNYVALE PA PO BOX 70188, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086 USA BN 0-9721844-2-2 PY 2002 BP 852 EP 859 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BV19H UT WOS:000178107500015 ER PT B AU Torrez, WC Bamber, D Goodman, IR Nguyen, HT AF Torrez, WC Bamber, D Goodman, IR Nguyen, HT GP ISIF ISIF TI A new method for representing linguistic quantifications by random sets with applications to tracking and data fusion SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOL II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION 2002) CY JUL 08-11, 2002 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD SP IEEE, Georgia Tech Res Inst, USAF Res Lab, US Dept Defense, Missile Defense Agcy, NAVSEA, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, USN, Off Res, AIAA, IEE DE fuzzy logic; random sets; second order probability; reasoning; tracking & correlation; data fusion ID EVENT ALGEBRA; PROBABILITY; LOGIC; FOUNDATIONS AB There is an obvious need to be able to integrate both linguistic-based and stochastic-based input information in data fusion. In particular, this need is critical in addressing problems of track association, including cyber-state intrusions. This paper treats this issue through a new insight into how three apparently distinct mathematical tools can be combined: "boolean relational event algebra" (BREA), "one point random set coverage representations of fuzzy sets" (OPRSC), and "complexity-reducing algorithm for near optimal fusion" (CRANOF). C1 USN, War Coll, CNO Strat Studies Grp, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Torrez, WC (reprint author), USN, War Coll, CNO Strat Studies Grp, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SOC INFORMATION FUSION PI SUNNYVALE PA PO BOX 70188, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086 USA BN 0-9721844-2-2 PY 2002 BP 1308 EP 1315 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BV19H UT WOS:000178107500078 ER PT J AU Mclaughlin, S Haque, I AF Mclaughlin, S Haque, I TI Development of a multi-body simulation model of a Winston Cup valvetrain to study valve bounce SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART K-JOURNAL OF MULTI-BODY DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE valvetrain dynamics; multi-body systems; ADAMS; valve bounce AB Valvetrain dynamics is an important factor in the development of engines that operate at high rotational speeds. Valve bounce, which occurs at different speeds in the operating range of the engine, can severely limit the ability of the engine to develop peak power owing to the inability of the valves to seal appropriately. The objective of the work reported in this paper is to develop a model of a Winston Cup (WC) engine valvetrain that can predict the dynamics of the valvetrain at high speed. This model can then be used to develop a more complete understanding of the valvetrain motion and to aid effective design of valvetrains. The model is developed in the ADAMS environment. It contains a flexible pushrod, a flexible rocker arm and lift-off among all components, the mass of the valve springs, and a fluctuating rocker arm ratio. Also included in the model is damping in the valve spring and friction at the rocker arm pivot. Finite element analyses (FEAs) were conducted in order to obtain accurate data for pushrod and rocker arm stiffnesses, and to obtain the frequency response characteristics of the valve springs. The model data represent an actual engine used in WC racing. The model is run at different speeds to determine its dynamic characteristics and to verify its response with models developed previously by other researchers. Valve bounce predictions from the simulation model are compared with measured data from a Spintron test of an identical valvetrain configuration. The results indicate that the model accurately predicts the speeds of maximum valve bounce. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Close Air Support Branch, Div Aircraft, Pax River, MD USA. RP Haque, I (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Room 201,Fluor Daniel Bldg, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 1464-4193 J9 P I MECH ENG K-J MUL JI Proc. Inst. Mech Eng Pt K-J Multi-Body Dyn. PY 2002 VL 216 IS 3 BP 237 EP 248 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 595ZQ UT WOS:000178138500004 ER PT B AU Tieman, J Schmalzel, J Krchnavek, R AF Tieman, J Schmalzel, J Krchnavek, R GP ISA/IEEE ISA/IEEE TI Design of a MEMS-Based, 3-axis accelerometer smart sensor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ISA/IEEE SENSORS FOR INDUSTRY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd ISA/IEEE Sensors for Industry Conference CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Instrumentat Syst & Automat Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc AB Accelerometers are used for a number of physical measurements in aerospace, defense, automotive, household appliances, instrumentation, transport, material handling, etc. Recently micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technologies have been used to manufacture accelerometers. MEMS sensors include transducer elements and the necessary signal conditioning electronics integrated together on a single integrated circuit (IC). This paper describes the design of a low-cost, compact MEMS-based smart sensor system for 3-axis acceleration measurement using only commercial off the shelf (COTS) components. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. RP Tieman, J (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Bldg 562-3,Code 4-8-1-3, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ISA, INSTRUMENTATION, SYSTEM AND AUTOMATION SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 67 ALEXANDER DR, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA BN 1-55617-834-4 PY 2002 BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV90N UT WOS:000180355800004 ER PT S AU Baker, WE Garner, JC AF Baker, WE Garner, JC BE Wilson, A TI Full Sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer (FAME) electrical power system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH EUROPEAN SPACE POWER CONFERENCE (ESPC) SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Space Power Conference (ESPC) CY MAY 06-10, 2002 CL OPORTO, PORTUGAL SP European Space Agcy, Univ Porto, Fac Engenharia, EFACEC, Sistemas Electr SA AB The Full-sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer (FAME) will perform an all sky astrometric survey with unprecedented accuracy. FAME will improve the accuracy of star positions determined by Hipparcos and also expand the volume of space for which accurate positions are known by a factor of 8,000. FAME uses a Hipparcos style observing concept to scan the sky. FAME employs a slowly spinning spacecraft with a passive attitude control system. The FAME Electrical Power System (EPS) uses a high efficiency solar cell array, a lithium ion (Li-Ion) battery and heritage electronics in a battery_on_bus architecture to provide power to all subsystems during all mission phases. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baker, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-812-3 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2002 VL 502 BP 147 EP 151 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BU53K UT WOS:000176274600023 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Addison, SR AF Gray, JE Addison, SR GP IEEE IEEE TI Charcteristic functions in radar and sonar SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 18-19, 2002 CL UNIV ALABAMA, HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc, Dynetics Inc, Z I Imaging Corp, Appl Data Trends Inc, Sigmatech, Adtran, Colsa Corp, Allied Photocopy, Global DocuGraphiX HO UNIV ALABAMA DE characteristic functions; change-of-variables; density functions AB We often encounter problems that involve either non-linear or multi-dimensional combinations of random variables. One would like to be able to determine the probability density function of these combinations. The individual components that contribute to the combination are assumed known, but the combination is not known. Computations to determine this combined PDF are tedious and difficult to accomplish in most cases. We propose a simpler means to bypass many of these difficulties. By using Fourier analysis and application of the definition of the Dirac delta function, the proper form the combined PDF is obtained with considerable simplification. The motivation for this is engineering applications that occur frequently in radar applications that involve combinations of probability density functions. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code B-32, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RI Addison, Stephen/C-6068-2013 OI Addison, Stephen/0000-0003-1196-6030 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-7339-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2002 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1109/SSST.2002.1026999 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU96K UT WOS:000177507700007 ER PT S AU Foreman, TL AF Foreman, TL GP IEEE IEEE TI Ambiguity diagram performance for clutter-limited detectors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 18-19, 2002 CL UNIV ALABAMA, HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc, Dynetics Inc, Z I Imaging Corp, Appl Data Trends Inc, Sigmatech, Adtran, Colsa Corp, Allied Photocopy, Global DocuGraphiX HO UNIV ALABAMA DE radar; ambiguity diagram; detection theory AB This paper address the ambiguity diagram performance of discrete time clutter-limited detector. These detectors are different than matched filters and have very low range-time sidelobes. The ambiguity function is presented for two versions of the clutter-limited detectors and the ambiguity diagrams are plotted and compared to the standard matched filter ambiguity diagram. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Foreman, TL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code T45,17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-7339-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2002 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1109/SSST.2002.1027000 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU96K UT WOS:000177507700008 ER PT S AU Retsas, I Pieper, R Cristi, R AF Retsas, I Pieper, R Cristi, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Watermark recovery with a DCT based scheme employing nonuniform imbedding SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 18-19, 2002 CL UNIV ALABAMA, HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc, Dynetics Inc, Z I Imaging Corp, Appl Data Trends Inc, Sigmatech, Adtran, Colsa Corp, Allied Photocopy, Global DocuGraphiX HO UNIV ALABAMA DE digital watermark; discrete cosine transform; JPEG compression; multimedia security ID IMAGES AB Digital Watermarking is a highly evolving field, which involves the embedding of a digital signature under a multimedia object (image, video, audio) for the purpose of copyright protection. In our paper we propose a method of embedding watermarks in still digital images in the DCT domain. A unique approach of rating the 8x8 blocks of the image DCT coefficients is proposed. The experimental results show sufficient robustness of the proposed scheme to common attacks such as cropping, and JPEG lossy compression. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Retsas, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-7339-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2002 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1109/SSST.2002.1027025 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU96K UT WOS:000177507700033 ER PT S AU Vasek, MG O'Brien, RT AF Vasek, MG O'Brien, RT GP IEEE IEEE TI Bang-bang control of double integrator systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 18-19, 2002 CL UNIV ALABAMA, HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc, Dynetics Inc, Z I Imaging Corp, Appl Data Trends Inc, Sigmatech, Adtran, Colsa Corp, Allied Photocopy, Global DocuGraphiX HO UNIV ALABAMA DE double integrator systems; bang-bang control AB A bang-bang control algorithm is presented for controlling double integrator systems. This algorithm requires measurements of position only. The performance and robustness of the algorithm is investigated using numerical simulation and hardware implementation. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Vasek, MG (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-7339-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2002 BP 275 EP 278 DI 10.1109/SSST.2002.1027050 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU96K UT WOS:000177507700058 ER PT S AU Burns, SR O'Brien, RT Piepmeier, JA AF Burns, SR O'Brien, RT Piepmeier, JA GP IEEE IEEE TI Steering controller design using scale-model vehicles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 18-19, 2002 CL UNIV ALABAMA, HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc, Dynetics Inc, Z I Imaging Corp, Appl Data Trends Inc, Sigmatech, Adtran, Colsa Corp, Allied Photocopy, Global DocuGraphiX HO UNIV ALABAMA DE vehicle dynamics; scale-model vehicles; Advanced Vehicle Control AB A scale-model, experimental apparatus is developed to design and evaluate steering controller designs. The controller is designed using Linear Quadratic optimal control methods on a standard four-state vehicle model. The apparatus simulates the human driver using a scale-model vehicle, a treadmill, and a vision system. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Burns, SR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-7339-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2002 BP 476 EP 478 DI 10.1109/SSST.2002.1027092 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU96K UT WOS:000177507700100 ER PT S AU Lazio, TJW Fischer, J Foster, RS AF Lazio, TJW Fischer, J Foster, RS BE Lacoste, H TI Far-infrared ISO limits on dust disks around millisecond pulsars SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON P32 OVERSAMPLED MAPPING - ISOPHOT SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISOPHOT Workshop on PHT32 Oversampled Mapping CY MAR 26-30, 2001 CL PASADENA, CA SP Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr DE accretion accretion disks; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; pulsars : general ID SEARCH; PROTOPLANETARY; BINARY AB We report 60 and 90 mum observations of 7 millisecond pulsars with the ISOPHOT instrument and describe our analysis procedures. No pulsars were detected, and typical (3sigma) upper limits are 150 mJy. We combine our results with others in the literature and use them to place constraints on the existence of protoplanetary or dust disks around millisecond pulsars. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lazio, TJW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-769-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2002 VL 482 BP 83 EP 85 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW25G UT WOS:000181336500016 ER PT J AU Chavez, FP Collins, CA Huyer, A Mackas, DL AF Chavez, FP Collins, CA Huyer, A Mackas, DL TI El Nino along the west coast of North America SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Chavez, FP (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. NR 7 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 54 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 5 AR PII S0079-6611(02)00040-X DI 10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00040-X PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 598ZZ UT WOS:000178308900001 ER PT J AU Durazo, R Baumgartner, TR AF Durazo, R Baumgartner, TR TI Evolution of oceanographic conditions off Baja California: 1997-1999 SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on El Nino Along the West Coast of North America CY DEC 06-09, 1999 CL MOSS LANDING, CALIFORNIA ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; EL-NINO SIGNAL; CURRENT SYSTEM; WEST-COAST; UNITED-STATES; VARIABILITY; WATER; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION AB This paper examines the oceanic response off Baja California, Mexico, to the 1997-1998 El Nino and the transition to La Nina conditions. The data presented were gathered during seven cruises over a grid based on the CaICOFI station plan, from lines 100-130, out to station 80. T-S diagrams with data obtained during the peak phase of El Nino, demonstrate that warmer and saltier (spicier) than normal conditions prevailed in the upper 600 m over this region. Temperature and salinity anomalies calculated for CalCOFI line 120 revealed waters near the coast at 50 m depth to be up to 8.7 degreesC warmer and S = 0.8 saltier than the climatology during October 1997. These large anomalies persisted through January 1998, with some slight diminution in the magnitudes near the surface. This study suggests that anomalously warm and salty waters were fed from a source of spicy water to the southwest, identified as Subtropical Surface Water (StSW), and that low-salinity Tropical surface waters (TSW) were blocked to the southeast in the vicinity of the tip of the Peninsula. Subsurface waters associated with the California undercurrent (CU), fed from the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), were also warmer and saltier than normal, and indicate a significant expansion in volume of the CU, presumably a result of intensification of poleward flow at depth. We postulate that the well defined near-surface and deep poleward flows in the study area reflect anomalous large-scale cyclonic circulation affecting the flow in the southeastern region of the North Pacific subtropical gyre east of 125degreesW. Following the El Nino event, warm and salty upper waters retreated to latitudes south of Punta Eugenia. With the return to normal and cooler conditions, equatorward flow over the sampling grid predominated with an increased meandering and mesoscale activity. Transition to La Nina conditions would have been associated with re-establishment of normal anticyclonic flow in the southeastern quadrant of the Pacific subtropical gyre. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Oc Dz, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Life Res Grp, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Durazo, R (reprint author), UABC, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Apdo Postal 453, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. NR 40 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 54 IS 1-4 BP 7 EP 31 AR PII S0079-6611(02)00041-1 DI 10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00041-1 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 598ZZ UT WOS:000178308900002 ER PT J AU Collins, CA Castro, CG Asanuma, H Rago, TA Han, SK Durazo, R Chavez, FP AF Collins, CA Castro, CG Asanuma, H Rago, TA Han, SK Durazo, R Chavez, FP TI Changes in the hydrography of Central California waters associated with the 1997-98 El Nino SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on El Nino Along the West Coast of North America CY DEC 06-09, 1999 CL MOSS LANDING, CALIFORNIA ID ROSSBY WAVES; UNDERCURRENT; VARIABILITY; EPISODE; PACIFIC; ONSET AB Oceanographic conditions off Central California were monitored by means of a series of 13 hydrographic cruises between February 1997 and January 1999, which measured water properties along an oceanographic section perpendicular to the California Coast. The 1997-98 El Nino event was defined by higher than normal sea levels at Monterey, which began in June 1997, peaked in November 1997, and returned to normal in March 1998. The warming took place in two distinct periods. During June and July 1997, the sea level increased as a result of stronger than normal coastal warming below 200 dbars and within 100 km of the coast, which was associated with poleward flow of saltier waters. During this period, deeper (400-1000 dbar) waters between 150-200 km from shore were also warmed and became more saline. Subsequently, sea level continued to rise through January 1998, mostly as a result of the warming above 200 dbars although, after a brief period of cooling in September 1997, waters below 200 dbar were also warmer than normal during this period. This winter warm anomaly was also coastally trapped, extending 200 km from shore and was accompanied by cooler and fresher water in the offshore California current. In March and April 1998, sea level dropped quickly to normal levels and inshore waters were fresher and warmer than the previous spring and flowed southward. The warming was consistent with equatorial forcing of Central California waters via propagation of Kelvin or coastally-trapped waves. The observed change in heat content associated with the 1997-98 El Nino was the same as that observed during the previous seasonal cycle. The warming and freshening events were similar to events observed during the 1957-58 and 1982-83 El Ninos. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Undersea Warfare Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Collins, CA (reprint author), 1400 Fredericks St, San Luis Obispo, CA 93405 USA. OI Castro, Carmen G./0000-0001-7415-078X NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 54 IS 1-4 BP 129 EP 147 AR PII S0079-6611(02)00046-0 DI 10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00046-0 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 598ZZ UT WOS:000178308900007 ER PT J AU Castro, CG Collins, CA Walz, P Pennington, JT Michisaki, RP Friederich, G Chavez, FP AF Castro, CG Collins, CA Walz, P Pennington, JT Michisaki, RP Friederich, G Chavez, FP TI Nutrient variability during El Nino 1997-98 in the California current system off central California SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on El Nino Along the West Coast of North America CY DEC 06-09, 1999 CL MOSS LANDING, CALIFORNIA ID POINT SUR; SIGNAL AB Nutrient conditions off central California during the 1997-98 El Nino are described. Data were collected on 11 cruises from March 1997 to January 1999 along a hydrographic section off central California, as well as every two weeks at a coastal station in Monterey Bay. Perturbations associated with El Nino are shown as anomalies of thermohaline and nutrient distributions along this section. The anomalies were obtained by subtracting seasonal averages for the period from April 1988 to April 1991 from the 1997-98 observations. The first indications of El Nino conditions (high sea levels) were observed at Monterey between late May and early June 1997, but the coastal nutricline did not begin to deepen until August 1997. It reached maximum depth of 130 dbar in January 1998 at the time that maximum sea level anomalies were observed. During this period: (1) the highest subsurface temperature anomalies coincided with subsurface nutrient anomaly minima at the depth of the pycnocline; (2) southern saline and nutrient-poor waters occupied the upper 80 dbar of the water column along the entire section; and (3) nitrate levels were close to zero in the euphotic zone, collapsing the potential new primary production in the coastal domain. At the end of February 1998, the nutricline shoaled to 40 dbar at the coast although it remained anomalously deep offshore. Higher temperatures and lower nutrient levels were observed for the entire section through August 1998 although in contrast with the previous winter, there was a strong freshening mainly due to an onshore movement of subarctic waters. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chavez, FP (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. OI Castro, Carmen G./0000-0001-7415-078X NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 54 IS 1-4 BP 171 EP 184 AR PII S0079-6611(02)00048-4 DI 10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00048-4 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 598ZZ UT WOS:000178308900009 ER PT J AU Chavez, FP Pennington, JT Castro, CG Ryan, JP Michisaki, RP Schlining, B Walz, P Buck, KR McFadyen, A Collins, CA AF Chavez, FP Pennington, JT Castro, CG Ryan, JP Michisaki, RP Schlining, B Walz, P Buck, KR McFadyen, A Collins, CA TI Biological and chemical consequences of the 1997-1998 El Nino in central California waters SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on El Nino Along the West Coast of North America CY DEC 06-09, 1999 CL MOSS LANDING, CA ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MONTEREY BAY; SEA-LEVEL; PHYTOPLANKTON; CHLOROPHYLL; VARIABILITY; SYSTEM; NORTH AB The physical, chemical and biological perturbations in central California waters associated with the strong 19971998 El Nino are described and explained on the basis of time series collected from ships, moorings, tide gauges and satellites. The evolution of El Nino off California closely followed the pattern observed in the tropical Pacific. In June 1997 an anomalous influx of warm southerly waters, with weak signatures on coastal sea level and thermocline depth, marked the onset of El Nino in central California. The timing was consistent with propagation from the tropics via the equatorial and coastal wave-guide. By late 1997, the classical stratified ocean condition with a deep thermocline, high sea level, and warm sea surface temperature (SST) commonly associated with El Nino dominated the coastal zone. During the first half of 1998 the core of the California Current, which is normally detected several hundred kilometers from shore as a river of low salinity, low nutrient water, was hugging the coast. High nutrient, productive waters that occur in a north-south band from the coast to approximately 200 km offshore during cool years disappeared during El Nino. The nitrate in surface waters was less than 20% of normal and new production was reduced by close to 70%. The La Nina recovery phase began in the fall of 1998 when SSTs dropped below normal, and ocean productivity rebounded to higher than normal levels. The reduction in coastal California primary productivity associated with El Nino was estimated to be 50 million metric tons of carbon (5 X 10(13)gC). This reduction certainly had deleterious effects on zooplankton, fish, and marine mammals. The 1992-1993 El Nino was more moderate than the 1997-1998 event, but because its duration was longer, its overall chemical and biological impact may have been comparable. How strongly the ecosystem responds to El Nino appears related to the longer-term background climatic state of the Pacific Ocean. The 1982-1983 and 1992-1993 El Ninos occurred during the warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The PDO may have changed sign during the 1997-1998 El Nino, resulting in weaker ecological effects than would otherwise have been predicted based on the strength of the temperature anomaly. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Chavez, FP (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 9644-7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM chfr@mbari.org OI Castro, Carmen G./0000-0001-7415-078X NR 58 TC 142 Z9 144 U1 3 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 54 IS 1-4 BP 205 EP 232 AR PII S0079-6611(02)00050-2 DI 10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00050-2 PG 28 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 598ZZ UT WOS:000178308900011 ER PT J AU Wilkerson, FP Dugdale, RC Marchi, A Collins, CA AF Wilkerson, FP Dugdale, RC Marchi, A Collins, CA TI Hydrography, nutrients and chlorophyll during El Nino and La Nina 1997-99 winters in the Gulf of the Farallones, California SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on El Nino Along the West Coast of North America CY DEC 06-09, 1999 CL MOSS LANDING, CALIFORNIA DE USA; California; Gulf of Farallones; San Francisco Bay; El Nino; La Nina ID SUBTIDAL CURRENTS; UPWELLING REGION; CIRCULATION; UNDERCURRENT; RELAXATION; SETTLEMENT; ADJACENT; DYNAMICS; WATERS; CYCLES AB Nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations were measured in January 1997, 1998 and 1999 in the Gulf of the Farallones, CA at locations stretching north/south from Point Reyes to Half Moon Bay, and seaward from the Golden Gate to the Farallon Islands. The cruises were all carried out during periods of high river flow, but under different climatological conditions with 1997 conditions described as relatively typical or 'neutral/normal', compared to the El Nino warmer water temperatures in 1998, and the cooler La Nina conditions in 1999. Near-shore sea-surface temperatures ranged from cold (9.5-10.5degreesC) during La Nina 1999, to average (11-13degreesC) during 1997 to warm (13.5-15degreesC) during El Nino 1998. Nutrients are supplied to the Gulf of the Farallones both from San Francisco Bay (SFB) and from oceanic sources, e.g. coastal upwelling near Point Reyes. Nutrient supplies are strongly influenced by the seasonal cycle of fall calms, with storms (commencing in January), and the spring transition to high pressure and northerly upwelling favorable winds. The major effect of El Nino and La Nina climatic conditions was to modulate the relative contribution of SFB to nutrient concentrations in the coastal waters of the Gulf of the Farallones; this was intensified during the El Nino winter and reduced during La Nina. During January 1998 (El Nino) the oceanic water was warm and had low or undetectable nitrate, that did not reach the coast. Instead, SFB dominated the supply of nutrients to the coastal waters. Additionally, these data indicate that silicate may be a good tracker of SFB water. In January, delta outflow into SFB produces low salinity, high silicate, high nitrate water that exits the bay at the Golden Gate and is advected northward along the coast. This occurred in both 1997 and 1998. However during January 1999, a La Nina, this SFB feature was reduced and the near-shore water was more characteristic of high salinity oceanic water penetrated all the way to the coast and was cold (10degreesC) and nutrient rich (16 muM NO3, 30 muM Si(OH)(4)). January chlorophyll concentrations ranged from 1-1.5 mug 1(-1) in all years with the highest values measured in 1999 (2.5-3 mug 1(-1)) as a result of elevated nutrients in the area. The impact of climatic conditions on chlorophyll concentrations was not as pronounced as might be expected from the high temperatures and low nutrient concentrations measured offshore during El Nino due to the sustained supply of nutrients from the Bay supporting continued primary production. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wilkerson, FP (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, 3152 Paradise Dr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 54 IS 1-4 BP 293 EP 310 AR PII S0079-6611(02)00055-1 DI 10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00055-1 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 598ZZ UT WOS:000178308900016 ER PT J AU Schwing, FB Murphree, T deWitt, L Green, PM AF Schwing, FB Murphree, T deWitt, L Green, PM TI The evolution of oceanic and atmospheric anomalies in the northeast Pacific during the El Nino and La Nina events of 1995-2001 SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on El Nino Along the West Coast of North America CY DEC 06-09, 1999 CL MOSS LANDING, CA DE atmospheric circulation; climate; El Nino phenomena; eastern boundary currents; upwelling ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; WEST-COAST; SEA-LEVEL; CLIMATE OSCILLATIONS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; REGIME SHIFTS; WIND STRESS; HEAT-FLUX AB From late 1995 through early 2001, three major interannual climate events occurred in the tropical Pacific; the 199597 La Nina (LN), 1997-98 El Nino (EN), and 1998-2001 LN. We analyze atmospheric and upper oceanic anomalies in the northeast Pacific (NEP) during these events, and compare them to anomalies both elsewhere in the north and tropical Pacific, and to typical EN and LN anomaly patterns. The atmospheric and oceanic anomalies varied strongly on intraseasonal and interannual scales. During the 1995-97 LN and 1997-98 EN, the Northeast Pacific was dominated by negative SLP and cyclonic wind anomalies, and by upper ocean temperature and sea surface height (SSH) anomalies. The latter were positive along the North American west coast and in the NEP thermal anomaly pool (between Hawaii, Vancouver Island, and Baja California), and negative in the central north Pacific. This atmospheric/oceanic anomaly pattern is typical of EN. An eastward shift in the atmospheric teleconnection from east Asia created EN-like anomalies in the NEP during the 1995-97 LN, well before the 1997-98 EN had begun. The persistence of negative sea-level pressure (SLP) and cyclonic wind anomalies in the NEP during the 1997-98 EN intensified pre-existing upper oceanic anomalies. Atmospheric anomalies were shifted eastward during late 1996-early 1998, leading to a similar onshore shift of oceanic anomalies. This produced exceptionally strong positive upper ocean temperature and SSH anomalies along the west coast during the 1997-98 EN, and explains the unusual coastal occurrences of several species of large pelagic warm-water fishes. The growth and eastward shift of these pre-existing anomalies does not appear to have been linked to tropical Pacific EN anomalies until late 1997, when a clear atmospheric teleconnection between the two regions developed. Prior to this, remote atmospheric impacts on the NEP were primarily from east Asia. As the 19982001 LN developed, NEP anomalies began reversing toward the typical LN pattern. This led to predominantly negative SLP and cyclonic wind anomalies in the NEP, and upper ocean temperature and SSH anomalies that were mainly negative along the west coast and positive in the central north Pacific. The persistence of these anomalies into mid-2001, and a number of concurrent biological changes in the NEP, suggest that a decadal climate shift may have occurred in late 1998. During 1995-2001, NEP oceanic anomalies tracked the overlying atmospheric anomalies, as indicated by the maintenance of a characteristic spatial relationship between these anomalies. In particular, wind stress curl and SSH anomalies in the NEP maintained an inverse relationship that strengthened and shifted eastward toward the west coast during late 1996-early 1998. This consistent relationship indicates that anomalous Ekman transport driven by regional atmospheric forcing was an important contributor to temperature and SSH anomalies in the NEP and CCS during the 1997-98 EN. Other studies have shown that coastal propagations originating from the tropical Pacific also may have contributed to coastal NEP anomalies during this EN. Our results indicate that at least some of this coastal anomaly signal may have been generated by regional atmospheric forcing within the NEP. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NOAA, NMFS, SWFSC, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Schwing, FB (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, SWFSC, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM fschwing@pfeg.noaa.gov NR 64 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 54 IS 1-4 BP 459 EP 491 AR PII S0079-6611(02)00064-2 DI 10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00064-2 PG 33 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 598ZZ UT WOS:000178308900025 ER PT J AU Castro, CG Baumgartner, TR Bograd, S Castro, R Chavez, FP Collins, CA Durazo, R Garcia, J Gaxiola-Castro, G Hayward, T Huyer, A Lynn, R Mascarenhas, AS Robert, MRD Smith, RL Wheeler, PA Whitney, FA AF Castro, CG Baumgartner, TR Bograd, S Castro, R Chavez, FP Collins, CA Durazo, R Garcia, J Gaxiola-Castro, G Hayward, T Huyer, A Lynn, R Mascarenhas, AS Robert, MRD Smith, RL Wheeler, PA Whitney, FA TI Introduction to 'The 1997-8 El Nino Atlas of oceanographic conditions along the west coast of North America (23 degrees N-50 degrees N)' SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on El Nino Along the West Coast of North America CY DEC 06-09, 1999 CL MOSS LANDING, CALIFORNIA AB Hydrographic data collected along the West Coast of North America between January 1997 and January 1999 have been compiled into a web-based Atlas of the 1997-8 El Nino event. This paper discusses the organization of the Atlas, describes the data that were incorporated into the Atlas and explains how vertical and horizontal distributions for the different properties were constructed. Examples of figures from the Atlas are shown. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Ctr Invest Cientifica & Educ Super Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Life Res Grp, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Castro, CG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd,Rm 328, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Castro, Carmen G./0000-0001-7415-078X NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 54 IS 1-4 BP 503 EP 511 AR PII S0079-6611(02)00066-6 DI 10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00066-6 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 598ZZ UT WOS:000178308900027 ER PT J AU Schwing, FB Murphree, T Green, PM AF Schwing, FB Murphree, T Green, PM TI The Northern Oscillation Index (NOI): a new climate index for the northeast Pacific SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID 1997-98 EL-NINO; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; WIND STRESS; HEAT-FLUX; OCEAN; HEMISPHERE AB We introduce the Northern Oscillation Index (NOI), a new index of climate variability based on the difference in sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies at the North Pacific High (NPH) in the northeast Pacific (NEP) and near Darwin, Australia, in a climatologically low SLP region. These two locations are centers of action for the north Pacific Hadley-Walker atmospheric circulation. SLPs at these sites have a strong negative correlation that reflects their roles in this circulation. Global atmospheric circulation anomaly patterns indicate that the NEP is linked to the western tropical Pacific and southeast Asia via atmospheric wave trains associated with fluctuations in this circulation. Thus the NOI represents a wide range of tropical and extratropical climate events impacting the north Pacific on intraseasonal, interannual, and decadal scales. The NOI is roughly the north Pacific equivalent of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), but extends between the tropics and extratropics. Because the NOI is partially based in the NEP, it provides a more direct indication of the mechanisms by which global-scale climate events affect the north Pacific and North America. The NOI is dominated by interannual variations associated with El Nino and La Nina (EN/LN) events. Large positive (negative) index values are usually associated with LN (EN) and negative (positive) upper ocean temperature anomalies in the NEP, particularly along the North American west coast. The NOI and SOI are highly correlated, but are clearly different in several respects. EN/LN variations tend to be represented by larger swings in the NOI. Forty percent of the interannual moderate and strong interannual NOI events are seen by the SOI as events that are either weak or opposite in sign. The NOI appears to be a better index of environmental variability in the NEP than the SOI, and NPH SLP alone, suggesting the NOI is more effective at incorporating the influences of regional and remotely teleconnected climate processes. The NOI contains alternating decadal-scale periods dominated by positive and negative values, suggesting substantial climate shifts on a roughly 14-year 'cycle'. The NOI was predominantly positive prior to 1965, during 1970-1976 and 1984-1991, and since 1998. Negative values predominated in 1965-1970, 1977-1983, and 1991-1998. In the NEP, interannual and decadal-scale negative NOI periods (e.g. EN events) are generally associated with weaker trade winds, weaker coastal upwelling-favorable winds, warmer upper ocean temperatures, lower Pacific Northwest salmon catch, higher Alaska salmon catch, and generally decreased macrozooplankton biomass off southern California. The opposite physical and biological patterns generally occur where the index is positive. Simultaneous correlations of the NOI with north Pacific upper ocean temperature anomalies are greatest during the boreal winter and spring, Lagged correlations, of the winter and spring NOI with subsequent upper ocean temperatures are high for several seasons. The relationships between the NOI and atmospheric and physical and biological oceanic anomalies in the NEP indicate this index is a useful diagnostic of climate change in the NEP, and suggest mechanisms linking variations in the physical environment to marine resources on interannual to decadal climate scales. The NOI time series is available online at: http://www.pfeg.noaa.gov. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Schwing, FB (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. NR 56 TC 129 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 53 IS 2-4 BP 115 EP 139 AR PII S0079-6611(02)00027-7 DI 10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00027-7 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 574QF UT WOS:000176900500002 ER PT J AU Pavlopoulos, TG AF Pavlopoulos, TG TI Scaling of dye lasers with improved laser dyes SO PROGRESS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Review ID TRIPLET EXTINCTION COEFFICIENTS; PYRROMETHENE-BF2 COMPLEXES; EFFICIENT; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; STATE AB Dye lasers are widely used in spectroscopic research because they, provide tunable, coherent radiation. They employ highly fluorescent organic compounds, possessing some specific spectroscopic properties, dissolved in organic solvents. These liquid media are cooled by circulation. The liquid media, the dye solutions, have no scaling limitation. However, large dye lasers that generate high-energy and high average-power outputs do not exist because of the lack of a scalable pump source. Presently, pulsed and CW lasers and short-pulse small flashlamp, are mainly used for pumping laser dyes. Only these pump sources are able to overcome the excessive triplet-state losses (TSLs) present in presently available laser dyes. These TSLs result, in part, from fairly large triplet ab sorption coefficients, epsilon(T)(lambda(F)), of transient triplet-state dye molecules generated during excitation. Using new laser dyes that possess smaller triplet absorption coefficients should not only improve laser-action efficiencies, but should also allow pumping with large, long-pulse flashlamps and possibly with laser diode arrays and incoherent light sources. These pump sources are scalable and therefore would further increase overall outputs. This paper details TSL, vibronic spin-orbit interactions in heterocyclics, and other spectroscopic parameters affecting laser-action properties. Pump sources for dye lasers, especially flashlamps, are also reviewed. Criteria that can be used to identify candidate laser dyes for efficient long-pulse operation are provided. These are the so-called quasi-aromatics (QAs), five- and six-membered heterocyclics, and are identified as possessing small epsilon(T)(lambda(F)) values. The pyrromethene-BF2 complexes are representatives of such QAs. There should be many candidates that exhibit efficient laser action in different spectral regions, under long-pulse, large flashlamp pumping. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 56 TC 59 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6727 J9 PROG QUANT ELECTRON JI Prog. Quantum Electron. PY 2002 VL 26 IS 4-5 BP 193 EP 224 AR PII S0079-6727(02)00005-8 DI 10.1016/S0079-6727(02)00005-8 PG 32 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 615BE UT WOS:000179225300001 ER PT S AU Walters, RJ Summers, GP AF Walters, RJ Summers, GP BE Jones, ED Manasreh, O Choquette, KD Friedman, DJ Johnstone, DK TI Space radiation effects in advanced solar cell materials and devices SO PROGRESS IN SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Progress in Semiconductor Materials for Optoelectron Applications held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB An investigation of the physical mechanisms governing the response of III-V based solar cells to particle irradiation is presented. The effect of particle irradiation on single and multijunction solar cells is studied through current vs. voltage, spectral response, and deep level transient spectroscopy measurements. The basic radiation response mechanisms are identified, and their effects on the solar cell electrical performance are described. In particular, a detailed analysis of multijunction InxGa1-xP/InyGa1-yAs/Ge devices is presented. The MJ cell response is found to be more strongly affected by the internal cell structure than by the In content. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-628-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 692 BP 569 EP 580 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU86U UT WOS:000177250200082 ER PT B AU Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Twigg, ME Fatemi, M AF Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Twigg, ME Fatemi, M BE Balestra, F Nazarov, A Lysenko, VS TI On scaling the thin film Si thickness of SOI substrates - A perspective on wafer bonding for thin film devices SO PROGRESS IN SOI STRUCTURES AND DEVICES OPERATING AT EXTREME CONDITIONS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Progress in SOI Structures and Devices Operating at Extreme Conditions CY OCT 15-20, 2000 CL KIEV, UKRAINE SP NATO ID ETCH-BACK; SILICON; LAYER C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hobart, KD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0575-X J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2002 VL 58 BP 299 EP 308 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU74P UT WOS:000176887600023 ER PT J AU Cava, RJ DiSalvo, FJ Brus, LE Dunbar, KR Gorman, CB Haile, SM Interrante, LV Musfeldt, JL Navrotsky, A Nuzzo, RG Pickett, WE Wilkinson, AP Ahn, C Allen, JW Burns, PC Ceder, G Chidsey, CED Clegg, W Coronado, E Dai, HJ Deem, MW Dunn, BS Galli, G Jacobson, AJ Kanatzidis, M Lin, WB Manthiram, A Mrksich, M Norris, DJ Nozik, AJ Peng, XG Rawn, C Rolison, D Singh, DJ Toby, BH Tolbert, S Wiesner, UB Woodward, PM Yang, PD AF Cava, RJ DiSalvo, FJ Brus, LE Dunbar, KR Gorman, CB Haile, SM Interrante, LV Musfeldt, JL Navrotsky, A Nuzzo, RG Pickett, WE Wilkinson, AP Ahn, C Allen, JW Burns, PC Ceder, G Chidsey, CED Clegg, W Coronado, E Dai, HJ Deem, MW Dunn, BS Galli, G Jacobson, AJ Kanatzidis, M Lin, WB Manthiram, A Mrksich, M Norris, DJ Nozik, AJ Peng, XG Rawn, C Rolison, D Singh, DJ Toby, BH Tolbert, S Wiesner, UB Woodward, PM Yang, PD TI Future directions in solid state chemistry: report of the NSF-sponsored workshop SO PROGRESS IN SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; HYDROGEN-STORAGE; HIGH-PRESSURE; PHASE-STABILITY; IN-SITU; X-RAYS; COPOLYMER; MANTLE; SHAPE; FUEL AB A long-established area of scientific excellence in Europe, solid state chemistry has emerged in the US in the past two decades as a field experiencing rapid growth and development. At its core, it is an interdisciplinary melding of chemistry, physics, engineering, and materials science, as it focuses on the design, synthesis and structural characterization of new chemical compounds and characterization of their physical properties. As a consequence of this inherently interdisciplinary character, the solid state chemistry community is highly open to the influx of new ideas and directions. The inclusionary character of the field's culture has been a significant factor in its continuing growth and vitality. This report presents an elaboration of discussions held during an NSF-sponsored workshop on Future Directions in Solid State Chemistry, held on the UC Davis Campus in October 2001. That workshop was the second of a series of workshops planned in this topical area. The first, held at NSF headquarters in Arlington, Virginia, in January of 1998, was designed to address the core of the field, describing how it has developed in the US and worldwide in the past decade, and how the members of the community saw the central thrusts of research and education in solid state chemistry proceeding in the next several years. A report was published on that workshop (J.M. Honig, chair, "Proceedings of the Workshop on the Present Status and Future Developments of Solid State Chemistry and Materials", Arlington, VA, January 15-16, 1998) describing the state of the field and recommendations for future development of the core discipline. In the spirit of continuing to expand the scope of the solid state chemistry community into new areas of scientific inquiry, the workshop elaborated in this document was designed to address the interfaces between our field and fields where we thought there would be significant opportunity for the development of new scientific advancements through increased interaction. The 7 topic areas, described in detail in this report, ranged from those with established ties to solid state chemistry such as Earth and planetary sciences, and energy storage and conversion, to those such as condensed matter physics, where the connections are in their infancy, to biology, where the opportunities for connections are largely unexplored. Exciting ties to materials chemistry were explored in discussions on molecular materials and nanoscale science, and a session on the importance of improving the ties between solid state chemists and experts in characterization at national experimental facilities was included. The full report elaborates these ideas extensively. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Chem, Baker Lab 102, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Randall Lab 2477, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Dept Chem, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ Valencia, Inst Ciencia Mol, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL USA. NEC Res Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dai, HJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Haile, Sossina/I-3448-2015; Tolbert, Sarah/L-2321-2016; peng, xiaogang/R-6184-2016; Gorman, Christopher/A-3463-2008; icmol, icmol/I-5784-2015; Wilkinson, Angus/C-3408-2008; Lin, Wenbin/B-4151-2010; Clegg, William/B-2491-2010; Mrksich, Milan/G-2469-2011; Norris, David/F-4022-2010; Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013; Burns, Peter/J-3359-2013; Coronado, Eugenio/E-8960-2014; Dunbar, Kim/B-6488-2015; Deem, Michael/P-3595-2014 OI peng, xiaogang/0000-0002-5606-8472; Burns, Peter/0000-0002-2319-9628; Clegg, William/0000-0003-1643-5298; Gorman, Christopher/0000-0001-7367-2965; Wilkinson, Angus/0000-0003-2904-400X; Lin, Wenbin/0000-0001-7035-7759; Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285; Dunbar, Kim/0000-0001-5728-7805; Deem, Michael/0000-0002-4298-3450 NR 91 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6786 J9 PROG SOLID STATE CH JI Prog. Solid State Chem. PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 101 DI 10.1016/S0079-6786(02)00010-9 PG 101 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 641YP UT WOS:000180774900001 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PAS Booth, R Riffenburgh, RH Amling, CL Kane, CJ Moul, JW AF Johnstone, PAS Booth, R Riffenburgh, RH Amling, CL Kane, CJ Moul, JW TI Initiation of salvage therapy for prostate cancer SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE follow-up care; prostatic neoplasma; salvage therapy ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; RADIATION-THERAPY; PROGRESSION; ANTIGEN; PREDICT; FAILURE AB Physicians and patients have variable and individual levels of comfort regarding when to begin salvage therapy for rising prostate specific antigen (PSA) after definitive treatment of prostate cancer. The decision to start salvage therapy is a multifactorial process for which few rigorous data or guidelines exist. A questionnaire survey of urologists of the Department of Defense (DoD) Center for Prostate Disease Research (CPDR) was undertaken to obtain current perspectives on when to begin salvage therapy for biochemical failure after definitive therapy. Variables of age, grade, T-stage, nodal status, performance status, latency since prior therapy, PSA velocity, and ploidy were prioritized in four clinical situations; subsequent questions assessed consensus PSA cut-offs for beginning adjuvant therapy in 84 clinical scenarios. Consensus on PSA cut-off points was limited to postoperative radiotherapy (RT), where values of 1.0 - 1.5 were the mean cut-off points. CPDR urologists consider salvage prostatectomy post-RT only for patients < 70-y-old with node negative, grade 2 - 7 disease and excellent performance status. Ploidy was not generally considered useful in any scenario. Many variables in addition to PSA level are involved in the decision of when to commence adjuvant therapy for initial biochemical failure. These are strikingly interdependent, and few clear absolutes are evident from this questionnaire. This is a point of necessary further research and continued discussion among physicians caring for these patients. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 1005, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PY 2002 VL 5 IS 2 BP 136 EP 143 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500566 PG 8 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 577JF UT WOS:000177057200011 PM 12497004 ER PT J AU Piper, NY Kusada, L Lance, R Foley, J Moul, J Seay, T AF Piper, NY Kusada, L Lance, R Foley, J Moul, J Seay, T TI Adenocarcinoma of the prostate: an expensive way to die SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; radical prostatectomy; radiation therapy ID CANCER; CARE; COST AB The costs of radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy for localized carcinoma of the prostate are well known, the costs of terminal care for men with metastatic disease less so. We sought to determine the costs of terminal care incurred with prostate cancer in the last year of life. A retrospective chart review was conducted at five military medical centers identifying 32 patients who had died from prostate cancer from 1995 to 1997. The data investigated were: duration of metastatic disease, days hospitalized in the last year of life, palliative procedures (surgery or radiation), chemotherapy and need for transfusions. The mean duration of symptomatic metastatic disease was 3.4y. The mean duration of hospitalization in the last year of life was 19 days. Seven patients (22%,) required channel transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Three patients (9%) required either percutaneous nephrostomies or stenting. The mean number of transfusions required was 5.4. Eighteen patients (56%) underwent bilateral simple orchiectomy (BSO), 14 (44%) used LHRH agonists and 11 (34%) used antiandrogens. The mean total cost of hospitalization, studies, outpatient visits to physicians, palliative procedures and hormonal therapy was $24 660 in the last year of life. Comparatively, the cost of radical prostatectomy is $12 250 and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy is $13 823. Our estimation of costs due to metastatic disease is at best an underestimation. Men dying of prostate cancer incur significant costs in the last year of life. Based upon recent epidemiological data the cost of death due to prostate cancer in the US is over three quarters of a billion dollars a year. C1 SAUSHEC, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. USN, Portsmouth Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Norvolk, VA USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Seay, T (reprint author), SAUSHEC, Dept Urol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 8 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PY 2002 VL 5 IS 2 BP 164 EP 166 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500565 PG 3 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 577JF UT WOS:000177057200015 PM 12497008 ER PT J AU Fey, AL AF Fey, AL TI AGN variability from the USNO Radio Reference Frame Image Database SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT White Workshop on AGN Variability Across the Electromagnetic Spectrum CY JUN 25-29, 2001 CL CSIRO ATNF, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA HO CSIRO ATNF DE quasars : general; quasars : individual (0552+398,1308+326) AB We present results from preliminary analysis of radio interferometric data taken from the US Naval Observatory Radio Reference Frame Image Database. The results presented here reveal valuable insight into the structural variability of the two extragalactic radio sources 0552 + 398 and 1308 + 326. We are actively pursuing analysis of additional objects. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Fey, AL (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-3580 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC AUST JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1 BP 19 EP 21 DI 10.1071/AS01079 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 567JW UT WOS:000176482500005 ER PT S AU Rajagopal, AK Rendell, RW Abe, S AF Rajagopal, AK Rendell, RW Abe, S BE Sheehan, DP TI Aspects of the second law of thermodynamics from quantum statistical mechanics to quantum information theory SO QUANTUM LIMITS TO THE SECOND LAW SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Quantum Limits to the Second Law CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA ID DYNAMICAL SEMIGROUPS; ERASURE; ENTANGLEMENT; HEAT AB The Kullback - Leibler inequality is a way of comparing any two density matrices. A technique to set up the density matrix for a physical system is to use the maximum entropy principle, given the entropy as a functional of the density matrix, subject to known constraints. In conjunction with the master equation for the density matrix, these two ingredients allow us to formulate the second law of thermodynamics in its widest possible setting. Thus problems arising in both quantum statistical mechanics and quantum information can be handled. Aspects of thermodynamic concepts such as the Carnot cycle will be discussed. A model is examined to elucidate the role of entanglement in the Landauer erasure problem. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0098-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 643 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Thermodynamics; History & Philosophy of Science GA BV62V UT WOS:000179581400008 ER PT J AU Colman, SM Baucom, PC Bratton, JF Cronin, TM McGeehin, JP Willard, D Zimmerman, AR Vogt, PR AF Colman, SM Baucom, PC Bratton, JF Cronin, TM McGeehin, JP Willard, D Zimmerman, AR Vogt, PR TI Radiocarbon dating, chronologic framework, and changes in accumulation rates of Holocene estuarine sediments from Chesapeake Bay SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; estuaries; sediments; radiocarbon; Holocene ID AGE CALIBRATION; C-14 DATA; EUTROPHICATION; HISTORY; ANOXIA; PATTERNS; PB-210; WATER AB Rapidly accumulating Holocene sediments in estuaries commonly are difficult to sample and date. In Chesapeake Bay, we obtained sediment cores as much as 20 m in length and used numerous radiocarbon ages measured by accelerator mass spectrometry methods to provide the first detailed chronologies of Holocene sediment accumulation in the bay. Carbon in these sediments is a complex mixture of materials from a variety of sources. Analyses of different components of the sediments show that total organic carbon ages are largely unreliable, because much of the carbon (including coal) has been transported to the bay from upstream sources and is older than sediments in which it was deposited. Mollusk shells (clams, oysters) and foraminifera appear to give reliable results, although reworking and burrowing are potential problems. Analyses of museum specimens collected alive before atmospheric nuclear testing suggest that the standard reservoir correction for marine samples is appropriate for middle to lower Chesapeake Bay. The biogenic carbonate radiocarbon ages are compatible with (210)Pb and (137)Cs data and pollen stratigraphy from the same sites. Post-settlement changes in sediment transport and accumulation is an important environmental issue in many estuaries, including the Chesapeake. Our data show that large variations in sediment mass accumulation rates occur among sites. At shallow water sites, local factors seem to control changes in accumulation rates with time. Our two relatively deep-water sites in the axial channel of the bay have different long-term average accumulation rates, but the history of sediment accumulation at these sites appears to reflect overall conditions in the bay. Mass accumulation rates at the two deep-water sites rapidly increased by about fourfold coincident with widespread land clearance for agriculture in the Chesapeake watershed. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Colman, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM scolman@usgs.gov OI Colman, Steve/0000-0002-0564-9576; Zimmerman, Andrew/0000-0001-5137-4916; Bratton, John/0000-0003-0376-4981 NR 33 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1 BP 58 EP 70 DI 10.1006/qres.2001.2285 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 517WP UT WOS:000173633700008 ER PT S AU Ladner, R Sample, J Shaw, K AF Ladner, R Sample, J Shaw, K BE Faust, NL Kurtz, JL Trebits, R TI Using wavelet transforms in 3d mapping SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY AND DATA VISUALIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology and Data Visualization CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE 3D mapping; 3D synthetic environment; terrain modeling; wavelet transform ID TERRAIN AB The Naval Research Laboratory's Digital Mapping, Charting and Geodesy Analysis Program is investigating the application of wavelet technology to terrain approximation in 3D mapping. The wavelet transform allows us to obtain the frequency content of gridded elevation data while retaining the spatial context. We use a 2D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to reduce Digital Terrain Elevation Data to low and high frequency components. The low frequency components represent widespread fluctuations in terrain and over large areas give a very close approximation to the oriainal data set. Each application of a wavelet transform gives us a 75% reduction in the amount of data that must be displayed. A level 2, 2D DWT allows us to represent large amounts of terrain data with only 6.25% of the original data. A reverse transform on the reduced data set makes possible the restoration of any level up to the original data with only minor loss, making the application suitable for multi-resolution systems. This application is also ideal for time-critical applications. Processing 1,073,179 DTED elevations down to 67,304 takes approximately one-half second. Optimized triangulated irregular network algorithms are reported to require over 45 seconds for a similar sized data set. We describe the application of wavelet technology to Intemet-based 3D mapping. In addition to custom 2D maps that may consist of vector, raster and gridded data, users may generate 3D maps by area-of- interest. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ladner, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4494-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4744 BP 188 EP 195 DI 10.1117/12.488297 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BV29R UT WOS:000178478900020 ER PT J AU Moscovitch, M Phillips, GW Cullum, BM Mobley, J Bogard, JS Emfietzoglou, D Vo-Dinh, T AF Moscovitch, M Phillips, GW Cullum, BM Mobley, J Bogard, JS Emfietzoglou, D Vo-Dinh, T TI Radiation dosimetry using three-dimensional optical random access memories SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE AB The ability to determine particle type and energy plays an important role in the dosimetry of heavy charged particles (HCP) and neutrons. A new approach to radiation dosimetry is presented, which is shown to be capable of particle type and energy discrimination. This method is based on utilising radiation induced changes in the digital information stored on three dimensional optical random access memories (3D ORAM). 3D ORAM is a small cube (a few mm(3)) composed of polymethyl methacrylate) doped with a photochromic dye, and it was originally proposed as a memory device in high speed parallel computers. A Nd:YAG laser system is used to write and read binary information (bits) on the ORAM, which functions as a charged particle detector. Both the read and the write processes use two laser beams that simultaneously strike the material to cause a colour change at their intersection (similar to the darkening of light-sensitive sunglasses when exposed to sunlight.) The laser produces colour changes in the ORAM, which then reverts to the original colour ('bit-flips') at sites where energy is deposited from interaction with incident HCP or neutron-recoil protons. The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally. Calculations based on track structure theory (TST) predict that when HCP interact with the ORAM material, the local energy deposition is capable of inducing measurable 'bit-flips'. These predictions were recently confirmed experimentally using two types of ORAM systems, one based on spirobenzopyran and the other on anthracene, as the photochromic dyes. C1 Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Med, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Moscovitch, M (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Med, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RI Emfietzoglou, Dimitris/G-7168-2012 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 101 IS 1-4 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 609JM UT WOS:000178899900001 PM 12382699 ER PT J AU Huston, AL Justus, BL Falkenstein, PL Miller, RW Ning, H Altemus, R AF Huston, AL Justus, BL Falkenstein, PL Miller, RW Ning, H Altemus, R TI Optically stimulated luminescent glass optical fibre dosemeter SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE ID DOPED FUSED QUARTZ; DOSIMETRY; THERMOLUMINESCENCE AB An optical fibre radiation dosemeter has been developed that utilises optically stimulated luminescence and scintillation to provide independent, remote, real-time dose measurements. The radiation sensitive element consists of a I ifim long, 0.4 turn diameter piece of copper- ion-doped fused quartz that is attached to a 1m length of commercial optical fibre. The dose-meter probe is 0.6 nun in diameter and is flexible enough to be used in standard medical catheters for internal radiation dose measurements. A four-channel dosemeter system has been built and characterised Under conditions typical of a radiotherapy environment. The device exhibits a linear response over the range of doses from 0.01 Gy to 10 Gy. The dosenieter responds identically to both electrons and photons in the range from 4 to 20 MV and the calibration was retained to within +/-2% over a period of 4 weeks. The fibre dosemeter has been used successfully to verify doses received by three patients receiving radiotherapy treatments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NCI, Radiat Oncol Branch, Radiat Oncol Sci Program, DCT,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Huston, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 101 IS 1-4 BP 23 EP 26 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 609JM UT WOS:000178899900002 PM 12382700 ER PT J AU Cassata, JR Moscovitch, M Rotunda, JE Velbeck, KJ AF Cassata, JR Moscovitch, M Rotunda, JE Velbeck, KJ TI A new paradigm in personal dosimetry using LiF : Mg,Cu,P SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE ID THERMOLUMINESCENCE AB The United States Navy has been monitoring personnel for occupational exposure to ionising radiation since 1947. Film was exclusively Used until 1973 when thermoluminescence dosemeters were introduced and used to the present time. In 1994. a joint research protect between the Naval Dosimetry Center, Georgetown University, and Saint Gobain Crystals and Detectors (formerly Bicron RMP formerly Harshaw TLD) began to develop a state of the art thermoluminescent dosimetry system. The study was conducted from a large-scale dosimetry processor point of view with emphasis on a systems approach. Significant improvements were achieved by replacing the LiF:Mg,Ti with LiF:Mg,Cu,P TL elements due to the significant sensitivity increase, linearity. and negligible fading. Dosemeter filters were optimised for gamma and X ray energy discrimination using Monte Carlo modelling (MCNP) resulting in significant improvement in accuracy and precision. Further improvements were achieved through the use of neural-network based dose calculation a],algorithims. Both back propagation and functional link methods were implemented and the data compared with essentially the same results. Several operational aspects of the system are discussed. including (1) background subtraction using Control dosemeters. (2) selection criteria for control dosemeters. (3) optimisation of the TLD readers, (4) calibration methodology, and (5) the optimisation of the heating profile. C1 USN, Dosimetry Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. St Gobain Crystals & Detectors, Solon, OH 44139 USA. RP Cassata, JR (reprint author), USN, Dosimetry Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 19 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 101 IS 1-4 BP 27 EP 42 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 609JM UT WOS:000178899900003 PM 12382701 ER PT J AU Skopec, M Price, JL Guardala, N Loew, M Moscovitch, M AF Skopec, M Price, JL Guardala, N Loew, M Moscovitch, M TI Glow curve analysis applied to the discrimination of X ray versus proton irradiation SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE AB Three types of thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLDs): LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100). CaF2:Tm (TLD-300), and alpha- Al2O3:C (TLD-500), were investigated for their glow curve response to separate X ray and proton irradiations. The glow Curve structure for each individual TLD's exposure to the X ray and proton irradiations was analysed and compared. Distinguishable differences between the glow curve structure characteristic of each type of radiation were observed. The proton TLD-100 glow curve has revealed a complex high-temperature peak structure that was used for the proton/X ray discrimination algorithm. Proton irradiation of TLD-300 resulted in an apparent switch in the relative heights of peaks 3 and 5 as compared to X ray. In TLD-500, proton irradiation produced a more subtle difference in the glow curve with an increase in the ratio between high- and low-temperature peaks. Results demonstrate promising differences in glow curve structure present allowing for discrimination between X ray and proton radiation field exposures. C1 NIH, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock, MD USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Skopec, M (reprint author), NIH, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 101 IS 1-4 BP 99 EP 102 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 609JM UT WOS:000178899900016 PM 12382714 ER PT J AU Phillips, GW August, RA Campbell, AB Nelson, ME Price, JL AF Phillips, GW August, RA Campbell, AB Nelson, ME Price, JL TI Feasibility of a neutron detector-dosemeter based on single-event upsets in dynamic random-access memories SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE ID DOSIMETER; CHIPS AB -The feasibility was investigated of a solid-state neutron detector/dosemeter based on single-event upset (SEU) effects in dynamic random -access memories (DRAMs), commonly used in computer memories. Such a device, which uses a neutron converter material to produce a charged particle capable of causing an Upset, Would be light-weight, low-power, and Could be read simply by polling the memory for bit flips. It would have significant advantages over standard solid-state neutron dosemeters which require off-fine processing for track etching and analysis. Previous efforts at developing an SEU neutron detector/dosemeter have Suffered from poor response, which can be greatly enhanced by selecting a modern high-density DRAM chip for SEU sensitivity and by using a thin B-10 film as a converter. Past attempts to use B-10 were not Successful because the average alpha particle energy was insufficient to penetrate to the sensitive region of the memory. This can be overcome by removing the surface passivation layer before depositing the B-10 film or by implanting B-10 directly into the chip. Previous experimental data show a 10(3) increase in neutron sensitivity by chips containing borosilicate glass, which Could be used in an SEU detector. The results are presented of simulations showing that the absolute efficiency of an SEU neutron dosemeter can be increased by at least a factor of 1000 over earlier designs. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Phillips, GW (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 101 IS 1-4 BP 129 EP 132 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 609JM UT WOS:000178899900023 PM 12382721 ER PT J AU Mathur, VK Bandyopadhyay, PK Barkyoumb, JH Cai, GG AF Mathur, VK Bandyopadhyay, PK Barkyoumb, JH Cai, GG TI Low temperature studies in LiF : Mg,Cu,P SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE ID ALKALI-HALIDES; THERMOLUMINESCENCE; PHOSPHOR; SPECTRA; COPPER; CU+ AB Despite extensive investigations carried out in LiF:Mg,Cu,P, the nature of the emission centre is not clearly Understood. Results of X ray excited emission in this material at room temperature and at 16 K are presented to obtain more data that can throw light on the emission characteristics of this material. At room temperature only a single emission peak is seen around 390 Inn but at 16 K the emission appears to consist of more than one emission band. The emission spectra could be fitted with three bands with peaks at 332, 385 and 447 nm. The X ray excited emission at 16 K after annealing at 573 K for 5 min suppresses the 332 nm emission but enhances 447 lint emission. Moreover, annealing at 573 K greatly reduces the emission intensity, which signifies that the luminescent centres are also destroyed in this process. Temperature-dependent X ray excited fluorescence below room temperature provides evidence of the existence of shallow traps, which give rise to a thermoluminescence peak around 130 K. On the basis of the present investigations it is proposed that the complex nature of the emission may be related to the formation of donor-acceptor pairs in this material. The possible nature of this donor-acceptor complex is discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Solid Doimetr Detector & Method Lab, Beijing 102205, Peoples R China. Hendrix Coll, Dept Phys, Conway, AR 72032 USA. RP Mathur, VK (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 100 IS 1-4 BP 103 EP 106 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 609JJ UT WOS:000178899600019 PM 12382838 ER PT J AU Maurer, RH Charles, HK Pisacane, VL AF Maurer, RH Charles, HK Pisacane, VL TI Advances in space technology: The NSBRI technology development team SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE AB As evidenced from Mir and other long-duration space missions, the space environment can cause significant alterations in the human physiology that could prove dangerous for astronauts. The NASA programme to develop countermeasures for these deleterious human health effects is being carried out by the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI). The NSBRI has 12 research teams, ten of which are primarily physiology based, one addresses on-board medical care, and the twelfth focuses on technology development in support of the other research teams. This Technology Development (TD) Team initially supported four instrumentation developments: (1) an advanced, multiple projection, dual energy X ray absorptiometry (AMPDXA) scanning system; (2) a portable neutron spectrometer; (3) a miniature time-of-flight mass spectrometer; and (4) a cardiovascular identification system. Technical highlights of the original projects are presented along with an introduction to the five new TD Team projects being funded by the NSBRI. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Maurer, RH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 100 IS 1-4 BP 479 EP 487 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 609JJ UT WOS:000178899600107 PM 12382926 ER PT B AU Cooper, KP Arcella, FG Jones, HN AF Cooper, KP Arcella, FG Jones, HN BE Marquis, FDS Bourell, DL TI Metallurgical analysis of laser formed rhenium SO RAPID PROTOTYPING OF MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rapid Prototyping of Materials CY OCT 06-10, 2002 CL COLUMBUS, OH ID METAL COMPONENTS; FABRICATION; DEPOSITION AB Rapid Prototyping has achieved a level of maturity that places it at the threshold of being implemented as a manufacturing tool for making parts and components. For metals, laser forming appears to be a promising approach for building fully dense complex-shaped parts. AeroMet's laser additive manufacturing (LAM) process is designed to fabricate near net-shape parts. The objective is not precision, but high throughput and minimum machining and waste. LAM is ideally suited for the fabrication of refractory metals such as titanium, tungsten and rhenium. It is difficult to machine or form these relatively expensive metals into structures, especially those containing thin walls. Our goal was to perform systematic metallurgical analysis of LAM processed rhenium to further validate this enabling new technology. Metallurgical analyses included determination of grain structure, size and orientation, porosity, oxygen pick-up and microhardness variations. In a 0.75 cm wall thickness rhenium cylinder made by LAM, the grain size was large, the small ones varied from 200 to 500 Am and the large ones were a few mm in diameter. The large grain size was due to the large melt pool and the ensuing slow solidification kinetics. The grains were oriented in the build direction, as expected, and the grain boundary had a jagged appearance. The solidification structure was fully dense. Very few pores in small clusters were detected, but their size did not exceed 2 Am. Bulk analysis showed oxygen below the detection limit of 0.001%. However, microhardness mapping showed that material just below the deposit surface, especially near the outer wall, was twice as hard as the material in the core of the sample. The bulk of the sample had an average hardness value of that of pure rhenium which is 250 kg/mm(2). The high hardness near the surfaces was attributed to the presence of oxygen concentration. Oxygen pick-up, if confined to the surface, would not be a problem because the small amount of material in the scalloped surfaces would be machined away to achieve the final part dimensions. However, the higher hardness may make the machining operation somewhat difficult. From the analysis it is concluded that LAM of rhenium is feasible and that fully dense, dimensionally accurate, relatively thick-walled structures are possible. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6325,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-530-1 PY 2002 BP 119 EP 132 PG 14 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BV45F UT WOS:000179015700010 ER PT B AU Thompson, PE Bennett, J AF Thompson, PE Bennett, J BE Timans, P Gusev, E Roozeboom, F Ozturk, MC Kwong, DL TI Ultra-shallow junctions in Si1-xGex formed by molecular-beam epitaxy SO RAPID THERMAL AND OTHER SHORT-TIME PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES III, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Rapid Thermal and Other Short-Time Processing Technologies III CY MAY 13-16, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Electrochem Soc, Dielect Sci & Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div, Appl Mat, ASM Int, Axcelis Technol, Genus, JIPELECT, Mattson Technol, Phlips Lighting, Vortek Ind ID BORON; SILICON; SI; IMPLANTS; SI(100); GROWTH AB The use of low temperature Si molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has been investigated for the formation of 10 nm ultra-shallow doped layers. Uniformly B doped Si1-xGex (x = 0, 0.2, or 0.4) layers have been studied. The sheet resistance of the optimally-doped, as-grown samples were substantially less than the best reported, ion implanted shallow layers. The MBE-grown shallow-doped layers were not affected by 10 min thermal processing up to 700degreesC. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thompson, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-334-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 11 BP 381 EP 388 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Physics GA BW84N UT WOS:000183369100041 ER PT B AU Granade, S Gent, D AF Granade, S Gent, D BE Hinchee, RE Porta, A Pellei, M TI Electrokinetic remediation of contaminated sediments SO REMEDIATION AND BENEFICIAL REUSE OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments CY OCT 10-12, 2001 CL VENICE, ITALY SP Battelle Geneva Res Ctr, Azienda Multiservizi Ambientali Veneziana AB A field scale treatability study has been in progress since March 1998 to evaluate the use of electrokinetics (EK) to perform in-situ remediation of metals and chlorinated solvent contaminated sediments. The primary goal of the project is to demonstrate that EK can be used to remediate sediments to below naturally occurring levels. The secondary goal is to determine if EK can be used to deliver electron donor to stimulate reductive dechlorination of chlorinated solvents. Sediment samples taken in June 1999 showed that chromium levels in 77.5% of the sediment mass between one anode/cathode pair had been reduced to below natural background levels. Evidence indicating that reductive dechlorination is occurring includes the detection of electron donor metabolites, depression of naturally occurring sulfate levels, and reduction of chlorinated solvent levels by up to 99.0%. C1 USN, Point Mugu Nawc, CA USA. RP Granade, S (reprint author), USN, Point Mugu Nawc, CA USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-129-9 PY 2002 BP 205 EP 212 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BV03W UT WOS:000177665700026 ER PT J AU Gould, RW Arnone, RA AF Gould, RW Arnone, RA TI Coastal optical properties estimated from airborne sensors - Reply to the comments by Hu and Carder SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID REMOTE-SENSING REFLECTANCE; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SEAWIFS IMAGERY; TURBID COASTAL; ENVIRONMENT; ALGORITHM; WATERS AB Gould and Arnone (Remote Sens. Environ. 61 (1997) 2901 characterized the spatial and temporal variability of inherent optical properties (water absorption and scattering coefficients) in a coastal region using in situ shipboard and moored optical data, and high-resolution aircraft ocean color imagery. Following atmospheric correction of the aircraft imagery, they applied a bio-optical model [Carder et al., 1999, J. Geophys. Res. 104 (C3) (1999) 5403] to the image data to produce surface maps of absorption and scattering coefficients. The results from the model were compared with in situ measurements and adjustments were made to two model parameters to force the model results to more closely match the in situ measurements. Hu and Carder [Remote Sens. Environ. (2001)] raise questions concerning (a) the atmospheric correction applied to the aircraft data and (b) the reason for adjusting the parameters of the bio-optical model. Here we respond to their comments. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Gould, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 79 IS 1 BP 138 EP 142 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00233-4 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 504XC UT WOS:000172880500015 ER PT S AU Lin, CS AF Lin, CS BE Bostater, CR Santoleri, R TI Ocean lidar instrument and measurements SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE OCEAN AND SEA ICE 2002 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Sea Ice CY SEP 24, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE DE lidar; lasers; elastic scattering; Raman; algae; fluorescence AB This paper describes an ocean lidar system and measurements. The lidar transmitters include a tunable visible laser and IR lasers. The tunable laser transmitter operates between 470 nm and 540 nm. The IR lasers operate at 904 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths. This lidar uses receivers that detect both elastic and inelastic scattering signals from the atmosphere and water columns. For elastic scattering measurements, the receivers are photo-detectors that couple to multi-channel waveform digitizers. For in-elastic scattering measurements, this lidar uses two different receiver configurations. The first receiver configuration uses a line scan spectrometer that couples to a boxcar integrator. This receiver configuration collects laser-induced spectra as a function of laser transmitter wavelengths by scanning the spectrometer wavelengths during the lidar measurements. The second receiver configuration uses an imaging spectrometer to collect laser-induced spectra in spatial and spectral dimensions. During lidar measurement of the water columns, a PC controls the spectrometers, the waveform digitizer, and the boxcar integrator, using commercially available and custom designed computer interface circuits. This paper describes these lidar transmitters, lidar receivers and data acquisition hardware. The lidar measurements of the ocean water described in this paper use various platforms. These platforms include airborne, shipboard, shore-based and pier-based platforms. These War measurements include atmospheric, ocean surface and water column measurements. This paper describes the results of these measurements and the potential applications for marine and coastal environments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4662-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4880 BP 127 EP 138 PG 12 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BW39C UT WOS:000181847700014 ER PT S AU Perez, I Han, XY AF Perez, I Han, XY BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Pulsed thermography modeling SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 21A & B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL BOWDOIN COLL, BRUNSWICK, ME HO BOWDOIN COLL AB A simple thermographic model has been developed that accurately describes the surface temperature response of a panel with flat bottom holes of different depth and diameters to a short heat pulse. This model assumes that a thin layer of material absorbs a radiant pulse of duration T and that it subsequently cools off due to normal and lateral diffusion of the deposited energy into the bulk of the material. The model takes into account other experimental parameters such as sample thickness, density, specific heat, in-plane and out-of-plane thermal conductivity and defect size and depth. In this paper we present experimental and modeling results on an aluminum panel with flat bottom holes of different radii and depths. The effects of heat pulse duration will be presented and discussed. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Mat Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Perez, I (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Mat Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0061-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 615 BP 564 EP 571 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU96R UT WOS:000177511400074 ER PT S AU Lipetzky, KG Warren, JM AF Lipetzky, KG Warren, JM BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Nondestructive characterization of lattice block material (TM) SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 21A & B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL BOWDOIN COLL, BRUNSWICK, ME HO BOWDOIN COLL AB Lattice Block Material(TM) (LBM(TM)) is the name given to a new class of materials that makes use of the well-understood principles of trusses and space frames to create a variety of components having high strength to weight ratios. Differences in product design, materials selection, and manufacturing process, however, can lead to uncertainty as to the overall performance of a given end product. For this reason, a variety of nondestructive methods were utilized to characterize LBM(TM) for potential Navy applications, including, visual inspection, x-ray radiography, x-ray computed tomography, and infrared thermography. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Welding & NDE Branch, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lipetzky, KG (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Welding & NDE Branch, Code 615,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0061-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 615 BP 1447 EP 1454 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU96R UT WOS:000177511400190 ER PT S AU Martinez, JF Wasilewska, A Hadjimichael, M Fernandez, C Menasalvas, E AF Martinez, JF Wasilewska, A Hadjimichael, M Fernandez, C Menasalvas, E BE Alpigini, JJ Peters, JF Skowron, A Zhong, N TI Extension of relational management systems with data mining capabilities SO ROUGH SETS AND CURRENT TRENDS IN COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing (RSCTC 2002) CY OCT 14-16, 2002 CL PENN STATE GREAT VALLEY, MALVERN, PENNSYLVANIA HO PENN STATE GREAT VALLEY AB The relational model provides simple methods for data analysis, such as query and reporting tools. Data mining systems also provide data analysis capabilities. However, there is no uniform model which handles the representation and mining of data in such a way as to provide a standardization of inputs, outputs, and processing. In this paper we present a model of a data mining operator and a data mining structure that can be implemented over a relational database management system in the same way that multidimensional structures have been implemented. C1 UPM, Fac Informat, Madrid, Spain. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Martinez, JF (reprint author), UPM, Fac Informat, Madrid, Spain. EM juanfran@pegaso.ls.fi.upm.es; anita@cs.sunsyb.edu; hadjimic@nrlmry.navy.mil; cfbaizan@fi.upm.es; emenasalvas@fi.upm.es NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44274-X J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2002 VL 2475 BP 421 EP 424 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BY35L UT WOS:000189007100055 ER PT S AU Singh, DJ Mazin, II AF Singh, DJ Mazin, II BE Noce, C Vecchione, A Cuoco, M Romano, A TI Magnetism, spin fluctuations and superconductivity in perovskite ruthenates SO RUTHENATE AND RUTHENO-CUPRATE MATERIALS: UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, MAGNETISM AND QUANTUM PHASE TRANSITIONS SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Ruthenate and Rutheno-Cuprate Materials CY OCT 25-27, 2001 CL VIETRI SUL MARE, ITALY ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FERMI-SURFACE; INSULATOR-TRANSITION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; LAYERED PEROVSKITE; MOTT TRANSITION; SR2RUO4; SRRUO3; SR3RU2O7; TRIPLET AB The triplet superconducting state of Sr2RuO4 and the rich variety of magnetic ground states observed in perovskite ruthenates are discussed using results from density functional calculations. We emphasize the importance of itinerant effects, which lead to a high sensitivity of the magnetic state to structural degrees of freedom as well as connections between the Fermiology and properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-44275-8 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2002 VL 603 BP 256 EP 270 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BW10M UT WOS:000180885100017 ER PT B AU Owsley, NL AF Owsley, NL GP IEEE IEEE TI Data orthogonalization in sensor array signal processing SO SAM2002: IEEE SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop CY AUG 04-06, 2002 CL ROSSLYN, VA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In this primarily tutorial paper, a perspective on the development of Adaptive Data Orthogonalization (ADO) for spatial sensor array sampled data vectors is presented. The development of ADO methods is traced from a generalization of the split array, cross-correlation arrival angle tracker for a single source, plane wave arrival to multiple coherent arrivals. Development is followed through to the more recent maximization of the ratio of two quadratic forms that expresses beamformer array gain. Specifically, the reduced complexity implementation of a signal model error robust Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) Adaptive Beamformer (ABF) is described. This robust beamformer is a simple, explicit linear blend (combination) of the inherently robust shaded time delay-and-sum Conventional Beamformer (CBF) and the Enhanced Minimum Variance (EMV) Dominant Mode Rejection (DMR) ABF. This ABF construction places an easily implemented upper bound on the signal suppression caused by signal model mismatch and allows a trade-off between spatial resolution and Main Lobe signal Maintenance (MLM). Several methods for robust DMR ABF are compared. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Owsley, NL (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7551-3 PY 2002 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1109/SAM.2002.1185565 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW21K UT WOS:000181203600001 ER PT B AU Gerlach, K Picciolo, ML AF Gerlach, K Picciolo, ML GP IEEE IEEE TI Sinr improvement in airborne/spaceborne STAP radars using a priori platform knowledge SO SAM2002: IEEE SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop CY AUG 04-06, 2002 CL ROSSLYN, VA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB It is shown that partial a priori information about the Airborne/Spacebased clutter covariance matrix (CCM) can be used effectively to enhance significantly the convergence performance of a block-processed Space/Time Adaptive Processor (STAP) in a clutter and jamming environment. The partial knowledge of the CCM is based upon the simplified General Clutter Model (GCM) which has been developed by the Airborne Radar community. A priori knowledge of parameters which should be readily measurable (but not necessarily accurate) by the radar platform associated with this model is assumed. The GCM generates an assumed CCM. The assumed CCM along with exact knowledge of the thermal noise covariance matrix is used to form a maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of the unknown interference covariance matrix which is used by the STAR The new algorithm that employs the a priori clutter and thermal noise covariance information is evaluated using two clutter models: 1) a mismatched GCM and 2) the high-fidelity Research Laboratory Space Time Adaptive Processing (RLSTAP) clutter model. For both clutter models, the new algorithm performed significantly better than the Sample Matrix Inversion (SMI) and Fast Maximum Likelihood (FML) STAP algorithms, the latter of which uses only information about the thermal noise covariance matrix. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gerlach, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7551-3 PY 2002 BP 548 EP 552 DI 10.1109/SAM.2002.1191100 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW21K UT WOS:000181203600113 ER PT B AU Sadananda, K Holtz, RL Vasudevan, AK AF Sadananda, K Holtz, RL Vasudevan, AK BE Ankem, S Pande, CS Ovidko, I Ranganathan, S TI Reevaluation of environmental effects at the crack tip-metal interfaces SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF INTERFACES: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM HONORING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF DR. BHAKTA RATH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Science and Technology of Interfaces Honoring the Contributions of Dr Bhakta Rath CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL Seattle, WA SP TMS, Phys Met Comm, TMS, Titanium Comm, TMS, Struct Mat Div ID GROWTH; THRESHOLD; ALLOY AB The authors have recently developed a Unified Approach to Fatigue Crack Growth that is founded on the principle that two stress intensity parameters, K-max in addition to the conventional K-. parameter, are needed to quantify fatigue crack growth rates. Both parameters are essential for unambiguous description of fatigue damage. Of the two, K-max, is a fundamental requirement for all fracture phenomena, while K-. arises as a perturbation due to the irreversibility associated with plasticity during unloading. Corresponding to the two driving forces, there are two thresholds that must be satisfied simultaneously for a fatigue crack and indirectly to grow. Environmental contributions to fatigue act directly through K-max through K-.. We present here a new perspective of the role of environmental interactions at the crack tip-metal interfaces and how they manifest in the dependence of crack growth rates on K-max and Delta(.)K. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6323, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-520-4 PY 2002 BP 131 EP 140 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BAT74 UT WOS:000223512100012 ER PT B AU Imam, MA Damkroger, BK Edwards, GR AF Imam, MA Damkroger, BK Edwards, GR BE Ankem, S Pande, CS Ovidko, I Ranganathan, S TI Hot ductility in titanium alloys - A review SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF INTERFACES: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM HONORING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF DR. BHAKTA RATH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Science and Technology of Interfaces Honoring the Contributions of Dr Bhakta Rath CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL Seattle, WA SP TMS, Phys Met Comm, TMS, Titanium Comm, TMS, Struct Mat Div ID INTERFACE PHASE; TI-6AL-2NB-1TA-0.8MO; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; TOUGHNESS; FRACTURE; GROWTH AB Two phase titanium alloy systems suffer from an abrupt drop in ductility on cooling from the beta phase, and the phenomenon is sensitive to cooling rate. This loss of ductility is manifested by easy decohesion of polycrystalline aggregates along the grain boundaries of the high temperature beta phase. If the alloy is in a state of tensile stress at the aforementioned temperatures, cracks initiate at the grain boundaries and propagate readily through the alloy, leading to premature failure. This phenomenon requires care in processing of titanium alloys during thermo-mechanical fabrication and welding. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain high temperature crack nucleation and growth along the boundaries. The phenomenon and proposed mechanisms responsible for the observed behavior will be reviewed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Imam, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-520-4 PY 2002 BP 141 EP 154 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BAT74 UT WOS:000223512100013 ER PT B AU Pande, CS Masumura, RA AF Pande, CS Masumura, RA BE Ankem, S Pande, CS Ovidko, I Ranganathan, S TI Grain boundary effects in high and low T(c) superconductors SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF INTERFACES: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM HONORING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF DR. BHAKTA RATH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Science and Technology of Interfaces Honoring the Contributions of Dr Bhakta Rath CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL Seattle, WA SP TMS, Phys Met Comm, TMS, Titanium Comm, TMS, Struct Mat Div ID CRITICAL CURRENTS; SUPERCURRENT TRANSPORT; STRUCTURAL ORIGIN; WEAK LINKS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; MODEL; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; BICRYSTALS; SYMMETRY; BEHAVIOR AB A high critical current capacity is one of the most important properties needed in superconductors used in large scale applications such as electric motors. The role of grain boundaries is the most significant among the many factors that can effect the critical current in these materials. Interestingly, the behavior of grain boundaries is very different in low and high T(c) superconductors. We discuss why grain boundaries enhance J(c), in low T(c) superconductors but not in high T(c) superconductors. In fact, it is the elimination of most of the large angle grain boundaries and grain alignment that is most critical for high T(c) superconductors. Specifically, it is the c-axis texture and a-b grain alignment that seems to be most important. These results have been verified by texture measurements on BSCCO tapes. Current transport properties of these materials and correlated with texture parameters. Mathematical models connecting Jc with grain boundaries in both low and high T(c) materials are also discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-520-4 PY 2002 BP 257 EP 268 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BAT74 UT WOS:000223512100022 ER PT B AU Shashidhar, R Shenoy, D AF Shashidhar, R Shenoy, D BE Ankem, S Pande, CS Ovidko, I Ranganathan, S TI Molecular interfaces and their effect on order in liquid crystals SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF INTERFACES: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM HONORING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF DR. BHAKTA RATH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Science and Technology of Interfaces Honoring the Contributions of Dr Bhakta Rath CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL Seattle, WA SP TMS, Phys Met Comm, TMS, Titanium Comm, TMS, Struct Mat Div AB We have developed a new method to align nematic liquid crystals using a self-assembling monolayer that forms photo-dimerized units upon introduction to UV light. The feature of this new method is that it uses the delicate interactions at the molecular interface to orient the liquid crystal molecules. We also show that the interfacial interactions can be varied by changing the nature of the chemical group at the molecular interface. This results in polar anchoring strengths that can be controlled to suit application needs. Details of the role of the molecular interfacial interactions in liquid crystals are discussed with special reference to the properties that are relevant to liquid crystal displays (LCDs). C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shashidhar, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-520-4 PY 2002 BP 269 EP 273 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BAT74 UT WOS:000223512100023 ER PT B AU Butler, JE AF Butler, JE BE Ankem, S Pande, CS Ovidko, I Ranganathan, S TI Diamond surfaces and interfaces SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF INTERFACES: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM HONORING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF DR. BHAKTA RATH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Science and Technology of Interfaces Honoring the Contributions of Dr Bhakta Rath CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL Seattle, WA SP TMS, Phys Met Comm, TMS, Titanium Comm, TMS, Struct Mat Div ID NEGATIVE-ELECTRON-AFFINITY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILM DIAMOND; POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; ISOTHERMAL DESORPTION; EXCITON BREAKUP; HYDROGEN; CONDUCTIVITY; ADSORPTION; CHEMISTRY AB Synthetic diamond materials grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) impact a wide range of advanced technologies, ranging from industrial laser windows to high voltage electronics and power distribution. The chemistry of diamond surfaces is integral to the growth by CVD, surface electrical properties, and bonding to other materials. I will provide a summary of our current understanding of diamond surfaces and interfaces. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Butler, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6174, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-520-4 PY 2002 BP 353 EP 357 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BAT74 UT WOS:000223512100030 ER PT J AU Luqi Broy, M AF Luqi Broy, M TI Software engineering beyond our planning horizon: automation for computer-based systems SO SCIENCE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LA English DT Editorial Material AB Software development capabilities lag far behind society's demands for better, cheaper, more reliable software. Software engineering being originally very much restricted to the idea of programming develops more and more into a universal discipline of systems engineering. We give a general introduction to a software engineering workshop dealing with mathematics and formal methods that help solve practical problems in the engineering of computer based systems and engineering automation. Some of its papers detail the circumstances under which such gains can be realized using currently known techniques, thus providing a snapshot of the current state of the art in the area. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Munich, Inst Informat, D-80290 Munich, Germany. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Broy, M (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Inst Informat, Arcisstr 21, D-80290 Munich, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6423 J9 SCI COMPUT PROGRAM JI Sci. Comput. Program. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 511LY UT WOS:000173266400001 ER PT J AU Berzins, V AF Berzins, V TI Lightweight inference for automation efficiency SO SCIENCE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article AB We explore the role of lightweight inference techniques in creating highly automated engineering support environments for the development of computer-based systems. Lightweight inference techniques are scalable methods for automated reasoning. We outline the types of automation that would be enabled by effective lightweight inference capabilities and survey some promising approaches to realizing the needed capabilities. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM berzins@cs.nps.navy.mil NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6423 EI 1872-7964 J9 SCI COMPUT PROGRAM JI Sci. Comput. Program. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 61 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S0167-6423(01)00031-4 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 511LY UT WOS:000173266400006 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN AF Kostoff, RN TI Citation analysis of research performer quality SO SCIENTOMETRICS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-FIELD NORMALIZATION; INFORMATION-SCIENCE; INDICATORS; ASSESSMENTS; PATENTS; PHYSICS; IMPACT AB Background: Citation analysis for evaluative purposes typically requires normalization against some control group of similar papers. Selection of this control group is an open question. Objectives: Gain a better understanding of control group requirements for credible normalization. Approach: Performed citation analysis on prior publications of two proposing research units, to help estimate team research quality. Compared citations of each unit's publications to citations received by thematically and temporally similar papers. Results: Identification of thematically similar papers was very complex and labor intensive, even with relatively few control papers selected. Conclusions: A credible citation analysis for determining performer or team quality should have the following components: - Multiple technical experts to average out individual bias and subjectivity; - A process for comparing performer or team output papers with a normalization base of similar papers; - A process for retrieving a substantial fraction of candidate normalization base papers; - Manual evaluation of many candidate normalization base papers to obtain high thematic similarity and statistical representation. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 52 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 16 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0138-9130 J9 SCIENTOMETRICS JI Scientometrics PD JAN PY 2002 VL 53 IS 1 BP 49 EP 71 DI 10.1023/A:1014831920172 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 525AF UT WOS:000174044500004 ER PT B AU Lane, W AF Lane, W BE Taylor, AR Landecker, TL Willis, AG TI HI 21-cm absorbers at moderate redshifts SO SEEING THROUGH THE DUST: THE DETECTION OF HI AND THE EXPLORATION OF THE ISM IN GALAXIES, PROCEEDINGS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Seeing Through the Dust CY OCT 20-25, 2001 CL HERZBERG INST ASTROPHYS, PENTICTON, CANADA SP Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys HO HERZBERG INST ASTROPHYS ID ALPHA SYSTEMS; ABSORPTION; GAS AB We summarize results from an extensive search for H I 21-cm absorption in galaxies at moderate redshifts. The survey was, limited to systems with Mg II absorption at redshifts in the range 0.2 < z < 1.0, which lie in front of bright radio quasars. Four new 21-cm absorbers were identified, and we use these and information from the literature to calculate statistics for the number density of 21-cm absorbers and the cosmic mass density of H I gas at the mean redshift of the survey. The 21-cm search is complementary to similar damped-Lyalpha surveys. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lane, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-118-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 276 BP 469 EP 472 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BW08B UT WOS:000180802300080 ER PT B AU Jacobs, VL AF Jacobs, VL BE Stefan, V TI Kinetic-theory foundations and radiation-hydrodynamics descriptions for laser-matter interactions SO SELECT TOPICS IN LASER MATTER INTERACTION SE STEFAN UNIVERSITY PRESS SERIES ON FRONTIERS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Frontier Science Research Conference on Laser - Matter Interaction CY JUL 24-26, 2000 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP La Jolla Int Sch Sci, Inst Adv Phys Studies ID PLASMAS; TRANSPORT AB Radiation-hydrodynamics approaches to laser-matter interactions are reviewed. Particular emphasis has been given to the connections with the more fundamental single-body and many-body kinetic-theory foundations, from which the reduced radiation-hydrodynamics descriptions can be systematically introduced. Alternative approaches to the electron heat conduction and radiation transport problems are discussed. Inadequacies encountered in simple transport models can be adequately circumvented only by the adoption of a more fundamental, but more difficult, kinetic-theory description. In the accurate description of the energy exchange between matter and electromagnetic radiation, it is necessary to take into account both the laser deposition and plasma radiation processes. A particularly challenging problem is encountered in the detailed treatment of non-equilibrium charged-particle and radiation-field distributions, for which it is often necessary to provide a realistic description of the influence of the multitude of elementary collisional and radiative transitions involving bound and autoionizing states of partially ionized, many-electron atomic systems. These complex atomic processes must be systematically and self-consistently taken into account in the atomic-state and plasma-electron kinetics and in the absorption and emission of electromagnetic radiation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jacobs, VL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6390-2, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU STEFAN UNIV PRESS PI LA JOLLA PA PO BOX 2946, LA JOLLA, CA 92038-2946 USA BN 1-889545-44-9 J9 S U P FRONT SCI PY 2002 BP 71 EP 94 PG 24 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BW31C UT WOS:000181496100003 ER PT S AU Singh, A Wong, EM Spector, MS Schnur, JM AF Singh, A Wong, EM Spector, MS Schnur, JM BE Moss, SC TI Formation of supramolecular assemblies by modulating self-assembling properties of diacetylenic phosphocholines SO SELF-ASSEMBLY PROCESSES IN MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Self-Assembly Processes in Materials held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID LIPID TUBULES; NETWORK GEL; BILAYERS; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES; COMPOUND; MIXTURES AB Diacetylenic phospholipid dispersions in water produce tubules (500 nm diameter) and helices from their initial vesicular morphology as a function of temperature and concentration. A binary mixture consisting of diacetylenic phospholipid, 1,2 bis (tricosa-10,12-diynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and a short chain phospholipid, 1,2-dinonanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was studied to explore the morphological transformation of lipids into tubules to develop an approach to control and produce tubules of different diameters. Circular dichroic spectra not only indicated the chiral nature of these tubules, but also provided distinct spectral signatures differentiating micro- and nanotubules. The effects of temperature and lipid concentration on the fort-nation and stability of tubules were also explored. An equimolar lipid mixture provided structures with uniform morphology, which were stable for several hours up to 36 degreesC. The thermal stability of nanotubules makes them an attractive candidate for many practical applications including controlled release technology. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-643-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 707 BP 79 EP 84 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BV55X UT WOS:000179344700012 ER PT J AU Solov'ev, VA Terent'ev, YV Toropov, AA Meltser, BY Semenov, AN Sitnikova, AA Ivanov, SV Meyer, JR Kop'ev, PS AF Solov'ev, VA Terent'ev, YV Toropov, AA Meltser, BY Semenov, AN Sitnikova, AA Ivanov, SV Meyer, JR Kop'ev, PS TI MBE growth and photoluminescent properties of InAsSb/AlSbAs quantum wells SO SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Article ID HETEROSTRUCTURE DIODE-LASERS AB Heterostructures with a single InAs1 - xSbx/AlSb1 - yAsy quantum well (QW) on (001) GaSb substrates have been grown by MBE and studied using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. High-intensity PL was observed at a temperature of 80 K, with a peak half-width of 30-50 meV and a peak wavelength in the range from 2 to 4.5 mum, depending on the QW width, which varied between 4 and 20 nm, respectively. The fundamental absorption edge of such QWs was calculated for a wide range of alloy compositions, x and y. Good correlation between the experimental and calculated dependences of the band gap on the InAsSb/AlSbAs QW thickness was obtained. (C) 2002 MAIK "Nauka / Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Solov'ev, VA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya Ul 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Ivanov, Sergey/C-1177-2014; Toropov, Alexey/C-1529-2014; Sitnikova, Alla/C-4246-2014; Semenov, Alexey/E-3203-2014; Solov'ev, Viktor/E-4026-2014 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7826 J9 SEMICONDUCTORS+ JI Semiconductors PY 2002 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1385 EP 1388 DI 10.1134/1.1529250 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 619UB UT WOS:000179494900011 ER PT S AU Lynch, RS Willett, PK AF Lynch, RS Willett, PK BE Dasarathy, BV TI Adaptive sequential Bayesian classification using page's test SO SENSOR FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensor Fusion - Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications VI CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Dirichlet distribution; discrete features; dimensionality reduction; sequential classification; feature fusion AB In this paper, the previously introduced Mean-Field Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm is extended for adaptive sequential hypothesis testing utilizing Page's test. In general, Page's test is well understood as a method of detecting a permanent change in distribution associated with a sequence of observations. However, the relationship between detecting a change in distribution utilizing Page's test with that of classification and feature fusion is not well understood. Thus, the contribution of this work is based on developing a method of classifying an unlabeled vector of fused features (i.e., detect a change to an active statistical state) as quickly as possible given an acceptable mean time between false alerts. In this case, the developed classification test can be thought of as equivalent to performing a sequential probability ratio test repeatedly until a class is decided, with the lower log-threshold of each test being set to zero and the upper log-threshold being determined by the expected distance between false alerts. It is of interest to estimate the delay (or, related stopping time) to a classification decision (the number of time samples it takes to classify the target), and the mean time between false alerts, as a function of feature selection and fusion by the Mean-Field Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm. Results are demonstrated by plotting the delay to declaring the target class versus the mean time between false alerts, and are shown using both different numbers of simulated training data and different numbers of relevant features for each class. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Lynch, RS (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Code 8212, Newport, RI 02841 USA. OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4481-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4731 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BU77W UT WOS:000176995000001 ER PT J AU Cotten, GB Eldredge, HB AF Cotten, GB Eldredge, HB TI Nanolevel magnetic separation model considering flow limitations SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE magnetic separation; modeling; particle; hydrodynamics; magnetite ID PARTICLE FLOCCULATION; FIELD; FILTRATION; NANOPARTICLES; PREDICTION; MATRICES; CAPTURE; WASTES AB This work proposes an enhanced nanolevel magnetic separation model considering flow limitations using simplifying assumptions. The theoretical model builds on magnetic heteroflocculation models described in the literature and couples the magnetic and hydrodynamic forces between two spherical particles with different sizes and different magnetic properties under bulk fluid flow conditions. Separator performance figures are presented showing the relationship between input parameters such as applied magnetic field strength, flow rate, and matrix material size and composition, and output parameters such as Peclet number and capture propensity for various contaminant particle sizes. This purely predictive model work may be useful in estimating actual magnetic separator performance and serve as a starting point for experimental work or more accurate mathematical models. This work provides a simplified mathematical model to predict magnetic separator performance based on single magnetic matrix particle and single magnetic contaminant particle interactions. Local maxima, or transition points, between matrix and contaminant particle size and separator performance indicate magnetic separator performance can be optimized by the selection of appropriate magnetic matrix particle size. Evaluation of points of maximum particle capture force using the Peclet number provides limiting conditions for retention of particles under Stokes flow conditions. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Eldredge Engn, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Cotten, GB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 46 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 37 IS 16 BP 3755 EP 3779 DI 10.1081/SS-120014830 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 626TL UT WOS:000179889200011 ER PT B AU Winchester, C Squires, T AF Winchester, C Squires, T BE Das, RSL Frank, H TI Development and evaluation of large lithium/thionyl chloride batteries for Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (UUV) power SO SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL BATTERY CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances CY JAN 15-18, 2002 CL CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH, LONG BEACH, CA SP IEEE HO CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH C1 NSWC Carderock, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Winchester, C (reprint author), NSWC Carderock, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7132-1 PY 2002 BP 61 EP 61 DI 10.1109/BCAA.2002.986369 PG 1 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BU02J UT WOS:000174743400011 ER PT B AU Govar, CJ Banner, JA AF Govar, CJ Banner, JA BE Das, RSL Frank, H TI Safety testing of batteries for Navy devices using lithium ion technology SO SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL BATTERY CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances CY JAN 15-18, 2002 CL CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH, LONG BEACH, CA SP IEEE HO CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Govar, CJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7132-1 PY 2002 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1109/BCAA.2002.986395 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BU02J UT WOS:000174743400037 ER PT S AU Jones, HD AF Jones, HD BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Theoretical equation of state for water at high pressures SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID THERMODYNAMIC PERTURBATION-THEORY; SIMPLE POLAR FLUIDS; SIMPLE LIQUIDS AB An equation of state (EOS) for liquid water is constructed for high pressures. A perturbation technique is used to calculate the thermodynamic properties of water. The intermolecular interaction is described by a spherically symmetric, exponential-6 potential and an angular dependent, multipolar contribution. Isothermal compression and the shock Hugoniot for water are well characterized by the theory. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Jones, HD (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 103 EP 106 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900019 ER PT S AU Peiris, SM Pangilinan, GI Zerilli, FJ Russell, TP AF Peiris, SM Pangilinan, GI Zerilli, FJ Russell, TP BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Structural studies and EOS of diaminodinitroethylene (DADNE FOX-7) under static compression SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; BASIS-SETS; DENSITY AB Structural and molecular changes in diaminodinitroethylene compressed to static pressures up to 4.2 GPa were investigated. Angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction experiments were performed with synchrotron radiation to monitor the compression and any phase changes. The results indicated higher compression along the b-axis than along the a- or c- axis. In addition, the ambient temperature isothermal equation of state of FOX-7 was generated from this data. Raman spectroscopy covering a 300 to 3400 cm(-1) range showed expected hardening of most vibrational modes. However, two modes in the energy regions corresponding to N-O stretching and H wagging, softened with pressure. This indicates the possible increase of intermolecular H bonding within the zigzagging planes of FOX-7 at increased pressures. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Energet Mat Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Peiris, SM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Energet Mat Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 181 EP 184 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900037 ER PT S AU Coffey, CS Sharma, J AF Coffey, CS Sharma, J BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Crystal failure and crack formation during plastic flow SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) of molecular crystals subjected to impact or shock has shown increasing lattice and molecular damage with increasing levels of plastic flow. While AFM measures only surface distortions, evidence exists showing that the molecular and lattice distortions persist deep within the crystal interior. This evidence of lattice damage has been used to provide a physical model of lattice softening and eventual failure during large plastic deformation due to impact or mild shock. For a simple geometry, the onset of crystal failure and crack trajectory during impact is determined and compared with experiment. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Coffey, CS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 563 EP 566 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900127 ER PT S AU Zerilli, FJ Armstrong, RW AF Zerilli, FJ Armstrong, RW BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Thermal activation constitutive model for polymers applied to polytetrafluoroethylene SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID EQUATIONS AB A constitutive model with a thermal activation plastic component combined with a Maxwell-Weichert linear viscoelastic component was applied to describe the dynamic elastic and plastic stress-strain behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene as a function of temperature, strain rate, and pressure. The linear viscoelastic component that describes the small strain behavior is given an explicit temperature dependence through Arrhenius-like temperature dependent relaxation times. The Arrhenius activation energies also include a linear pressure dependence. In the plastic component, the shear activation volume is taken to be inversely proportional to the shear stress and both the shear and dilatational activation volumes are functions of pressure. Strain hardening in the plastic component is described through the creation and destruction of flow units as defined by Kauzmann. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Zerilli, FJ (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 657 EP 660 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900150 ER PT S AU Joshi, VS Lee, RJ AF Joshi, VS Lee, RJ BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Resolving mechanical response of plastic bonded explosives at high strain-rate using split Hopkinson pressure bar SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB The mechanical properties of two explosives (PBXN-110 and PBXW-128) were determined using a split-Hopkinson pressure bar at strain rates between 10(3)/s and 10(4)/s. The stress-strain data for 1, 2 and 3-wave analysis were compared to determine when stress equalization was achieved in the test samples. PBXN-110 behaved similar to conventional Hopkinson bar samples, i.e., stress equalization was maintained for most of the loading cycle. Stress equalization was not achieved until late in the loading cycle for PBXW-128. This behavior eventually terminates during the compression process yielding a uniform response. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Joshi, VS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 701 EP 704 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900160 ER PT S AU Sharma, J Coffey, CS Armstrong, RW Elban, WL Hoover, SM AF Sharma, J Coffey, CS Armstrong, RW Elban, WL Hoover, SM BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Sub-molecular fracture steps in shock-shattered RDX crystals and follow-on nano-indentation evaluation of early stage plasticity SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID CRACKING AB Nano-crystallites of RDX produced by aquarium shock, were examined using atomic force microscopy and found to contain sharply defined, apparent shear-type (Mode II) fracture steps having heights less than the size of an RDX molecule. The sub-molecular steps run for substantial distances along crystallite surfaces, thus indicating concerted disregistry in depth between juxtaposed molecules across the crack surfaces. The observation of locally jumbled regions of displaced/misoriented molecules suggests an obstacle barrier, not previously considered, to either shear crack propagation or dislocation pile-up release with sufficient stress intensity to cause hot spot initiation. Recent follow-on nanostructural results are reported for separate cleaved RDX crystals containing nano-indentations showing only plastic deformation with evidence of cracking. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Sharma, J (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 837 EP 840 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900193 ER PT S AU Kelley, JM Joshi, VS Guirguis, RH AF Kelley, JM Joshi, VS Guirguis, RH BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Mechanical behavior of explosives at high pressures SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB The mechanical and ignition behaviors of heterogeneous explosives are highly dependent on the pressure. Experimental data of the compaction of composite plastic-bonded inert samples under hydrostatic loading conditions are presented. The data reduction techniques and the procedures used to correct errors introduced by the compliance of the apparatus are addressed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Kelley, JM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 864 EP 867 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900200 ER PT S AU Guirguis, RH Landsberg, AM AF Guirguis, RH Landsberg, AM BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Convective detonations SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Convective detonations are introduced, a novel concept whereby in some regions of the reaction zone, instead of solely depending on the shock-induced hot spots, convection significantly contributes to igniting the unreacted materials coming through the shock front. Radially-graded explosives is an application in which these detonations are likely to occur. Highly curved detonations can be sustained in these explosives, resulting in transverse pressure gradients that drive the decomposition products upstream, where these hot gases can ignite the surface of unreacted particles that crossed the shock front at a relatively weak section. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Guirguis, RH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 926 EP 929 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900215 ER PT S AU Woody, D Davis, JJ AF Woody, D Davis, JJ BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI The effect of variation of aluminum particle size and polymer on the performance of explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB The Ballistic Impact Chamber (BIC) test was used to measure the effect of particle size upon performance of the energetic material. Two different particle sizes of aluminum, 20 micron (mum) and 150 nanometer (nm), were added to LX-17 to measure their effect upon hazard sensitivity and energy/gram output. Also, the effect of the binder on the performance of the mixtures was explored. For this paper, Viton and Kel-F were compared. The Ballistic Impact Chamber test measures the initial rate of reaction, time of reaction, the burning reaction, and the energy output during the impact of the energetic material. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Combust Res Branch,Engn Sci Div,Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Woody, D (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Combust Res Branch,Engn Sci Div,Res Dept, 1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 942 EP 945 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900219 ER PT S AU Davis, JJ Miller, PJ AF Davis, JJ Miller, PJ BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Effect of metal particle size on blast performance of RDX-based explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB This paper discusses the role that aluminum particle size has on explosives blast performance. Tests were performed using a small sealed chamber and an open-ended shock tube. Three explosives were tested and the results presented. The Al particle size examined was 20 microns and 150 nanometers in a pressed PBXN-109 analog composition. (PBXN-109 was also tested.) A noticeable difference in the internal blast pressure was observed between the 20 mum and 150 nm Al in the sealed chamber but not in the shock tube. The chamber results compare favorably with modeling work performed. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Naval Aviat Sci & Technol Off,Res & Technol Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, JJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Naval Aviat Sci & Technol Off,Res & Technol Dept, 1 Adm Circle,Code 4T4330D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 950 EP 953 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900221 ER PT S AU Namkung, J Coffey, CS AF Namkung, J Coffey, CS BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Plastic deformation rate and initiation of crystalline explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Recent theoretical calculations have demonstrated a relationship between the rate of energy dissipation and the rate of plastic deformation in crystalline solids subjected to plastic flow due to shock or impact. In the case of explosive crystals the energy dissipated locally within the crystals during plastic deformation forms the hot spots from which chemical reaction can be initiated. Prompted by this prediction relating the plastic deformation rate with initiation, a series of experiments were undertaken to measure the plastic deformation rate at the initiation site at the moment of initiation for a number of polycrystalline explosives when subjected to impact or mild shock. The experiment and the results will be reviewed here. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Pax River, MD 20640 USA. RP Namkung, J (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Pax River, MD 20640 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1003 EP 1006 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900233 ER PT S AU Sutherland, GT AF Sutherland, GT BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Stress growth measurements for the explosive IRX-4 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Embedded gauge experiments were performed to measure the shock reactivity of IRX-4, a plastic-bonded explosive that contains HMX, Al, AP and HTPB binder. The pressure-time profiles obtained are similar to those obtained for similar composite explosives. Hugoniot points obtained are in agreement with those obtained with mixture theory. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Sutherland, GT (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1055 EP 1058 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900246 ER PT S AU Holt, WH Mock, W Santiago, F Gamache, RM AF Holt, WH Mock, W Santiago, F Gamache, RM BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Experiment to capture gaseous products from shock-decomposed materials SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID POWDER AB Vacuum-tight steel containers have been designed and impact tested for the purpose of capturing gaseous products from the shock decomposition of porous polymer materials. This work extends earlier gas gun experiments in which initially-porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder specimens were shock compressed inside closed non-vacuum-tight steel containers and soft recovered. Although a powder decomposition residue was produced in the containers and analyzed in situ, there was no attempt to recover any gaseous decomposition products for analysis. A series of gas gun impact experiments has now been performed to develop a gas-tight specimen container that can survive impact shock loading. The container is evacuated prior to the experiment. The impact of a gas-gun-accelerated metal disk produces a shock wave that passes through the container wall and into the specimen material. If gaseous products are formed, they can be collected in a sample cylinder for subsequent chemical analyses. Initial results are presented for PTFE powder specimens. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Holt, WH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1196 EP 1199 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900278 ER PT S AU Elert, ML Zybin, S White, CT AF Elert, ML Zybin, S White, CT BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Molecular dynamics modeling of impact-induced shock waves in hydrocarbons SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID ORGANIC-MOLECULES; DIAMOND; METHANE; SIMULATIONS; COMPRESSION; DELIVERY; BENZENE; CARBON AB We use nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the behavior of hydrocarbons under shock compression and spallation processes in shock and rarefaction waves generated by the high-velocity impact of a flyer plate into a target material. The interatomic forces were introduced using a recently modified reactive empirical bond order (REBO) potential with intermolecular interactions, termed the adaptive intermolecular REBO potential (AIREBO). This potential allows us to simulate as many as ten thousand molecules on a single processor, providing a relatively large cross-section at the shock front in hydrocarbon solids. We performed plane-wave impact experiments with different flyer velocities and observed the chemical dissociation of methane and acetylene molecules in the shock layer, followed by polymerization into carbon chains for certain flyer velocities. The hydrocarbon oligomers survive into the rarefaction region, indicating that stable molecular products have been formed. These results may be significant for the understanding of shock-induced chemical reactions resulting from meteorite impact in planetary atmospheres and methane ice surfaces. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Elert, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1406 EP 1409 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900327 ER PT S AU McCabe, DH Smith-Carroll, AS Gray, JE AF McCabe, DH Smith-Carroll, AS Gray, JE BE Drummond, OE TI Unresolved target detection - Detailed case study of a particular technique assuming correct calibration SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2002 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY APR 02-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE unresolved targets; radar cross-section; Neyman Pearson hypothesis testing; detection probability AB A particular method of detecting unresolved targets using simulated monopulse radar data is examined in detail. The system is assumed to be correctly calibrated i.e. the decision boundary is calculated based on the true values governing the hypothesis that only a single target is present in the range cell. The system performance is analyzed under varying values for target ranges, angles between the beam pointing direction and the actual off-boresight angle of the targets, waveform power and number of pulses. It is shown that these parameters have a pronounced impact on the Boundary, Metric and Decision Surfaces. The False Alarm probability for a single target as a function of waveform power is considered, as also are the detection probabilities when two targets are present. The important issue of locating the decision point on the Boundary Surface is briefly discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP McCabe, DH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Code B32, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4478-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4728 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.478494 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV29P UT WOS:000178477800001 ER PT S AU Hewer, G Kuo, W Kenney, C Hanson, G Bobinchak, J AF Hewer, G Kuo, W Kenney, C Hanson, G Bobinchak, J BE Drummond, OE TI Detection of small IR objects using wavelets, matched subspace detectors, and registration SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2002 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY APR 02-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE wavelets; matched subspace detector; registration AB Infrared sensors and advanced signal processing are used to detect small (or "point") targets in highly cluttered and noisy environments. In this paper, a wavelet detection algorithm and tracking of small targets in clutter will be discussed. A new registration algorithm based on optical flow estimates with matched subspace detectors against small maneuverable targets is also discussed. Both detectors incorporate adaptive constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection statistics. Simulation of the detection and tracking algorithms using an unclassified database with a helicopter target and platform for the video cameras is summarized. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Hewer, G (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Code 4T4100D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4478-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4728 BP 12 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.478504 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV29P UT WOS:000178477800002 ER PT S AU Chen, VC AF Chen, VC BE Drummond, OE TI Radar detection of multiple moving targets in clutter using time-frequency-radon transform SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2002 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY APR 02-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE time-frequency transform; Radon transform; moving targets; multiple targets AB In this paper, we analyze features of radar returns from moving targets, introduce the basic concept of time-frequency-Radon transforms, describe the Radon transform for line feature detection, discuss their applications to detection of multiple moving targets in clutter, and demonstrate two examples of moving target detection using simulated radar data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4478-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4728 BP 48 EP 59 DI 10.1117/12.478534 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV29P UT WOS:000178477800005 ER PT S AU Hutchins, RG Wilson, D Allred, LK Duren, R AF Hutchins, RG Wilson, D Allred, LK Duren, R BE Drummond, OE TI Alternative architectures for IMM tracking of maneuvering aircraft SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2002 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY APR 02-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE target tracking; maneuvering targets; interactive multiple models AB This paper presents the results of a study of tracking algorithms for maneuvering targets. The design focuses on alternative algorithms to track two-dimensional targets during maneuvers. The algorithms explored include a standard Kalman algorithm, an extended Kalman algorithm in which the target turn rate is an additional state variable, an interactive multiple model (IMM) algorithm consisting of two models with varying plant noise, a three-model IMM specifying three distinct target turn rates, and a constant gain alpha-beta filter. The IMM trackers tended to work the best in this study, with the three-model IMM performing the best overall. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Hutchins, RG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4478-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4728 BP 304 EP 314 DI 10.1117/12.478513 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV29P UT WOS:000178477800027 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Smith-Carroll, AS McCabe, DH Murray, WJ Alouani, AT AF Gray, JE Smith-Carroll, AS McCabe, DH Murray, WJ Alouani, AT BE Drummond, OE TI The Network Centric Warfare Paradigm: The primacy of estimation, tracking and data fusion algorithms for implementation of this vision SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2002 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY APR 02-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB What underpins this vision as axiomatic is the mantra "Information is power". Besides the necessary requirement of information exchange networks with sufficient bandwidth and computational power to treat the data being passed around the network;, algorithms are required to make sense of the data. It is estimation algorithms that turn the straw (data) into gold (information). Both proper execution and improvements in estimation algorithms are the enabling technology that facilitates the formation and usage of data across the envisioned warfare networks. We focus on some of the requirements that are driving the formation of these networks from a surface navy perspective in terms of estimation. We also discuss how these requirements focus the design of potentially new algorithms. We also discuss some of the crucial issues that may drive future requirements and algorithms. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM grayje1@nswc.navy.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4478-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4728 BP 330 EP 341 DI 10.1117/12.478515 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV29P UT WOS:000178477800029 ER PT S AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF BE Kadar, I TI Fuzzy logic resource manager: multi-agent techniques, fuzzy rules, strategies and fuzzy decision tree structure SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XI CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE fuzzy logic; resource management; genetic algorithms; expert systems; genetic programs AB Modem naval battleforces generally include many different platforms each with onboard sensors such as radar, ESM, and communications. The sharing of information measured by local sensors via communication links across the battlegroup should allow for optimal or near optimal decisions. A fuzzy logic algorithm has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack (EA) resources in real-time. The fuzzy logic approach allows the direct incorporation of expertise allowing decisions to be made based on these rules. Genetic algorithm based optimization is conducted to determine the form of the membership functions for the fuzzy root concepts. The resource manager is made up of five parts, the isolated platform model, the multi-platform model, the communication model, the fuzzy parameter selection tree and the fuzzy strategy tree. Automatic determination of fuzzy decision tree structure using a genetic program, an algorithm that creates other computer programs is discussed. A comparison to a tree obtained using a genetic program and one constructed based on expertise is made. The automatic discovery through genetic algorithms of mufti-platform techniques, rules and strategies is discussed. Two new multi-platform power allocation algorithms based on fuzzy number theory and linear and nonlinear programming are introduced. Methods of validating the algorithms are examined. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4479-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4729 BP 78 EP 89 DI 10.1117/12.477630 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BV33C UT WOS:000178612200009 ER PT S AU Stahlbush, RE Fedison, JB Arthur, SD Rowland, LB Kretchmer, JW Wang, S AF Stahlbush, RE Fedison, JB Arthur, SD Rowland, LB Kretchmer, JW Wang, S BE Yoshida, S Nishino, S Harima, H Kimoto, T TI Propagation of current-induced stacking faults and forward voltage degradation in 4H-SiC PiN diodes SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Sci& Technol Promot Fdn Ibaraki, Commwmorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Murate Sci Fdn, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Support Ctr Adv Telecommunicat Technol Res, Telecommunicat Adv Fdn, ARO-Fe, AOARD, ONRIFO, Cree Inc, DENSO Corp, Emcore Corp, Epigress AB, Fuji Elect Corp Res & Dev Ltd, Furukawa Elect Co Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kansai Elect Power Co Inc, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Inc, Mitsubishi Elect Corp, Mitsubishi Mat Corp, New Japan Radio Co Ltd, New Met & Chem Corp Ltd, Nichia Corp, Nippon Steel Corp, Nissan Motor Co Ltd, Nisso Shoji Co Ltd, Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd, ROHM Co Ltd, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Shindengen Elect Mfg Co Ltd, Shin-Etsu Hansotai Co Ltd, Showa Denko K K, Sony Corp, Sterling Semiconductor Inc, Sumitomo Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd, Toshiba Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Toyoda Cent R&D Labs Inc, Toyo Tanso Co Ltd, ULVAC Inc, Universal Syst Co Ltd DE current degradation; electroluminescence; PiN diodes; stacking faults AB Stacking fault growth in 4H SiC PiN diodes at I A (160 A/cm(2)) has been examined by light emission imaging. Dark areas of reduced current flow develop due to stacking fault nucleation and growth. The voltage increase at constant current varies by an order of magnitude within the same wafer and the length scale of the variations is 2-3 mm. The variations are explained by the number of stacking faults that nucleate and by pinning of the stacking fault growth. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect & Elect Mfg, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Gen Elect, Ctr Corp Res & Dev, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. Sterling Semicond, Danbury, CT 06810 USA. RP Stahlbush, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Rowland, Larry/C-4487-2008 NR 5 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-894-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 389-3 BP 427 EP 430 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU89T UT WOS:000177321100102 ER PT S AU Jones, KA Shah, PB Derenge, MA Ervin, MH Gerardi, GJ Freitas, JA Braga, GCB Vispute, RD Sharma, RP Holland, OW AF Jones, KA Shah, PB Derenge, MA Ervin, MH Gerardi, GJ Freitas, JA Braga, GCB Vispute, RD Sharma, RP Holland, OW BE Yoshida, S Nishino, S Harima, H Kimoto, T TI Comparison of Al and Al/C Co-implants in 4H-SiC annealed with an AlN cap SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Sci& Technol Promot Fdn Ibaraki, Commwmorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Murate Sci Fdn, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Support Ctr Adv Telecommunicat Technol Res, Telecommunicat Adv Fdn, ARO-Fe, AOARD, ONRIFO, Cree Inc, DENSO Corp, Emcore Corp, Epigress AB, Fuji Elect Corp Res & Dev Ltd, Furukawa Elect Co Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kansai Elect Power Co Inc, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Inc, Mitsubishi Elect Corp, Mitsubishi Mat Corp, New Japan Radio Co Ltd, New Met & Chem Corp Ltd, Nichia Corp, Nippon Steel Corp, Nissan Motor Co Ltd, Nisso Shoji Co Ltd, Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd, ROHM Co Ltd, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Shindengen Elect Mfg Co Ltd, Shin-Etsu Hansotai Co Ltd, Showa Denko K K, Sony Corp, Sterling Semiconductor Inc, Sumitomo Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd, Toshiba Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Toyoda Cent R&D Labs Inc, Toyo Tanso Co Ltd, ULVAC Inc, Universal Syst Co Ltd DE AlN cap; aluminum; annealing; carbon; CL; EPR; implantation; RBS AB The benefits of being able to anneal SiC samples for extended periods of time at relatively high temperatures without destroying the surface through the preferential evaporation of Si is demonstrated by comparing 4H-SiC samples implanted with Al or co-implanted with Al and C and annealed at temperatures ranging from 1300 - 1650degreesC. After analyzing the sheet resistance, EPR, RBS, and CL data, we conclude that samples co-implanted with C can more easily be activated because they more readily form electrically active complexes. The previously held belief that the implanted C helps to form more Si vacancies for the Al to occupy is shown to be incorrect as EPR data show that the implanted Al does not occupy Si sites in the SiC lattice. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. William Patterson U, Dept Chem & Phys, Wayne, NJ 07470 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jones, KA (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Power Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-894-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 389-3 BP 819 EP 822 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU89T UT WOS:000177321100197 ER PT S AU Das, MK Chung, GY Williams, JR Saks, NS Lipkin, LA Palmour, JW AF Das, MK Chung, GY Williams, JR Saks, NS Lipkin, LA Palmour, JW BE Yoshida, S Nishino, S Harima, H Kimoto, T TI High-current, NO-annealed lateral 4H-SiC MOSFETs SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Sci& Technol Promot Fdn Ibaraki, Commwmorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Murate Sci Fdn, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Support Ctr Adv Telecommunicat Technol Res, Telecommunicat Adv Fdn, ARO-Fe, AOARD, ONRIFO, Cree Inc, DENSO Corp, Emcore Corp, Epigress AB, Fuji Elect Corp Res & Dev Ltd, Furukawa Elect Co Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kansai Elect Power Co Inc, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Inc, Mitsubishi Elect Corp, Mitsubishi Mat Corp, New Japan Radio Co Ltd, New Met & Chem Corp Ltd, Nichia Corp, Nippon Steel Corp, Nissan Motor Co Ltd, Nisso Shoji Co Ltd, Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd, ROHM Co Ltd, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Shindengen Elect Mfg Co Ltd, Shin-Etsu Hansotai Co Ltd, Showa Denko K K, Sony Corp, Sterling Semiconductor Inc, Sumitomo Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd, Toshiba Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Toyoda Cent R&D Labs Inc, Toyo Tanso Co Ltd, ULVAC Inc, Universal Syst Co Ltd DE 4H-SiC; channel mobility; Hall Effect; interface states; MOS; MOSFETs; NO AB The effectiveness of using NO annealed silicon dioxide as a gate dielectric for 4H-SiC MOSFETs is investigated. The NO annealed devices show greater channel mobility than un-nitrided devices, as characterized by both field effect and Hall Effect measurements. The Hall Effect measurement also corroborates the reduced interface state density near the conduction band measured for n-type MOS capacitors. Furthermore, the NO passivation is uniform across the wafer, independent of the channel orientation in the c-plane, and only slightly reduced due to the presence of an ion implanted p-well. All of this allows us to scale up to large 2 area devices capable of delivering 2 A of current with a specific on-resistance of 10.3 mOmega-cm(2). C1 Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Das, MK (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27713 USA. NR 5 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-894-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 389-3 BP 981 EP 984 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU89T UT WOS:000177321100236 ER PT S AU Ryu, SH Agarwal, A Richmond, J Das, M Lipkin, L Palmour, J Saks, N Williams, J AF Ryu, SH Agarwal, A Richmond, J Das, M Lipkin, L Palmour, J Saks, N Williams, J BE Yoshida, S Nishino, S Harima, H Kimoto, T TI Large-area (3.3 mm x 3.3 mm) power MOSFETs in 4H-SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Sci& Technol Promot Fdn Ibaraki, Commwmorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Murate Sci Fdn, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Support Ctr Adv Telecommunicat Technol Res, Telecommunicat Adv Fdn, ARO-Fe, AOARD, ONRIFO, Cree Inc, DENSO Corp, Emcore Corp, Epigress AB, Fuji Elect Corp Res & Dev Ltd, Furukawa Elect Co Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kansai Elect Power Co Inc, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Inc, Mitsubishi Elect Corp, Mitsubishi Mat Corp, New Japan Radio Co Ltd, New Met & Chem Corp Ltd, Nichia Corp, Nippon Steel Corp, Nissan Motor Co Ltd, Nisso Shoji Co Ltd, Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd, ROHM Co Ltd, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Shindengen Elect Mfg Co Ltd, Shin-Etsu Hansotai Co Ltd, Showa Denko K K, Sony Corp, Sterling Semiconductor Inc, Sumitomo Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd, Toshiba Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Toyoda Cent R&D Labs Inc, Toyo Tanso Co Ltd, ULVAC Inc, Universal Syst Co Ltd DE avalanche; high voltage; MOSFETs; NO annealing; switching speed AB In this paper, our latest results in high voltage DiMOSFETs in 4H-SiC with active areas of up to 0.103 cm(2) (3.3 mm x 3.3 mm) are presented. The MOSFETs showed a MOS channel mobility of 22 cm(2)/V.s and a threshold voltage of 8.5 V. The DiMOSFETs exhibited an on-resistance of 42 MOmega.cm(2) at room temperature, which was shown to be scalable to larger devices. Stable avalanche characteristics at approximately 2.4 kV were measured. An on-current of 10A, which is the highest on-current measured on any normally-off SiC unipolar switch, with comparable blocking voltage reported to date, were observed from a 0.103 cm device. High switching speed, achieved using metallized gates, was demonstrated by an on-wafer dynamic measurement. A rise time of 165 ns and a fall time of 21 ns were observed, which suggests that the devices are suitable for high frequency, low loss switching applications up to 5 MHz. C1 Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Ryu, SH (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-894-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 389-3 BP 1195 EP 1198 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU89T UT WOS:000177321100288 ER PT S AU Mitra, S Tucker, JB Rao, MV Papanicolaou, N Jones, KA AF Mitra, S Tucker, JB Rao, MV Papanicolaou, N Jones, KA BE Yoshida, S Nishino, S Harima, H Kimoto, T TI Characteristics of MESFETs made by ion-implantation in bulk semi-insulating 4H-SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Sci& Technol Promot Fdn Ibaraki, Commwmorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Murate Sci Fdn, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Support Ctr Adv Telecommunicat Technol Res, Telecommunicat Adv Fdn, ARO-Fe, AOARD, ONRIFO, Cree Inc, DENSO Corp, Emcore Corp, Epigress AB, Fuji Elect Corp Res & Dev Ltd, Furukawa Elect Co Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kansai Elect Power Co Inc, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Inc, Mitsubishi Elect Corp, Mitsubishi Mat Corp, New Japan Radio Co Ltd, New Met & Chem Corp Ltd, Nichia Corp, Nippon Steel Corp, Nissan Motor Co Ltd, Nisso Shoji Co Ltd, Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd, ROHM Co Ltd, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Shindengen Elect Mfg Co Ltd, Shin-Etsu Hansotai Co Ltd, Showa Denko K K, Sony Corp, Sterling Semiconductor Inc, Sumitomo Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd, Toshiba Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Toyoda Cent R&D Labs Inc, Toyo Tanso Co Ltd, ULVAC Inc, Universal Syst Co Ltd DE annealing; DLTS; ion implantation; MESFETs; SiC AB N-channel MESFETs fabricated in semi-insulating bulk 4H-SiC by nitrogen ion implantation (6x10(17) cm(-3) nitrogen concentration in the channel) using an aluminum Schottky gate metal and nickel ohmic contacts are studied for DC characteristics and deep level behavior. The pinch-off voltage, drain saturation current and transconductance of the MESFET are measured as -18V, similar to40 mA and 5.4 mS, respectively. Devices exhibited almost stable DC characteristics upto a temperature of 350degreesC. DLTS study revealed deep trap levels at energies 0.51 eV, 0.6 eV, 0.68 eV, 0.768 eV and 0.89 eV above the valence band edge E-v. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mitra, S (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-894-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 389-3 BP 1391 EP 1394 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU89T UT WOS:000177321100336 ER PT S AU Peterson, KA Park, C Dutta, I AF Peterson, KA Park, C Dutta, I BE Veteran, JL OMeara, DL Misra, V Ho, PS TI Interfacial sliding in back-end interconnect structures in microelectronic devices SO SILICON MATERIALS-PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION AND RELIABILITY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Materials held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID HIGH-DENSITY INTERCONNECTS; COPPER-FILMS; THIN-FILM; STRESS; DEFORMATION AB Deformation of interconnect structures at the back-end of microelectronic devices during processing or service can have a pronounced effect on component reliability. Here, we use atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study plastic deformation and interfacial sliding of Cu interconnects lines on Si. The behavior of both stand-alone Cu lines and lines embedded in a low K dielectric was studied. Following thermal cycling, changes were observed in the in-plane Cu line dimensions, as well as the out-of plane step height between Cu and dielectric in single layer structures. These were attributed to differential deformation of the Cu/Si and Cu/dielectric material pairs due to thermal expansion mismatch, accommodated by interfacial creep. These results are discussed in light of previous work on the mechanism of interfacial creep. Some preliminary results on the distortion of Cu lines due to package-level stresses are also presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Peterson, KA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-652-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 716 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BV54Z UT WOS:000179334200076 ER PT B AU Chu, PC Wang, J Qi, YQ AF Chu, PC Wang, J Qi, YQ GP AMS AMS TI South china sea surface elevation variability determined from TOPEX/POSEIDON data SO SIXTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI QI, Yiquan/H-2637-2012 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 12 EP 17 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BV53W UT WOS:000179289900004 ER PT B AU Pauley, PM AF Pauley, PM GP AMS AMS TI Errors in operational aircraft data SO SIXTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID TEMPERATURE; WIND C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pauley, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 283 EP 290 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BV53W UT WOS:000179289900065 ER PT S AU Kolar, R AF Kolar, R BE Wilson, AR Varadan, VV TI Dynamic characteristics of layered metal-fiber-composites including transverse shear deformation SO SMART MATERIALS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Smart Materials, Nano-, and Micro-Smart Systems CY DEC 16-18, 2002 CL RMIT UNIV, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP SPIE, Univ Arkansas, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Cooperat Res Ctr Microtechnol, Dept Def, Australia, Swinburne Univ Technol, Adelaide Univ, Japanese Soc Electr Packaging, New Energy & Ind Technol Dev Org HO RMIT UNIV DE dynamics of composites; metal-fiber laminates; transverse shear; vibrations AB Layered composites have attracted attention for their high specific stiffness, high specific strength, and application specific tailoring of their properties. It is also recognized that layered composites are prone to delamination failure in addition to other failure modes. Consideration of transverse shear on the deformation behavior of the composites is an important aspect in the study of delamination mode failure of such plates. In this paper, we consider the effects of including the transverse shear deformation on the vibration characteristics of layered composites. The formulation is based on the Raleigh-Ritz method using the beam characteristic functions. In addition to including the transverse shear, the formulation is developed for metal-fiber-layered composite plates. This type of laminate construction offers the advantage of both the metallic and fiber properties. Various commonly occuring boundary conditions are discussed. Results are provided showing the effects of the shear deformation on the metal-fiber laminates. The effects of laminate thickness, fiber orientation, and the plate aspect ratios on the free vibration characteristics of the metlal-fiber laminates are given to demonstrate the methodology described. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kolar, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 699 Dyer Rd,Bldg 234,Rm 245, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4729-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4934 BP 270 EP 278 DI 10.1117/12.469170 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BW27G UT WOS:000181396100031 ER PT S AU Martin, WN Ghoshal, A Sundaresan, MJ Lebby, GL Schulz, MJ Pratap, PR AF Martin, WN Ghoshal, A Sundaresan, MJ Lebby, GL Schulz, MJ Pratap, PR BE Kundu, T TI Artificial nerve system for structural monitoring SO SMART NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION FOR HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Nondestructive Evaluation for Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems CY MAR 18-20, 2002 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE DE structural health monitoring; piezoelectric; sensor array; neural system ID NEURAL NETWORKS; ARRAY AB Recent structural health monitoring techniques have focused on developing global sensor systems that can detect damage on large structures. The approach presented here uses a piezoelectric sensor array system that mimics the biological nervous system architecture to measure acoustic emissions and dynamic strains in structures. The advantage of this approach is that the number of channels of data acquisition used for an N-by-N sensor array can be reduced from N<^>2 to 2N. For large arrays the number of data acquisition channels is tremendously reduced. When transient damage events occur on the structure, the array output time histories can be recorded and the location of the excitation can be accurately determined using combinatorial logic. A trade-off is the difficulty of extracting individual sensor time histories from the array outputs without a neural network or a regressive technique. Only the sums of the sensor strains of each row and column can be exactly calculated using the voltage outputs of the array. The array approach allows efficient use of data acquisition instrumentation for structural health monitoring. Applications for the sensor array include crack and delamination detection, dynamic strain measurement, impact detection, and localization of damage on large complex structures. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM martinwm@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; anindyaghoshal@ua.edu; mannur@ncat.edu; lebby@ncat.edu; Mark.J.Schulz@uc.edu; pratap@uncg.edu NR 58 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4450-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4702 BP 49 EP 62 PG 14 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BU90E UT WOS:000177343800006 ER PT S AU Trickey, S Todd, M Seaver, M Nichols, J AF Trickey, S Todd, M Seaver, M Nichols, J BE Kundu, T TI Geometric time domain methods of vibration based damage detection SO SMART NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION FOR HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Nondestructive Evaluation for Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems CY MAR 18-20, 2002 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE DE vibration based damage detection; time domain; chaotic attractor property analysis ID CHAOTIC DATA AB We present a now methodology for vibration based damage detection derived from the characterization of changes in the geometric properties of the time domain response of a structure. Many new features present themselves when the geometry of attracting objects in phase space are considered. The most promising avenue of study are metrics that describe changes to the attractor shape or dimension. In particular, the utility of a feature consisting of the ratio of average local variance (or spatial dispersion) of the input to the average local variance of the response is assessed. Presenting the results of the geometric time domain method in a statistical framework highlights the method's increased sensitivity to subtle damage-inflicted changes to the structure when compared to more traditional modal based methods. In addition the geometric method demonstrates a more robust handling of changes due to ambient environmental fluctuation. Results are presented from a finite element model of a thin plate with weld line damage implemented through a relaxation of a boundary condition. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trickey, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4450-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4702 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1117/12.469870 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BU90E UT WOS:000177343800012 ER PT S AU Schneider, CS AF Schneider, CS BE Lynch, CS TI Equation of state for ferromagnetic transducers SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2002: ACTIVE MATERIALS: BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2002 Conference CY MAR 18-21, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn, ISIS Canada, USAF Off Sci Res, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res OFf, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Ceram Soc Japan, USN Off Naval Res, Nav Res Lab DE transducer; ferromagnetic; hysteresis; stress; magnetostriction; anisotropy; susceptibility; anhysteretic ID HYSTERESIS; FIELD AB An equation of state based upon magnetization scaled to its saturation value, m = M/M-s, applied magnetic field scaled to its coercive value, h = H/H-c, distribution of coercivities, and reversible susceptibility X-rev of magnetization and applied stress, scaled to its initial value is proposed for ferromagnetic transducers. Reversible susceptibility divided by the initial susceptibility is the anisotropy function of domain magnetization, decreasing for Terfenol-D nearly linearly with scaled magnetization from one in the demagnetized state to zero at saturation. Measurements of reversible susceptibility, initial, anhysteretic and saturate magnetization curves, and loops for Terfenol-D show that differential magnetic susceptibility is the product of the reversible susceptibility and a cooperative function due to domain interactions. This function is roughly triangular in magnetization having the same slope from each reversal for magnetization magnitude up to half of saturation, at which the onset and decay of cooperation occur. This cooperative function causes parabolic Rayleigh minor loops and sigmoid major B(H) curves truncated by stress demagnetization. Anhysteretic reluctivity increases linearly with the root sum square of shape and stress demagnetizations, the latter added to the anisotropy function. Magnetization loops under stress are modeled and the d* transducer constant dB/dsigma is derived as a function of stress and magnetization. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schneider, CS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM schneide@usna.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4447-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4699 BP 463 EP 472 DI 10.1117/12.475002 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BV06L UT WOS:000177732900047 ER PT S AU Lindberg, JF AF Lindberg, JF BE Lynch, CS TI Material challenges for transducer designers in the 21(st) century SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2002: ACTIVE MATERIALS: BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2002 Conference CY MAR 18-21, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn, ISIS Canada, USAF Off Sci Res, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res OFf, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Ceram Soc Japan, USN Off Naval Res, Nav Res Lab DE underwater transducers; sonar; transducers; active materials; ferroelectrics; magnetostrictive; piezoelectric; electrostrictive ID POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE-TRIFLUOROETHYLENE) COPOLYMER; DIRECTIONAL FLEXTENSIONAL TRANSDUCER; INDUCED-STRAIN; TERFENOL-D AB The modern U.S. Navy is rapidly evolving to meet the challenges of operating in the littorals. This focus changes the rules, especially to the designers of sonar systems that now need to aggressively engage quiet diesel electric submarine threats and neutralize sophisticated underwater mines. These new responsibilities dictate that new concepts be developed. To meet these new demands on the sonar system, transducer designers are being tasked to design transducers and to utilize new materials to address performance requirements that were never even imagined a decade ago. Sensor needs are no longer limited to pressure types but now have to sense velocity or acceleration. Sources are challenged to both frequency extent and power levels. The need to physically move sources off of submarines and surface combatants and onto vehicles with limited energy capabilities prompt the challenge of efficient bandwidth and high coupling. These are the needs of the 'next Navy'; the needs of the 'Navy after next' will present an even more demanding scenario. The future will demand revolutionary technology at the micro level with devices utilizing new power sources and new materials. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Lindberg, JF (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4447-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4699 BP 485 EP 498 DI 10.1117/12.475005 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BV06L UT WOS:000177732900049 ER PT S AU Butler, SC AF Butler, SC BE Lynch, CS TI A 2.5 kHz magnetostrictive Tonpilz sonar transducer design SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2002: ACTIVE MATERIALS: BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2002 Conference CY MAR 18-21, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn, ISIS Canada, USAF Off Sci Res, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res OFf, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Ceram Soc Japan, USN Off Naval Res, Nav Res Lab DE transducer; sonar; magnetostrictive; acoustics; Terfenol AB Naval Undersea Warfare Center has fabricated and tested a 2.5 kHz magnetostrictive sonar transducer to validate various modeling techniques. The transducer selected is a longitudinal vibrator Tonpilz type consisting of Terfenol-D driver, tail mass, radiating head mass, and stress rod bolt with 21 MPa (3000 psi) prestress. The Terfenol-D drive rod is interlaced with three samarium cobalt magnets, one in the center and one on either end magnetically biasing the Terfenol to 60 kA/m (750 Oe). Both the Terfenol-D rods and magnets were laminated to reduce eddy currents. The magnetic circuit is comprised of pole piece discs on each end of the Terfenol-D magnet assembly and an external magnetic cylinder (return path) made of a high-permeability, high-resistivity, high-saturation powdered metal "T2". The transducer has a 25 cm (9.8in) diameter radiating face (piston), is 28 cm (11 in.) long, and weighs 15 kg (32 lb.) without the housing. It is 41 cm (16 in.) long and 25 kg (56 lb.) with the underwater housing. The measured results are compared to a finite element model using "ATILA" and distributed plane wave element equivalent circuit model. The coupling coefficient, permeability and mechanical loss effects for different prestress loads were measured on a resonant Terfenol "dumbbell" device. The in-water measured results indicate a mechanical Q of 2.5, an effective coupling coefficient of 0.36, an electro-acoustic efficiency of 60%, beam pattern directivity index of 6 dB, a maximum Source Level of 214.6 dB re 1uPa/m at 15 Amps AC drive and bandwidth of 2 kHz to 5.4 kHz +/- 1.5 dB. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Butler, SC (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4447-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4699 BP 510 EP 521 DI 10.1117/12.475007 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BV06L UT WOS:000177732900051 ER PT S AU Thomas, JP Qidwai, MA Matic, P Everett, RK Gozdz, AS Keennon, MT Grasmeyer, JM AF Thomas, JP Qidwai, MA Matic, P Everett, RK Gozdz, AS Keennon, MT Grasmeyer, JM BE McGowan, AMR TI Structure-power multifunctional materials for UAV's SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2002: INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2002 Conference CY MAR 18-21, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn, ISIS Canada, USAF Off Sci Res, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res OFf, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Ceram Soc Japan, USN Off Naval Res, Nav Res Lab DE multifunctional; structure-battery; plastic-lithium-ion battery; unmanned air vehicle; micro air vehicle AB This paper presents multifunctional structure-plus-power developments being pursued under DARPA sponsorship with the focus on structure-battery components for unmanned air vehicles (UAV). New design strategies, analysis methods, performance indices, and prototypes for multifunctional structure-battery materials are described along with the development of two UAV prototypes with structure-battery implementation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thomas, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Everett, Richard/0000-0002-6725-9442; Qidwai, Siddiq/0000-0002-2389-118X NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4446-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4698 BP 160 EP 170 DI 10.1117/12.475061 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BV06K UT WOS:000177732700016 ER PT S AU Yoshimori, M Nakayama, S Takeda, H Ogawa, H Murphy, RJ Share, GH AF Yoshimori, M Nakayama, S Takeda, H Ogawa, H Murphy, RJ Share, GH BE Simnett, GM TI Impulsive and extended acceleration in the 1977 November 6 solar flare SO SOLAR COMPOSITION: NEW PERSPECTIVES FROM IN-SITU AND REMOTE SENSING STUDIES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D2 1-E3 2 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 16-23, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Comm Space Res ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; ABUNDANCES; EMISSION AB Yohkoh observed strong gamma-ray emission from a flare (X9.4/2B) on November 6, 1997. The emission was impulsive and lasted for about 4 min (11:52-11:56 UT). The spectrum exhibits gamma-ray lines and extends up to a few tens of MeV. The Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) on board the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) missed the peak phase of gamma-ray flare but detected significant solar neutrons between 12:08 and 12:28 UT. In order to explain the OSSE neutron time profile, we propose an extended neutron production. We find a continued gamma-ray production after the peak phase from the Yohkoh result, supporting our proposal. We discuss the possibility that particle acceleration is associated with a magnetic reconnection and its site moves up with time. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yoshimori, M (reprint author), Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 85 EP 90 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00176-X DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00176-X PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV03R UT WOS:000177664600011 ER PT J AU Torsti, J Kocharov, L Laivola, J Pohjolainen, S Plunkett, SP Thompson, BJ Kaiser, ML Reiner, MJ AF Torsti, J Kocharov, L Laivola, J Pohjolainen, S Plunkett, SP Thompson, BJ Kaiser, ML Reiner, MJ TI Solar particle events with helium-over-hydrogen enhancement in the energy range up to 100 MeV nucl(-1) SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; CORONAL MASS EJECTION; X-RAY; FLARE; ABUNDANCES; WIND; MISSION; ACCELERATION; SIMULATIONS; ATMOSPHERE AB Flux measurements of solar energetic particles (SEPs) in the ERNE instrument onboard SOHO indicate that the abundance of He-4-nuclei compared to protons in the energy range up to 100 MeV nucl(-1) was exceptionally high during the particle events on 27 May 1998 and 28 December 1999. The He-4/p ratio stayed between 0.15-0.50 for more than ten hours. There was also a prolonged enhancement in helium-3, He-3/H-4 approximate to 1%. Observations of EIT and LASCO on board SOHO confirm that the originators of both SEP events were western eruptions, flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The onset of the SEP release took place close to the maximum of flares which Were probably triggered by the rising CMEs. The observations suggest that the SEP events were started with the flare-(pre)accelerated particles, but impact of the CME-associated shocks might explain the continuation and modification of the helium and proton fluxes well after the flare production. These observations support the idea that the helium enhancements in the CME-associated events reflect the availability of seed particles that originate previously in flares. C1 Univ Turku, Dept Phys, Space Res Lab, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland. Univ Turku, Tuorla Observ, FIN-21500 Piikkio, Finland. USN, Res Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Raytheon ITSS, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Torsti, J (reprint author), Univ Turku, Dept Phys, Space Res Lab, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 205 IS 1 BP 123 EP 147 DI 10.1023/A:1013816929208 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 539UL UT WOS:000174889800009 ER PT S AU Floyd, LE Prinz, DK Crane, PC Herring, LC AF Floyd, LE Prinz, DK Crane, PC Herring, LC BE Frohlich, C Pap, JM Dame, L Marsch, E TI Solar UV irradiance variation during cycles 22 and 23 SO SOLAR VARIABILITY AND SOLAR PHYSICS MISSIONS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E2 3/E2 4 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission E held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP European Space Agcy, Int Astron Union, Comm Space Res ID RESEARCH SATELLITE UARS; SUSIM UARS; MONITOR SUSIM; ULTRAVIOLET; CALIBRATION; VARIABILITY; SBUV/2 AB The Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SUSIM) aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) has been measuring solar UV irradiances since October 1991, a period which includes the decline of solar cycle 22 followed by the rise of cycle 23. Daily solar measurements include scans over the wavelength range 115-410 nm at 1.1 nm resolution. As expected, the measured time series of UV irradiances exhibit strong periodicities in solar cycle and solar rotation. For all wavelengths, the UV irradiance time series are similar to that of the Mg II core-to-wing ratio. During solar cycle 22, the irradiance of the strong Ly-alpha line varied by more than a factor of two. The peak-to-peak irradiance variation declined with increasing wavelength, reaching similar to10% just below the Al edge at 208 nm. Between the Al edge and 250 nm the variation was similar to6-7%. Above 250 nm, the variation declines further until none is observed above similar to290 nm. Preliminary results for the first portion of cycle 23 indicate that the far UV below the Al edge is rising at about the same rate as the Mg II index while the irradiances in the Ly-a emission line and for wavelengths longer than the Al edge are rising more slowly - even after accounting for the lower level of activity of cycle 23. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Interferomet Inc, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Floyd, LE (reprint author), Interferomet Inc, 14120 Parke Long, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1957 EP 1962 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00242-9 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00242-9 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BU89J UT WOS:000177314700011 ER PT S AU Howard, RA Moses, JD Socker, DG Dere, KP Cook, JW AF Howard, RA Moses, JD Socker, DG Dere, KP Cook, JW CA SECCHI Consortium BE Frohlich, C Pap, JM Dame, L Marsch, E TI Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) SO SOLAR VARIABILITY AND SOLAR PHYSICS MISSIONS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E2 3/E2 4 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission E held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP European Space Agcy, Int Astron Union, Comm Space Res ID MASS EJECTIONS; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; SOHO/EIT OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR; TRANSIENT; TOMOGRAPHY; INITIATION; ENERGY; LOOPS AB The Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) on the NASA Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission is a suite of remote sensing instruments consisting of an extreme ultraviolet imager, two white light coronagraphs, and a heliospheric imager. Two spacecraft with identical instrumentation will obtain simultaneous observations from viewpoints of increasing separation in the ecliptic plane. In support of the STEREO mission objectives, SECCHI will observe coronal mass ejections from their birth at the Sun, through the outer corona, to their impact at Earth. The SECCHI program includes a coordinated effort to develope magneto-hydrodynamic models and visualization tools to interpret the images that will be obtained from the two spacecraft viewpoints. The resulting three-dimensional analysis of CMEs will help to resolve some of the fundamental outstanding questions in solar physics. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Howard, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 37 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 29 IS 12 BP 2017 EP 2026 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00147-3 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00147-3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BU89J UT WOS:000177314700020 ER PT S AU Vourlidas, A Buzasi, D Howard, RA Esfandiari, E AF Vourlidas, A Buzasi, D Howard, RA Esfandiari, E GP ESA ESA TI Mass and energy properties of lasco CMEs SO SOLAR VARIABILITY: FROM CORE TO OUTER FRONTIERS, VOLS 1 & 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Solar Physics Meeting CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP European Commiss, European Phys Soc, European Space Agcy, Astron Inst Acad Sci, Prvni Energeticka a s DE coronal mass ejections; solar activity ID EJECTIONS AB We present measurements of the dynamical (mass, potential energy) and kinetic (speed, kinetic energy) properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The sample includes the majority of white light CMEs observed between 1996-2000. In particular, we investigate the mass and energy distributions of CMEs and compare it to similar analyses from past coronagraphs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Solar Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vourlidas, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Solar Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 13 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-816-6 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2002 VL 506 BP 91 EP 94 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW17V UT WOS:000181080400020 ER PT J AU Thonhauser, T Ambrosch-Draxl, C Singh, DJ AF Thonhauser, T Ambrosch-Draxl, C Singh, DJ TI Stress and pressure within the linearized-augmented plane-wave method SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE elasticity; mechanical properties; strain, high pressure ID ALL-ELECTRON; TOTAL-ENERGY; FORCE; SOLIDS AB We present an analytic expression for the stress tensor in a solid within the linearized-augmented plane-wave method, with special emphasis on the method specific corrections. From this formalism we derive a simple formula for the pressure, which can be calculated very quickly on the computer and should be easy to implement in existing computer codes, since almost all the ingredients are standard quantities. Results for aluminum and silicon show the high accuracy and reliability of the formalism derived. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Graz Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thonhauser, T (reprint author), Graz Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Univ Pl 5, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Draxl, Claudia/O-6189-2016 OI Draxl, Claudia/0000-0003-3523-6657 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2002 VL 124 IS 8 BP 275 EP 282 AR PII S0038-1098(02)00181-3 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(02)00181-3 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 618QK UT WOS:000179428600001 ER PT J AU Kuz'menko, AB Mena, FP Molegraaf, HJA van der Marel, D Gorshunov, B Dressel, M Mazin, II Kortus, J Dolgov, OV Muranaka, T Akimitsu, J AF Kuz'menko, AB Mena, FP Molegraaf, HJA van der Marel, D Gorshunov, B Dressel, M Mazin, II Kortus, J Dolgov, OV Muranaka, T Akimitsu, J TI Manifestation of multiband optical properties of MgB2 SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE optical properties of MgB2; electron-phonon interactions; superconductors ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB The optical conductivity of MgB2 has been determined on a dense polycrystalline sample in the spectral range 6 meV-4.6 eV using a combination of ellipsometric and normal incidence reflectivity measurements. sigma(1)(w) features a narrow Drude peak with anomalously small plasma frequency (1.4 eV) and a very broad 'dome' structure, which comprises the bulk of the low-energy spectral weight. This fact can be reconciled with the results of band structure calculations by assuming that charge carriers from the 2D sigma-bands and the 3D pi-bands have principally different impurity scattering rates and negligible interband scattering. This also explains a surprisingly small correlation between the defect concentration and T-c, expected for a two-gap superconductor. The large 3D carrier scattering rate suggests their proximity to the localization limit. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Groningen, Ctr Mat Sci, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 157, Japan. RP Kuz'menko, AB (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Ctr Mat Sci, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Dressel, Martin/D-3244-2012; Mena, Fausto Patricio/H-8193-2013; Gorshunov, Boris/J-3928-2013; Dolgov, Oleg/M-8120-2015; van der Marel, Dirk/G-4618-2012 OI Mena, Fausto Patricio/0000-0001-8616-0854; Gorshunov, Boris/0000-0001-8882-3930; Dolgov, Oleg/0000-0001-8997-2671; van der Marel, Dirk/0000-0001-5266-9847 NR 21 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2002 VL 121 IS 9-10 BP 479 EP 484 AR PII S0038-1098(02)00004-2 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(02)00004-2 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 537HQ UT WOS:000174753200006 ER PT B AU Mathur, VK Bandyopadhyay, PK Barkyoumb, JH Cai, GG AF Mathur, VK Bandyopadhyay, PK Barkyoumb, JH Cai, GG BE Horowitz, YS Oster, L TI Low temperature studies in LiF : Mg,Cu,P SO SOLID STATE DOSIMETRY, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Bicron Radiat Measurements Products, Bubble Technol, Int Soild State Dosimetry Org, Landauer, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Space Biomed Res Inst, Nucl Technol Publishing ID ALKALI-HALIDES; THERMOLUMINESCENCE; PHOSPHOR; SPECTRA; COPPER; CU+ AB Despite extensive investigations carried out in LiF:Mg,Cu,P, the nature of the emission centre is not clearly understood. Results of X ray excited emission in this material at room temperature and at 16 K are presented to obtain more data that can throw light on the emission characteristics of this material. At room temperature only a single emission peak is seen around 390 nm but at 16 K the emission appears to consist of more than one emission band. The emission spectra could be fitted with three bands with peaks at 332, 385 and 447 nm. The X ray excited emission at 16 K after annealing at 573 K for 5 min suppresses the 332 nm emission but enhances 447 nm emission. Moreover, annealing at 573 K greatly reduces the emission intensity, which signifies that the luminescent centres are also destroyed in this process. Temperature-dependent X ray excited fluorescence below room temperature provides evidence of the existence of shallow traps, which give rise to a thermoluminescence peak around 130 K. On the basis of the present investigations it is proposed that the complex nature of the emission may be related to the formation of donor-acceptor pairs in this material. The possible nature of this donor-acceptor complex is discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Mathur, VK (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAMTRANS PUBLISHING PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX NO 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND BN 1-870965-73-6 PY 2002 BP 103 EP 106 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV69W UT WOS:000179805700016 ER PT B AU Cassata, JR Moscovitch, M Rotunda, JE Velbeck, KJ AF Cassata, JR Moscovitch, M Rotunda, JE Velbeck, KJ BE Horowitz, YS Oster, L TI A new paradigm in personal dosimetry using LiF : Mg,Cu,P SO SOLID STATE DOSIMETRY, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Bicron Radiat Measurements Products, Bubble Technol, Int Soild State Dosimetry Org, Landauer, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Space Biomed Res Inst, Nucl Technol Publishing ID THERMOLUMINESCENCE AB The United States Navy has been monitoring personnel for occupational exposure to ionising radiation since 1947. Film was exclusively used until 1973 when thermoluminescence dosemeters were introduced and used to the present time. In 1994, a joint research project between the Naval Dosimetry Center, Georgetown University, and Saint Gobain Crystals and Detectors (formerly Bicron RMP formerly Harshaw TLD) began to develop a state of the art thermoluminescent dosimetry The study was conducted from a large-scale dosimetry processor point of view with emphasis on a systems approach. Significant improvements were achieved by replacing the LiF:Mg,Ti with LiF:Mg,Cu,P TL elements due to the significant sensitivity increase, linearity, and negligible fading. Dosemeter filters were optimised for gamma and X ray energy discrimination using Monte Carlo modelling (MCNP) resulting in significant improvement in accuracy and precision. Further improvements were achieved through the use of neural-network based dose calculation algorithms. Both back propagation and functional link methods were implemented and the data compared with essentially the same results. Several operational aspects of the system are discussed, including (1) background subtraction using control dosemeters, (2) selection criteria for control dosemeters, (3) optimisation of the TLD readers, (4) calibration methodology, and (5) the optimisation of the heating profile. C1 USN, Dosimetry Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Cassata, JR (reprint author), USN, Dosimetry Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAMTRANS PUBLISHING PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX NO 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND BN 1-870965-73-6 PY 2002 BP A27 EP A42 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV69W UT WOS:000179805700122 ER PT B AU Huston, AL Justus, BL Falkenstein, PL Miller, RW Ning, H Altemus, R AF Huston, AL Justus, BL Falkenstein, PL Miller, RW Ning, H Altemus, R BE Horowitz, YS Oster, L TI Optically stimulated luminescent glass optical fibre dosemeter SO SOLID STATE DOSIMETRY, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Bicron Radiat Measurements Products, Bubble Technol, Int Soild State Dosimetry Org, Landauer, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Space Biomed Res Inst, Nucl Technol Publishing ID DOPED FUSED QUARTZ; DOSIMETRY; THERMOLUMINESCENCE AB An optical fibre radiation dosemeter has been developed that utilises optically stimulated luminescence and scintillation to provide independent, remote, real-time dose measurements. The radiation sensitive element consists of a 1 mm long, 0.4 mm diameter piece of copper-ion-doped fused quartz that is attached to a 1 m length of commercial optical fibre. The dosemeter probe is 0.6 mm in diameter and is flexible enough to be used in standard medical catheters for internal radiation dose measurements. A four-channel dosemeter system has been built and characterised under conditions typical of a radiotherapy environment. The device exhibits a linear response over the range of doses from 0.01 Gy to 10 Gy. The dosemeter responds identically to both electrons and photons in the range from 4 to 20 MV and the calibration was retained to within 2% over a period of 4 weeks. The fibre dosemeter has been used successfully to verify doses received by three patients receiving radiotherapy treatments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huston, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAMTRANS PUBLISHING PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX NO 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND BN 1-870965-73-6 PY 2002 BP A23 EP A26 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV69W UT WOS:000179805700121 ER PT J AU Buot, FA Mittereder, JA Anderson, WT Ioannou, DE AF Buot, FA Mittereder, JA Anderson, WT Ioannou, DE TI Transient thermal simulations of a three-dimensional unit cell in power control systems and high-power microwave devices SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE 3-D thermal transient simulation; SiC and GaN power control devices; short-circuit; IGBT; atomic force microscopy (AFM); high-power microwave devices; SiC MMIC ID DRAIN BURNOUT CHARACTERISTICS; ELECTRON AB Detailed numerical assessment is given supporting the need to go beyond two-dimensions for numerically analyzing the electrothermal characteristics of power control devices employed in high-performance paralleling layout topology, and high-power microwave devices in monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC). An accurate understanding of transient thermal characteristics, particularly the transient power-overload failure mechanism, is needed and requires the use of three-dimensional (3-D) transient electrothermal simulations. This will enable the design optimization of these power control devices for hardening against failure due to external fault conditions. We have compared the characteristic thermal speed response of Si, SiC, and GaN power control devices under short-circuit conditions, using 3-D time-dependent simulations. Such improved thermal simulation is also very important for high-power microwave devices and MMIC. Calibration of our numerical techniques with experiment is implemented using atomic force microscopy temperature measurements. The consistent agreement between measured values and simulated results indicates the need to couple detailed numerical simulation with high-resolution measurement technique, especially in identifying heat-flow bottlenecks. This will allow taking into account the actual thermal coupling of semiconductor substrate with the base plate and surrounding environment, where the fixed-temperature boundary condition usually applied at the substrate is not valid. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Buot, FA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6862,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 1 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(01)00204-0 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 513FL UT WOS:000173367200019 ER PT S AU Antiochos, SK AF Antiochos, SK BE SawayaLacoste, H TI Sheared magnetic fields and eruptive phenomena: Prominences, flares, and coronal mass ejections SO SOLMAG 2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE MAGNETIC COUPLING OF THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE EUROCONFERENCE AND IAU COLLOQUIUM 188 SE ESA Special Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Euroconference/IAU Colloquium 188 on Magnetic Coupling of the Solar Atmosphere CY JUN 11-15, 2002 CL SANTORINI, GREECE SP Natl Observ Athens, Max Planck Inst Aeron, European Commiss, European Space Agcy, Int Astron Union, ASTRIUM, EFG Eurobank Ergasias, Univ Athens, Hellenic Aerosp Agcy DE sun; MHD : solar activity ID SOLAR PROMINENCES; QUIESCENT PROMINENCES; MODEL; CONFIGURATIONS; TOPOLOGY; ENERGY AB The underlying cause of all the giant manifestations of solar activity - CMEs, eruptive flares and filament ejections - is the disruption of a force balance between the upward pressure of the strongly sheared field of a filament channel and the downward tension of overlying field that is quasi-potential. A key point is that the upward pressure cannot increase rapidly, because the magnetic shear/twist is produced by the slow photospheric evolution (shear flows and/or flux emergence). Therefore, explosive events such as flares and CMEs must be due fundamentally to the catastrophic removal of the downward magnetic tension. Recent theory and simulation have focused on magnetic reconnection as the mechanism for the removal of the magnetic tension. This paper discusses critically the recent models for magnetic disruptions in the Sun's corona. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Antiochos, SK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7675, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM antiochos@nrl.navy.mil RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-815-8 J9 ESA SPEC PUBL PY 2002 VL 505 BP 219 EP 222 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BW32X UT WOS:000181586100039 ER PT B AU Andrews, MD Wu, ST AF Andrews, MD Wu, ST BE Lyu, LH TI Descriptions of coronal streamer structures during the rising phase of cycle 23 SO SPACE WEATHER STUDY USING MULTIPOINT TECHNIQUES SE COSPAR COLLOQUIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th COSPAR Colloquium on Space Weather Study Using Multipoint Techniques CY SEP 27-29, 2000 CL TAIPEI, TAIWAN SP Comm Space Res, Acad Sinica, Minist Educ, Natl Sci Council, Natl Space Program Off, Natl Cent Univ, Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Sci Comm Solar Terrestrial Phys ID EULERIAN FICE SCHEME; MASS EJECTION; MHD FLOWS; LASCO; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB Observations by the LASCO C3 telescope on SOHO have been used to illustrate the variations of coronal structures during the rising phase of Cycle 23. Most coronal streamers observed at solar minimum are seen near the equator and often exhibit a symmetric configuration. As the solar maximum approaches, the coronal streamers occur at mid to high latitude. The symmetric configuration no longer appears. We use numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models to deduce the magnetic field topology, velocity field, and plasma parameters for these observed configurations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Andrews, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys Inc, Code 7665A, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-044057-6 J9 COSPAR COLL PY 2002 VL 12 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV25Z UT WOS:000178343300002 ER PT B AU Michels, DJ AF Michels, DJ BE Lyu, LH TI The SECCHI solar plasma imager for stereo SO SPACE WEATHER STUDY USING MULTIPOINT TECHNIQUES SE COSPAR COLLOQUIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th COSPAR Colloquium on Space Weather Study Using Multipoint Techniques CY SEP 27-29, 2000 CL TAIPEI, TAIWAN SP Comm Space Res, Acad Sinica, Minist Educ, Natl Sci Council, Natl Space Program Off, Natl Cent Univ, Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Sci Comm Solar Terrestrial Phys AB The Sun-Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) consists of two identical telescope clusters, each having five telescopes. These telescope clusters will be mounted on the two spacecraft of the NASA STEREO Mission. They will be aimed so as to observe the Sun and the entire path from Sun to Earth. The two spacecraft will be in heliocentric orbit at approximately 1 AU, with one moving out ahead of the Earth in its annual path around the Sun; the other trailing behind the Earth. The spacecraft will be called STEREO-A (Ahead) and STEREO-B (Behind!) Over the course of a mission that is designed to last at least two years, each spacecraft will drift slowly away from the Sun-Earth line at a rate of about 22 degrees per year so that at the end of two years they will be able to see, for the first time, the plasma cloud of a coronal mass ejection (CME) from view angles separated by about 90 degrees. This will enable modeling of the three-dimensional structure of such a plasma cloud, direct measurement of its frontal velocity and volumetric expansion and, for CMEs heading toward Earth, detection and measurement of their earthward progress with greatly improved precision compared to previous coronagraphic experiments for which viewing has always been restricted to the Sun-Earth line of sight. C1 USN, Res Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michels, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Code 7660M, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-044057-6 J9 COSPAR COLL PY 2002 VL 12 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV25Z UT WOS:000178343300005 ER PT S AU Nicholas, AC Thonnard, SE Gilbreath, GC AF Nicholas, AC Thonnard, SE Gilbreath, GC BE Alfriend, KT Neta, B Luu, K Walker, CAH TI The Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2002, VOL 112, PTS I AND II SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 12th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 27-30, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID MODEL; MIDDLE AB The Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment (ANDE) is a mission proposed by the Naval Research Laboratory to monitor the thermospheric neutral density at an altitude of 400km. The primary mission objective is to provide total neutral density along the orbit for improved orbit determination of resident space objects. The mission also serves as a test platform for a new space to ground optical communications system. The measurements also provide a critical validation point for the upcoming Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imagers (SSULI) to be launched on each of the five Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft in block 5D3 starting in 2002. In addition ANDE provides two calibration objects for use in the Air Force High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM) initiative to help maintain and improve accuracy of the space object catalog. The mission consists of two spherical spacecraft fitted with retro-reflectors for satellite laser ranging (SLR). One spacecraft is completely passive, the other carries three active instruments; a miniature Wind And Temperature Spectrometer (WATS) to measure atmospheric composition, cross-track winds and neutral temperature; a tri-axial Miniature Electro-Static Accelerometer (MESA); and a Thermal Monitoring System (TMS) to monitor the temperature of the sphere. The active satellite will be fitted with modulating retro-reflectors (MRRs), The spacecraft telemetry will be transmitted to the ground by modulating and reflecting the SLR laser interrogation beam. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nicholas, AC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-495-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2002 VL 112 BP 387 EP 396 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mechanics GA BV43H UT WOS:000178928800025 ER PT S AU Chow, WC Schumacher, PW AF Chow, WC Schumacher, PW BE Alfriend, KT Neta, B Luu, K Walker, CAH TI Using fractional Gaussian noise models in orbit determination SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2002, VOL 112, PTS I AND II SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 12th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 27-30, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID SURVEILLANCE AB Motivated by a recent new requirement to provide accurate covariance matrices as well as orbit estimates for all cataloged space objects, this paper presents a Bayesian estimator to handle auto-correlated model and measurement noises in the orbit determination process, Techniques to model real autocorrelated noises as fractional Gaussian noise are presented, along with explicit formulae for the estimator's error covariance matrix. C1 USN, Space Command, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Chow, WC (reprint author), USN, Space Command, 5280 4th St, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-495-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2002 VL 112 BP 1101 EP 1122 PN 1&2 PG 22 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mechanics GA BV43H UT WOS:000178928800070 ER PT S AU Mansour, AN Yang, XQ Sun, X McBreen, J Croguennec, L Delmas, C AF Mansour, AN Yang, XQ Sun, X McBreen, J Croguennec, L Delmas, C BE McBreen, J Scherson, DA TI In situ XAS study of Li(1-z)Ni(1+z)O2(z <= 0.02) cathode material SO SPECTROSCOPIC TOOLS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS SE Electrochemical Society Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Spectroscopic Tools for the Analysis of Electrochemical Systems CY MAY 02-AUG 07, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Electrochem Soc ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; RAY; SPECTRA; LINIO2; OXYCOMPOUNDS; DIFFRACTION; BEHAVIOR; NICKEL; STATE; EXAFS AB In situ XAS study of Li((0.97-x))Ni1.02O2 phases show that the Ni K-edge continuously shifts to higher energies with decrease in Li-content in manner consistent with oxidation of Ni(III) to Ni(IV). The Ni K-edge energy for Ni1.02O2 is consistent with that observed for chemically prepared quadrivalent Ni in KNiIO6. Variations in coordination numbers and bond lengths are consistent with the following facts: (i) a Jahn-Teller distortion for Ni(III), (ii) absence of a Jahn-Teller distortion for Ni(IV), and (iii) electrochemical oxidation of Ni(III) to Ni(IV). C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Laurence, CROGUENNEC/E-4558-2010 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 0275-0171 BN 1-56677-237-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 99 IS 15 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BW17U UT WOS:000181080200001 ER PT J AU Elkousy, HA Sekiya, JK Harner, CD AF Elkousy, HA Sekiya, JK Harner, CD TI Broadening the indications for meniscal repair SO SPORTS MEDICINE AND ARTHROSCOPY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE meniscus; repair; indications ID CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION; AVASCULAR ZONE; ARTHROSCOPIC REPAIR; FIBRIN CLOT; TEARS; MICROVASCULATURE; INJURY; OLDER; KNEE AB The management of meniscal tears is still evolving., As recently as 20 years,ago, many meniscal tears were treated with complete excision. With the growing appreciation for meniscal function,,. management has progressed to partial meniscectomy, meniscal repair, and meniscal transplant,to preserve as much of the meniscus as possible. The decision to perform a meniscal repair depends on the patience and technical; expertise of,the surgeon and on certain, properties of the tear itself. Many, surgeons and locations in a subset of patients; however, many tears are still treated with partial excision. This article explores, the current indications for meniscal repairs and how some surgeons are broadening these indidations. C1 Fondren Orthopaed Grp, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Orthoped Surg, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Elkousy, HA (reprint author), Fondren Orthopaed Grp, 15200 Sw Freeway,Suite 290, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1062-8592 J9 SPORTS MED ARTHROSC JI Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rev. PY 2002 VL 10 IS 4 BP 270 EP 275 DI 10.1097/00132585-200210040-00006 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 624CK UT WOS:000179742600006 ER PT S AU Abed, EH Gover, RE Goldberg, AJ Wolk, SI AF Abed, EH Gover, RE Goldberg, AJ Wolk, SI BE PasikDuncan, B TI Nonlinear and stochastic stability problems in gated radar range trackers SO STOCHASTIC THEORY AND CONTROL, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN CONTROL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Stochastic Theory and Control CY OCT 18-20, 2001 CL UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KANSAS HO UNIV KANSAS ID SYSTEMS AB The stability of a model of the dynamics of a class of split-gate radar range trackers is considered, under both deterministic and stochastic target models. The emphasis is on stability as a means toward studying the dynamics of the tracker in the presence of both an actual target and a decoy target. The model employed reflects Automatic Gain Control action for noise attenuation as well as nonlinear detector laws for target resolution. The deterministic and stochastic stability of track points are studied using deterministic and stochastic Liapunov functions, arid stochastic bifurcation issues are discussed. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Adv Tech Branch, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Abed, EH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 3-540-43777-0 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2002 VL 280 BP 1 EP 17 PG 17 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BU95A UT WOS:000177472100001 ER PT S AU Zhao, XP Hoeksema, JT Rich, NB AF Zhao, XP Hoeksema, JT Rich, NB BE Gibson, S Suess, ST TI Modeling the radial variation of coronal streamer belts during sunspot ascending phase SO STRUCTURE, ENERGETICS AND DYNAMICS OF THE CORONA AND THE HELIOSPHERE DURING THE RISING PHASE OF THE 23RD SOLAR CYCLE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E2 2/D2 2 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission E held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Comm Space Res AB The coronal streamer belts and their radial variation between 2.5 and 20.0 solar radii in the ascending phase of the solar cycle can be well reproduced using the horizontal current-current sheet-source surface magnetic field model with the set of model parameters determined based on MDI and LASCO Carrington maps during 1996 minimum activity phase. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Interferometr Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhao, XP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 5 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 SI 2002 BP 411 EP 416 AR PII S0273-1177(01)00604-4 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00604-4 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BT86F UT WOS:000174269800018 ER PT S AU Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ Claassen, JH Kim, H Horwitz, JS AF Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ Claassen, JH Kim, H Horwitz, JS BE Bozovic, I Pavuna, D TI Enhanced superconductivity near the metal-insulator transition SO SUPERCONDUCTING AND RELATED OXIDES: PHYSICS AND NANOENGINEERING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Superconducting and Related Oxides - Physics and Nanoengineering V CY JUL 08-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture DE metal insulator transition; superconductivity; HTS; cuprates; oxides; disordered metals ID AMORPHOUS SI1-XAUX; THIN-FILMS; WEAK-LOCALIZATION; ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT; W-RE; TEMPERATURE; ALLOYS; SI AB It has been known for a long time that many systems, including disordered metals and metallic oxides, undergo a metal/insulator transition (MIT). We have found that the superconducting transition temperature, T-c, of such materials is enhanced in the vicinity of the MIT. We have constructed superconductivity phase diagrams (T-c vs sigma, the conductivity) for many materials whose only common feature is their proximity to the MIT and found that they are remarkably similar. These results suggest that there is a common mechanism for the enhancement of superconductivity near the MIT. Following this clue, we developed a simple, heuristic model based on scaling theory near the MIT that accounts for the observed features. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Osofsky, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6340,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4579-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4811 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1117/12.455491 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BV72T UT WOS:000179912600002 ER PT B AU Kane, MJ Matzdorf, C Green, J Beck, E AF Kane, MJ Matzdorf, C Green, J Beck, E BE Sudarshan, TS Stiglich, JJ Jeandin, M TI Evaluation of aluminum-manganese as a cadmium replacement SO Surface Modification Technologies XV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Surface Modification Technologies CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL Indianapolis, IN SP ASM Int, Inst Mat AB The Department of Defense (DoD) is reducing, and will eventually eliminate its current reliance on cadmium-based coatings for defense systems due to the environmental and health hazards posed by cadmium, a toxic metal and a human carcinogen. Compliance with environmental, safety and health regulations is becoming prohibitively expensive due to cadmium's toxicity. In addition, the potential for limited operations overseas exists due to foreign restrictions regarding cadmium containing parts. As a result, non-toxic substances must be found to replace cadmium coatings. Aluminum-manganese may provide the functional performance of cadmium without its detrimental toxic properties. This effort will demonstrate the efficacy of electroplated aluminum-manganese coatings in replacing cadmium coatings. Using a molten salt bath, aluminum-manganese can be easily and inexpensively plated onto components, including internal diameters, complex geometries, and threaded applications. The salt bath is operated at 190 degrees C and is composed of aluminum chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and a small amount of manganese chloride. The goal of this effort is the implementation of a production scale molten salt electroplating system at Naval Aviation Depot (NADEP) North Wand in San Diego, California. Aluminum-manganese coatings are targeted for use in applications in which other coating technologies have been unsuccessful in replacing cadmium. The replacement of toxic cadmium coatings with non-toxic aluminum-manganese coatings will save DoD environmental compliance costs, and will provide protection to human health and the environment. C1 NAVAIR, Res & Engn Grp, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Kane, MJ (reprint author), NAVAIR, Res & Engn Grp, 48066 Shaw Rd,Bldg 2188, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-760-8 PY 2002 BP 265 EP 273 PG 9 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BCR43 UT WOS:000230919500028 ER PT S AU Elson, JM AF Elson, JM BE Gu, ZH Maradudin, AA TI Theoretical comparison of scattering losses in planar waveguides with wall roughness and core inhomogeneity SO SURFACE SCATTERING AND DIFFRACTION FOR ADVANCED METROLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Surface Scattering and Diffraction for Advanced Metrology II CY JUL 09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington Ctr Nanotechnol, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture DE waveguide; roughness; inhomogeneity; scattering ID R-MATRIX PROPAGATOR; WAVES AB Scattering losses of guided waves that propagate in a planar waveguide are considered. Sources of scattering include random roughness at the cladding-core boundaries and random inhomogeneity of the waveguide core permittivity. A finite length segment of the waveguide channel has either random wall roughness or material inhomogeneity. The roughness is 1-D and the core inhomogeneity is 2-D and both are numerically generated to have a Gaussian autocorrelation. The length of the scattering segment (roughness or inhomogeneity) is varied from 0 to 160lambda. Maxwell's equations in 2-D are solved in the frequency domain for both TE and TM polarization using modal expansion methods. Obtaining numerical solutions is facilitated by using perfectly matched boundary layers and the R-matrix algorithm. The guided waves are excited by a Gaussian beam incident on the waveguide aperture. For various parameters, numerical results are given for waveguide power loss per unit length of the imperfect waveguide segment. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Sensor & Signal Sci Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Elson, JM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Sensor & Signal Sci Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4547-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4780 BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1117/12.453787 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV72Y UT WOS:000179913100005 ER PT S AU Nee, SMF Nee, TW AF Nee, SMF Nee, TW BE Gu, ZH Maradudin, AA TI Polarization of scattering by a rough paint surface SO SURFACE SCATTERING AND DIFFRACTION FOR ADVANCED METROLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Surface Scattering and Diffraction for Advanced Metrology II CY JUL 09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington Ctr Nanotechnol, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture DE polarization; scattering; reflection; rough surface; depolarization; ellipsometry; Mueller matrix ID NULL ELLIPSOMETRY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; DEPOLARIZATION; MATRIX; REFLECTION AB Principal Mueller matrices of scattering by a rough paint surface are measured. Null ellipsometry is used to measure the ellipsometric parameters and depolarization of scattering with small depolarization (< 0.2). Linear polarization, circular polarization, and principal Mueller matrix are obtained from the above measured quantities. Stokes method is used to measure the principal Mueller matrix for scattering with large depolarization (> 0.2), and all other polarization characteristics are derived from the principal Mueller matrix. Scattering is measured at fixed angle (2K) between the incident and detection directions, and variable sample orientation. The scattering and its polarization characteristics are symmetric with the off-specular angle (OSA). The measured linear polarization increases with increasing OSA, and may change sign for the cases of small K. The measured depolarization increases with increasing OSA more than linearly, and is larger for smaller K. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SMF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res Dept, Code 4T4100D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4547-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4780 BP 88 EP 98 DI 10.1117/12.453785 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV72Y UT WOS:000179913100011 ER PT S AU Zacharias, N AF Zacharias, N BE Tyson, JA Wolff, S TI Astrometric surveys in support of large telescopes SO SURVEY AND OTHER TELESCOPE TECHNOLOGIES AND DISCOVERIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Survey and Other Telescope Technologies and Discoveries CY AUG 27-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE astrometry; position catalogs; absolute proper motions; UCAC; ICRS; HCRS; densification of reference frame; sky surveys; guide stars ID CATALOG AB The current status and future developments of highly accurate, dense, astrometric surveys on the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS) are discussed. The U.S. Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC) project is an ongoing observational program aiming at a global sky coverage with 20 to 70 mas positional accuracy for the magnitude range between 10 to 16. This program extends the reference star density by a factor of about 30 over the Tycho-2 catalog, with about 10 times higher positional accuracy than the GSC I. The second UCAC release (end of 2002) gives positions and proper motions for stars between -90 and about +40 degrees declination. The first release and unpublished updates have been supporting the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, 2MASS, the minor planet community, SOAR and others. The next step, a 1-meter class, dedicated, robotic, wide-field, astrometric instrument is already designed (10k by 10k single CCD) and a global sky catalog to 20th magnitude could be observed in only 2 years with positions accurate to 10 mas in the magnitude range between 15 to 18. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Zacharias, N (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4615-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4836 BP 279 EP 289 DI 10.1117/12.472482 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV95H UT WOS:000180513800032 ER PT B AU Bishop, CH Reynolds, CA AF Bishop, CH Reynolds, CA GP AMS AMS TI Effective routine observational networks in a T21L3 QG model SO SYMPOSIUM ON OBSERVATIONS, DATA ASSIMILATION, AND PROBABILISTIC PREDICTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Observations, Data Assimilation, and Probabilistic Prediction CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bishop, CH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 47 EP 51 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BV53Y UT WOS:000179290100014 ER PT B AU Chu, PC Ivanov, LM AF Chu, PC Ivanov, LM GP AMS AMS TI Linear and nonlinear perspectives of forecast error estimate using the first passage time SO SYMPOSIUM ON OBSERVATIONS, DATA ASSIMILATION, AND PROBABILISTIC PREDICTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Observations, Data Assimilation, and Probabilistic Prediction CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID PREDICTION; MODEL; GROWTH C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ivanov, LM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BV53Y UT WOS:000179290100034 ER PT J AU Zhang, MX Eaton, PE Steele, I Gilardi, R AF Zhang, MX Eaton, PE Steele, I Gilardi, R TI Nitroacetylene: HC CNO2 SO SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART LA English DT Article DE nitroacetylene; alkynes; Diels-Alder reactions; vinyl nitrile oxide; isoxazoles; heterocylcles ID 1-NITRO-2-(TRIALKYLSILYL)ACETYLENES; OXIDE; BOND AB Nitroacetylene (1) was prepared by the reaction of NO2PF6 with trimethylsilylacetylene. It is stable at room temperature in dilute solution for about a week. The H-1 and C-13 NMR spectra of nitroacetylene reveal strong H-1-N-14 and C-13-N-14 spin couplings. Nitroacetylene reacts rapidly with nucleophiles. It gives a 1,4-Diels-Aider adduct with cyclopentadiene. However, its reactions with furan and vinyl ethers produce nitrovinylisoxazoles by a mechanism thought to involve the 1,4-addition of nitroacetylene to the vinyl ether to give a highly strained unsaturated nitrone, followed by fragmentation of the nitrone to vinyl nitrile oxide, then additions of this 1,3-dipolarophile. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eaton, PE (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0039-7881 J9 SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART JI Synthesis PY 2002 IS 14 SI SI BP 2013 EP 2018 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 603JK UT WOS:000178555700011 ER PT S AU Walker, P Blomshield, F AF Walker, P Blomshield, F BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Optical characteristics of desert dust SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS VIII: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds VIII CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE atmosphere; dust; extinction; infrared AB We have been conducting research aimed at enabling prediction of desert optical environments from meteorological and satellite observations. To this end we have been collecting aerosol size distributions, visibility and meteorological data continuously for the past year at 2 sites in the Mojave Desert of California. Optical properties of dust are calculated from these data for a great variety of meteorological conditions. The concentration of dust particles is strongly dependent on wind speed for speeds greater than a threshold (7 m/s at Edwards and 15 m/s at China Lake). For individual wind episodes there is a clear relationship between wind speed and dust mass. However, that relationship changes from event to event leading to noisy summary plots; thus, indicating that other factors, such as dust sources, also influence dust loading. The HYPACT program is used to map out the sources, concentration and flow of dust. HYPACT is a pollution transport program that uses RAMS meteorological code output for input. HYPACT can calculate concentration forward in time from an assumed emission source or backward in time from an observation site. This facilitates the location of dust sources and the calculation of dust concentrations along air streams. Once dust concentrations are known and assuming the particle size distributions are the same as at the measurement sites knowledge of IR extinction is no longer confined to just the measurement sites. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Walker, P (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4468-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4718 BP 257 EP 268 DI 10.1117/12.478812 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV28U UT WOS:000178459800025 ER PT J AU Eaton, PE Tang, DT Gilardi, R AF Eaton, PE Tang, DT Gilardi, R TI Lewis acid-induced rearrangement of the Diels-Alder dimer of tetrachlorocyclopentadienone: structure reassignments SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tetrachloro- and tetrabromocyclopentadienone dimers; Lewis acid-induced and photochemical rearrangements; tricyclo-[5.3.0.0(2,6)]- and tricyclo[4.2.1.1(2,5)]decanes AB The structures of various perhalodiones available by isomerization of the Diels-Alder dimers of tetrachloro- and tetrabromocyclopentadienone have finally been determined unambiguously. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eaton, PE (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 43 IS 1 BP 3 EP 5 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)02085-8 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 503YC UT WOS:000172828400002 ER PT S AU Wright, SI Bingert, J Mason, TA Larsen, RJ AF Wright, SI Bingert, J Mason, TA Larsen, RJ BE Lee, DN TI Advanced characterization of twins using automated electron backscatter diffraction SO TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY AUG 26-30, 2002 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Inst Met & Mat, Seoul Natl Univ, BK21 Div Mat Educ & Res, Seoul Natl Univ, Texture Control Lab, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, POSCO, Dongbu Steel Co Ltd DE deformation twinning; electron backscatter diffraction EBSD; Orientation Imaging Microscopy OIM ID BOUNDARY AB This paper describes results obtained using an automated, crystal lographically-based technique for twin identification. The technique is based on the automated collection of spatially specific orientation measurements by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The key features of the analysis are identification of potential twin boundaries by their misorientation character, identification of the distinct boundary planes among the symmetrically equivalent candidates, and validation of these boundaries through comparison with the boundary and twin plane traces in the sample cross section. Results on the application of this technique to deformation twins in zirconium are analyzed for the effect of twin type and amount and sense of uniaxial deformation. The accumulation of strain tends to increase the misorientation deviation at least to the degree of the trace deviation compared with recrystallization twins in nickel. In addition to the results on characterizing the twin character, results on extending the twin analysis to automated identification of parent and daughter material for structures exhibiting twin deformation are reported as well. C1 EDX TSL, Draper, UT 84020 USA. USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Wright, SI (reprint author), EDX TSL, 392 E 12300 S, Draper, UT 84020 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-903-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 408-4 BP 511 EP 516 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BV22J UT WOS:000178202200076 ER PT B AU Chiu, CS Ramp, SR Lynch, JF AF Chiu, CS Ramp, SR Lynch, JF BE Shang, EC Li, Q Gao, TF TI The ASIAEX 2000 preliminary experiment in the East China Sea (ECS) SO THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Theoretical and Computational Acoustics CY MAY 21-25, 2001 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP USN Undersea Warfare Ctr, US Off Naval Res, Inst Acoust, Chinese Acad Sci, USN Res Lab, NATO SACLANT Undersea Res Ctr, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Osservat Geofis Speriment Trieste, Univ Cambridge, Yale Univ, Harvard Univ, Columbia Univ, Natl Taiwan Univ, Univ Petrol Beijing, Bureau Int Cooperat, CAS, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Acoust Soc China, Environm Technol Lab, NOAA C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Chiu, CS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-012-4 PY 2002 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1142/9789812777362_0007 PG 7 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BCN69 UT WOS:000230305400007 ER PT S AU Esser, R Christou, A AF Esser, R Christou, A BE Ozkan, CS Freund, LB Cammarata, BC Gao, H TI Gold/niobium thin film metallizations for GaAs devices and circuits SO THIN FILMS: STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin Films - Stresses and Mechanical Properties IX held at the 2001 Fall MRS Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB A refractory metallization of Au/Nb is proposed for use in first level metallization of GaAs devices. The diffusion and reaction kinetics are explored using sheet resistance measurements, along with X-ray diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiling. The interdiffusion coefficients are reported. Diodes are fabricated using Nb/Au metallization and characterized. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Esser, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-631-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 695 BP 297 EP 302 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU86V UT WOS:000177250600047 ER PT B AU Irvine, C Levin, T Spyropoulou, E Allen, B AF Irvine, C Levin, T Spyropoulou, E Allen, B GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Security as a dimension of quality of service in active service environments SO THIRD ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ACTIVE MIDDLEWARE SERVICES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual International Workshop on Active Middleware Services CY AUG 06, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Univ SO Calif, Univ Arizona C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr INFOSEC Studies & Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Irvine, C (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr INFOSEC Studies & Res, Monterey, CA USA. EM irvine@cs.nps.navy.mil; levin@cs.nps.navy.mil; eviespy@cs.nps.navy.mil; hallen@cs.nps.navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1528-2 PY 2002 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1109/AMS.2001.993724 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BU30E UT WOS:000175609700010 ER PT B AU Hacker, SD Smith, DR AF Hacker, SD Smith, DR GP AMS AMS TI A comparison of the Stedman's heat index and the WBGT index SO THIRD SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS: FACILITATING THE USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Environmental Applications CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN Acad, Oceanog Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USN Acad, Oceanog Dept, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 127 EP 130 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV55D UT WOS:000179335500024 ER PT S AU Coleman, JO Scholnik, DP Brandriss, JJ AF Coleman, JO Scholnik, DP Brandriss, JJ BE Matthews, MB TI A specification language for the optimal design of exotic FIR filters with second-order cone programs SO THIRTY-SIXTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1 AND 2, CONFERENCE RECORD SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2002 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA AB Application-tailored individual and joint FIR-filter designs of remarkable complexity are elegantly coded using our MATLAB toolbox Opt a research tool providing a DSP-oriented modeling language for driving ultra-efficient off-the-shelf numerical solvers of (linear and) second-order cone programs. Opt data types symbolically capture affine or (nonnegative definite) quadratic dependencies on optimization variables, which gain numeric values only later, when optimized. On those basic types it builds affine vector and complex-time-sequence types for specifying impulse-response structures in 1D or multi-D, with sample spacing either uniform or not. Dependencies can be manipulated symbolically with arithmetic and DSP operations including convolution, filter match, and Fourier transform. Linear and MS errors infrequency and time domains can be constructed, constrained, and optimized. MSE constructions include output powers of filter systems driven by symbolic random-process drive signals having user-specified PSDs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Signal Proc Theory & Methods Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coleman, JO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Signal Proc Theory & Methods Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7576-9 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2002 BP 341 EP 345 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW60M UT WOS:000182548900064 ER PT S AU Thompson, C Gomes, B Williams, N DeFerrari, H Nguyen, H Corregan, K AF Thompson, C Gomes, B Williams, N DeFerrari, H Nguyen, H Corregan, K BE Matthews, MB TI Comparison of surface radar traffic density contact records to receive levels from separate acoustic data sets SO THIRTY-SIXTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1 AND 2, CONFERENCE RECORD SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2002 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA AB The Office of Naval Research is planning an underwater system of acoustic and environmental sensors, termed the Acoustic Observatory, at a site located off of Dania, Florida. It will enable researchers to make acoustic measurements and evaluate signal processing techniques in an ocean environment with downward refracting propagation, low loss bottom, and high levels of vessel traffic noise. As part of the site selection and evaluation process, vessel traffic was recorded using a state-of-the-art logging radar for a period of one week concurrent with recording of omnidirectional noise on hydrophones at two locations in water depths of 145 and 262 meters. Data were processed to provide a characterization of noise and traffic statistics and patterns relative to the Acoustic Observatory site. Differences in noise between the two sites, and correlations between vessel traffic and noise are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thompson, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7576-9 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2002 BP 411 EP 414 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW60M UT WOS:000182548900077 ER PT S AU Owsley, NL AF Owsley, NL BE Matthews, MB TI Site-specific passive sonar performance prediction SO THIRTY-SIXTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1 AND 2, CONFERENCE RECORD SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2002 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA AB A measurement-based plan and methodology are discussed for predicting a passive sonar performance ''dB-budget'' at a specific candidate site for which only single omni directional hydrophone data is available. Analysis of 24/7 calibrated hydrophone data supports detailed performance forecasting for a costly, large scale Acoustic Observatory. The candidate site selected for consideration is in a bottom-limited littoral contiguous to a commercial port with a very high level of surface ship traffic. The acoustic data allows the statistical characterization of horizontal coherence distance, acoustic ambient noise floor and peak absolute acoustic sound pressure for so-called High Level Events (HLEs) due to the passage of surface ships. Histogram analysis of the absolute level of HLEs is used in conjunction with conventional (time delay-and-sum) beamforming (CBF) sidelobe levels to predict optimum-adaptive beamforming (ABF) Array Gain Improvement (AGI). For the specific site considered, time intervals of AGI for ABF relative to CBF greater than 20 dB are predicted. C1 Off Naval Res, Mandex Corp, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Owsley, NL (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Mandex Corp, 4001 N 9th Str,Suite 106, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7576-9 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2002 BP 415 EP 420 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW60M UT WOS:000182548900078 ER PT S AU Gabriel, JR Kay, SM AF Gabriel, JR Kay, SM BE Matthews, MB TI Use of Wijsman's theorem for the ratio of maximal invariant densities in signal detection applications SO THIRTY-SIXTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1 AND 2, CONFERENCE RECORD SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2002 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA AB We apply Wijsman's theorem for the ratio of densities of the maximal invariant to signal detection applications. The method does not require the explicit use of a maximal invariant statistic or its density to derive the uniformly most powerful invariant (UMPI) test. We describe its use for common classes of detection problems and illustrate its use in examples. The analytic form of the representation provides new insight into the relationship between the UMPI and generalized likelihood ratio tests. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Gabriel, JR (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7576-9 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2002 BP 756 EP 762 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW60M UT WOS:000182548900142 ER PT S AU Kan, HE Hippenstiel, RD Fargues, MP AF Kan, HE Hippenstiel, RD Fargues, MP BE Matthews, MB TI Bootstrap-based signal denoising SO THIRTY-SIXTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1 AND 2, CONFERENCE RECORD SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2002 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA AB We present frequency domain bootstrap-based signal denoising schemes applicable to real-valued non-Gaussian signals embedded in additive white Gaussian noise. The two proposed schemes separate the noisy signal into frequency bands using Fourier or Wavelet transforms. Each frequency band is tested for Gaussianity by evaluating its kurtosis. The bootstrap method is applied to increase the reliability of the kurtosis estimate. Noise effects are minimized using thresholding schemes on the frequency bands that are estimated to be Gaussian. The estimate of the signal is obtained by applying the appropriate inverse transform to the modified data. The denoising schemes are tested using a stationary and non-stationary signal type. Results show that FFT-based denoising schemes perform better than WT-based denoising schemes on the stationary sinusoidal signal, whereas WT-based schemes outperform FFT-based schemes on chirp signal. Results also show that hard thresholding does outperforms soft thresholding. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, ECE Dept, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Kan, HE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, ECE Dept, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7576-9 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2002 BP 958 EP 962 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW60M UT WOS:000182548900179 ER PT S AU Scheper, RA AF Scheper, RA BE Matthews, MB TI Error bounds for estimating bandpassed FM signals SO THIRTY-SIXTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1 AND 2, CONFERENCE RECORD SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2002 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA ID RAO LOWER BOUNDS AB Presented here are general limits on bandpass filter performance as a denoising step for parameter estimation: Monocomponent analytic FM signals in white Gaussian noise are assumed. Analytic and numerical evidence is presented to support the argument that the Gaussian filter can be used as a canonical bandpass filter for the purpose of such an analysis: Simple, approximate Cramer-Rao bound formulas for amplitude. phase and IF estimates are presented for limiting cases. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scheper, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5720, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7576-9 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2002 BP 1000 EP 1004 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW60M UT WOS:000182548900187 ER PT S AU Ives, RW Etter, DM Welch, TB AF Ives, RW Etter, DM Welch, TB BE Matthews, MB TI Bit-plane compression of high dynamic range SAR imagery SO THIRTY-SIXTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1 AND 2, CONFERENCE RECORD SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2002 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA AB This paper describes a technique to compress 16-bit/pixel magnitude or 32-bit/pixel complex synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery without loss. Here, the image is divided into its 16 or 32 individual bit planes and each, bit plane is separately subjected to a raster scan to record the run-lengths of zeros and ones. The run-lengths are then coded using the CCITT Group 3 facsimile standard (a modified Huffman code). Performance is measured by comparing this technique to other lossless image compression techniques, such as JPEG-LS and JPEG-2000. C1 USN Acad, ECE Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ives, RW (reprint author), USN Acad, ECE Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7576-9 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2002 BP 1397 EP 1401 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW60M UT WOS:000182548900261 ER PT S AU Fouts, DJ Pace, PE Karow, C Ekestorm, SRT AF Fouts, DJ Pace, PE Karow, C Ekestorm, SRT BE Matthews, MB TI A digital ASIC for synthesizing false target radar images SO THIRTY-SIXTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1 AND 2, CONFERENCE RECORD SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2002 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA ID ISAR AB Modern, wideband, inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) is capable of generating images of targets, rendering traditional false target decoy methods obsolete. This paper describes an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) capable of generating false target decoy images for countering imaging ISARs. The application and operation of the ASIC in an electronic attack system is also discussed. The fully programmable chip is capable of generating images of both small and large targets, even up to the size of an aircraft carrier. This is the first reported use of all digital technology to generate false target radar images of large targets. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fouts, DJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7576-9 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2002 BP 1411 EP 1415 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW60M UT WOS:000182548900264 ER PT S AU Therrien, CW AF Therrien, CW BE Matthews, MB TI Some considerations for statistical characterization of nonstationary random processes SO THIRTY-SIXTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1 AND 2, CONFERENCE RECORD SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2002 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA ID WOLD DECOMPOSITION AB In this paper, we cite the use of the time-dependent correlation function for nonstationary discrete-time random processes, its 2-D spectral representation, and the relation to other common time-frequency descriptions of nonstationary random processes. We show a simple distinction between a periodic process and a cyclostationary process in terms of the correlation and 2-D spectral density function. We further use the time-dependent correlation functions to easily prove properties about linear prediction for general nonstationary periodic processes and cyclostationary processes. Finally we cite the problems inherent in developing general white noise-driven causal linear models (innovations representations) and conjecture about necessary conditions on the 2-D spectral density for their realization. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Therrien, CW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7576-9 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2002 BP 1554 EP 1558 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW60M UT WOS:000182548900291 ER PT S AU Kirsteins, IP AF Kirsteins, IP BE Matthews, MB TI Blind separation of signal and reverberation by minimizing the circular variance of the phase SO THIRTY-SIXTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1 AND 2, CONFERENCE RECORD SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2002 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA AB A new canonical correlation-like algorithm is developed for blindly separating signal and interfering reverberation components using a small vertical array in a synthetic aperture sonar application when no signal free interference data is available for training. The new approach exploits differences in the ping-to-ping coherence properties of the signal and reverberation and is based on estimating the filter weights through minimization of the output ping-to-ping phase circular variance. As a result, the performance is close to the Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) and is competitive with parametric high resolution bearing estimation and in addition does not need a precisely calibrated array. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 8212,1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7576-9 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2002 BP 1664 EP 1668 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW60M UT WOS:000182548900311 ER PT S AU Sarma, A Tufts, DW AF Sarma, A Tufts, DW BE Matthews, MB TI Nonparametric tolerance intervals for effective bootstrap estimation SO THIRTY-SIXTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1 AND 2, CONFERENCE RECORD SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2002 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA DE distribution-free method; Monte Carlo approximation; quantile and parameter estimation AB A method that allows accurate control of the coverage error in Monte Carlo-approximation of quintiles of the bootstrap distribution is discussed. The method is based on Nonparametric Tolerance Intervals and hence is applicable regardless of the underlying distribution. The results are useful for quantile estimation as well as for construction of robust confidence intervals and interval estimates. The minimum number of bootstrap replicates needed to estimate quantiles to a prescribed conditional coverage accuracy is determined. The results allow the user to perform bootstrap inference without being subject to intolerable fluctuations from Monte Carlo error. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Sarma, A (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 8212, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7576-9 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2002 BP 1757 EP 1761 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW60M UT WOS:000182548900328 ER PT S AU Therrien, CW Hawes, AH AF Therrien, CW Hawes, AH BE Matthews, MB TI Least squares optimal filtering with multirate observations SO THIRTY-SIXTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1 AND 2, CONFERENCE RECORD SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2002 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA AB This paper addresses the problem of optimal filtering from a least squares perspective when multiple observation sequences are available with differing sampling rates. In such cases the processes are jointly cyclostationary and the resulting linear optimal filters are periodically time-varying. The data matrices for this problem have interesting structure and we develop the form of the resulting least squares multirate Wiener-Hopf equations. Filtering results are illustrated for atypical example and issues of computation and amount of training data needed are investigated. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Therrien, CW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code EC-Ti, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7576-9 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2002 BP 1782 EP 1786 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW60M UT WOS:000182548900333 ER PT J AU Tang, TF Lin, YS Robbins, FM Li, L Sintasath, D Coquillard, G Huang, A Heine, U Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK AF Tang, TF Lin, YS Robbins, FM Li, L Sintasath, D Coquillard, G Huang, A Heine, U Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK TI Description of fourteen new DRB alleles found in a stem cell donor registry SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE DNA sequencing; HLA-DRB1; HLA-DRB3; HLA-DRB5; polymorphism AB Fourteen DRB alleles, DRB1*0705, DRB1*11014, DRB1*1134, DRB1*1136, DRB1*1141, DRB1*1335, DRB1*1337, DRBl*1338, DRB1*1342, DRB1*1343, DRB1*1349, DRB1*1510, DRB3*0105, and DRB5*0103, are described. Among them, eleven are variants which differ by only one nucleotide from previously described alleles, including one silent variant (DRB1*11014). Alleles, DRB1*0705, DRB1*1335 and DRB3*0105, display unique sequence motifs that have never been observed in DRB alleles. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Lab Corp Amer, Burlington, NC USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Kensington, MD USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Pediat, E404 Res Bldg,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD JAN PY 2002 VL 59 IS 1 BP 63 EP 65 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2002.590115.x PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 545UJ UT WOS:000175235700015 PM 11972885 ER PT B AU Pershing, DE Nguyen, KT Calame, JP Danly, BG Levush, B AF Pershing, DE Nguyen, KT Calame, JP Danly, BG Levush, B GP IEEE IEEE TI Implementation of a TE11 K-a band gyro-TWT amplifier with distributed loss SO TWENTY SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves CY SEP 22-26, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Gen Atom, PSFC, IEEE AB Current amplifier research at the NRL Vacuum Electronics Branch emphasizes techniques to extend the bandwidth and average power capability of gyro-devices for millimeter wave radar applications. This paper will discuss the implementation of a wideband, high average power compatible, TE11 mode gyro-TWT amplifier design, with a peak output power of 90 kW and a 3 dB bandwidth of 6 GHz in K-a band, using a specific distributed loss approach. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pershing, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7423-1 PY 2002 BP 199 EP 200 DI 10.1109/ICIMW.2002.1076153 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV57T UT WOS:000179397900100 ER PT B AU Danly, BG Cheung, J Gregers-Hansen, V Linde, G Ngo, M AF Danly, BG Cheung, J Gregers-Hansen, V Linde, G Ngo, M GP IEEE IEEE TI WARLOC: A high-power millimeter-wave radar SO TWENTY SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves CY SEP 22-26, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Gen Atom, PSFC, IEEE AB A high-power, coherent, W-band (94 GHz) millimeter-wave radar has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. The radar employs a 100 kW peak power, 10 kW average power gyroklystron as the final power amplifier, an overmoded transmission line system, and a quasi-optical duplexer, together with a 6 foot Cassegrain antenna, a four-channel receiver, and state-of-the-art signal processing. Developed as a research radar for the investigation of tactical Navy radar applications in the millimeter wave band, additional radar measurement studies include cloud physics, propagation, and forward and backscatter studies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Danly, BG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7423-1 PY 2002 BP 233 EP 234 DI 10.1109/ICIMW.2002.1076170 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV57T UT WOS:000179397900117 ER PT B AU Tyo, JS AF Tyo, JS BE Smith, PD Cloude, SR TI Optimization of the feed impedance for an arbitrary crossed-feed-arm impulse radiating antenna SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2000 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tyo, JS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47338-0 PY 2002 BP 363 EP 370 DI 10.1007/0-306-47948-6_42 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BV68P UT WOS:000179770000042 ER PT B AU McNelley, TR Swisher, DL Horita, Z Langdon, TG AF McNelley, TR Swisher, DL Horita, Z Langdon, TG BE Zhu, YT Langdon, TG Mishra, RS Semiatin, SL Saran, MJ Lowe, TC TI Influence of processing route on microstructure and grain boundary development during equal-channel angular pressing of pure aluminum SO ULTRAFINE GRAINED MATERIALS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Ultrafine Grained Materials CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Process & Mfg Div, Shaping & Forming Comm, Minerals Met & Mat, Struct Mat Div, Mech Behav Comm DE equal-channel angular pressing; grain boundaries; microtexture; homogeneity ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; REFINEMENT; SUPERPLASTICITY; EXTRUSION; ALLOYS; ANGLE AB High-purity (99.99%) aluminum that had been subjected to equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) was analyzed by orientation imaging microscopy (OIM). The analysis of microtexture and microstructure by OIM will be reviewed. The ECAP pressing was conducted at room temperature with a die that had a 90degrees angle between the die channels and repetitive pressings followed either route A, BC or C. Billets were examined after one pass and after four or twelve passes by each of the ECAP routes. After one pressing operation, the deformation-induced microstructure was inhomogeneous at the resolution of OIM and consisted mostly of subgrains. Following four pressings by each of the routes, the microstructures were homogeneous and exhibited similar (sub)grain sizes (similar to1.3mum). Elongation and alignment of the (sub)grains with the shearing direction of the last pressing operation was observed in all cases. The corresponding disorientation distributions showed significant increases in the fractions of high-angle boundaries (theta>15degrees) although processing route had little apparent effect on the observed distributions. However, distinct differences were noted in the microtexture data. After 12 pressing operations by any of the different routes the grain size was reduced further to about 1.0mum. The fraction of high-angle boundaries also increased slightly but, again, processing route had little effect on the disorientation distribution. Different textures were apparent for each processing route, although texture data for all routes indicated that a <111> tended to align with the shear plane of the final pressing pass. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-523-9 PY 2002 BP 15 EP 24 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU41E UT WOS:000175933900002 ER PT S AU Lopez, NE Franks, RT AF Lopez, NE Franks, RT BE Carapezza, EM TI Unattended ground sensors: Another cued intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance asset of the submarine SO UNATTENDED GROUND SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications IV CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The Submarine . . . The Road Ahead document establishes the desired capabilities of the submarine in extending its reach and becoming a fully netted node within network-centric operations. As a network node, the submarine can receive, process, and share mission-critical distributed sensor data. Additionally, submarines can act as platforms for the deployment of submarine tactical unmanned aerial vehicles (STUAVs). STUAVs extend the capability to communicate critical data and deploy off-board sensor systems. Acting as a "system administrator" of unattended ground sensors (UGS), the submarine extends its support to special operating forces (SOF) and clandestine intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) in access-denied areas. The submarine's stealthy long on-station presence provides for a non-provocative observation of adversary actions on land using unattended ground sensor systems which detect, monitor, and communicate targets of interest. The intent of this paper is to review the needed capability to maximize UGS capability while minimizing volume. UGS system deployment from a STUAV must be packaged in such a manner that the UGS system 1) will be a feasible payload of the STUAV, 2) will be deployed as part of a network grid, 3) will be embedded in the ground, 4) will support the needed duration, and 5) will be camouflaged for low probability of detection (LPD) and low probability of interception (LPI). Once deployed, UGS capabilities to detect, monitor, and relay information will provide another cued asset for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance and targeting (ISRT). C1 USN, Underea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Lopez, NE (reprint author), USN, Underea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4493-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4743 BP 298 EP 306 DI 10.1117/12.444420 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BV34J UT WOS:000178618500034 ER PT J AU Tarman, GJ Kaplan, GW Lerman, SL McAleer, IM Losasso, BE AF Tarman, GJ Kaplan, GW Lerman, SL McAleer, IM Losasso, BE TI Lower genitourinary injury and pelvic fractures in pediatric patients SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRAUMA; MANAGEMENT; CHILDREN AB Objectives. To report the largest series of pelvic fracture and lower genitourinary tract injury in the pediatric population to further define its incidence. The association between pelvic fractures and lower genitourinary tract injury has been well recognized in the adult population. The incidence of bladder or urethral injury is approximately 10% to 15%. Previous limited pediatric reviews placed its incidence at slightly lower levels. Methods. A retrospective review of 8021 trauma patients presenting between July 1992 and March 1999 to a pediatric trauma center included 212 consecutive patients with pelvic fractures. These records were reviewed to determine the incidence of genitourinary injury in children with pelvic fractures. Thirty-six patients were identified with a genitourinary injury, and their records were analyzed. Results. Thirty-six patients (17%) were identified to have sustained a genitourinary injury out of the study cohort of 212 patients with pelvic fractures when patients with isolated hematuria were included. Hematuria was noted in 30 patients (14.2%). Fourteen (6.6%) had gross hematuria. Only 2 (0.9%) of the 212 patients had a significant lower urinary tract injury (one extraperitoneal bladder rupture and one posterior urethral disruption); both had gross hematuria. Genital injuries were seen in 4 other patients (1.9%). Lower genitourinary injury occurred in a total of 6 (2.8%) of the 212 patients with pelvic fractures. Conclusions. The incidence of significant lower genitourinary injury in pediatric patients with pelvic fractures is lower than that reported in previous adult and pediatric reviews. Significant lower genitourinary injuries were not found in stable patients without gross hematuria or multiple associated injuries and with a normal genitourinary examination. Urology 59: 123-126, 2002. (C) 2002, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, Dept Trauma, San Diego, CA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Tarman, GJ (reprint author), Naval Hosp Pensacola, Dept Urol, 6000 W Highway 98, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD JAN PY 2002 VL 59 IS 1 BP 123 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(01)01526-6 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 513DP UT WOS:000173362900027 PM 11796295 ER PT S AU Schuler, JM Howard, JG Warren, PR Scribner, DA AF Schuler, JM Howard, JG Warren, PR Scribner, DA BE Kuo, CCJ TI Robust tie-point registration of disparate imaging sensors by matching optical flow SO VISUAL COMMUNICATIONS AND IMAGE PROCESSING 2002, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2002 CY JAN 21-23, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE AB Many imaging systems consist of a combination of distinct electro-optic sensors that are constrained to view the same scene through a common aperture or from a common platform. Oftentimes, a spatial registration of one sensor's image is required to conform to the slightly disparate imaging geometry of a different sensor on the same platform. This is generally achieved through a judicious selection of image tie-points and geometric transformation model. This paper outlines a procedure to improve any such registration technique by leveraging the temporal motion within a pair of video sequences and requiring an additional constraint of minimizing the disparity in optical flow between registered video sequences,. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuler, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4411-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4671 BP 775 EP 783 DI 10.1117/12.453121 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU29R UT WOS:000175587400077 ER PT S AU Schuler, JM Howard, JG Warren, PR Scribner, DA AF Schuler, JM Howard, JG Warren, PR Scribner, DA BE Kuo, CCJ TI Resolution enhancement through TARID processing SO VISUAL COMMUNICATIONS AND IMAGE PROCESSING 2002, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2002 CY JAN 21-23, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID OPTICAL-FLOW; VIDEO SEQUENCES AB This paper outlines a generalized image reconstruction approach to improve the resolution of an Electro-Optic (EO) imaging sensor using multiple frames of an image sequence. This method only assumes the constituent video has some ambient motion between the sensor and stationary background, and the optical image is physically captured by a staring focal plane array. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuler, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5636,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4411-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4671 BP 872 EP 876 DI 10.1117/12.453131 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU29R UT WOS:000175587400086 ER PT S AU Schuler, JM Howard, JG Warren, PR Scribner, DA AF Schuler, JM Howard, JG Warren, PR Scribner, DA BE Kuo, CCJ TI Scene adaptive non-uniformity correction using TARID-Composite image prediction SO VISUAL COMMUNICATIONS AND IMAGE PROCESSING 2002, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2002 CY JAN 21-23, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuler, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5636,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4411-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4671 BP 888 EP 894 DI 10.1117/12.453133 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU29R UT WOS:000175587400088 ER PT S AU Swan, JE Arango, J Nakshatrala, BK AF Swan, JE Arango, J Nakshatrala, BK BE Erbacher, RF Chen, PC Grohn, M Roberts, JC Wittenbrink, CM TI Interactive, distributed, hardware-accelerated LOD-Sprite terrain rendering with stable frame rates SO VISUALIZATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 2002 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis 2002 CY JAN 21-22, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE distributed rendering; stable frame rate; terrain rendering; image-based modeling and rendering; multi-resolution; level of detail AB A stable frame rate is important for interactive rendering systems. Image-based modeling and rendering (IBMR) techniques, which model parts of the scene with image sprites, are a promising technique for interactive systems because they allow the sprite to be manipulated instead of the underlying scene geometry. However, with IBMR techniques a frequent problem is an unstable frame rate, because generating an image sprite (with 3D rendering) is time-consuming relative to manipulating the sprite (with 2D image resampling). This paper describes one solution to this problem, by distributing an IBMR technique into a collection of cooperating threads and executable programs across two computers. The particular IBMR technique distributed here is the LOD-Sprite algorithm. This technique uses a multiple level-of-detail (LOD) scene representation. It first renders a keyframe from a high-LOD representation, and then caches the frame as an image sprite. It renders subsequent spriteframes by texture-mapping the cached image sprite into a lower-LOD representation. We describe a distributed architecture and implementation of LOD-Sprite, in the context of terrain rendering, which takes advantage of graphics hardware. We present timing results which indicate we have achieved a stable frame rate. In addition to LOD-Sprite, our distribution method holds promise for other IBMR techniques. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swan, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5580,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4405-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4665 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1117/12.458785 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BU70A UT WOS:000176709300019 ER PT S AU Scheper, RA AF Scheper, RA BE Szu, HH Buss, JR TI Asymptotic Cramer-Rao bounds for morlet wavelet filter bank transforms of FM signals SO WAVELET AND INDEPENDENT COMPONENET ANALYSIS APPLICATIONS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wavelet and Independent Component Analysis Applications IX CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Cramer-Rao Bounds; Morlet wavelets; filter banks; frequency estimation; asymptotic analysis AB Wavelet filter banks are potentially useful tools for analyzing and extracting information from frequency modulated (FM) signals in noise. Chief among the advantages of such filter banks is the tendency of wavelet transforms to concentrate signal energy while simultaneously dispersing noise energy over the time-frequency plan(,,, thus raising the effective signal to noise ratio of filtered signals. Over the past decade, much effort has gone into devising now algorithms to extract the relevant information from transformed signals while identifying and discarding the transformed noise. Therefore, estimates of the ultimate performance bounds on such algorithms would serve as valuable. benchmarks in the process of choosing optimal algorithms for given signal classes. Discussed here is the specific case of FM signals analyzed by Morlet wavelet filter banks. By making use of the stationary phase approximation of the Morlet transform, and assuming that the measured signals are well resolved digitally, the asymptotic form of the Fisher Information Matrix is derived. From this, Cramer-Rao bounds are analytically derived for simple cases. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scheper, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5720, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4488-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4738 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.458734 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BU74U UT WOS:000176889900011 ER PT S AU Root, BT AF Root, BT BE Szu, HH Buss, JR TI Joint time-frequency analysis of over-the-horizon radar data SO WAVELET AND INDEPENDENT COMPONENET ANALYSIS APPLICATIONS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wavelet and Independent Component Analysis Applications IX CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE time-frequency transform; over-the-horizon radar; target detection; clutter extraction ID CLUTTER CANCELLATION; SHIP DETECTION AB This paper examines the application of joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA) to the detection of weak targets that are close to the powerful ocean clutter in signals received by over-the-horizon radar (OTHR). Issues of interest are the detection of targets near time-varying clutter and the use of JTFA to model the clutter for the purpose of excision. Comparisons are made between the spectrogram and the particular JTFA algorithm applied here, namely, the Smoothed Pseudo Wigner-Ville Distribution (SPWVD). Results are shown for real and synthetic signals. The SPWVD of the real signal has been successfully modeled by a synthetic signal, which increases our understanding of the behavior of this transform when applied to OTHR clutter data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Root, BT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4488-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4738 BP 217 EP 229 DI 10.1117/12.458735 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BU74U UT WOS:000176889900023 ER PT S AU Chen, VC AF Chen, VC BE Szu, HH Buss, JR TI Applications of rotational time-frequency transforms to radar Imaging of moving targets SO WAVELET AND INDEPENDENT COMPONENET ANALYSIS APPLICATIONS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wavelet and Independent Component Analysis Applications IX CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE time-frequency transform; Radon transform; Fractional Fourier transform; radar; imaging; moving targets ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM; DISTRIBUTIONS AB In many applications, signals usually consist of multiple linear frequency modulated signal components. To analyze these signals in the joint time-frequency domain, rotational time-frequency transforms are very useful. In this paper, we introduce the basic concept of rotational time-frequency transforms, discuss some proper-ties of the fractional Fourier transform, describe a bilinear generalized-marginal time-frequency transform, and present the Radon transform for line feature detection and estimation. Finally, we apply the rotational time-frequency transform to multiple moving target detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. C1 USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4488-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4738 BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.1117/12.458737 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BU74U UT WOS:000176889900025 ER PT B AU Karrh, JD Moriarty, J Kornuc, JJ Knight, RL AF Karrh, JD Moriarty, J Kornuc, JJ Knight, RL BE Nehring, KW Brauning, SE TI Sustainable management of aircraft anti/de-icing process effluents using a subsurface-flow treatment wetland SO WETLANDS AND REMEDIATION II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Wetlands and Remediation CY SEP 05-06, 2001 CL BURLINGTON, VT SP Battelle Mem Inst, Earth Tech, US Dept Def, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, USN, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc AB This paper describes the planning and design of a field-scale of the treatment of aircraft anti/de-icing fluid (ADF) effluents using a horizontal, subsurface-flow (HSSF) constructed treatment wetland (CTW). The project is a field-scale (0.6 acre) demonstration/validation (dem/val) being conducted at Westover Air Reserve Base (WARB) in western Massachusetts. The principle goal of this work is to provide high-quality cost and performance data demonstrating a HSSF CTW can meet water quality standards and limits associated with ADF discharges in a cost effective, sustainable manner. Primary objectives are to meet previously established cost and performance benchmarks, increase mission readiness and operational flexibility, and comply with. Baseline monitoring data indicates COD concentrations in excess of 21,000 mg/L. Fullscale design criteria have been established and construction began in August 2001. C1 USN, Port Hueneme, CA USA. RP Karrh, JD (reprint author), USN, Port Hueneme, CA USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-122-1 PY 2002 BP 187 EP 195 PG 5 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA BU29H UT WOS:000175585500023 ER PT S AU Seely, JF AF Seely, JF BE Freund, AK Macrander, AT Ishikawa, T Wood, JL TI Review of multilayer normal-incidence gratings operating at 9 nm-40 nm wavelengths SO X-RAY MIRRORS, CRYSTALS, AND MULTILAYERS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Mirrors, Crystals and Multilayers II CY JUL 10-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol ID NORMAL-INCIDENCE EFFICIENCY; REGION; SPECTROMETER; REPLICAS AB It is now possible to reliably implement multilayer-coated diffraction gratings in spaceflight and laboratory spectrometers that operate at normal incidence and with high efficiency in the 9 nm to 40 nm wavelength range. The design and fabrication of the grating groove profile and the matching multilayer coating are based on computational modeling using the computer program PCGRATE. The multilayer gratings are characterized using atomic force microscopy and by measuring the diffraction efficiency using synchrotron radiation. Recent research has focused on multilayer coatings other than Mo/Si such as Sc/Si for 40 nm, MoRu/Be for 11 nm, and Mo/Y for 9 nm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4549-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4782 BP 224 EP 229 DI 10.1117/12.451353 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV95D UT WOS:000180512700025 ER PT J AU Karle, J Karle, IL AF Karle, J Karle, IL TI Crystallography and crystallographers. Personal reflections on the past, the present and the future of crystallography on the occasion of the 125-year anniversary of Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Editorial Material DE quantum crystallography; fragment methods for macromolecules; structure determination methods C1 USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karle, J (reprint author), USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2002 VL 217 IS 7-8 BP 329 EP 330 DI 10.1524/zkri.217.7.329.23652 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 585QJ UT WOS:000177535800051 ER PT J AU Back, CA Grun, J Decker, C Suter, LJ Davis, J Landen, OL Wallace, R Hsing, WW Laming, JM Feldman, U Miller, MC Wuest, C AF Back, CA Grun, J Decker, C Suter, LJ Davis, J Landen, OL Wallace, R Hsing, WW Laming, JM Feldman, U Miller, MC Wuest, C TI Efficient multi-keV underdense laser-produced plasma radiators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; CONDUCTION; SCATTERING; ABLATION; EMISSION; DENSITY AB Novel, efficient x-ray sources have been created by supersonically heating a large volume of Xe gas. A laser-induced bleaching wave quickly ionizes the high-Z gas, and the resulting plasma emits x rays. This method significantly improves the production of hard x rays because less energy is lost to kinetic energy and sub-keV x rays. The conversion efficiency of laser energy into L-shell radiation between 4-7 keV is measured at similar to 10%, an order of magnitude higher than efficiencies measured from solid disk targets. This higher flux enables material testing and backlighting in new regimes and scales well to future high-powered lasers. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Alme & Associates, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Back, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-21,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 31 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 27 AR 275003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.275003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 507RE UT WOS:000173040800028 PM 11800887 ER PT J AU Masciangioli, TM Rice, JK AF Masciangioli, TM Rice, JK TI Photocycle dynamics in bacteriorhodopsin in an ethanol perturbed lipid environment using time-resolved infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID METARHODOPSIN-II FORMATION; KINETIC RESONANCE RAMAN; N-INTERMEDIATE; HALOBACTERIUM-HALOBIUM; PURPLE MEMBRANE; ASPARTIC-ACID; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; PROTON TRANSLOCATION AB We examine the dependence of the native bacteriorhodopsin (bR) photocycle on ethanol, a solvent thought to perturb lipid structure, and monitor protein and chromophore absorption changes using time-resolved Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Ethanol treated samples under two pH conditions, 7 and 8. and two temperatures are examined. A faster M to N transition and slower N to O/bR transition are observed with 3 Methanol at pH 8. These rates are determined by monitoring several different infrared bands associated with the bR proton pump. An examination of the positions of the infrared bands associated with Asp85 and Asp96 (crucial bR proton transport amino acids) indicates that ethanol produces no obvious differences attributable to bR protein structural changes. Lipid-specific infrared bands in the CH stretching region and methylene region in the bR-lipid system and a model diphytanyl lipid undergo shifts in the presence of ethanol consistent with conformational changes in the lipid acyl chain. It also appears that bR protein infrared band,, not associated with the major proton pumping sites are shifted by the presence of ethanol; however, further studies are needed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rice, JK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 27 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 51 BP 12906 EP 12912 DI 10.1021/jp012264t PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 508GC UT WOS:000173079500027 ER PT J AU Twigg, ME Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL Binari, SC AF Twigg, ME Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL Binari, SC TI Correlation between nucleation layer structure, dislocation density, and electrical resistivity for GaN films grown on a-plane sapphire by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NITRIDATION; DEPOSITION; SURFACE AB Transmission electron microscopy has been used to study AlN nucleation layers (NLs) grown using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy, in order to link the resistivity of unintentionally doped GaN films to NL microstructure. We observed that high-resistivity (HR) GaN films grew on large-grained NLs, which, in turn, grew on smooth sapphire surfaces. These HR films had a higher density of edge dislocations than screw and mixed dislocations. Low-resistivity GaN films were found to grow on fine-grained NLs that grew on rougher sapphire surfaces. These LR films had a density of edge dislocations close to the combined density of screw and mixed dislocations. The LR films in this study were also found to have a buried conductive layer that is detectable using capacitance-voltage measurements. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Twigg, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 26 BP 4322 EP 4324 DI 10.1063/1.1428769 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 503RW UT WOS:000172815100018 ER PT J AU Raphael, MP Ravel, B Willard, MA Cheng, SF Das, BN Stroud, RM Bussmann, KM Claassen, JH Harris, VG AF Raphael, MP Ravel, B Willard, MA Cheng, SF Das, BN Stroud, RM Bussmann, KM Claassen, JH Harris, VG TI Magnetic, structural, and transport properties of thin film and single crystal Co2MnSi SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HALF-METALLIC FERROMAGNETS; HEUSLER ALLOYS; NIMNSB AB The magnetic, structural, and transport properties of the Heusler alloy Co2MnSi are reported for sputtered thin films and a single crystal. X-ray diffraction reveals a phase pure L2(1) structure for all films grown between 573 and 773 K. Films grown at 773 K display a four-fold decrease in the resistivity relative to those grown at lower temperatures and a corresponding 30% increase in the residual resistivity ratio (rho (300 K)/rho (5 K)). We show that the higher growth temperature results in lattice constants, room temperature resistivities, and magnetic properties that are comparable to that of the bulk single crystal. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Raphael, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; NR 15 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 26 BP 4396 EP 4398 DI 10.1063/1.1428625 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 503RW UT WOS:000172815100043 ER PT J AU Aglitskiy, Y Velikovich, AL Karasik, M Serlin, V Pawley, CJ Schmitt, AJ Obenschain, SP Mostovych, AN Gardner, JH Metzler, N AF Aglitskiy, Y Velikovich, AL Karasik, M Serlin, V Pawley, CJ Schmitt, AJ Obenschain, SP Mostovych, AN Gardner, JH Metzler, N TI Direct observation of feedout-related mass oscillations in plastic targets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITIES; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; RAREFACTION WAVE; FOILS; PERTURBATION; FACILITY; MODEL AB "Feedout" means the transfer of mass perturbations from the rear to the front surface of a driven target. When a planar shock wave breaks out at a rippled rear surface of the target, a lateral pressure gradient drives sonic waves in a rippled rarefaction wave propagating back to the front surface. This process redistributes mass in the volume of the target, forming the feedout-generated seed for ablative Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability. We report the first direct experimental observation of areal-mass oscillation associated with feedout, followed by the onset of exponential RT growth. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, McLean, VA 22150 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sci Applicat Int Corp, McLean, VA 22150 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 19 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 26 AR 265002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.265002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 506YQ UT WOS:000172999700010 PM 11800836 ER PT J AU Aglitskiy, Y Velikovich, AL Karasik, M Serlin, V Pawley, CJ Schmitt, AJ Obenschain, SP Mostovych, AN Gardner, JH Metzler, N AF Aglitskiy, Y Velikovich, AL Karasik, M Serlin, V Pawley, CJ Schmitt, AJ Obenschain, SP Mostovych, AN Gardner, JH Metzler, N TI Direct observation of mass oscillations due to ablative Richtmyer-Meshkov instability in plastic targets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; TIME PERTURBATION GROWTH; LASER TARGETS; DRIVEN; MODEL; PROPAGATION; STABILITY; FRONTS; RATES AB We report the first direct experimental observation of the ablative Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. It manifests itself in oscillations of areal mass that occur during the shock transit time, which are caused by the "rocket effect" or dynamic overpressure characteristic of interaction between the laser absorption zone and the ablation front. With the 4-ns-long Nike KrF laser pulse and our novel diagnostic technique (monochromatic x-ray imaging coupled to a streak camera) we were able to register a peak and a valley of the areal-mass variation before the observed onset of the Rayleigh-Taylor growth. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, McLean, VA 22150 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sci Applicat Int Corp, McLean, VA 22150 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 34 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 26 AR 265001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.265001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 506YQ UT WOS:000172999700009 PM 11800835 ER PT J AU Ranganathan, S Muraleedharan, KM Rao, CHC Vairamani, M Karle, IL Gilardi, RD AF Ranganathan, S Muraleedharan, KM Rao, CHC Vairamani, M Karle, IL Gilardi, RD TI Stacking of a benzenehexacarboxylic acid core in the crystal structure of benzenehexacarboxylic acid alpha-aminomethyl isobutyrate amide (MA-Aib(6))-sodium nitrate complex SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DESIGN; PEPTIDOMIMETICS; MELLITATE; CONFORMATION AB MA-Aib(6) forms discrete stacks with sandwiched water, sodium and nitrate ions, presenting a novel profile, where nine out of the 12 binding sites, of the six amides present, are involved in bonding with water, sodium and nitrate ions, with no inter-amide hydrogen bonding. This is the first example of the stacking of a benzenehexacarboxylic acid core. C1 Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res, Bangalore 560007, Karnataka, India. Indian Inst Chem Technol, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ranganathan, S (reprint author), Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 IS 24 BP 2544 EP 2545 DI 10.1039/b109465n PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 507TG UT WOS:000173044900009 ER PT J AU Noordermeer, E Sparke, LS Levine, SE AF Noordermeer, E Sparke, LS Levine, SE TI The kinematics of lopsided galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : formation; galaxies : individual : NGC 4395; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; galaxies : structure; dark matter ID SPIRAL GALAXIES; STELLAR DISKS; DYNAMICS; NGC-891; SEARCH; HALO AB Lopsidedness is a common feature in galaxies, both in the distribution of light and in the kinematics. We investigate the kinematics of a model for lopsided galaxies that consists of a disc lying off-centre in a dark halo, and circling around the halo centre. We search for families of stable, closed. non-crossing orbits, and assume that gas in our galaxies moves on these orbits. Several of our models show strong lopsided gas kinematics, especially those in which the disc spins around its axis in a retrograde sense compared with its motion around the halo centre. We are able to reproduce the H-1 velocity map of the kinematically lopsided galaxy NGC 4395. The lopsidedness in our models is most pronounced in the models where the halo provides a relatively large fraction of the total mass at small radii. This may explain why the gas shows lopsidedness more frequently in late-type galaxies, which are dominated by dark matter. Surfaces of section show large regions of irregular orbits in the models where the halo density is low. This may indicate that these models are unstable. C1 Univ Utrecht, Inst Astron, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Noordermeer, E (reprint author), Kapteyn Astron Inst, POB 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. NR 36 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 328 IS 4 BP 1064 EP 1080 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04924.x PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 507TR UT WOS:000173045800006 ER PT J AU McGinnis, RD Blau, J Colson, WB Massey, D Crooker, PP Christodoulou, A Lampiris, D AF McGinnis, RD Blau, J Colson, WB Massey, D Crooker, PP Christodoulou, A Lampiris, D TI Simulations of the TJNAF 10 kW free electron laser SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE Frec-Electron Laser; klystron; Rayleigh length AB The TJNAF Free Electron Laser (FEL) will be upgraded to operate at 10 kW average power in the near future. Multimode simulations are used to analyze the operation describing the evolution of short optical pulses in the far infrared wavelength regime. In an FEL that recirculates the electron beam, performance can depend on the electron beam distribution exiting the undulator. The effects of varying the undulator field strength and Rayleigh length of the resonator are explored, as well as the possibility of using an optical klystron. The simulations indicate that the FEL output power can reach the design goal of 10 kW. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Colson, WB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 178 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01557-1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900031 ER PT J AU Christodoulou, A Lampiris, D Colson, WB Crooker, PP Blau, J McGinnis, RD Benson, SV Gubeli, JF Neil, GR AF Christodoulou, A Lampiris, D Colson, WB Crooker, PP Blau, J McGinnis, RD Benson, SV Gubeli, JF Neil, GR TI Simulations of the TJNAF FEL with tapered and inversely tapered undulators SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE taper; inverse taper; free-electron laser; simulation ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; 2-COLOR OPERATION AB Experiments using the TJNAF FEL have explored the operation with both tapered and inversely tapered undulators. We present here numerical simulations using the TJNAF experimental parameters, including the effects of taper. Single-mode simulations show the effect of taper on gain. Multimode simulations describe the evolution of short optical pulses in the far infrared, and show how taper affects single-pass gain and steady-state power as a function of desynchronism. A short optical pulse presents an ever-changing field strength to each section of the electron pulse so that idealized operation is not possible. Yet, advantages for the recirculation of the electron beam can be explored. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, FEL Dept, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Colson, WB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 182 EP 186 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01561-3 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900032 ER PT J AU Gordon, DF Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Roberson, CW AF Gordon, DF Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Roberson, CW TI Requirements for a laser pumped FEL operating in the X-ray regime SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE X-ray FEL; laser pumped FEL ID FREE-ELECTRON LASERS; SYNCHROTRON SOURCE; GENERATION; DESIGN; BEAM AB A laser pumped free electron laser (FEL) can in principle generate coherent, polarized, high power X-rays using a much lower energy electron beam than would be required by a conventional FEL. This is due to the dramatic reduction in the wiggler period, which in the case of a laser pumped FEL is the laser wavelength. However, a number of practical obstacles could prevent the realization of a laser pumped FEL in the laboratory. Foremost amongst these is the requirement that the axial velocity spread on the electron beam be less than the difference between the average velocity of the beam and the velocity of the ponderomotive wave. This requirement places a severe limitation on both the beam emittance and energy spread. Conditions are given on the emittance, energy spread, current density, and laser intensity needed to achieve lasing in the X-ray regime. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council Associate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roberson, CW (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 190 EP 194 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01694-1 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900034 ER PT J AU Colson, WB AF Colson, WB TI Short wavelength free electron lasers in 2000 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE free-electron laser; short wavelength ID TESLA-TEST-FACILITY; SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION; STORAGE-RING; VUV-FEL; RACETRACK MICROTRON; FIRST LASINGS; FELICITA-I; MU-M; DESIGN; AMPLIFICATION AB Twenty-three years after the first operation of the short wavelength free electron laser (FEL) at Stanford University, there continue to be many important experiments, proposed experiments, and user facilities around the world. Properties of FELs operating in the infrared, visible, UV, and X-ray wavelength regimes are listed and discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Colson, WB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 397 EP 400 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01687-4 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900071 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, AH Sereno, NS Rule, DW AF Lumpkin, AH Sereno, NS Rule, DW TI First measurements of subpicosecond electron beam structure by autocorrelation of coherent diffraction radiation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE bunchlength; subpicosecond; coherent diffraction radiation AB We report the initial measurements of subpicosecond electron beam structure using a nonintercepting technique based on the autocorrelation of coherent diffraction radiation (CDR). A far infrared (FIR) Michelson interferometer with a Golay detector was used to obtain the autocorrelation. The radiation was generated by a thermionic rf gun beam at 40 MeV as it passed through a 5-mm-tall slit/aperture in a metal screen whose surface was at 45 degrees to the beam direction. For the observed bunch lengths of about 450 fs (FWHM) with a shorter time spike on the leading edge, peak currents of about 100 A are indicated. Also a model was developed and used to calculate the CDR from the back of two metal strips separated by a 5-mm vertical gap. The demonstrated nonintercepting aspect of this method could allow online bunch length characterizations to be done during free-electron laser experiments. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Bldg 32,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 470 EP 475 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01639-4 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900084 ER PT J AU Thomson, RW Short, LR McGinnis, RD Colson, WB Shinn, MD Gubeli, JF Jordan, KC Hill, RA Biallas, GH Walker, RL Neil, GR Benson, SV Yunn, BC AF Thomson, RW Short, LR McGinnis, RD Colson, WB Shinn, MD Gubeli, JF Jordan, KC Hill, RA Biallas, GH Walker, RL Neil, GR Benson, SV Yunn, BC TI TJNAF free electron laser damage studies SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE free-electron laser; laser damage AB Laser material damage experiments were conducted at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) free electron laser (FEL) user laboratory with an average power of 100 W and a power density Of 10(4)W/cm(2). The FEL beam bombards the target with a steady stream of tens of millions of pulses per second each containing 50 MW of power in a short burst of similar to 1 ps. No conventional laser combines these characteristics, and no experiments have previously been done to explore the effects of the FEL pulse, The goal is to develop scaling laws to accurately describe large-scale damage from a MW FEL using small-scale experiments. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Free Electron Laser Dept, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Colson, WB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 625 EP 629 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01580-7 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900113 ER PT J AU Laming, JM AF Laming, JM TI Accelerated electrons in Cassiopeia A: Thermal and electromagnetic effects SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; ISM : individual (Cassiopeia A); radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; shock waves; supernova remnants ID X-RAY-EMISSION; YOUNG SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; MACH-NUMBER; PERPENDICULAR SHOCKS; COMET HALLEY; WAVES; SN-1006; SHELL; ENVIRONMENT; GENERATION AB We consider in more detail a model previously proposed for the hard X-ray (10 keV) emission observed from the supernova remnant Cas A, whereby electrons are accelerated by lower hybrid waves and radiate bremsstrahlung. We consider both cold and thermal plasma limits of the modified two-stream instability that generates the lower hybrid waves and, by studying the time-dependent ionization balance for various components of the Cas A ejecta and shocked circumstellar medium, find locations within the shell where one or other of the instabilities may occur. Either instability can be effective, with the cold plasma instability imposing fewer constraints on the shocked reflected ion population responsible for exciting the waves. The instability must be located in the ejecta shocked at the earliest times and therefore closest to the contact discontinuity where magnetic fields are expected to be the strongest. The energy deposited in this ejecta by collisions between accelerated and ambient electrons is broadly consistent with that required to reheat this ejecta to the observed temperature of similar to 4 x 10(7) K. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7674L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 65 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 2 BP 828 EP 841 DI 10.1086/323953 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JE UT WOS:000172852900031 ER PT J AU Santangelo, PG Roland, CM Chang, T Cho, D Roovers, J AF Santangelo, PG Roland, CM Chang, T Cho, D Roovers, J TI Dynamics near the glass temperature of low molecular weight cyclic polystyrene SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; INTERMOLECULAR COOPERATIVITY; RING POLYSTYRENES; DEPENDENCE; POLYMERS; TRANSITION; MELT; SELENIUM; LIQUIDS AB The segmental relaxation properties of a low molecular weight (4.6 kg/mol), cyclic polystyrene (PS) were characterized. The sample was obtained by fractionation using HPLC at the chromatographic critical condition, which yields a ring uncontaminated by its linear precursor. Both the glass temperature and the temperature dependence of the segmental relaxation times for the ring PS were equivalent to the high molecular weight limiting values for the linear polymer. These results are interpreted by considering the configurational mobility of a polymer lacking chain ends. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Integrated Mol Syst, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Chem Proc & Environm Technol, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R9, Canada. RP Santangelo, PG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6126, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Chang, Taihyun/F-5725-2013 NR 39 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 18 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 26 BP 9002 EP 9005 DI 10.1021/ma011069+ PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 503CJ UT WOS:000172779300029 ER PT J AU Gevaux, DG Green, AM Phillips, CC Vurgaftman, I Bewley, WW Felix, CL Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU AF Gevaux, DG Green, AM Phillips, CC Vurgaftman, I Bewley, WW Felix, CL Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU TI GaInSb/InAs/AlGaAsSb "W" quantum-well light-emitting diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MU-M; CASCADE LASER; GAS-DETECTION; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; OPERATION AB We report on the characterization of molecular-beam epitaxy-grown Ga0.75In0.25Sb/InAs/Al0.15Ga0.85As0.05Sb0.95 "W" quantum-well light-emitting diodes (LED). The devices demonstrated room-temperature emission with a peak wavelength of 3.3 mum. A pulsed current output power of 55 muW with a slope efficiency of 98 muW/A was measured and the 300 K internal efficiency was estimated to be 2.5%. Comparative power analysis suggests that LED and laser diode efficiencies are limited by the same thermally activated nonradiative mechanism, probably Auger recombination. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, Expt Solid State Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sarnoff Corp, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gevaux, DG (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, Expt Solid State Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 25 BP 4073 EP 4075 DI 10.1063/1.1426267 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 501JV UT WOS:000172682300001 ER PT J AU Wilson, AW Madison, JD Spanos, G AF Wilson, AW Madison, JD Spanos, G TI Determining phase volume fraction in steels by electron backscattered diffraction SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE electron backscattered diffraction; scanning electron microscope; ferrite; martensite; phase transformation AB The relative sharpness of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) patterns is used to quantify the volume fraction of ferrite in low-carbon steels. EBSD pattern quality (PQ) maps are shown to improve imaging of martensite and ferrite over optical and secondary electron imaging. Ferrite volume fraction in isothermally reacted Fe-0.12C-3.28Ni are quantified using PQ maps by manual point counting and image thresholding. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wilson, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Code 6324, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1335 EP 1340 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(01)01137-X PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 516LV UT WOS:000173555500002 ER PT J AU Davis, D Grodzinsky, G Chen, G Crawford, J Eisele, F Mauldin, L Tanner, D Cantrell, C Brune, W Tan, D Faloona, I Ridley, B Montzka, D Walega, J Grahek, F Sandholm, S Sachse, G Vay, S Anderson, B Avery, M Heikes, B Snow, J O'Sullivan, D Shetter, R Lefer, B Blake, D Blake, N Carroll, M Wang, Y AF Davis, D Grodzinsky, G Chen, G Crawford, J Eisele, F Mauldin, L Tanner, D Cantrell, C Brune, W Tan, D Faloona, I Ridley, B Montzka, D Walega, J Grahek, F Sandholm, S Sachse, G Vay, S Anderson, B Avery, M Heikes, B Snow, J O'Sullivan, D Shetter, R Lefer, B Blake, D Blake, N Carroll, M Wang, Y TI Marine latitude/altitude OH distributions: Comparison of Pacific Ocean observations with models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSTATIONARY STATE ANALYSIS; METHANE SULFONIC-ACID; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; TROPOSPHERIC OH; TROPICAL PACIFIC; PEM-TROPICS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB Reported here are tropical/subtropical Pacific basin OH observational data presented in a latitude/altitude geographical grid. They cover two seasons of the year (spring and fall) that reflect the timing of NASA's PEM-Tropics A (1996) and B (1999) field programs. Two different OH sensors were used to collect these data, and each instrument was mounted on a different aircraft platform (i.e., NASA's P-3B and DC-8). Collectively, these chemical snapshots of the central Pacific have revealed several interesting trends. Only modest decreases (factors of 2 to 3) were found in the levels of OH with increasing altitude (0-12 km). Similarly, only modest variations were found (factors of 1.5 to 3.5) when the data were examined as a function of latitude (30degreesN to 30degreesS). Using simultaneously recorded data for CO, O-3, H2O, NO, and NMHCs, comparisons with current models were also carried out. For three out of four data subsets, the results revealed a high level of correspondence. On average, the box model results agreed with the observations within a factor of 1.5. The comparison with the three-dimensional model results was found to be only slightly worse. Overall, these results suggest that current model mechanisms capture the major photochemical processes controlling OH quite well and thus provide a reasonably good representation of OH levels for tropical marine environments. They also indicate that the two OH sensors employed during the PEM-Tropics B study generally saw similar OH levels when sampling a similar tropical marine environment. However, a modest altitude bias appears to exist between these instruments. More rigorous instrument intercomparison activity would therefore seem to be justified. Further comparisons of model predictions with observations are also recommended for nontropical marine environments as well as those involving highly elevated levels of reactive non-methane hydrocarbons. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Ocean & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Davis, D (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM douglas.davis@eas.gatech.edu RI Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Wang, Yuhang/B-5578-2014; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012; OI Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495; O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 NR 60 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D23 BP 32691 EP 32707 DI 10.1029/2001JD900141 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 515DA UT WOS:000173479100070 ER PT J AU Heikes, B Snow, J Egli, P O'Sullivan, D Crawford, J Olson, J Chen, G Davis, D Blake, N Blake, D AF Heikes, B Snow, J Egli, P O'Sullivan, D Crawford, J Olson, J Chen, G Davis, D Blake, N Blake, D TI Formaldehyde over the central Pacific during PEM-Tropics B SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT 2; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; SOUTH ATLANTIC; OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONS; CONVECTIVE INJECTION; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; FORMIC-ACID; HYDROPEROXIDES; AIR AB Formaldehyde, CH2O, mixing ratios are reported for the central Pacific troposphere from a series of 41 flights, which took place in March-April 1999 as part of the NASA Pacific Exploratory Mission (PEM)-Tropics B mission. Ambient CH2O was collected in aqueous media and quantified using an enzyme-derivatization fluorescence technique. Primary calibration was performed using aqueous standards and known flow rates. Occasionally, CH2O gas standard additions to ambient air were performed as a secondary calibration. Analytical blanks were determined by replacing ambient air with pure air. The estimated precision was +/-30 pptv and the estimated accuracy was the sum of +/-30 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) +/-15% of the measured value. Approximately 25% of the observations were less than the instrumental detection limit of 50 pptv, and 85% of these occurred above 6 km. CH2O mixing ratios decreased with altitude; for example, near the equator the median value in the lowest 2 km was 275 pptv, decreased to 150 pptv by 6 kin and was below 100 pptv above 8 km. Between 130 and 170 W and below 1 km, a small variation of CH2O mixing ratio with latitude was noted as near-surface median mixing ratios decreased near the equator (275 pptv) and were greater on either side (375 pptv). A marked decrease in near-surface CH2O (200 pptv) was noted south of 23degreesS on two flights. Between 3degrees and 23degreesS, median CH2O mixing ratios were lower in the eastern tropical Pacific than in the western or central Pacific; nominal differences were >100 pptv near the surface to similar to100 pptv at midaltitude to similar to50 pptv at high attitude. Off the coast of Central America and Mexico, mixing ratios as high as 1200 pptv were observed in plumes that originated to the east over land. CH2O observations were consistently higher than the results from a point model constrained by other photochemical species and meteorological parameters. Regardless of latitude or longitude, agreement was best at altitudes above 4 kin where the difference between measured and modeled CH2O medians was less than 50 pptv. Below 2 km in the model median was approximately 150 pptv less than the measured median. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Chem Studies, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Chem, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Heikes, B (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Chem Studies, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM zagar@notos.gso.uri.edu RI Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; OI Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D23 BP 32717 EP 32731 DI 10.1029/2001JD900012 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 515DA UT WOS:000173479100072 ER PT J AU Baird, JK Lacy, MD Basri, H Barcus, MJ Maguire, JD Bangs, MJ Gramzinski, R Sismadi, P Krisin Ling, J Wiady, I Kusumaningsih, M Jones, TR Fryauff, DJ Hoffman, SL AF Baird, JK Lacy, MD Basri, H Barcus, MJ Maguire, JD Bangs, MJ Gramzinski, R Sismadi, P Krisin Ling, J Wiady, I Kusumaningsih, M Jones, TR Fryauff, DJ Hoffman, SL CA US Naval Med Res Unit 2 Clin Trials TI Randomized, parallel placebo-controlled trial of primaquine for malaria prophylaxis in Papua, Indonesia SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLOROQUINE PLUS PROGUANIL; NONIMMUNE TRAVELERS; DOUBLE-BLIND; IRIAN-JAYA; MEFLOQUINE; FALCIPARUM; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; DOXYCYCLINE; PREVENTION AB Malaria causes illness or death in unprotected travelers. Primaquine prevents malaria by attacking liver-stage parasites, a property distinguishing it from most chemoprophylactics and obviating 4-week postexposure dosing. A daily adult regimen of 30 mg primaquine prevented malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax for 20 weeks in 95 of 97 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-normal Javanese transmigrants in Papua, Indonesia. In comparison, 37 of 149 subjects taking placebo in a parallel trial became parasitemic. The protective efficacy of primaquine against malaria was 93% (95% confidence interval [CI] 71%-98%); against P. falciparum it was 88% (95% CI 48%-97%), and >92% for P. vivax (95% CI > 37%-99%). Primaquine was as well tolerated as placebo. Mild methemoglobinemia (mean of 3.4%) returned to normal within 2 weeks. Blood chemistry and hematological parameters revealed no evidence of toxicity. Good safety, tolerance, and efficacy, along with key advantages in dosing requirements, make primaquine an excellent drug for preventing malaria in nonpregnant, G6PD-normal travelers. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Parasit Dis Program, Jakarta, Indonesia. Minist Hlth Republ Indonesia, Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Infect Dis Res Ctr, Jakarta, Indonesia. Naval Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. Celera Gen, Immunotherapeut, Rockville, MD USA. RP Baird, JK (reprint author), Amer Embassy Jakarta, USN, Med Res Unit 2, Parasit Dis Program, FPO, AP 96520 USA. NR 27 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1990 EP 1997 DI 10.1086/324085 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 494QN UT WOS:000172297500005 PM 11712091 ER PT J AU Magno, R Bracker, AS Bennett, BR Nosho, BZ Whitman, LJ AF Magno, R Bracker, AS Bennett, BR Nosho, BZ Whitman, LJ TI Barrier roughness effects in resonant interband tunnel diodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERFACE-ROUGHNESS; SCATTERING; MICROSCOPY; TRANSPORT; DEVICES AB Peak current densities of InAs/AlSb/GaSb/AlSb/InAs resonant interband tunneling diodes (RITD) grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been measured as a function of the growth temperature. The growth procedures were designed to produce nominally identical AlSb tunneling barriers. The variations observed in the peak current for positive bias are consistent with the barrier on the substrate side of the RITD becoming effectively thicker for diodes grown at high temperatures. Plan-view in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements indicate that smoother AlSb barriers are grown at high temperature. The growth temperature dependence of the peak current density and STM results are consistent, because tunneling is highly dependent on barrier thickness. While the high and low temperature growths were designed to have the same barrier thickness, the large current flowing through the thin areas of a rough barrier result in an effectively thinner barrier compared to the smooth one. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Magno, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 12 BP 6177 EP 6181 DI 10.1063/1.1415539 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 498BK UT WOS:000172489800056 ER PT J AU Borovsky, B Krim, J Syed Asif, SA Wahl, KJ AF Borovsky, B Krim, J Syed Asif, SA Wahl, KJ TI Measuring nanomechanical properties of a dynamic contact using an indenter probe and quartz crystal microbalance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE-MICROSCOPE; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SURFACE FORCES; FRICTION; STIFFNESS; VIBRATION; SENSORS; SCALE; LOAD AB A study of the contact mechanics of a probe tip interacting with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) has been performed, involving simultaneous measurements of normal load, displacement, and contact stiffness with changes in QCM resonant frequency. For metal-metal and glass-metal contacts in air, the QCM frequency shifts were observed to be positive, and directly proportional to the contact area as inferred from the contact stiffness. Interfacial characteristics of the probe-tip contact (elasticity, contact size, and an estimate of the number of contacting asperities) were deduced by extending a prior model of single asperity contact to the case of multiple contacts. The extended model clarifies a number of seemingly disparate experimental results that have been reported in the literature. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Borovsky, B (reprint author), Grinnell Coll, Dept Phys, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. RI Borovsky, Brian/B-6426-2012; OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 36 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 12 BP 6391 EP 6396 DI 10.1063/1.1413493 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 498BK UT WOS:000172489800091 ER PT J AU Rochford, PA Kara, AB Wallcraft, AJ Arnone, RA AF Rochford, PA Kara, AB Wallcraft, AJ Arnone, RA TI Importance of solar subsurface heating in ocean general circulation models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MIXED-LAYER; ARABIAN SEA; REDUCED-GRAVITY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SOUTHWEST MONSOON; SEASONAL CYCLE; IRRADIANCE; STORAGE; TEMPERATURE AB The importance of subsurface heating on surface mixed layer properties in an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) is examined using attenuation of solar irradiance with depth below the ocean surface. The depth-dependent attenuation of subsurface heating is given by global monthly mean fields for the attenuation of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), k(PAR). These global fields of k(PAR) are derived from Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) data on the spectral diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 run (k(490)), and have been processed to have the smoothly varying and continuous coverage necessary for use in OGCM applications. These monthly fields provide the first complete global data sets of subsurface optical fields that can be used for OGCM applications of subsurface heating and bio-optical processes. The effect on global OGCM prediction of sea surface temperature (SST) and surface mixed layer depth (MLD) is examined when solar heating, as given by monthly mean k(PAR) and PAR fields, is included in the model. It is found that subsurface heating yields a marked increase in the SST predictive skill of the OGCM at low latitudes. No significant improvement in MLD predictive skill is obtained when including subsurface heating. Use of the monthly mean k(PAR) produces an SST decrease of up to 0.8degreesC and a MLD increase of up to only 4-5 m for climatological surface forcing, with this primarily confined to the equatorial regions. Remarkably, a constant k(PAR) value of 0.06 m(-1), which is indicative of optically clear open ocean conditions, is found to serve very well for OGCM prediction of SST and MLD over most of the global ocean. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Sverdrup Technol Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM rochford@nrlssc.navy.mil; wallcraft@nrlssc.navy.mil; arnone@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 63 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C12 BP 30923 EP 30938 DI 10.1029/2000JC000355 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 513WB UT WOS:000173402400001 ER PT J AU Oh, J Kim, NJ Lee, S Lee, EW AF Oh, J Kim, NJ Lee, S Lee, EW TI High-cycle fatigue properties of investment cast Ti-6Al-4V alloy welds SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Adv Aerosp Mat, Pohang 790784, South Korea. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Oh, J (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Adv Aerosp Mat, Pohang 790784, South Korea. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 24 BP 2183 EP 2187 DI 10.1023/A:1017968514143 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 520VX UT WOS:000173804000004 ER PT J AU Cho, SL Kim, Y Youn, SJ DiVenere, A Wong, GKL Freeman, AJ Ketterson, JB Olafsen, LJ Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Hoffman, CA AF Cho, SL Kim, Y Youn, SJ DiVenere, A Wong, GKL Freeman, AJ Ketterson, JB Olafsen, LJ Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Hoffman, CA TI Artificially ordered Bi/Sb superlattice alloys: Fabrication and transport properties SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOBILITY SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; BISMUTH NANOWIRE ARRAYS; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETOTRANSPORT PROPERTIES; HALL CHARACTERIZATION; BI; TRANSITIONS; DEPOSITION AB We hake fabricated Bi/Sb superlattice alloys that are artificially ordered on the atomic scale using molecular-beam epitaxy. We observe that by changing the superlattice period thickness. the electronic structure can be "tuned" from a semimetal, through zero gap, to a narrow-gap semiconductor, These unique properties, which are distinct from those in random alloys. are believed to be a consequence of ordered atomic configurations. C1 Univ Ulsan, Dept Phys, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. HKUST, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Univ Ulsan, Dept Phys, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. RI Ketterson, John/B-7234-2009; Olafsen, Linda/G-4996-2013 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 23 AR 235330 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.235330 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 504QT UT WOS:000172867900114 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Curie-temperature enhancement in ferromagnetic semiconductor superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; (GA,MN)AS; GAAS; MODELS AB Curie temperatures in ferromagnetic semiconductor superlattices are calculated self-consistently within mean-field theory and the effective bond orbital model of the superlattice band structure. Assuming a null valence-band offset and a constant average hole density of 10(20) cm(-3), the Curie temperature for a GaAs/GaMnAs "digital alloy" superlattice is found to be enhanced over its value in a bulk GaMnAs alloy with the same average Mn fraction. This enhancement results from the formation of a hole potential well, induced by the exchange interactions, in the vicinity of the thin magnetic layer. We further show that much larger enhancements may be possible in structures incorporating an Al(Ga)As nonmagnetic barrier layer having a large valence-band offset relative to GaMnAs. This structure creates a much deeper well that much more effectively confines the hole wave functions to the vicinity of the layers with the high Mn concentrations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 40 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 24 AR 245207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.245207 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 508HK UT WOS:000173082500045 ER PT J AU Fahnestock, M Abdalati, W Joughin, I Brozena, J Gogineni, P AF Fahnestock, M Abdalati, W Joughin, I Brozena, J Gogineni, P TI High geothermal heat row, basal melt, and the origin of rapid ice how in central Greenland SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHEET; ELEVATION; STREAM; GISP2; MODEL; CORE; FLOW AB Age-depth relations from internal layering reveal a large region of rapid basal melting in Greenland. Melt is localized at the onset of rapid ice flow in the large ice stream that drains north off the summit dome and other areas in the northeast quadrant of the ice sheet. Locally, high melt rates indicate geothermal fluxes 15 to 30 times continental background. The southern limit of melt coincides with magnetic anomalies and topography that suggest a volcanic origin. C1 Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Kansas, Remote Sensing Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Fahnestock, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Joughin, Ian/A-2998-2008; Fahnestock, Mark/N-2678-2013 OI Joughin, Ian/0000-0001-6229-679X; NR 30 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 14 PY 2001 VL 294 IS 5550 BP 2338 EP 2342 DI 10.1126/science.1065370 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 503TT UT WOS:000172817200042 PM 11743197 ER PT J AU Burleigh, MC Markowitz, MA Spector, MS Gaber, BP AF Burleigh, MC Markowitz, MA Spector, MS Gaber, BP TI Porous organosilicas: An acid-catalyzed approach SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC MESOPOROUS ORGANOSILICAS; CO-CONDENSATION; ORGANIC GROUPS; CHANNEL WALLS; SILICA; MESOPHASES; PRECURSORS; FRAMEWORKS; CHEMISTRY AB Porous organosilica materials have been synthesized by co-condensation of bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane and N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AAPTS) under acidic conditions. Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride was used as a porogen using the surfactant template method. Formation of the mesoscopic composite was followed by surfactant extraction to form the porous organosilicas. These materials have been characterized by nitrogen gas sorption, metal ion adsorption, powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and high-resolution thermogravimetric analysis. The acid-catalyzed materials formed much faster and with twice the yield of similar organosilicas synthesized under basic conditions. The final products of the acid synthesis also exhibited higher concentrations of the AAPTS functional silane. Although these acidic organosilicas show surface areas and total pore volumes similar to the corresponding base-catalyzed materials, they do not form ordered pore structures. The effects of AAPTS concentration on the chemical and structural properties of the final products are examined. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 11 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 25 BP 7923 EP 7928 DI 10.1021/la011131w PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 499VJ UT WOS:000172590800033 ER PT J AU LaRosa, TN Lazio, TJW Kassim, NE AF LaRosa, TN Lazio, TJW Kassim, NE TI A new system of parallel isolated nonthermal filaments near the Galactic center: Evidence for a local magnetic field gradient SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : nucleus; radio continuum : general ID CENTER ARC; RADIO; ORIGIN AB We report the discovery of a system of isolated nonthermal filaments approximately northwest 0.degrees5 (75 pc in projection) of Sgr A. Unlike other isolated nonthermal filaments which show subfilamentation, braiding of subfilaments, and flaring at their ends, these filaments are simple linear structures and more closely resemble the parallel bundled filaments in the Galactic center radio arc. However, the most unusual feature of these filaments is that the 20/90 cm spectral index uniformly decreases as a function of length, in contrast to all other nonthermal filaments in the Galactic center. This spectral gradient may not be due to simple particle aging but could be explained by a curved electron energy spectrum embedded in a diverging magnetic field. If so, the scale of the magnetic gradient is not consistent with a large scale magnetic field centered on Sgr A* suggesting that this filament system is tracing a local magnetic field. C1 Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, 1000 Chastain Rd, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. EM ted@avatar.kennesaw.edu; lazio@rsd.nrl.navy.mil; kassim@rsd.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 1 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1086/323793 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JC UT WOS:000172852700015 ER PT J AU Wood, KS Titarchuk, L Ray, PS Wolff, MT Lovellette, MN Bandyopadhyay, RM AF Wood, KS Titarchuk, L Ray, PS Wolff, MT Lovellette, MN Bandyopadhyay, RM TI Disk diffusion propagation model for the outburst of XTE J1118+480 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : close; black hole physics; stars : individual (XTE J1118+480) ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; X-RAY AB We present a linear diffusion model for the evolution of the double-peaked outburst in the transient source XTE J1118+480. The model treats the two outbursts as episodic mass deposition at the outer radius of the disk followed by evolution of disk structure according to a diffusion process. We demonstrate that light curves with fast-rise, exponential decay profile are a general consequence of the diffusion process. Deconvolution of the light curve proves to be feasible and gives an input function specifying mass deposition at the outer disk edge as well as the total mass of the disk, both as functions of time. The derived evolution of total disk mass can be correlated with the observed evolution of the similar to0.1 Hz QPO in the source reported by Wood et al. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, CEOSR, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Wood, KS (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 1 BP 246 EP 254 DI 10.1086/323768 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JC UT WOS:000172852700024 ER PT J AU Vourlidas, A Klimchuk, JA Korendyke, CM Tarbell, TD Handy, BN AF Vourlidas, A Klimchuk, JA Korendyke, CM Tarbell, TD Handy, BN TI On the correlation between coronal and lower transition region structures at arcsecond scales SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : atmosphere; Sun : corona; Sun : transition region; sun : UV radiation ID X-RAY-TELESCOPE; ENERGY-BALANCE; SOHO MISSION; LYMAN-ALPHA; SOLAR; MODELS; ATMOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE; RESOLUTION; PLASMAS AB We compare the morphology of active region structures observed in the 171 Angstrom (T similar to 9 x 10(5) K) and Ly alpha (T similar to 2 x 10(4) K) lines. The coronal data were obtained by the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) in support of the Very High Angular Resolution Ultraviolet Telescope (VAULT) sounding rocket launch, which acquired subarcsecond resolution images of an active region in the Ly alpha line, on 1999 May 7. Using a pair of calibrated, nearly simultaneous images, we find that : (i) a very good correlation exists between the Ly alpha and 171 Angstrom intensities in the T RACE moss regions, (ii) we can identify several identical structures in some (but not all) moss areas, and (iii) the correlations are greatly reduced at the footpoints of the 171 Angstrom large-scale loops. We derive a lower limit for the Ly alpha emission measure, under the assumption of effectively optically thin emission, and compare it to the 171 Angstrom emission measure. As in previous studies, we find an excess of Ly alpha material compared to the amount expected for a thermal conduction-dominated corona-chromosphere transition region, even for structures that appear to be identical in the two wavelengths. This result implies that some other mechanism besides classical heat conduction from the corona must contribute to the observed Ly alpha intensities. The observations do not support the idea of a physically distinct cool loop component within active regions. C1 George Mason Univ, CEOSR CSI, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Vourlidas, A (reprint author), George Mason Univ, CEOSR CSI, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 NR 39 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 1 BP 374 EP 380 DI 10.1086/323835 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JC UT WOS:000172852700038 ER PT J AU Moses, RL AF Moses, RL TI Gainfully employed SO FORBES LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Moses, RL (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FORBES INC PI NEW YORK PA 60 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0015-6914 J9 FORBES JI Forbes PD DEC 10 PY 2001 VL 168 IS 15 BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA 500QC UT WOS:000172637400004 ER PT J AU Klein, PB Binari, SC Ikossi, K Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL AF Klein, PB Binari, SC Ikossi, K Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL TI Effect of deep traps on sheet charge in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; GAN AB The same traps that produce current collapse in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors are also shown to limit the sheet charge that is attainable in these devices by the trapping of channel carriers at equilibrium (no applied bias). In the present case. this reduction in sheet charge was found comparable to that induced by current collapse. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Klein, PB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 2001 VL 37 IS 25 BP 1550 EP 1551 DI 10.1049/el:20011040 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 504JZ UT WOS:000172854700039 ER PT J AU Li, GZ Wang, LC Toghiani, H Daulton, TL Koyama, K Pittman, CU AF Li, GZ Wang, LC Toghiani, H Daulton, TL Koyama, K Pittman, CU TI Viscoelastic and mechanical properties of epoxy/multifunctional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites and epoxy/ladderlike polyphenylsilsesquioxane blends SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERIZATION CONDITIONS; COPOLYMERS; POLYMERS; POLYPHENYLSILSISQUIOXANE AB Aliphatic epoxy composites with multifunctional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) ((C6H5CHCHO)(4)(Si8O12)(CH double bond CHC6H5)(4)) nanophases (epoxy/POSS 95/5 and 75/25) and epoxy blends with the prepolymer of ladderlike polyphenylsilsesquioxane (PPSQ) (95/5, 90/10, and 85/15) were prepared by solution casting and then curing. These composites and blends were studied by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and mechanical testing. The POSS units incorporated into the epoxy network are well dispersed in the composite, probably on the molecular scale, even at high POSS content (25 wt %) based on TEM observations. However, the aliphatic epoxy/PPSQ blends exhibit good miscibility only at low PPSQ content (less than or equal to 10 wt %). Phase separation was clearly observed when the PPSQ content was 15%. Incorporation of the POSS macromer into this epoxy network by curing at upper temperatures of 120 and 150 degreesC broadened the temperature range of glass transition of the resulting composites but has almost no influence on their T-g (the tan delta peak temperature). The T-g of epoxy/PPSQ blends containing less than or equal to 10 wt % PPSQ increased slightly with increasing PPSQ content. However, the T-g of epoxy/PPSQ 85/15 is lower than that of the neat epoxy resin because cross-linking density is reduced in the blend. Inclusion of PPSQ into the epoxy resin has no effect on the width of their glass transition range. The storage moduli E' of both epoxy/POSS composites and epoxy/PPSQ blends at T > T-g are higher than those of neat epoxy resin and increase with the POSS or PPSQ content, improving their thermal dimensional stability. The flexural modulus of the epoxy resin is raised by POSS incorporation or PPSQ addition. Modification of the epoxy resin's flexural modulus is larger for composites with molecularly dispersed POSS than for those containing PPSQ. The magnitude of this increase goes up as more POSS or PPSQ was added. But, the flexural strengths of epoxy/POSS nanocomposites and epoxy/PPSQ blends are lower than that of neat epoxy. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Yamagata Univ, Venture Business Lab, Yonezawa, Yamagata 9928510, Japan. RP Pittman, CU (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 22 TC 220 Z9 230 U1 8 U2 78 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 4 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 25 BP 8686 EP 8693 DI 10.1021/ma011117q PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 496TY UT WOS:000172414100018 ER PT J AU Battinelli, E Willoughby, SR Foxall, T Valeri, CR Loscalzo, J AF Battinelli, E Willoughby, SR Foxall, T Valeri, CR Loscalzo, J TI Induction of platelet formation from megakaryocytoid cells by nitric oxide SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE thrombopoiesis; apoptosis; guanylyl cyclase ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NF-E2; BONE-MARROW; PROPLATELET FORMATION; IN-VIVO; THROMBOPOIETIN; APOPTOSIS; GROWTH; MICE; RATS AB Although the growth factors that regulate megakaryocytopoiesis are well known, the molecular determinants of platelet formation from mature megakaryocytes remain poorly understood. Morphological changes in megakaryocytes associated with platelet formation and removal of senescent megakaryocytes are suggestive of an apoptotic process. Previously, we have established that nitric oxide (NO) can induce apoptosis in megakaryocytoid cell lines. To determine whether there is an association between NO-induced apoptosis and platelet production, we exposed Meg-01 cells to S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) with or without thrombopoeitin (TPO) pretreatment and used flow cytometry and electron microscopy to assess platelet-sized particle formation. Meg-01 cells treated with TPO alone produced few platelet-sized particles (<3% of total counts), whereas treatment with GSNO alone produced a significant percentage of platelet-sized particles (22 +/- 4% of total counts); when combined with TPO pretreatment, however, GSNO led to a marked increase in platelet-sized particle production (48 +/- 3% of total counts). Electron microscopy confirmed that Meg-01 cells treated with TPO and GSNO yielded platelet-sized particles with morphological features specific for platelet forms. The platelet-sized particle population appears to be functional, because addition of calcium, fibrinogen, and thrombin receptor-activating peptide led to aggregation. These results demonstrate that NO facilitates platelet production, thereby establishing the essential role of NO in megakaryocyte development and thrombopoiesis. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Whitaker Cardiovasc Inst, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Evans Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Anim & Nutr Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Loscalzo, J (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Whitaker Cardiovasc Inst, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL48743, P50 HL055993, HL61795, R01 HL058976, R37 HL061795, R01 HL061795, P01 HL048743, HL58976, HL55993] NR 20 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 4 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 25 BP 14458 EP 14463 DI 10.1073/pnas.241427398 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 499NH UT WOS:000172576900050 PM 11734646 ER PT J AU Wright, SF AF Wright, SF TI Back to work SO ABA JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN Reserve, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Arlington, VA USA. RP Wright, SF (reprint author), USN Reserve, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER BAR ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 750 N LAKE SHORE DR, ATTN:ORDER FULFILLMENT, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0747-0088 J9 ABA J JI ABA J. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 87 BP 56 EP 57 PG 2 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 501LQ UT WOS:000172686500029 ER PT J AU Kostoff, R AF Kostoff, R TI The extraction of useful information from the biomedical literature SO ACADEMIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY; SCIENCE; BIBLIOMETRICS AB Modem information technology provides the biomedical professional with powerful tools and processes for extracting useful information from large volumes of text. Presently, little use is made of the full capabilities of these tools to supplement research and teaching. This article gives an overview of these tools and processes, and shows the diversity of ways they can be applied to enhance the capabilities of biomedical professionals. The article defines information technology terms, presents the requirements for extracting high-quality information, describes some available techniques for extracting information, and summarizes myriad information-extract ion applications. While the biomedical researcher or teacher can gain substantial benefits by using effective information-extraction techniques, substantial time and effort and technical expertise are required to generate a credible high-quality product, that is, the information needed. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, R (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-2446 J9 ACAD MED JI Acad. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 76 IS 12 BP 1265 EP 1270 DI 10.1097/00001888-200112000-00025 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 503KM UT WOS:000172797700022 PM 11739057 ER PT J AU Flippen-Anderson, JL Axenrod, T Qi, LD Gilardi, RD AF Flippen-Anderson, JL Axenrod, T Qi, LD Gilardi, RD TI 1,5-Di-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-7-methylene-1-azonia-5-azacyclooctane iodide SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article C1 USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Flippen-Anderson, JL (reprint author), USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD DEC PY 2001 VL 57 BP O1147 EP O1148 DI 10.1107/S1600536801018190 PN 12 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 497RP UT WOS:000172469500032 ER PT J AU Gilardi, RD Axenrod, T Sun, JG Flippen-Anderson, JL AF Gilardi, RD Axenrod, T Sun, JG Flippen-Anderson, JL TI 5,5-Dihydroxy-1,3-dipropionyl-1,3-diazacyclohexane SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article C1 USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Flippen-Anderson, JL (reprint author), USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD DEC PY 2001 VL 57 BP O1183 EP O1184 DI 10.1107/S1600536801019006 PN 12 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 497RP UT WOS:000172469500047 ER PT J AU Gilardi, RD Axenrod, T Guan, XP Flippen-Anderson, JL AF Gilardi, RD Axenrod, T Guan, XP Flippen-Anderson, JL TI 1,5-Diacetyl-7,7-dinitro-1,5-diazacyclooctan-3-one ethylene acetal SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article C1 USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Flippen-Anderson, JL (reprint author), USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD DEC PY 2001 VL 57 BP O1185 EP O1186 DI 10.1107/S1600536801019018 PN 12 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 497RP UT WOS:000172469500048 ER PT J AU Lucke, RL AF Lucke, RL TI The relation between physical and computer-generated point spread functions and optical transfer functions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A review of how a point spread function and an optical transfer function are derived from the exit pupil function of an imaging system is given and the relation between computer-generated functions and their physical counterparts is developed in detail. Useful normalizations and integral relations are presented. (C) 2001 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lucke, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7218, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 69 IS 12 BP 1237 EP 1244 DI 10.1119/1.1405507 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 496TA UT WOS:000172411500004 ER PT J AU Barker, TL Richards, AL Laksono, E Sanchez, JL Feighner, BH McBride, WZ Rubertone, MV Hyams, KC AF Barker, TL Richards, AL Laksono, E Sanchez, JL Feighner, BH McBride, WZ Rubertone, MV Hyams, KC TI Serosurvey of Borrelia burgdorferi infection among US military personnel: A low risk of infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ARMY SOLDIERS KNOWLEDGE; LYME-DISEASE; PROTECTION MEASURES AB A serosurvey of 9,673 United States military personnel was conducted to estimate infection rates with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, which is the cause of Lyme disease in the United States. Initial screening of sera from 9,673 military personnel on active duty in 1997 was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); supplemental testing of all ELISA-positive sera was performed by Western blot. Initial screening identified 1,594 (16.5%) ELISA-positive samples, but only 12 (0.12%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05-0.19%) were confirmed by Western blot. Antecedent serum samples collected from 1988 to 1996 were available for 7,368 (76%) subjects, accounting for 34,020 person-years of observation. Just two of the nine Western blot-positive individuals for whom antecedent samples were available seroconverted during military service for an annual incidence rate of six seroconversions per 100,000 persons (95% CI = 0.7-21.5). The risk of Lyme disease in the U.S. military population was found to be low. Although there may be sub-groups of military personnel who could potentially benefit from vaccination, force-wide use of the Lyme disease vaccine is not warranted. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ New Haven, Dept Cellular & Mol Biol, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Unit 3800, Lima, Peru. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Performance Evaluat & Improvement, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Army Med Surveillance Act, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Barker, TL (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 65 IS 6 BP 804 EP 809 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 508YJ UT WOS:000173117100025 PM 11791978 ER PT J AU Walker, JA Westneat, MW Sandberg, WC Ramamurti, R Rosenberger, L AF Walker, JA Westneat, MW Sandberg, WC Ramamurti, R Rosenberger, L TI Kinematics, dynamics, energetics, performance, and ecomorphology of rowing and flapping propulsion. SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ So Maine, Portland, ME 04103 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Wittenberg Univ, Springfield, OH 45501 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1618 EP 1619 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 529NX UT WOS:000174306500816 ER PT J AU Novak, JP Nickerson, C Franzen, S Feldheim, DL AF Novak, JP Nickerson, C Franzen, S Feldheim, DL TI Purification of molecularly bridged metal nanoparticle arrays by centrifugation and size exclusion chromatography SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GOLD AB Size exclusion chromatography and centrifugation separation protocols were developed and compared for isolating enriched fractions of phenylethynyl-bridged metal nanoparticle dimers and trimers from the monomeric particle starting material. Both methods enabled the isolation of enriched fractions of a desired array without causing significant sample aggregation or replacement of the phenylethynyl bridge. Solutions containing ca. 70% bridged gold dimers were obtained using either method. The further development of methods for separating discrete arrays of covalently bridged nanoparticle homo and hetero structures is expected to help advance our understanding of collective metal particle electronic structure-function relationships. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Feldheim, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 23 BP 5758 EP 5761 DI 10.1021/ac010812t PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 498YM UT WOS:000172541200032 PM 11774918 ER PT J AU Schoeler, GB Wikel, SK AF Schoeler, GB Wikel, SK TI Modulation of host immunity by haematophagous arthropods SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SALIVARY-GLAND EXTRACTS; IXODES-RICINUS TICKS; DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI ACARI; HISTAMINE-BINDING PROTEINS; FLY LUTZOMYIA-LONGIPALPIS; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; LYMPH-NODE CELLS AB The medical and veterinary public-health importance of haematophagous arthropods is immense and continuing to increase because of the emergence of new vector-borne infectious agents and the resurgence of well known ones. Control of blood-feeding arthropods and the pathogens they transmit is compounded by drug, insecticide and acaricide resistance. Novel control strategies are needed. Immunological control is one very promising approach to these problems. In order to develop anti-arthropod vaccines that block pathogen transmission and establishment, the immunological interactions occurring at the interface of the blood-feeding arthropod and host must be characterized. An important component of these interactions is arthropod modulation of the host's innate and acquired, specific immune defences. This review discusses current knowledge regarding the ability of haematophagous arthropods to alter their hosts' immune defences, the impact of those changes on pathogen transmission, the molecular bases for the immunomodulation, and strategies for identification of the molecules in arthropod saliva that are responsible for the immunomodulation. C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Sch Med, Dept Physiol,Ctr Microbial Pathogenesis, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Dept Entomol, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. RP Wikel, SK (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Sch Med, Dept Physiol,Ctr Microbial Pathogenesis, 263 Farmington Ave,MC 3710, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI46676]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU119575, U50/CCU614673] NR 127 TC 70 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 12 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 95 IS 8 BP 755 EP 771 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 499NX UT WOS:000172578200002 PM 11784430 ER PT J AU Rice, JK Ewell, M AF Rice, JK Ewell, M TI Examination of peak power dependence in the UV inactivation of bacterial spores SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID-SOLUBLE PROTEINS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS SPORES; BETA-TYPE SMALL; THYMINE DIMERS; DNA; IRRADIATION; PHOTOPRODUCT; RADIATION; SURFACES; INVITRO AB We examine whether the rate of delivery of photons from a UV radiation source has an effect on the inactivation of spores. We directly compare the output of a high-peak-power UV laser source at 248 nm to a low-power continuous lamp source (254 nm) in the inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores. The two UV sources differ by a factor of 10(8) in peak power. Contrary to previous reports, no clear differences in spore survival were observed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Rice, JK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rice@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 67 IS 12 BP 5830 EP 5832 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.12.5830-5832.2001 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 497JM UT WOS:000172451800063 PM 11722941 ER PT J AU Hunter, WR Kowalski, MP Rife, JC Cruddace, RG AF Hunter, WR Kowalski, MP Rife, JC Cruddace, RG TI Investigation of the properties of an ion-etched plane laminar holographic grating SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID WAVELENGTH REGION; X-RAY; EFFICIENCY; RANGE AB We have measured the efficiency over the range 125-225 Angstrom of a bare ion-etched plane laminar holographic grating made of fused silica, and with 1000 grooves/mm. The measured efficiency of each order oscillates with wavelength because of constructive and destructive interference between radiation diffracted from the lands and the grooves. We measured the grating groove profile with an atomic force microscope, and the resulting groove depth of 434 +/- 6 Angstrom agrees well with the values determined independently from the oscillatory behavior of the efficiency, measurements. Grating efficiency in the +1 order peaked at values of 0.027%, 0.011%, and 0.005% at wavelengths of 191,157, and 132 Angstrom, respectively; and the derived groove efficiencies are 27%, 25%, and 27%. The irregular shape at the land-groove edges dominates the large grating roughness of 23-45-Angstrom rms, but even regions far from the edges have a roughness of 10-18-Angstrom rms. The average groove profile was used to model the grating efficiency, and the resulting wavelengths predicted for different order maxima and minima agree well with measured wavelengths, although the calculated efficiencies are greater than the measured results by 10-20%. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hunter, WR (reprint author), SFA Inc, 1401 McCormick Dr, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM kowalski@xip.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 34 BP 6157 EP 6165 DI 10.1364/AO.40.006157 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 501YE UT WOS:000172713000002 PM 18364915 ER PT J AU Meier, SR AF Meier, SR TI Reflectance and scattering properties of highly absorbing black appliques over a broadband spectral region SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB I present angle-dependent directional hemispherical reflectance (DHR) and bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurements of three highly absorbing black appliques in the 250-2000-nm broadband spectral region. DHR measurements of Energy Science Laboratories, Inc. (ESLI), Rippey, and Rodel appliques were obtained at incidence angles of 8 degrees, 50 degrees, and 70 degrees, For an incidence angle of 8 degrees, the ESLI applique exhibited the lowest DHR value of 0.3% across this entire spectral region, whereas the Rippey and Rodel had DHR values of 1.5% and 2.0-2.5%, respectively. In-plane BRDF measurements of the appliques, obtained at a wavelength of 633 nm and incidence angle of 10 degrees, yielded Lambertian profiles from -80 degrees to +80 degrees with values ranging from 10 (3)sr(-1) for the ESLI, 6 X 10 (3)sr(-1) for the Rippey, and 9 X 10(-3) sr(-1) for the Rodel applique. In addition, rms surface roughness and correlation lengths for the Rippey and the Rodel appliques were determined, The in-plane BRDF data were used to estimate the reflected specular component from Beckmann's scattering theory, and excellent agreement was found. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meier, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5650,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM meier@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 34 BP 6260 EP 6264 DI 10.1364/AO.40.006260 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 501YE UT WOS:000172713000018 PM 18364931 ER PT J AU Hart, SJ Jones, PJ AF Hart, SJ Jones, PJ TI Fiber-optic quantum counter probe for incident excitation energy correction in fluorescence measurements SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE laser-induced fluorescence; optical fiber; power normalization; intensity correction; quantum counter; fiber-optic probe; fiber damage; solarization ID CHEMICAL SENSORS; REMOTE; SPECTROSCOPY; CURE AB Excitation-power correction of fluorescence spectra is essential for meaningful interpretation of analytical data. In particular, fluorescence measurements obtained using optical fibers require special consideration due to the possibility of variations In the light intensity delivered to the sample or the incident excitation energy. A quantum counting fiber-optic probe has been developed to simultaneously and independently collect fluorescence spectra of both analytes and a quantum counter. The probe consists of excitation and emission fibers angled to maximize distal cone overlap and a third fiber positioned at a greater angle to allow excitation of rhodamine B, which is affixed to its distal end with a polymer. The fluorescence of the quantum counter affixed to the fiber was linear with incident 266 nm excitation energy over the measured range 1.2 x 10(14) photons per exposure to 1.2 x 10(15) photons per exposure at 266 nm. The corrected fluorescence signals were Immune to adverse condition experiments such as laser power reduction and launch fiber-laser beam misalignment, while the uncorrected signals suffered greatly. The concentration calibration generated using the fiber-optic quantum counter method showed an improvement in the correlation coefficient, r(2) = 0.950, compared with the calibration generated using uncorrected data, r(2) = 0.906. Different types of adverse conditions were tested including power attenuation, power increase, and fiber launch misalignment; the prediction errors were between -87% and 366% for the uncorrected data compared with prediction errors between -9% and 15% when using the fiber-optic quantum counter method. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hart, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6116,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 55 IS 12 BP 1717 EP 1724 DI 10.1366/0003702011954071 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 509WD UT WOS:000173172000029 ER PT J AU Jackson, MD Pratt, L Lawson, P AF Jackson, MD Pratt, L Lawson, P TI Asymptomatic papules on a child - Perforating granuloma annulate (PGA). SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Jackson, MD (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 137 IS 12 BP 1648 EP + PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 503HH UT WOS:000172792700016 ER PT J AU Henderson, DR AF Henderson, DR TI The costs of war: America's pyrrhic victories, 2nd edition. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Henderson, DR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 27 IS 2 BP 297 EP 300 DI 10.1177/0095327X0102700208 PG 4 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 421GT UT WOS:000168057200009 ER PT J AU Banfield, JF Moreau, JW Chan, CS Welch, SA Little, B AF Banfield, Jillian F. Moreau, John W. Chan, Clara S. Welch, Susan A. Little, Brenda TI Mineralogical Biosignatures and the Search for Life on Mars SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mars; Microorganisms; Biosignatures; Minerals AB If life ever existed, or still exists, on Mars, its record is likely to be found in minerals formed by, or in association with, microorganisms. An important concept regarding interpretation of the mineralogical record for evidence of life is that, broadly defined, life perturbs disequilibria that arise due to kinetic barriers and can impart unexpected structure to an abiotic system. Many features of minerals and mineral assemblages may serve as biosignatures even if life does not have a familiar terrestrial chemical basis. Biological impacts on minerals and mineral assemblages may be direct or indirect. Crystalline or amorphous biominerals, an important category of mineralogical biosignatures, precipitate under direct cellular control as part of the life cycle of the organism (shells, tests, phytoliths) or indirectly when cell surface layers provide sites for heterogeneous nucleation. Biominerals also form indirectly as byproducts of metabolism due to changing mineral solubility. Mineralogical biosignatures include distinctive mineral surface structures or chemistry that arise when dissolution and/or crystal growth kinetics are influenced by metabolic by-products. Mineral assemblages themselves may be diagnostic of the prior activity of organisms where barriers to precipitation or dissolution of specific phases have been overcome. Critical to resolving the question of whether life exists, or existed, on Mars is knowing how to distinguish biologically induced structure and organization patterns from inorganic phenomena and inorganic self-organization. This task assumes special significance when it is acknowledged that the majority of, and perhaps the only, material to be returned from Mars will be mineralogical. C1 [Banfield, Jillian F.; Moreau, John W.; Chan, Clara S.; Welch, Susan A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Little, Brenda] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Banfield, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 369 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jill@seismo.berkeley.edu RI Chan, Clara/B-6420-2011; OI Chan, Clara/0000-0003-1810-4994; Moreau, John W/0000-0002-5997-522X FU NASA; NASA Astrobiology Institute (JPL); Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences Program; National Science Foundation (EAR) FX This paper was developed following a NASA-sponsored workshop on biosignatures held in San Diego, CA, in 2000 and organized by John Kerridge. Patricia Dove is thanked for providing Fig. 1, and John Kerridge and David McKay are thanked for their contributions to discussions. Funding to support the collection of original data included in this article was provided by the NASA Astrobiology Institute (JPL), the Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences Program, and the National Science Foundation (EAR). NR 101 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 23 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 EI 1557-8070 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD DEC PY 2001 VL 1 IS 4 BP 447 EP 465 DI 10.1089/153110701753593856 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA V38SN UT WOS:000209363200003 PM 12448978 ER PT J AU Fan, XH Narayanan, VK Lupton, RH Strauss, MA Knapp, GR Becker, RH White, RL Pentericci, L Leggett, SK Haiman, Z Gunn, JE Ivezic, Z Schneider, DP Anderson, SF Brinkmann, J Bahcall, NA Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Geballe, T Grebel, EK Harbeck, D Hennessy, G Lamb, DQ Miknaitis, G Munn, JA Nichol, R Okamura, S Pier, JR Prada, F Richards, GT Szalay, A York, DG AF Fan, XH Narayanan, VK Lupton, RH Strauss, MA Knapp, GR Becker, RH White, RL Pentericci, L Leggett, SK Haiman, Z Gunn, JE Ivezic, Z Schneider, DP Anderson, SF Brinkmann, J Bahcall, NA Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Geballe, T Grebel, EK Harbeck, D Hennessy, G Lamb, DQ Miknaitis, G Munn, JA Nichol, R Okamura, S Pier, JR Prada, F Richards, GT Szalay, A York, DG TI A survey of z > 5.8 quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. Discovery of three new quasars and the spatial density of luminous quasars at z similar to 6 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE intergalactic medium; quasars : absorption lines; quasars : emission lines; quasars : general ID SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; FALL EQUATORIAL STRIPE; HOBBY-EBERLY TELESCOPE; GUNN-PETERSON TROUGH; COSMOLOGICAL REIONIZATION; INTERGALACTIC SPACE; STELLAR OBJECTS; IMAGING DATA AB We present the results from a survey of i-dropout objects selected from similar to 1550 deg(2) of multicolor imaging data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to search for luminous quasars at z greater than or similar to 5.8. Objects with i*-z* > 2.2 and z* < 20.2 are selected, and follow-up J-band photometry is used to separate L- and T-type cool dwarfs from high-redshift quasars. We describe the discovery of three new quasars, SDSSp J083643.85+005453.3 (z = 5.82), J130608.26+035626.3 (z = 5.99), and J103027.10+052455.0 (z = 6.28). The quasar SDSSp J083643.85+005453.3 is a radio source with flux of 1.1 mJy at 20 cm. The spectra of all three quasars show strong and broad Ly+N v emission lines and very strong Ly alpha forest absorption, with a mean continuum decrement D(A) > 0.90. The ARC 3.5 m spectrum of SDSSp J103027.10+052455.0 shows that over a range of similar to 300 Angstrom immediately blueward of the Ly alpha emission, the average transmitted flux is only 0.003 +/- 0.020 times that of the continuum level, consistent with zero flux over a similar to 300 Angstrom range of the Ly alpha forest region and suggesting a tentative detection of the complete Gunn-Peterson trough. The existence of strong metal lines in the quasar spectra suggests early metal enrichment in the quasar environment. The three new objects, together with the previously published z = 5.8 quasar SDSSp J104433.04-012502.2, form a complete color-selected flux-limited sample at z greater than or similar to 5.8. We estimate the selection function of this sample, taking into account the estimated variations in the quasar spectral energy distribution, as well as observational photometric errors. We find that at z = 6, the comoving density of luminous quasars at M(1450) < -26.8 (H(0) = 50 km s(-1) Mpc(-1), = 1) is 1.1 x 10(-9) Mpc(-3). This is a factor of similar to2 lower than that at z similar to 5 and is consistent with an extrapolation of the observed quasar evolution at z < 5. Using the current sample, we discuss the constraint on the shape of the quasar luminosity function and the implications for the contribution of quasars to the ionizing background at z 6. The luminous quasars discussed in the paper have central black hole masses of several times 10(9) M. by the Eddington argument, with likely dark halo masses on the order of 10(13) M. Their observed space density provides a sensitive test of models of quasar and galaxy formation at high redshift. C1 Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69171 Heidelberg, Germany. Joint Astron Ctr, United Kingdom Infrared Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Midori Ku, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ctr Astron Hispano Aleman, E-04004 ALmeria, Spain. RP Fan, XH (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012 NR 74 TC 616 Z9 618 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 122 IS 6 BP 2833 EP 2849 DI 10.1086/324111 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 505TT UT WOS:000172932200003 ER PT J AU Becker, RH Fan, XH White, RL Strauss, MA Narayanan, VK Lupton, RH Gunn, JE Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Czarapata, PC Doi, M Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ McKay, TA Munn, JA Nash, T Nichol, R Pier, JR Richards, GT Schneider, DP Stoughton, C Szalay, AS Thakar, AR York, DG AF Becker, RH Fan, XH White, RL Strauss, MA Narayanan, VK Lupton, RH Gunn, JE Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Czarapata, PC Doi, M Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ McKay, TA Munn, JA Nash, T Nichol, R Pier, JR Richards, GT Schneider, DP Stoughton, C Szalay, AS Thakar, AR York, DG TI Evidence for reionization at z similar to 6: Detection of a Gunn-Peterson trough in a z=6.28 quasar SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : formation; quasars : absorption lines; quasars : general ID LY-ALPHA FOREST; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; INTERGALACTIC SPACE; REDSHIFT QUASARS; EVOLUTION; DENSITY; HYDROGEN; SPECTRA; FLUX AB We present moderate-resolution Keck spectroscopy of quasars at z = 5.82, 5.99, and 6.28, discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We find that the Ly alpha absorption in the spectra of these quasars evolves strongly with redshift. To z similar to 5.7, the Ly alpha absorption evolves as expected from an extrapolation from lower redshifts. However, in the highest-redshift object, SDSSp J103027.10+052455.0 (z = 6.28), the average transmitted flux is 0.0038 +/- 0.0026 times that of the continuum level over 8450 Angstrom < < 8710 (5.95 < z(abs) < 6.16), consistent with zero flux. Thus the flux level drops by a factor of greater than 150 and is consistent with zero flux in the Ly alpha forest region immediately blueward of the Ly alpha emission line, compared with a drop by a factor of similar to 10 at z(abs) similar to 5.3. A similar break is seen at Ly beta; because of the decreased oscillator strength of this transition, this allows us to put a considerably stronger limit, tau (eff) > 20, on the optical depth to Ly alpha absorption at z = 6. This is a clear detection of a complete Gunn-Peterson trough, caused by neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium. Even a small neutral hydrogen fraction in the intergalactic medium would result in an undetectable flux in the Ly alpha forest region. Therefore, the existence of the Gunn-Peterson trough by itself does not indicate that the quasar is observed prior to the reionization epoch. However, the fast evolution of the mean absorption in these high-redshift quasars suggests that the mean ionizing background along the line of sight to this quasar has declined significantly from z similar to 5 to 6, and the universe is approaching the reionization epoch at z similar to 6. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009 OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150 NR 32 TC 671 Z9 673 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 122 IS 6 BP 2850 EP 2857 DI 10.1086/324231 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 505TT UT WOS:000172932200004 ER PT J AU Mason, BD Wycoff, GL Hartkopf, WI Douglass, GG Worley, CE AF Mason, BD Wycoff, GL Hartkopf, WI Douglass, GG Worley, CE TI The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. I. The Washington Double Star Catalog SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; binaries : visual; catalogs ID SPECKLE AB The Washington Double Star Catalog (WDS), maintained by the US Naval Observatory, is the world's principal database of astrometric double and multiple star information. The WDS contains positions (J2000), discoverer designations, epochs, position angles, separations, magnitudes, spectral types, proper motions, and, when available, Durchmusterung numbers and notes for the components of 84,486 systems based on 563,326 means. The current version, available on-line, is updated nightly. This catalog is one of four USNO double star catalogs to be included on a new CD-ROM. A brief summary and statistical analysis of the contents of the catalog are presented. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 25 TC 364 Z9 372 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 122 IS 6 BP 3466 EP 3471 DI 10.1086/323920 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 505TT UT WOS:000172932200047 ER PT J AU Hartkopf, WI Mason, BD Worley, CE AF Hartkopf, WI Mason, BD Worley, CE TI The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. II. The Fifth Catalog of Orbits of Visual Binary Stars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; binaries : visual; catalogs ID ICCD SPECKLE OBSERVATIONS; INTERFEROMETER; TELESCOPE AB The Fifth Catalog of Orbits of Visual Binary Stars continues the series of compilations of visual binary star orbits published by Finsen, Worley, and Heintz from the 1930s to the 1980s. As of 2001 January 1, the new catalog includes 1465 orbits of 1430 systems. All orbits have been graded as in earlier catalogs, although the grading scheme has been modified to be more objective. Ephemerides are given for all orbits, as are plots including all associated data in the Washington Double Star 2001.0 database. A subset of orbits useful for scale calibration is also presented. This catalog is one of four USNO double star catalogs to be included on a new CD-ROM. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Hartkopf, WI (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 17 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 122 IS 6 BP 3472 EP 3479 DI 10.1086/323921 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 505TT UT WOS:000172932200048 ER PT J AU Hartkopf, WI McAlister, HA Mason, BD AF Hartkopf, WI McAlister, HA Mason, BD TI The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. III. The Third Catalog of Interferometric Measurements of Binary Stars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; binaries : visual; catalogs; techniques : interferometric ID SPECKLE OBSERVATIONS; TELESCOPE AB The Third Catalog of Interferometric Measurements of Binary Stars includes all published measures of binary and multiple star systems obtained by high-resolution techniques (speckle interferometry, photoelectric occultation timings, etc.), as well as negative examinations for duplicity, as of 2001 January 1. This catalog is one of four USNO double star catalogs to be included on a new CD-ROM. A brief summary and statistical analysis of the contents of the catalog are presented. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Hartkopf, WI (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 8 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 122 IS 6 BP 3480 EP 3481 DI 10.1086/323923 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 505TT UT WOS:000172932200049 ER PT J AU Worley, CE Mason, BD Wycoff, GL AF Worley, CE Mason, BD Wycoff, GL TI The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. IV. The Photometric Magnitude Difference Catalog SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; binaries : visual; catalogs ID LUNAR OCCULTATION SYSTEMS; ICCD SPECKLE OBSERVATIONS; ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEM; BINARY STARS AB The Photometric Magnitude Difference Catalog, maintained at the US Naval Observatory, is a collection of magnitude-difference measures for double stars and serves as a repository for double star observations where no astrometry is given. At the present time, it consists of 19,594 measures of 10,475 systems with a mean Deltam of 1.90. Because of the nonuniformity of filters and the possible variability of one or more components in a system, no "WDS-like" summary line is provided. Rather, all the data are presented and their interpretation is left as an "exercise for the reader." This catalog is one of four USNO double star catalogs to be included on a new CD-ROM. A brief summary and statistical analysis of the contents of the catalog are presented. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 122 IS 6 BP 3482 EP 3484 DI 10.1086/323924 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 505TT UT WOS:000172932200050 ER PT J AU Weiler, KW Panagia, N Montes, MJ AF Weiler, KW Panagia, N Montes, MJ TI SN 1998bw/GRB 980425 and radio supernovae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; radio continuum : ISM; supernovae : individual (SN 1998bw); supernova remnants ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; 25 APRIL 1998; RAPID PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION; ERROR BOX; MASS-LOSS; EMISSION; GRB-980425 AB The unusual supernova SN 1998bw, which is thought to be related to the gamma-ray burster GRB 980425, is a possible link between these two classes of objects. Analyzing the extensive radio emission data available for SN 1998bw, we are able to describe its time evolution within the well-established framework available for the analysis of radio emission from supernovae. This then allows description of a number of physical properties of the object. The radio emission can be best explained as the interaction of a mildly relativistic (Gamma similar to 1.6) shock with a dense, preexplosion stellar wind-established circumstellar medium that is highly structured both azimuthally, in clumps or filaments, and radially, with two observed density enhancements separated by similar to3 x 10(17) cm. With assumptions as to preexplosion stellar wind conditions, it is possible to estimate that the progenitor to SN 1998bw had a mass-loss rate of similar to2.6 x 10(-5) M. yr(-1) with at least two similar to 40% density increases, the most recent extending from similar to 1600 to 4700 yr before explosion and the oldest known having occurred, possibly with comparable length, similar to 12,000 yr before explosion. Because of its unusual characteristics for a Type Ib/c supernova, the relation of SN 1998bw to GRB 980425 is strengthened, consequently improving our understanding of these poorly understood objects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. European Space Agcy, Dept Space Sci, Div Astrophys, F-75738 Paris, France. RP Weiler, KW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 55 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 2 BP 670 EP 678 DI 10.1086/322359 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LL UT WOS:000172572600011 ER PT J AU Krall, J Chen, J Duffin, RT Howard, RA Thompson, BJ AF Krall, J Chen, J Duffin, RT Howard, RA Thompson, BJ TI Erupting solar magnetic flux ropes: Theory and observation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : prominences ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; ACTIVE REGIONS; CLOUDS; MODEL; LASCO; EVOLUTION; FLARES; PLASMA; EIT AB Measurements of coronograph (LASCO) and extreme-ultraviolet (EIT) images are presented for 11 coronal mass ejection (CME) events. Detailed measurements of these events, selected because they have flux-rope-like morphological features, show excellent agreement with results from a theoretical model of erupting flux-rope dynamics. Here, data are used to provide inputs and constraints on the model wherever possible. We conclude that flux rope CMEs constitute a distinct class of CMEs, characterized by specific morphological and dynamical properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Krall, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 55 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 2 BP 1045 EP 1057 DI 10.1086/323844 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LL UT WOS:000172572600042 ER PT J AU Burleigh, MC Markowitz, MA Wong, EM Lin, JS Gaber, BP AF Burleigh, MC Markowitz, MA Wong, EM Lin, JS Gaber, BP TI Synthesis of periodic mesoporous organosilicas with block copolymer templates SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC GROUPS; CHANNEL WALLS; FRAMEWORKS; SILICA AB Large pore periodic mesoporous organosilicas have been synthesized using a triblock copolymer template. Organosilicas with pore sizes ranging from 6-20 mn have been prepared under acidic conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 13 IS 12 BP 4411 EP + DI 10.1021/cm010852d PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 505AT UT WOS:000172889300006 ER PT J AU Burleigh, MC Markowitz, MA Spector, MS Gaber, BP AF Burleigh, MC Markowitz, MA Spector, MS Gaber, BP TI Amine-functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilicas SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CO-CONDENSATION; ORGANIC GROUPS; CHANNEL WALLS; SILICA; SIEVES; MESOPHASES; PRECURSORS; FRAMEWORKS; CHEMISTRY AB Ordered mesoporous materials have been synthesized by co-condensation of bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane and N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AAPTS) under basic conditions with supramolecular templates of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride as structure-directing agents. Incorporation of the templates into the mesoscopic composite was followed by surfactant extraction to form periodic mesoporous organosilicas. These materials have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen gas sorption, metal ion adsorption, elemental analysis, and high resolution thermogravimetric analysis. The effects of AAPTS concentration in the initial solutions on the chemical and structural properties of the final products are examined. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 13 IS 12 BP 4760 EP 4766 DI 10.1021/cm0105763 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 505AT UT WOS:000172889300056 ER PT J AU Latif, M Sperber, K Arblaster, J Braconnot, P Chen, D Colman, A Cubasch, U Cooper, C Delecluse, P DeWitt, D Fairhead, L Flato, G Hogan, T Ji, M Kimoto, M Kitoh, A Knutson, T Le Treut, H Li, T Manabe, S Marti, O Mechoso, C Meehl, G Power, S Roeckner, E Sirven, J Terray, L Vintzileos, A Voss, R Wang, B Washington, W Yoshikawa, I Yu, J Zebiak, S AF Latif, M Sperber, K Arblaster, J Braconnot, P Chen, D Colman, A Cubasch, U Cooper, C Delecluse, P DeWitt, D Fairhead, L Flato, G Hogan, T Ji, M Kimoto, M Kitoh, A Knutson, T Le Treut, H Li, T Manabe, S Marti, O Mechoso, C Meehl, G Power, S Roeckner, E Sirven, J Terray, L Vintzileos, A Voss, R Wang, B Washington, W Yoshikawa, I Yu, J Zebiak, S TI ENSIP: the El Nino simulation intercomparison project SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; COUPLED GCM ECHO-2; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SEASONAL CYCLE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; PART II; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL OCEAN AB An ensemble of twenty four coupled ocean-atmosphere models has been compared with respect to their performance in the tropical Pacific. The coupled models span a large portion of the parameter space and differ in many respects. The intercomparison includes TOGA (Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere)-type models consisting of high-resolution tropical ocean models and coarse-resolution global atmosphere models, coarse-resolution global coupled models, and a few global coupled models with high resolution in the equatorial region in their ocean components. The performance of the annual mean state, the seasonal cycle and the interannual variability are investigated. The primary quantity analysed is sea surface temperature (SST). Additionally, the evolution of interannual heat content variations in the tropical Pacific and the relationship between the interannual SST variations in the equatorial Pacific to fluctuations in the strength of the Indian summer monsoon are investigated. The results can be summarised as follows: almost all models (even those employing flux corrections) still have problems in simulating the SST climatology, although some improvements are found relative to earlier intercomparison studies. Only a few of the coupled models simulate the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in terms of gross equatorial SST anomalies realistically. In particular, many models overestimate the variability in the western equatorial Pacific and underestimate the SST variability in the east. The evolution of interannual heat content variations is similar to that observed in almost all models. Finally, the majority of the models show a strong connection between ENSO and the strength of the Indian summer monsoon. C1 Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. LLNL, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. Lab Modelisat Climat Environm, Saclay, France. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. UK Meteorol Off, Bracknell, Berks, England. Deutsch Kilmarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany. IPSL, LODYC, Paris, France. Ctr Ocean Land Atmospher Studies, Calverton, MD USA. Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. Ctr Climate Syst Res, Tokyo, Japan. Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Earth Frontier Res Syst, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. CERFACS, Toulouse, France. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. RP Latif, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, Hamburg, Germany. RI Marti, Olivier/B-2378-2009; Yu, Jin-Yi/G-3413-2011; kimoto, masahide/P-9077-2014; Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012; Flato, Gregory/K-6711-2015; Arblaster, Julie/C-1342-2010; Latif, Mojib/C-2428-2016; Chen, Dake/E-7082-2011; Terray, Laurent/B-8056-2008 OI Yu, Jin-Yi/0000-0001-6156-7623; Arblaster, Julie/0000-0002-4287-2363; Latif, Mojib/0000-0003-1079-5604; Terray, Laurent/0000-0001-5512-7074 NR 69 TC 188 Z9 205 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 255 EP 276 DI 10.1007/s003820100174 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 508QE UT WOS:000173099400007 ER PT J AU Holland, KT Puleo, JA Kooney, TN AF Holland, KT Puleo, JA Kooney, TN TI Quantification of swash flows using video-based particle image velocimetry SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE swash; remote sensing; video; velocity ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; CROSS-CORRELATION TECHNIQUE; BREAKING WAVE; ZONE; VELOCITY; FIELD; KINEMATICS; SUSPENSION; BEACH; PIV AB Understanding of fluid flows and sediment transport in the foreshore has been severely hampered by the difficulty of obtaining swash flow velocity measurements in this dynamic and extremely shallow region. We present a digital imaging method, known as particle image velocimetry (PIV), to quantify the horizontal flow structure of swash. This technique exploits similar patterns of image intensity in multiple images sampled sequentially to identify spatial offsets corresponding with maximum correlations between image subregions. These offsets are used in conjunction with the sampling interval to derive velocity vectors describing the horizontal flow structure. Pre-processing methods to geo-rectify oblique imagery to a planar surface and post-processing methods of correcting spurious vectors are described. The PIV method overcomes many of the limitations of in situ sampling of swash flows and is shown consistent with results from a previously tested remote sensing technique for measuring swash edge velocities. In general, this technique provides a unique capability for spatially extensive and well-resolved quantification of swash flows. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Holland, KT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7440-3, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097 NR 31 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 44 IS 2 BP 65 EP 77 DI 10.1016/S0378-3839(01)00022-9 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 500NJ UT WOS:000172633400001 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB AF Johnson, WB TI To dispute or not to dispute: Ethical REBT with religious clients SO COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR-THERAPY; MENTAL-HEALTH; PSYCHOTHERAPY; VALUES AB Disputation of irrational beliefs is the most commonly utilized therapeutic strategy among therapists practicing from a Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) framework. Very little attention has been given to the unique ethical concerns that arise when REBT practitioners treat devoutly religious clients or clients presenting with uniquely religious problems. Ignoring client religious variables altogether or directly challenging and disputing specific religious beliefs both appear ethically problematic. This article offers a summary of the changing perspective on the compatibility of REBT and religion and an exploration of the ethics of disputing with religious clients. Finally, the author offers a preliminary model for both general and specialized use of disputational techniques with religious clients. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSOC ADV BEHAVIOR THERAPY PI NEW YORK PA 305 7TH AVE #16A, NEW YORK, NY 10001-6008 USA SN 1077-7229 J9 COGN BEHAV PRACT JI Cogn. Behav. Pract. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S1077-7229(01)80042-0 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 473UV UT WOS:000171067200006 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E TI Effect of ion implantation on the corrosion behavior of iron, stainless steels, and aluminum - A review SO CORROSION LA English DT Review DE aluminum; ion beam mixing; ion implantation; iron; localized corrosion; low-alloy steel; pitting; stainless steel ID CR-P ALLOYS; SURFACE MODIFICATION; STRESS-CORROSION; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; PITTING CORROSION; AQUEOUS CORROSION; BEARING STEEL; PURE IRON; HISTORICAL-PERSPECTIVE; TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR AB Ion implantation and its related processes are powerful techniques for modifying the surface composition and, accordingly, the surface properties of metals. Research on the effect of ion implantation on the corrosion behavior of metals has now been carried out for over thirty years. This paper reviews research done between the years 1985 and 2000 on the corrosion or electrochemical behavior of ion-implanted iron and low-alloy steels, stainless steels, and aluminum and its alloys. The effect of over thirty different implanted elements is reviewed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 172 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATL ASSOC CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 EI 1938-159X J9 CORROSION-US JI Corrosion PD DEC PY 2001 VL 57 IS 12 BP 1011 EP 1029 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 565FG UT WOS:000176358200001 ER PT J AU Coffin, RB Miyares, PH Kelley, CA Cifuentes, LA Reynolds, CM AF Coffin, RB Miyares, PH Kelley, CA Cifuentes, LA Reynolds, CM TI Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of TNT: Two-dimensional source identification SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE trinitrotoluene; fingerprinting; stable carbon isotopes; stable nitrogen isotopes; remediation ID C-13 C-12 RATIOS; BIODEGRADATION; HYDROCARBONS AB Data from a combination of laboratory and fieldwork is presented to initiate testing of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios to trace sources of TNT in contaminated soil and groundwater. Evaluation of these extraction methods resulted in 99.9 and 99.8% recovery of TNT with Soxhlet and solid-phase extraction (SPE), respectively. As a result of the high extraction efficiency, isotope fractionation did not occur, thus providing an accurate stable isotope value on TNT from laboratory and field samples. Subsequent experiments evaluated the stability of isotope signatures through incubations lasting up to four weeks with a 70% decline in the TNT concentration. During these experiments, no significant variation in stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios was measured. Five different sources of TNT, compared for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios, showed a range of 4.2 and 15 parts per thousand, respectively. This large range in the isotope ratios suggests excellent potential to trace sources in a complex environment. Finally, a site was surveyed for concentrations and isotope values of TNT extracted from groundwaters. Values from this site were substantially different relative to the variation measured on standards and in laboratory incubation experiments. The data set indicates good potential to use stable isotopes to determine TNT sources and fate in the environment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Environm Qual Sci Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USACRREL, Geochem Sci Div, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Coffin, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Environm Qual Sci Sect, Code 6115,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kelley, Cheryl/K-9392-2015 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 20 IS 12 BP 2676 EP 2680 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<2676:SCANIA>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 496WU UT WOS:000172420700004 PM 11764148 ER PT J AU Borca, CN Xu, B Komesu, T Jeong, HK Liu, MT Liou, SH Stadler, S Idzerda, Y Dowben, PA AF Borca, CN Xu, B Komesu, T Jeong, HK Liu, MT Liou, SH Stadler, S Idzerda, Y Dowben, PA TI Electronic-structure modifications induced by surface segregation in La0.65Pb0.35MnO3 thin lms SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INVERSE-PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; SPIN POLARIZATION; PHASE-TRANSITION; LA1-XSRXMNO3; LA0.7SR0.3MNO3; PEROVSKITES; OXIDES AB Using spin-polarized inverse photoemission and X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques, we show that the electronic structure of La0.65Pb0.35MnO3 thin lms depends on the composition at the surface. With a gentle annealing procedure, the surface provides a maximum of 80% spin asymmetry at 0.5 eV above the Fermi level in spite of extensive Pb segregation. A heavily annealed ( restructured) surface exhibits a reduced surface ordering temperature of 240 K ( compared to the approximately 335 K bulk value) as well as a reduced spin asymmetry value of 40% at 0.5 eV above Fermi energy. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Mat Res & Anal, Behlen Lab, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dowben, PA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RI Xu, Bo/C-6925-2008 OI Xu, Bo/0000-0002-9804-1614 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 56 IS 5 BP 722 EP 728 DI 10.1209/epl/i2001-00580-y PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 495BX UT WOS:000172321300017 ER PT J AU Elmore, PA Chahine, GL Oguz, HN AF Elmore, PA Chahine, GL Oguz, HN TI Cavity and flow measurements of reproducible bubble entrainment following drop impacts SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID UNDERWATER NOISE; SOUND; RAINDROPS; LIQUID; RAIN AB High-speed motion pictures of air-water interface dynamics of drop impacts that reproducibly make bubbles are presented. The pictures show previously unobserved details of the phenomenon. Measurements are compared with available computational methods. Experimental and numerical results agree with each other on the overall shape of the interface and the occurrence of bubble detachment. Measurements, however, show that the cavity depth stagnates before bubble entrapment. This behavior is not predicted by simulation. Also discussed are the presence of a jet that strikes the new bubble after formation and the possible effect of droplet surface oscillations on bubble entrainment. C1 Dynaflow Inc, Fulton, MD 20759 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Phys Acoust, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Elmore, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Chahine, Georges/A-2690-2011 OI Chahine, Georges/0000-0003-1610-3314 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD DEC PY 2001 VL 31 IS 6 BP 664 EP 673 DI 10.1007/s003480100320 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 510CG UT WOS:000173190700007 ER PT J AU Stevens, MH Conway, RR Englert, CR Summers, ME Grossmann, KU Gusev, OA AF Stevens, MH Conway, RR Englert, CR Summers, ME Grossmann, KU Gusev, OA TI PMCs and the water frost point in the Arctic summer mesosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NONLOCAL THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; MANIFOLD STATES; VAPOR-PRESSURE; ICE; CO2; POPULATIONS; MODEL AB In August, 1997 the Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Investigation (MAHRSI) obtained vertical profiles of OH number density and polar mesospheric cloud (PMC) brightness by scanning the limb up to 71 degrees N while the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) obtained co-located vertical profiles of temperature, MAHRSI OH densities are converted to water vapor using a one-dimensional model that assumes photochemical equilibrium. By combining water vapor profiles with CRISTA temperatures we map the frost point both vertically and horizontally in the Arctic summer mesosphere. Our data show that supersaturation can exist between 80-87 kin suggesting that growth of ice particles is limited to these altitudes. Additionally, we find that not only is supersaturation an insufficient condition for a PMC but also that PMCs can exist in apparently unsaturated air. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. RP Stevens, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7641,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168; Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955 NR 19 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 23 BP 4449 EP 4452 DI 10.1029/2001GL013598 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 496YJ UT WOS:000172425700028 ER PT J AU Liu, QY Jia, YL Liu, PH Wang, Q Chu, PC AF Liu, QY Jia, YL Liu, PH Wang, Q Chu, PC TI Seasonal and intraseasonal thermocline variability in the Central South China Sea SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Seasonal and intraseasonal variability of thermocline and relative surface height in the central South China Sea (SCS) are investigated using time series data of temperature from three buoys and sea surface height anomaly data from TOPEX/POSEIDON and ERS-1/ERS-2 satellites (T/P-ERS) from Feb. 1998 through Mar. 1999. We found that the thermocline becomes deeper and thinner in winter, owing to a great loss of the heat on the sea surface. This feature is more evident in the northern than the southern part of the central SCS. The intraseasonal variation of the thermocline is mainly controlled by the geostrophic vorticity and is out-of-phase with sea surface height (SSH). Furthermore, we find a double-thermocline phenomenon occurs in the SCS: In spring, owing to maximum net downward heat flux at the surface, with the new thermocline appearing above 80 m and the old thermocline keeping under 80 m deep. C1 Ocean Univ Qingdao, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Liu, QY (reprint author), Ocean Univ Qingdao, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. NR 8 TC 24 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 23 BP 4467 EP 4470 DI 10.1029/2001GL013185 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 496YJ UT WOS:000172425700033 ER PT J AU Castro, CG Chavez, FP Collins, CA AF Castro, CG Chavez, FP Collins, CA TI Role of the California Undercurrent in the export of denitrified waters from the eastern tropical North Pacific SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-DEFICIENT CONDITIONS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; POINT-SUR; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; NITROGEN-FIXATION; TRANSITION ZONE; BENTHIC FLUXES; CARBON EXPORT; OCEAN AB A transect off Point Sur, California (36 degrees 20'N), was occupied bimonthly from April 1988 to May 1990 to resolve spatial and temporal patterns in the physics and chemistry of the California Current system. Alongshore velocity fields and the chemical parameter N* [Gruber and Sarmiento, 1997] show coherence. Subarctic waters, conveyed by the California Current (CC), were characterized by high N* values, while in the region of poleward flow of the California Undercurrent (CU) a minimum of N* (N*< -5 mu mol kg(-1)) was observed. Low N* is a signature of denitrification, and its possible sources are considered. The distribution of N* on isopycnal surfaces, using data from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment Hydrographic Programme, suggests that northward advection from the eastern tropical North Pacific by the CU is the primary source of low N*. Local benthic and water column denitrification rates cannot account for the observed values. From nitrate deficits and velocity fields an annual nitrate transport deficit off Point Sur of 4.6 Tg N yr(-1) was estimated for the study period. Maximum offshore extent of the low N* signal was observed during the upwelling period, probably associated with an expansion of the CU and mixing due to mesoscale eddies detached from it. This mixing propagates the denitrification signal into the CC end the subtropical gyre. When the loss from the poleward flow due to horizontal mixing is calculated, an export out of the eastern tropical North Pacific of 8.3 Tg N yr(-1) by the CU is estimated. The bulk of the denitrified waters off Point Sur were below 400 m and did not affect primary production in the central California upwelling ecosystem. However, the export of nitrate-deficient waters into the subtropical gyre may play a role in the biogeochemical cycling of this region. C1 Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Div Res & Dev, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Castro, CG (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Div Res & Dev, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. OI Castro, Carmen G./0000-0001-7415-078X NR 66 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP 819 EP 830 DI 10.1029/2000GB001324 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 502QY UT WOS:000172755300004 ER PT J AU Cossentino, MJ Fukuda, MM Butler, JA Sanders, JW AF Cossentino, MJ Fukuda, MM Butler, JA Sanders, JW TI Cancer metastasis to a percutaneous gastrostomy site SO HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Serv, Div Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Cossentino, MJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Serv, Div Gastroenterol, Bldg 2,7F,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1043-3074 J9 HEAD NECK-J SCI SPEC JI Head Neck-J. Sci. Spec. Head Neck PD DEC PY 2001 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1080 EP 1082 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 498TQ UT WOS:000172526900012 PM 11774395 ER PT J AU Gilson, RD Mouloua, M Graft, AS McDonald, DP AF Gilson, RD Mouloua, M Graft, AS McDonald, DP TI Behavioral influences of proximal alarms SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID PROBABILITY AB Confidence in and responses to an unreliable test alarm were studied in the presence of nearby unspecified alarms. The test alarm's reliability rate was represented as averaging "true" only 50% or 60% of the time. Confidence or response rates ranged proportionately from 23% to 97% with the number of active alarms within 5, 6, 7, or 9 annunciator arrays. Adjacent alarms resulted in confidence estimates that were higher (by about 10016) than those with the same number of active alarms spaced up to 3 positions away. Simultaneously activated alarms resulted in a more than 20016 increase in "true" responses compared with the same number of alarms offset in time by up to 32 s, regardless of which came first. Active alarms "known" to be functionally related to, or independent of, the test alarm substantially raised or lowered responding but did not completely overcome prior effects. These findings indicate that presumptions that operators' responses are not influenced by nearby alarms, regardless of their function, may be unwarranted. Applications of this research include suggestions to improve responding and training recommendations. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL USA. RP Mouloua, M (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, POB 161390, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM mouloua@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD WIN PY 2001 VL 43 IS 4 BP 595 EP 610 DI 10.1518/001872001775870313 PG 16 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 543LE UT WOS:000175102800008 PM 12002008 ER PT J AU Kocarev, L Maggio, GM Ogorzalek, M Pecora, L Yao, K AF Kocarev, L Maggio, GM Ogorzalek, M Pecora, L Yao, K TI Applications of chaos in modern communication systems - Introduction SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-FUNDAMENTAL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Stanislaw Staszic Univ Min & Met, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Kocarev, L (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 0 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1057-7122 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-I JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I-Fundam. Theor. Appl. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 12 BP 1385 EP 1388 DI 10.1109/TCSI.2001.972844 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 504FV UT WOS:000172847400001 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, TL TI Noise-robust synchronized chaotic communications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-FUNDAMENTAL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE chaos; communication; spread spectrum; synchronization ID YTTRIUM-IRON-GARNET; DIGITAL-COMMUNICATIONS; CIRCUITS; CHANNELS; SIGNALS AB Until now, research on the applications of self-synchronized chaotic circuits to communications has been hindered by the great sensitivity of self-synchronized chaotic systems to additive noise. In this paper, I demonstrate a self-synchronized chaotic system that synchronizes even in the presence of noise much larger than the signal. This system works because it generates signals with two different time scales, allowing noise added to the shorter time scale system to be averaged out by the longer time scale system. I demonstrate a simple communications scheme with this system, and I show that the curve of bit error rate as a function of (energy per bit)/(noise spectral density) is invariant with respect to bit length; allowing this system to operate in arbitrarily low signal-to-noise environments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6345, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1057-7122 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-I JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I-Fundam. Theor. Appl. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 12 BP 1519 EP 1522 DI 10.1109/TCSI.2001.972859 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 504FV UT WOS:000172847400015 ER PT J AU Tucker, JB Rao, MV Papanicolaou, NA Mittereder, J Elasser, A Clock, AW Ghezzo, M Holland, OW Jones, KA AF Tucker, JB Rao, MV Papanicolaou, NA Mittereder, J Elasser, A Clock, AW Ghezzo, M Holland, OW Jones, KA TI Characteristics of planar n-p junction diodes made by double-implantations into 4H-SiC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE aluminum; Boron; diode; ion implantation; Nitrogen; planar; Silicon Carbide; transient ID POWER DEVICES; BORON; ALUMINUM; SILICON AB Double implantation technology consisting of deep-range acceptor followed by shallow-range donor implantation was used to fabricate planar n(+) -p junction diodes in 4H-SiC. Either Al or B was used as the acceptor species and N as the donor species with all implants performed at 700 degreesC and annealed at 1650 degreesC with an AIN encapsulant. The diodes were characterized for their current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) behavior over the temperature range 25 degreesC-400 degreesC, and reverse recovery transient behavior over the temperature range 25 degreesC-200 degreesC. At room temperature, the B-implanted diodes exhibited a reverse leakage current of 5 X 10(-8) A/cm(2) at a reverse bias of -20 V and a carrier lifetime of 7.4 ns. C1 Gen Elect Corp Res & Dev, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. GE Co, Ctr Corp Res & Dev, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tucker, JB (reprint author), Gen Elect Corp Res & Dev, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 12 BP 2665 EP 2670 DI 10.1109/16.974687 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 511HZ UT WOS:000173259700002 ER PT J AU Pond, JM Liu, SJ Newman, N AF Pond, JM Liu, SJ Newman, N TI Bandpass filters using dual-mode and quad-mode mobius resonators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Microwave Symposium CY MAY 20-25, 2001 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA DE bandpass filters; cavity resonator filters; filters; microwave filters; resonators; topology AB Compact bandpass filters are being developed using Mobius wire-loaded cavity resonators. Initial results on tuned fiIters indicate that excellent filter characteristics can be attained in devices that are significantly smaller than traditional wire-loaded cavity technologies. A novel quad-mode Mobius resonator is presented which occupies the same volume as a dual-mode Mobius resonator. A four-pole bandpass filter is demonstrated using a single quad-mode Mobius resonator. Precisely controlled dielectric loading of dual-mode Mobius wire resonators has been implemented to realize bandpass filters. Two-pole and four-pole bandpass filters are demonstrated using one and two dual-mode dielectric-loaded Mobius resonators, respectively. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Pond, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Newman, Nathan/E-1466-2011 OI Newman, Nathan/0000-0003-2819-9616 NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 49 IS 12 BP 2363 EP 2368 DI 10.1109/22.971622 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 502JG UT WOS:000172740000025 ER PT J AU Walters, RJ Messenger, SR Summers, GP Burke, EA Khanna, SM Estan, D Erhardt, LS Liu, HC Gao, M Buchanan, M SpringThorpe, AJ Houdayer, A Carlone, C AF Walters, RJ Messenger, SR Summers, GP Burke, EA Khanna, SM Estan, D Erhardt, LS Liu, HC Gao, M Buchanan, M SpringThorpe, AJ Houdayer, A Carlone, C TI Correlation of proton radiation damage in InGaAs-GaAs quantum-well light-emitting diodes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE DE displacement damage; nonionizing energy loss; optoelectronic ID LIFETIME AB The effect of proton irradiation of InGaAs/GaAs quantum-well (QW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been studied at energies ranging from 1 to 500 MeV in order to determine device damage mechanisms. The data are analyzed in terms of the theory of Rose and Barnes, and complete correlation of the data over-the entire proton energy range was achieved. This degradation data, along with data from other GaAs-based optoelectronic devices, are discussed in terms of the nonionizing energy loss (NIEL). The energy dependences of the various damage coefficients for proton energies greater than about 10 MeV are bounded by the total NIEL and the elastic NIEL. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Def Res Estab, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z4, Canada. CNR, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Nortel Microelect, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Phys, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1773 EP 1777 AR PII S0018-9499(01)10533-2 DI 10.1109/23.983129 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521UT UT WOS:000173860300005 ER PT J AU Heidergott, WF Ladbury, R Marshall, PW Buchner, S Campbell, AB Reed, RA Hockmuth, J Kha, N Hammond, C Seidleck, C Assad, A AF Heidergott, WF Ladbury, R Marshall, PW Buchner, S Campbell, AB Reed, RA Hockmuth, J Kha, N Hammond, C Seidleck, C Assad, A TI Complex SEU signatures in high-speed analog-to-digital conversion SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE DE analog-to-digital conversion; ion radiation effects; proton radiation effects ID INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; CONVERTERS AB The complex single-event upset (SEU) signatures produced by high-speed analog-to-digital converter devices are analyzed to establish magnitude, duration, and pattern characteristics. Histograms and other descriptive summaries of event characteristics are identified and their use in performing system effects analysis is described. C1 Motorola Inc, Scottsdale, AZ 85252 USA. NRL, Brookneal, VA 24528 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20275 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Heidergott, WF (reprint author), Motorola Inc, Scottsdale, AZ 85252 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1828 EP 1832 AR PII S0018-9499(01)10525-3 DI 10.1109/23.983138 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521UT UT WOS:000173860300013 ER PT J AU Savage, MW Burton, DI Wheatley, CF Titus, JL Gillberg, JE AF Savage, MW Burton, DI Wheatley, CF Titus, JL Gillberg, JE TI An improved stripe-cell SEGR hardened power MOSFET technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE DE hardened technology; hexagonal cell; LET; power MOSFET; roll angle; single-event gate rupture (SEGR); stripe cell; tilt angle ID EVENT GATE-RUPTURE; RADIATION AB A new single-event gate rupture radiation-hardened power MOSFET is reported. It is based upon a well-established radiation-hardened technology described in 1996. The hexagonal cells used in prior work are replaced with a stripe-cell structure producing demonstrated performance improvements. C1 NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Fairchild Semicond, Mountain Top, PA 18707 USA. Fairchild Semicond, Somerville, NJ 08876 USA. RP Savage, MW (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1872 EP 1878 AR PII S 0018-9499(01)10664-7 DI 10.1109/23.983145 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521UT UT WOS:000173860300020 ER PT J AU Titus, JL Wheatley, CF Gillberg, JE Burton, DI AF Titus, JL Wheatley, CF Gillberg, JE Burton, DI TI A study of ion energy and its effects upon an SEGR-hardened stripe-cell MOSFET technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE DE charge deposition; hexagonal cell; ion energy; LET; penetration depth; power MOSFET; single-even gate rupture; stripe cell; tilt angle ID VERTICAL POWER MOSFETS; RADIATION; BREAKDOWN; FAILURE AB Experimental observations of an improved single-event gate rupture (SEGR) hardened stripe-cell MOSFET demonstrated that ion beam energy, penetration depth, and strike angle (tilt angle) have a significant influence upon the measured SEGR failure threshold voltage. C1 NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Fairchild Semicond, Somerville, NJ 08876 USA. Fairchild Semicond, Mountain Top, PA 18707 USA. RP Titus, JL (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1879 EP 1884 AR PII S 0018-9499(01)10665-9 DI 10.1109/23.983146 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521UT UT WOS:000173860300021 ER PT J AU Pease, RL Sternberg, A Massengill, L Schrimpf, R Buchner, S Savage, M Titus, J Turflinger, T AF Pease, RL Sternberg, A Massengill, L Schrimpf, R Buchner, S Savage, M Titus, J Turflinger, T TI Critical charge for single-event transients (SETs) in bipolar linear circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE DE bipolar circuits; heavy ion testing; ion microbeam; laser irradiation; microcircuits; operational amplifiers; radiation effects; single-event effects (SEEs); single-event transients (SETs); SPICE current simulation; voltage comparators ID INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; ANALOG AB The critical charge for single-event transients (SETS) from heavy ions has been simulated and measured in bipolar linear circuits under several bias conditions. Although in many cases the threshold linear energy transfer is less than 2 MeV-cm(2)/mg, the minimum critical charge is on the order of 0.3-1 pC. C1 RLP Res Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN USA. RP Pease, RL (reprint author), RLP Res Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 14 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1966 EP 1972 AR PII S0018-9499(01)10676-3 DI 10.1109/23.983158 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521UT UT WOS:000173860300033 ER PT J AU McMorrow, D Magno, R Bracker, AS Bennett, BR Buchner, S Melinger, JS AF McMorrow, D Magno, R Bracker, AS Bennett, BR Buchner, S Melinger, JS TI Charge-collection dynamics of AlSb-InAs-GaSb resonant interband tunneling diodes (RITDs) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE DE charge collection; high electron mobility transistor (HEMT); monostable-bistable transition logic element; (MOBILE); resonant interband tunneling diode (RITD); resonant tunneling diode (RTD); single-event effects (SEEs); single-event upset (SEU); transient band bending ID GAP AB Time-resolved charge-collection measurements performed on AISb/InAs/GaSb resonant interband tunneling diodes (RITDs) with pulsed laser excitation exhibit complex behavior as a function of the device operating point. A model considering conventional charge-collection principles in combination with transient band-bending effects is proposed to describe the experimental results. In the proposed model, a transient distortion of the band structure of the device (transient band bending) induced by holes trapped in the GaSb valence band well modulates the dc current through the RITD. The manner in which this transient modulation is manifested in the experimental observable depends sensitively on the operating point of the device, giving rise to qualitatively different temporal signatures under different dc bias conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1973 EP 1979 AR PII S0018-9499(01)10678-7 DI 10.1109/23.983159 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521UT UT WOS:000173860300034 ER PT J AU Weatherford, TR Schiefelbein, PK AF Weatherford, TR Schiefelbein, PK TI SEE analysis of digital InP-based HBT circuits at gigahertz frequencies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE DE heterojunction bipolar transistors; indium phosphide; integrated circuits; radiation effects; single-event effects (SEEs) ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; CHARGE-COLLECTION AB A device/circuit simulation is used to analyze a giga-hertz clocked emitter-coupled logic circuit being perturbed by a single event. Results provide an understanding of charge collection in the heterojunction bipolar transistor. A technique for single-event hardening is demonstrated by simulation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Weatherford, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1980 EP 1986 AR PII S0018-9499(01)10679-9 DI 10.1109/23.983160 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521UT UT WOS:000173860300035 ER PT J AU McNulty, PJ Scheick, LZ Yow, S Campbell, AB Savage, MW AF McNulty, PJ Scheick, LZ Yow, S Campbell, AB Savage, MW TI Single-chip dosimeters to accompany photometric systems flown in space SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE AB Modern photometer systems need to be accompanied by dosimeters that monitor exposure to total ionizing dose, ultraviolet light, and the flux of particles with linear energy transfer above some threshold value. These detectors should minimize space, weight, power, cost, and telemetry. A new approach is described in which single-chip, two-chip, or three-chips systems incorporated into the photometer's interface circuits measure the above while including information on the status of charge trapping in oxides and thermal noise at p-n junctions. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Elect Parts Engn Dept, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McNulty, PJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2039 EP 2042 AR PII S0018-9499(01)10688-X DI 10.1109/23.983169 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521UT UT WOS:000173860300044 ER PT J AU Mrstik, BJ Hughes, HL Lawrence, RK McMarr, PJ Gouker, P AF Mrstik, BJ Hughes, HL Lawrence, RK McMarr, PJ Gouker, P TI Comparison of charge trapping in undoped oxides made by low- and high-temperature deposition techniques SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE DE charge trapping in deposited oxides; electron trapping; hole trapping ID SILICON; FILMS; DIELECTRICS; ELECTRON; CENTERS AB Charge trapping has been studied in a series of undoped low-pressure deposited oxides made using either silane and oxygen in a low-temperature oxidation (LTO) process or pure tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) in a high-temperature process. The extent of charge trapping was determined by measuring the shift in flatband voltage DeltaV(fb), resulting from injection of either holes or electrons separately (using photo-assisted injection techniques) or from exposure to 10-keV X-rays, in which holes and electrons are simultaneously created in the oxide. It is found that hole trapping is similar in identically annealed LTO and TEOS oxides, but that electron trapping is much larger in the TEOS oxides. Electron trapping in TEOS oxides is also found to depend inversely on the electric field. These results are used to explain the observation that X-ray exposure results in much smaller changes in DeltaV(fb) in TEOS oxides than in LTO oxides at low applied fields, but to equivalent changes in DeltaV(fb) at high applied fields. 02 anneals, but not N-2 anneals, are found to decrease the extent of electron trapping in the TEOS oxides, supporting previous suggestions that the electron traps result from carbon in the TEOS gas. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Mrstik, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2107 EP 2113 AR PII S0018-9499(01)10651-9 DI 10.1109/23.983180 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521UT UT WOS:000173860300055 ER PT J AU Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Burke, EA Summers, GP Xapsos, MA AF Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Burke, EA Summers, GP Xapsos, MA TI NIEL and damage correlations for high-energy protons in gallium arsenide devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE DE GaAs; nonionizing energy loss (NIEL); proton damage ID INDUCED DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; GAAS; DEPENDENCE; SILICON; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; RADIATION; ELECTRON; SI AB A longstanding discrepancy between proton nonionizing energy loss (NIEL) calculations and experimental measurements in GaAs devices for E > 20 MeV is explored. The various calculations of proton NIEL in GaAs are consistent. The experimental results and calculations can be made to agree by various methods that restrict the effect of high-energy recoils, such as the neutron "damage efficiency function." However, it should be noted that some damage coefficients track the total NIEL and further work is clearly required. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Messenger, SR (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2121 EP 2126 AR PII S0018-9499(01)10653-2 DI 10.1109/23.983182 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521UT UT WOS:000173860300057 ER PT J AU Lawrence, RK Ioannou, DE Jenkins, WC Liu, ST AF Lawrence, RK Ioannou, DE Jenkins, WC Liu, ST TI Gated-diode characterization of the back-channel interface on irradiated SOI wafers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE DE 10-keV X-ray; back-channel; gated-diode; interface state; radiation effects; silicon-on-insulator; SIMOX; SOI ID DCIV METHOD; CHARGE; MOSFETS; DEGRADATION; SILICON; TRAPS AB A silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFET-based "gated-diode" technique has been applied to study the Si-film/buried-oxide interface of devices that were fabricated on a SIMOX wafer. Since the gated-diode technique is sensitive to recombination current caused by the presence of interface states, the samples were exposed to 10-keV X-ray irradiation to enhance the development of SOI back-channel interface states. The measured peak in the gated-diode current curve was observed to increase in magnitude and move in voltage as a function of exposure to radiation in a manner consistent with increasing interface states and increasing trapped oxide charge. Using a two-dimensional numerical simulator, with a single acceptor interface trap at 0.7 eV, the gated-diode current was modeled as a function of 10-keV X-ray exposure. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Honeywell, SSEC, Plymouth, MN 55441 USA. RP Lawrence, RK (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2140 EP 2145 AR PII S0018-9499(01)10657-X DI 10.1109/23.983186 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521UT UT WOS:000173860300061 ER PT J AU Zhu, XW Bhuva, B Cirba, CR Massengill, L Buchner, S Dodd, PE AF Zhu, XW Bhuva, B Cirba, CR Massengill, L Buchner, S Dodd, PE TI A methodology for identifying laser parameters for equivalent heavy-ion hits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE ID PULSED-LASER; CHARGE COLLECTION; CMOS SRAMS; SEU AB Pulsed lasers show excellent promise for single-event upset (SEU) studies in laboratory environments due to their simplicity of use. However, a one-to-one relationship between a laser hit and a heavy-ion hit has not been developed so far. With the assumption that the collected charge from a SEU hit dictates the circuit-level response, equivalency between a laser hit and heavy-ion hit can be established if the collected charge from both hits is identical. This paper presents a methodology to identify the equivalent laser characteristics for a heavy-ion hit by calculating the collected charge through device-level simulations. Such knowledge will enable SEU hardness assurance of circuits using lasers. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. SFA, NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zhu, XW (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2174 EP 2179 AR PII S0018-9499(01)10708-2 DI 10.1109/23.983192 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521UT UT WOS:000173860300067 ER PT J AU Poivey, C Howard, JW Buchner, S LaBel, KA Forney, JD Kim, HS Assad, A AF Poivey, C Howard, JW Buchner, S LaBel, KA Forney, JD Kim, HS Assad, A TI Development of a test methodology for single-event transients (SETs) in linear devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE DE bipolar analog integrated circuits; comparators; integrated circuits; ion radiation effects; laser radiation effects; linear circuits; operational amplifiers; radiation effects ID INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; ANALOG AB We present single-event transient (SET) test data on linear devices under many operational conditions in an attempt to understand the SET generation and characteristics. This is done in an attempt to define a low-cost conservative test methodology to characterize these effects. C1 Jackson & Tull, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Poivey, C (reprint author), SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2180 EP 2186 AR PII S0018-9499(01)10709-4 DI 10.1109/23.983193 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521UT UT WOS:000173860300068 ER PT J AU Wheatley, TH Wheatley, CF Titus, JL AF Wheatley, TH Wheatley, CF Titus, JL TI Early lethal SEGR failures of VDMOSFETs considering nonuniformity in the rad-hard device distribution SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE DE confidence level (CL); early lethal failures; lethal ion rate; Monte Carlo predictions; power MOSFETs; risk assessment technique; single-event gate rupture (SEGR) ID EVENT-GATE-RUPTURE; VERTICAL POWER MOSFETS; CROSS-SECTION AB In 1999, Titus et al. studied single-event gate rupture failures of vertical MOSFETs for many parameters where the MOSFET universe was assumed to consist of homogenous devices. A nonhomogenous universe is now considered. Time-to-failure is studied using Monte Carlo methods. Boundaries are ascribed applying the empirical equation presented by Titus et al. C1 NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Wheatley, TH (reprint author), 102 Washington St, Lutherville Timonium, MD 21093 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2217 EP 2221 AR PII S0018-9499(01)10714-8 DI 10.1109/23.983198 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521UT UT WOS:000173860300073 ER PT J AU Sheridan, DC Chung, GY Clark, S Cressler, JD AF Sheridan, DC Chung, GY Clark, S Cressler, JD TI The effects of high-dose gamma irradiation on high-voltage 4H-SiC Schottky diodes and the SiC-SiO2 interface SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE DE diodes; gamma radiation; Schottky barrier; silicon carbide (SiC) ID RADIATION AB The effects of radiation on high-voltage 4H-SiC Schottky diodes for use in extreme environment power supplies are investigated for the first time. Diodes were fabricated with a wide range of barrier heights (1.06-1.60 eV) and were evaluated after being exposed to a Co-60 gamma radiation source. DC current-voltage characteristics were measured after several radiation doses, with no observable degradation in the diode forward or reverse characteristics up to a total dose of 4 Mrad(Si). Measured breakdown voltages of postirradiated diodes increase approximately 200 V compared to the virgin devices and are attributed to increased negative interface charge, as determined by MOS capacitor measurements and correlated with numerical breakdown simulations. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Alabama Microelect Sci & Technol Ctr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Sheridan, DC (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Alabama Microelect Sci & Technol Ctr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2229 EP 2232 AR PII S0018-9499(01)10716-1 DI 10.1109/23.983200 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521UT UT WOS:000173860300075 ER PT J AU Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B Jain, AK Dayhoff, JE AF Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B Jain, AK Dayhoff, JE TI Aircraft detection: A case study in using human similarity measure SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE aircraft detection; automatic target recognition (ATR); data generation; learning; similarity measure; training set augmentation ID DEFORMABLE TEMPLATES; VISION AB The problem of screening images of the skies to determine whether or not aircraft are present is of both theoretical and practical interest. After the most prominent signal in an infrared image of the sky is extracted, the question is whether the signal corresponds to an aircraft. Common approaches calculate the degree of similarity of the shape of the 2D signal with a model aircraft using a similarity measure such as Euclidean distance, and make a decision based on whether the degree of similarity exceeds a (prespecified) threshold. We present a new approach that avoids metric similarity measures and the use of thresholds, and instead attempts to learn similarity measures like those used by humans. In the absence of sufficient real data, the approach allows us to specifically generate an arbitrarily large number of training exemplars projecting near the classification boundary. Once trained on such a training set, the performance of our neural network-based system was comparable to that of a human expert and far better than a network trained only on the available real data. Furthermore, the results were considerably better than those obtained using an Euclidean discriminator. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Complex Res Solut Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20906 USA. RP Kamgar-Parsi, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kamgar@aic.nrl.navy.mil; behzad@ait.nrl.navy.mil; jain@cse.msu.edu; dayhoff@pressroom.com NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1404 EP 1414 DI 10.1109/34.977564 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 500NY UT WOS:000172634700006 ER PT J AU Zarnich, RE Bell, KL Van Trees, HL AF Zarnich, RE Bell, KL Van Trees, HL TI A unified method for measurement and tracking of contacts from an array of sensors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE antenna arrays; MAP estimation; nonlinear programming; target tracking ID MULTIPLE MOVING TARGETS; DIRECTION-OF-ARRIVAL; EM ALGORITHM; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; PASSIVE ARRAYS; OUTPUTS AB A multiple target track estimation method that operates directly from array data is presented. The maximum a-posteriori (MAP) estimator for contact states is derived for temporally uncorrelated signals and uncorrelated contact tracks, where the number of contacts is assumed known. This estimator is an iterative algorithm employing a nonlinear programming (NLP) penalty method in conjunction with an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The NLP technique is used to find the MAP track estimate based on the synthetic signal estimates produced by the EM algorithm. This method eliminates the data association step of traditional multitarget tracking approaches by conditioning the measurement process on individual target state distributions. It results in a process similar to the EM algorithm for direction finding, with an additional penalty term imposed by the track distributions. The algorithm is derived as a batch method. An extension to support sequential tracking is also developed. Simulation results for a relevant submarine towed array scenario are presented and discussed. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Adv Syst & Technol Off, Washington, DC 20376 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Appl & Engn Stat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Zarnich, RE (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Adv Syst & Technol Off, Washington, DC 20376 USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 49 IS 12 BP 2950 EP 2961 DI 10.1109/78.969504 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 499TV UT WOS:000172587200006 ER PT J AU Narum, DL Kumar, S Rogers, WO Fuhrmann, SR Liang, H Oakley, M Taye, A Sim, BKL Hoffman, SL AF Narum, DL Kumar, S Rogers, WO Fuhrmann, SR Liang, H Oakley, M Taye, A Sim, BKL Hoffman, SL TI Codon optimization of gene fragments encoding Plasmodium falciparum merzoite proteins enhances DNA vaccine protein expression and immunogenicity in mice SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID USAGE; MALARIA; PROTECTION; SEQUENCE; INVASION; IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODIES; ORGANISMS; INDUCTION; IMMUNITY AB In contrast to conventional vaccines, DNA and other subunit vaccines exclusively utilize host cell molecules for transcription and translation of proteins. The adenine plus thymine content of Plasmodium falciparum gene sequences (similar to 80%) is much greater than that of Homo sapiens (similar to 59%); consequently, codon usage is markedly different. We hypothesized that modifying codon usage of P. falciparum genes encoded by DNA vaccines from that used by the parasite to those resembling mammalian codon usage would lead to increased P. falciparum protein expression in vitro in mouse cells and increased antibody responses in DNA-vaccinated mice. We synthesized gene fragments encoding the receptor-binding domain of the 175-kDa P. falciparum eryrthrocyte-binding protein (EBA-175 region II) and the 42-kDa C-terminal processed fragment of the P. falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1(42)) using the most frequently occurring codon in mammals to code for each amino acid, and inserted the synthetic genes in DNA vaccine plasmids. In in vitro transient-expression assays, plasmids containing codon-optimized synthetic gene fragments (pS plasmids) showed greater than fourfold increased protein expression in mouse cells compared to those containing native gene fragments (pN plasmids). In mice immunized with 0.5, 5.0, or 50 mug of the DNA plasmids, the dose of DNA required to induce equivalent antibody titers was 10- to 100-fold lower for pS than for pN plasmids. These data demonstrate that optimizing codon usage in DNA vaccines can improve protein expression and consequently the immunogenicity of gene fragments in DNA vaccines for organisms whose codon usage differs substantially from that of mammals. C1 EntreMed Inc, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), Celera Genomics, 45 W Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI36758-02] NR 26 TC 82 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 69 IS 12 BP 7250 EP 7253 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.12.7250-7253.2001 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 494QP UT WOS:000172297600007 PM 11705894 ER PT J AU Wu, F Wu, C Guo, FZ Li, DY AF Wu, F Wu, C Guo, FZ Li, DY TI Acoustically controlled heat transfer of ferromagnetic fluid SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE heat transfer enhancement; acoustic field control; ferromagnetic fluid; magnetic field ID MAGNETIC FLUID; TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT; NATURAL-CONVECTION; FLOW; OSCILLATIONS AB The acoustically controlled heat transfer enhancement of a ferromagnetic fluid in an external magnetic field is studied in this paper. The analytical expression for the effective thermal diffusivity is obtained. The numerical analysis and experimental results are discussed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Power Engn, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. Wuhan Inst Chem Technol, Dept Phys & Heat Engn, Wuhan 430073, Peoples R China. RP Wu, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 44 IS 23 BP 4427 EP 4432 DI 10.1016/S0017-9310(01)00094-1 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 476UA UT WOS:000171246100005 ER PT J AU Borg, JP Grady, D Cogar, JR AF Borg, JP Grady, D Cogar, JR TI Instability and fragmentation of expanding liquid systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hypervelocity Impact CY NOV 06-10, 2000 CL GALVESTON, TEXAS DE liquid breakup; liquid fragmentation; source terms; hydrodynamic ram AB This analysis pursues the underlying physics governing the expansion, dispersal and breakup of a thin walled steel right circular cylinder filled with liquid after being impacted by a high Velocity aluminum sphere. The impact generates a radially expanding coherent thin shell of liquid which stays together to at least a diameter 8 times that of the original cylinder. An instability criterion is proposed and developed based on the opposing forces of stabilizing inertial pressures and destabilizing viscous resistance, This criterion is compared to test data where possible in order to ascertain its ability to predict liquid breakup of the shell. The breakup theory developed here predicts the extensive expansion of the unthickened liquid prior to fragmentation as observed in the experiments. This result tends some credence to the underlying physics pursued here and its ability to predict the onset of liquid fragmentation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div G24, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Appl Res Associates Inc, SW Div, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Borg, JP (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div G24, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1-10 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(01)00066-5 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 510ZN UT WOS:000173237600009 ER PT J AU Chhabildas, LC Thornhill, TF Reinhart, WD Kipp, ME Reedal, DR Wilson, LT Grady, DE AF Chhabildas, LC Thornhill, TF Reinhart, WD Kipp, ME Reedal, DR Wilson, LT Grady, DE TI Fracture resistant properties of AerMet steels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hypervelocity Impact CY NOV 06-10, 2000 CL GALVESTON, TEXAS ID FRAGMENTATION AB The purpose of this study is to report well-controlled experiments conducted to determine the fracture resistant properties of AerMet(R) 100 steels. One of the objectives of this study is to determine the influence of fracture toughness properties on the fracture and fragmentation process. Both sphere impact tests and cylinder expansion test geometry were used to determine the dynamic fracture resistant coefficients. These experiments were conducted at strain rates of similar to 14 x 10(3)/s for the cylinder expansion tests; the strain rates for the sphere impact tests varied over 50 to 100 x 10(3)/s. Fracture resistant coefficients of 60 MPa rootm and 20 MPa rootm are obtained from the cylinder test and the sphere impact test, respectively. These measurements do not agree with the static fracture toughness values reported in the literature. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1610, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Appl Res Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Chhabildas, LC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1610, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1-10 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(01)00068-9 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 510ZN UT WOS:000173237600010 ER PT J AU Kayar, SR Fahlman, A Lin, WC Whitman, WB AF Kayar, SR Fahlman, A Lin, WC Whitman, WB TI Increasing activity of H-2-metabolizing microbes lowers decompression sickness risk in pigs during H-2 dives SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Methanobrevibacter smithii; methanogens; biochemical decompression; decompression illness; hydrogen diving ID GAS; HYDROGEN; TISSUES; MODELS; RATS AB The risk of decompression sickness (DCS) was modulated by varying the biochemical activity used to eliminate some of the hydrogen (H-2) stored in the tissues of pigs (19.4 +/- 0.2 kg) during hyperbaric exposures to H-2. Treated pigs (n = 16) received intestinal injections of Methanobrevibacter smithii, a microbe that metabolizes H-2 to water and CH4. Surgical controls (n = 10) received intestinal injections of saline, and an additional control group (n = 10) was untreated. Pigs were placed in a chamber and compressed to 24 atm abs (20.6-22.9 atm H-2). After 3 h, the pigs were decompressed and observed for symptoms of DCS for 1 h. Pigs with M. smithii had a significantly lower (P < 0.05) incidence of DCS (44%; 7/16) than all controls (80%; 16/20). The DCS risk decreased with increasing activity of microbes injected (logistic regression, P < 0.05). Thus the supplemental tissue washout of the diluent gas by microbial metabolism was inversely correlated with DCS risk in a dose-dependent manner in this pig model. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kayar, SR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Fahlman, Andreas/A-2901-2011 OI Fahlman, Andreas/0000-0002-8675-6479 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 91 IS 6 BP 2713 EP 2719 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 497YZ UT WOS:000172484200039 PM 11717238 ER PT J AU Fahlman, A Tikuisis, P Himm, JF Weathersby, PK Kayar, SR AF Fahlman, A Tikuisis, P Himm, JF Weathersby, PK Kayar, SR TI On the likelihood of decompression sickness during H-2 biochemical decompression in pigs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE probabilistic modeling; Sus scrofa; hydrogen diving; H-2 metabolism; Methanobrevibacter smithii ID PATENT FORAMEN OVALE; COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION; RISK; HYDROGEN; ILLNESS; SWINE; RATS; COMPETITION; SATURATION; BACTERIA AB A probabilistic model was used to predict decompression sickness (DCS) outcome in pigs during exposures to hyperbaric H-2 to quantify the effects of H-2 biochemical decompression, a process in which metabolism Of H-2 by intestinal microbes facilitates decompression. The data set included 109 exposures to 22-26 atm, ca. 88% H-2, 9% He, 2% O-2, 1% N-2, for 0.5-24 h. Single exponential kinetics described the tissue partial pressures (Ptis) of H-2 and He at time t: Ptis = integral (Pamb - Ptis).tau (-1) dt, where Pamb is ambient pressure and tau is a time constant. The probability of DCS [P(DCS)] was predicted from the risk function: P(DCS) = 1 - e(-r), where r = integral (Ptis(H2) + Ptis(He) - Thr - Pamb).Pamb(-1) dt, and Thr is a threshold parameter. Inclusion of a parameter (A) to estimate the effect of H-2 metabolism on P(DCS): Ptis., = integral (Pamb - A - Ptis(H2)).tau (-1) dt, significantly improved the prediction of P(DCS). Thus lower P(DCS) was predicted by microbial H-2 metabolism during H-2 biochemical decompression. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Environm Physiol Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Def & Civil Inst Environm Med, Toronto, ON M3M 3B9, Canada. RP Kayar, SR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Environm Physiol Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Fahlman, Andreas/A-2901-2011 OI Fahlman, Andreas/0000-0002-8675-6479 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 91 IS 6 BP 2720 EP 2729 PG 10 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 497YZ UT WOS:000172484200040 PM 11717239 ER PT J AU Merrill, LL Thomsen, CJ Sinclair, BB Gold, SR Milner, JS AF Merrill, LL Thomsen, CJ Sinclair, BB Gold, SR Milner, JS TI Predicting the impact of child sexual abuse on women: The role of abuse severity, parental support, and coping strategies SO JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM ADJUSTMENT; SOCIAL SUPPORT; PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT; FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS; BUFFERING HYPOTHESIS; VICTIMIZATION; STRESS; SURVIVORS; CONSEQUENCES; ENVIRONMENT AB Female Navy recruits (N = 5,226) completed surveys assessing history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), childhood strategies for coping with CSA, childhood parental support, and current psychological adjustment. Both CSA and parental support independently predicted later adjustment. In analyses examining whether CSA victims' functioning was associated with CSA severity (indexed by 5 variables), parental support (indexed by 3 variables), and coping (constructive, self-destructive, and avoidant), the negative coping variables were the strongest predictors. A structural equation model revealed that the effect of abuse severity on later functioning was partially mediated by coping strategies. However, contrary to predictions, the model revealed that childhood parental support had little direct or indirect impact on adult adjustment. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Merrill, LL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RI Vertommen, Tine/A-8108-2013 NR 61 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-006X J9 J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH JI J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 69 IS 6 BP 992 EP 1006 DI 10.1037//0022-006X.69.6.992 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 504DF UT WOS:000172841500013 PM 11777126 ER PT J AU Burfisher, ME Robinson, S Thierfelder, K AF Burfisher, ME Robinson, S Thierfelder, K TI The impact of NAFTA on the United States SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. Int Food Policy Res Inst, Trade & Macroecon Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Burfisher, ME (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 45 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY, STE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 USA SN 0895-3309 J9 J ECON PERSPECT JI J. Econ. Perspect. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 125 EP 144 DI 10.1257/jep.15.1.125 PG 20 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 407EG UT WOS:000167258800010 ER PT J AU Dutta, I Chen, MW Peterson, K Shultz, T AF Dutta, I Chen, MW Peterson, K Shultz, T TI Plastic deformation and interfacial sliding in Al and Cu thin film: Si substrate systems due to thermal cycling SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials and Processes for Submicron Technologies CY FEB, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP TMS Elec Magne & Photon Mat Div, Thin Films & Interfaces Comm, ASM Int Mat Sci Crit Technol Sector DE plastic deformation; interfacial sliding; Al; Cu; Si; thin films ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; MULTILAYERED MATERIALS; CREEP AB As a result of the large difference in thermal expansion coefficients between metal and Si, high stresses can develop in thin metallic films attached to Si substrates in microelectronic devices during thermal excursions experienced in processing steps or during usage. These stresses may induce plastic deformation of the thin films accompanied by creep and interfacial sliding, and have a pronounced effect on the reliability of microelectronic devices and components. Even though various methods have been proposed to study thermal stress, methodologies for studying plastic deformation of thin films are not well established. Here, we report the results of a study of plastic deformation and interfacial sliding of thin Al and Cu films on Si substrates during thermal cycling. Cross-sectional profiles of pattern-grown Al and Cu films of nominally 250 nm thickness were measured before and after thermal cycling by employing an atomic force microscope. Through statistical analysis, the size changes of the thin films induced by thermal cycling were determined. Finite element (FE) analyses were conducted to compute the stress and strain states within the thin film and at the interface, and the results were utilized to interpret the atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations. Experiments revealed that, following thermal cycling, Al films expanded relative to the Si substrate, whereas Cu films shrank, resulting in an alteration of the film-footprint on the substrate in both cases. Based on the FE calculations, this was attributed to net inelastic deformation of the thin films via creep and yielding, with the deformation being accommodated at the interface by diffusion-controlled interfacial sliding. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Chen, Mingwei/A-4855-2010 OI Chen, Mingwei/0000-0002-2850-8872 NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1537 EP 1548 DI 10.1007/s11664-001-0171-3 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 513ZK UT WOS:000173411100012 ER PT J AU Manheimer, W AF Manheimer, W TI An alternate development path for magnetic fusion SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE rusion energy; fission-fusion hybrid ID ENERGY; FUTURE AB Mid-century requirements for carbon free energy are daunting. Perhaps fusion could play a vital role. One of rather few possible solutions for sustainable development might be the fission fusion hybrid coupled with transmutation of the long lived actinide wastes. This paper suggests such an alternate development path for fusion, one that could lead to the production of multi-terawatts of carbon free power by 2050. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Manheimer, W (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Code 6707, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD DEC PY 2001 VL 20 IS 4 BP 131 EP 134 DI 10.1023/A:1023480817784 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 671BG UT WOS:000182444700002 ER PT J AU Makela, JJ Kelley, MC Gonzalez, SA Aponte, N McCoy, RP AF Makela, JJ Kelley, MC Gonzalez, SA Aponte, N McCoy, RP TI Ionospheric topography maps using multiple-wavelength all-sky images SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID O-I 6300-A; MIDLATITUDE IONOSPHERE; F-LAYER; NIGHTGLOW; AIRGLOW; EMISSIONS; STORM; IRREGULARITIES; LATITUDES; ARECIBO AB We outline a technique to create three-dimensional topographic maps of the Earth's ionosphere. Using all-sky images at 630.0 and 777.4 nm taken with the Cornell All-Sky Imager (CASI) while located at the Arecibo Observatory, we can estimate the maximum density (N-m) and the height (H-m) of the F layer over a 1000 x 1000 km area. This is possible because to first order, the 777.4 nm emission, produced by radiative recombination, is proportional to the integral of the square of the plasma density, whereas the 630.0 nm line, produced by charge exchange and dissociative recombination, depends on both plasma height and density. Using the neutral atmosphere given by the Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter (MSIS-86) model and electron densities from the international reference ionosphere 1995 (IRI-95) model, we show that the estimates given by these maps are good to within 5% of the values used as input into the models. These errors are slightly larger (10%) when extreme gradients in the height of the F layer are present. We apply our technique to two different nights in 1999. In one example these maps show a steeply rising ridge of ionization stretching equatorward of the Caribbean site, punctuated by a series of parallel ridges and valleys. We compare these observations with previous work at Arecibo during very high magnetic activity. In our case we find no evidence for particle precipitation and agree with Sahai et al. [1981a] that spatial variations may have affected the earlier study. Another example shows the Appleton anomaly much farther north than normal. Instability processes are indicated in the former case, while physical mechanisms associated with a magnetic storm are explored in the latter case. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Makela, JJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Gonzalez, Sixto/G-1982-2011 OI Gonzalez, Sixto/0000-0001-5544-1426 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A12 BP 29161 EP 29174 DI 10.1029/2000JA000449 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 519LV UT WOS:000173728500026 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Lara, A Yashiro, S Kaiser, ML Howard, RA AF Gopalswamy, N Lara, A Yashiro, S Kaiser, ML Howard, RA TI Predicting the 1-AU arrival times of coronal mass ejections SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; TRANSIENTS; EARTH AB We describe an empirical model to predict the 1-AU arrival of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). This model is based on an effective interplanetary (IP) acceleration described by Gopalswamy et al. [2000b] that the CMEs are subject to, as they propagate from the Sun to 1 AU. We have improved this model (1) by minimizing the projection effects (using data from spacecraft in quadrature) in determining the initial speed of CMEs, and (2) by allowing for the cessation of the interplanetary acceleration before 1 AU. The resulting effective IP acceleration was higher in magnitude than what was obtained from CME measurements from spacecraft along the Sun-Earth line. We evaluated the predictive capability of the CME arrival model using recent two-point measurements from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), Wind, and ACE spacecraft. We found that an acceleration cessation distance of 0.76 AU is in reasonable agreement with the observations. The new prediction model reduces the average prediction error from 15.4 to 10.7 hours. The model is in good agreement with the observations for high-speed CMEs. For slow CMEs the model as well as observations show a flat arrival time of similar to4.3 days. Use of quadrature observations minimized the projection effects naturally without the need to assume the width of the CMEs. However, there is no simple way of estimating the projection effects based on the surface location of the Earth-directed CMEs observed by a spacecraft (such as SOHO) located along the Sun-Earth line because it is impossible to measure the width of these CMEs. The standard assumption that the CME is a rigid cone may not be correct. In fact, the predicted arrival times have a better agreement with the observed arrival times when no projection correction is applied to the SOHO CME measurements. The results presented in this work suggest that CMEs expand and accelerate near the Sun (inside 0.7 AU) more than our model supposes; these aspects will have to be included in future models. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Ctr Solar Phys & Space Weather, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Solar Phys Branch, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Ctr Solar Phys & Space Weather, 200 Hannan Hall, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; OI Lara, Alejandro/0000-0001-6336-5291 NR 27 TC 226 Z9 233 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A12 BP 29207 EP 29217 DI 10.1029/2001JA000177 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 519LV UT WOS:000173728500030 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Kaiser, ML Howard, RA Bougeret, JL AF Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Kaiser, ML Howard, RA Bougeret, JL TI Characteristics of coronal mass ejections associated with long-wavelength type II radio bursts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; WIND SPACECRAFT; SOLAR CORONA; LASCO; ACCELERATION; TELESCOPE; EMISSIONS; MISSION; ORIGIN; PLASMA AB We investigated the characteristics of coronal mass ejections (CMES) associated with long-wavelength type II radio bursts in the near-Sun interplanetary medium. Type II radio bursts in the decameter-hectometric (DH) wavelengths indicate powerful MHD shocks leaving the inner solar corona and entering the interplanetary medium. Almost all of these bursts are associated with wider and faster than average CMEs. A large fraction of these radio-rich CMEs were found to decelerate in the coronagraph field of view, in contrast to the prevailing view that most CMEs display either constant acceleration or constant speed. We found a similar deceleration for the fast CMEs (speed > 900 km s(-1)) in general. We suggest that the coronal drag could be responsible for the deceleration, based on the result that the deceleration has a quadratic dependence on the CME speed. About 60% of the fast CMEs were not associated with DH type II bursts., suggesting that some additional condition needs to be satisfied to be radio-rich. The average width (66degrees) of the radio-poor, fast CMEs is much smaller than that (102degrees) of the radio-rich CMEs, suggesting that the CME width plays ail important role. The special characteristics of the radio-rich CMEs suggest that the detection of DH radio bursts may provide a useful tool in identifying the population of geoeffective CMEs. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. USN, Res Lab, Solar Phys Branch, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Ctr Solar Phys & Space Weather, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Bldg 26 Room G1,Mail Code 682-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM gopals@fugee.gsfc.nasa.gov; yashiro@cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov; kaiser@lepmlk.gsfc.nasa.gov; howard@cronus.nrl.navy.mil; louis.bougeret@obspm.fr RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 NR 28 TC 141 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A12 BP 29219 EP 29229 DI 10.1029/2001JA000234 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 519LV UT WOS:000173728500031 ER PT J AU Dymond, KF AF Dymond, KF TI Special section: Remote sensing of the low- and middle-latitude thermosphere and ionosphere from the ground and from space - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dymond, KF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A12 BP 30281 EP 30282 DI 10.1029/2001JA001100 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 519LV UT WOS:000173728500118 ER PT J AU Dymond, KF Budzien, SA Nicholas, AC Thonnard, SE McCoy, RP Thomas, RJ AF Dymond, KF Budzien, SA Nicholas, AC Thonnard, SE McCoy, RP Thomas, RJ TI Electron densities determined by inversion of ultraviolet limb profiles SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; AIRGLOW; DAYGLOW AB We present electron density profiles derived by inversion of ultraviolet limb radiances observed on November 24, 1999, by the Low-Resolution Airglow and Aurora Spectrograph instrument on the Advanced Research and Global Observing Satellite. The solar 10.7-cm radio flux was 181 solar flux units, and the daily ap was 21, indicating moderate geomagnetic activity. The O+ density profile, which is approximately equal to the electron density profile in the F region ionosphere, was determined by inverting the limb radiance profile of O I 911-Angstrom emission of atomic oxygen. The 911-Angstrom emission is produced by radiative recombination of O+ ions and electrons. Sounding rocket and satellite measurements of the Earth's extreme ultraviolet dayglow indicated significant contamination in the 900- to 920-Angstrom passband by emissions from atomic, molecular, and ionized nitrogen [Gentieu et al., 1979, 1981; Chakrabarti et al., 1983]. As a result of these observations, the radiative recombination emission was thought to be of little use for ionospheric sensing during the daytime. Feldman et al. [2001] have recently measured spectra in the 905- to 1184-Angstrom passband and show that the contamination at F region altitudes is less than that present in the earlier observations [Gentieu et al., 1979, 1981; Chakrabarti et al., 1983]. We found the contamination of the O I 911-Angstrom emission to be negligible at F region altitudes and have been able to use the 911-Angstrom emission to accurately characterize the ionospheric state. We have compared the peak electron density and peak height determined by inversion of the 911-Angstrom altitude profiles with nearly coincident ionosonde measurements, and we find the measurements from the two techniques to be in good agreement, demonstrating the accuracy of this technique for sensing the ionospheric state. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Dymond, KF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 7623, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A12 BP 30315 EP 30321 DI 10.1029/2001JA001102 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 519LV UT WOS:000173728500122 ER PT J AU Stephan, AW Chakrabarti, S Dymond, KF Budzien, SA Thonnard, SE McCoy, RP AF Stephan, AW Chakrabarti, S Dymond, KF Budzien, SA Thonnard, SE McCoy, RP TI Far ultraviolet equatorial aurora during geomagnetic storms as observed by the Low-Resolution Airglow and Aurora Spectrograph SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGETIC NEUTRAL ATOMS; LOW-LATITUDE; RING CURRENT; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; MAGNETIC STORM; DST INDEX; EMISSIONS; EUV; ASSOCIATION AB We report the detection of storm time enhancements in the low-latitude far ultraviolet airglow as observed by the Low-Resolution Airglow and Aurora Spectrograph on the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite. The enhancements are present in several of the dayside and nightside emission lines, including the prominent 1304- and 1356-Angstrom lines of atomic oxygen as well as the N-2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield bands near 1465 and 1495 Angstrom. Time histories of the average low-latitude intensities of all emissions show a correlation with geomagnetic activity, as measured by the Dst index. Comparisons between the prestorm and storm time latitude profiles indicate that the emission increases are confined to magnetic latitudes < 20degrees. We have used the ratio of 1356 Angstrom/1495 Angstrom as a measure of O/N-2 composition changes at these tow latitudes. Although this ratio shows composition changes during the storm, no change in the ratio is observed during the peak in the emission. On the basis of the emission morphology, we conclude that these emission enhancements are most likely the result of energetic neutral atoms, which are created in the ring current and collisionally excite ambient atomic oxygen and molecular nitrogen in the low-attitude, low-latitude ionosphere and thermosphere. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Stephan, AW (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A12 BP 30323 EP 30330 DI 10.1029/2001JA001103 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 519LV UT WOS:000173728500123 ER PT J AU Keskinen, MJ Dymond, KF Ossakow, SL AF Keskinen, MJ Dymond, KF Ossakow, SL TI Space-based ultraviolet optical signatures of simulated equatorial ionospheric bubbles SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPREAD-F; SPECTROSCOPY; NIGHTGLOW; AIRGLOW AB Space-based ultraviolet (UV) optical signatures of equatorial ionospheric bubbles have been computed from a first-principles time-dependent physical mesoscale ionospheric simulation model. We find that for nadir-viewing geometry, extreme UV signatures at 911 Angstrom of equatorial ionospheric bubble structures contain large bite-outs in intensity, are structured over tens of kilometers scales, and are distinctly different from the signatures of the quiet ionosphere. C1 USN, Res Lab, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keskinen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A12 BP 30429 EP 30432 DI 10.1029/2001JA001114 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 519LV UT WOS:000173728500132 ER PT J AU Marovich, M Grouard-Vogel, G Louder, M Eller, M Sun, W Wu, SJ Putvatana, R Murphy, G Tassaneetrithep, B Burgess, T Birx, D Hayes, C Schlesinger-Frankel, S Mascola, J AF Marovich, M Grouard-Vogel, G Louder, M Eller, M Sun, W Wu, SJ Putvatana, R Murphy, G Tassaneetrithep, B Burgess, T Birx, D Hayes, C Schlesinger-Frankel, S Mascola, J TI Human dendritic cells as targets of dengue virus infection SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Montagna Annual Symposium on the Biology of Skin CY AUG 12-16, 2000 CL SNOWMASS, COLORADO DE hemorrhagic virus infects APC ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; DISEASE SEVERITY; HUMAN-MONOCYTES; PATHOGENESIS; VIREMIA AB Dengue virus infections are an emerging global threat. Severe dengue infection is manifested as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, both of which can be fatal complications. Factors predisposing to complicated disease and pathogenesis of severe infections are discussed. Using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and ELISA techniques, we studied the cellular targets of dengue virus infection, at both the clinical (in vivo) and the laboratory (in vitro) level. Resident skin dendritic cells are targets of dengue virus infection as demonstrated in a skin biopsy from a dengue vaccine recipient. We show that factors influencing infection of monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells are different. Immature dendritic cells were found to be the cells most permissive for dengue infection and maybe early targets for infection. Immature dendritic cells exposed to dengue virus produce TNF-alpha protein. Some of these immature dendritic cells undergo TNF-alpha mediated maturation as a consequence of exposure to the dengue virus. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Viral Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. USN, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NIH, Vaccine Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Marovich, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, 13 Taft Ct,Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 26 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1087-0024 J9 J INVEST DERM SYMP P JI J. Invest. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 6 IS 3 BP 219 EP 224 DI 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.00037.x PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 533FP UT WOS:000174519000011 PM 11924831 ER PT J AU Zhou, F Lee, J Dallek, S Lavernia, EJ AF Zhou, F Lee, J Dallek, S Lavernia, EJ TI High grain size stability of nanocrystalline Al prepared by mechanical attrition SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-STABILITY; GROWTH; NI; ALLOY; TIO2 AB Grain growth in nanocrystalline (nc) Al with a grain size of 26 nm produced by cryogenic mechanical milling was studied through x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Grain growth kinetics resembled those of ball-milled nc Fe. For homologous temperatures (T/Tm) of 0.51-0.83, the time exponent n from D-1/n - D-0(1/n) = kt was 0.04-0.28, tending toward 0.5 as T/T-M increased. Two grain-growth regimes were distinguished: below T/T-M = 0.78 growth ceased at an approximate grain size of 50 nm while at higher temperatures, grain growth proceeded steadily to the submicrometer range. Grain growth over the range of temperatures studied cannot be explained in terms of a single thermally activated rate process. The observed high grain size stability was attributed primarily to impurity pinning drag associated with the grain growth process. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Zhou, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. NR 29 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 12 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 16 IS 12 BP 3451 EP 3458 DI 10.1557/JMR.2001.0474 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 499RX UT WOS:000172585100018 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JL Binn, LN Innis, BL Reynolds, RD Lee, T Mitchell-Raymundo, F Craig, SC Marquez, JP Shepherd, GA Polyak, CS Conolly, J Kohlhase, KF AF Sanchez, JL Binn, LN Innis, BL Reynolds, RD Lee, T Mitchell-Raymundo, F Craig, SC Marquez, JP Shepherd, GA Polyak, CS Conolly, J Kohlhase, KF TI Epidemic of adenovirus-induced respiratory illness among US military recruits: Epidemiologic and immunologic risk factors in healthy, young adults SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE respiratory disease; infection; epidemic; military ID ARMY TRAINEES; DISEASE; PREVENTION; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK AB Adenovirus (Ad)-induced acute respiratory illnesses resurged among civilian adults and selected military training populations in the United States during the late 1990s. We examined the epidemiologic and immunologic correlates of Ad-induced respiratory illnesses during a large outbreak at an Army basic training installation in southeast United States during a 9-day period in November 1997. A total of 79 recruits hospitalized with acute respiratory illnesses were evaluated during the outbreak period; confirmation of Ad infection by isolation of Ad-like cytopathic agents from throat cultures was detected in 71 (90%) of these patients. Serotyping of 19 (27%) of these 71 isolates identified the etiologic agent to be Ad type 4 (Ad4). In addition, 30 (81%) of 37 patients in whom paired sera were collected demonstrated significant increases (i.e., 4-fold or higher) in serum anti-Ad4 neutralizing antibodies. Anti-Ad4 immunity in new recruits was found to be very low (15 to 22%). A case-control study involving 66 of the 79 hospitalized cases and 189 non-ill controls from the same units was conducted. A lower risk of hospitalization for acute respiratory illnesses was documented for female recruits (odds ratio[OR] = 0.47, P < .05) whereas, a higher risk was noted for smokers (OR = 1.89, P < .05). Unit (training company) attack rates as high as 8 to 10% per week were documented and the outbreak quickly subsided after live, oral Ad types 4 and 7 vaccination was resumed in November 1997. Re-establishment of a military Ad vaccination program is critical for control of Ad-induced acute respiratory illnesses. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss Inc. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Clin Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. Moncrief Army Community Hosp, Prevent Med Serv, Ft Jackson, SC USA. RP Sanchez, JL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachmend, Amer Embassy Lima, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. NR 33 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 710 EP 718 DI 10.1002/jmv.2095 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 489LY UT WOS:000171993900013 PM 11745936 ER PT J AU Krauser, J Revesz, AG Hughes, HL AF Krauser, J Revesz, AG Hughes, HL TI Nuclear reaction analysis of hydrogen in the buried SiO2 layer of Si/SiO2/Si structures SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Letter AB The concentration of hydrogen introduced by a heat treatment into the buried oxide (BOX) layer of Si/SiO2/Si structures (SIMOX and unibond) was determined by nuclear reaction technique. The areal density of H atoms is of the order of 10(14)/cm(2), regardless whether the top Si layer was removed or not. This value is much less than the reported density of mobile protons in these structures prepared in a similar manner. Thus, it is unlikely that the increased density of mobile protons near the edges of patterned top Si layer is due to the enhanced diffusion of H atoms there. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Revesz Associates, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Revesz, AG (reprint author), Revesz Associates, 7910 Pk Overlook Dr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC PY 2001 VL 296 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 145 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(01)00879-1 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 496TB UT WOS:000172411600018 ER PT J AU Carlson, CR Bertrand, PM Ehrlich, AD Maxwell, AW Burton, RG AF Carlson, CR Bertrand, PM Ehrlich, AD Maxwell, AW Burton, RG TI Physical self-regulation training for the management of temporomandibular disorders SO JOURNAL OF OROFACIAL PAIN LA English DT Article DE pain; myofascial pain; self-regulation; removable orthodontic appliance; relaxation techniques ID PAIN; EFFICACY; NERVE AB Aims: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of a brief skills training program for the management of chronic facial muscle pain. This program of physical self-regulation (PSR) involved primarily training in breathing, postural relaxation, and proprioceptive re-education. Methods: Physical self-regulation training was presented by a dentist during two 50-minute sessions spaced at 3-week intervals and was compared to a standard dental care (SDC) program that included a flat-plane intraoral appliance and self-care instructions provided by a dentist. Participants (n = 44) were initially evaluated by a dentist experienced in the diagnosis and management of orofacial pain and were determined to have myofascial pain (Type 1a and 1b diagnoses per the Research Diagnostic Criteria) prior to random assignment to either the PSR or SDC conditions. Posttreatment evaluations 6 weeks and 26 weeks after treatment had begun were conducted by a dentist who was not aware of which treatment the participants received. Results: Initial results indicated that pain severity and life interference from pain were reduced in both groups (P < 0.001), while perception of control was increased (P < 0.001), as was incisal opening without pain (P < 0.05). At the 26-week follow-up, the PSR group reported less pain (P < 0.04) and greater incisal opening, both with (P < 0.04) and without (P < 0.01) pain, than the SDC group. There were also significant decreases (P < 0.05) in affective distress, somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, tender point sensitivity, awareness of tooth contact, and sleep dysfunction for both groups over time. Conclusions: The findings support the use of PSR for the short- and long-term management of muscle pain in the facial region. These results are discussed in terms of the potential mechanisms by which self-regulation treatment strategies are effective for the management of these pain disorders. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Psychol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Kentucky, Orofacial Pain Ctr, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Orofacial Pain Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Orofacial Pain Dept, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Comprehens Dent Dept, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Hosp Dent, Div Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Carlson, CR (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Psychol, 112 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 35 TC 68 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 8 PU QUINTESSENCE PUBL CO INC PI CAROL STREAM PA 551 NORTH KIMBERLY DR, CAROL STREAM, IL 60188-1881 USA SN 1064-6655 J9 J OROFAC PAIN JI J. Orofac. Pain PD WIN PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 47 EP 55 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 400YV UT WOS:000166901000005 PM 11889647 ER PT J AU Fisher, SC Horning, GM Hellstein, JW AF Fisher, SC Horning, GM Hellstein, JW TI Myospherulosis complicating cortical block grafting: A case report SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dental implants, failure; dental implants; grafts, cortical block; follow-up studies; myospherulosis; antibiotics/adverse effects ID DISEASE AB Background: Myospherulosis of the oral cavity is an inflammatory, granulomatous lesion historically associated with the use of petrolatum-based antibiotic ointment placed in third molar extraction sites to prevent postoperative infection. Methods: A case of bilateral myospherulosis is presented, in which large lesions complicated the procurement of a cortical block graft used to prepare a mandibular molar edentulous space for implant placement. By obtaining the block graft from a more lateral location on the mandible, an adequate graft was procured and was successfully grafted into an atrophic edentulous ridge. Results: The cortical block graft was successfully incorporated by the recipient site, which received a wide-body, threaded dental implant 6 months later. Healing was uncomplicated, and a functional implant-supported restoration was successfully achieved. Conclusions: Myospherulosis, though rare today, may present a significant obstacle to the procurement of cortical block grafts. In this case, thorough debridement of the material resulted in subsequent healing of the myospherulosis defect, but prevented procurement of the cortical graft from the planned site. The dimension and volume of the neighboring cortical bone were adequate, and the augmented edentulous space was subsequently restored with a functional endosseous implant. The success seen in these 2 sites would seem to confirm the assumption that size and location of myospherulosis defects are critical factors in obtaining a successful clinical result in implant patients. C1 Natl Naval Dent Ctr, Dept Periodont, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Naval Dent Ctr, Dept Oral Pathol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Fisher, SC (reprint author), USN, Natl Naval Dent Ctr, Sch Postgrad Dent, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1755 EP 1759 DI 10.1902/jop.2001.72.12.1755 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 511EA UT WOS:000173250600016 PM 11811513 ER PT J AU Gragg, RF Wurmser, D Gauss, RC AF Gragg, RF Wurmser, D Gauss, RC TI Small-slope scattering from rough elastic ocean floors: General theory and computational algorithm SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; INTERFACE SCATTERING; SURFACE; APPROXIMATION; MODEL; AMPLITUDE AB In this article acoustic scattering by a random rough interface that separates a fluid incident medium from an underlying uniform scattering medium, either fluid or elastic solid, in cases for which the Bragg scale lies within the power-law tail of the roughness spectrum is dealt with. The physical foundation is an inherently reciprocity-preserving, local small-slope theory. A fully bistatic formulation is developed for the scattering strength, together with a robust numerical implementation that allows a wide range of spectral exponent values. The practical result for ocean acoustics is a significantly improved description of the interface component of sea floor scattering. Calculations are presented to demonstrate the advantage of this approach over perturbation theory, and to illustrate its dependence on frequency and environmental parameters as well as its operation in bistatic geometries. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gragg, RF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 110 IS 6 BP 2878 EP 2901 DI 10.1121/1.1412444 PG 24 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 502EW UT WOS:000172731600007 PM 11785790 ER PT J AU Diachok, O AF Diachok, O TI Interpretation of the spectra of energy scattered by dispersed anchovies SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUND-SCATTERING; PELAGIC FISH; MODEL; STRENGTH AB The spectra of backscattered energy by dispersed anchovies, which were reported by Holliday (1972), reveal several peaks at frequencies that correspond to theoretically calculated resonance frequencies of year classes of anchovies. Theoretical calculations are based on concurrent measurements of distributions of swim bladder dimensions and a modified form of Minnaert's (1933) equation. Differences between calculated and measured values of the mean lengths of the second-, third-, and fourth-year classes are within experimental uncertainties (+/-8%). The calculated mean lengths of juvenile anchovies are in good agreement with historical measurements of the bounds on this parameter (Butler, 1989). Matching of theoretical calculations and measurements of backscattered energy level versus frequency yields estimates of the total Q of the spectral line, Q(T), and the relative number density per year class. The resultant estimate of Q(T) of adult anchovies is approximately 4.4. This value of Q(T) is consistent with laboratory measurements of the Q of individual anchovies, Q(0) (similar to7 at 15 m) and measurements of length distributions of year classes and depth distributions. Resultant estimates of relative number densities of year classes were consistent with historical measurements of the relative number densities of year classes of anchovies in the Southern California Bight. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Diachok, O (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 110 IS 6 BP 2917 EP 2923 DI 10.1121/1.1413996 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 502EW UT WOS:000172731600009 PM 11785792 ER PT J AU Norton, GV Novarini, JC AF Norton, GV Novarini, JC TI On the relative role of sea-surface roughness and bubble plumes in shallow-water propagation in the low-kilohertz region SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BREAKING WIND-WAVES; LANGMUIR CIRCULATION; OCEAN; CLOUDS; MODEL; TRANSMISSION; SCATTERING; EQUATION; FIELD AB In the low-kilohertz frequency range, acoustic transmission in shallow water deteriorates as wind speed increases. Although the losses can be attributed to two environmental factors, the rough sea surface and the bubbles produced when breaking- or spilling waves are present, the relative role of each is still uncertain. For simplicity, in terms of an average bubble population, the time- and space-varying assemblage of microbubbles is usually assumed to be uniform in range anti referred to as "the subsurface bubble layer." However the bubble population is range- and depth-dependent. In this article, results of an experiment [Weston et al., Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 265. 507-606 (1969)] involving fixed source and receivers, and observations during an extended period of time under varying weather conditions are re-examined by exercising a numerical model that allows for the dissection of the problem. Calculations are made at 2- and 4-kHz. It is shown that at these frequencies and at wind speeds capable of generating breaking waves the main mechanism responsible for the excess loss in the shallow-water waveguide is the patchy nature of the subsurface bubble field. Refraction and attenuation within the pockets of high void fraction are minor contributors to the losses. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Long Beach, MS 39560 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 110 IS 6 BP 2946 EP 2955 DI 10.1121/1.1414883 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 502EW UT WOS:000172731600011 ER PT J AU Guillot, FM Jarzynski, J Balizer, E AF Guillot, FM Jarzynski, J Balizer, E TI Measurement of electrostrictive coefficients of polymer films SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMECHANICAL RESPONSE; COMPOSITES AB A new technique to experimentally determine the electrostrictive coefficients of thin polymer films is presented. This technique is a second-order extension of the first-order quasistatic method for the measurement of piezoelectric coefficients previously introduced by Guillot and Jarzynski [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108, 600-607 (2000)]. In the present method, electrically induced strains are measured optically on a rubber-encapsulated sample. These strains are used in a Rayleigh-Ritz procedure that minimizes the total energy of the sample and whose output is a set of three tensile electrostrictive coefficients. The total energy of the sample includes elastic contributions from the polymer and the encapsulating rubber as well as two quadratic electromechanical terms corresponding to Maxwell stress and to electrostriction. Therefore, the external electrostatic effects can be separated from the intrinsic electrostrictive behavior, and the measured coefficients are true material properties. Data obtained on two types of polyurethanes submitted to a bias field of approximately 4 MV/m at 2 kHz and at room temperature are presented. It was found that these materials possess very large electrostrictive coefficients and that the Maxwell stress effect is responsible for less than 13% of their total electromechanical behavior. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Guillot, FM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 110 IS 6 BP 2980 EP 2990 DI 10.1121/1.1416905 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 502EW UT WOS:000172731600015 ER PT J AU DiPerna, DT Feit, D AF DiPerna, DT Feit, D TI An approximate analytic solution for the radiation from a line-driven fluid-loaded plate SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC PLATE; ADMITTANCE; WAVES AB In the analysis of a fluid loaded line-driven plate, the fields in the structure and the fluid arc often expressed in terms of a Fourier transform. Once the boundary conditions are matched, the structural displacement can be expressed as an inverse transform, which can be evaluated using contour integration. The result is then a sum of propagating or decaying waves, each arising from poles in the complex plane, plus a branch cut integral. The branch cut is due to a square root in the transform of the acoustic impedance. The complex layer analysis (CLA) used here eliminates the branch cut singularity by approximating the square root with a rational function, causing the characteristic equation to become a polynomial in the transform variable. An approximate analytic solution to the characteristic equation is then found using a perturbation method. The result is four poles corresponding to the roots of the in vacuo plate, modified by the presence of the fluid, plus an infinity of poles located along the branch cut of the acoustic impedance. The solution is then found analytically using contour integration, with the integrand containing only simple poles. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP DiPerna, DT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 110 IS 6 BP 3018 EP 3024 DI 10.1121/1.1414705 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 502EW UT WOS:000172731600019 ER PT J AU Hanafi, HA Beavers, GM Dykstra, EA AF Hanafi, HA Beavers, GM Dykstra, EA TI New record of Phlebotomus sergenti, the vector of Leishmania tropica, in the southern Nile Valley of Egypt SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Phlebotomus sergenti; distribution; Phlebotominae; Egypt ID OPERATION-DESERT-STORM AB We report the 1st collection of Phlebotomus sergenti, a vector of the cutaneous and visceralizing forms of Leishmania tropica, from southern Egypt. Four female and 1 male P. sergenti were collected from unlit Centers for Disease Control light traps placed in a village on the Nile River, 6 km north of Aswan, Egypt, during studies conducted from 1998 to 1999. This extends the known distribution of this species farther south in Egypt than previously recorded. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Vector Biol Res Program, FPO, AE 09835 USA. RP Hanafi, HA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Vector Biol Res Program, Code 305,PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 17 IS 4 BP 272 EP 274 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 552YC UT WOS:000175646800014 PM 11804468 ER PT J AU Kim, TJ Koo, MS Lee, MS Kim, YD Aspnes, DE Jonker, BT AF Kim, TJ Koo, MS Lee, MS Kim, YD Aspnes, DE Jonker, BT TI Spectroscopic ellipsometric study of the dielectric function of ZnSe and its overlayer SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Seoul International Symposium on the Physics of Semiconductors and Applications CY NOV 01-03, 2000 CL CHEJU, SOUTH KOREA ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GAAS; SI; GE AB Using our best room-temperature < epsilon > spectrum as a representation of the true bulk dielectric function e of ZnSe, we determine the dielectric properties of the natural overlayer on ZuSe by following the evolution of < epsilon > with chemical processing. This overlayer has the optical properties of a Bruggeman effective-medium mixture of a- (amorphous-) Sc. GaAsO3, and voids, showing that previous assumptions about the optical properties of the overlayer and its thickness are incorrect. C1 Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 130701, South Korea. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, TJ (reprint author), Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 130701, South Korea. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 39 SU S BP S372 EP S375 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 506KC UT WOS:000172968700088 ER PT J AU Miller, OF Kolon, TF AF Miller, OF Kolon, TF TI Prenatal diagnosis of VACTERL association SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE urinary tract; genitalia; abnormalities; kidney ID VATER-ASSOCIATION; SPECTRUM; ATRESIA C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Miller, OF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 166 IS 6 BP 2389 EP 2391 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65598-X PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 491WW UT WOS:000172133900121 PM 11696794 ER PT J AU Davis, J Clark, R Blaha, M Giuliani, JL AF Davis, J Clark, R Blaha, M Giuliani, JL TI Atomic physics and non-LTE effects SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-ESCAPE PROBABILITIES; X-RAY; ALUMINUM PLASMAS; Z-PINCHES; RADIATION; EQUATION; DYNAMICS AB Pulsed-power-driven z-pinch plasmas are an intense source of soft X-ray radiation producing, on the Z facility, about 2 MJ of total radiation for a number of tungsten loads and in the case of a multiwire titanium array over 1 MJ total radiation and about 100 kJ from the titanium K-shell. The production and transport of radiation in these non-LTE plasmas are often modeled assuming some variation of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) in conjunction with radiation diffusion. Since these plasmas are neither in LTE or entirely opaque or transparent these models do not properly predict the emitted radiation spectra and yield. Also, application of these models overestimates the radiation cooling to the extent that the evolving hydrodynamic profiles are significantly different from those that would obtain using the appropriate non-LTE model with a more realistic treatment of the radiation transport. In this investigation, we discuss the production and transport of radiation from the viewpoint of the microscopic collisional and radiative processes and then apply it to z-pinch plasmas. Through the use of examples and illustrations, it is shown that for identical initial load conditions, atomic level structure, and rate coefficients, the models predict different results that affect the dynamic evolution and hydrodynamic history of the plasma. As an example, the emission spectrum is generated using a 1-D radiation MHD model self-consistently coupled to a circuit representing the Sandia Z facility. A comparison is then made between several standard models of ionization dynamics for a multiwire titanium array. Finally, we address some of the issues regarding how the dense plasma environment influences isolated atom structure and processes. These include, for example, atomic level shifts, ionization lowering, collision cross sections, and collision widths. Transition from the isolated-atom to the dressed-particle picture can modify the ionization physics and emission spectra to such an extent that it may challenge our precepts on how best to design loads for the next generation machine. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Code 6720,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2001 VL 19 IS 4 BP 557 EP 577 DI 10.1017/S0263034061194048 PG 21 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 554PN UT WOS:000175744800005 ER PT J AU Mosher, D Weber, BV Moosman, B Commisso, RJ Coleman, P Waisman, E Sze, H Song, Y Parks, D Steen, P Levine, J Failor, B Fisher, A AF Mosher, D Weber, BV Moosman, B Commisso, RJ Coleman, P Waisman, E Sze, H Song, Y Parks, D Steen, P Levine, J Failor, B Fisher, A TI Measurement and analysis of gas-puff density distributions for plasma radiation source z pinches SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY POWER; IMPLOSION EXPERIMENTS; INTERFEROMETER AB High-sensitivity interferometry measurements of initial density distributions are reviewed for a wide range of gas-puff nozzles used in plasma radiation source (PRS) z-pinch experiments. Accurate gas distributions are required for determining experimental load parameters, modeling implosion dynamics, understanding the radiation properties of the stagnated pinch, and for predicting PRS performance in future experiments. For a number of these nozzles, a simple ballistic-gas-flow model (BFM) has been used to provide good physics-based analytic fits to the measured r, z density distributions. These BFM fits provide a convenient means to smoothly interpolate radial density distributions between discrete axial measurement locations for finer-zoned two-dimensional MHD calculations, and can be used to determine how changes in nozzle parameters and load geometry might alter implosion dynamics and radiation performance. These measurement and analysis techniques are demonstrated for a nested-shell nozzle used in Double Eagle and Saturn experiments. For this nozzle, the analysis suggests load modifications that may increase the K-shell yield. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Maxwell Phys Int, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Mosher, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Code 6770,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2001 VL 19 IS 4 BP 579 EP 595 DI 10.1017/S026303460119405X PG 17 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 554PN UT WOS:000175744800006 ER PT J AU Kaye, FJ AF Kaye, FJ TI Molecular biology of lung cancer SO LUNG CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Standards and New Trends in Diagnosis and Therapy CY OCT 05-07, 2001 CL MED ACAD BIALYSTOK, BIALYSTOK, POLAND HO MED ACAD BIALYSTOK DE small cell lung cancer; non-small cell lung cancer; tumor suppressor gene; genetics ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR LOCUS; CARCINOMA CELL-LINES; P53 GENE-MUTATIONS; LARGE-T-ANTIGEN; L-MYC GENE; C-MYC; N-MYC; MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA; PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITY; TELOMERASE ACTIVITY AB Lung cancer develops slowly over many years from the sequential accumulation of gene alterations in susceptible pulmonary cells. The global epidemic of tobacco addiction has accelerated the incidence of lung cancer and has now focused increased attention on this disease worldwide. This review will briefly outline some of the tumor suppressor gene pathways that are known or suspected to play an important role in the development of this deadly malignancy. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 NCI, Genet Branch, Ctr Canc Res, Navy Oncol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Naval Hosp, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Kaye, FJ (reprint author), NCI, Genet Branch, Ctr Canc Res, Navy Oncol, Bldg 8,Room 5105, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RI kaye, frederic/E-2437-2011 NR 87 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0169-5002 J9 LUNG CANCER-J IASLC JI Lung Cancer PD DEC PY 2001 VL 34 SU 2 BP S35 EP S41 DI 10.1016/S0169-5002(01)00342-7 PG 7 WC Oncology; Respiratory System SC Oncology; Respiratory System GA 506KP UT WOS:000172970000005 PM 11720739 ER PT J AU Zajac-Kaye, M AF Zajac-Kaye, M TI Myc oncogene: a key component in cell cycle regulation and its implication for lung cancer SO LUNG CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Standards and New Trends in Diagnosis and Therapy CY OCT 05-07, 2001 CL MED ACAD BIALYSTOK, BIALYSTOK, POLAND HO MED ACAD BIALYSTOK DE Myc; lung cancer; cell cycle; pRB pathway; cyclins; cdk; cdk1 ID C-MYC; EXPRESSION; GENE; KINASE; GROWTH; INDUCTION; P27; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTION; AMPLIFICATION AB The Myc gene family which includes c-Myc, N-Myc and L-Myc, are transcription factors that play a role in cell proliferation, apoptosis and in the development of human tumors. Myc amplification and overexpression has been detected in lung cancer of different histologic subtypes. Although the mechanism of Myc action is not yet fully understood, Myc has been proposed to play a role in growth control and cell cycle progression by stimulating and repressing the expression of key cell cycle regulators. This review will focus on the role of Myc in stimulating the G1/S transition of the cell cycle by regulating the levels and activity of cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases (cdk), cdk inhibitors and the pRb-binding transcription factor E2F. It is proposed that both the overexpression of Myc and the deregulation of the pRB/E2F pathway promotes the G1 to S transition in parallel by activating cyclinE/cdk2 complexes in lung cancer cells. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 Naval Hosp, Ctr Canc Res, NCI, NIH,Navy Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Zajac-Kaye, M (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Ctr Canc Res, NCI, NIH,Navy Oncol Branch, Bldg 8,R 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 33 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0169-5002 J9 LUNG CANCER-J IASLC JI Lung Cancer PD DEC PY 2001 VL 34 SU 2 BP S43 EP S46 DI 10.1016/S0169-5002(01)00343-9 PG 4 WC Oncology; Respiratory System SC Oncology; Respiratory System GA 506KP UT WOS:000172970000006 PM 11720740 ER PT J AU Byrne, S Clifford, B Simmons, W Depner, J Reed, B Moestikiwati, J Smith, G AF Byrne, S Clifford, B Simmons, W Depner, J Reed, B Moestikiwati, J Smith, G TI Processing data for seafloor mapping: Integration and metrics SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on High Resolution Surveys in Shallow Waters CY OCT, 1999 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA AB Today's state-of-the-art hydrographic survey instrumentation produces higher resolution and more densely sampled measurements than,were available in the past. This supports improvements in the definition of seafloor features and characteristics, however, it also places more stringent requirements on the systems used to process seafloor survey data. In shallow water environments bathymetric sampling rates can exceed 4000 soundings per second and data from Digital Side-Scan Sonar Systems can exceed I Gb/hr. In. support of the Second International Conference on High-Resolution Surveys in Shallow Water, and working in cooperation with Reson Inc., Goleta, Ca., and the University of New Hampshire's Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Newport, RI conducted a survey of the conference common data set test area in Portsmouth. Harbor using a Reson 8125 dual-head sonar system. ne acquired data were made available as part of the conference common dataset. An area-based approach to data cleaning, including the use of an automated filter for spike detection, is presented. Resource and effort metrics associated with the processing of samples from the common data set are provided. This includes corrector application, data cleaning, validation, and quality control. Results from the area-based approach are compared with results from a traditional line-oriented approach. Three bathymetric datasets from. Portsmouth Harbor are compared and the results reported. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Byrne, S (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Newport, RI USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 35 IS 4 BP 20 EP 32 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 539LR UT WOS:000174872100003 ER PT J AU Hemker, KJ Last, H AF Hemker, KJ Last, H TI Microsample tensile testing of LIGA nickel for MEMS applications SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Meeting of the International Conference on the Strength of Materials (ICSMA 12) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2000 CL ASILOMAR, CALIFORNIA DE LIGA Ni components; microsample tensile testing; MEMS applications AB Electro-deposited LIGA Ni components are being considered for use in a number of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and applications. The metrology of these components and their non-equilibrium microstructures play an important role in determining the mechanical response of these structures. Microsample testing has proven to be a reliable way of measuring the elastic and plastic tensile properties of these 100-200 mum thick films. Measured values of the in-plane Young's modulus (180 +/- 24 GPa) are significantly lower than the modulus for bulk coarse grained Ni (207 GPa), but can be explained and modeled in terms of the crystallographic texture in the as-deposited films. Variations in strength associated with post-processing heat treatments are highlighted and explained in terms of microstructural coarsening. The effect that coarsening and the related drop in strength have on the performance of LIGA Ni spring-like structures is discussed. and the need for further high temperature testing is highlighted. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Inst Def Anal, Alexandria, VA USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Hemker, KJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Hemker, Kevin/A-3315-2010 NR 15 TC 78 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 319 SI SI BP 882 EP 886 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)00956-X PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 510ME UT WOS:000173211200180 ER PT J AU Spanos, G Moon, DW Fonda, RW Menon, ESK Fox, AG AF Spanos, G Moon, DW Fonda, RW Menon, ESK Fox, AG TI Microstructural, compositional, and microhardness variations across a gas-metal arc weldment made with an ultralow-carbon consumable SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HSLA-100 STEEL AB An experimental gas-metal are (GMA) weldment of HSLA-100 steel fabricated with an ultralow-carbon (ULC) consumable of interest for United States Navy applications, designated "ARC100," was studied to determine the relationships among the microstructure, the solute redistributions at various positions across the weldment, and the local properties (microhardness). These relationships were investigated by a variety of techniques, including microhardness mapping, optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) (including compositional X-ray mapping), and parallel electron energy-loss spectroscopy (PEELS). The microconstituents observed in this weld include lath ferrite, degenerate ferrite, lath martensite, retained austenite, and oxide inclusions; no carbides or other solid-state precipitates are present within the weld metal. Microhardness mapping indicates an undermatched weld metal (lower hardness as compared to the base plate) in which the hardest regions are in the first and last top beads, the root passes, and between highly ferritic soft bands associated with the outer portion of each weld bead's heat-affected zone (HAZ) (within the fusion zone). The majority of the gradient in the substitutional alloying elements (Ni, Cu, Mn, and Cr) occurs within a region of less than about 0.5 mm of the fusion boundary, but the composition still changes even well into the fusion zone. Appreciable segregation of Ni and Cu to solidification cell boundaries occurs, and there is appreciable enrichment of C, Ni, Cu, and Mn in thin films of interlath retained austenite. This ULC weld metal is softer than the base plate due to the preponderance of lath ferrite rather than lath martensite, even at the high cooling rates experienced in this low-heat-input weld. Alternatively, the strength of the weld metal is due to the presence of at least some untempered lath martensite and the fact that the majority of the ferrite is lath ferrite and not polygonal ferrite. The interlath retained austenite might enhance toughness, but might also serve as a source of hydrogen in solution, which could potentially contribute to hydrogen-assisted cracking. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Spanos, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 32 IS 12 BP 3043 EP 3054 DI 10.1007/s11661-001-0179-6 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 506EK UT WOS:000172956700013 ER PT J AU Teixeira, J Miranda, PMA AF Teixeira, J Miranda, PMA TI Fog prediction at Lisbon Airport using a one-dimensional boundary layer model SO METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; PROGNOSTIC CLOUD SCHEME; RADIATION FOG; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATION; STRATUS AB Fog is the most important physical process that reduces surface visibility, having a major negative impact on air traffic. In this study, a one-dimensional boundary layer model was developed in order to predict the occurrence and intensity of fog. The model uses a selection of parameterisations, suggested by different authors, and uses the finite element method for the vertical discretisation of the equations. The 1977 Cabauw fog event is used to validate the model and eight fog events at Lisbon Airport are simulated. The validation shows that the model is able to predict realistically the fog's onset, growth and dissipation. The fog forecasts at Lisbon Airport are, in general, quite reasonable, and a simple simulation of a fog event, where advection played a fundamental role, also gives realistic results. C1 Univ Lisbon, Ctr Geofis, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Lisbon, Dept Phys, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Teixeira, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RI Miranda, Pedro/B-6971-2008 OI Miranda, Pedro/0000-0002-4288-9456 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 1350-4827 J9 METEOROL APPL JI Meteorol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 8 IS 4 BP 497 EP 505 DI 10.1017/S135048270100411X PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 515CZ UT WOS:000173479000011 ER PT J AU Hackman, RJ AF Hackman, RJ TI Predicting Farnsworth Lantern success with a six-plate series of the Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The Farnsworth Lantern (FALANT) is the definitive color vision test for the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. It is also the definitive color vision test for aviation personnel in the Army. Results from it are also accepted by the Federal Aviation Administration. For various reasons, it is desirable to have an alternative test that can predict success (i.e., a passing score) on the FALANT. In 1991, it was shown that a 14-plate series of Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates could predict FALANT success provided the proper passing criteria was chosen. Interest has arisen regarding whether or not a 6-plate series of Ishihara plates can predict FALANT success. A study was undertaken to answer this question. It appears that a 6-plate series of Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates can predict FALANT success. C1 USN, Air Stn, Branch Med Clin, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. RP Hackman, RJ (reprint author), USN, Air Stn, Branch Med Clin, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 166 IS 12 BP 1046 EP 1048 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DJ UT WOS:000181419700006 PM 11778400 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK McKeehan, JA Gray, GC AF Ryan, MAK McKeehan, JA Gray, GC CA Pneumococcal Vaccine Study Team TI Pneumococcal vaccine to counter emerging infectious disease threat in the military SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-STATES; MARINE-CORPS; RISK-FACTORS; PREVENTION; ADULTS; IMMUNIZATION; BACTEREMIA AB Streptococcus pneumoniae causes severe morbidity and mortality worldwide and poses a significant threat to the health and readiness of U.S. military personnel. Although a vaccine to prevent pneumococcal infections has been available for almost 25 years, its use has been limited. Recently, increasing antibiotic resistance among S. pneumoniae strains has emerged, prompting health care professionals to reevaluate the benefit of administering pneumococcal vaccine. The Naval Health Research Center, in collaboration with professionals from numerous civilian and military organizations, has initiated a rigorous double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the operational value of vaccinating young adults as they enlist in the military. C1 USN, Hlth Res ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 166 IS 12 BP 1087 EP 1090 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DJ UT WOS:000181419700016 ER PT J AU Helmers, S AF Helmers, S CA Bremerton Model Task Force TI The Bremerton enrollment capacity model: An enrollment capacity model supporting the military health system optimization plan SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TRICARE 2000 Conference CY FEB 01, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. AB The Department of Defense has launched several initiatives to improve efficiency and quality of care in the military health system. The goal of empaneling 1,300 to 1,500 patients per primary care manager did not correlate well with Naval Hospital Bremerton's experience and did not accurately account for military-specific requirements. The Bremerton Model Task Force was chartered to assess current business practices, identify areas for improvement, and develop a capacity model reflecting military readiness and residency training requirements. Methods included a 12-month review of patient visits and staff surveys of how providers spent their day, with time-and-motion analysis to verify assumptions. Our capacity results (average, 791 enrollees per primary care manager) demonstrated that objective measures at the local level do not support enrollment to Department of Defense-specified levels. Significant changes in "corporate culture" are necessary to accomplish the military health system goals. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Orthoped Surg, Bremerton, WA 98312 USA. RP Helmers, S (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 166 IS 12 BP 1099 EP 1106 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DJ UT WOS:000181419700019 PM 11778413 ER PT J AU Doolan, DL Waters, AP AF Doolan, DL Waters, AP TI Foreword - MBP thematic issue on genomics SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands. RP Doolan, DL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RI Waters, Andy/C-9377-2009; Coppel, Ross/A-6626-2008; Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 OI Waters, Andy/0000-0001-8900-2982; Coppel, Ross/0000-0002-4476-9124; NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 118 IS 2 BP 127 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(01)00389-9 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 511EL UT WOS:000173251600001 PM 11738701 ER PT J AU Witney, AA Doolan, DL Anthony, RM Weiss, WR Hoffman, SL Carucci, DJ AF Witney, AA Doolan, DL Anthony, RM Weiss, WR Hoffman, SL Carucci, DJ TI Determining liver stage parasite burden by real time quantitative PCR as a method for evaluating pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine efficacy SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TaqMan; rodent malaria; vaccine efficacy ID YOELII CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; SPOROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-2; CD8+ T-CELLS; PLASMODIUM-YOELII; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PLASMID DNA; IMMUNIZATION; HEPATOCYTES; BERGHEI AB The detection and quantitation of blood stage parasitaemia is typically used as a surrogate endpoint for estimating the efficacy of vaccines targeted against the hepatic stage, as well as the erythrocytic stage, of the parasite. However, this does not provide an adequate means of evaluating the efficacy or vaccines, which may be only partially effective at the liver-stage. This is a particular concern for effective evaluation of immune enhancement strategies for candidate pre-erythrocytic stage vaccines. Here, we have developed and validated a method for detecting and quantitating liver stage parasites, using the TaqMan(R) fluorescent real-time quantitative PCR system (PE Applied Biosystems). This method uses TaqMan(R) primers designed to the Plasmodium yoelii 18S rRNA gene and rodent GAPDH to amplify products from infected mouse liver cDNA. The technique is highly reproducible as demonstrated with plasmid controls and capable of efficiently quantitating liver-stage parasite burden following a range of sporozoite challenge doses in strains of mice, which differ in their susceptibility to sporozoite infection. We have further demonstrated the capacity of this technique to evaluate the efficacy of a range of pre-erythrocytic stage vaccines. Our data establish this quantitative real-time PCR assay to be a fast and reproducible way of accurately assessing liver stage parasite burden and vaccine efficacy in rodent malaria models. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Carucci, DJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Room 3A4O, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; OI Witney, Adam/0000-0003-4561-7170 NR 24 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 118 IS 2 BP 233 EP 245 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(01)00372-3 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 511EL UT WOS:000173251600012 PM 11738713 ER PT J AU Foos, EE Stroud, RM Berry, AD AF Foos, EE Stroud, RM Berry, AD TI Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline bismuth telluride SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURES; THERMOELECTRIC FIGURE; MERIT; SB2TE3; MOCVD AB We report the first synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline Bi2Te3 with particle sizes less than 10 nm. The reaction of BiOClO4.xH(2)O with (Me3Si)(2)Te in a reverse micelle formed by sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate and water in hexane has produced good yields (71%) of a black powder that has been characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Berry, AD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Mail Code 6174, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 18 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 1 IS 12 BP 693 EP 695 DI 10.1021/nl0156279 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 525NN UT WOS:000174078000005 ER PT J AU Hartman, PJ AF Hartman, PJ TI Predicting the number of defects remaining in operational software SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Software is becoming increasingly critical to the Fleet as more and more commercial off-the-shelf (CM) programs are being introduced in operating systems and applications. Program managers need to specify, contract, and manage the development and integration of software for warfare systems, condition based monitoring, propulsion control, parts requisitions, and shipboard administration. The intention here is to describe the state-of-the-art in Software Reliability Engineering (SRE) and defect prediction for commercial and military programs. The information presented here is based on data from the commercial software industry and shipboard program development. ne strengths and weaknesses of four failure models are compared using these cases. The Logarithmic Poisson Execution Time (LPET) model best fits the data and satisfied the fundamental principles of reliability theory. The paper presents the procedures for defining software failures, tracking defects, and making spreadsheet predictions of the defects still remaining in the software after it has been deployed. Rules-of-thumb for the number of defects in commercial software and the relative expense required to fix these errors are provided for perspective. C1 USN, Sea Syst Commands Human Syst Integrat Div, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Hartman, PJ (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Commands Human Syst Integrat Div, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 113 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2001.tb00008.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627GY UT WOS:000179926500001 ER PT J AU Rechel, AA Lavalle, JJG Gooding, TR Chrisospathis, A AF Rechel, AA Lavalle, JJG Gooding, TR Chrisospathis, A TI Near-term organic mine countermeasures ship (NMCM): Ship conversion feasibility study SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The recent proliferation of regional conflicts and the shift in naval operational theaters from the open ocean to the littoral environment has accentuated the danger of asymmetric threats to U.S. forces. One of the more effective of these threats has been waterborne mines. The historical approach to a mine threat has involved special purpose systems that are very effective, but slow to respond to developing crises. The accelerated pace of modern and future operations calls for a mine countermeasures (MCM) system that can rapidly respond to changing operational conditions. This study evaluates the feasibility of converting FFG 7 class frigates into MCM platforms that can deploy with battle groups to provide instantly available MCM capability. This conversion would be an interim solution, until a new platform can be developed, so-it is called the Near-Term Mine Countermeasures Ship (NMCM). The study determined that such a conversion would be feasible, with an estimated cost of $673 million per ship. C1 Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, VA 23705 USA. RP Rechel, AA (reprint author), Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, VA 23705 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 113 IS 1 BP 45 EP 61 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2001.tb00010.x PG 17 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627GY UT WOS:000179926500003 ER PT J AU Sacks, S AF Sacks, S TI Naval research into the new millennium - Pitfalls, challenges, and opportunities SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Naval research will be critical in meeting the challenges of the new millennium. Pitfalls in the process exist. This article discusses how modeling and simulation can lead to incorrect conclusions and how over-reliance on inclusion of commercial off-the-shelf produces may not yield what is really needed. The idea that Information Technology may not be the answer to every need, and can actually cause problems, is also discussed. Research opportunities are addressed. The article reviews the issue of whether the new paradigm of a single corporate entity defining a new generation of ships will necessarily bring into the picture research and technology concepts that may derive from a broader team approach. C1 USN, Res Lab, Technol Base Ballist Missile Def Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sacks, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Technol Base Ballist Missile Def Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 113 IS 1 BP 89 EP 92 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2001.tb00014.x PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627GY UT WOS:000179926500007 ER PT J AU Marin, A Salmeron, J AF Marin, A Salmeron, J TI A risk function for the stochastic modeling of electric capacity expansion SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE capacity expansion; power generation planning; generalized Benders' Decomposition; stochastic programming ID GENERALIZED BENDERS DECOMPOSITION; ROBUST OPTIMIZATION; UNCERTAIN DEMAND; PLANNING PROBLEM; IMPLEMENTATION; GENERATION; MANAGEMENT; ALGORITHM; PROGRAMS; SYSTEMS AB We present a stochastic optimization model for planning capacity expansion under capacity deterioration and demand uncertainty. The paper focuses on the electric sector, although the methodology can be used in other applications. The goals of the model are deciding which energy types must be installed, and when. Another goal is providing an initial generation plan for short periods of the planning horizon that might be adequately modified in real time assuming penalties in the operation cost. Uncertainty is modeled under the assumption that the demand is a random vector. The cost of the risk associated with decisions that may need some tuning in the future is included in the objective function. The proposed scheme to solve the nonlinear stochastic optimization model is Generalized Benders' decomposition. We also exploit the Benders' subproblem structure to solve it efficiently. Computational results for moderate-size problems are presented along with comparison to a general-purpose nonlinear optimization package. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Aeronaut, Dept Matemat Aplicada & Estadist, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Marin, A (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Aeronaut, Dept Matemat Aplicada & Estadist, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 8 BP 662 EP 683 DI 10.1002/nav.1041 PG 22 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 493GY UT WOS:000172215300002 ER PT J AU Bashkansky, M Lewis, D Pujari, V Reintjes, J Yu, HY AF Bashkansky, M Lewis, D Pujari, V Reintjes, J Yu, HY TI Subsurface detection and characterization of Hertzian cracks in Si3N4 balls using optical coherence tomography SO NDT & E INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE optical probe; crack detection; nondestructive testing ID DEFECT DETECTION; CERAMICS; INDENTATION AB We detected and mapped the subsurface extent of the Hertzian crack on the surface of a silicon nitride ball using optical coherence tomography. We find that the crack propagates initially perpendicular to the surface for about 50 mum after which it bends at an angle of similar to 20 degrees to the surface. These measurements are compared with predictions of crack propagation theories based on principal stresses and on maximum strain energy release. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. St Gobain Ind Ceram Inc, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. RP Bashkansky, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5614, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bashkansky@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0963-8695 EI 1879-1174 J9 NDT&E INT JI NDT E Int. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 34 IS 8 BP 547 EP 555 DI 10.1016/S0963-8695(01)00014-7 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 459ZJ UT WOS:000170281100006 ER PT J AU Thomas, AG Brodine, SK Shaffer, R Shafer, MA Boyer, CB Putnam, S Schachter, J AF Thomas, AG Brodine, SK Shaffer, R Shafer, MA Boyer, CB Putnam, S Schachter, J TI Chlamydial infection and unplanned pregnancy in women with ready access to health care SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; NATIONAL SURVEY; GENERAL-POPULATION; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; YOUNG-ADULTS; ALCOHOL-USE AB OBJECTIVE: To apply urine-based ligase chain reaction for Chlamydia trachomatis (C trachomatis) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) detection and standard urine-based pregnancy testing for Navy-enlisted women, and to compare the prevalence and epidemiologic correlates of these adverse reproductive outcomes. METHODS: Participants were surveyed and urine was collected for pregnancy testing using standard laboratory methods and detection of C trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infection by ligase chain reaction. Self-administered surveys facilitated collection of demographics, sexual behavior, including contraceptive use, sexual partners, sexually transmitted disease, and pregnancy history. RESULTS: Among 299 of 314 participants, the prevalence of chlamydial infection was 4.7% and of pregnancy was 9.7%, with 48.3% of the pregnancies unplanned. Chlamydia trachomatis infection was univariately associated with having a new sex partner within the last 6 months, more sexual partners, single marital status, condom use, drinking until passing out or vomiting in the past 30 days (alcohol misuse), and current pregnancy. Unplanned pregnancy was univariately associated with young age, single marital status, inconsistent condom use, having a new sex partner within the last 6 months, and more recent sexual partners. Among the pregnant women, four (13.8%) were infected with C trachomatis. CONCLUSION: The high rates of chlamydial infection and unplanned pregnancy found in this population of employed young women with ready access to health care and health education underscore the challenge of enhancing reproductive health via compliance with effective contraceptive and sexually transmitted disease prevention methods. This is a challenge that remains unmet. (Obstet Gynecol 2001;98:1117-23. (C) 2001 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.). C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Operat Readiness Res Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, Div Adolescent Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USN, Environm Prevent Med Unit 5, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Thomas, AG (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Operat Readiness Res Program, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1117 EP 1123 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 497UW UT WOS:000172474700022 PM 11755563 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Zheng, JL Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Zheng, JL Sun, FR Wu, C TI Power density analysis for a regenerated closed Brayton cycle SO OPEN SYSTEMS & INFORMATION DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID FINITE-TIME THERMODYNAMICS; COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; HEAT-ENGINE; MAXIMUM POWER; GAS-TURBINE; ECOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION; OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE; CARNOT ENGINE; EFFICIENCY AB In this paper, the power density, defined as the ratio of power output to the maximum specific volume in the cycle, is set as the objective for performance analysis of an irreversible, regenerated and closed Brayton cycle coupled to constant-temperature heat reservoirs from the viewpoint of finite time thermodynamics (FTT) or entropy generation minimization (EGM). The analytical formulae about the relations between power density and pressure ratio are derived with the heat resistance losses in the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers and the regenerator, the irreversible compression and expansion losses in the compressor and turbine, and the pressure loss in the pipe. The results obtained are compared with those obtained by using the maximum power criterion. The influences of some design parameters, including the effectiveness of the regenerator, the temperature ratio of heat reservoirs, the effectivenesses of heat exchangers between working fluid and heat reservoirs, the efficiencies of the compressor and the turbine, and the pressure recovery coefficient, on the maximum power density are illustrated by numerical examples, and advantages and disadvantages of maximum power density design are analyzed, When heat transfers between working fluid and heat reservoirs are carried out ideally, the results of this paper coincide with those obtained in recent literature. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1230-1612 J9 OPEN SYST INF DYN JI Open Syst. Inf. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 8 IS 4 BP 377 EP 391 DI 10.1023/A:1013958005978 PG 15 WC Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Physics; Mathematics GA 529VB UT WOS:000174319800007 ER PT J AU Bloom, DC Earhart, KC Keefe, MA AF Bloom, DC Earhart, KC Keefe, MA TI Head and neck manifestation of mycobacterium avium complex disease as a consequence of return of immunocompetency in AIDS SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID THERAPY C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Bloom, DC (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 125 IS 6 BP 668 EP 669 DI 10.1067/mhn.2001.120432 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 507FZ UT WOS:000173017500025 PM 11743478 ER PT J AU McLay, RN Pan, WH Kastin, AJ AF McLay, RN Pan, WH Kastin, AJ TI Effects of peptides on animal and human behavior: A review of studies published in the first twenty years of the journal Peptides SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Review DE peptides; behavior; activity; addiction; ingestion; learning; memory; nociception; sex; stereotypy ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR; STRESS-INDUCED ANALGESIA; GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE; REDUCES FOOD-INTAKE; VASOACTIVE-INTESTINAL-PEPTIDE; VASOPRESSIN ANALOG DDAVP; MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE; HYPOTHALAMIC NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; EXCESSIVE GROOMING BEHAVIOR; ACTIVE-AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR AB This review catalogs effects of peptides on various aspects of animal and human behavior as published in the journal Peptides in its first twenty years. Topics covered include: activity levels, addiction behavior, ingestive behaviors, learning and memory-based behaviors, nociceptive behaviors, social and sexual behavior, and stereotyped and other behaviors. There are separate tables for these behaviors and a short introduction for each section. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 VA Med Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Neurosci Training Program, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA USA. RP Pan, WH (reprint author), VA Med Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM wpan@tulane.edu NR 610 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD DEC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2181 EP 2255 DI 10.1016/S0196-9781(01)00550-2 PG 75 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 512DA UT WOS:000173304800033 PM 11786208 ER PT J AU Glaser, ER Freitas, JA Braga, GC Carlos, WE Twigg, ME Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL Leszczynski, M Grzegory, I Suski, T Porowski, S Park, SS Lee, KY Molnar, RJ AF Glaser, ER Freitas, JA Braga, GC Carlos, WE Twigg, ME Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL Leszczynski, M Grzegory, I Suski, T Porowski, S Park, SS Lee, KY Molnar, RJ TI Magnetic resonance studies of defects in GaN with reduced dislocation densities SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL GIESSEN, GERMANY DE GaN; homoepitaxial; photoluminescence; magnetic resonance; HVPE ID VAPOR-PHASE-EPITAXY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; WURTZITE GAN; FILMS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ACCEPTOR; RECOMBINATION; SPECTROSCOPY; LAYERS; DONOR AB Magnetic resonance experiments, including optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), have been performed on Si-doped homoepitaxial GaN layers grown by MOCVD and on high quality, free-standing (similar to 200 mum-thick) GaN grown by HVPE. This allowed us to obtain information on the properties of native defects and dopants in GaN with a significantly reduced density of dislocations (< 10(7) cm(-2)) compared to that typically observed (similar to mid 10(8)-10(10) cm(-2)) in conventional heteroepitaxial GaN layers. The high structural and optical quality of the layers was revealed by cross-sectional TEM and detailed low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) studies, respectively. ODMR at 24 GHz on strong shallow donor-shallow acceptor recombination from the Si-doped homoepitaxial layer reveals evidence for Si or C shallow acceptors on the N sites. EPR of the new free-standing HVPE GaN confirms the low concentration of residual donors (similar to 10(16) cm(-3)) as determined by Hall effect measurements, In addition, new deep centers are found from ODMR on the 2.4 eV "green" PL band and on the broad emission less than 1.8 eV from the HVPE GaN template. However, contrary to expectations, the reduction of random strain fields (associated with dislocations) has not led to significant changes in the character of the magnetic resonance (such as resolved electron-nuclear hyperfine structure) compared to that typically found for heteroepitaxial GaN layers. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Polish Acad Sci, UNIPRESS, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. Samsung SAIT, Suwon 440600, South Korea. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. RP Glaser, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC PY 2001 VL 308 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(01)00648-2 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 518GV UT WOS:000173660100013 ER PT J AU Carlos, WE Moore, WJ Braga, GCB Freitas, JA Glaser, ER Shanabrook, BV AF Carlos, WE Moore, WJ Braga, GCB Freitas, JA Glaser, ER Shanabrook, BV TI Contactless studies of semi-insulating 4H-SiC SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL GIESSEN, GERMANY DE silicon carbide; semi-insulating; EPR; IR ID BORON ACCEPTOR AB Semi-insulating (SI) silicon carbide is important for applications in high-power, high-frequency electronics, such as SiC MESFETs and GaN FETs. In this work, we discuss the use of low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), room- and low-temperature FTIR and photoluminescence as potential screening probes. In addition, the improved materials quality enhances the resolution of such spectroscopic measurements to better understand the material. The EPR spectra reveal the expected V4+ as well as the shallow boron center, suggesting inhomogeneities in the B and/or V distribution. We observe significant reduction in the free-carrier absorption compared with n-type material and the intra-3d-shell E-2-T-2(2) IR absorption. In addition. we observe an N-related gap mode which may serve as a quantitative probe of the N content. The photoluminescence from the V-doped sample exhibits weak donor-bound excitons and shows a broad structured band near 3.0 eV related to recombination between photoneutralized N-donors and photoneutralized acceptors. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Univ Brasilia, Inst Phys, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Carlos, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6862, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC PY 2001 VL 308 BP 691 EP 694 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(01)00870-5 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 518GV UT WOS:000173660100173 ER PT J AU Carlos, WE Glaser, ER Look, DC AF Carlos, WE Glaser, ER Look, DC TI Magnetic resonance studies of ZnO SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL GIESSEN, GERMANY DE ZnO; magnetic resonance; acceptors; donors; triplet state ID ZINC-OXIDE; ZNSE; FILMS AB We have used EPR and ODMR to study state-of-the-art bulk ZnO single crystals. Most of the samples are n-type, however, under certain conditions (e-irradiated or annealed), we observe a center due to residual nitrogen (g(parallel to) = 1.9953, g perpendicular to = 1.9633 and A(iso) = 1.225 mT, A(aniso) = 0.864 mT). The N center is a nitrogen p-orbital along the c-axis, very similar to P or As in ZnSe, which have a Jahn-Teller distorted, deep state, seen in EPR. The intensity of the N center is strongly anisotropic, as would be expected for shallow heavy-hole acceptors with m(J) = +/- 1/2 in which the magnetic dipole transition is forbidden for Bparallel toc and becomes allowed away from that orientation due to mixing with m(J) = 1, states. The EPR spectra for the n-type samples are dominated by delocalized donors (g parallel to = 1.9570 and g perpendicular to = 1.9551). In one sample, the donor appears to be localized. These crystals also exhibit a broad PL band at 2.5 eV. ODMR on the 2.5 eV ''green'' PL band reveals an S= I triplet center (not seen in EPR) with spin-Hamiltonian parameters of D = 0.763 GHz, gparallel to = 1.9710, and g perpendicular to= 2.0224. ODMR of shallow donors is also observed as a luminescence-decreasing feature on the 2.5 eV green emission band. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Carlos, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6862, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC PY 2001 VL 308 BP 976 EP 979 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(01)00850-X PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 518GV UT WOS:000173660100246 ER PT J AU Zhu, XQ Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Zhu, XQ Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Optimum performance of a generalized irreversible carnot heat pump with a generalized heat transfer law SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION; CYCLES; COEFFICIENT; LOAD AB The sole irreversibility considered in an endoreversible Carnot heat pump model is the loss of heat resistance between the heat pump and its surrounding heat reservoirs. This paper presents a generalized irreversible Carnot heat pump model by taking into account several additional internal irreversibilities of the heat pump. such as heat leakage, friction, turbulence and other undesirable irreversibility factors. This is done by means of a constant parameter and a constant coefficient, together with the loss of heat resistance. The relation between optimal heating load and coefficient of performance (COP) is derived based on a generalized heat transfer law Q = K (DeltaT)(m). The effect of heat leakage, internal irreversibility, and heat transfer law on the optimal performance of the generalized irreversible Carnot heat pump is investigated. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 64 IS 6 BP 584 EP 587 DI 10.1238/Physica.Regular.064a00584 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 509HC UT WOS:000173140100010 ER PT J AU Yanagihara, H Salamon, MB Lyanda-Geller, Y Xu, S Moritomo, Y AF Yanagihara, H Salamon, MB Lyanda-Geller, Y Xu, S Moritomo, Y TI Magnetotransport in double perovskite Sr2FeMoO6: Role of magnetic and nonmagnetic disorder SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INTERGRAIN TUNNELING MAGNETORESISTANCE; MANGANITES; CRYSTAL AB The resistivity rho (xx), the Hall effect. and magnetization M of a single crystal of Sr2FeMoO6 (SFMO) have been Studied in a wide temperature range. The ordinary Hall effect (OHE) is negative. identifying electrons as charge current carriers, while the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is of opposite sign. A theoretical analysis demonstrates that the sign of AHE. whether from skew scattering or side jump mechanisms, depends on the relative strength of magnetic and nonmagnetic disorder. the observed sign indicating dominant magnetic disorder in SFMO. Both anomalous Hall conductivity (sigma (A)(xy)) and rho (xx) show simple scaling with M. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Crystalline Mat Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. Nagoya Univ, CIRSE, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Yanagihara, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 21 AR 214407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.214407 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 499EH UT WOS:000172557700049 ER PT J AU Selinger, JV Collings, PJ Shashidhar, R AF Selinger, JV Collings, PJ Shashidhar, R TI Field-dependent tilt and birefringence of electroclinic liquid crystals: Theory and experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SMECTIC-A; LAYER THICKNESS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; BEHAVIOR AB An unresolved issue in the theory of liquid crystals is the molecular basis of the electroclinic effect in the smectic-A phase. Recent x-ray scattering experiments suggest that, in a class of siloxane-containing liquid crystals, an electric field changes a state of disordered molecular tilt in random directions into a state of ordered tilt in one direction. To investigate this issue, we measure the optical tilt and birefringence of these liquid crystals as functions of field and temperature, and we develop a theory for the distribution of molecular orientations under a field. A comparison of theory and experiment confirms that these materials have a disordered distribution of molecular tilt directions that is aligned by an electric field. giving a large electroclinic effect. It also shows that the effective dipole moment, a key parameter in the theory, scales as a power law near the smectic-A-smectic-C transition. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. RP Selinger, JV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 27 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2001 VL 64 IS 6 AR 061705 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.061705 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 502CN UT WOS:000172726300042 PM 11736200 ER PT J AU Keskinen, MJ Fernsler, R Ladouceur, HD Baronavski, AP Grounds, PW Girardi, PG AF Keskinen, MJ Fernsler, R Ladouceur, HD Baronavski, AP Grounds, PW Girardi, PG TI Electromagnetic surface waves on ultrashort pulse laser-generated plasma channels SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MOVING FOCUS; AIR; PROPAGATION; FILAMENTATION AB Using analytical and numerical techniques, the properties of electromagnetic surface waves on conducting plasma channels produced by ultrashort pulse lasers have been studied. Using a homogeneous slab approximation to model the conducting plasma channel, we solve for the surface wave dispersion and wave damping for both the symmetric and antisymmetric wave mode cases for both a thick and thin slab. For the dense plasma case, i.e., for wave frequencies less than the electron collision frequency, it is found that surface wave damping attenuation length can be large, on the order of the laser plasma channel propagation distance, for atmospheric pressure conditions for both the thick and thin slab approximation. In addition, it is shown that large amplitude surface waves can modify the plasma channel conductivity through nonlinear effects. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Envisioneering Inc, King George, VA 22485 USA. RP Keskinen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2001 VL 8 IS 12 BP 5077 EP 5080 DI 10.1063/1.1416178 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 494YM UT WOS:000172313500002 ER PT J AU Weaver, JL Feldman, U Seely, JF Holland, G Serlin, V Klapisch, M Columbant, D Mostovych, A AF Weaver, JL Feldman, U Seely, JF Holland, G Serlin, V Klapisch, M Columbant, D Mostovych, A TI Absolutely calibrated, time-resolved measurements of soft x rays using transmission grating spectrometers at the Nike Laser Facility SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL RANGE; PLASMAS; FUSION; TARGETS; MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY; RADIATION; SILICON; ENERGY AB Accurate simulation of pellet implosions for direct drive inertial confinement fusion requires benchmarking the codes with experimental data. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has begun to measure the absolute intensity of radiation from laser irradiated targets to provide critical information for the radiatively preheated pellet designs developed by the Nike laser group. Two main diagnostics for this effort are two spectrometers incorporating three detection systems. While both spectrometers use 2500 lines/mm transmission gratings, one instrument is coupled to a soft x-ray streak camera and the other is coupled to both an absolutely calibrated Si photodiode array and a charge coupled device (CCD) camera. Absolute calibration of spectrometer components has been undertaken at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratories. Currently, the system has been used to measure the spatially integrated soft x-ray flux as a function of target material, laser power, and laser spot size. A comparison between measured and calculated flux for Au and CH targets shows reasonable agreement to one-dimensional modeling for two laser power densities. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. Artep Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2001 VL 8 IS 12 BP 5230 EP 5238 DI 10.1063/1.1412862 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 494YM UT WOS:000172313500022 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, JJ TI When America fights: The uses of US military forces SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 116 IS 4 BP 641 EP 643 DI 10.2307/798227 PG 3 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 519YJ UT WOS:000173752800009 ER PT J AU Leiber, CO Doherty, RM AF Leiber, CO Doherty, RM TI Review on the assessment of safety and risks SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article AB Historically explosion accidents are linked with energetic materials. There is the further belief, that the proneness to accidents-and their severity-is linked with the sensitivity of these explosives. Consequently there exist seemingly very insensitive materials for which it is believed that their accidental explosion can be ignored, so that safety distances can be reduced to those that apply to materials for which the hazard is assumed to be mass fire rather than mass detonation. Evidence is presented here that shows these assumptions to be invalid. Reports of explosion accidents are gathered here for substances that are not generally considered to be explosives (non UN-class 1 substances, like ammonium nitrate (AN), neat alkali metal chlorates, and even hypochlorites and nitromethane). In most of these cases the proneness of accidents had not been foreseen by testing. The basic explosion mechanisms are of a more general nature than simply those that apply to high explosives. Explosion is not solely a matter of energy, but of any physical power conversion. In order to prove this, a survey of explosion events is given: Natural events, like the impacts of celestial bodies and volcanic eruptions. Fuel/liquid interactions in nature are industrial risks too, which occur at very different occasions and sites: Cellulose processing, the oil industry, foundries, power stations, explosions of hot cinders, chemical processing, fire extinguishing, and (most common) in the kitchen, and (most catastrophic) in nuclear reactors. Explosions of similar type are Hydraulic Transients, Bubble resonance explosions with the possibility associatcd chemical room explosions (BLEVE), Rollovers. Second order effects are sorption/desorption resonance explosions, which most powerful also occur in nature (Nios Lake (CO2-release), Kivu Lake, Monoun Lake, 1984, Tanganjika Lake, all in Africa, and the Ocracoke in the Gulf of Mexico (CH4-release-and at the lowest end shaken champagne bottles. All these explosions are "low probability-high risk" explosive phenomena, which are scarcely coverable by risk studies with the present day scientific tools on explosion phenomena. Up to now only in the nuclear branch a quantitative risk of explosion was brought to attention, therefore, the validity of this approach was carefully examinated. C1 Faunhofer Inst Chem Technol, ICT, D-76327 Pfinztal, Germany. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD USA. RP Leiber, CO (reprint author), Faunhofer Inst Chem Technol, ICT, D-76327 Pfinztal, Germany. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 26 IS 6 BP 296 EP 301 DI 10.1002/1521-4087(200112)26:6<296::AID-PREP296>3.0.CO;2-H PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 535YQ UT WOS:000174674300006 ER PT J AU Share, GH Murphy, RJ Tylka, AJ Schwartz, RA Yoshimori, M Suga, K Nakayama, S Takeda, H AF Share, GH Murphy, RJ Tylka, AJ Schwartz, RA Yoshimori, M Suga, K Nakayama, S Takeda, H TI Gamma-ray line observations of the 2000 July 14 flare and SEP impact on the Earth SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-FLARES; ENERGY; ABUNDANCES; PARTICLES; PROTONS; YOHKOH AB The HXS and GRS detectors on Yohkoh observed the 14 July 2000, X5.7 flare, beginning at similar to 10:20 UT, similar to 4 min before the peak in soft X-rays. The hard X-rays and gamma-rays peaked similar to 3 min later at similar to 10:27 UT. Solar gamma-ray emission lasted until similar to 10:40 UT. Impact of high-energy ions at the Sun is revealed by the gamma-ray lines from neutron capture, annihilation radiation and de-excitation that are visible above the bremsstrahlung continuum. From measurement of these lines we find that the flare-averaged spectrum of accelerated protons is consistent with a power law ge10 MeV with index 3.14+/-0.15 and flux 1.1x10(32) protons MeV-1 at 10 MeV. We estimate that there were similar to1.5x10(30) erg in accelerated ions if the power law extended without a break down to 1 MeV; this is about 1% of the energy in electrons > 20 keV from measurements of the hard X-rays. We find no evidence for spectral hardening in the hard X-rays that has been suggested as a predictor for the occurrence of solar energetic particle (SEP) events. This was the third largest proton event above 10 MeV since 1976. The GRS and HXS also observed gamma-ray lines and continuum produced by the impact of SEP on the Earth's atmosphere beginning about 13 UT on 14 July. These measurements show that the SEP spectrum softened considerably over the next 24 hours. We compare these measurements with proton measurements in space. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Raytheon ITSS, LASP, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. RP Share, GH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 204 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 55 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 524BU UT WOS:000173992700004 ER PT J AU Knowles, SH Picone, JM Thonnard, SE Nicholas, AC AF Knowles, SH Picone, JM Thonnard, SE Nicholas, AC TI The effect of atmospheric drag on satellite orbits during the Bastille Day event SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Geomagnetic storms driven by solar eruptions are known to have significant effects on the total density of the upper atmosphere in the altitude range 250-1000 km. This in turn causes a measurable effect on the orbits of resident space objects in this altitude range. We analyzed a sample of these orbits, both from sensor data and from orbital element sets, during the period surrounding the 14 July 2000 solar activity. We present information concerning the effects of this event on the orbits of resident space objects and how well accepted atmospheric models were able to represent it. As part of this analysis, we describe a technique for extracting atmospheric density information from orbital element sets. On daily time scales, the effect of geomagnetic activity appears to be more important than that of prompt radiation. However, the limitations in time and amplitude quantization of the accepted solar indices are evident. A limited comparison is also made with previous solar storm events. C1 USN, Res Lab, Raytheon Corp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Knowles, SH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Raytheon Corp, Code 7604, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 204 IS 1-2 BP 387 EP 397 DI 10.1023/A:1014223807360 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 524BU UT WOS:000173992700026 ER PT J AU Roberts, LH Demetriades, D AF Roberts, LH Demetriades, D TI Vertebral artery injuries SO SURGICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CERVICAL-SPINE TRAUMA; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; PENETRATING INJURIES; ARTERIOVENOUS-FISTULAS; PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION; WAR INJURIES; MANAGEMENT; NECK; OCCLUSION; DISSECTION AB Vertebral artery injuries are uncommon and have gone unrecognized historically, with occasional sequelae; however, they are identified more often now and among surgeons there is a greater appreciation of their frequency and morbidity. These injuries can occur in penetrating neck trauma, blunt injury to the neck, neck and spine manipulation, intraoperatively during other procedures, and during interventional procedures. When clear signs of injury are absent, diagnosis is facilitated by several radiographic tests. Treatments include definitive surgery and interventional radiologic procedures. C1 Los Angeles Cty & Univ So Calif Med Ctr, Div Trauma, Los Angeles, CA USA. Los Angeles Cty & Univ So Calif Med Ctr, Surg Care Unit, Los Angeles, CA USA. USN, Med Corps, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Demetriades, D (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Healthcare Consultat Ctr, 1510 San Pablo St,Suite 514, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0039-6109 J9 SURG CLIN N AM JI Surg. Clin.-North Am. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1345 EP + PG 13 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 500DN UT WOS:000172610800010 PM 11766179 ER PT J AU Klein, PA Foulk, JW Chen, EP Wimmer, SA Gao, HJ AF Klein, PA Foulk, JW Chen, EP Wimmer, SA Gao, HJ TI Physics-based modeling of brittle fracture: cohesive formulations and the application of meshfree methods SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Mesomechanics CY JUN 13-16, 2000 CL XIAN, PEOPLES R CHINA ID FREE GALERKIN METHOD; KERNEL PARTICLE METHODS; DYNAMIC CRACK-GROWTH; FINITE-ELEMENT SIMULATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; COMPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR; STRAIN LOCALIZATION; PROPAGATING CRACKS; LARGE-DEFORMATION; PLANE-STRAIN AB Simulation of generalized fracture and fragmentation remains an ongoing challenge in computational fracture mechanics. There are difficulties associated not only with the formulation of physically based models of material failure, but also with the numerical methods required to treat geometries that change in time. The issue of fracture criteria is addressed in this work through a cohesive view of materials, meaning that a finite material strength and work to fracture are included in the material description. In this study, both surface and bulk cohesive formulations are presented for modeling brittle fracture, detailing the derivation of the formulations, fitting relations, and providing a critical assessment of their capabilities in numerical simulations of fracture. Due to their inherent adaptivity and robustness under severe deformation, meshfree methods are especially well suited to modeling fracture behavior. Described are the applications of meshfree methods to both bulk and surface approaches to cohesive modeling. Numerical examples are provided to highlight the capabilities and shortcomings of the methods in order to identify which approaches are best suited to modeling different types of fracture phenomena. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Scibased Mat Modeling Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Div Mech & Computat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Klein, PA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Scibased Mat Modeling Dept, POB 0969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM paklein@andia.gov RI Gao, Huajian/F-9360-2010 NR 96 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8442 EI 1872-7638 J9 THEOR APPL FRACT MEC JI Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1-3 BP 99 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0167-8442(01)00091-X PG 68 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 509MR UT WOS:000173152000008 ER PT J AU Lewis, I Semeijn, J Vellenga, DB AF Lewis, I Semeijn, J Vellenga, DB TI Issues and initiatives surrounding rail freight transportation in Europe SO TRANSPORTATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POLICY AB This article reviews the current issues and initiatives related to rail freight transportation in Europe. Since the liberalization of transportation in the European Union (EU), rail freight transportation systems have not been as successfully integrated as passenger rail networks, or airline, motor carriage, or inland waterway systems. As a result, EU policy and directives are attempting to promote and develop increased use of rail freight and intermodal services to overcome the environmental and congestion problems caused by the disproportionate use of motor carriage in the EU. The over-reliance on trucking has become even more critical as the EU expands towards Eastern Europe. Key initiatives such as the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN), Pan-European Corridors (PAN), Transport Infrastructure Needs Assessment (TINA), and Pilot Actions for Combined Transport (PACT) are discussed. Finally, suggestions are offered that would enable EU rail freight carriers to provide more competitive services on. a Pan-European scale. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Maastricht, Fac Econ & Business Adm, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. Albion Coll, Carl A Gerstacker Liberal Arts Inst Profess Manag, Albion, MI 49224 USA. RP Lewis, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TRANSPORTATION LOGISTICS PI ARLINGTON PA 1700 NORTH MOORE ST, STE 1900, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-1904 USA SN 0041-1612 J9 TRANSPORT J JI Transp. J. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2-3 BP 23 EP 31 PG 9 WC Management; Transportation SC Business & Economics; Transportation GA 585BT UT WOS:000177503800002 ER PT J AU Cho, SL Kim, Y Freeman, AJ Wong, GKL Ketterson, JB Olafsen, LJ Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Hoffman, CA AF Cho, SL Kim, Y Freeman, AJ Wong, GKL Ketterson, JB Olafsen, LJ Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Hoffman, CA TI Large magnetoresistance in postannealed Bi thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; NANOWIRE ARRAYS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; BISMUTH-FILMS; GROWTH AB We have observed a large increase in the magnetoresistance (MR) of molecular beam epitaxy grown Bi thin films, which were subjected to a postannealing procedure 3 degreesC below the Bi melting point. We have achieved an increase in the MR by a factor of 2560 at helium temperatures compared with of 343 for an as-grown film. The enhancement of the MR in the annealed films is due to higher electron and hole mobilities (mu (e)approximate to 1x10(6) cm(2)/V s at 5 K) relative to those of the as-grown films (mu (e)approximate to 9x10(4) cm(2)/V s at 5 K). The enhancement of the mobility in the annealed films is also supported by the observation of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Ulsan, Dept Phys, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. HKUST, Dept Phys, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Cho, SL (reprint author), Univ Ulsan, Dept Phys, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. RI Ketterson, John/B-7234-2009; Olafsen, Linda/G-4996-2013 NR 19 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 26 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 22 BP 3651 EP 3653 DI 10.1063/1.1416157 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 493CL UT WOS:000172204400031 ER PT J AU Atoyan, A Dermer, CD AF Atoyan, A Dermer, CD TI High-energy neutrinos from photomeson processes in blazars SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GAMMA-RAY; COSMIC-RAYS; 3C 279; SPECTRUM; JET; VARIABILITY; EMISSION; PROTONS; 3C-279 AB An important radiation field for photomeson neutrino production in blazars is shown to be the radiation field external to the jet. Assuming that protons are accelerated with the same power as electrons and injected with a -2 number spectrum, we predict that km(2) neutrino telescopes will detect greater than or similar to1 neutrinos per year from flat spectrum radio quasars such as 3C 279. The escaping high-energy neutron and photon beams transport inner jet energy far from the black-hole engine, and could power synchrotron x-ray jets and FR II hot spots and lobes. C1 Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech Math, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech Math, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. NR 35 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 26 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 22 AR 221102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.221102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 496VB UT WOS:000172416800006 PM 11736392 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN AF Kostoff, RN TI Predicting biowarfare agents takes on priority SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMPLEMENTARY LITERATURES; DISCOVERY C1 Off Naval Res, Phys Sci Adm, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Phys Sci Adm, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LABX MEDIA GROUP PI MIDLAND PA PO BOX 216, 478 BAY ST, MIDLAND, ONTARIO L4R 1K9, CANADA SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD NOV 26 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 23 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 497XX UT WOS:000172481700002 ER PT J AU Yu, QS Holloway, HW Flippen-Anderson, JL Hoffman, B Brossi, A Greig, NH AF Yu, QS Holloway, HW Flippen-Anderson, JL Hoffman, B Brossi, A Greig, NH TI Methyl analogues of the experimental Alzheimer drug phenserine: Synthesis and structure/activity relationships for acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory action SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; ANTICHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITIES; CHOLINESTERASE-INHIBITORS; SELECTIVE INHIBITORS; ANTIPODAL ISOMERS; SENILE DEMENTIA; PHYSOSTIGMINE; DISEASE; SPECIFICITY; KINETICS AB With the goal of developing potential Alzheimer's pharmacotherapeutics, we have synthesized a series of novel analogues of the potent anticholinesterases phenserine (2) and physostigmine (1). These derivatives contain methyl (3, 4, 6), dimethyl (5, 7, 8, 10, 11) and trimethyl (14) substituents in each position of the phenyl group of the phenylcarbamoyl moieties, and with N-methyl and 6-methyl substituents (12, 13, 31, 33). We also quantified the inhibitory action of these compounds against human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). An analysis of the structure/anticholinesterase activity relationship of the described compounds, together with molecular modeling, confirmed the catalytic triad mechanism of the binding of this class of carabamate analogues within AChE and BChE and defined structural requirements for their differential inhibition. C1 NIA, Drug Design & Dev Sect, Neurosci Lab, Gerontol Res Ctr 4E02,NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIDA, Med Chem Sect, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Greig, NH (reprint author), NIA, Drug Design & Dev Sect, Neurosci Lab, Gerontol Res Ctr 4E02,NIH, 5600 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM GreigN@vax.grc.nia.nih.gov NR 43 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD NOV 22 PY 2001 VL 44 IS 24 BP 4062 EP 4071 DI 10.1021/jm010080x PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 493WV UT WOS:000172247200007 PM 11708910 ER PT J AU Swain, SM AF Swain, SM TI Re: Tamoxifen and contralateral breast cancer: the other side - Response SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Canc Therapeut Branch, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Swain, SM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Canc Therapeut Branch, 8901 Wisconsin Ave,Bldg 8,Rm 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD NOV 21 PY 2001 VL 93 IS 22 BP 1753 EP 1754 DI 10.1093/jnci/93.22.1753-a PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 494MX UT WOS:000172287400017 ER PT J AU Houser, DS Howard, R Ridgway, S AF Houser, DS Howard, R Ridgway, S TI Can diving-induced tissue nitrogen supersaturation increase the chance of acoustically driven bubble growth in marine mammals? SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGAR BASED GELS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; WHALES; BEHAVIOR; DEEP; UNDERWATER; EXPOSURE; INJURY; DIVE AB The potential for acoustically mediated causes of stranding in cetaceans (whales and dolphins) is of increasing concern given recent stranding events associated with anthropogenic acoustic activity. We examine a potentially debilitating non-auditory mechanism called rectified diffusion. Rectified diffusion causes gas bubble growth, which in an insonified animal may produce emboli, tissue separation and high, localized pressure in nervous tissue. Using the results of a dolphin dive study and a model of rectified diffusion for low-frequency exposure, we demonstrate that the diving behavior of cetaceans prior to an intense acoustic exposure may increase the chance of rectified diffusion. Specifically, deep diving and slow ascent/descent speed contributes to increased gas-tissue saturation, a condition that amplifies the likelihood of rectified diffusion. The depth of lung collapse limits nitrogen uptake per dive and the surface interval duration influences the amount of nitrogen washout from tissues between dives. Model results suggest that low-frequency rectified diffusion models need to be advanced, that the diving behavior of marine mammals of concern needs to be investigated to identify at-risk animals, and that more intensive studies of gas dynamics within diving marine mammals should be undertaken. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USN, SSC SD, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Dept Anesthesiol, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, Ctr Vet Med, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Houser, DS (reprint author), USN, SSC SD, Marine Mammal Program, Code 3501, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 NR 42 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD NOV 21 PY 2001 VL 213 IS 2 BP 183 EP 195 DI 10.1006/jtbi.2001.2415 PG 13 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 495NC UT WOS:000172346400006 PM 11894990 ER PT J AU Silva, EDE Anthony, P Arnold, R Arrighi, H Bloom, E Baughman, B Bogart, J Bosted, P Bumala, B Chekhtman, A Cotton, N Crider, A Dobbs-Dixon, I Djannati-Atai, A Dubois, R Engovatov, D Espigat, P Evans, JL Fieguth, T Flath, D Frigaard, M Giebels, B Gillespie, S Godfrey, G Grove, JE Handa, T Hansl-Kozanecka, T Hernando, J Hicks, M Hirayama, M Johnson, WN Johnson, R Kamae, T Kroeger, W Lauben, D Lin, YC Lindner, T Michelson, P Moiseev, A Nikolaou, M Nolan, P Odian, A Ohsugi, T Ormes, J Paliaga, G Parkinson, PS Phlips, B Ritz, S Rock, S Russel, JJ Sadrozinski, H Schalk, T Silvis, J Szalata, Z Terrier, R Thompson, DJ Tournear, DM Waite, AP Wallace, J Williams, S Williamson, R Winker, G AF Silva, EDE Anthony, P Arnold, R Arrighi, H Bloom, E Baughman, B Bogart, J Bosted, P Bumala, B Chekhtman, A Cotton, N Crider, A Dobbs-Dixon, I Djannati-Atai, A Dubois, R Engovatov, D Espigat, P Evans, JL Fieguth, T Flath, D Frigaard, M Giebels, B Gillespie, S Godfrey, G Grove, JE Handa, T Hansl-Kozanecka, T Hernando, J Hicks, M Hirayama, M Johnson, WN Johnson, R Kamae, T Kroeger, W Lauben, D Lin, YC Lindner, T Michelson, P Moiseev, A Nikolaou, M Nolan, P Odian, A Ohsugi, T Ormes, J Paliaga, G Parkinson, PS Phlips, B Ritz, S Rock, S Russel, JJ Sadrozinski, H Schalk, T Silvis, J Szalata, Z Terrier, R Thompson, DJ Tournear, DM Waite, AP Wallace, J Williams, S Williamson, R Winker, G TI Results from the beam test of the engineering model of the GLAST large area telescope SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE silicon microstrip detectors; space; gamma-ray AB This paper describes the results of a beam test using the Engineering Model of the GLAST Large Area Telescope, which was installed in a beam of positrons, hadrons and tagged photons at SLAC. The performance of the four subsystems, Anti Coincidence Detector, Silicon Tracker, Calorimeter and Data Acquisition will be described. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, SCIPP, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Coll France, PCC, F-75231 Paris 05, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Etud Saclay, DAPNIA, DSM, CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Hiroshima 739, Japan. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Silva, EDE (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Hernando Morata, Jose Angel/L-7642-2014; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Hernando Morata, Jose Angel/0000-0002-8683-5142; Dobbs-Dixon, Ian/0000-0002-4989-6501 NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2001 VL 474 IS 1 BP 19 EP 37 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 495WG UT WOS:000172362900003 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Reames, DV Sheeley, NR AF Kahler, SW Reames, DV Sheeley, NR TI Coronal mass ejections associated with impulsive solar energetic particle events SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares; Sun : particle emission ID X-RAY JETS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS; PLASMA EJECTIONS; WIND SPACECRAFT; FLARES; ACCELERATION; ABUNDANCES; TELESCOPE; EVOLUTION AB An impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) event observed on the Wind spacecraft on 2000 May 1 was associated with an impulsive solar active region M1 X-ray flare. The timing and position of a fast (upsilon = 960 km s(-1)), narrow CME observed in the LASCO coronagraph on SOHO make clear the connection between the CME and the flare and SEP event. Impulsive SEP events have long been associated with impulsive flares, but only gradual SEP events have thus far been found to be associated with CMEs. A comparison of impulsive SEP events with CME observations from the Solwind and LASCO coronagraphs revealed further good cases of narrow (10 degrees -40 degrees) CMEs associated with impulsive SEP events. A recent model of impulsive flares includes jets or plasmoids that are ejected upward from magnetic reconnection sites over active regions and might therefore be expected to appear in exceptional cases as faint and narrow CMEs in coronagraphs. We suggest that this model allows us to understand better SEP production and propagation in impulsive flares. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 47 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 1 BP 558 EP 565 DI 10.1086/323847 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LH UT WOS:000172572300044 ER PT J AU Pinfield, DJ Keenan, FP Mathioudakis, M Widing, KG Gallagher, PT Gupta, GP Tayal, S Thomas, RJ Brosius, JW AF Pinfield, DJ Keenan, FP Mathioudakis, M Widing, KG Gallagher, PT Gupta, GP Tayal, S Thomas, RJ Brosius, JW TI Electron densities in the coronae of the Sun and Procyon from extreme-ultraviolet emission line ratios in Fe XI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; line : identification; stars : individual (Procyon, alpha Canis Minoris); Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID EFFECTIVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; FINE-STRUCTURE LEVELS; IMPACT EXCITATION; SOLAR CORONA; CALIBRATION; SPECTRA; SERTS-95; IRON AB New R-matrix calculations of electron impact excitation rates for Fe XI are used to determine theoretical emission line ratios applicable to solar and stellar coronal observations. These are subsequently compared to solar spectra of the quiet Sun and an active region made by the Solar EUV Rocket Telescope and Spectrograph (SERTS-95), as well as Skylab observations of two flares. Line blending is identified, and electron densities of 10(9.3), 10(9.7), greater than or equal to 10(10.8), and greater than or equal to 10(11.3) cm(-3) are found for the quiet Sun, active region, and the two flares, respectively. Observations of the F5 IV-V star Procyon, made with the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) satellite, are compared and contrasted with the solar observations. It is confirmed that Procyon's average coronal conditions are very similar to those seen in the quiet Sun, with N-e = 10(9.4) cm(-3). In addition, although the quiet Sun is the closest solar analog to Procyon, we conclude that Procyon's coronal temperatures are slightly hotter than solar. A filling factor of 25(-12)(+38)% was derived for the corona of Procyon. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Big Bear Solar Observ, Big Bear City, CA 92413 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Raytheon ITSS, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, 12 Quays House,Egerton Wharf, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. EM dpi@astro.livjm.ac.uk NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 1 BP 566 EP 574 DI 10.1086/323465 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LH UT WOS:000172572300045 ER PT J AU Laurent, P Titarchuk, L AF Laurent, P Titarchuk, L TI Timing and spectral properties of X-ray emission from the converging flows onto a black hole: Monte Carlo simulations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; X-rays : general ID PHASE-LAG VARIABILITY; COMPTONIZATION; GRS-1915+105; ACCRETION AB We demonstrate that an X-ray spectrum of a converging inflow (CI) onto a black hole is the sum of a thermal (disk) component and the convolution of some fraction of this component with the Comptonization spread (Green's) function. The latter component is seen as an extended power law at energies much higher than the characteristic energy of the soft photons. We show that the high-energy photon production (source function) in the CI atmosphere is distributed with the characteristic maximum at about the photon bending radius,, 1.5r(s) independently of the seed (soft) photon distribution. We show that high-frequency oscillations of the soft photon source in this region leads to the oscillations of the high-energy part of the spectrum but not of the thermal component. The high-frequency oscillations of the inner region are not significant in the thermal component of the spectrum. We further demonstrate that Doppler and recoil effects (which are responsible for the formation of the CI spectrum) are related to the hard (positive) and soft (negative) time lags between the soft and hard photon energy channels, respectively. C1 CEA, Ctr Etud Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA,SAp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laurent, P (reprint author), CEA, Ctr Etud Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA,SAp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RI laurent, philippe/E-6211-2013 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 1 BP L67 EP L70 DI 10.1086/338049 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LJ UT WOS:000172572400016 ER PT J AU Sheeley, NR Wang, YM AF Sheeley, NR Wang, YM TI Coronal inflows and sector magnetism SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID RIGID ROTATION AB We have remeasured the rate of coronal inflows during 1996-2001, taking into account multiple occurrences per day, and have displayed the results in Carrington stack plots to study their long-term behavior. The stack plots show long-lived recurrence patterns related to the sectorial component of the Sun's large-scale field. In particular, most inflows are parts of streams that last for several months and occur where the sectorial field has strong gradients. The occurrence rate occasionally approaches similar to1 hr(-1) near sunspot maximum when the sectorial field is strong and the streamer belt is greatly distorted from its flattened equatorial configuration. The link between coronal inflows and sector magnetism suggests that the inflows are by-products of a global recycling process in which nonaxisymmetric open flux is provided by active regions and dissipated by differential rotation, supergranular diffusion, and meridional flow. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheeley, NR (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 1 BP L107 EP L110 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LJ UT WOS:000172572400026 ER PT J AU Klein, PB Binari, SC Ikossi, K Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL AF Klein, PB Binari, SC Ikossi, K Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL TI Current collapse and the role of carbon in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GAN; TRAPS AB The two deep traps responsible for current collapse in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy have been studied by photoionization spectroscopy. Varying the growth pressure of the high resistivity GaN buffer layer results in a change in the deep trap incorporation that is reflected in the observed current collapse. Variations in the measured trap concentrations with growth pressure and carbon incorporation indicate that the deepest trap is a carbon-related defect, while the mid-gap trap may be associated with grain boundaries or dislocations. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Klein, PB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 153 Z9 160 U1 4 U2 55 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 19 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 21 BP 3527 EP 3529 DI 10.1063/1.1418452 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 493CK UT WOS:000172204300049 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Bao, LR Yee, AF Soles, CL AF Ngai, KL Bao, LR Yee, AF Soles, CL TI Correlation of positron annihilation and other dynamic properties in small molecule glass-forming substances SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; FREE-VOLUME; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ALPHA-RELAXATION; ORTHO-TERPHENYL; TRANSITION; SCATTERING AB Positron annihilation spectroscopy is used to characterize the ortho-positronium lifetime, tau (3), in a broad range of small molecule organic glasses over a wide temperature range. The magnitude and thermal variations Of tau (3) reflect changes in the dielectric ce-relaxation time tau (alpha), and its non-Arrhenius or "fragile" characteristics. tau (3) also displays striking similarities with the fast relaxations reflected in the hydrogen-weighted mean square atomic displacements (u(2)). The parallel temperature variations of (u(2)(T/T-g)), tau (3) (T/T-g), and tau (alpha) (T/T-g), and their similar patterns of change between the different glasses, are discussed in terms of anharmonicity in the intermolecular caging potentials and the subnanometer density heterogeneities. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Yee, Albert/E-5398-2010 OI Yee, Albert/0000-0002-5762-6042 NR 34 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 19 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 21 AR 215901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.215901 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 496NA UT WOS:000172400600029 PM 11736351 ER PT J AU Randall, CE Bevilacqua, RM Lumpe, JD Hoppel, KW AF Randall, CE Bevilacqua, RM Lumpe, JD Hoppel, KW TI Validation of POAM III aerosols: Comparison to SAGE II and HALOE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL; POLAR OZONE; EXTINCTION MEASUREMENTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SURFACE-AREA; INSTRUMENT; RETRIEVAL AB We describe statistical comparisons between Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III and Stratosphere Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II measurements of aerosol extinction in 1998 and 1999. SAGE II and POAM III are in qualitative agreement, and show that since the launch of POAM III in March of 1998, stratospheric aerosol extinctions at visible and near-IR wavelengths have remained at background levels. We present quantitative differences between the SAGE II and POAM III extinctions at 1.02 mum. and 0.45 mum for temporally and spatially coincident measurements. At 1.02 mum the instruments agree to within about 30% from 10 to 22 km, where most of the aerosol extinction ties. Differences at 0.45 mum are similar to 1.02 mum in the southern hemisphere, but much larger in the northern hemisphere. We show that differences between SAGE II and POAM III slant path optical depths closely resemble the aerosol extinction differences at 1.02 mum, but not at 0.45 mum. On the basis of these results we conclude that the aerosol extinction differences at 1.02 mum arise from differences in the slant path optical depth measurements of the two instruments, not from species separation differences in the retrieval algorithms. However, we tentatively attribute the aerosol extinction differences at 0.45 mum to an error in the NO2/aerosol species separation in the SAGE II retrievals. We present theoretical simulations incorporating the maximum plausible systematic pointing or timing errors in the POAM III instrument. We conclude that these errors cannot explain the 1.02 mum optical depth or aerosol extinction differences, although it is possible that they contribute to the observed differences. We thus attribute these differences to fundamental radiometric differences between POAM III and SAGE II that remain to be resolved. We also compare derived surface areas and volume densities from FOAM III, SAGE II, and the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE). The statistical differences can be explained by the aerosol extinction differences in the SAGE II comparisons, and by the lack of sensitivity on the part of POAM III and SAGE II to very small aerosols in the HALOE comparisons. Nevertheless, we show qualitative agreement between all three instruments. The results presented here show that the POAM III aerosol measurements are valid for scientific studies. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cora.randall@lasp.colorado.edu; bevilacqua@nrl.navy.mil; lumpe@cpi.com RI Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 14 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D21 BP 27525 EP 27536 DI 10.1029/2001JD000528 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 494XZ UT WOS:000172312300021 ER PT J AU Hoppel, W AF Hoppel, W TI Topical collection: NOPP aerosol transformation processes study (NOPP) - Preface SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D21 BP 27573 EP 27574 DI 10.1029/2001JD001344 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 494XZ UT WOS:000172312300024 ER PT J AU Hoppel, W Pasternack, L Caffrey, P Frick, G Fitzgerald, J Hegg, D Gao, S Ambrusko, J Albrechcinski, T AF Hoppel, W Pasternack, L Caffrey, P Frick, G Fitzgerald, J Hegg, D Gao, S Ambrusko, J Albrechcinski, T TI Sulfur dioxide uptake and oxidation in sea-salt aerosol SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; MASS-TRANSPORT LIMITATION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; CATALYZED OXIDATION; SULFATE PRODUCTION; SO2; MECHANISM; WATER; SOLUBILITY; DROPLETS AB Measurements Of SO2 and O-3 uptake by sea-salt and NaCl aerosol were made in a 600 m(3) environmental chamber by measuring the rate Of SO2 and O-3 depletion during nebulization of seawater and NaCl solutions. The experiments were carried out with starting relative humidity between 80% and 92%, with SO2 concentrations between 35 and 60 ppb, and ozone concentrations between 0 and 110 ppb. For NaCl, no SO2 or O-3 uptake was observed. For sea-salt aerosol, uptake in the range of 0.21 and 1.2 millimoles of S per liter of (nebulized) seawater was observed. Surprisingly, no O-3 uptake was observed even though the residence time of the aerosol in the chamber was long compared to the time required for the predicted S(IV)-O-3 reaction to occur. Several S(IV) oxidation schemes are considered to explain these observations. The Cl-catalyzed aerobic mechanism as formulated by Zhang and Millero [ 1991] from empirical data best explains our observations. The Cl-catalyzed S(IV) reaction decreases rapidly with decreasing pH, making it important only at pH > similar to5.5. This rapid decrease with pH explains why SO2 uptake was not observed in the NaCl aerosol and observed at a level approaching the seasalt alkalinity in the case of sea-salt aerosol. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Res Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14225 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. EM whoppel@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D21 BP 27575 EP 27585 DI 10.1029/2000JD900843 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 494XZ UT WOS:000172312300025 ER PT J AU Caffrey, P Hoppel, W Frick, G Pasternack, L Fitzgerald, J Hegg, D Gao, S Leaitch, R Shantz, N Albrechcinski, T Ambrusko, J AF Caffrey, P Hoppel, W Frick, G Pasternack, L Fitzgerald, J Hegg, D Gao, S Leaitch, R Shantz, N Albrechcinski, T Ambrusko, J TI In-cloud oxidation of SO2 by O-3 and H2O2: Cloud chamber measurements and modeling of particle growth SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; HILL CAP CLOUD; NONPRECIPITATING CLOUDS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; SUPERSATURATION; STRATOCUMULUS; DEPENDENCE; KINETICS AB Controlled cloud chamber experiments were conducted to measure particle growth resulting from the oxidation of SO2 by O-3 and H2O2 in cloud droplets formed on sulfuric acid seed aerosol. Clouds were formed in a 590 m(3) environmental chamber with total liquid water contents ranging from 0.3-0.6 g m(3) and reactant gas concentrations < 10 ppbv for SO2 and H2O2 and < 70 ppbv for O-3. Aerosol growth was measured by comparison of differential mobility analyzer size distributions before and after each 3-4 min cloud cycle. Predictions of aerosol growth were then made with a full microphysical cloud model used to simulate each individual experimental cloud cycle. Model results of the H2O2 oxidation experiments best fit the experimental data using the third-order rate constant of Maass et al. [1999] (k = 9.1 x 10(7) M-2 s(-1)), with relative aerosol growth agreeing within 3% of measured values, while the rate of Hoffmann and Calvert [1985] produced agreement within 4-9%, and the rate of Martin and Damschen [ 1981] only within 13-18%. Simulation results of aerosol growth during the O-3, oxidation experiments were 60-80% less than the measured values, confirming previous results [Hoppel et al., 1994b]. Experimental results and analyses presented here show that the SO2 - O-3 rate constants would have to be more than 5 times larger than currently accepted values to explain the measured growth. However, unmeasured NH3 contamination present in trace amounts (<0.2 ppb) could explain the disagreement, but this is speculative and the source of this discrepancy is still unknown. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Calspan Univ Buffalo, Res Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14225 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Downsview, ON MH3 5T4, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Peter.Caffrey@nrl.navy.mil NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D21 BP 27587 EP 27601 DI 10.1029/2000JD900844 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 494XZ UT WOS:000172312300026 ER PT J AU Hoppel, W Fitzgerald, J Frick, G Caffrey, P Pasternack, L Hegg, D Gao, S Leaitch, R Shantz, N Cantrell, C Albrechcinski, T Ambrusko, J Sullivan, W AF Hoppel, W Fitzgerald, J Frick, G Caffrey, P Pasternack, L Hegg, D Gao, S Leaitch, R Shantz, N Cantrell, C Albrechcinski, T Ambrusko, J Sullivan, W TI Particle formation and growth from ozonolysis of alpha-pinene SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MULTICOMPONENT AEROSOL DYNAMICS; DIMENSIONAL SECTIONAL MODEL; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; PARTICULATE PRODUCTS; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; BETA-PINENE; OXIDATION; OZONE; YIELDS AB Observations of particle nucleation and growth during ozonolysis of cc-pinene were carried out in Calspan's 600 m(3) environmental chamber utilizing relatively low concentrations of cc-pinene (15 ppb) and ozone (100 ppb). Model simulations with a comprehensive sectional aerosol model which incorporated the relevant gas-phase chemistry show that the observed evolution of the size distribution could be simulated within the accuracy of the experiment by assuming only one condensable product produced with a molar yield of 5% to 6% and a saturation vapor pressure (SVP) of about 0.01 ppb or less. While only one component was required to simulate the data, more than one product may have been involved, in which case the one component must be viewed as a surrogate having an effective SVP of 0.01 ppb or less. Adding trace amounts Of SO2 greatly increased the nucleation rate while having negligible effect on the overall aerosol yield. We are unable to explain the observed nucleation in the alpha -pinene/ozone system in terms of classical nucleation theory. The nucleation rate and, more importantly, the slope of the nucleation rate versus the vapor pressure of the nucleating species would suggest that the nucleation rate in the a-pinene/ozone system may be limited by the initial nucleation steps (i.e., dimer, trimer, or adduct formation). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Calspan Univ Buffalo, Res Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14225 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Air Qual Monitoring Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. RP Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. EM whoppel@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D21 BP 27603 EP 27618 DI 10.1029/2001JD900018 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 494XZ UT WOS:000172312300027 ER PT J AU Gao, S Hegg, DA Frick, G Caffrey, PF Pasternack, L Cantrell, C Sullivan, W Ambrusko, J Albrechcinski, T Kirchstetter, TW AF Gao, S Hegg, DA Frick, G Caffrey, PF Pasternack, L Cantrell, C Sullivan, W Ambrusko, J Albrechcinski, T Kirchstetter, TW TI Experimental and modeling studies of secondary organic aerosol formation and some applications to the marine boundary layer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD-CONDENSATION-NUCLEI; SOLUBLE DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; PARTICULATE PRODUCTS; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; ABSORPTION-MODEL; NUCLEATION; OZONE; WATER; MECHANISM; OXIDATION AB A series of controlled experiments were carried out in the Calspan Corporation's 600 m(3) environmental chamber to study some secondary organic aerosol formation processes. Three precursor-ozone systems were studied: cyclopentene-ozone, cyclohexene-ozone, and alpha -pinene-ozone. Additionally, SO2 was added to the initial gas mixture in several instances and was likely present at trace levels in the ostensibly organic-only experiments. It was found that all three systems readily formed new submicron aerosols at very low reactant levels. The chemical composition of formed aerosols was consistent with some previous studies, but the yields of organic products were found to be lower in the Calspan experiments. A three-step procedure is proposed to explain the observed particle nucleation behavior: HO. production --> H2SO4 formation --> H2SO4-H2O (perhaps together with NH3) homogeneous nucleation. It is also proposed that some soluble organic products would partition into the newly formed H2SO4-H2O nuclei, enhance water condensation, and quickly grow these nuclei into a larger size range. While the observations in the two cycloolefin-ozone systems could be well explained by these proposed mechanisms, the exact nature of the nucleation process in the alpha -pinene-ozone system remains rather opaque and could be the result of nucleation involving certain organics. The results from three simple modeling studies further support these proposals. Their applicability to the marine boundary layer (MBL) is also discussed in some detail. Particularly, such a particle nucleation and growth process could play an important role in secondary aerosol formation and, quite likely, CCN formation as well in certain MBL regions. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Calspan Univ Buffalo, Res Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14225 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sgao@u.washington.edu; deanhegg@atmos.washington.edu NR 62 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D21 BP 27619 EP 27634 DI 10.1029/2001JD900170 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 494XZ UT WOS:000172312300028 ER PT J AU Caffrey, P Hoppel, W Frick, G Fitzgerald, J Shantz, N Leaitch, WR Pasternack, L Albrechcinski, T Ambrusko, J AF Caffrey, P Hoppel, W Frick, G Fitzgerald, J Shantz, N Leaitch, WR Pasternack, L Albrechcinski, T Ambrusko, J TI Chamber measurements of CI depletion in cloud-processed sea-salt aerosol SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; COASTAL ATMOSPHERE; OZONE OXIDATION; PARTICLES; SULFUR; DROPLETS; CHLORIDE; SULFATE; MODEL AB Cl- depletion in sea-salt CCN was measured in chamber experiments after cloud formation in the presence of SO2 and O-3. In each experiment, two successive clouds were formed on a sea-salt aerosol generated from the nebulization of filtered seawater, while chamber SO2 (g) and O-3 (g) concentrations ranged from 4.8-8.3 ppb and 69-75 ppb. Particle growth from cloud processing reactions was measured with a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) immediately after cloud dissipation, and particles activated from dry radii of 0.02-0.03 mum showed growth to 0.08 and 0.12 mum, with total aerosol mass increases of 7.0 and 2.4 mug m(-3) (assuming a particle density of 2.4 g cm(-3)). Particle growth was greater than that predicted by standard SO2-O-3 oxidation kinetics and cannot be accounted for by the buffering capacity of the sea-salt CCN. Micro-orifice impactor (MOI) measurements of inorganic ions in the postcloud aerosol size distributions show, within analytical error, a 1:1 displacement of Cl- with nss - SO42-, until the SO42- is in excess and the Cl- is completely depleted at the smaller CCN sizes. Calculations of Cl- depletion, based upon the input size distribution and assuming particle growth via sulfate addition, show greater Cl- depletion on smaller size particles than the measured values. However, there is agreement within the uncertainty of the measured values. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Calspan Univ Buffalo, Res Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14225 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Downsview, ON MH3 5T4, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7228, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM peter.caffrey@nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D21 BP 27635 EP 27645 DI 10.1029/2000JD000105 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 494XZ UT WOS:000172312300029 ER PT J AU Wolf, SA Awschalom, DD Buhrman, RA Daughton, JM von Molnar, S Roukes, ML Chtchelkanova, AY Treger, DM AF Wolf, SA Awschalom, DD Buhrman, RA Daughton, JM von Molnar, S Roukes, ML Chtchelkanova, AY Treger, DM TI Spintronics: A spin-based electronics vision for the future SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID FERROMAGNET-SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACE; HALF-METALLIC FERROMAGNET; MAGNETIC MULTILAYER; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; QUANTUM DOTS; LARGE MAGNETORESISTANCE; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; ELECTRIC-CURRENT; THIN-FILMS; HETEROSTRUCTURES AB This review describes a new paradigm of electronics based on the spin degree of freedom of the electron. Either adding the spin degree of freedom to conventional charge-based electronic devices or using the spin alone has the potential advantages of nonvolatility, increased data processing speed, decreased electric power consumption, and increased integration densities compared with conventional semiconductor devices. To successfully incorporate spins into existing semiconductor technology, one has to resolve technical issues such as efficient injection, transport, control and manipulation, and detection of spin polarization as welt as spin-polarized currents. Recent advances in new materials engineering hold the promise of realizing spintronic devices in the near future. We review the current state of the spin-based devices, efforts in new materials fabrication, issues in spin transport, and optical spin manipulation. C1 DARPA, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NVE, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. Florida State Univ, MARTECH, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Strateg Anal, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP DARPA, 3701 N Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM swolf@darpa.mil RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009; Roukes, Michael/E-9787-2010 NR 121 TC 6940 Z9 7087 U1 221 U2 1719 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 294 IS 5546 BP 1488 EP 1495 DI 10.1126/science.1065389 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 493TX UT WOS:000172240500038 PM 11711666 ER PT J AU Sapsford, KE Liron, Z Shubin, YS Ligler, FS AF Sapsford, KE Liron, Z Shubin, YS Ligler, FS TI Kinetics of antigen binding to arrays of antibodies in different sized spots SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACES; OPTICAL BIOSENSOR; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; FLOW; IMMUNOSENSOR; IMMUNOASSAY; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM; ELISA; MODEL AB A fluorescence-based array biosensor has been developed which can measure the binding kinetics of an antigen to an immobilized antibody in real time. A patterned array of antibodies immobilized on the surface of a planar waveguide was used to capture a Cy5-labeled antigen present in a solution that was continuously flowed over the surface. The CCD image of the waveguide was monitored continuously for 25 min. The resulting exponential rise in fluorescence signal was determined by image analysis software and fitted to a reaction-limited kinetics model, giving a k(f) of 3.6 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1). Different spot sizes were then patterned on the surface of the waveguide using either a PDMS flow cell or laser exposure, producing width sizes ranging from 80 to 1145 mum. It was demonstrated that under flow conditions, the reduction of spot size did not alter the association rate of the antigen with immobilized antibody; however, as the spot width decreased to < 200 nm, the signal intensity also decreased. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Bioresource Dev, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 22 BP 5518 EP 5524 DI 10.1021/ac015554e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 493EQ UT WOS:000172209400024 PM 11816582 ER PT J AU Jacobs, GA Book, JW Perkins, HT Teague, WJ AF Jacobs, GA Book, JW Perkins, HT Teague, WJ TI Inertial oscillations in the Korea Strait SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTION SYSTEM; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; FORECAST MODEL; MIXED LAYER; WIND; GENERATION; HURRICANE; OCEAN; WAVES; MOTIONS AB Inertial oscillations (IO) are examined in the Korea Strait based on measurements from 13 acoustic Doppler current profilers covering the time period May 1999 through March 2000. Strong IO responses to wind stress occur during summer. A simple linear model predicts that winter wind stress is expected to generate inertial responses of the same order of magnitude as those in summer. However, the observed winter IO response is much weaker than predicted. During summer, the currents within the mixed layer and below the mixed layer are of comparable amplitude but in opposite directions. The depth at which the currents reverse directions varies throughout the year as the mixed layer deepens from about 40 m during summer to the bottom of the water column in November. During winter, the velocity structure is more uniform in depth with currents in the same direction throughout the water column. One possible explanation for these phenomena is related to the combined effect of the strait boundaries and the strong summer stratification. The stratification prevents the wind stress momentum flux from mixing downward below the thermocline and thus allows the development of a bottom current separate from the surface current. Such a velocity structure is necessary to satisfy the no-flow condition through the land boundaries. C1 Stennis Space Ctr, Res Lab, USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jacobs, GA (reprint author), Stennis Space Ctr, Res Lab, USN, Code 7323, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C11 BP 26943 EP 26957 DI 10.1029/2000JC000509 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 491JM UT WOS:000172105300011 ER PT J AU Pullen, J Allen, JS AF Pullen, J Allen, JS TI Modeling studies of the coastal circulation off northern California: Statistics and patterns of wintertime flow SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OREGON CONTINENTAL-SHELF; OCEAN; SEDIMENT; DISCHARGE; MARGIN; WINDS AB We conduct modeling studies of the coastal circulation off northern California in the vicinity of the Eel River (40.6 degreesN, the site of the 1995-2000 Strata Formation on Margins (STRATAFORM) marine geology observational program) using a series of nested hydrostatic primitive equation models to aid in the understanding of the shelf flow field that receives and transports sediments during the winter floods. The basic objectives of our numerical studies are to model the continental shelf and slope flow and to understand the dominant dynamical processes. We simulate the shelf and slope flow surrounding Cape Mendocino during 100 days in winter 1996-1997 using a 3 km resolution model embedded in a 9 km resolution regional model of the North Pacific Ocean (the Naval Research Laboratory's Pacific West Coast (PWC) model). The validity of the model simulations is assessed by comparison with current measurements from a STRATAFORM shelf tripod outfitted with an acoustic Doppler current profiler and with satellite altimetry. Good agreement is found between the amplitude and time variability of the 3 km resolution modeled and observed alongshore currents on the shelf. The 3 km resolution model outperforms the 9 km resolution PWC model. Using statistical maps of flow variables., strong alongshore variability in wintertime flow is documented. The role of the forcing supplied by wind and river runoff in establishing this flow asymmetry between regions north and south of Cape Mendocino is examined using empirical orthogonal functions. The evolution of a robust anticyclonic eddy over the shelf and slope adjacent to Cape Mendocino is described. The eddy forms when strong poleward winds weaken and reverse direction during winter storms. The important role of alongshore pressure gradients in the shelf circulation is documented. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pullen, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C11 BP 26959 EP 26984 DI 10.1029/2000JC000548 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 491JM UT WOS:000172105300012 ER PT J AU Handler, RA Mied, RP Evans, TE Donato, TF AF Handler, RA Mied, RP Evans, TE Donato, TF TI Convergence fronts in tidally forced rotating estuaries SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN ESTUARY; REAL APERTURE RADAR; WELL-MIXED ESTUARY; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; AXIAL CONVERGENCE; SECONDARY FLOW; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SAND WAVES; CHANNELS; BOUNDARY AB In situ observation and remote sensing imagery reveal the presence of longitudinal velocity convergences over bathymetric channels in tidal estuaries. We present the results of numerical experiments designed to investigate the cause of these convergences for channels possessing shallow shoal regions and a deeper central region. The equations of motion for a homogeneous fluid on a rotating Earth are solved using a fully spectral code in the across-estuary (i.e., the vertical or x-z) plane, while no along-estuary flow variations (in the y direction) are permitted. A Gaussian-shaped bottom bathymetry is chosen. In the along-channel (y) direction we impose a pressure gradient which is the sum of constant and fluctuating parts to simulate the steady and tidally oscillating parts of the estuarine flow. The details of the transient response can be complicated, but we observe that for most (similar to 80%) of the tidal cycle there exists a cross-estuary recirculation cell colocated with a localized along-channel jet. Both of these are situated over the bottom bathymetric groove; the circulation is always clockwise when facing down current. This feature results from the generation of stream-wise vorticity through the tilting of planetary vorticity by the vertical shear of the along-estuary flow. A surface convergence-divergence pair is associated with the flow. The maximum value of each is seen to occur on the edge of the bathymetric feature but may migrate toward or away from the center as long as the current continues in the same direction. When the tide reverses, the feature reappears on the opposite shoal, and the migration of the convergence and divergence extrema begins again. We also find that the responses are qualitatively similar for all bathymetric grooves, even asymmetrically situated ones, provided that the estuary width-to-depth ratio is of order 100 or larger, the Rossby numbers are of order unity, and the Ekman layer thickness-to-channel-depth ratio is greater than similar to0.65. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7250,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C11 BP 27145 EP 27162 DI 10.1029/2000JC000637 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 491JM UT WOS:000172105300024 ER PT J AU Bayer, M Kuther, A Kulakovskii, VD Forchel, A Knipp, PA Reinecke, TL AF Bayer, M Kuther, A Kulakovskii, VD Forchel, A Knipp, PA Reinecke, TL TI Control of light polarization in structured cavities by a magnetic field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CONFINED OPTICAL MODES; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; QUANTUM BOXES; PHOTONIC DOTS; MICROCAVITY; DEPENDENCE AB We demonstrate that the polarization of the optical modes in wirelike microcavities formed by lithography can be controlled by an external magnetic field, At zero field, these modes are split into two linearly polarized components by the resonator geometry with a splitting which depends on the wire width and the mode index. A magnetic field causes these modes to become circularly polarized and their splittings to increase. These effects are shown to result from magnetic-field dependence of the dielectric function. C1 Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bayer, M (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 20 AR 201307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.201307 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 497PL UT WOS:000172464600015 ER PT J AU Haftel, MI Rosen, M AF Haftel, MI Rosen, M TI Surface embedded atom model of the electrolyte-metal interface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRANSKI-KRASTANOV GROWTH; EARLY FILM DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FCC METALS; RECONSTRUCTED AU(111); SELF-DIFFUSION; AU; STRESS; GOLD; NI AB We develop a semiempirical interatomic potential model based on the surface embedded atom method (SEAM) for simulating the metal-electrolyte interface in the presence of excess surface charge on the metal electrode surface in an electrochemical cell. We take the excess charge into account by modifying the electron density in the embedding function of the SEAM potential. We calculate total and surface energies and the surface stress as functions of the cell voltage [relative to the potential of zero charge (PZC)] for gold electrodes and compare with reported measurements. The values of the two parameters that occur in our model are fit to the measured work function and capacitance of the Au(111) surface. The parameter corresponding to the height of the surface layer is in close agreement with that obtained from density-functional theory calculations. A similar fit is also carried out for silver electrodes. The calculated values of the PZC for low index faces of gold and silver follow the trend observed experimentally. Our results suggest that the SEAM potentials can reasonably describe the physics of the metal-electrolyte interface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Nanostruct Opt Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Haftel, MI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Nanostruct Opt Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 19 AR 195405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.195405 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 494WB UT WOS:000172307900120 ER PT J AU Long, JR Chase, SJ Kabler, MN AF Long, JR Chase, SJ Kabler, MN TI Excited-state photoelectron spectroscopy of excitons in C-60 and photopolymerized C-60 films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL C-60; SOLID C-60; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TRIPLET EXCITON; RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; ELECTRONIC STATES; BAND DISPERSION; VALENCE-BAND AB Laser-excited states in films of pristine C-60 and photopolymerized C-60 (PP-C-60) prepared in ultrahigh vacuum have been characterized in situ with pump-probe photoelectron spectroscopy using both synchrotron radiation and picosecond laser sources. Photoelectron spectra of singlet (S-1) and triplet (T-1) excitons overlap because of vibrational broadening in the photoemission final state. The spectra have been individually isolated in pp-C-60 with time-resolved methods and are split by 0.33 eV. Signals from pristine C-60 are weaker but are spectroscopically similar, The origin for exciton transitions for both C-60 and PP-C-60 is found to be properly located near the maximum of the highest occupied molecular orbital. Increasing excitation density favors T-1 production over S-1 such that, at high exciton concentrations, T-1 states predominate, even at times much shorter than the unimolecular intersystem crossing time, measured to be similar to2.5 ns for PP-C-60 at 81 K. A weaker photoemission band located similar to0.5 eV above S-1 is also observed and is attributed to charge carriers and/or charge-transfer excitons. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 78 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 20 AR 205415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.205415 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 497PL UT WOS:000172464600083 ER PT J AU Elster, EA Xu, H Tadaki, DK Montgomery, S Burkly, LC Berning, JD Baumgartner, RE Cruzata, F Marx, R Harlan, DM Kirk, AD AF Elster, EA Xu, H Tadaki, DK Montgomery, S Burkly, LC Berning, JD Baumgartner, RE Cruzata, F Marx, R Harlan, DM Kirk, AD TI Treatment with the humanized CD154-specific monoclonal antibody, hu5C8, prevents acute rejection of primary skin allografts in nonhuman primates SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; INTRAHEPATIC ISLET ALLOGRAFTS; T-CELLS; ANTI-CD154 ANTIBODY; CD40; TOLERANCE; BLOCKING; PATHWAYS; LEADS; GAMMA AB Background. Allogeneic skin transplantation remains a rigorous test of any immune intervention designed to prevent allograft rejection. To date, no single, clinically available immunosuppressant has been reported to induce long-term primary skin allograft survival in primates. We have previously shown that treatment with the humanized CD154-specific monoclonal antibody, humanized 5C8 (hu5C8), induces long-term renal allograft survival in nonhuman primates. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of hu5C8 in preventing primary skin allograft rejection in rhesus monkeys. Methods. Ten rhesus monkeys were transplanted with full-thickness skin allografts mismatched at both class I and class II major histocompatibility loci. Of these, two were given no treatment, five were treated with hu5C8 alone, and three received hu5C8 combined with whole blood donor-specific transfusion (DST). All recipients also received skin autografts for comparison. Animals were followed by inspection, serial biopsy, mixed lymphocyte culture, and alloantibody determination. Results. Treatment with hu5C8 alone or hu5C8 plus DST greatly prolonged allograft survival. Rejection occurred in the untreated group within 7 days. Mean allograft survival in the monotherapy hu5C8 group was > 236 days and in the DST group was > 202 days; these differences were not significant. Rejection eventually occurred in most animals. Allograft survival was not correlated with the development of T cell hyporesponsiveness in mixed lymphocyte culture. Rejection was not predicted by the development of donor-specific alloantibody. Conclusion. These results show that treatment with the CD154-specific monoclonal antibody, hu5C8, greatly delays the onset of acute skin allograft rejection. C1 NIDDK, USN, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Gen Surg, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Kirk, AD (reprint author), NIH, Bldg 10,Ctr Dr,Room 11S-219, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI43900-01] NR 21 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 72 IS 9 BP 1473 EP 1478 DI 10.1097/00007890-200111150-00001 PG 6 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 497QZ UT WOS:000172468100001 PM 11707732 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Bartolo, RE Lindle, JR Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU AF Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Bartolo, RE Lindle, JR Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU TI Mid-infrared photonic-crystal distributed-feedback laser with enhanced spectral purity and beam quality SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS AB We report a photonic-crystal distributed-feedback (PCDFB) laser with an antimonide type-II "W" active region. Optical lithography and dry etching were used to pattern the two-dimensional rectangular lattice with a second-order grating tilted by 20 degrees relative to the facet normal. For pulsed optical pumping, the emission line centered on lambda =4.6-4.7 mum is considerably narrower (7-10 nm) than for Fabry-Perot and angled-grating DFB (alpha -DFB) lasers fabricated from the same wafer. The PCDFB beam quality is also substantially enhanced, e.g., by a factor of 5 compared with the alpha -DFB at a pump-stripe width of 200 mum. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sarnoff Corp, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 12 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 20 BP 3221 EP 3223 DI 10.1063/1.1418445 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 490HQ UT WOS:000172046800003 ER PT J AU Efros, AL Rashba, EI Rosen, M AF Efros, AL Rashba, EI Rosen, M TI Paramagnetic ion-doped nanocrystal as a voltage-controlled spin filter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTOR; QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURE; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; INJECTION; POLARIZATION; COHERENCE; TRANSPORT; ARSENIDE; DEVICE AB A theory of spin injection from a ferromagnetic source into a semiconductor through a paramagnetic ion-doped nanocrystal is developed. Spin-polarized current from the source polarizes the ion; the polarized ion, in turn, controls the spin polarization of the current flowing through the nanocrystal. Depending on voltage, the ion can either enhance the injection coefficient by several times or suppress it. Large ion spins produce stronger enhancement of spin injection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Nanostruct Opt Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Nanostruct Opt Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM erashba@mailaps.org NR 54 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 12 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 20 AR 206601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.206601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 492TD UT WOS:000172182900041 PM 11690502 ER PT J AU Menou, K Vanden Berg, DE Kim, RSJ Knapp, GR Richards, GT Strateva, I Fan, XH Gunn, JE Hall, PB Heckman, T Krolik, J Lupton, RH Schneider, DP York, DG Anderson, SF Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ Munn, JA Nichol, RC Szokoly, GP AF Menou, K Vanden Berg, DE Kim, RSJ Knapp, GR Richards, GT Strateva, I Fan, XH Gunn, JE Hall, PB Heckman, T Krolik, J Lupton, RH Schneider, DP York, DG Anderson, SF Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ Munn, JA Nichol, RC Szokoly, GP TI Broad absorption line quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey with VLA first radio detections SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies : active; quasars : absorption lines; quasars : general; radio continuum : general; surveys ID STELLAR OBJECTS; QSO; REDSHIFT; EMISSION AB We present 13 broad absorption line (BAL) quasars, including 12 new objects, identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and matched within 2 " to sources in the FIRST radio survey catalog. The surface density of this sample of radio-detected BAL quasars is 4.5 +/- 1.2 per 100 deg(2), i.e., approximately 4 times as high as previously found by the shallower FIRST Bright Quasar Survey (FBQS). A majority of these radio-detected BAL quasars are moderately radio-loud objects. The fraction of BAL quasars in the entire radio quasar sample, 4.8% +/- 1.3%, is comparable to the fraction of BAL quasars among the SDSS optical quasar sample (ignoring selection effects). We estimate that the true fraction of BAL quasars (mostly "HiBALs") in the radio sample is 9.2% +/- 2.6%, once selection effects are accounted for. We caution that the absorption troughs of four of the 13 radio-detected quasars considered do not strictly satisfy the standard BALnicity criteria. One or possibly two of the new radio-detected BAL quasars are of the rare "FeLoBAL" type. BAL quasars are generally redder than the median SDSS quasar at the same redshift. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Midori Ku, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. RP Menou, K (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 32 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2001 VL 561 IS 2 BP 645 EP 652 DI 10.1086/323218 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 492VT UT WOS:000172188800011 ER PT J AU Reilly, KT Bloom, ED Focke, W Giebels, B Godfrey, G Parkinson, PMS Shabad, G Ray, PS Bandyopadhyay, RM Wood, KS Wolff, MT Fritz, GG Hertz, P Kowalski, MP Lovellette, MN Yentis, DJ Scargle, JD AF Reilly, KT Bloom, ED Focke, W Giebels, B Godfrey, G Parkinson, PMS Shabad, G Ray, PS Bandyopadhyay, RM Wood, KS Wolff, MT Fritz, GG Hertz, P Kowalski, MP Lovellette, MN Yentis, DJ Scargle, JD TI USA experiment observation of spectral and timing evolution during the 2000 outburst of XTE J1550-564 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : general; stars : individual (XTE J1550-564); X-rays : stars ID ACCRETION; DISKS AB We report on timing and spectral observations of the 2000 outburst of XTE J1550-64 made by the Unconventional Stellar Aspect (USA) experiment on board the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS). We observe a low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation with a centroid frequency that tends to increase with increasing flux and a fractional rms amplitude that is correlated with the hardness ratio. Several high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations were detected by Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer during periods where the low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation was seen to be weakening or not detectable at all. The evolution of the hardness ratio (4-16 keV/1-4 keV) with time and source flux is examined. The hardness-intensity diagram shows a cyclical movement in the counterclockwise direction and possibly indicates the presence of two independent accretion flows: a thin-disk flow and a hot sub-Keplerian flow. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. RP Reilly, KT (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2001 VL 561 IS 2 BP L183 EP L186 DI 10.1086/324756 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 492VU UT WOS:000172188900010 ER PT J AU Raviprakash, K Marques, E Ewing, D Lu, Y Phillips, I Porter, KR Kochel, TJ August, TJ Hayes, CG Murphy, GS AF Raviprakash, K Marques, E Ewing, D Lu, Y Phillips, I Porter, KR Kochel, TJ August, TJ Hayes, CG Murphy, GS TI Synergistic neutralizing antibody response to a dengue virus type 2 DNA vaccine by incorporation of lysosome-associated membrane protein sequences and use of plasmid expressing GM-CSF SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE dengue; DNA vaccine; LAMP; GM-CSF; neutralizing antibody; lysosome targeting ID CLASS-II COMPARTMENTS; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; DENDRITIC CELLS; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; MICE; ANTIGEN; IMMUNIZATION; GENE AB We have previously shown that a dengue virus type 1 DNA vaccine expressing premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes was immunogenic in mice and monkeys and that rhesus monkeys vaccinated with this construct were completely to partially protected from virus challenge. In order to improve the immunogenicity of dengue DNA vaccines, we have evaluated the effect of lysosome targeting of antigens and communization with a plasmid expressing GM-CSF on antibody responses. A dengue virus type 2 candidate vaccine containing prM and E genes was constructed in which the transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions of E were replaced by those of the lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP). The modified vaccine construct expressed antigen that was colocalized with endogenous LAMP in lysosomal vesicles of transfected cells, whereas the antigen expressed from the unmodified construct was not. It was hypothesized that targeting of antigen to the lysosomal compartment will increase antigen presentation by MHC class II, leading to stronger CD4-mediated immune responses. Mice immunized with the modified construct responded with significantly higher levels of virus neutralizing antibodies compared to those immunized with the unmodified construct. Communization of mice with a plasmid expressing murine GM-CSF enhanced the antibody response obtained with either the unmodified or the modified construct alone. The highest antibody responses were noted when the modified construct was coinjected with plasmid expressing the GM-CSF gene. These results could form the basis for an effective tetravalent dengue virus DNA vaccine. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Virol Program, Infect Dis Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Mol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Raviprakash, K (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Virol Program, Infect Dis Directorate, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Room 3N71, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Porter, Kevin/A-8027-2011; Marques, Ernesto/L-4514-2013; Marques, Ernesto/L-4967-2013 OI Marques, Ernesto/0000-0003-3826-9358; Marques, Ernesto/0000-0003-3826-9358 NR 42 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 10 PY 2001 VL 290 IS 1 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.1006/viro.2001.1136 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 497NY UT WOS:000172463400008 PM 11883007 ER PT J AU Ritchie, GD Rossi, J Nordholm, AF Still, KR Carpenter, RL Wenger, GR Wright, DW AF Ritchie, GD Rossi, J Nordholm, AF Still, KR Carpenter, RL Wenger, GR Wright, DW TI Effects of repeated exposure to JP-8 jet fuel vapor on learning of simple and difficult operant tasks by rats SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; TEMPORAL DISCRIMINATION; TERM INHALATION; TEST BATTERY; N-HEXANE; WORKERS; TOLUENE; PERFORMANCE AB Groups of 16 Sprague-Dawley rats each were exposed by whole-body inhalation methods to JP-8 jet fuel at the highest vapor concentration without formation of aerosol (1000 +/- 10% mg/m(3)); to 50% of this concentration (500 +/- 10% mg/m(3)); or to treated room air (70 +/- 3 L/min) for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk, for 6 wk (180 h). Although two subjects died of apparent kidney complications during the study, no other change in the health status of exposed rats was observed, including rate of weight gain. Following a 65-d period of rest, rats were evaluated for their capacity to learn and perform a series of operant tasks. These tasks ranged in difficulty from learning of a simple food-reinforced lever pressing response, to learning a task in which subjects were required to emit up to four-response chains of pressing three different levers (e.g., press levers C, R, L, then C). It was shown that repeated exposure to 1000 mg/m(3) JP-8 vapor induced significant deficits in acquisition or performance of moderately difficult or difficult tasks, but not simple learning tasks, as compared to those animals exposed to 500 mg/m(3). Learning/performance of complex tasks by the 500-mg/m(3) exposure group generally exceeded the performance of control animals, while learning by the 1000-mg/m(3) group was nearly always inferior to controls, indicating possible "neurobehavioral" hormesis. These findings appear consistent with some previously reported data for operant performance following acute exposure to certain hydrocarbon constituents of JP-8 (i.e., toluene, xylenes). There has, however, been little previously published research demonstrating long-term learning effects for repeated hydrocarbon fuel exposures. Examination of regional brain tissues from vapor-exposed rats indicated significant changes in levels of dopamine in the cerebral cortex and DOPAC in the brainstem, measured as long as 180 d postexposure, as compared to controls. C1 Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Detachment Toxicol, Neurobehav Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Ritchie, GD (reprint author), NRHCTD, 2612 5th St,Bldg 433, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 74 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD NOV 9 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 5 BP 385 EP 415 DI 10.1080/152873901753170731 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 490BE UT WOS:000172029700002 PM 11700005 ER PT J AU Jin, N Berger, PR Rommel, SL Thompson, PE Hobart, KD AF Jin, N Berger, PR Rommel, SL Thompson, PE Hobart, KD TI pnp Si resonant interband tunnel diode with symmetrical NDR SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LOW-TEMPERATURE AB A Si-based resonant interband tunnel diode (RITD) is presented with a pnp configuration so that an integrated RITD can be easily used to form a latch. The I-V characteristics of this pnp RITD show symmetrical negative differential resistance (NDR) regions in both forward and reverse bias. The top diode shows a peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) of 1.63 with peak current density (J(p)) of 1.5 kA/cm(2), while the bottom diode shows a PVCR of 1.51 with J(p) of 2.0 kA/cm(2). C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jin, N (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Rommel, Sean/F-9654-2013; Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Rommel, Sean/0000-0001-5996-0813; Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD NOV 8 PY 2001 VL 37 IS 23 BP 1412 EP 1414 DI 10.1049/el:20010961 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 496AU UT WOS:000172373300029 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Joseph, DB Bowen, WD Flippen-Anderson, JL Dersch, CM Rothman, RB Jacobson, AE Rice, KC AF Zhang, Y Joseph, DB Bowen, WD Flippen-Anderson, JL Dersch, CM Rothman, RB Jacobson, AE Rice, KC TI Synthesis and biological evaluation of tropane-like 1-{2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl}-4-(3-phenylpropyl) piperazine (GBR 12909) analogues SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DOPAMINE REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; BIOGENIC-AMINE TRANSPORTERS; HIGH-AFFINITY; MOUSE-BRAIN; GBR 12935; COCAINE ANALOG; BINDING-SITES; POTENT; SEROTONIN; ABUSE AB We have prepared azabicyclo [3.2.1] derivatives (C-3-substituted tropanes) that bind with high affinity to the dopamine transporter and inhibit dopamine reuptake. Within the series, 3-{2-[bis-(4-fluorophenyl)methoxyl ethylidene}-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane (8) was found to have the highest affinity and selectivity for the dopamine transporter. These azabicyclo [3.2.1] (bridged piperidine) series of compounds differ from the well-known benztropines by a 2-carbon spacer between C-3 and a diarylmethoxy moiety. Interestingly, these new compounds demonstrated a much lower affinity for the muscarinic-1 site, at least a 100-fold decrease compared to benztropine. Replacing N-methyl with N-phenylpropyl in two of the compounds resulted in a 3-10-fold increase in binding affinity for the dopamine transporter. However, those compounds lost selectivity for the dopamine transporter over the serotonin transporter. Replacement of the ether oxygen in the diarylmethoxy moiety with a nitrogen atom gave relatively inactive amines, indicating the important role which is played by the ether oxygen in transporter binding. Reduction of the C-3 double bond in 8 gave 3 alpha -substituted tropanes, as shown by X-ray crystallographic analyses of 11, 12, and 19. The 3 alpha -substituted tropanes had lower affinity and less selectivity than the comparable unsaturated ligands. C1 NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDA, Addict Res Ctr, Clin Psychopharmacol Sect, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Bldg 8,Room B1-22, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kr2lf@nih.gov NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD NOV 8 PY 2001 VL 44 IS 23 BP 3937 EP 3945 DI 10.1021/jm0101592 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 490JK UT WOS:000172048600019 PM 11689080 ER PT J AU Kalinowski, J Murata, H Picciolo, LC Kafafi, ZH AF Kalinowski, J Murata, H Picciolo, LC Kafafi, ZH TI Voltage evolution of the recombination zone and emission quantum yield in organic light-emitting diodes with doped and undoped emitter layers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HOLE TRANSPORT; CARRIER RECOMBINATION; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; THIN-FILMS; ALUMINUM; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; ELECTROABSORPTION; OPERATION; DISORDER; CRYSTALS AB The recombination zone in triple-layer electroluminescent (EL) devices with the structure indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/N.N'-diphenyl-N.N'bis(3-methylphenyl)-1.1'-biphenyl-4,4'diamine (TPD)/(tris-hydroxyquinolinato (Alq(3)) + dopant) /Alq(3)/Mg:Ag has been determined based oil their emission quantum efficiency (phi (E) (L)), and examined as a function of applied voltage and dopant concentration in the emitter laver (EML). Devices containing an EML of 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene (rubrene) doped into Alq3 generate yellow emission with a peak external phi (E) (L) of 2.5% photons/carrier at an applied field of similar to0.6 MV cm(-1). Devices containing an EML of 6,13-diphenylpentacene (DPP) doped into Alq(3) exhibit a Saturated red emission and a maximum phi (E) (L) of 1.5% photons/carrier at similar to0.7 MV cm(-1) at low dopant concentration levels. The field (F) dependence of phi (E) (L) shows a maximum at F-max dependent on the dopant concentration. This observation may be explained in terms of the field evolution of the recombination zone in the low-field range, and the field-assisted dissociation of the excited states in the high-field region. Other mechanisms of the high-field decrease in phi (E) (L) Such as singlet-singlet and singlet-charge carrier annihilation are discussed. They seem to be inapplicable under the operation conditions of these EL devices. C1 Gdansk Tech Univ, Dept Mol Phys, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kalinowski, J (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, Ctr Elect Mat & Devices, London SW7 2AY, England. RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 45 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD NOV 7 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 21 BP 3130 EP 3138 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/34/21/305 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 500TP UT WOS:000172643100006 ER PT J AU Jonker, BT Hanbicki, AT Park, YD Itskos, G Furis, M Kioseoglou, G Petrou, A Wei, X AF Jonker, BT Hanbicki, AT Park, YD Itskos, G Furis, M Kioseoglou, G Petrou, A Wei, X TI Quantifying electrical spin injection: Component-resolved electroluminescence from spin-polarized light-emitting diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNET-SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACE AB The spin-polarized light-emitting diode (spin-LED) is a very effective tool for accurately quantifying electrical spin injection in a model independent manner. We resolve and identify various components which occur in the electroluminescence (EL) spectra of GaAs quantum-well-based spin-LEDs, and examine the circular polarization of each. While a number of components exhibit significant circular polarization, the values do not necessarily reflect the electrical spin injection efficiency. We show that a reliable measure of spin injection efficiency can be obtained only if one takes care to spectroscopically resolve and accurately identify the free exciton or free carrier components of the EL spectrum, and exclude other components. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Jonker, BT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Park, Yun/A-9559-2008; Furis, Madalina/F-8090-2015; OI Park, Yun/0000-0001-7699-0432; Furis, Madalina/0000-0001-9007-5492; Itskos, Grigorios/0000-0003-3971-3801 NR 16 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 19 BP 3098 EP 3100 DI 10.1063/1.1416164 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 487UY UT WOS:000171896600028 ER PT J AU Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF AF Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF TI A new Vogel-like law: Ionic conductivity, dielectric relaxation, and viscosity near the glass transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); FORMING LIQUIDS; HIGH-PRESSURE; EQUATION; DYNAMICS; POLYMERS; ENTROPY AB A model is developed that describes temperature and pressure dependence of dielectric relaxation, ionic conductivity, and viscosity of glass-forming liquids near the glass transition temperature. The expressions for ionic conductivity are compared with experimental results for two polymer electrolytes. Those for dielectric relaxation are compared with data for poly(propylene oxide) and poly(vinyl acetate). The theoretical viscosity law is compared with experiment for propylene carbonate. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Bendler, JT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 23 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 19 AR 195503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.195503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 490AT UT WOS:000172027200023 PM 11690421 ER PT J AU Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ Claassen, JH Trotter, G Kim, H Horwitz, JS AF Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ Claassen, JH Trotter, G Kim, H Horwitz, JS TI New insight into enhanced superconductivity in metals near the metal-insulator transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS SI1-XAUX; SCALING THEORY; SUPPRESSION; DISORDER; SYSTEMS; FILMS AB We have studied the transport properties of disordered WSi films near the metal/insulator transition (MIT) and we have also reviewed the data for several other disordered materials near their MIT. In all cases, we found the presence of enhanced superconductivity. We constructed a superconductivity "phase diagram" (i.e., T-c versus sigma) for each system, which reveals a striking correlation: In all cases, T-c values are significantly enhanced only for samples whose conductivities lie within a narrow range on the metallic side of, and moderately near, the MIT. We present a heuristic model to explain this phenomenon. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Osofsky, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 35 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 19 AR 197004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.197004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 490AT UT WOS:000172027200049 PM 11690447 ER PT J AU Zhang, JZ Flippen-Anderson, JL Kozikowski, AP AF Zhang, JZ Flippen-Anderson, JL Kozikowski, AP TI A tandem Michael addition ring-closure route to the metabotropic receptor ligand alpha-(hydroxymethyl)glutamic acid and its gamma-alkylated derivatives SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Drug Discovery Program, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kozikowski, AP (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Drug Discovery Program, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. EM kozikozva@georgetown.edu FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS 35449] NR 12 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD NOV 2 PY 2001 VL 66 IS 22 BP 7555 EP 7559 DI 10.1021/jo010626n PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 489CD UT WOS:000171973700050 PM 11681981 ER PT J AU Flippen-Anderson, JL Axenrod, T Sun, JG Gilardi, RD AF Flippen-Anderson, JL Axenrod, T Sun, JG Gilardi, RD TI 3,7-Di-tert-butyl-1,5-dinitro-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]-nonane SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The conformation of the title compound, C15H28N4O4, was determined. The tricyclic nine-membered ring has a boat-shaped azacyclohexane ring on one side of the bridge and a chair-shaped ring on the other side. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Flippen-Anderson, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD NOV PY 2001 VL 57 BP O1128 EP O1129 DI 10.1107/S1600536801018153 PN 11 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 487NM UT WOS:000171881800085 ER PT J AU Gilardi, RD Axenrod, T Sun, JG Flippen-Anderson, JL AF Gilardi, RD Axenrod, T Sun, JG Flippen-Anderson, JL TI 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The conformation and density were determined for the title compound, C7H10N6O8. As expected, the bicyclic nine-membered ring has two chair-shaped azacyclohexane rings. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Flippen-Anderson, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD NOV PY 2001 VL 57 BP O1107 EP O1108 DI 10.1107/S1600536801017780 PN 11 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 487NM UT WOS:000171881800076 ER PT J AU Hiipakka, DW Dyrdahl, KS Cardenas, MG AF Hiipakka, DW Dyrdahl, KS Cardenas, MG TI Successful reduction of morticians' exposure to formaldehyde during embalming procedures SO AIHAJ LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition CY 1999 CL TORONTO, CANADA DE autopsy; embalming; exhaust ventilation; formaldehyde; mortician AB A case study of the effectiveness of upgraded ventilation engineering controls in a military mortuary facility was performed. Worst-case mortician formaldehyde exposures generated during the use of highly concentrated embalming fluid (required to meet a 2-week preservation standard for overseas case processing and return of the deceased to the continental United States) were documented. A detailed exposure evaluation via consecutive short-term exposure limit (STEL) samples facilitated characterization of the hazard potential for each distinct phase of the embalming process. After baseline screening with 3M passive formaldehyde dosimeters, a total of 145 personal and area STEL sorbent tube samples were collected during six embalming cases between 1994 and 1998. Prior to the installation of local exhaust ventilation controls, personal time-weighted average (TWA) exposure values during embalming activities were 3.19-7.69 ppm for a mean of 4.80 ppm (calculated 8-hour TWA exposures for mortician workshifts were 1.32-2.86 ppm, mean 1.93 ppm). Initial STEL exposures ranged from a low of 0.14 during preembalming body preparation to 20.89 ppm during aspiration of arterial fluids (mean = 4.16 ppm). Embalming room general area samples revealed a mean concentration of 0.76 ppm. With ventilation upgrades installed in 1997, calculated personal 8-hour TWA exposure values during embalming procedures were reduced. STEL exposures decreased to between 0.11 to 3.44 ppm (mean of 0.55 ppm); embalming room general area sample concentrations decreased to a mean of 0.089 ppm. Because occasional 15-min peak exposures continued to exceed the 2.0 ppm Occupational Safety and Health Administration STEL during tasks involving large volumes of embalming fluid or direct contact with paraformaldehyde preservative powders, general room ventilation was further upgraded to 25 room air changes per hour. C1 USN, Hosp Rota Spain, Ind Hyg Serv, FPO, AE 09645 USA. RP Hiipakka, DW (reprint author), USN, Hosp Rota Spain, Ind Hyg Serv, PSC 819,Box 18-226, FPO, AE 09645 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHAJ JI AIHAJ PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 62 IS 6 BP 689 EP 696 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(2001)062<0689:SROMET>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 500JL UT WOS:000172623500011 PM 11767933 ER PT J AU Simmons, M Murphy, GS Kochel, T Raviprakash, K Hayes, CG AF Simmons, M Murphy, GS Kochel, T Raviprakash, K Hayes, CG TI Characterization of antibody responses to combinations of a dengue-2 DNA and dengue-2 recombinant subunit vaccine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; FUSION PROTEIN; MICE; IMMUNOGENICITY AB A dengue-2 (DEN-2) DNA vaccine coding for the premembrane and envelope (E) proteins and a recombinant fusion protein containing a the B domain of the DEN-2 E protein fused to the maltose-binding protein (MBP) of Escherichia coli both elicited neutralizing antibody in mice. In order to achieve more rapid protective immunity as well as to increase the persistence of neutralizing, antibody, we primed mice with the DNA vaccine (D), the recombinant MBP protein (R), or both (RD) given simultaneously, and then boosted twice with either the R (R/R/R or D/R/R) or D (D/D/D or R/D/D) constructs alone or the RD (RD/RD/RD) combination. All of the recombinant protein vaccines were given with alum as an adjuvant. The serum antibody response measured by enzyme-link-ed immunosorbent assay was highest in D/D/D mice and RD/RD/RD mice. The D/R/R mice showed an intermediate response, and the R/D/D and R/R/R showed the lowest response. The geometric mean (GM) 50% neutralization titer (50% plaque reduction neutralization, or PRNT50) was marginally higher for RD/RD/RD mice (891) at 9 months after priming than that for R/R/R mice (724). The lowest GM PRNT50 titers were seen in the D/D/D mice (33) and R/D/D mice (40), and the D/R/R group had a slightly higher titer (156) than these 2 groups. The predominant antibody subclass for the D/D/D mice was immunoglobulin (Ig) G2a, similar to mice infected with live virus. The R/R/R mice showed an exclusive IgG1 antibody response, and the RD/RD/RD response also was predominantly IgG1. The antibody subclass pattern of the R/D/D and D/R/R mice showed a more balanced distribution of both IgG1 and IgG2a. Investigating the neutralizing capacity of antibody subclasses suggested that both IgG1 and IgG2a could neutralize DEN-2 virus. Our observations indicate that the combination RD prime-boost regimen warrants further investigation as a vaccine strategy to prevent dengue infection. C1 USN, Virol Program, Viral Dis Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Simmons, M (reprint author), USN, Virol Program, Viral Dis Directorate, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 38 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 65 IS 5 BP 420 EP 426 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 491ZD UT WOS:000172139700006 PM 11716093 ER PT J AU Walz, SE Baqar, S Beecham, HJ Echeverria, P Lebron, C McCarthy, M Kuschner, R Bowling, S Bourgeois, AL Scott, DA AF Walz, SE Baqar, S Beecham, HJ Echeverria, P Lebron, C McCarthy, M Kuschner, R Bowling, S Bourgeois, AL Scott, DA TI Pre-exposure anti-Campylobacter jejuni immunoglobulin A levels associated with reduced risk of Campylobacter diarrhea in adults traveling to Thailand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CIPROFLOXACIN; IMMUNITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AZITHROMYCIN; INFECTIONS; PREVENTION; MUCOSAL AB Diarrhea history questionnaires were administered to 369 U.S. military volunteers before and after deployment to Thailand. Additionally, blood samples obtained from a subset of 221 volunteers 1-3 weeks previously and 3-4 weeks after their deployment were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin A to Campylobacter jejuni. Stool samples from personnel (including volunteers) contracting diarrhea in Thailand were cultured for enteric pathogens. Overall, 35.2% (130 of 369) of questionnaire respondents reported one or more diarrhea episodes during their trip. Volunteers with pretravel anti-C. jejuni reciprocal titers less than or equal to 450 were 1.6 times as likely to have had diarrhea during their stay in Thailand compared with those with pretravel titers > 450 (39.7% versus 25.3%; P = 0.05). The symptomatic seroconversion, or attributable Campylobacter diarrhea attack rate, for the I-month exercise was 12.7% (28 of 221). The symptomatic seroconversion rate in nonimmune (titer less than or equal to 450) volunteers was 17.1%, whereas that in immune volunteers was only 4.0% (P = 0.002). Campylobacter jejuni or C. coli were recovered from 32.9% (56 of 170) of stool samples cultured and were the most commonly identified enteropathogens. Campylobacter diarrhea was associated with elevated temperatures, fecal red cells, and fecal white blood cells. The results of this study show that Campylobacter continues to represent a significant health threat to Western travelers to Thailand, but many of these travelers have preexisting Campylobacter immunity that protects them from clinically significant Campylobacter enteritis. C1 Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 6, Honolulu, HI 96860 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Walz, SE (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis directorate, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 65 IS 5 BP 652 EP 656 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 491ZD UT WOS:000172139700045 PM 11716132 ER PT J AU Hyams, KC Riddle, J Trump, DH Graham, JT AF Hyams, KC Riddle, J Trump, DH Graham, JT TI Endemic infectious diseases and biological warfare during the Gulf War: A decade of analysis and final concerns SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID OPERATION-DESERT-SHIELD; PERSIAN-GULF; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; SAUDI-ARABIA; MILITARY PERSONNEL; MEDICAL SUPPORT; US VETERANS; STORM; HEALTH; TROOPS AB Infectious diseases were one of the first health threats confronted by Coalition troops deployed to the Arabian desert in August 1990. On the basis of experiences in World War II, the major endemic infectious disease risks were thought to be sandfly fever, cutaneous leishmaniasis, diarrheal disease, and malaria. Although there was active surveillance, no case of sandfly fever and few other endemic infectious diseases were identified among over 500,000 U.S., British, and Canadian ground troops. In addition, there was no diagnosis of biological warfare (BW) exposure, and BW agents were not detected in clinical, environmental, or veterinary samples. The most common infectious disease problems were those associated with crowding (acute upper respiratory infections) and reduced levels of sanitation (travelers-type diarrhea). Only one endemic infectious disease has been confirmed as causing chronic health problems: visceral Leishmania tropica infection (viscerotropic leishmaniasis). However, this protozoan infection was diagnosed in only 12 U.S. veterans, and no new cases have been identified during the last 8 years. Infectious diseases were not a serious problem for Gulf War troops because of extensive preventive medicine efforts and favorable weather and geographic factors. Moreover, it is unlikely that an endemic infectious disease or a BW agent could cause chronic health problems and remain undetected over a 10-year period. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Pentagon, Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. British Liaison Officer Gulf Hlth British Embassy, Interagcy Support Off 13H, Washington, DC USA. RP Hyams, KC (reprint author), POB 425, Rockville, MD 20848 USA. NR 71 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 65 IS 5 BP 664 EP 670 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 491ZD UT WOS:000172139700047 PM 11716134 ER PT J AU Kennedy, CH Niederbuhl, J AF Kennedy, CH Niederbuhl, J TI Establishing criteria for sexual consent capacity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article AB Assessment of sexual consent capacity of individuals with mental retardation is a complex problem. A struggle exists between promoting rights and protection from harm when these impairments interfere with the ability to make informed decisions. We examined the consensus of psychologists on specific criteria for sexual consent capacity. Randomly selected doctoral level members (N = 305) of the American Psychological Association completed a questionnaire regarding their opinions about various components of human sexuality. A factor analysis of individual items revealed five factors: Consequences of Sexual Activity, Essential Sexual Knowledge, Unessential Sexual Knowledge, Safety for Self and Others, and Basic Safety Skills. Generally, the factor structure identified basic sexual knowledge, knowledge of the consequences of sexual behavior, and abilities related to self-protection as integral to sexual consent capacity. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Kennedy, CH (reprint author), PSC 482 Box 2866, FPO, AP 96362 USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 USA SN 0895-8017 J9 AM J MENT RETARD JI Am. J. Ment. Retard. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 106 IS 6 BP 503 EP 510 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 522KG UT WOS:000173894700002 PM 11708936 ER PT J AU VanDeMark, B AF VanDeMark, B TI Humanity: A moral history of the twentieth century. SO ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP VanDeMark, B (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0002-7162 J9 ANN AM ACAD POLIT SS JI Ann. Am. Acad. Polit. Soc. Sci. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 578 BP 186 EP 187 DI 10.1177/0002716201578001021 PG 2 WC Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 623QV UT WOS:000179715100021 ER PT J AU Valeri, CR Dennis, RC Ragno, G Pivacek, LE Hechtman, HB Khuri, SF AF Valeri, CR Dennis, RC Ragno, G Pivacek, LE Hechtman, HB Khuri, SF TI Survival, function, and hemolysis of shed red blood cells processed as nonwashed blood and washed red blood cells SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID INTRAOPERATIVE AUTO-TRANSFUSION; SURGERY; COMPLICATIONS AB Background. Shed nonwashed blood and shed washed red blood cells (RBC) are being used as alternatives to allogeneic liquid-preserved RBC for patients during thoracic and cardiovascular surgical procedures. Methods. Mongrel dogs were bled a volume of blood into the abdominal cavity and the shed blood was reinfused as nonwashed blood or washed RBC. The Cr-51 RBC volumes were measured before, immediately after, and 24 hours after the exchange transfusion to assess the recovery of the shed RBC and the 24-hour postftansfusion survival. Compatible dogs were given allogeneic transfusions of Cr-51-labeled nonwashed blood and washed RBC, and 24-hour posttransfusion survival and half-life were measured. Results. Immediately after the 100% exchange transfusion, the recovery value was 62% for the nonwashed shed blood and 82% for the washed RBC. Both the nonwashed blood and the washed RBC had 24-hour posttransfusion survival values of 90% and normal oxygen transport function after the exchange transfusion. Compatible allogeneic Cr-51-labeled nonwashed blood and washed RBC had normal 24-hour posttranfusion survival and Cr-51 half-life values. Conclusions. The survival, function, and hemolysis of shed nonwashed blood and shed washed RBC were similar to fresh blood in the dog that underwent a 100% exchange transfusion. (C) 2001 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Surg Serv, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Vet Affairs Boston Healthcare Syst, Surg Serv, W Roxbury, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Valeri, CR (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, USN, Blood Res Lab, 615 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1598 EP 1602 DI 10.1016/S0003-4975(01)03097-1 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 489LF UT WOS:000171992300036 PM 11722051 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Montcalm, C Baker, S Bajt, S AF Seely, JF Montcalm, C Baker, S Bajt, S TI High-efficiency MoRu-Be multilayer-coated gratings operating near normal incidence in the 11.1-12.0-nm wavelength range SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; REGION; MO/SI; FILMS AB MoRu-Be multilayer coatings were applied to two diffraction gratings for the purpose of enhancing their normal-incidence efficiency in the 11.1-12.0-nm wavelength range. The grating substrates were replicas of a holographic master grating that had a blazed groove profile with 2400 grooves/mm and a 2-m radius of curvature. The relatively low average microroughness (0.8 nm) of the grating surfaces contributed to the relatively high groove efficiency of the grating substrates and the reflectance of the MoRu-Be multilayer coatings. The peak efficiency, measured with synchrotron radiation, was 10.4% in the second diffraction order at a wavelength of 11.37 nm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Informat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7674, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil RI Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 31 BP 5565 EP 5574 DI 10.1364/AO.40.005565 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 487BH UT WOS:000171853400001 PM 18364842 ER PT J AU Guardiano, RA Ryan, M Liotta, EA AF Guardiano, RA Ryan, M Liotta, EA TI Bullae in a 20-year old man SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPIDERMOLYTIC HYPERKERATOSIS C1 Branch Med Clin Oceana, Virginia Beach, VA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Guardiano, RA (reprint author), Branch Med Clin Oceana, Virginia Beach, VA USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 137 IS 11 BP 1522 EP + PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 492NH UT WOS:000172174100022 ER PT J AU Ellison, P Norwood, CW Turiansky, GW AF Ellison, P Norwood, CW Turiansky, GW TI Chronic dark-brown scales SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-LINKED ICHTHYOSIS; STEROID SULFATASE; GENE C1 USAF, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. USN, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ellison, P (reprint author), USAF, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 137 IS 11 BP 1523 EP + PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 492NH UT WOS:000172174100023 ER PT J AU Hoyt, TD AF Hoyt, TD TI Pakistani nuclear doctrine and the dangers of strategic myopia SO ASIAN SURVEY LA English DT Article ID WEAPONS PROGRAM; DETERRENCE C1 Georgetown Univ, Secur Studies Program, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, War Coll, Coll Continuing Educ, Nonresident Program, Newport, RI USA. RP Hoyt, TD (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Secur Studies Program, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0004-4687 J9 ASIAN SURV JI Asian Surv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 41 IS 6 BP 956 EP 977 DI 10.1525/as.2001.41.6.956 PG 22 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 523XL UT WOS:000173982800005 ER PT J AU Odenkirchen, M Grebel, EK Harbeck, D Dehnen, W Rix, HW Newberg, HJ Yanny, B Holtzman, J Brinkmann, J Chen, B Csabai, I Hayes, JJE Hennessy, G Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Kinney, EK Kleinman, SJ Long, D Lupton, RH Neilsen, EH Nitta, A Snedden, SA York, DG AF Odenkirchen, M Grebel, EK Harbeck, D Dehnen, W Rix, HW Newberg, HJ Yanny, B Holtzman, J Brinkmann, J Chen, B Csabai, I Hayes, JJE Hennessy, G Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Kinney, EK Kleinman, SJ Long, D Lupton, RH Neilsen, EH Nitta, A Snedden, SA York, DG TI New insights on the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy from the Sloan Digital sky Survey: A larger radius and no tidal tails SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : individual (Draco); galaxies : structure; Local Group ID TO-LIGHT RATIOS; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; RR-LYRAE STARS; URSA-MINOR; DARK-MATTER; GIANT STARS; HALO; PHOTOMETRY; KINEMATICS; DISTANCES AB We have investigated the spatial extent and structure of the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy by using deep wide-field multicolor CCD photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Our study covers an area of 27 deg(2) around the center of the Draco dwarf and reaches 2 mag below the level of Draco's horizontal branch. The SDSS photometry allows very effective filtering in color-magnitude space. With such filtering the density of the foreground of Galactic field stars is decreased by more than an order of magnitude, and the stellar population of the Draco dwarf galaxy thus stands out with much higher contrast than in former investigations. We show that the spatial distribution of Draco's red giants, red horizontal-branch stars, and subgiants down to i* = 21.7 mag does not provide evidence for the existence of tidally induced tails or a halo of unbound stars. The projected surface density of the dwarf galaxy is flattened with a nearly constant ellipticity of 0.29 +/- 0.02 at position angle 88 degrees +/- 3 degrees. The radial profile can be fitted by King models, as well as by a generalized exponential. Using the empirical King profile, the core radius and the limiting (or tidal) radius along the major axis are r(c) = 7.'7 and r(t) = 40.'1, respectively; the latter means that the size of the Draco dwarf galaxy is 40% larger than previously measured. Fitting the profile of King's theoretical models yields a still larger limiting radius of r(t) = 49.'5. There is no clear indication of a taillike extension of the Draco population beyond this radius. A break in the radial surface density profile, which might indicate a halo of extratidal stars, is also not found in our Draco data. We conclude that down to the above magnitude limit tidal effects can exist only at a level of 10(-3) of the central surface density of Draco or below. The regular structure of Draco found from the new data argues against its being a portion of an unbound tidal stream and lends support to the assumption of dynamical equilibrium, which is the basis for mass estimation. The changes in the values for the core radius and limiting radius imply that the total mass of Draco is higher by more than a factor of 2. Using a King spherical model of equivalent size as a reference and adopting a line-of-sight velocity dispersion of either 10.7 or 8.5 km s(-1), we derive estimates of the total mass within radius of (3.5 +/- 0.7) x 10(7) M. and (2.2 +/- 0.5) x 10(7) M., respectively. From the combined i-band flux of all possible Draco members that lie within major-axis radius rt we determine the total luminosity of the Draco dwarf galaxy as (L/L.)(i) = (2.4 +/- 0.5) x 10(5). This includes corrections for the flux of the foreground stars and the unseen fainter part of the Draco population. We thus obtain overall mass-to-light ratios of M/L-i of 146 +/- 42, or 92 +/- 28 in solar units. In summary, our results strengthen the case for a strongly dark matter-dominated, bound stellar system. C1 Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Odenkirchen, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 57 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 122 IS 5 BP 2538 EP 2553 DI 10.1086/323715 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 491AP UT WOS:000172086100023 ER PT J AU Nordgren, TE Sudol, JJ Mozurkewich, D AF Nordgren, TE Sudol, JJ Mozurkewich, D TI Comparison of stellar angular diameters from the NPOI, the Mark III optical interferometer, and the infrared flux method SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : atmospheres; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : late-type ID EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; STARS; SUPERGIANTS; GIANTS AB The Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI) has been used to measure the angular diameters of 41 late-type giant and supergiant stars previously observed with the Mark III optical interferometer. Sixteen of these stars have published angular diameters based on model atmospheres (infrared flux method, IRFM). Comparison of these angular diameters shows that there are no systematic offsets between any pair of data sets. Furthermore, the reported uncertainties in the angular diameters measured using both interferometers are consistent with the distribution of the differences in the diameters. The distribution of diameter differences between the interferometric and model atmosphere angular diameters are consistent with uncertainties in the IRFM diameters of 1.4%. Although large differences in angular diameter measurements are seen for three stars, the data are insufficient to determine whether these differences are due to problems with the observations or are due to temporal changes in the stellar diameters themselves. C1 Univ Redlands, Dept Phys, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. NPOI, USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Minnesota State Univ, Taffton Sci Ctr, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nordgren, TE (reprint author), Univ Redlands, Dept Phys, POB 3080, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. NR 16 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 122 IS 5 BP 2707 EP 2712 DI 10.1086/323546 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 491AP UT WOS:000172086100038 ER PT J AU Stone, RC AF Stone, RC TI Positions for the outer planets and many of their satellites. V. FASTT observations taken in 2000-2001 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; planets and satellites : general ID EXTRAGALACTIC REFERENCE FRAME; CCD POSITIONS AB As part of an ongoing observing program with the Flagstaff Astrometric Scanning Transit Telescope (FASTT), this paper presents 1084 new equatorial positions taken in 2000-2001 for the outer planets Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto, as well as for 17 satellites of Jupiter-Neptune. All the positions were determined using differential reductions with reference stars taken from either the ACT or Tycho-2 star catalog. An improvement in systematic accuracy was made by introducing a correction for small focal-plane errors, and the overall accuracy of FASTT observations has been improved as a result. When new and old FASTT positions are compared with modern Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) ephemerides, there is, in general, good agreement between FASTT positions and theory, wherein mean differences in each coordinate are smaller than 0."03 for the planets, and the agreement is usually better than 0."07 for the planetary satellites. In particular, the new JPL ephemerides for outer satellites of Jupiter (Himalia, Pasiphae, and Elara) are significantly better than their older versions. Finally, Titania and Oberon, satellites of Uranus, continue to show large offsets (>0."1) with respect to their predicted positions. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Stone, RC (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 15 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 122 IS 5 BP 2723 EP 2733 DI 10.1086/323549 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 491AP UT WOS:000172086100040 ER PT J AU Ivezic, Z Tabachnik, S Rafikov, R Lupton, RH Quinn, T Hammergren, M Eyer, L Chu, J Armstrong, JC Fan, XH Finlator, K Geballe, TR Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Knapp, GR Leggett, SK Munn, JA Pier, JR Rockosi, CM Schneider, DP Strauss, MA Yanny, B Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Hindsley, RB Kent, S Lamb, DQ Margon, B McKay, TA Smith, JA Waddel, P York, DG AF Ivezic, Z Tabachnik, S Rafikov, R Lupton, RH Quinn, T Hammergren, M Eyer, L Chu, J Armstrong, JC Fan, XH Finlator, K Geballe, TR Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Knapp, GR Leggett, SK Munn, JA Pier, JR Rockosi, CM Schneider, DP Strauss, MA Yanny, B Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Hindsley, RB Kent, S Lamb, DQ Margon, B McKay, TA Smith, JA Waddel, P York, DG CA SDSS Collaboration TI Solar system objects observed in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Kuiper belt; minor planets, asteroids; solar system : general ID KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; EARTH-APPROACHING ASTEROIDS; FALL EQUATORIAL STRIPE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTIONS; QUASARS; STARS; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; CLASSIFICATION; POPULATIONS AB We discuss measurements of the properties of similar to 13,000 asteroids detected in 500 deg(2) of sky in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) commissioning data. The moving objects are detected in the magnitude range 14 18). The observed counts imply that there are about 670,000 objects with D>1 km in the asteroid belt, or up to 3 times less than previous estimates. The revised best estimate for the impact rate of the so-called "killer" asteroids (D>1 km) is about 1 every 500,000 yr, uncertain to within a factor of 2. We predict that by its completion SDSS will obtain about 100,000 near simultaneous five-band measurements for a subset drawn from 340,000 asteroids brighter than r* <21.5 at opposition. Only about a third of these asteroids have been previously observed, and usually in just one band. The distribution of main-belt asteroids in the four-dimensional SDSS color space is bimodal, and the two groups can be associated with S- (rocky) and C-(carbonaceous) type asteroids. A strong bimodality is also seen in the heliocentric distribution of asteroids : the inner belt is dominated by S-type asteroids centered at R2.8 AU, while C-type asteroids, centered at R similar to 3.2 AU, dominate the outer belt. The median color of each class becomes bluer by about 0.03 mag AU(-1) as the heliocentric distance increases. The observed number ratio of S and C asteroids in a sample with r* <21.5 is 1.5 : 1, while in a sample limited by absolute magnitude it changes from 4: 1 at 2 AU, to 1: 3 at 3.5 AU. In a size-limited sample with D>1 km, the number ratio of S and C asteroids in the entire main belt is 1: 2.3. The colors of Hungarias, Mars crossers, and near-Earth objects, selected by their velocity vectors, are more similar to the C-type than to S-type asteroids. In about 100 deg(2) of sky along the celestial equator observed twice 2 days apart, we find one plausible Kuiper belt object (KBO) candidate, in agreement with the expected KBO surface density. The colors of the KBO candidate are significantly redder than the asteroid colors, in agreement with colors of known KBOs. We explore the possibility that SDSS data can be used to search for very red, previously uncataloged asteroids observed by 2MASS, by extracting objects without SDSS counterparts. We do not find evidence for a significant population of such objects; their contribution is no more than 10% of the asteroid population. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ramapo High Sch, Spring Valley, NY 10977 USA. Joint Astron Ctr, United Kingdom Infrared Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NASA, USRA, SOFIA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Ivezic, Z (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; Finlator, Kristian/M-4809-2014; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Finlator, Kristian/0000-0002-0496-1656; Armstrong, John/0000-0003-2009-1459; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Leggett, Sandy/0000-0002-3681-2989 NR 77 TC 239 Z9 241 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 122 IS 5 BP 2749 EP 2784 DI 10.1086/323452 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 491AP UT WOS:000172086100043 ER PT J AU Del Zanna, G Bromage, BJI Landi, E Landini, M AF Del Zanna, G Bromage, BJI Landi, E Landini, M TI Solar EUV spectroscopic observations with SOHO/CDS - I. An in-flight calibration study SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; techniques : spectroscopic ID CORONAL DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; ELECTRON-IMPACT-EXCITATION; BE-LIKE IONS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; QUIET-SUN; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; CDS-NIS; INTENSITY CALIBRATION; COLLISION STRENGTHS AB An in-flight calibration study of the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) instrument on board SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) is presented. The relative intensity calibration of CDS is a fundamental requirement for deriving important physical parameters of the solar transition region and corona from the observations. This comprehensive study provides the first complete in-flight relative calibration of all nine CDS channels, first and second order. This has been achieved with the use of a spectroscopic calibration method, mainly based on the comparison between observed line ratios and theoretical predictions provided by the CHIANTI atomic database. The calibration method has been applied to a large number of observations (on-disc, off-limb, quiet sun, active region), to enable the use of a wide range of spectral lines from low to high temperatures of formation. The results are compared to the pre-launch calibration and other post-launch studies. Significant differences with the ground calibration results are found, while there is good agreement with the post-launch studies, based on rocket flights. It is also shown that the relative calibration has not significantly changed over a long period of time, thus confirming the excellent stability of the CDS instrument. C1 Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Del Zanna, G (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Silver St, Cambridge CB3 9EW, England. EM G.Del-Zanna@damtp.cam.ac.uk RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 54 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 379 IS 2 BP 708 EP 734 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20011220 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 493VE UT WOS:000172243500035 ER PT J AU Lee, BC Tucker, DL Vanden Berk, DE Yanny, B Reichart, DE Adelman, J Chen, B Harvanek, M Henden, A Ivezic, Z Kleinman, S Lamb, D Long, D McMillan, R Newman, PR Nitta, A Palunas, P Schneider, DP Snedden, S York, D Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Hennessy, GS Kent, S Lupton, R Newberg, HJ Stoughton, C AF Lee, BC Tucker, DL Vanden Berk, DE Yanny, B Reichart, DE Adelman, J Chen, B Harvanek, M Henden, A Ivezic, Z Kleinman, S Lamb, D Long, D McMillan, R Newman, PR Nitta, A Palunas, P Schneider, DP Snedden, S York, D Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Hennessy, GS Kent, S Lupton, R Newberg, HJ Stoughton, C TI Sloan Digital Sky Survey multicolor observations of GRB 010222 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; OPTICAL-EMISSION; ABSORPTION; AFTERGLOWS; RADIATION; CURVES; SEARCH AB The discovery of an optical counterpart to GRB 010222 (detected by BeppoSAX) was announced 4.4 hr after the burst by Henden. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey's 0.5 m photometric telescope (PT) and 2.5 m survey telescope were used to observe the afterglow of GRB 010222 starting 4.8 hr after the gamma-ray burst. The 0.5 m PT observed the afterglow in five 300 s g*-band exposures over the course of half an hour, measuring a temporal decay rate in this short period of F(v) proportional to t(-1.0 +/-0.5). The 2.5 m camera imaged the counterpart nearly simultaneously in five filters (u*, g*, r*, i*, z*), with r* = 18.74 +/- 0.02 at 12:10 UT. These multicolor observations, corrected for reddening and the afterglow's temporal decay, are well-fitted by the power law F(v) proportional to v(-0.90 +/-0.03) with the exception of the u*-band UV flux which is 20% below this slope. We examine possible interpretations of this spectral shape, including source extinction in a star-forming region. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Expt Astrophys Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CALTECH, Palomar Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. European Space Agcy, XMM Sci Operat Ctr, Madrid 28080, Spain. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Yerkes Observ, Williams Bay, WI 53191 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Lee, BC (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Expt Astrophys Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM bclee@fnal.gov; dtucker@fnal.gov; danvb@fnal.gov; yanny@fnal.gov; der@astro.caltech.edu; jen_a@fnal.gov; bchen@xmm.vilspa.esa.es; harvanek@aapo.nmsu.edu; aah@nofs.navy.mil; ivezic@astro.princeton.edu; sjk@apo.nmsu.edu; lamb@pion.uchicago.edu; long@apo.nmsu.edu; mcmillan@apo.nmsu.edu; prn@apo.nmsu.edu; ank@apo.nmsu.edu; palunas@etendue.gsfc.nasa.gov; dps@astro.psu.edu; snedden@apo.nmsu.edu; jwb@hale.yerkes.uchicago.edu; brinkmann@nmsu.edu; csabai@pha.jhu.edu; gsh@cygnus.usno.navy.mil; skent@fnal.gov; rhl@astro.princeton.edu; heidi@rpi.edu; stoughto@fnal.gov RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 561 IS 1 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1086/322981 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 487PC UT WOS:000171883600018 ER PT J AU Subramanian, P Dere, KP AF Subramanian, P Dere, KP TI Source regions of coronal mass ejections SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : prominences ID SOHO/EIT OBSERVATIONS; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; SOLAR-ACTIVITY; MAGNETIC-FLUX; EIT; INITIATION; ORIGIN; CMES AB Observations of the solar corona with the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph Experiment (LASCO) and EUV Imaging Telescope (EIT) instruments on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) provide an unprecedented opportunity to study coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from their initiation through their evolution out to 30 R-.. The objective of this study is to gain an understanding of the source regions from which the CMEs emanate. To this end, we have developed a list of 32 CMEs whose source regions are located on the solar disk and are well observed in EIT 195 Angstrom data during the period from solar minimum in 1996 January through the rising part of the cycle in 1998 May. We compare the EIT source regions with photospheric magnetograms from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) instrument on SOHO and the National Solar Observatory at Kitt Peak and also with H alpha data from various sources. The overall results of our study show that 41% of the CME-related transients observed are associated with active regions and have no prominence eruptions, 44% are associated with eruptions of prominences embedded in active regions, and 15% are associated with eruptions of prominences outside active regions. Those CMEs that do not involve prominence eruptions originate in active regions both with and without prominences. We describe six especially well observed events. These case studies suggest that active region CMEs (without eruptive prominences) are associated with active regions with lifetimes between 11 and 80 days. They are also often associated with small-scale emerging or canceling flux over timescales of 6-7 hr. CMEs associated with active region prominence eruptions, on the other hand, are typically associated with old active regions with lifetimes similar to6-7 months. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Interuniv Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Post Bag 4, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. EM psubrama@iucaa.ernet.in; dere@halcyon.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 561 IS 1 BP 372 EP 395 DI 10.1086/323213 PN 1 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 487PC UT WOS:000171883600035 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Kundu, MR White, SM Dere, KP Newmark, JS AF Zhang, J Kundu, MR White, SM Dere, KP Newmark, JS TI Reconciling extreme-ultraviolet and radio observations of the Sun's corona SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : abundances; Sun : atmosphere; Sun : corona; Sun : radio radiation; Sun : UV radiation ID STRUCTURES OBSERVING CAMPAIGN; SOLAR ACTIVE-REGION; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; IMAGING TELESCOPE; PLASMA PROPERTIES; RAY OBSERVATIONS; EMISSION; SPECTRA; IRON AB The Sun's corona, which is composed of plasma at a temperature of a few millions of degrees, can be best viewed in two electromagnetic domains, one from wavelengths of a few angstroms to hundreds of angstroms (in the soft X-ray and EUV domain), the other from wavelengths of a few centimeters to several tens of centimeters (in the radio domain). In this paper, we present a quantitative comparison of coronal observations made in these two domains with high spatial resolution over the full disk of the Sun. The EUV observations were taken with the EIT (Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope) on board SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory), and the radio observations were taken with the VLA (Very Large Array). The two sets of images show very similar morphologies, indicating that the different wavelengths originate from common solar features. We predict radio fluxes using the temperature and emission measure of the corona calculated from EIT observations, adopting Meyer's table of coronal abundances for the calculations. In each of the seven observations investigated, there always exists a good linear correlation in the pixel-by-pixel correlation plot between the predicted and the observed radio flux for coronal features over a wide range of flux variation. Nevertheless, the predicted radio flux is systematically larger than that observed by a factor of 2.0 +/- 0.2, on average. We attribute the difference to the underestimation of the abundance of Fe relative to H in the abundances adopted by Meyer. On this basis, we place the absolute Fe abundance in the corona at 7.8 x 10(-5), which has an enrichment factor of 2.4 relative to the accepted photospheric Fe abundance. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observ & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observ & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 561 IS 1 BP 396 EP 405 DI 10.1086/323212 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 487PC UT WOS:000171883600036 ER PT J AU Lane, WM Briggs, FH AF Lane, WM Briggs, FH TI Two new low-redshift 21 centimeter absorbers SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : ISM; quasars : absorption lines; quasars : individual (B0248+430, B1243-072) ID LY-ALPHA ABSORBER; H-I; GALAXY; RADIO; ABSORPTION; QUASARS; SYSTEMS; MODELS AB As part of a larger program to identify low-redshift radio analogs of the damped Ly alpha absorbers seen in the spectra of high-redshift quasars, Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope observations have discovered two new H I 21 cm absorption lines at z = 0.394 and z = 0.437 in the spectra of the radio sources B0248+430 and B1243-072, respectively. These sight lines and redshifts were selected for study on the basis of the previously known low-ionization absorption lines of Mg II, and neither has been observed in the Ly alpha line. The 21 cm line observations provide information on the column densities, temperatures, and kinematics of the thickest cold neutral clouds in the absorbers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. RP Lane, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 561 IS 1 BP L27 EP L30 DI 10.1086/324442 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 487PD UT WOS:000171883700007 ER PT J AU Swan, BD AF Swan, BD TI Certification in aerospace physiology SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Operat Med Inst, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. RP Swan, BD (reprint author), USN, Operat Med Inst, Code N3,220 Hovey Rd, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 72 IS 11 BP 1059 EP 1059 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 488WT UT WOS:000171960400017 PM 11718515 ER PT J AU McFarland, JT Kuzma, C Millard, FE Johnstone, PAS AF McFarland, JT Kuzma, C Millard, FE Johnstone, PAS TI Palliative irradiation of the spleen SO CANCER JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS PI SUDBURY PA 40 TALL PINE DR, SUDBURY, MA 01776 USA SN 1528-9117 J9 CANCER J JI Cancer J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 7 IS 6 MA 10 BP 524 EP 524 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 502ZU UT WOS:000172773300023 ER PT J AU Mondry, TE Johnstone, PAS AF Mondry, TE Johnstone, PAS TI Manual Lymphatic Drainage for lymphedema limited to the breast SO CANCER JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS PI SUDBURY PA 40 TALL PINE DR, SUDBURY, MA 01776 USA SN 1528-9117 J9 CANCER J JI Cancer J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 7 IS 6 MA P03 BP 537 EP 538 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 502ZU UT WOS:000172773300058 ER PT J AU Adriano, EM Harrison, TA Riffenburgh, RH Johnstone, PAS AF Adriano, EM Harrison, TA Riffenburgh, RH Johnstone, PAS TI Survival of patients with untreated cervical cancer SO CANCER JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS PI SUDBURY PA 40 TALL PINE DR, SUDBURY, MA 01776 USA SN 1528-9117 J9 CANCER J JI Cancer J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 7 IS 6 MA P15 BP 542 EP 542 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 502ZU UT WOS:000172773300070 ER PT J AU Hall, FX Goetsch, SJ Hodgens, DW Ott, K Johnstone, PAS AF Hall, FX Goetsch, SJ Hodgens, DW Ott, K Johnstone, PAS TI Comparison of adult versus pediatric arteriovenous malformations treated at a community Gamma Knife center SO CANCER JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS PI SUDBURY PA 40 TALL PINE DR, SUDBURY, MA 01776 USA SN 1528-9117 J9 CANCER J JI Cancer J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 7 IS 6 MA P17 BP 542 EP 543 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 502ZU UT WOS:000172773300072 ER PT J AU Benabdesselam, M Iacconi, P Butler, JE Briand, D AF Benabdesselam, M Iacconi, P Butler, JE Briand, D TI Thermoluminescence properties of nitrogen containing chemical vapour deposited diamond films SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE thermoluminescence; photoluminescence; CVD diamond; nitrogen; impurity incorporation ID SYNTHETIC DIAMOND; CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; DEFECTS; BORON AB The behaviour of centres due to nitrogen impurities introduced during the growth process into the chemical vapour deposited (CVD) diamond lattice is reported for the first time by thermoluminescence (TL) studies between 300 and 670 K after 200-400 nm ultraviolet (deuterium lamp) illumination at 300 K (RT) in air. TL curves exhibit some glow peaks at 490, 520 and 620 K characterized by activation energies of approximately 1.2, 1.4 and 1.9 eV, respectively. Spectral analysis of these peaks which reveals some differences due to nitrogen content in the films shows well defined emission bands and interesting features leading to a better knowledge of the broad red photoluminescence (PL) band observed in our films. Nitrogen addition during the growth of the CVD material leads to the quenching of both of the 1.68 eV line related to Si centre and the broad green band centred at 2.25 eV which were observed for the high quality film. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, LPES, CRESA, EA 1174, F-06108 Nice 2, France. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Benabdesselam, M (reprint author), Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, LPES, CRESA, EA 1174, Parc Valrose, F-06108 Nice 2, France. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2084 EP 2091 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(01)00483-6 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 485DN UT WOS:000171738400022 ER PT J AU McCarthy, DM Kroll, LS Smith, GT AF McCarthy, DM Kroll, LS Smith, GT TI Integrating disinhibition and learning risk for alcohol use SO EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPECTANCY CHALLENGE; DRINKING REDUCTION; EARLY ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; REFLECTIVITY; FACILITATION; NEUROTICISM; VALIDATION; PATTERNS AB In this study the authors tested the acquired preparedness model of problem drinking, which holds that trait disinhibition, defined as neurotic extraversion by C. M. Patterson and J. P. Newman (1993), leads to the biased formation of positive over negative alcohol expectancies. Positive expectancies thus mediate disinhibition's influence on drinking. The authors also hypothesized that disinhibition moderates the expectancy-drinking relationship such that disinhibited individuals are more likely to act on their positive expectancies. In Study 1, positive expectancies both mediated and moderated the disinhibition-drinking, relationship. In Study 2, learning task results indicated that disinhibited individuals sought reward, even when passive avoidance of punishment was indicated. Study 2 also replicated Study 1 hypotheses for men but generally not for women. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Consolidated Brig, Clin Serv Dept, Charleston, SC USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Psychol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP McCarthy, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol, McGill Hall 0109,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [1F31AA05491-01A1] NR 46 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1064-1297 J9 EXP CLIN PSYCHOPHARM JI Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 9 IS 4 BP 389 EP 398 DI 10.1037/1064-1297.9.4.389 PG 10 WC Psychology, Biological; Psychology, Clinical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 495TA UT WOS:000172355400005 PM 11764015 ER PT J AU Sorathia, U Long, G Gracik, T Blum, M Ness, J AF Sorathia, U Long, G Gracik, T Blum, M Ness, J TI Screening tests for fire safety of composites for marine applications SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB Demands for reduced maintenance, reduced manning and reduced cost are resulting in the need for new and alternative materials for introduction in the fleet. The new materials in man., cases tend to be non-metallic and organic (combustible) materials. In order to maintain a minimum level of fire safety, the US Navy has set performance requirements for new materials in many applications. These include the use of composite materials in ships and submarines. Performance requirements for composites, in most cases, are based on full-scale fire tests. The use of composites for structural applications in submarines is covered by MIL-STD-2031. The use of composites aboard US Navy ships for topside applications is now covered by Fire Safety testing criteria. The recommended fire performance criteria contain requirements for fire growth, smoke toxicity, visibility (ISO 9705), fire resistance and structural integrity under fire (UL 1709). When developing new composite systems, it is expensive to repeatedly conduct these typical full-scale fire tests to determine the performance of the most recent design. Instead, more cost-effective small-scale testing is preferable to evaluate performance. To facilitate the introduction of new and modified fire tolerant materials/systems/designs, and to reduce the financial burden on small business, the US Navy has developed a low Cost Composite system fire screening protocol which offers the potential of predicting the full-scale fire performance. Fire growth potential of new composite systems and designs can be screened by using small-scale test data from cone calorimeter (ASTM E-1354) and Lateral Ignition Flame spread Test (ASTM E-1321) in conjunction with the Composite Fire Hazard Analysis Tool (CFHAT). The small-scale burn-through test (2 x 2 ft) was shown capable of screening fire resistance performance determined in furnace testing with a UL-1709 fire curve. These screening techniques provide cost-effective approaches for evaluating fire performance of new technologies, which in turn aids in the product development process. Full-scale fire testing is still required before inclusion of products onboard US Navy submarines and surface ships. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 NAVSEA, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Sorathia, U (reprint author), NAVSEA, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd W, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0308-0501 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 25 IS 6 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1002/fam.771 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 548LR UT WOS:000175389900001 ER PT J AU Lean, JL AF Lean, JL TI Solar irradiance and climate forcing in the near future SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CYCLE AB Annual levels of the Sun's irradiance are estimated until 2018 using parameterizations of the 10.7 cm radio flux. Peak irradiance during solar cycle 24 occurs in 2010, with levels comparable to or slightly lower than prior maxima in 2000, 1989 and 1981. Minima occur in 2006 and 2016. Future irradiance trends underlying the 11-year cycle, which are assumed not to exceed those in historical reconstructions during the past 350 years, are estimated to be less than +/-0.4 Wm(-2) per decade for total irradiance, +/-0.01 Wm(-2) per decade for UV radiation at 295-310 nm and +/-0.04 Wm(-2) per decade for UV radiation at 200-295 nm. When activity cycles and longer-term trend scenarios are combined, total solar irradiance forcing of climate between cycle minima in 1996 and 2016 is in the range +/-0.1 Wm(-2). For comparison, the forecast net anthropogenic climate forcing over this 22-year period is in the range 0.5 to 0.9 Wm(-2). C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lean, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7673L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 21 BP 4119 EP 4122 DI 10.1029/2001GL013969 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 485TM UT WOS:000171780000028 ER PT J AU Jung, TP Makeig, S Westerfield, M Townsend, J Courchesne, E Sejnowski, TJ AF Jung, TP Makeig, S Westerfield, M Townsend, J Courchesne, E Sejnowski, TJ TI Analysis and visualization of single-trial event-related potentials SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE blind source separation; ICA; ERP; single-trial ERP; artifact removal; P300; alpha ID FUNCTIONALLY INDEPENDENT COMPONENTS; VISUAL-SPATIAL ATTENTION; BLIND SEPARATION; EEG; ARTIFACTS; P300; PHASE; CLASSIFICATION; INFORMATION; ALGORITHM AB In this study, a linear decomposition technique, independent component analysis (ICA), is applied to single-trial multichannel EEG data from event-related potential (ERP) experiments. Spatial filters derived by ICA blindly separate the input data into a sum of temporally independent and spatially fixed components arising from distinct or overlapping brain or extra-brain sources. Both the data and their decomposition are displayed using a new visualization tool, the "ERP image," that can clearly characterize single-trial variations in the amplitudes and latencies of evoked responses, particularly when sorted by a relevant behavioral or physiological variable. These tools were used to analyze data from a visual selective attention experiment on 28 control subjects plus 22 neurological patients whose EEG records were heavily contaminated with blink and other eye-movement artifacts. Results show that ICA can separate artifactual, stimulus-locked, response-locked, and non-event-related background EEG activities into separate components, a taxonomy not obtained from conventional signal averaging approaches. This method allows: (1) removal of pervasive artifacts of all types from single-trial EEG records, (2) identification and segregation of stimulus- and response-locked EEG components, (3) examination of differences in single-trial responses, and (4) separation of temporally distinct but spatially overlapping EEG oscillatory activities with distinct relationships to task events. The proposed methods also allow the interaction between ERPs and the ongoing EEG to be investigated directly. We studied the between-subject component stability of ICA decomposition of single-trial EEG epochs by clustering components with similar scalp maps and activation power spectra. Components accounting for blinks, eye movements, temporal muscle activity, event-related potentials, and event-modulated alpha activities were largely replicated across subjects. Applying ICA and ERP image visualization to the analysis of sets of single trials from event-related EEG (or MEG) experiments can increase the information available from ERP (or ERF) data. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, Dept 0523, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Salk Inst, Howard Hughes Med Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Salk Inst, Computat Neurobiol Lab, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Childrens Hosp, Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Jung, TP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, Dept 0523, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU NIH HHS [1-R01-NH-36840]; NIMH NIH HHS [1-RO1-MH/RR-61619-01]; NINDS NIH HHS [1RO1-NS34155-01] NR 57 TC 357 Z9 373 U1 1 U2 40 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1065-9471 J9 HUM BRAIN MAPP JI Hum. Brain Mapp. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 14 IS 3 BP 166 EP 185 DI 10.1002/hbm.1050 PG 20 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 485TN UT WOS:000171780100004 PM 11559961 ER PT J AU Gasiewski, A St Germain, K AF Gasiewski, A St Germain, K TI Special issue on the 2000 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss'00): Taking the pulse of the planet - Foreword SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gasiewski, A (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2323 EP 2324 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2001.964966 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 494LV UT WOS:000172284900001 ER PT J AU Ferro-Famil, L Pottier, E Lee, JS AF Ferro-Famil, L Pottier, E Lee, JS TI Unsupervised classification of multifrequency and fully polarimetric SAR images based on the H/A/alpha-Wishart classifier SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 00) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE multivariate statistics; radar polarimetry; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); terrain classification ID RADAR POLARIMETRY; DECOMPOSITION AB In this paper, we introduce a new classification scheme for dual frequency polarimetric SAR data sets. A (6 x 6) polarimetric coherency matrix is defined to simultaneously take into account the full polarimetric information from both images. This matrix is composed of the two coherency matrices and their ross-correlation. A decomposition theorem is applied to both images to obtain 64 initial clusters based on their scattering characteristics. The data sets are then classified by an iterative algorithm based on a complex Wishart density function of the 6 x 6 matrix. A class number reduction technique is then applied on the 64 resulting clusters to improve the efficiency of the interpretation and representation of each class. An alternative technique is also proposed which introduces the polarimetric cross-correlation information to refine the results of classification to a small number of clusters using the conditional probability of the cross-correlation matrix. These classification schemes are applied to full polarimetric P, L, and C-band SAR images of the Nezer Forest, France, acquired by the NASA/JPL AIRSAR Sensor in 1989. C1 Univ Rennes 1, Lab Antennes Radar & Telecommun, F-35042 Rennes, France. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Image Sci Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ferro-Famil, L (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, Lab Antennes Radar & Telecommun, F-35042 Rennes, France. NR 24 TC 162 Z9 185 U1 2 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2332 EP 2342 DI 10.1109/36.964969 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 494LV UT WOS:000172284900002 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Grunes, MR Pottier, E AF Lee, JS Grunes, MR Pottier, E TI Quantitative comparison of classification capability: Fully polarimetric versus dual and single-polarization SAR SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 00) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE radar polarimetry; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); terrain classification ID DECOMPOSITION; IMAGERY AB This paper addresses the land-use classification capabilities of fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) versus dual-polarization and single-polarization SAR for P-, L-, and C-Band frequencies. A variety of polarization combinations will be investigated for application to crop and tree age classification. Based on the complex Wishart distribution for the covariance matrix, maximum likelihood (ML) classifiers for all polarization combinations were used to assess quantitative classification accuracy. Thus, this allows optimally selecting the frequency and the combination of polarizations for various applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 149 Z9 162 U1 2 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2343 EP 2351 DI 10.1109/36.964970 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 494LV UT WOS:000172284900003 ER PT J AU Trizna, DB Bachmann, C Sletten, M Allan, N Toporkov, J Harris, R AF Trizna, DB Bachmann, C Sletten, M Allan, N Toporkov, J Harris, R TI Projection pursuit classification of multiband polarimetric SAR land images SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 00) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc AB Results are presented for an experiment utilizing a pastoral land scene with a variety of eight classes, imaged by the NRL dual band (X and L) polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (NUWSAR) at a spatial resolution of 1.2 in. Projection pursuit statistical analysis tools were applied to a set of simultaneous L and X-band fully polarized images (six independent channels) to demonstrate the utility of land classification at high spatial resolution from a light aircraft using SAR. The statistical confusion matrix was used as a quantitative optimization measure of classification. Samples of eight classes from a portion of the scene were used to define a training set, then projection pursuit (PP) tools were used for classification. It is clear that L-band and X-band fully polarized data view the classes in a significantly different manner, and each brings independent information to the analysis. These results are not meant to be exhaustive at this time but to demonstrate the utility of applying PP tools to multiband and polarization SAR data and to give an indication of the quality of classification one can achieve with moderately high spatial resolution SAR data using a light plane platform. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sachs Freeman Inc, Largo, MD 20715 USA. Metratek Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. RP Trizna, DB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2380 EP 2386 DI 10.1109/36.964974 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 494LV UT WOS:000172284900007 ER PT J AU Johnson, JT Toporkov, JV Brown, GS AF Johnson, JT Toporkov, JV Brown, GS TI A numerical study of backscattering from time-evolving sea surfaces: Comparison of hydrodynamic models SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 00) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE Doppler spectrum; rough surface scattering; sea scattering ID ROUGH SURFACES; OCEAN SURFACE; SCATTERING; WAVES AB Results from a Monte Carlo simulation of backscattering from one-dimensional (1-D) time-evolving sea surface models are reported. A numerical electromagnetic method based on an accelerated forward-backward approach is used to calculate backscattered returns from impedance surface profiles at incidence angles of 0 degrees (normal), 40 degrees, and 80 degrees. Surfaces are initialized as realizations of a Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum and then stepped in time through a numerical hydrodynamic method. Results from three distinct hydrodynamic methods are compared: a linear evolution, the "improved linear representation" of Creamer et al. [7], and the "Watson-West" approach of West et al. in [8]. Instabilities in the West model due to formation of steep wave features limit the study to L-band backscattering for wind speeds less than 2 m/s, so that the surfaces considered are only slightly rough on an electromagnetic scale. The small slope approximation for electromagnetic scattering is shown to provide reasonable predictions in this limit. Statistics of the resulting surface profiles and backscattered fields are compared for the three models and are found to be similar in most respects. Backscattered field Doppler spectra, however, show differences, with the West model apparently capturing more nonlinear interactions in the surface evolution. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Johnson, JT (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 28 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2411 EP 2420 DI 10.1109/36.964977 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 494LV UT WOS:000172284900010 ER PT J AU Cooper, AL Chubb, SR Sletten, MA Trump, CL AF Cooper, AL Chubb, SR Sletten, MA Trump, CL TI Estimating ocean frontal surface velocity distributions from radar imagery signatures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 00) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE convergence; inversion; ocean fronts; velocity field; wave breaking AB An inversion algorithm for inferring the surface velocity field of buoyant plume frontal features from observed radar imagery has been developed [7]-[9]. The inversion technique is based upon an assumption, suggested by Alpers and Hennings' (AH) relaxation model [1], that near strongly convergent fronts, the radar cross-section (RCS) should be proportional to the component of the local current gradient that is directed along the radar-look direction. However, at X-band, the technique only works when wave-breaking (WB) effects, which are not included in AH model, are incorporated using a recently developed model [2], [3]. This WB model successfully reproduces the magnitude of the signature in images of the plume front at higher frequencies (X-band), where it is known [3]-[5] that the AH model is deficient. WB effects play a dominant role in the backscatter associated with frontal regions with strong surface convergence fields. These results suggest that the enhancements of radar backscatter in the vicinity of strongly-convergent fronts are proportional to the local current-convergence but that the underlying scattering process involves WB in a manner that cannot be understood from the AH model. Results are presented for the estimated velocity field derived from radar imagery of the Chesapeake Bay plume front [6]. Preliminary considerations [7] of the convergence and uniqueness of the inversion technique are extended by means of a controlled numerical experiment involving the inversion of a prescribed input velocity field. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chubb@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2454 EP 2464 DI 10.1109/36.964982 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 494LV UT WOS:000172284900015 ER PT J AU Trizna, DB AF Trizna, DB TI Errors in bathymetric retrievals using linear dispersion in 3-d FFT analysis of marine radar ocean wave imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 00) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE coastal bathymetry; microwave radar; shoaling waves ID LOW GRAZING ANGLES AB The phenomenon of ocean wave-shoaling, and the associated reduction of ocean wave phase speed with decreased water depth, provides useful information for inferring water depth D (bathymetry) in coastal environments. One strategy for relating D to phase speed C and wave-vector K of long wave length ocean waves involves using the one-dimensional (I-D) linear (gravity wave) dispersion relationship C-2 = g*tanh(KD)/K. In principle, this approach has limitations because the approach is based on a WKB approximation, so it cannot be applied when D varies appreciably over the wavelength of a shoaling wave. Also, the approach is restricted to waves that have small wave height. In the present paper, we use a set of marine radar image sequences and apply this linear approximation, using a three-dimensional (3-D) FFT analysis of 88 sets of image sequences spaced half an hour apart. We invert the dispersion relation to solve for D. Depths between 3.6 and 5.8 m were tested, for root mean square (RMS) wave heights offshore between 8 and 3 m. We show that for low to moderate wave heights, the approach does generally retrieve the correct depth in water depths of 5 in and greater for moderate wave RMS heights. However, an increase in the RMS wave height from 1 m to 3.5 in produced a much poorer depth estimate, proving the need for an application of a nonlinear wave model to the problem. The errors also increase with shallower depths as expected, as the error dependence on depth and wave height is determined. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trizna, DB (reprint author), Imaging Sci Res Inc, Burke, VA 22009 USA. NR 12 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2465 EP 2469 DI 10.1109/36.964983 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 494LV UT WOS:000172284900016 ER PT J AU Brown, G Keegan, J Vigus, B Wood, K AF Brown, G Keegan, J Vigus, B Wood, K TI The Kellogg Company optimizes production, inventory, and distribution SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE industries; agriculture, food programming; linear, applications AB For over a decade, the Kellogg Company has used its planning system (KPS), a large-scale, multiperiod linear program, to guide production and distribution decisions for its cereal and convenience foods business. An operational version of KPS, at a weekly level of detail, helps determine where products are produced and how finished products and in-process products are shipped between plants and distribution centers. A tactical version of KPS, at a monthly level of detail, helps to establish plant budgets and make capacity-expansion and consolidation decisions. Operational KPS reduced production, inventory, and distribution costs by an estimated $4.5 million in 1995. Tactical KPS recently guided a consolidation of production capacity with a projected savings of $35 to $40 million per year. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Kellogg Co, Battle Creek, MI 49017 USA. Kellogg Co, Battle Creek, MI 49016 USA. RP Brown, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Wood, Kevin/0000-0002-0311-8712 NR 13 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 10 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 531KM UT WOS:000174414600001 ER PT J AU Gomez, JT Shukla, A AF Gomez, JT Shukla, A TI Multiple impact penetration of semi-infinite concrete SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE multiple impact penetration; concrete penetration; target strength degradation ID TARGETS; PROJECTILES AB An experimental study was performed to gather multiple impact, projectile penetration data into concrete. A vertical firing range was developed that consisted of a 30-06 rifle barrel mounted vertically above a steel containment chamber. 0.41 m cubes of an Air Force G mix concrete were suspended in wet sand and positioned in the steel chamber. The concrete targets were subjected to repeated constant velocity impacts from 6.4 mm diameter steel projectiles with an ogive nose shape and a length to diameter ratio of 10. A laser sight was adapted to the rifle to ensure alignment, and a break screen system measured the projectile velocity. After each impact, the projectile penetration and crater formation parameters were recorded. The penetration and crater formation data were consistent with single impact penetration data from previous studies conducted at Sandia National Laboratories. In addition, an analytic/empirical study was conducted to develop a model that predicted the penetration depth of multiple impacts into concrete targets. Using the multiple impact penetration and crater formation data, a single impact penetration model, developed by Forrestal at Sandia National Laboratories, was extended to account for the degradation of the target strength with each subsequent impact. The degradation of the target was determined empirically and included in the model as a strength-modifying factor. The model requires geometry parameters of the ogive nose projectile, projectile velocity, the number of impacts, and target compressive strength to calculate the overall penetration depth of the projectile. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Engn Mech, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 8232,Bldg 1302, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM gomezjt@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; shuklaa@egr.uri.edu NR 11 TC 29 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X EI 1879-3509 J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 25 IS 10 BP 965 EP 979 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(01)00029-X PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 473ZB UT WOS:000171078700003 ER PT J AU Qidwai, MA Entchev, PB Lagoudas, DC DeGiorgi, VG AF Qidwai, MA Entchev, PB Lagoudas, DC DeGiorgi, VG TI Modeling of the thermomechanical behavior of porous shape memory alloys SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE porous shape memory alloy; smart material; micromechanics averaging method; periodic unit cell; constitutive behavior; pseudoelasticity ID CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; NITI ALLOY; TRANSFORMATION; SOLIDS; COMPOSITES AB Two methods are used in this work to estimate the porous shape memory alloy (SMA) thermomechanical behavior. The porous SMA is assumed to be made of two components, the dense SMA matrix and the pores. An existing rate-independent type constitutive model is employed to describe the matrix behavior. Two contrasting strategies are used to estimate the overall thermomechanical behavior: (1) the unit cell finite element method (UCFEM) to account for periodic distribution of pores in the SMA matrix, and (2) an averaging micromechanics method based on the incremental formulation of the Mori-Tanaka method to account for random distribution of pores in the matrix. Cylindrical and spherical shapes are considered as approximations of open and closed pores, respectively, in both methods. Results are presented for both types of pores and comparisons are made between the two methods under various loading conditions. Both methods compare well in predicting the isothermal elastic material properties and pseudoelastic response under axial and out-of-plane shear loading. However, the transformation results differ under transverse and in-plane shear loading. This difference is found to be due to the use of an average value of stress for the SMA matrix in the micromechanics averaging method, which diminishes the effect of local stress concentration thereby delaying the onset of phase transformation caused by an applied load. On the other hand, the actual values of stress at all material points in the SMA matrix are used in the UCFEM causing phase transformation in regions near the pores at smaller applied load values than what is calculated by the micromechanics averaging method. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ctr Mech Composites, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USN, Res Lab, Geocenters Inc, Washington Operat,Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lagoudas, DC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ctr Mech Composites, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. OI Lagoudas, Dimitris/0000-0002-0194-5933; Qidwai, Siddiq/0000-0002-2389-118X NR 46 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 38 IS 48-49 BP 8653 EP 8671 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(01)00118-4 PG 19 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 497BB UT WOS:000172431900004 ER PT J AU Dumler, JS Barbet, AF Bekker, CPJ Dasch, GA Palmer, GH Ray, SC Rikihisa, Y Rurangirwa, FR AF Dumler, JS Barbet, AF Bekker, CPJ Dasch, GA Palmer, GH Ray, SC Rikihisa, Y Rurangirwa, FR TI Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, descriptions of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and 'HGE agent' as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Anaplasmataceae; Ehrlichia; Anaplasma; Neorickettsia; Cowdria ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; POTOMAC HORSE FEVER; WHITE-TAILED DEER; WESTERN IMMUNOBLOT ANALYSIS; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; IMMUNODOMINANT 32-KILODALTON PROTEIN; MAJOR ANTIGENIC PROTEINS; RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; TICK CELL-CULTURE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA AB The genera Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Cowdria, Neorickettsia and Wolbachia encompass a group of obligate intracellular bacteria that reside in vacuoles of eukaryotic cells and were previously placed in taxa based upon morphological, ecological, epidemiological and clinical characteristics. Recent genetic analyses of 16S rRNA genes, groESL and surface protein genes have indicated that the existing taxa designations are flawed. All 16S rRNA gene and groESL sequences deposited in GenBank prior to 2000 and selected sequences deposited thereafter were aligned and phylogenetic trees and bootstrap values were calculated using the neighbour-joining method and compared with trees generated with maximum-probability, maximum-likelihood, majority-rule consensus and parsimony methods. Supported by bootstrap probabilities of at least 54%,16S rRNA gene comparisons consistently clustered to yield four distinct clades characterized roughly as Anaplasma (including the Ehrlichia phagocytophila group, Ehrlichia platys and Ehrlichia bovis) with a minimum of 96.1% similarity, Ehrlichia (including Cowdria ruminantium) with a minimum of 97.7% similarity, Wolbachia with a minimum of 95.6% similarity and Neorickettsia (including Ehrlichia sennetsu and Ehrlichia risticii) with a minimum of 94.9% similarity. Maximum similarity between clades ranged from 87.1 to 94.9%. Insufficient differences existed among E. phagocytophila, Ehrlichia egui and the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent to support separate species designations, and this group was at least 98.2% similar to any Anaplasma species. These 16S rRNA gene analyses are strongly supported by similar groESL clades, as well as biological and antigenic characteristics. It is proposed that all members of the tribes Ehrlichieae and Wolbachieae be transferred to the family Anaplasmataceae and that the tribe structure of the family Rickettsiaceae be eliminated. The genus Anaplasma should be emended to include Anaplasma (Ehrlichia) phagocytophila comb. nov. (which also encompasses the former E. egui and the HGE agent), Anaplasma (Ehrlichia) bovis comb. nov. and Anaplasma (Ehrlichia) platys comb. nov., the genus Ehrlichia should be emended to include Ehrlichia (Cowdria) ruminantium comb. nov. and the genus Neorickettsia should be emended to include Neorickettsia (Ehrlichia) risticii comb. nov. and Neorickettsia (Ehrlichia) sennetsu comb. nov. C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Div Med Microbiol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Utrecht, Fac Vet Med, Div Parasitol & Trop Vet Med, Utrecht, Netherlands. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Dumler, JS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Div Med Microbiol, Meyer B1-193,600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. RI Ray, Stuart/B-7527-2008 OI Ray, Stuart/0000-0002-1051-7260 NR 197 TC 974 Z9 1029 U1 3 U2 43 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 51 BP 2145 EP 2165 PN 6 PG 21 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 496BG UT WOS:000172374400026 PM 11760958 ER PT J AU Burner, AW Liu, TS Garg, S Ghee, TA Taylor, NJ AF Burner, AW Liu, TS Garg, S Ghee, TA Taylor, NJ TI Aeroelastic deformation measurements of flap, gap, and overhang on a semispan model SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB Single-camera, single-view videogrammetry has been used for the first time to determine static aeroelastic deformation of a slotted flap configuration on a semispan model at the National Transonic Facility (NTF). Deformation was determined by comparing wind-off to wind-on spatial data from targets placed on the main element, shroud, and flap of the model. Digitized video images from a camera were recorded and processed to determine automatically target image plane locations that were then corrected for sensor, lens, and frame grabber spatial errors. The videogrammetric technique used for the measurements presented here has been established at NASA facilities as the technique of choice when high-volume static aeroelastic data with minimum impact on data taking are required. However, the primary measurement at the NTF with this technique in the past has been the measurement of the static aeroelastic wing twist of the main wing element on full span models rather than for the measurement of component deformation. Considerations for using the videogrammetric technique for semispan component deformation measurements as well as representative results are presented. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Instrumentat Syst Dev Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Model Syst Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. High Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Dev Evaluat & Res Agcy, Aerostruct Dept, Farnborough GU14 0LX, Hants, England. RP Ghee, TA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Instrumentat Syst Dev Branch, MS 236, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1147 EP 1154 DI 10.2514/2.2885 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 502KR UT WOS:000172743200022 ER PT J AU Rowles, DJ McGrory, JE AF Rowles, DJ McGrory, JE TI Percutaneous pinning of the proximal part of the humerus - An anatomic study SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID SURGICAL NECK; FRACTURES; FIXATION AB Background: Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of unstable proximal humeral fractures is a well-described technique with some theoretical advantages over open techniques. To our knowledge, the risk of injury to neurovascular structures from percutaneous pinning of the proximal part of the humerus has not been studied. We sought to quantify this risk using a cadaveric model. Methods: In ten fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders, the intact proximal part of the humerus was pinned under fluoroscopic guidance with use of an identical published technique. A total of five 2.5-mm terminally threaded AO pins, including two lateral, one anterior, and two greater tuberosity pins, were used in each shoulder. The specimens were then dissected to determine the distance of each pin from adjacent neurovascular structures as well as key anatomic relationships. Results: The proximal lateral pins were located at a mean distance of 3 mm from the anterior branch of the axillary nerve. Four of the twenty lateral pins were noted to penetrate the articular cartilage of the humeral head. The anterior pins were located at a mean distance of 2 mm from the tendon of the long head of the biceps (perforating the tendon in three specimens) and of 11 mm from the cephalic vein (perforating the vein in one specimen). The proximal tuberosity pins were located at a mean distance of 6 and 7 mm from the axillary nerve and the posterior humeral circumflex artery (tenting the structures in two specimens with internal rotation), respectively. These pins moved away from the nerve with external rotation of the humerus. Conclusions: The technique used in this study may be associated with a risk of injury to important anatomic structures about the shoulder. Lateral pins should be distal enough to avoid injury to the anterior branch of the axillary nerve, and multiple fluoroscopic views should be obtained to avoid penetration of the humeral head cartilage. There may be a risk of injury to the cephalic vein, the biceps tendon, and the musculocutaneous nerve with use of anterior pins, and these pins should be employed with caution. Greater tuberosity pins should be placed with the arm in external rotation, should be aimed for a point greater than or equal to 20 mm from the inferior aspect of the humeral head, and should not overpenetrate the cortex. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Charette Hlth Care Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Rowles, DJ (reprint author), 2144 Sunset Maple Lane, Chesapeake, VA 23323 USA. NR 13 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 83A IS 11 BP 1695 EP 1699 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 490YR UT WOS:000172081700013 PM 11701793 ER PT J AU Callahan, JD Wu, SJL Dion-Schultz, A Mangold, BE Peruski, LF Watts, DM Porter, KR Murphy, GR Suharyono, W King, CC Hayes, CG Temenak, JJ AF Callahan, JD Wu, SJL Dion-Schultz, A Mangold, BE Peruski, LF Watts, DM Porter, KR Murphy, GR Suharyono, W King, CC Hayes, CG Temenak, JJ TI Development and evaluation of serotype- and group-specific fluorogenic reverse transcriptase PCR (TaqMan) assays for dengue virus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; RNA CONTROLS; ARMORED RNA; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; SYSTEM; DNA AB Five fluorogenic probe hydrolysis (TaqMan) reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assays were developed for serotypes 1 to 4 and group-specific detection of dengue virus. Serotype- and group-specific oligonucleotide primers and fluorogenic probes were designed against conserved regions of the dengue virus genome. The RT-PCR assay is a rapid single-tube method consisting of a 30-min RT step linked to a 45-cycle PCR at 95 and 60 degreesC that generates a fluorogenic signal in positive samples. Assays were initially evaluated against cell culture-derived dengue stock viruses and then with 67 dengue viremic human sera received from Peru, Indonesia, and Taiwan. The TaqMan assays were compared to virus isolation using C6/36 cells followed by an immunofluorescence assay using serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies. Viral titers in sera were determined by plaque assay in Vero cells. The serotype-specific TaqMan RT-PCR assay detected 62 of 67 confirmed dengue virus-positive samples, for a sensitivity of 92.5%, while the group-specific assay detected 66 of 67 confirmed dengue virus-positive samples, for a sensitivity of 98.5%. The TaqMan RT-PCR assays have a specificity of 100% based on the serotype concordance of all assays compared to cell culture isolation and negative results obtained when 21 normal human sera and plasma samples were tested. Our results demonstrate that the dengue virus TaqMan RT-PCR assays may be utilized as rapid, sensitive, and specific screening and serotyping tools for epidemiological studies of dengue virus infections. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Viral Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Amer Embassy, APO, AA 34031 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 2, APO, AP 96520 USA. Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Epidemiol, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Temenak, JJ (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Off Vaccines Res & Review, Div Vaccines & Related Prod Applicat, 1401 Rockville Pike,HFM 481, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. OI King, Chwan-Chuen/0000-0002-6078-2601 NR 22 TC 109 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 11 BP 4119 EP 4124 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.11.4119-4124.2001 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 488KK UT WOS:000171934200048 PM 11682539 ER PT J AU Gorti, S Zuk, WM Konnert, J Ward, K Tanaka, T Yang, H AF Gorti, S Zuk, WM Konnert, J Ward, K Tanaka, T Yang, H TI Lysozyme diffusion adjacent to the (110) crystal surface SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Crystallization of Biological Macromolecules CY MAY 14-19, 2000 CL SANDESTIN, FLORIDA DE biocrystallization; depletion zone formation; diffusion; light scattering microscopy ID DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; ELECTROLYTE FRICTION AB Measurements of lysozyme diffusion within the "depletion zone" of the (1 1 0) face of lysozyme crystals are reported. The measurements were performed using the technique of microscope light scattering, capable of measuring small sampling areas (similar to 2 mum(2)). Measurements within such small areas allowed for the determination of intensity correlation functions at precise locations (at similar to 10 mum intervals) adjacent to the (1 1 0) crystal face. From the intensity correlation functions, diffusion coefficients of lysozyme molecules adjacent to the (1 1 0) crystal face and in solution were determined. The diffusion coefficients were observed to decrease as the surface of the crystal was approached, Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Ward, K (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD NOV PY 2001 VL 232 IS 1-4 BP 256 EP 261 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)01153-8 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 473KL UT WOS:000171042700032 ER EF