FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Tateyama, CE Kingham, KA Kaufmann, P de Lucena, AMP AF Tateyama, CE Kingham, KA Kaufmann, P de Lucena, AMP TI Observations of BL Lacertae object 1803+784 from the geodetic VLBI archive of the Washington Correlator SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : individual (1803+784) galaxies : jets; radio continuum : galaxies; techniques : high angular resolution; techniques : interferometric ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; FLUX-DENSITY VARIATIONS; 5 GHZ; COMPLETE SAMPLE; LAC OBJECTS; QUASARS; JETS; ASTROMETRY; EVOLUTION AB We present 11 maps of BL Lacertae object 1803+784 derived from geodetic VLBI observations archived at the Washington Correlator. The observations were obtained during the years 1988-1999. In this period three superluminal components with an expansion rate of 0.084 mas yr(-1) were identified. A remarkable feature of the VLBI images is that the superluminal components only become visible on the jet at a radius of 1 mas from the core, which was interpreted as a result of a helically curved jet. This feature and further evidence of helical patterns found in published high dynamic range VLBI maps at parsec scale and kiloparsec scale enabled us to obtain a well-constrained helical jet. The overall radio morphology of 1803+784 could be described by two dominant components given by a narrow helical jet extending east-west about 6 kpc from the core (deprojected size of 30 kpc) and a much larger north-south component perpendicular to the helical jet (cone axis) with a linear size of about 270 kpc. C1 Univ Presbiteriana Mackenzie, INPE, CRAAM, BR-01302000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. USN Observ, Earth Orientat Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. INPE, CRAAM, ROEN, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. RP Tateyama, CE (reprint author), INPE, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2002 VL 573 IS 2 BP 496 EP 504 DI 10.1086/340749 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 570MX UT WOS:000176663000003 ER PT J AU Salim, S Gould, A Olling, RP AF Salim, S Gould, A Olling, RP TI Astrometry survey missions beyond the magnitude limit SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; Galaxy : fundamental parameters; Galaxy : halo; reference systems; stars : late-type; white dwarfs ID SAGITTARIUS A-ASTERISK; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; RR-LYRAE STARS; PROPER MOTION; MILKY-WAY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; STATISTICAL PARALLAX; WHITE-DWARFS; HALO AB Three planned astrometry survey satellites, the Full-Sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer (FAME), DIVA, and GAIA, aim at observing magnitude-limited samples. We argue that substantial additional scientific opportunities are within the reach of these missions if they devote a modest fraction of their catalogs to selected targets that are fainter than their magnitude limits. We show that the addition of O(10(6)) faint (R >15) targets to the 40 x 10(6) object FAME catalog can improve the precision of the reference frame by a factor of 2.5, to 7 muas yr(-1), increase the Galactocentric distance at which halo rotation can be precisely (2 km s(-1)) measured by a factor of 4, to 25 kpc, and increase the number of late M dwarfs, L dwarfs, and white dwarfs with good parallaxes by an order of magnitude. In most cases, the candidate quasars, horizontal-branch stars, and dim dwarfs that should be observed to achieve these aims are not yet known. We present various methods to identify candidates from these classes and assess the efficiencies of these methods. The analysis presented here can be applied to DIVA with modest modi cations. Application to GAIA should be deferred until the characteristics of potential targets are better constrained. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN Observ, Dept Navy, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Salim, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. OI Salim, Samir/0000-0003-2342-7501 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2002 VL 573 IS 2 BP 631 EP 643 DI 10.1086/340657 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 570MX UT WOS:000176663000014 ER PT J AU Parker, JK Nelson, HH AF Parker, JK Nelson, HH TI Kinetics and thermodynamics of the Al plus trimethylaluminum reaction SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; FILM GROWTH; PLASMA; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOLYSIS; GEOMETRIES; ENERGIES; ALUMINA AB Equilibrium between Al atoms, trimethylaluminum (TMA), and an Al-TMA complex has been observed over the temperature range 341-396 K at 50 Torr total pressure. Rate constants for the forward reaction are reported from 296 to 396 K. A van't Hoff plot of the equilibrium constant versus 1/T yields DeltaH(0) and DeltaS(0) values for the complexation reaction as -19.6 (+/-1.7) kcal mol(-1) and -27.7 (+/-4.8) cal mol(-1) K-1, respectively. An MP2 calculation gives DeltaH(0) of complexation as -12.6 kcal mol(-1), A complex which contains an Al-Al bond semi-bridged by a methyl group is predicted by ab initio and DFT calculations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nelson, HH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 3-4 BP 313 EP 319 AR PII S0009-2614(02)00849-7 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00849-7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 578TV UT WOS:000177136800018 ER PT J AU Waltz, J AF Waltz, J TI Derived data structure algorithms for unstructured finite element meshes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE unstructured meshes; data structures; finite element method; computational fluid dynamics AB A set of derived data structure algorithms for unstructured finite element meshes is presented. Both serial and parallel algorithms are described for each data structure. Colouring groups for the elements are used to facilitate parallelization on shared memory architectures. Scaling studies indicate that the parallel algorithms are most efficient when the number of elements per processor is on the order of 10(6) or higher, and overall efficiencies of 60-70% are achieved down to 0.5 x 10(6) elements per processor. Although the meshes under consideration are tetrahedral, the algorithms are general in nature and can be extended to arbitrary element types with minimal effort. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Waltz, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Code 6410,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD JUL 10 PY 2002 VL 54 IS 7 BP 945 EP 963 DI 10.1002/nme.453 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 563AA UT WOS:000176230100001 ER PT J AU Bentley, SJ Keen, TR Blain, CA Vaughan, WC AF Bentley, SJ Keen, TR Blain, CA Vaughan, WC TI The origin and preservation of a major hurricane event bed in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Hurricane Camille, 1969 SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hurricanes; event beds; geochronology; numerical models ID WASHINGTON CONTINENTAL-SHELF; 3RD-GENERATION WAVE MODEL; BOTTOM BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; COASTAL REGIONS; TROPICAL STORM; WINTER STORMS; SEQUENCES; FLOW; BAY AB Cores collected from Mississippi Sound, in the Gulf of Mexico, were studied using Pb-210(xs) and Cs-137 geochronology, X-radiography, granulometry, and a multi-sensor core logger. Our results indicate the presence of a widespread sandy event layer that we attribute to Hurricane Camille (1969). An initial thickness of more than 10 cm. is estimated from the cores, which is large compared to the time-averaged apparent accumulation rate of 0.29-0.47 cm y(-1). Physical and biological post-depositional processes have reworked the sandy layer, producing a regional discontinuity and localized truncation, and resulting in an imperfect and biased record of sedimentary processes during the storm. The oceanographic and sedimentological processes that would have produced an event bed during Hurricane Camille are simulated using a series of numerical models, i.e. (1) a parametric cyclone wind model, (2) the SWAN third-generation wave model, (3) the ADCIRC 2D finite-element hydrodynamic model, and (4) a wave-current bottom boundary layer model that is coupled to transport and bed conservation equations (TRANS98). The simulated bed ranges from 5 cm to over 100 cm, within a tidal channel near the barrier islands. Seaward of the islands, the bed is more than 10 cm in thickness with local variability. The magnitude and local variability of the storm bed thickness are consistent with the observed stratigraphy and geochronology on both the landward and seaward sides of the barriers. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Bentley, SJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 62 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JUL 10 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 3-4 BP 423 EP 446 AR PII S0025-3227(02)00297-9 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00297-9 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 582QN UT WOS:000177362800014 ER PT J AU Hensel-Bielowka, S Paluch, M AF Hensel-Bielowka, S Paluch, M TI Origin of the high-frequency contributions to the dielectric loss in supercooled liquids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; BETA-RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE; FORMERS; TRANSITION; CHLORIDE AB Dielectric loss spectra of four different glass formers revealing either beta relaxation or excess wing are presented. We compare the effect of pressure and temperature on the mentioned processes. Our findings suggest that the excess wing and the beta relaxation cannot be treated on the same footing. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hensel-Bielowka, S (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. NR 22 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 8 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 2 AR 025704 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.025704 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 566HK UT WOS:000176420900022 PM 12097007 ER PT J AU Papaconstantopoulos, DA Hellberg, CS AF Papaconstantopoulos, DA Hellberg, CS TI Comment on "Correlation induced paramagnetic ground state in FeAl" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID BAND C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Papaconstantopoulos, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 8 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 2 AR 029701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.029701 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 566HK UT WOS:000176420900037 ER PT J AU Wong, EM Markowitz, MA Qadri, SB Golledge, S Castner, DG Gaber, BP AF Wong, EM Markowitz, MA Qadri, SB Golledge, S Castner, DG Gaber, BP TI Hybrid organic-inorganic quaternary ammonium organosilane functionalized mesoporous thin films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SILICA FILMS; ADSORPTION PROPERTIES; PORE-SIZE; MESOPHASES; MOLECULES; POLYMERS; SENSORS; SOLVENT AB Quaternary ammonium functionalized mesoporous thin films were prepared by spin casting mixtures of bis-(triethoxysilyl)ethane hexaethoxydisilethylene with a series of quaternary ammonium functionalized organosilanes that primarily differed only in the length of the hydrocarbon segment: N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chlorides N,N-didecyl-N-methyl-(3-trimethoxysilyi-propyl)ammonium chloride; tetradecyldimethyl-(3-trimethoxysilyl-propyl)ammonium chlorides and octadecyldimethyl-(3-trimethoxysilyl-propyl)ammonium chloride. X-ray diffraction revealed that the films formed with the longest hydrocarbon segment ( 18 carbons) did not exhibit an ordered structure, while the remainder of the films exhibited p6mm pore ordering. These films remained ordered following surfactant extraction and calcination, with some film shrinkage occurring following either procedure. The d-spacing of the films,vas found to decrease linearly with increasing length of the ammonium chloride hydrocarbon segment. As determined by XPS studies, the longer hydrocarbon chain length organosilanes (n greater than or equal to 10) were also found to incorporate more efficiently into the films than the shorter chain material. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Washington, ESCA & Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, ESCA & Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 4 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 26 BP 6652 EP 6658 DI 10.1021/jp014201g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 569GL UT WOS:000176592900007 ER PT J AU Baruah, T Pederson, MR AF Baruah, T Pederson, MR TI Electronic structure and magnetic anisotropy of the [Co-4(hmp)(4)(CH3OH)(4)Cl-4] molecule SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID APPROXIMATION; CLUSTER AB Accurate density-functional based calculations have been performed on the Co-4(hmp)(4)(CH3OH)(4)Cl-4 molecular magnet where limp is deprotonated hydroxymethyl pyridine. In addition to the experimentally observed staggered geometry, we identify two isomers, referred to as eclipsed and half-staggered/half-eclipsed, that are reasonably low in energy. Our calculations show that the magnetic anisotropy is strongly dependent on the pyridine-pyridine separation and that the three structures exhibit easy axis, easy plane and triaxial behavior. Other effects such as partial reprotonation of the limp is considered. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pederson@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 1-2 BP 144 EP 148 AR PII S0009-2614(02)00824-2 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00824-2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 575UX UT WOS:000176967800022 ER PT J AU Collins, J Hyde, C Gray, L Wood, B Blinder, RA Puckett, ML de Christenson, MLR Koeller, KK AF Collins, J Hyde, C Gray, L Wood, B Blinder, RA Puckett, ML de Christenson, MLR Koeller, KK CA Radiology Educ Comm TI Radiology resident evaluation: A form that addresses the six competencies of the accreditation council for graduate medical education SO ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Wisconsin Hosp & Clin, Dept Radiol, Clin Sci Ctr E3 311, Madison, WI 53792 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Radiol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Collins, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Hosp & Clin, Dept Radiol, Clin Sci Ctr E3 311, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC UNIV RADIOLOGISTS PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523-2251 USA SN 1076-6332 J9 ACAD RADIOL JI Acad. Radiol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 9 IS 7 BP 815 EP 816 DI 10.1016/S1076-6332(03)80354-9 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 572LR UT WOS:000176776600012 PM 12139098 ER PT J AU Huang, LL Massa, L Karle, J AF Huang, LL Massa, L Karle, J TI Form factors for core electrons useful for the application of quantum crystallography (QCr) to organic molecules SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article AB Form factors are calculated for the core electrons of the first-row atoms B, C, N, O and F. The form factors are presented in an analytical form, as appears in International Tables for X-ray Crystallography [Ibers & Hamilton (1974), Vol. IV, pp. 103-145. Birmingham: Kynoch Press; present distributor Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht]. Having such form factors for the core electrons reduces the number of parameters to be determined by the methods of quantum crystallography (QCr). It is shown that the form factors obtained are quite accurate. Thus, when they are used in QCr, they are expected to be consistent with accurate charge densities. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10036 USA. RP Karle, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD JUL PY 2002 VL 58 BP 410 EP 411 DI 10.1107/S0108767302005676 PN 4 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 567QK UT WOS:000176495500014 PM 12089465 ER PT J AU Castro, BM Ekaterinaris, JA Platzer, MF AF Castro, BM Ekaterinaris, JA Platzer, MF TI Navier-Stokes analysis of wind-tunnel interference on transonic airfoil flutter SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EQUATIONS; FLOWS AB A time-domain numerical method is used for the simulation and investigation of the transonic two-degree-of-freedom bending/torsion flutter characteristics of the National Aerospace Laboratory 7301 section measured in a wind-tunnel experiment. An implicit, time-accurate, two-dimensional, compressible, thin-layer Navier-Stokes flow solver is coupled with a two-degree-of-freedom structural model. The wind-tunnel walls are included to model the experimental flow conditions more closely and to obtain accurate aerodynamic predictions in the computations. A three-block grid is used for the discretization of the domain, including the airfoil and wind-tunnel walls. Solid and porous wall boundary conditions are implemented and tested for the domain boundaries representing the tunnel walls. Computations of the steady transonic aerodynamic characteristics show good agreement with the experimental results when a 50% porosity wall boundary condition is assumed for the wind-tunnel walls. Including the wall effects improved the agreement of the aeroelastic computations, which predicted limit-cycle flutter amplitudes in closer agreement with the experiment compared to the unbounded flow calculations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Appl & Computat Math, Iraklion, Greece. RP Castro, BM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1269 EP 1276 DI 10.2514/2.1803 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 569WA UT WOS:000176624400002 ER PT J AU Kimmel, EC Courson, DL AF Kimmel, EC Courson, DL TI Characterization of particulate matter in carbon-graphite/epoxy advanced composite material smoke SO AIHAJ LA English DT Article DE advanced composite material; carbon-graphite/epoxy; fibers; particulates; respirable; smoke ID FIBER AB The physical and chemical properties of the particulate fraction of carbon-graphite/epoxy advanced composite material (cgeACM) smoke were measured to address concerns regarding potential health hazards posed by the release of fibers during pyrolysis of this material, Filter, low-pressure cascade impactor, and electrostatic precipitator samples were collected from cgeACM smoke in which the aerosol concentration ranged from 0.20 to 5.39 g/m(3). Fibers were found in the smoke among individual, spherical, or nearly spherical particles and chain aggregates. The fibers had a mean count diameter of 0.54 mum and an average length of 2.84 mum. However, fibers accounted for approximately 0.3% of the particles counted. The smoke aerosols (including fibers) had mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMAD) ranging from 1.4 to 1.9 mum with standard geometric deviations ranging from 1.6 to 1.8, and hence more than 88% of the particles were in the thoracic size range (MMADless than or equal to4.0 mum). All particles were composed primarily of carbon, silicon, sulfur, and oxygen with traces of other metals. By comparison fibers were composed almost exclusively of silicon. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Hlth Effects Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kimmel, EC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Geocenters Inc, NHRC TD Bldg,433 2612 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHAJ JI AIHAJ PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 63 IS 4 BP 413 EP 423 DI 10.1080/15428110208984729 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 583DG UT WOS:000177390200006 PM 12486774 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, SC Stanley, EM Cox, ED DiMercurio, BS Koziol, DE Harlan, DM Kirk, AD Blair, PJ AF Hoffmann, SC Stanley, EM Cox, ED DiMercurio, BS Koziol, DE Harlan, DM Kirk, AD Blair, PJ TI Ethnicity greatly influences cytokine gene polymorphism distribution SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE allotransplantation; cytokines; polymorphisms renal ID KIDNEY-TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; RENAL-ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL; INTERLEUKIN-10 GENE; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; REJECTION; ASSOCIATION; EXPRESSION; BLACKS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AB Polymorphisms in the regulatory regions of cytokine genes are associated with high and low cytokine production and may modulate the magnitude of alloimmune responses following transplantation. Ethnicity influences allograft half-life and the incidence of acute and chronic rejection. We have questioned whether ethnic-based differences in renal allograft survival could be due in part to inheritance of cytokine polymorphisms. To address that question, we studied the inheritance patterns for polymorphisms in several cytokine genes (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, and IFN-gamma) within an ethnically diverse study population comprised of 216 Whites, 58 Blacks, 25 Hispanics, and 31 Asians. Polymorphisms were determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length analysis. We found striking differences in the distribution of cytokine polymorphisms among ethnic populations. Specifically, significant differences existed between Blacks and both Whites and Asians in the distribution of the polymorphic alleles for IL-2. Blacks, Hispanics and Asians demonstrated marked differences in the inheritance of IL-6 alleles and IL-10 genotypes that result in high expression when compared with Whites. Those of Asian descent exhibited an increase in IFN-gamma genotypes that result in low expression as compared to Whites. In contrast, we did not find significant ethnic-based differences in the inheritance of polymorphic alleles for TNF-a. Our results show that the inheritance of certain cytokine gene polymorphisms is strongly associated with ethnicity. These differences may contribute to the apparent influence of ethnicity on allograft outcome. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, NIDDKD, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIH, Warren G Magnuson Clin Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Blair, PJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, NIDDKD, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 47 TC 206 Z9 221 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 2 IS 6 BP 560 EP 567 DI 10.1034/j.1600-6143.2002.20611.x PG 8 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 568QF UT WOS:000176553200011 PM 12118901 ER PT J AU Fye, JL Nelson, HH Mowery, RL Baronavski, AP Callahan, JH AF Fye, JL Nelson, HH Mowery, RL Baronavski, AP Callahan, JH TI Scanning ultraviolet two-step laser mass spectroscopy of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon distributions on creosote-contaminated soil particles SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIUM VIBRIO-HARVEYI; CHITIN-BINDING PROTEINS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; DESORPTION IONIZATION; ORGANIC-ANALYSIS; SPECTROMETRY; MATRIX; BIODEGRADATION; MOLECULES AB The distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on creosote-contaminated soil has been examined with scanning ultraviolet two-step laser desorption/laser ionization mass spectroscopy (UV-(LMS)-M-2). The instrument has been constructed in-house by modifying a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Two-dimensional chemical maps were accurately generated from model patterned PAH distributions. From examination of three-dimensional substrates, the depth of field of the experiment allows surfaces with roughness of up to 120 mum to be treated as a two-dimensional system and still achieve an accurate representation of the surface deposits. Soil was obtained from a former wood treatment facility. Individual particles of 100-1000 mum were mounted on indexed sample plates and examined by reflectance infrared microscopy, optical microscopy, and imaging UV-(LMS)-M-2. The most intense PAH signals were associated with regions on the particles where clay/organic carbon deposits were found. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Callahan, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6100, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 13 BP 3019 EP 3029 DI 10.1021/ac025510i PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 569FH UT WOS:000176589800024 PM 12141660 ER PT J AU Berdichevsky, DB Farrugia, CJ Thompson, BJ Lepping, RP Reames, DV Kaiser, ML Steinberg, JT Plunkett, SP Michels, DJ AF Berdichevsky, DB Farrugia, CJ Thompson, BJ Lepping, RP Reames, DV Kaiser, ML Steinberg, JT Plunkett, SP Michels, DJ TI Halo-coronal mass ejections near the 23rd solar minimum: lift-off, inner heliosphere, and in situ (1 AU) signatures SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE radio science; remote sensing; solar physics, astrophysics and astronomy; flares and mass ejections; space plasma physics; nonlinear phenomena ID II RADIO EMISSIONS; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; PROTON TEMPERATURE; WIND SPACECRAFT; JANUARY 1997; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; SOURCE LOCATION; DRIVEN SHOCKS AB The extreme ultraviolet (EUV) signatures of a solar lift-off, decametric and kilometric radio burst emissions and energetic particle (EP) inner heliospheric signatures of an interplanetary shock, and in situ identification of its driver through solar wind observations are discussed for 12 isolated halo coronal mass ejections (H-CMEs) occurring between December 1996 and 1997. For the aforementioned twelve and the one event added in the discussion, it is found that ten passed several necessary conditions for being a "Sun-Earth connection". It is found that low corona EUV and Halpha chromospheric signatures indicate filament eruption as the cause of H-CME. These signatures indicate that the 12 events can be divided into two major subsets, 7 related to active regions (ARs) and 5 unrelated or related to decayed AR. In the case of events related to AR, there is indication of a faster liftoff, while a more gradual lift-off appears to characterize the second set. Inner heliospheric signatures - the presence of long lasting enhanced energetic particle flux and/or kilometric type II radio bursts - of a driven shock were identified in half of the 12 events. The in situ (1 AU) analyses using five different solar wind ejecta. signatures and comparisons with the bidirectional flow of suprathermal particles and For-bush decreases result in indications of a strong solar wind ejecta signatures for 11 out of 12 cases. From the discussion of these results, combined with work by other authors for overlapping events, we conclude that good Sun-Earth connection candidates originate most likely from solar filament eruptions with at least one of its extremities located closer to the central meridian than similar to30degreesE or similar to35degreesW with a larger extension in latitudinal location possible. In seven of the twelve cases it appears that the encountered ejecta was driving a shock at 1 AU. Support for this interpretation is found on the approximately equal velocity of the shock and the ejecta leading-edge. These shocks were weak to moderate in strength, and a comparison of their transit time with their local speed indicated a deceleration. In contradistinction with this result on shocks, the transit time versus the local speed of the ejecta appeared either to indicate that the ejecta as a whole traveled at constant speed or underwent a small amount of acceleration. This is a result that stands for cases with and without fast stream observations at their rear end. Seven out of twelve ejecta candidate intervals were themselves interplanetary magnetic cloud (IMC) or contained a previously identified IMC. As a by-product of this study, we noticed two good ejecta candidates at 1 AU for which observation of a H-CME or CME appears to be missing. C1 Emergent Informat Technol E, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Res Lab, USRA, Washington, DC USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Emergent Informat Technol E, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM xrdbb@lepvx3.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 89 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 20 IS 7 BP 891 EP 916 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 583HW UT WOS:000177402900003 ER PT J AU Menaldi, JL Sritharan, SS AF Menaldi, JL Sritharan, SS TI Stochastic 2-D Navier-Stokes equation SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE stochastic Navier-Stokes equation; maximal monotone operator; Markov-Feller semigroup; stochastic differential equations AB In this paper we prove the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions for the stochastic Navier-Stokes equation in bounded and unbounded domains. These solutions are stochastic analogs of the classical Lions-Prodi solutions to the deterministic Navier-Stokes equation. Local monotonicity of the nonlinearity is exploited to obtain the solutions in a given probability space and this significantly improves the earlier techniques for obtaining strong solutions, which depended on pathwise solutions to the Navier-Stokes martingale problem where the probability space is also obtained as a part of the solution. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Math, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USN, SPAWAR SSD, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Menaldi, JL (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Math, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. OI Sritharan, Sivaguru/0000-0003-2845-332X NR 23 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0095-4616 J9 APPL MATH OPT JI Appl. Math. Optim. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 46 IS 1 BP 31 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s00245-002-0734-6 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 603KD UT WOS:000178557600002 ER PT J AU Rockosi, CM Odenkirchen, M Grebel, EK Dehnen, W Cudworth, KM Gunn, JE York, DG Brinkmann, J Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z AF Rockosi, CM Odenkirchen, M Grebel, EK Dehnen, W Cudworth, KM Gunn, JE York, DG Brinkmann, J Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z TI A matched-filter analysis of the tidal tails of the globular cluster Palomar 5 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : halo; Galaxy : kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy : structure; globular clusters : individual (Palomar 5) ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; STELLAR-SYSTEMS; MILKY-WAY; STARS; HALO; GALAXY; PHOTOMETRY; SHOCKS; FINDER AB The tidal tails of the globular cluster Palomar 5 are analyzed over a 41 deg(2) area of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometric catalogs. The matched filter algorithm provides the maximum possible signal-to-noise detection of the cluster stars over the measured background, and the expected and actual effectiveness of the technique in the context of this data set is discussed. The stellar background is examined in some detail for systematic variation as a function of Galactic position in order to assess its effect on the detection efficiency. Of the total number of Pal 5 stars detected, 45% are out in the tails. The tails are found as the only additional 3 overdensity of cluster stars over the entire 41 deg(2) area studied. The annular-averaged density of stars along the tails is fitted to a power law in radius with best-fit index 1.58 +/- 0.07, significantly steeper than that predicted from a constant orbit-averaged mass-loss rate. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Chicago, Yerkes Observ, Williams Bay, WI 53191 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Rockosi, CM (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Brinkmann, Jonathan/H-2779-2014 OI Brinkmann, Jonathan/0000-0001-6128-659X NR 52 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 124 IS 1 BP 349 EP 363 DI 10.1086/340957 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 563UA UT WOS:000176272900021 ER PT J AU Reid, IN Kirkpatrick, JD Liebert, J Gizis, JE Dahn, CC Monet, DG AF Reid, IN Kirkpatrick, JD Liebert, J Gizis, JE Dahn, CC Monet, DG TI High-resolution spectroscopy of ultracool M dwarfs SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : stellar content; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : luminosity function, mass function ID LOW-MASS STARS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; PERSEI OPEN CLUSTER; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; BROWN DWARFS; MAIN-SEQUENCE; CHROMOSPHERIC EMISSION; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; SPECTRAL TYPES AB We present high-resolution echelle spectroscopy of 39 dwarfs with spectral types between M6.5 and L0.5. With one exception, those dwarfs were selected from the Two Micron All Sky Survey database using photometric criteria, (J-K-S) greater than or equal to 1.1 and K-S less than or equal to 12.0, and therefore should provide a sample free of the kinematic biases that can affect proper-motion selected samples. Two of the stars, 2MASSI J0253202+271333 and 2MASSW J0952219-192431, are double-lined spectroscopic binaries. We have used our observations to search for Li I 6708 Angstrom absorption, characteristic of substellar mass; estimate the level of chromospheric activity through measurement of Halpha emission fluxes; measure rotational velocities via line broadening; and determine radial velocities and Galactic space motions. Two dwarfs have strong lithium absorption, the previously known brown dwarf LP 944-20 and 2MASSI J0335020+234235, which we identify as a probable 0.06 M. brown dwarf with an age of similar to1 Gyr. We have investigated the prospect of using the observed frequency of lithium absorption among ultracool M dwarfs (M7 to M9.5) as a probe of the initial mass function, comparing the observed frequency against predictions based on recent theoretical models of low-mass dwarfs and an assumed star formation history. Our results show that the conclusions drawn are vulnerable both to systematic differences between the available models and to incomplete local sampling of the most recent star formation events (ages less than 10(8) yr). The latter consideration stems from the mass-dependent rate of evolution of brown dwarfs. Even given those caveats, however, the available observations are difficult to reconcile with Salpeter-like power-law mass functions (alpha greater than or equal to 2) for masses below 0.1 M.. A comparison between the rotational velocities and Halpha fluxes shows no evidence for significant correlation. The mean activity level of the ultracool dwarfs lies almost a factor of 10 below that of early- and mid-type M dwarfs. The relative number of dwarfs with v sin i < 20 km s(-1) with respect to greater than 20 km s(-1) is independent of spectral type. Finally, velocity dispersions derived for our photometrically selected sample of ultracool dwarfs are significantly lower than those measured for nearby M dwarfs but show remarkable similarity to results for earlier type emission-line (dMe) dwarfs. The latter are generally assigned ages of less than &SIM;3 Gyr. C1 Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Reid, IN (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 89 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 124 IS 1 BP 519 EP 540 DI 10.1086/340805 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 563UA UT WOS:000176272900035 ER PT J AU Dyck, HM Nordgren, TE AF Dyck, HM Nordgren, TE TI The effect of TiO absorption on optical and infrared angular diameters of cool stars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : atmospheres; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : late-type ID SAMPLING MODEL ATMOSPHERES; M-GIANTS; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; MICHELSON INTERFEROMETRY; SUPERGIANTS; RADII; CATALOG; MIRA AB We review the systematic variation between optical- and infrared-wavelength angular diameters reported for stars in the approximate range of spectral types K0-M6. We show that there is a correlation between the ratio of angular diameters and the depth of TiO absorption, in the sense that the optical diameters are larger. We argue that this validates a recent proposal by Houdashelt et al. that TiO absorption affects certain, but not all, optical- wavelength angular diameters significantly. Those authors pointed out that the infrared angular diameters appear to yield better effective temperatures than do the optical diameters, even though the latter are of higher precision. The observed angular diameter differences may arise either from limb darkening, atmospheric extension, or a combination of these two processes. Model atmosphere calculations of limb darkening coefficients are needed to see whether the diameter discrepancy may be resolved. These models need to contain the correct opacity sources and a realistic estimate of the atmospheric geometry and dynamics. A comparison with observations such as those described in this paper will be useful for testing the validity of atmosphere models. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Redlands, Dept Phys, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. RP Dyck, HM (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 124 IS 1 BP 541 EP 545 DI 10.1086/341039 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 563UA UT WOS:000176272900036 ER PT J AU Currie, DG Dorland, BN Kaufer, A AF Currie, DG Dorland, BN Kaufer, A TI Discovery of a high velocity, spatially extended emission "shell" in front of the southeast lobe of the eta Carinae Homunculus SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : individual : eta Carinae; variables : LBV; winds, outflows; circumstellar matter AB We report the discovery of the eta Carinae "Ghost Shell," a high-velocity, spatially extended emission feature that lies in front of the southeast lobe of the eta Carinae Homunculus. Using data obtained with "Kueyen," one of the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope 8.2 m telescopes and its Ultraviolet and Visible Echelle Spectrograph instrument, we have observed a structure in velocity space of width approximate to35 km s(-1) and with Doppler velocities ranging from 675 less than or equal to v less than or equal to 850 km s(-1). This is up to 500 km s(-1) faster than the Homunculus front wall. The structure is distinct from the front wall in velocity space, and extends beyond the Homunculus' spatial boundaries. The Ghost Shell has been detected in emission for multiple allowed Balmer lines and in forbidden lines of [NII], [SII], and [ArIII]. The feature is also associated with a complex absorption structure in Ca H and Klines. We propose that the Ghost Shell lies outside the Homunculus and represents the forward shock between the fast stellar wind of the Great Eruption epoch and the older slow massive stellar wind. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. European So Observ, D-8046 Garching, Germany. USN Observ, Dept Astrometry, Washington, DC 20392 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. RP Dorland, BN (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 389 IS 3 BP L65 EP L68 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20020805 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 574FL UT WOS:000176877800001 ER PT J AU Munari, U Henden, A Kiyota, S Laney, D Marang, F Zwitter, T Corradi, RLM Desidera, S Marrese, PM Giro, E Boschi, F Schwartz, MB AF Munari, U Henden, A Kiyota, S Laney, D Marang, F Zwitter, T Corradi, RLM Desidera, S Marrese, PM Giro, E Boschi, F Schwartz, MB TI The mysterious eruption of V838 Mon SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : supergiants; stars : novae; stars : individual : V838 Mon; stars : mass-loss; ISM : jets and outflows ID EVOLUTION; STAR; M31 AB V838 Mon is marking one of the most mysterious stellar outbursts on record. The spectral energy distribution of the progenitor resembles an under-luminous F main sequence star (at V = 15.6 mag), that erupted into a cool supergiant following a complex and multi-maxima lightcurve (peaking at V = 6.7 mag). The outburst spectrum show BaII, LiI and lines of several s-elements, with wide P-Cyg profiles and a moderate and retracing emission in the Balmer lines. A light-echo discovered expanding around the object helped to constrain the distance (d = 790 +/- 30 pc), providing M-V = +4.45 in quiescence and M-V = -4.35 at optical maximum (somewhat dependent on the still uncertain EB-V = 0:5 reddening). The general outburst trend is toward lower temperatures and larger luminosities, and continuing so at the time of writing. The object properties conflict with a classification within already existing categories: the progenitor was not on a post-AGB track and thus the similarities with the born-again AGB stars FG Sge, V605 Aql and Sakurai's object are limited to the cool giant spectrum at maximum; the cool spectrum, the moderate wind velocity (500 km s(-1) and progressively reducing) and the monotonic decreasing of the low ionization condition argues against a classical nova scenario. The closest similarity is with a star that erupted into an M-type supergiant discovered in M 31 by Rich et al. (1989), that became however much brighter by peaking at M-V = 9:95, and with V4332 Sgr that too erupted into an M-type giant (Martini et al. 1999) and that attained a lower luminosity, closer to that of V838 Mon. M 31-RedVar, V4332 Sgr and V838 Mon could be all manifestations of a new class of astronomical objects. C1 Osserv Astron Padova, INAF, Sede Asiago, I-36012 Asiago, VI, Italy. USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. VSOLJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050031, Japan. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Observatory, South Africa. Univ Ljubljana, Dept Phys, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Isaac Newton Grp Telescopes, Santa Cruz De La Palma 38700, Canarias, Spain. Tenagra Observ, Nogales, AZ 85621 USA. RP Munari, U (reprint author), Osserv Astron Padova, INAF, Sede Asiago, I-36012 Asiago, VI, Italy. OI Desidera, Silvano/0000-0001-8613-2589; Giro, Enrico/0000-0001-7301-8285 NR 13 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 389 IS 2 BP L51 EP L56 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20020715 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573EW UT WOS:000176817200003 ER PT J AU Share, GH Murphy, RJ Kiener, J de Sereville, N AF Share, GH Murphy, RJ Kiener, J de Sereville, N TI Directionality of solar flare accelerated protons and alpha-particles from gamma-ray line measurements SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : flares; Sun : particle emission; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID MAXIMUM-MISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; ABUNDANCES; EMISSION AB The energies and widths of gamma-ray lines emitted by ambient nuclei excited by flare-accelerated protons and alpha-particles provide information on the ions directionality and spectra and on the characteristics of the interaction region. We have measured the energies and widths of strong lines from de-excitations of C-12, O-16, and Ne-20 in solar flares as a function of the heliocentric angle. The line energies from all three nuclei exhibit similar to1% redshifts for flares at small heliocentric angles but are not shifted near the limb. The lines have widths of similar to3% FWHM. We compare the C-12 line measurements for flares at five different heliocentric angles with calculations for different interacting-particle distributions. A downward isotropic distribution ( or one with a small upward component) provides a good fit to the line measurements. An angular distribution derived for particles that undergo significant pitch-angle scattering by MHD turbulence in coronal magnetic loops provides comparably good fits. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CNRS, Inst Natl Phys Nucl & Phys Particules, Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Share, GH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Kiener, Jurgen/0000-0001-7885-8398 NR 19 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 573 IS 1 BP 464 EP 470 DI 10.1086/340595 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 564YD UT WOS:000176340400042 ER PT J AU Whiting, AB Hau, GKT Irwin, M AF Whiting, AB Hau, GKT Irwin, M TI The southern dwarf hunt: Local Group dwarf candidates in the southern sky SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies : dwarf; Local Group; planetary nebulae : general; reflection nebulae; surveys ID SURFACE BRIGHTNESS GALAXIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; M31; PHOTOMETRY; CATALOG; NEBULAE; LIST AB We present observations of 82 Local Group dwarf galaxy candidates, of which 62 were chosen visually from ESO-SRC survey plates of the southern sky (32 of which were not previously cataloged) and the rest suggested by various sources in the literature. Two are the Local Group galaxies Antlia and Cetus; nine are more distant galaxies, though still within a few megaparsecs; 45 are background galaxies; seven are planetary ( or other emission) nebulae; 15 are reflection or other Galactic nebulae; two are galaxy clusters; one is a Galactic star cluster; and one is a misidentified star. We conclude that there is no large population of faint Local Group dwarf galaxies of any familiar type awaiting discovery. We point out the danger of relying on a single type of data to reach conclusions about an object. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Catholic Univ Chile, Fac Fis & Astron, Santiago, Chile. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. RP Whiting, AB (reprint author), Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile. EM whiting@nadn.navy.mil; ghau@astro.puc.cl; mike@ast.cam.ac.uk NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 141 IS 1 BP 123 EP 146 DI 10.1086/340037 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 564XW UT WOS:000176339700008 ER PT J AU Farr, RW Kane, PD AF Farr, RW Kane, PD TI Clinical outcomes of naval aviation personnel with cholelithiasis SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cholecystectomy; biliary tract disease ID SHOCK-WAVE LITHOTRIPSY; GALLSTONE; RECURRENCE; MANAGEMENT; SYMPTOMS AB Background: This study examines the aeromedical outcomes of aviation personnel with asymptomatic cholelithiasis or those treated successfully with conventional (open) cholecystectomy (CC), laparoscopic cholecystectomy (I-C), or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for previous symptomatic cholecystitis. Methods: The Biomedical Database of the Naval Aerospace Medical Institute was searched for waiver requests for asymptomatic gallstones, acute cholecystitis, and cholecystectomy. Microfiche records were then reviewed. The rates of development of symptomatic disease and need for cholecystectonny or ESWL were noted in aircrew granted waivers for asymptomatic cholelithiasis. The aeromedical outcomes of aircrew who underwent treatment for symptomatic disease by cholecystectonny (CC or LC) or ESWL were reviewed. Results: A search of the Biomedical Database revealed waiver requests for cholelithiasis for 79 naval aviation personnel from April 1988 to August 2000. Waiver requests were for previous cholecystectomy in 56 (70.9%) and cholelithiasis in 23 (29.1%). No aviators had undergone ESWL. Of the 56 aviators with previous cholecystectomy, waivers were granted in 51 (91.1%) cases. Waivers were denied to five individuals, primarily for other medical problems. Of the 23 aviators with cholelithiasis, 11 (47.8%) were granted waivers. Waivers were denied in 12 aviators because of symptomatic cholelithiasis (5), asymptomatic cholelithiasis (1), common bile duct stone (1), other medical problems (3), or no explanation (2). The aviator with asymptomatic cholelithiasis and two of the aviators with symptomatic cholelithiasis were subsequently granted waivers after cholecystectonny (I-C). The aviator with a symptomatic common bile duct stone received a waiver after cholecystectomy (CC). A total of 66 (83.5%) aviators received waivers. None were revoked during the study period because of symptomatic cholelithiasis or retained common bile duct stones. Conclusions: Aviation personnel who receive waivers for asymptomatic cholelithiasis or cholecystectomy rarely present with symptomatic biliary disease. C1 USN, Aerosp Med Inst, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. RP Farr, RW (reprint author), USN, Aerosp Med Inst, 220 Hovey Rd, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 73 IS 7 BP 681 EP 683 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 568BP UT WOS:000176522800010 PM 12137105 ER PT J AU Tormes, FR Webster, DE AF Tormes, FR Webster, DE TI Return to flight status following total hip replacement: A case report SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hip replacement; joint arthroplasty; ejection injury ID JOINT REPLACEMENT AB In the recent past, total hip replacement (THR) surgery in naval aviation personnel has been considered for selected individuals. There is a trend in the armed services to return individuals to flight status after total hip arthroplasty. Some individuals have successfully returned to ejection seat aircraft. A case report of an aviator who returned to tactical flying in the F/A-18 community is presented. This naval aviator has functioned successfully on a shipboard environment and accumulated in excess of 900 flight hours without functional compromise after successful hip arthroplasty, reporting no difficulty with aviation-related ergonomic issues, such as ingress/egress, sitting in a confined cockpit, or tolerating G forces. Two other individuals have also returned to flight status, but have not accumulated a significant number of flight hours to warrant evaluation. Irrespective of the apparent early success in returning to flight status, significant concerns remain. This preliminary assessment of individuals returned to flight status after THR appears to justify return to flight status, including ejection seat aircraft. However, there is a potential for hip fracture or dislocation in the event of ejection or PLF which poses significant risks for aircrews requesting return to flight status after THR. Additionally, personnel in this relatively young population should be advised of the likelihood of accelerated wear imposed by strenuous activity. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Orthoped, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. Naval Aerosp Med Inst, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Tormes, FR (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Orthoped, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 73 IS 7 BP 709 EP 712 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 568BP UT WOS:000176522800016 PM 12137111 ER PT J AU Momiyama, TS AF Momiyama, TS TI Spotlight on Su-30MK SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Aircraft Res & Technol Div, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 USA SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 157 IS 1 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 569YX UT WOS:000176631900002 ER PT J AU Dodson, JM Charles, PT Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ AF Dodson, JM Charles, PT Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ TI Quantitative assessment of filter-based cDNA microarrays: gene expression profiles of human T-lymphoma cell lines SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; AMINO-ACID TRANSPORTER; ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN; HOST CYCLOPHILIN-A; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; PUR-ALPHA; TYPE-1; PATTERNS; BINDS; UBIQUITINATION AB Motivation: While the use of cDNA microarrays for functional genomic analysis has become commonplace, relatively little attention has been placed on false positives, i.e. the likelihood that a change in measured radioactive or fluorescence intensity may reflect a change in gene expression when, in fact, there is none. Since cDNA arrays are being increasingly used to rapidly distinguish biomarkers for disease detection and subsequent assay development (Wellman et al., Blood, 96, 398-404, 2000), the impact of false positives can be significant. For the use of this technology, it is necessary to develop quantitative criteria for reduction of false positives with radioactively-labeled cDNA arrays. Results: We used a single source of RNA (HuT78 T lymphoma cells) to eliminate sample variation and quantitatively examined intensity ratios using radioactively labeled cDNA microarrays. Variation in intensity ratios was reduced by processing microarrays in side-by-side (parallel mode) rather than by using the same microarray for two hybridizations (sequential mode). Based on statistical independence, calculation of the expected number of false positives as a function of threshold showed that a detection limit of |log(2)R| >0.65 with agreement from three replicates could be used to identify up- or down-modulated genes. Using this quantitative criteria, gene expression differences between two related T lymphoma cell lines, HuT78 and H9, were identified. The relevance of these findings to the known functional differences between these cell types is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pancrazio, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 39 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JUL PY 2002 VL 18 IS 7 BP 953 EP 960 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/18.7.953 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 574VW UT WOS:000176911100008 PM 12117793 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, VM TI Hartree-Fock study of near-edge gap states in CaF2 with Na+, Cl- or Sr2+ impurities SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron density of states calculations; halides; stoichiometry and homogeneity; ultraviolet spectroscopy ID ALKALINE-EARTH FLUORIDES; 157 NM LITHOGRAPHY; AB-INITIO; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; EXCITONIC PROCESSES; CAF2(111) SURFACES; IONIC-CRYSTALS; BAND-STRUCTURE; LASER DAMAGE; DOPED CAF2 AB The energy of formation and electronic structure of Na+, Cl- and Sr2+ impurity centers in CaF2 have been computed using ab initio Hartree-Fock theory and the supercell approach. The work extends and complements recent results [Solid State Commun. 118 (2001) 569] for Mg2+ as a substitutional impurity in CaF2. For Na+ substituting for Ca2+ [S(Na)], charge compensation by an F- vacancy [V(F)] or by a second, interstitial Na+ [I(Na)] are both considered. In all cases, geometry optimization is done by relaxing the positions of nearest- and next-nearest-neighbors to minimize the total energy. After correction for electron correlation, the energies of formation increase in the order Mg2+ < Sr2+ < Cl- < S(Na) + I(Na) < S(Na) + V(F), and the Na+ results are in agreement with previous Mott-Littleton formation energies. Ion charges, charge density maps and Mulliken bond populations are obtained to show the nature of bonding in the vicinity of the defect. Na+ leads to states just above the CaF2 valence band maximum (VBM), and Na+ (and also Mg2+) produce states just below the conduction band minimum. The results are in qualitative agreement with available optical data for Na+ and Mg2+ impurity effects on CaF2 near-edge absorption but show that gap states are important in addition to perturbed excitons. A Cl- impurity yields a narrow band of states above the VBM which may significantly affect the deep-ultraviolet transmission of CaF2, Sr2+ does not appear to produce states in the CaF2 gap. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6862,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 24 IS 4 BP 501 EP 512 AR PII S0927-0256(02)00217-3 DI 10.1016/S0927-0256(02)00217-3 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 576ZW UT WOS:000177037900008 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E TI Oxide networks, graph theory, and the passivity of binary alloys SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE passivity; binary alloy; oxide network; graph theory ID CORROSION BEHAVIOR; FILMS; ALUMINUM; IRON; AL; ESCA AB The passivity of a binary alloy is considered in terms of a network of -M-O-M- bridges in the oxide film. where M is the component of the binary alloy which produces passivity. The structure of the oxide is represented by a mathematical graph, and graph theory is used to calculate the connectivity of the oxide, given by the product of the number of edges in the graph and the Randic index. A stochastic calculation is employed to insert ions of the second metal into the oxide film so as to disrupt the connectivity of the -M-O-M- network. This disruption occurs at a critical ionic concentration of the oxide film, which is then related to the concentration of alloying element in the metal alloy by means of experimental surface analysis data. The results of this analysis for Co-Cr and Al-Cr binary alloys are in good agreement with experimental observations. Earlier calculations for Ni-Cr and Fe-Si binary alloys are revised slightly. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1393 EP 1409 AR PII S0010-938X(01)00172-X DI 10.1016/S0010-938X(01)00172-X PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 542KL UT WOS:000175042600001 ER PT J AU Chesi, M Bergsagel, PL Kuehl, WM AF Chesi, M Bergsagel, PL Kuehl, WM TI The enigma of ectopic expression of FGFR3 in multiple myeloma: a critical initiating event or just a target for mutational activation during tumor progression SO CURRENT OPINION IN HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIBROBLAST-GROWTH-FACTOR; T(4-14)(P16.3-Q32) CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; FACTOR RECEPTOR-3; K-RAS; UNDETERMINED SIGNIFICANCE; MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY; PROTEIN-KINASE; GENE-MUTATIONS; N-RAS AB The t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) translocation that occurs uniquely in a subset of multiple myeloma tumors results in ectopic expression of wild-type FGFR3 and enhanced expression of MMSET, a gene that is homologous to the MLL gene that is involved in acute myeloid leukemias. Wild-type FGFR3 appears to be weakly transforming in a hematopoietic murine model, whereas FGFR3 that contains kinase-activating mutations is strongly transforming in NIH3T3 cells and the hematopoietic model. The subsequent acquisition of FGFR3 kinase-activating mutations in some tumors with t(4;14) translocations confirms a role for FGFR3 in tumor progression. However, it remains to be proven if and how dysiregulation of FGFR3 or MMSET mediates an early oncogenic process in multiple myeloma. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY USA. NCI, Canc Res Ctr, Genet Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Kuehl, WM (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Genet Branch, Bldg 8,Room 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RI Bergsagel, Peter/A-7842-2011 OI Bergsagel, Peter/0000-0003-1523-7388 FU NCI NIH HHS [K01-CA74265] NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1065-6251 J9 CURR OPIN HEMATOL JI Curr. Opin. Hematol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 9 IS 4 BP 288 EP 293 DI 10.1097/00062752-200207000-00005 PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 573FQ UT WOS:000176819000005 PM 12042702 ER PT J AU Lundqvist, ML Kohlberg, KE Gefroh, HA Arnaud, P Middleton, DL Romano, TA Warr, GW AF Lundqvist, ML Kohlberg, KE Gefroh, HA Arnaud, P Middleton, DL Romano, TA Warr, GW TI Cloning of the IgM heavy chain of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), and initial analysis of VH gene usage SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE marine mammal; IgM; VH; CART; motif; dolphin ID WHALE DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; NOSED-DOLPHIN; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SEQUENCE VARIATION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; REPERTOIRE; CDNA; INTERLEUKIN-6; TRANSCRIPTS; FAMILY AB Clones encoding the dolphin IgM heavy (MU) chain gene were isolated from a cDNA library of peripheral blood leukocytes. Genomic Southern blot analyses showed that the dolphin IGHM gene is most likely present in a single copy, and its sequence shows greatest similarity to those of the IGHM gene of the sheep. pig and cow. evolutionarily related artiodactyls. The transmembrane (TM) form of the IGHM chain was isolated by 3' RACE. While showing similarities to the TM regions of other mammalian IGHM chains, the highly conserved Ser residue of the CART motif is substituted with a Gly in the dolphin. In contrast to the pig and cow. which utilize only a single VH family, the dolphin expresses at least two distinct VH families, belonging to the mammalian VH clans I and III. At least two JH genes were identified in the dolphin. Some CDR3 regions of the dolphin VH are long (up to 21 amino acids), and contain multiple Cys residues. hypothesized to stabilize the CDR3 structure through disulfide bond formation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Univ Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Program Marine Biomed & Enviornm Sci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Warr, GW (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 173 Ashley Ave,POB 250509, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 26 IS 6 BP 551 EP 562 AR PII S0145-305X(02)00008-3 DI 10.1016/S0145-305X(02)00008-3 PG 12 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 570PQ UT WOS:000176667000006 PM 12031415 ER PT J AU Whittington, AE AF Whittington, AE TI The visually impaired specialty diabetes educator: Seeing is believing SO DIABETES EDUCATOR LA English DT Article RP Whittington, AE (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Hlth Promot Dept, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DIABETES EDUCATORS PI CHICAGO PA STE 1240, 444 NORTH MICHIGAN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611-3901 USA SN 0145-7217 J9 DIABETES EDUCATOR JI Diabetes Educ. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 28 IS 4 BP 527 EP 528 DI 10.1177/014572170202800405 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 578MA UT WOS:000177120300004 PM 12224191 ER PT J AU Tucker, JB Papanicolaou, N Rao, MV Holland, OW AF Tucker, JB Papanicolaou, N Rao, MV Holland, OW TI Fully ion implanted MESFETs in bulk semi-insulating 4H-SiC SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE SiC; MESFET; ion-implantation; annealing ID POWER AB MESFETs (n-channel) were fabricated in semi-insulating bulk 4H-SiC by ion implantation of both the source/drain and the channel regions, using an aluminum Schottky gate metal and nickel ohmic contacts. Nitrogen ion implantation was performed at room temperature to a depth of 300 nm at a volumetric concentration of 6x10(17) cm(-3) for the channel region and 2x10(19) cm(-3) for the source/drain. The implants were activated by annealing at 1450 degreesC for 15 min using, an AlN encapsulant. The bulk mobility of the channel implant was found to be 240 cm(2)/V s, while the effective channel mobility of the devices was measured to be less than 58 cm(2)/V s. For a typical device with a 22-mum gate length, the pinch-off voltage was 18 V, and the drain saturation current was approximately 40 mA. Devices exhibited. only a small change in their DC characteristics over the temperature range 25-350 degreesC. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, MV (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 11 IS 7 BP 1344 EP 1348 AR PII S0925-9635(01)00746-4 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(01)00746-4 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 562VC UT WOS:000176218800004 ER PT J AU Muccino, JC Bennett, AF AF Muccino, JC Bennett, AF TI Generalized inversion of the Korteweg-de Vries equation SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article DE KdV; generalized inversion; data assimilation; solitons; solitary internal waves ID SOLITARY INTERNAL WAVES; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; WEATHER PREDICTION MODEL; ALTIMETER DATA; OCEAN; SOLITONS; SHELF; TIDE; SEA; IMPLEMENTATION AB A generalized inverse is presented for the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, an initial condition and data from synthetic but realistic solitary internal waves. The synthetic data are statistically consistent with hypothesized levels of error in the KdV equation, initial condition and observing system. The observing system consists of point-wise measurements of the pycnocline displacement, either at fixed locations or from a ship drifting in the soliton current. These synthetic inversions are designed using the environmental conditions and disturbances observed by Pinkel [J. Phys. Oceanogr. 30 (2000) 2906]. The inverse solution is found by minimizing a quadratic cost functional, which yields a weighted least-squares best-fit to the KdV equation, the initial condition and the data. The weight for each squared residual is derived from its hypothesized covariance. The minimal value of the least-squares estimator (or cost function) is the test statistic for the error hypotheses and is shown here to be a reliable indicator of grossly incorrect hypotheses. In particular, it will be shown that even with just a single ship survey, the method does lead to decisive tests of hypotheses concerning the level of error in the model. Also, neglect of ship drift is found to be less deleterious to the inversion than is neglect of error in the KdV dynamics. The inverse is calculated by the iterated, direct representer algorithm [Ocean Model. 3 (2001) 137], which is readily extended to include parameter estimation. Significant skill is found for estimating the linear phase speed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN, Res Sci Unit, Fleet Numer Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Muccino, JC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 71 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 3 BP 227 EP 263 AR PII S0377-0265(02)00003-9 DI 10.1016/S0377-0265(02)00003-9 PG 37 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 586TT UT WOS:000177601800002 ER PT J AU Chapman, NR Gettrust, JF Walia, R Hannay, D Spence, GD Wood, WT Hyndman, RD AF Chapman, NR Gettrust, JF Walia, R Hannay, D Spence, GD Wood, WT Hyndman, RD TI High-resolution, deep-towed, multichannel seismic survey of deep-sea gas hydrates off western Canada SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOTTOM-SIMULATING REFLECTORS; CASCADIA ACCRETIONARY PRISM; WAVE-FORM INVERSION; METHANE HYDRATE; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; SUBDUCTION ZONE; FLUID EXPULSION; SEDIMENTS; VELOCITY; MARGIN AB A multichannel seismic survey was carried out using the high-resolution deep-towed acoustics/geophysics system (DTAGS) to image the structure of deep-sea gas hydrates on the continental slope off Vancouver Island and to determine the velocity profile of the hydrated sediments. The high-frequency DTAGS data provide the means to estimate the frequency response of the bottom simulating reflector (BSR) that defines the base of the hydrate stability field in these sediments, over a broad frequency band from 15 to 650 Hz. The DTAGS sections resolved fine-scale layering as thin as a few meters within the hydrated zone and below the BSR, and they revealed small-scale faults and vertically oriented zones of very low acoustic reflectivity that may represent channels for upward migration of fluids or gas. Interval velocities determined from the DTAGS data indicate uniformly low values of about 1500 m/s to depths of 100 In below sea floor (mbsf), increasing to about 1850 m/s at the BSR (250 mbsf). The reflection from the BSR that is normally well defined in conventional low-frequency seismic surveys is at least twenty times weaker at the high DTAGS frequencies. The reflection coefficient-versus-frequency data support a new model for the velocity profile at the BSR that consists of a thin, 4-8-m layer at the BSR in which the velocity decreases by 250 m/s. The thin transition layer at the BSR implies relatively high methane flux rates of at least 1.5 mm/year. C1 Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39526 USA. Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Chapman, NR (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, E-Hut 112,3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. EM chapman@uvic.ca NR 28 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 11 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 67 IS 4 BP 1038 EP 1047 DI 10.1190/1.1500364 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 584QY UT WOS:000177480500003 ER PT J AU Chalfin, S D'Andrea, JA Comeau, PD Belt, ME Hatcher, DJ AF Chalfin, S D'Andrea, JA Comeau, PD Belt, ME Hatcher, DJ TI Millimeter wave absorption in the nonhuman primate eye at 35 GHz and 94 GHz SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; microwaves; radiation damage; radiation; nonionizing ID MICROWAVES; EXPOSURE AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate anterior segment bioeffects of pulsed 35 GHz and 94 GHz microwave exposure in the nonhuman primate eye. Five juvenile rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) underwent baseline anterior segment ocular assessment consisting of slit lamp examination, corneal topography, specular microscopy, and pachymetry. These studies were repeated after exposure of one eye to pulsed 35 GHz or 94 GHz microwaves at varied fluences, with the other eye serving as a control. The mean fluence required to produce a threshold corneal lesion (faint epithelial edema and fluorescein staining) was 7.5 J cm(-2) at 35 GHz and 5 J cm(-2) at 94 GHz. Transient changes in corneal topography and pachymetry were noted at these fluences. Endothelial cell counts remained unchanged. Threshold corneal injury from 35 GHz and 94 GHz microwave exposure is produced at fluences below those previously reported for CO2 laser radiation. These data may help elucidate the mechanism of thermal injury to the cornea, and resolve discrepancies between IEEE C95.1 (1999), NCRP (1986), and ICNIRP (1998) safety standards for exposure to non-ionizing radiation at millimeter wavelengths. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Chalfin, S (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM chalfin@uthscsa.edu NR 21 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 83 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1097/00004032-200207000-00009 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 564CV UT WOS:000176298200009 PM 12075687 ER PT J AU Rowe, NC AF Rowe, NC TI Marie-4: A high-recall, self-improving Web crawler that finds images using captions SO IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID WORLD-WIDE-WEB; RETRIEVAL; PHOTOGRAPHS; TEXT C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rowe, NC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code CS-Rp,833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1094-7167 J9 IEEE INTELL SYST JI IEEE Intell. Syst. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 17 IS 4 BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.1109/MIS.2002.1024745 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 578JZ UT WOS:000177115200004 ER PT J AU Thorsos, EI Richardson, MD AF Thorsos, EI Richardson, MD TI Special issue on high-frequency sediment acoustics - Guest editorial SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material ID SAX99 C1 Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Thorsos, EI (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 341 EP 345 AR PII S0364-9059(02)06486-5 DI 10.1109/JOE.2002.1040922 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 606WT UT WOS:000178758200001 ER PT J AU Williams, KL Jackson, DR Thorsos, EI Tang, DJ Briggs, KB AF Williams, KL Jackson, DR Thorsos, EI Tang, DJ Briggs, KB TI Acoustic backscattering experiments in a well characterized sand sediment: Data/model comparisons using sediment fluid and Biot models SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic scattering; backscattering; sediments; sonar scattering ID FREQUENCY BOTTOM BACKSCATTERING; OCEAN BOTTOM; REVERBERATION; SCATTERING; ROUGHNESS; SAX99 AB As part of the sediment acoustics experiment 1999 (SAX99), backscattering from a sand sediment was measured in the 20- to 300-kHz range for incident grazing angles from 10degrees to 40degrees. Measured backscattering strengths are compared to three different scattering models: a fluid model that uses the mass density of the sediment in determining backscattering, a poroelastic model based on Biot theory and an "effective density" fluid model derived from Biot theory. These comparisons rely heavily on the extensive environmental characterization carried out during SAX99. This environmental characterization is most complete at spatial scales relevant to acoustic frequencies from 20 to 50 kHz. Model/data comparisons lead to the conclusions that rough surface scattering is the dominant scattering mechanism in the 20-50-kHz frequency range and that the Biot and effective density fluid models are more accurate than the fluid model in predicting the measured scattering strengths. For 50-150 kHz, rough surface scattering strengths predicted by the Biot and effective density fluid models agree well with the data for grazing angles below the critical angle of the sediment (about 30degrees) but above the critical angle the trends of the models and the data differ. At 300 kHz, data/model comparisons indicate that the dominant scattering mechanism may no longer be rough surface scattering. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Ocean & Fishery Sci, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Williams, KL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Ocean & Fishery Sci, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RI williams, kevin/H-2224-2011 NR 35 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 376 EP 387 AR PII S0364-9059(02)06364-1 DI 10.1109/JOE.2002.1040925 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 606WT UT WOS:000178758200004 ER PT J AU Buckingham, MJ Richardson, MD AF Buckingham, MJ Richardson, MD TI On tone-burst measurements of sound speed and attenuation in sandy marine sediments SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic signal measurement; acoustic velocity measurement; attenuation measurement; sea floor; sediments ID PROPAGATION; SAX99 AB During the Sediment Acoustics Experiment in 1999 (SAX99), the in Situ Sediment geoAcoustic Measurement System (ISSAMS), transmitting tone bursts containing an integer number of cycles, was used to measure the speed and attenuation of compressional waves in a weakly dispersive, medium-sand sediment in the Gulf of Mexico. ISSAMS was deployed at seven stations and operated mostly at a frequency of 38 kHz, but at two of the sites, a succession of pulses was transmitted with frequencies extending from 25 to 100 kHz, in 5-kHz increments, yielding the phase speed, the group speed and the attenuation as a function of frequency. An analysis of a tone-burst transmission in a dispersive medium illustrates that several subtle factors, including the narrow bandwidth of the source, along with dispersion and attenuation in the medium, have the potential for introducing significant errors into travel-time measurements. It is concluded that, in general, the timing is best performed between two receivers rather than between the source and a receiver, the difficulty in the latter case being that the output from a narrow-band source is not a replica of the input. A correlation applied to the arrivals at the two receivers yields the travel time, from which a good approximation to the group speed is immediately available. Alternatively, a Fourier decomposition yields the phase speed as a function of frequency, which would be an advantage in a highly dispersive medium. The two techniques return almost identical wave speeds when applied to the ISSAMS tone-burst data from the weakly dispersive SAX99 sediments: at 38 kHz, the mean wave speed from the six primary stations is 1778 m/s. Attenuation was also estimated from receiver-to-receiver travel paths, using three different techniques: the. ratio of the mean-square values of the arrivals, the ratio of the Fourier magnitudes of the arrivals and transposition. All three methods yield similar results when applied to the SAX99 data, returning a mean attenuation from the six stations of 12 dB/m at 38 kHz, which is comparable with previously reported measurements of attenuation in marine sands. From the broadband measurements, between 25 and 100 kHz, the dispersion-is found to be weak but detectable and the attenuation scales almost linearly with frequency, which corresponds to a nearly constant Q. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Southampton, Inst Sound & Vibrat Res, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Buckingham, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 21 TC 32 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 429 EP 453 AR PII S0364-9059(02)06414-2 DI 10.1109/JOE.2002.1040929 PG 25 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 606WT UT WOS:000178758200008 ER PT J AU Briggs, KB Tang, DJ Williams, KL AF Briggs, KB Tang, DJ Williams, KL TI Characterization of interface roughness of rippled sand off Fort Walton Beach, Florida SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE conductivity; seafloor roughness; sediments ID BOTTOM; SAX99 AB As part of the environmental characterization to model acoustic bottom scattering during the high-frequency sediment acoustics experiment (SAX99), fine-scale sediment roughness of a medium sand was successfully measured within a 600x 600-m area by two methods: stereo photography and a technique using a conductivity system. Areal coverage of the two methods, representing approximately 0.16 m(2) of the sea floor, was comparable, resulting in the depiction and quantification of half-meter wavelength sand ripples. Photogrammetric results were restricted to profiles digitized at 1-mm intervals; sediment conductivity results generated gridded micro-bathymetric measurements with 1- to 2-cm node spacing. Roughness power spectra give similar results in the low-spatial-frequency domains where the spectra estimated from both approaches overlap. However, spectra derived from higher-resolution photogrammetric results appear to exhibit a multiple-power-law fit. Roughness measurements also indicate that spectrum changes as a function of time. Application of statistical confidence bounds on the power spectra indicates that roughness measurements separated by only 1-2 m may be spatially nonstationary. C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Briggs, KB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI williams, kevin/H-2224-2011 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 505 EP 514 AR PII S0364-9059(02)06359-8 DI 10.1109/JOE.2002.1040934 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 606WT UT WOS:000178758200013 ER PT J AU Tang, DJ Briggs, KB Williams, KL Jackson, DR Thorsos, EI Percival, DB AF Tang, DJ Briggs, KB Williams, KL Jackson, DR Thorsos, EI Percival, DB TI Fine-scale volume heterogeneity measurements in sand SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic scattering; seafloor; sediment density; sediment porosity; velocity measurement ID ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; OCEAN BOTTOM; SEA-FLOOR; BACKSCATTERING; ROUGHNESS; SEDIMENTS; SAX99 AB As part of the effort to characterize the acoustic environment during the high frequency sediment acoustics experiment (SAX99), fine-scale variability of sediment density was measured by an in situ technique and by core analysis. The in situ measurement was accomplished by a newly developed instrument that measures sediment conductivity. The conductivity measurements were conducted on a three-dimensional (3-D) grid, hence providing a set of data suited for assessing sediment spatial variability. A 3-D sediment porosity matrix is obtained from the conductivity data through an empirical relationship (Archie's Law). From the porosity matrix, sediment bulk density is estimated from known average grain density. A number of cores were taken at the SAX99 site, and density variations were measured using laboratory techniques. The power spectra were estimated from both techniques and were found to be appropriately fit by a power-law. The exponents of the horizontal one-dimensional (1-D) power-law spectra have a depth-dependence and range from 1.72 to 2.41. The vertical 1-D spectra have the same form, but with an exponent of 2.2. It was found that most of the density variability is within the top 5 mm of the sediment, which suggests that sediment volume variability will not have major impact on acoustic scattering when the sound frequency is below 100 kHz. At higher frequencies, however, sediment volume variability is likely to play an important role in sound scattering. C1 Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Tang, DJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RI williams, kevin/H-2224-2011 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 546 EP 560 AR PII S0364-9059(02)06419-1 DI 10.1109/JOE.2002.1040937 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 606WT UT WOS:000178758200016 ER PT J AU Reed, AH Briggs, KB Lavoie, DL AF Reed, AH Briggs, KB Lavoie, DL TI Porometric properties of siliciclastic marine sand: A comparison of traditional laboratory measurements with image analysis and effective medium modeling SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE permeability; porometry; porosity; porous media ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; RESERVOIR PHYSICS; PORE; PERMEABILITY; POROSITY; SYSTEMS; CONDUCTIVITY; PETROGRAPHY; SEDIMENTS; TRANSPORT AB During the 1999 sediment acoustics experiment (SAX99), porometric properties were measured and predicted for a well sorted, medium sand using standard laboratory geotechnical methods and image analysis of resin-impregnated sediments. Sediment porosity measured by laboratory water-weight-loss methods (0.372 +/- 0.0073 for mean +/-1 standard deviation) is 0.026 lower than determined by microscopic image analysis of resin-impregnated sediments (0.398 +/- 0.029). Values of intrinsic permeability (m(2)) determined from constant-head permeameter measurements (3.29 x 10(-11) +/- 0.60 x 10(-11)) and by microscopic image analysis coupled with effective medium theory modeling (1.78 x 10(-11) +/- 1.01 x 10(-11)) are nearly identical within measurement error. The mean value of tortuosity factor measured from images is 1.49 +/- 0.09, which is in agreement with tortuosity factor-determined from electrical resistivity measurements. Slight heterogeneity and anisotropy are apparent in the top three centimeters of sediment as determined by image-based porometric property measurements. However, the overall similarity for both measured and predicted values of porosity and permeability among and within SAX99 sites indicates sediments are primarily homogeneous and isotropic and pore size distributions are fairly uniform. The results indicate that an effective medium theory technique and two-dimensional image analysis accurately predicts bulk permeability in resin-impregnated sands. C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. US Geol Survey, USGS, Dept Coastal & Maine Geol, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Reed, AH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 581 EP 592 AR PII S0364-9059(02)06421-X DI 10.1109/JOE.2002.1040940 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 606WT UT WOS:000178758200019 ER PT J AU Richardson, MD Williams, KL Briggs, KB Thorsos, EI AF Richardson, MD Williams, KL Briggs, KB Thorsos, EI TI Dynamic measurement of sediment grain compressibility at atmospheric pressure: Acoustic applications SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic propagation; bulk modulus; particle compressibility; sea floor ID WATER-SATURATED SAND; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; CARBONATE SEDIMENTS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SOUND-PROPAGATION; SEISMIC-WAVES; 2-PHASE MEDIA; SHEAR-WAVES; BIOT MODEL; ATTENUATION AB Under certain conditions, Wood's equation can be used to predict sound speed in fluid/solid-grain suspensions if the bulk moduli and densities of the grains and fluid are known. In this paper, that relationship is used to estimate grain-bulk moduli in suspensions where sound speed, fluid density, fluid bulk modulus, grain density, and particle concentrations are known or accurately measured. Measured values of grain-bulk moduli for polystyrene beads suspended in water (mean = 4.15 x 10(9) Pa) and soda-lime glass beads suspended in a "heavy liquid" (mean = 3.8 x 10(10) Pa) are consistent with the values of bulk moduli for polystyrene beads and soda-lime glass beads found in the literature (3.6 to 4.2 x 10(9) Pa and 3.4 to 4.0 x 10(10) Pa, respectively). These measurements thus provide controls, which demonstrate the validity of the suspension technique to estimate values of particle bulk modulus. The values of bulk modulus, measured using the same suspension techniques, for Ottawa sand and quartz sand grains collected from the coastal sediments of the northeast Gulf of Mexico ranged between 3.8 and 4.7 x 10(10) Pa, with 95% confidence limits between 3.0-5.7 x 10(10) Pa. These measured values of bulk modulus are consistent with the range of handbook values for polycrystalline quartz (3.6 to 4.0 x 10(10) Pa). The use of the lower bulk modulus (i.e., 7.0 x 10(9) Pa) recently suggested by Chotiros is therefore inappropriate and traditional handbook values of sediment grain-bulk moduli should be used as inputs for sediment acoustic modeling. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Richardson, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI williams, kevin/H-2224-2011 NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 593 EP 601 AR PII S0364-9059(02)06312-4 DI 10.1109/JOE.2002.1040941 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 606WT UT WOS:000178758200020 ER PT J AU Yao, D Azimi-Sadjadi, MR Jamshidi, AA Dobeck, GJ AF Yao, D Azimi-Sadjadi, MR Jamshidi, AA Dobeck, GJ TI A study of effects of sonar bandwidth for underwater target classification SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE feature extraction; neural networks; target classification; wideband sonar ID NEURAL NETWORKS; MINE DETECTION; RECOGNITION AB The problem of classifying underwater targets is addressed in this paper. The proposed classification system consists of several subsystems including preprocessing, subband decomposition using wavelet packets, linear predictive coding, feature selection and neural network classifier. A multi-aspect fusion system is introduced to further improve the classification accuracy. The classification performance of the overall system is demonstrated and benchmarked on two different acoustic backscattered data sets with 40- and 80-kHz bandwidth. A comprehensive study is then carried out to compare the classification performance using these data sets in terms of the receiver operating curves, error locations, and generalization and robustness on a large set of noisy data. Additionally, the importance of different frequency bands for the wideband 80-kHz data is also investigated. For the wideband data, a subband fusion mechanism is introduced which offers very promising results. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Signal Image Proc Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, NAVSEA Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Yao, D (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Signal Image Proc Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 619 EP 627 AR PII S0364-9059(02)05986-1 DI 10.1109/JOE.2002.1040944 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 606WT UT WOS:000178758200023 ER PT J AU Bishop, GC AF Bishop, GC TI Gavitational field maps and navigational errors SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE inertial navigation; MAP estimation; navigation; position measurement; underwater vehicle control AB It has been proposed to use a priori gravitational field maps to correct navigational errors that tend to accumulate in some navigational systems presently in use on unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs). Two essential elements of such a system are an algorithm to calculate field maps from sparsely and irregularly sampled measured field data and an algorithm to match locally measured field values to an a priori field map. In this paper, a kriging algorithm is used to calculate a variety of field maps from both simulated and measured field data that vary in resolution and in the density of data used to calculate the maps. Then, navigational errors are simulated and a novel map-matching algorithm is used with the various field maps to assess both the utility of the map-matching algorithm and the effect of map resolution and the density of measured data on the accuracy of the navigational solution. It is shown that although the accuracy of the navigational solution depends on the resolution of the field map, the number of local field samples along the UUV path, the location of the UUV path on the field map and the initial navigation errors, that a kriging algorithm may be used with sparse arrays of measured gravitational-field data to calculate field maps with sufficient accuracy and resolution to permit a judicious use of the map matching algorithm to reduce navigation errors. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Bishop, GC (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 3 TC 20 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 726 EP 737 AR PII S0364-9059(02)06306-9 DI 10.1109/JOE.2002.1040954 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 606WT UT WOS:000178758200032 ER PT J AU Willett, P Ruan, YH Streit, R AF Willett, P Ruan, YH Streit, R TI PMHT: Problems and some solutions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID TRACKING AB The probabilistic multihypothesis tracker (PMHT) is a target tracking algorithm of considerable theoretical elegance. In practice, its performance turns out to be at best similar to that of the probabilistic data association filter (PDAF); and since the implementation of the PDAF is less intense numerically the PMHT has been having a hard time finding acceptance. The PMHT's problems of nonadaptivity, narcissism, and over-hospitality to clutter are elicited in this work. The PMHT's main selling-point is its flexible and easily modifiable model, which we use to develop the "homothetic", PMHT; maneuver-based PMHTs, including those with separate and joint homothetic measurement models; a modified PMHT whose measurement/target association model is more similar to that of the PDAF; and PMHTs with eccentric and/or estimated measurement models. Ideally, "bottom line" would be a version of the PMHT with clear advantages over existing trackers. If the goal is of an accurate (in terms of mean square error (MSE)) track, then there are a number of versions for which this is available. In terms of lost tracks there is no clearly preferable PMHT, although several variants (e.g. convergence-aided via measurement-variance inflation, maneuvering, and homothetic) offer performance similar to that of the PDAF; also, in very adverse tracking situations, the PMHT is preferable. We further hope that our demonstration of the facility by which a new model "idea" is turned into a working algorithm is encouraging to other researchers. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Willett, P (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Rm 312 Eng III,U157,260 Glenbrook Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 23 TC 91 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 38 IS 3 BP 738 EP 754 DI 10.1109/TAES.2002.1039396 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 597AJ UT WOS:000178199400001 ER PT J AU Gerlach, K AF Gerlach, K TI Outlier resistant adaptive matched filtering SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; COVARIANCE-MATRIX; SUBSPACE TRACKING; INTERFERENCE; ARRAYS AB Robust adaptive matched filtering (AMF) whereby outlier data vectors are censored from the covariance matrix estimate is considered in a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) setting. It is known that outlier data vectors whose steering vector is highly correlated with the desired steering vector, can significantly degrade the performance of AMF algorithms such as sample matrix inversion (SMI) or fast maximum likelihood (FML). Four new algorithms that censor outliers are presented which are derived via approximation to the MLE solution. Two algorithms each are related to using the SMI or the FML to estimate the unknown underlying covariance matrix. Results are presented using computer simulations which demonstrate the relative effectiveness of the four algorithms versus each other and also versus the SMI and FML algorithms in the presence of outliers and no outliers. It is shown that one of the censoring algorithms, called the reiterative censored fast maximum likelihood (CFML) technique is significantly superior to the other three censoring methods in stressful outlier scenarios. In fact, its convergence performance in the presence of outliers for simulated examples is almost the same as the FML in the presence of no outlier data, i.e., approximately the same number of data vectors for the FML (with no outliers) and reiterative CFML (with outliers, deducting the number of censored vectors) is required to achieve the same normalized average output signal-to-interference (SIR) power ratio. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gerlach, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5341,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gerlach@radar.nri.navy.mil NR 27 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 38 IS 3 BP 885 EP 901 DI 10.1109/TAES.2002.1039406 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 597AJ UT WOS:000178199400011 ER PT J AU Wei, PC Han, J Zeidler, JR Ku, WH AF Wei, PC Han, J Zeidler, JR Ku, WH TI Comparative tracking performance of the LMS and RLS algorithms for chirped narrowband signal recovery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE adaptive filters; autoregressive model; least mean square; recursive least squares; tracking ID ADAPTIVE RECOVERY; NOISE AB This paper studies the comparative tracking performance of the recursive least squares (RLS) and least mean square (LMS) algorithms for time-varying inputs, specifically for linearly chirped narrowband input signals in additive white Gaussian noise. It is shown that the structural differences in the implementation of the LMS and RLS weight updates produce regions where the LMS performance exceeds that of the RLS and other regions where the converse occurs. These regions are shown to be a function of the signal bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). LMS is shown to place a notch in the signal band of the mean lag filter, thus reducing the lag error and improving the tracking performance. For the chirped signal, it is shown that this produces smaller tracking error for small SNR. For high SNR, there is a region of signal bandwidth for which RLS will provide lower error than LMS, but even for these high SNR inputs, LMS always provides superior performance for very narrowband signals. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Space & Naval Warfare Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Wei, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 9 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1602 EP 1609 AR PII S1053-587X(02)05640-4 DI 10.1109/TSP.2002.1011201 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 570AD UT WOS:000176634900009 ER PT J AU Janaswamy, R AF Janaswamy, R TI Angle and time of arrival statistics for the Gaussian scatter density model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE angle of arrival; Gaussian scatter density; geometyric scatter models; statistical propagation; time of arrival ID MOBILE RADIO; BASE STATION; PROPAGATION; CHANNEL; SYSTEMS AB Starting from a Gaussian distribution of scatterers around a mobile station, expressions are provided for the probability density function (pdf) in the angle of arrival, the power azimuth spectrum, the pdf in the time of arrival, and the time delay spectrum, all as seen from a base station. Expressions are also provided for some of the quantities of practical interest such as the root-mean-square (rms) angular spread, the rms delay spread, and the spatial cross-correlation function. Results for the Gaussian scatter density model are compared with those for the circular scattering model and the elliptical scattering model as well as with experimental results available for outdoor and indoor environments. Comparison is shown for the pdfs as well as for the power spectra in angle and delay. It is shown that the present model, in contrast to the previous models, produces results that closely agree with experimental results. With an appropriate choice of the standard deviation of the scattering region, the Gaussian density model can be made suitable both for environments with very small angular spreads as well as those with. very large angular spreads. Consequently, the results provided in the paper are applicable to both macrocellular as well as picocellular environments. C1 USN, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Janaswamy, R (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 25 TC 104 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1536-1276 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 1 IS 3 BP 488 EP 497 DI 10.1109/TWC.2002.800547 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 670WL UT WOS:000182432100012 ER PT J AU Bowman, WR Mehay, SL AF Bowman, WR Mehay, SL TI College quality and employee job performance: Evidence from naval officers SO INDUSTRIAL & LABOR RELATIONS REVIEW LA English DT Article ID EARNINGS; PERSONNEL; FIRM AB This study analyzes the effects of college quality and individual academic background on selected job performance measures for officers working in professional and managerial jobs in the U.S. Navy. The study analyzes performance indicators at selected career points for cohorts in two occupational groups. Among staff personnel, who perform mostly administrative and support functions, the authors find that graduates of private schools, regardless of college quality, received better performance appraisals than did other officers. Among line personnel, who perform jobs on ships and submarines and in aviation, graduates of top-rated schools, both public and private, received better appraisals during the early career period. Within both occupational groups, graduates of top-rated private schools were more likely than other officers to be promoted at the up-or-out point. The results are consistent with prior studies that find an earnings premium attached to attendance at elite private colleges. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Bowman, WR (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDUSTRIAL LABOR RELAT REV PI ITHACA PA CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY 14851-0952 USA SN 0019-7939 J9 IND LABOR RELAT REV JI Ind. Labor Relat. Rev. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 55 IS 4 BP 700 EP 714 DI 10.2307/3270630 PG 15 WC Industrial Relations & Labor SC Business & Economics GA 577TX UT WOS:000177079000008 ER PT J AU Caro-Aguilar, I Rodriguez, A Calvo-Calle, JM Guzman, F De la Vega, P Patarroyo, ME Galinski, MR Moreno, A AF Caro-Aguilar, I Rodriguez, A Calvo-Calle, JM Guzman, F De la Vega, P Patarroyo, ME Galinski, MR Moreno, A TI Plasmodium vivax promiscuous T-Helper epitopes defined and evaluated as linear peptide chimera immunogens SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; FALCIPARUM CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MULTIPLE ANTIGEN PEPTIDE; SEMLIKI-FOREST-VIRUS; MALARIA VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; B-CELL EPITOPES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; BINDING-SPECIFICITY; REPETITIVE EPITOPE; SYNTHETIC VACCINE AB Clinical trials of malaria vaccines have confirmed that parasite-derived T-cell epitopes are required to elicit consistent and long-lasting immune responses. We report here the identification and functional characterization of six T-cell epitopes that are present in the merozoite surface protein-1 of Plasmodium vivax (PvMSP-1) and bind promiscuously to four different HLA-DRBI* alleles. Each of these peptides induced lymphoproliferative responses in cells from individuals with previous P. vivax infections. Furthermore, linear-peptide chimeras containing the promiscuous PvMSP-1 T-cell epitopes, synthesized in tandem with the Plasmodium falciparum immunodominant circumsporozoite protein (CSP) B-cell epitope, induced high specific antibody titers, cytokine production, long-lasting immune responses, and immunoglobulin G isotype class switching in BALB/c mice. A linear-peptide chimera containing an allele-restricted P. falciparum T-cell epitope with the CSP B-cell epitope was not effective. Two out of the six promiscuous T-cell epitopes exhibiting the highest anti-peptide response also contain B-cell epitopes. Antisera generated against these B-cell epitopes recognize P. vivax merozoites in immunofluoreseence assays. Importantly, the anti-peptide antibodies generated to the CSP B-cell epitope inhibited the invasion of P.falciparum sporozoites into human hepatocytes. These data and the simplicity of design of the chimeric constructs highlight the potential of multimeric, multistage, and multi-species linear-peptide chimeras containing parasite promiscuous T-cell epitopes for malaria vaccine development. C1 Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. FIDIC, Bogota, Colombia. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med & Mol Parasitol, New York, NY USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Moreno, A (reprint author), Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Res Ctr, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P51 RR000165, 5 P51 RR00165-40]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI24710-15, R01 AI024710] NR 69 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 70 IS 7 BP 3479 EP 3492 DI 10.1128/IAI.07.7.3479-3492.2002 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 564ET UT WOS:000176302600021 PM 12065487 ER PT J AU Sedegah, M Brice, GT Rogers, WO Doolan, DL Charoenvit, Y Jones, TR Majam, VF Belmonte, A Lu, M Belmonte, M Carucci, DJ Hoffman, SL AF Sedegah, M Brice, GT Rogers, WO Doolan, DL Charoenvit, Y Jones, TR Majam, VF Belmonte, A Lu, M Belmonte, M Carucci, DJ Hoffman, SL TI Persistence of protective immunity to malaria induced by DNA priming and poxvirus boosting: Characterization of effector and memory CD8(+)-T-cell populations SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-YOELII SPOROZOITES; CD8(+) T-CELLS; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; PLASMID DNA; VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION; INTERFERON; EFFICACY; ANTIGEN AB The persistence of immunity to malaria induced in mice by a heterologous DNA priming and poxvirus boosting regimen was characterized. Mice were immunized by priming with DNA vaccine plasmids encoding the Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein (PyCSP) and murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and boosting with recombinant vaccinia encoding P`yCSP. BALB/c mice immunized with either high-dose (100 mug of p PyCSP plus 30 mug of pGM-CSF) or low-dose (1 jig of p P CSP plus 1 mug of pGM-CSF DNA) priming were protected against challenge with 50 P. yoelii sporozoites. Protection 2 weeks after immunization was 70 to 100%, persisted at this level for at least 20 weeks, and declined to 30 to 40% by 28 weeks. Eight of eight mice protected at 20 weeks were still protected when rechallenged at 40 weeks. The antigen (Ag)-specific effector CD8(+)-T-cell population present 2 weeks after boosting had ex vivo Ag-specific cytolytic activity, expressed both gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and constituted 12 to 20% of splenic CD8(+) T cells. In contrast, the memory CD8(+)-Ag-specific-cell population at 28 weeks lacked cytolytic activity and constituted only 6% of splenic CD8(+) T cells, but at the single-cell level it produced significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma than the effectors. High levels of Ag- or parasite-specific antibodies present 2 weeks after boosting had declined three- to sevenfold by 28 weeks. Low-dose priming was similarly immunogenic and as protective as high-dose priming against a 50-, but not a 250-, sporozoite challenge. These results demonstrate that a heterologous priming and boosting vaccination can provide lasting protection against malaria in this model system. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Sedegah, M (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Belmonte, Maria/A-8032-2011; Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 21 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 70 IS 7 BP 3493 EP 3499 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.7.3493-3499.2002 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 564ET UT WOS:000176302600022 PM 12065488 ER PT J AU Rusk, DT Lin, KY Swartz, DD Ridgeway, GK AF Rusk, DT Lin, KY Swartz, DD Ridgeway, GK TI Bayesian updating of damage size probabilities for aircraft structural life-cycle management SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 42nd Structures Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB A statistical approach to estimating the probabilistic distribution of composite damage sizes using aircraft service inspection data has been investigated. Bayesian updating methods were implemented to revise baseline composite damage size distributions using damage size data from the Federal Aviation Administration's Service Difficulty Reporting System. Updating was performed on the Boeing 757 and 767 wing composite trailing-edge devices, elevators and rudders, with the results demonstrating that the assumed baseline damage size estimates are conservative in nearly all cases. Component failure probabilities were recalculated using the updated damage size distributions, and these results show an overall improvement in reliability for the damage mechanisms analyzed. The results of the analysis demonstrate that an inspection and maintenance program that reports damage characteristics can be used to monitor the reliability of damage tolerant structures on a quantitative statistical basis. Recommendations are also made for improving current inspection data reporting systems, which would enhance the ability to gather detailed information on the characteristics of each structural damage event. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Struct Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FAA, Seattle Mfg Inspect Dist Off, Renton, WA 98055 USA. RAND Corp, Stat Grp, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. RP Rusk, DT (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Struct Div, Code 4-3-3-1,Bldg 2187,Suite 2340A,48110 Shaw Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. OI Ridgeway, Greg/0000-0001-6911-0804 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 BP 689 EP 696 DI 10.2514/2.2983 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 582AU UT WOS:000177328200020 ER PT J AU Stout, PR Horn, CK Klette, KL AF Stout, PR Horn, CK Klette, KL TI Rapid simultaneous determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine in urine by solid-phase extraction and GC-MS: A method optimized for high-volume laboratories SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MDMA; DERIVATIZATION; QUANTITATION; ARTIFACT; MDA C1 USN, Drug Screening Lab, Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Stout, PR (reprint author), USN, Drug Screening Lab, Air Stn, POB 113,Bldg H-2033, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 16 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 26 IS 5 BP 253 EP 261 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 579HD UT WOS:000177171800002 PM 12166811 ER PT J AU Grose, AME Smith, EA Chung, HS Ou, ML Sohn, BJ Turk, FJ AF Grose, AME Smith, EA Chung, HS Ou, ML Sohn, BJ Turk, FJ TI Possibilities and limitations for quantitative precipitation forecasts using nowcasting methods with infrared geosynchronous satellite imagery SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SENSOR MICROWAVE IMAGER; TROPICAL CYCLONE; RAIN RATE; CLOUD; WINDS; OPERATIONS; RETRIEVAL; PROJECT; RADAR AB A rainfall nowcasting system is developed that identifies locations of raining clouds on consecutive infrared geosynchronous satellite images while predicting the movement of the rain cells for up to 10 h using cloud-motion-based winds. As part of the analysis, the strengths and weaknesses of various kinds of cloud wind filtering schemes and both steady and nonsteady storm advection techniques as forecast operators for quantitative precipitation forecasting are evaluated. The first part of the study addresses the development of a probability matching method (PMM) between histograms of equivalent blackbody temperatures (EBBTs) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I)- derived rain rates (RRs), which enables estimating RRs from instantaneous infrared imagery and allows for RR forecasts from the predicted EBBT fields. The second part of the study addresses the development and testing of the nowcasting system built upon the PMM capability and analyzes its success according to various skill score metrics. Key processes involved in the nowcasting system include the retrieved cloud-motion wind field, the filtered cloud-motion wind field, and the forecasting of a future rain field by storm advection and EBBT tendencies. These processes allow for the short-term forecasting of cloud and rain locations and of rain intensity, using PMM-based RRs from different datasets of infrared Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imagery. For this study, three convective rain sequences from the Caribbean basin, the Amazon basin, and the Korean peninsula are analyzed. The final part of the study addresses the decay of forecast accuracy with time (i.e., the point at which the asymptotic limit on forecast skill is reached). This analysis indicates that the nowcasting system can produce useful rainfall forecast information out to approximately 6 h. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Korean Meteorol Adm, Meteorol Res Inst, Seoul, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP Smith, EA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 912-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 41 IS 7 BP 763 EP 785 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0763:PALFQP>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 559KM UT WOS:000176025400007 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Kim, H AF Qadri, SB Kim, H TI Synthesis of bulk In2O3-Sc2O3 and their transparent conducting oxide films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; THIN-FILMS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; IN2O3-ZRO2; SCANDIA AB Bulk In2O3-Sc2O3 alloys were synthesized in a cubic phase (space group Ia3) with Sc2O3 content varying between 0 and 30 wt %. The lattice parameters of these alloys showed a linear dependence on the composition. Films were deposited on glass substrates at a temperature of 250 degreesC in an oxygen pressure of 10 mTorr using a pulsed laser deposition technique. Films with Sc2O3 composition varying between 0 and 10 weight percent show resistivities varying between 1.85x10(-3) and 2.18x10(-1) Omega cm, while their optical transparencies were more than 80% for wavelengths between 400 and 900 nm. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 227 EP 229 DI 10.1063/1.1479466 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 564LA UT WOS:000176314800037 ER PT J AU Piquette, JC McLaughlin, EA Ren, W Mukherjee, BK AF Piquette, JC McLaughlin, EA Ren, W Mukherjee, BK TI Generalized Weiss molecular-field basis for a phenomenological polarization model of lead magnesium niobate SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS; HYSTERESIS; PMN AB A simple physical picture, useful for extended applications of a well-demonstrated phenomenological polarization model [J. C. Piquette and S. E. Forsythe, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101, 289 (1997)] is presented. The Weiss model of interacting dipoles (orginally suggested by Weiss for magnetic dipoles but applied here to electric dipoles) is generalized for high field levels. The generalization permits the model to describe the polarization measurements well, across a significant temperature range extending well below T-max, for applied electric field levels as high as 1.35 MV/m. The measurements reported here were acquired from various polycrystalline samples of lead magnesium niobate (PMN) in a solid solution with lead titanate (PT) doped with lanthanum (La), having T-max values ranging from -11 to +41 degreesC. Agreement between theory and data is good. (The overall rms error of fit is less than 0.5% in all cases considered.) The new model, when combined with a suitable model of hysteresis, is useful for describing and controlling the behavior of PMN, which is a material that is useful in actuator and transducer applications where a relatively large strain is desired. The theory, in its present form, does not account for relaxor (frequency-dependent) aspects of the material behavior, and is applied here only to data acquired quasistatically. Moreover, only the case in which no external stress is applied to the material is considered. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Royal Mil Coll Canada, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada. RP Piquette, JC (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 438 EP 443 DI 10.1063/1.1482429 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 564LA UT WOS:000176314800069 ER PT J AU Croft, M Zakharchenko, I Zhong, Z Gurlak, Y Hastings, J Hu, J Holtz, R DaSilva, M Tsakalakos, T AF Croft, M Zakharchenko, I Zhong, Z Gurlak, Y Hastings, J Hu, J Holtz, R DaSilva, M Tsakalakos, T TI Strain field and scattered intensity profiling with energy dispersive x-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; DIFFRACTION; TOMOGRAPHY; GEOMETRY; BEAM AB Two powerful synchrotron x-ray scattering techniques for residual strain depth-profiling and tomography-like scatter-intensity profiling of materials are presented. The techniques utilize energy dispersive x-ray scattering, from a fixed microvolume, with microscanning of the specimen being used to profile its interior. The tomography-like profiles exploit scattering-cross-section variations, and can be contrast enhanced by separately monitoring scattering from different crystal structures. The strain profiling technique is shown to finely chronicle the internal strain variation over several mm of steel. Detailed strain profiling for a cantilever spring demonstrates the interplay of residual and external stresses in elastic/plastic deformation. Since surface compression, by shot peening, is a classic method to fortify against fatigue failure, the strain profile for a shot-peened, surface-toughened material is determined and discussed in terms of a simple elastic-plastic stress/strain model. Finally the lattice strains in a WC/Co coated steel composite material are discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ceram, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Croft, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 578 EP 586 DI 10.1063/1.1483373 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 564LA UT WOS:000176314800091 ER PT J AU Diehl, SF Budd, JW Ullman, D Cayula, JF AF Diehl, SF Budd, JW Ullman, D Cayula, JF TI Geographic window sizes applied to remote sensing sea surface temperature front detection SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EDGE-DETECTION; SST IMAGES AB The effects of using a geographic window size with an existing edge-detection technique for the detection of thermal fronts in sea surface temperature (SST) imagery are investigated. The size of a geographic window is not constant but instead is determined by the correlation of the data surrounding the window's central point. Using this approach instead of a fixed window size, the investigation windows are optimized for the whole image, providing more reliable detection of edges within the windows. The new algorithm was run on several SST images from southern Lake Michigan and compared to runs of the original algorithm and a modification of the original algorithm optimized for this region. The results show that the geographic window improves edge detection most in the nearshore regions and to a lesser extent in the offshore regions. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Budd, JW (reprint author), Michigan Tech Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, 630 Dow Environm Sci Bldg,1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1105 EP 1113 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<1105:GWSATR>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 564KB UT WOS:000176312600011 ER PT J AU Covey, CDC AF Covey, CDC TI Blast and fragment injuries of the musculoskeletal system SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Review ID CROSS WOUND CLASSIFICATION; PRIMARY SURGICAL-TREATMENT; DELAYED PRIMARY CLOSURE; OPERATION DESERT-STORM; ANTI-PERSONNEL MINES; WAR WOUNDS; RED-CROSS; GULF-WAR; INTERNATIONAL-COMMITTEE; ANTIPERSONNEL MINES AB Blast and fragment injuries of the musculoskeletal system are the most frequently encountered wounds in modern warfare. Most injuries to the musculoskeletal system involve so-called secondary blast injuries in which casing fragments and other debris become flying projectiles. Nonoperative treatment of selected wounds caused by small-fragment debris has been successful but remains controversial. Successful surgical treatment depends on meticulous wound debridement, with excision of nonviable tissue and foreign material likely to cause infection; adequate drainage; and delayed closure, Advanced internal fixation techniques used in modern trauma centers to treat predominantly blunt trauma may not be appropriate for care of orthopaedic war wounds in a field setting. C1 USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Hosp Okinawa, FPO, AP 96362 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Covey, CDC (reprint author), USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Hosp Okinawa, PSC 482,Box 2563, FPO, AP 96362 USA. NR 101 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 84A IS 7 BP 1221 EP 1234 PG 14 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 572KE UT WOS:000176772700022 ER PT J AU Hyun, CB Lee, YR Bemiller, TA AF Hyun, CB Lee, YR Bemiller, TA TI Metastatic peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) masquerading as liver abscess - A case report of liver metastasis in orbital PNET SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE orbital PNET; liver abscess; metastasis ID ADULT; EXPERIENCE; CHILDREN; KIDNEY AB Adult primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the orbit is an extremely rare malignant tumor. We report the case of a 37-year-old woman with PNET metastasis of the liver 3 years after treatment of the primary right intraconal orbital PNET with resection and chemoradiation adjuvant therapy. Literature review revealed eight previous cases of orbital PNET, but this is the first case report of liver metastasis arising from orbital PNET. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Hyun, CB (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0192-0790 J9 J CLIN GASTROENTEROL JI J. Clin. Gastroenterol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 35 IS 1 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1097/01.MCG.0000017261.81884.ED PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 565FL UT WOS:000176358600020 PM 12080235 ER PT J AU Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL Twigg, ME AF Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL Twigg, ME TI Influence of MOVPE growth conditions on carbon and silicon concentrations in GaN SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE decomposition; doping; impurities; metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy; gallium nitride ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; GROUP-III NITRIDES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DENSITY GAN; THIN-FILMS; DECOMPOSITION; IMPURITY; GAAS; TRIMETHYLGALLIUM; DEPOSITION AB Impurity incorporation is studied as a function of metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy growth conditions. The same GaN growth conditions were used initially, resulting in films with approximately the same dislocation density, after which a single growth parameter was varied and the impurity concentrations measured using SIMS. The C concentrations were found to decrease with increasing growth temperature, pressure, and ammonia flow, and to increase with increasing H-2 carrier and trimethylgallium flow. The Si concentrations for both unintentionally doped (UID) and intentionally doped (ID) films increased with increasing growth pressure. The UID and ID Si concentrations varied inversely with the GaN growth rate, suggesting an independent source for UID Si within the reactor. Moreover, the NH3 flow rate influenced the Si-doping concentration, even though the GaN growth rate remained constant. A H-2/NH3 etching mechanism is proposed to explain the growth parameter influence on the observed C and Si concentrations. The reduction in the ID Si concentrations at high NH3 flows is explained by NH3 site blocking, similar to that proposed for increased Ga vacancies at high NH3 flows. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6800, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ddkoles@sandia.gov NR 82 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 5 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUL PY 2002 VL 242 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 69 AR PII S0022-0248(02)01348-9 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(02)01348-9 PG 15 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 571QY UT WOS:000176729400009 ER PT J AU Thompson, BD Wainscott, B AF Thompson, BD Wainscott, B TI Systematic evaluation of US Navy LM2500 gas turbine condition SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY AB From an operational availability stand point, the U.S. Navy is interested in the short term reliability of its ship based LM2500 gas turbine engines. That is the likelihood that an engine trill operate successfully through a six-month deployment (usually 1500 to 2000 operational hours). Frown a maintenance and cost of ownership standpoint both the short-term and long-term reliability are of concern. Long-term reliability is a measure in time (in operating hours) between engine removals. To address these requirements U.S. Navy Fleet support maintenance activities employ a system of tests and evaluations to determine the likelihood that an LM2500 twill meet its short and long-term goals. The lowest level inspection is the predeployment inspection, which attempts to identify primarily mechanical faults with the engine. Gas Turbine Bulletin inspections are used to determine if predefined wear out modes exists. Performance evaluations can be performed which determine the ability of the LM2500 and its control system to meet expected power requirements. Lube oil system data can be analyzed to determine if excessive leakage or excessive scavenge temperatures exist. Engine vibration characteristics can be reviewed to identify the source of both synchronous and nonsynchronous vibration and determine if corrective measures need to be taken. This paper swill discuss how the lowest level inspections feed the more sophisticated analysis and how these inspections and evaluations work to provide a systematic method of insuring both short and long-term LM2500 reliability. C1 USN, Fleet Tech Support Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Thompson, BD (reprint author), USN, Fleet Tech Support Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2002 VL 124 IS 3 BP 580 EP 585 DI 10.1115/1.1451716 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 568CP UT WOS:000176525100019 ER PT J AU Bloom, CM Anch, AM Dyche, JS AF Bloom, CM Anch, AM Dyche, JS TI Behavioral effects of chronic melatonin and pregnenolone injections in a myelin mutant rat (taiep) SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE demyelinating disease; gait; locomotion; melatonin; microtubule; pregnenolone; taiep ID NORMAL LOCOMOTION; OLIGODENDROCYTE; NEUROSTEROIDS AB The taiep (tremor, ataxia, immobility, epilepsy, and paralysis) myelin mutant displays a number of locomotor deficits. Taiep rat gait is characterized by shorter stride and step lengths as well as by larger stride widths. Thirty-day-old taiep mutants were placed under a regimen of daily hormone injections for 60 days. Animals in Condition I received melatonin, those in Condition 2 received pregnenolone sulfate, and those in a third control condition received injections of saline. Following the injections, each taiep mutant's gait was analyzed. The animals that received melatonin and pregnenolone displayed significantly larger stride and step lengths than did the controls. In addition, the animals that received hormones displayed shorter stride widths than did the controls. These experimental effects are consistent with a normalization of gait. Possible cellular mechanisms of this behavioral effect are discussed. C1 St Louis Univ, Dept Psychol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, New London, CT USA. RP Anch, AM (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Psychol, 3511 Laclede Ave, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0022-1309 J9 J GEN PSYCHOL JI J. Gen. Psychol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 129 IS 3 BP 226 EP 237 PG 12 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 589AJ UT WOS:000177735100002 PM 12224808 ER PT J AU Rapp, M Gumbel, J Lubken, FJ Latteck, R AF Rapp, M Gumbel, J Lubken, FJ Latteck, R TI D region electron number density limits for the existence of polar mesosphere summer echoes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE PMSE; D region; mesopause region; charged aerosol particles ID COMMON-VOLUME OBSERVATIONS; INCOHERENT-SCATTER RADAR; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; CHARGED AEROSOLS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MESOPAUSE REGION; DUST PARTICLES; MST RADAR; PMSE; MODEL AB [1] We investigate the dependence of polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) and mesosphere summer echoes (MSE) on the background electron number density. Both a lower and upper limit are quantified below and above which PMSE cannot exist. The result is that PMSE occur for a very wide range of electron number densities between similar to300 - 500/ cm(3) and similar to10(5) /cm(3). A comparison of the diurnal variation of MSE observed at Kuhlungsborn (54degreesN) with current model estimates of the electron number density at midlatitudes shows that at least similar to300 - 500 electrons /cm(3) are necessary for PMSE to exist. This lower limit is consistent with all available electron number density measurements obtained from sounding rockets in the vicinity of PMSE. It is shown that the existence of a lower electron number density limit can be understood in terms of the standard theory of the scattering of VHF waves in the D region. We have then analyzed PMSE observations during the major solar proton event on 14 July 2000. We have estimated the electron number density at PMSE altitudes based on proton and electron flux measurements obtained with detectors on board the GOES-8 and ACE spacecrafts in combination with an ion-chemical model. Comparing the electron number densities at 87 km altitude with the average PMSE signal to noise observations (SNR) we find a significant negative correlation between SNR and the electron number densities for densities on the order of similar to10(5) /cm(3). We propose that this negative correlation is due to a limited amount of aerosol particles: current PMSE theories assume that electron irregularities in the VHF band can only exist if more than similar to50% of the free electrons are bound to aerosol particles which thus reduce the electron diffusivity due to ambipolar forces. If, however, the electron number density increases significantly above the aerosol number density, this condition can no longer be fulfilled. On the other hand, the fact that PMSE is present up to electron number densities of similar to10(5) /cm(3) raises several important questions on our current understanding of aerosol particles around the polar summer mesopause and their role in the creation of PMSE: either many more aerosol particles exist than has been anticipated so far (with corresponding implications for the nucleation of these particles) or our current understanding of the role of aerosol particles in the creation of PMSE is not complete. C1 Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys EV, D-18225 Kuhlungsborn, Germany. Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rapp, M (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys EV, Schlossstr 6, D-18225 Kuhlungsborn, Germany. RI Rapp, Markus/K-6081-2015 NR 68 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 107 IS D14 AR 4187 DI 10.1029/2001JD001323 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 610TQ UT WOS:000178977300042 ER PT J AU Hallock, ZR Marmorino, GO AF Hallock, ZR Marmorino, GO TI Observations of the response of a buoyant estuarine plume to upwelling favorable winds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE front; plume front; river plume; upwelling; wind forcing ID BAY OUTFLOW PLUME; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; RIVER PLUME; SURFACE CURRENTS; CIRCULATION; RADAR; EXCHANGE; FRONTS; SHELF AB [1] The response of the buoyant plume from the Chesapeake Bay to upwelling favorable winds and during conditions of low freshwater discharge is examined using an offshore array of bottom-deployed acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) as well as ancillary data. During periods of northward (upwelling favorable) winds the observed response is strong offshore flow (U > 0.2 m/s) in a shallow layer of plume water and a rapid reversal of the near-surface flow from the usual southward flow associated with inertial turning of the plume. The offshore migration of the plume front is deduced from sequential arrivals at the various mooring locations. The orientation of the plume front is approximately alongshore (north-south), suggesting that the upwelling response is two-dimensional. A plume thickness calculated from the ADCP data is relatively constant at about 4 m as the plume moves across the moorings. The offshore propagation speed of the plume front of about 0.20 m/s matched the advection speed predicted by Ekman theory using the calculated plume layer thickness. The mooring velocity profiles provide a view of the across-plume structure in a reference frame fixed to the front. This reveals a pattern of circulatory motion with sinking of plume and ambient water at the front and an ascending motion occurring inshore, suggesting a recirculation between the seaward and inshore portions of the plume. These results are consistent with recent model simulations of the response of a river plume during upwelling favorable winds. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hallock, ZR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL PY 2002 VL 107 IS C7 AR 3066 DI 10.1029/2000JC000698 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 611AR UT WOS:000178994700020 ER PT J AU Kintner, PM Kil, H Deehr, C Schuck, P AF Kintner, PM Kil, H Deehr, C Schuck, P TI Simultaneous total electron content and all-sky camera measurements of an auroral arc SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE GPS; TEC; auroral arc; positioning error; scintillations ID SCATTER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; F-REGION IRREGULARITIES; WORLDWIDE GPS NETWORK; IONOSPHERIC IRREGULARITIES; PHASE FLUCTUATIONS; JANUARY 10; DENSITY; EVENTS; PRECIPITATION; ENHANCEMENTS AB [1] We present an example of Global Positioning System (GPS) derived total electron content (TEC) and all-sky camera (ASC) images that show increases of TEC by similar to10 x 10(16) electrons m(-2) (10 TEC units) occurring simultaneously with auroral light in ASC images. The TEC example appears to be an E region density enhancement produced by two discrete auroral arcs occurring in the late morning auroral oval at 1000 LT. This suggests that GPS signal TEC measurements can be used to detect individual auroral arcs and that individual discrete auroral arcs are responsible for some high-latitude phase scintillations. The specific auroral feature detected was a poleward moving auroral form believed to occur in the polar cap where the ionosphere is convecting antisunward. The magnitude of the rate of change of TEC (dTEC/dt) is comparable to that previously reported. However, the timescales associated with the event, the order of 1 min, suggest that the data sampling technique commonly used by chain GPS TEC receivers (averaging and time decimation) will undersample E region TEC perturbations produced by active auroral displays. The localized nature of this example implies that L1 ranging errors of at least 1.6 m will be introduced by auroral arcs into systems relying on differential GPS for navigation or augmentation. Although the TEC and auroral arcs presented herein occurred in the late morning auroral oval, we expect that the effects of discrete auroral arcs on GPS TEC and subsequent ranging errors should occur at all local times. Furthermore, GPS receivers can be used to detect individual discrete arcs. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kintner, PM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 302 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RI Kil, Hyosub/C-2577-2016 OI Kil, Hyosub/0000-0001-8288-6236 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 107 IS A7 AR 1127 DI 10.1029/2001JA000110 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 610VQ UT WOS:000178982500023 ER PT J AU Coffey, SL Neal, HL Berry, MM AF Coffey, SL Neal, HL Berry, MM TI Uncorrelated observations processing at naval space command SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB The Naval Space Command (NSC) uses a program called SAD (Search and Determine) to construct satellite orbits from uncorrelated observations. The process involves constructing orbits from pairs of observations that are not associated with a known object. A lot of computer time is required to explore all of the candidate orbits, which can be constructed from the several thousand uncorrelated observations that are maintained. To shorten the run time, a parallel-processing approach was taken. This distributes the processing across multiple computers, which allows significantly more data to be processed than with the previous serial program. This has resulted in a greater number of orbits being discovered than was previously possible, and the run times have been significantly reduced. This revised program is now run in an off-line mode at NSC. It represents the first known parallel-processing application to be used at a Navy Operational Command. The next iteration of the software will come with appropriate database and user-interface modifications to allow its full-scale integration into the operational environment at NSC. C1 USN, Res Lab, Math & Orbit Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coffey, SL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Math & Orbit Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 25 IS 4 BP 676 EP 684 DI 10.2514/2.4962 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 571WP UT WOS:000176742400009 ER PT J AU Ross, IM AF Ross, IM TI Mechanism for precision orbit control with applications to formation keeping SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ross, IM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Code AA-Ro, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 25 IS 4 BP 818 EP 820 DI 10.2514/2.4951 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 571WP UT WOS:000176742400025 ER PT J AU Smolyaninova, VN Lofland, SE Hill, C Budhani, RC Gonen, ZS Eichhorn, BW Greene, RL AF Smolyaninova, VN Lofland, SE Hill, C Budhani, RC Gonen, ZS Eichhorn, BW Greene, RL TI Effect of A-site cation disorder on charge ordering and ferromagnetism of La0.5Ca0.5-yBayMnO3 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE manganites; charge ordering; cation size disorder; phase separation ID MANGANESE OXIDE PEROVSKITES; SIZE MISMATCH; TEMPERATURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; MANGANITES; LA0.5CA0.5MNO3; LA1-XCAXMNO3; INSULATOR; HEAT AB The influence of an increase of average cation radius and cation size disorder on transport and magnetic properties of half-filled La0.5Ca0.5-yBayMnO3 was studied. Despite an increase of , the ferromagnetism is inhibited in this compound due to the dominant effect of the cation size disorder. The charge-ordered antiferromagnetic state of this material was found to be stable to the influence of the cation size disorder. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rowan Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Ctr Mat Res & Educ, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Smolyaninova, VN (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Lofland, Samuel/0000-0002-1024-5103 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 248 IS 2 BP 348 EP 354 AR PII S0304-8853(02)00365-7 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00365-7 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 579RA UT WOS:000177190600024 ER PT J AU Miller, RJ Davey, RB George, JE AF Miller, RJ Davey, RB George, JE TI Modification of the food and agriculture organization larval packet test to measure amitraz-susceptibility against ixodidae SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhipicephalus sanguineus; Boophilus microplus; resistance; amitraz; discriminating dose; southern cattle tick ID ACARI; RESISTANCE AB Modifications of exposure time, substrate, and formulation were made to the Food and Agriculture Organization Larval Packet Test (LPT) to determine a combination suitable for measuring the susceptibility of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) to amitraz. Exposure time influenced the slope of the dose-response when paper was used as a substrate for amitraz. However, time did not influence the dose-response slope when nylon fabric was used as air amitraz substrate. Formulated amitraz produced results with less deviation from the log-probit model than technical amitraz. The combination of formulated amitraz and nylon fabric as a substrate for amitraz produced results that best fit the log-probit model. The modified FAO procedure (formulated amitraz/nylon substrate combination) was used to assay a Brazilian strain of B. microplus and a Panamanian strain of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille). Resistance ratios (95% CI) of 26.3 (25.7-26.9) and 7.3 (5.5-9.9) were calculated for the B. microplus and R. sanguineus strains, respectively. A discriminating dose of 0.03% amitraz was determined for B. microplus. This technique will help to locate amitraz resistant tick populations, provide data for improved control practices, and aid in the discovery of resistance mechanisms through synergist studies and verification of molecular techniques. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Miller, RJ (reprint author), USN, Dis Vector Ecol Control Ctr, 19950 7th Ave NE,Suite 201, Poulsbo, WA 98370 USA. NR 14 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 BP 645 EP 651 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 600CA UT WOS:000178372000014 PM 12144297 ER PT J AU Symonds, CL AF Symonds, CL TI Grant's lieutenants: From Cairo to Vicksburg SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Symonds, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 853 EP 854 DI 10.2307/3093381 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 568CC UT WOS:000176524000027 ER PT J AU Leon, C Rivera, A Varez, A Sanz, J Santamaria, J Moynihan, CT Ngai, KL AF Leon, C Rivera, A Varez, A Sanz, J Santamaria, J Moynihan, CT Ngai, KL TI Crossover of near-constant loss to ion hopping relaxation in ionically conducting materials: experimental evidences and theoretical interpretation SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Dielectric Spectroscopy Conference CY APR 12-15, 2001 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP Minist Sci, Culture & Sport Israel, USN, Off Res Lab, Agilent Technologies, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, Israel Dielectr Soc, Tower Semiconductor Ltd, INTEL, NOVOCONTROL ID NON-ARRHENIUS CONDUCTIVITY; AC CONDUCTIVITY; OXIDE GLASSES; DISORDERED SOLIDS; DYNAMICS; SPECTRA; UNIVERSALITY; BEHAVIOR; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE AB We have investigated the crossover in the ac conductivity of ionic conductors from the linear frequency dependence (near-constant loss) found at low temperatures. to the power law dependence characteristic of ionic hopping at higher temperatures. We have analyzed electrical conductivity measurements of the fast ionic conductor Li0.18La0.61TiO3 in the frequency range 20 Hz-5 MHz. and from room temperature down to 8 K. Our results show the failure of the so-called 'augmented Jonscher's expression' to describe the ac conductivity in the whole frequency and temperature ranges, and give further support to the origin of the near-constant loss in the vibrational relaxation of ions within their cages. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Fis, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Univ Carlos III Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Ingn, Leganes, Spain. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leon, C (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Fis, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; varez, alejandro/F-7038-2014; sanz, jesus/B-2071-2010; Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; varez, alejandro/0000-0002-8606-5520; sanz, jesus/0000-0002-9179-2191; Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686 NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 305 IS 1-3 BP 88 EP 95 AR PII S0022-3093(02)01126-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01126-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 563NC UT WOS:000176261600012 ER PT J AU Dunbar, RP Ries, AM AF Dunbar, RP Ries, AM TI Puerperal diastasis of the pubic symphysis - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pubic symphysis; puerperium; diastasis AB BACKGROUND: Puerperal diastasis of the symphysis pubis is an uncommon intrapartum complication. Patients often respond to conservative measures. A small percentage of patients will develop chronic pain and require surgical treatment, which involves debridement or fusion of the symphysis pubis. CASE:, A 33-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, with an uncomplicated prenatal course developed acute-onset anterior pubic pain during an otherwise normal delivery. This anterior pubic pain radiated to the left buttock and thigh. The pain persisted postpartum and was exacerbated by any movement. Radiographs confirmed pubic symphysis diastasis. The patient responded to conservative management and was essentially pain free by 10 weeks postpartum. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis should be considered in a patient with an acute onset of pain during delivery that does not improve postpartum. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Orthoped Surg, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. USN Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Dunbar, RP (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 47 IS 7 BP 581 EP 583 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 580GX UT WOS:000177227800013 PM 12170537 ER PT J AU Whitmore, SA Naughton, JW AF Whitmore, SA Naughton, JW TI Drag reduction on blunt-based vehicles using forebody surface roughness SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE; RIBLETS AB Results of wind-tunnel tests that demonstrate a novel drag reduction technique for blunt-based vehicles are presented. For these tests, the forebody roughness of a blunt-based model was modified using micromachined surface overlays. As forebody roughness increases, the boundary layer at the model aft thickens and reduces the shearing effect of external flow on the separated flow behind the base region, resulting in reduced base drag. For vehicle configurations with large base drag, existing data predict that a small increment in forebody friction drag will result in a relatively large decrease in base drag. If the added increment in forebody skin drag is optimized with respect to base drag, reducing the total drag of the configuration is possible. The wind-tunnel tests results conclusively demonstrate the existence of a forebody drag-base drag optimal point. The data demonstrate that the base drag coefficient corresponding to the drag minimum lies between 0.225 and 0.275, referenced to the base area. Most important, the data show a drag reduction of approximately 15% when the drag optimum is reached. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Mech Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Whitmore, SA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, 589 Dyer Rd,201C Root Hall, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 BP 596 EP 604 DI 10.2514/2.3849 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 584RA UT WOS:000177480800017 ER PT J AU Wallcraft, AJ AF Wallcraft, AJ TI A comparison of co-array fortran and OpenMP fortran for SPMD programming SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Co-Array; Fortran; OpenMP; SPMD AB Co-Array Fortran, formally called F--, is a small set of extensions to Fortran 90/95 for Single-Program-Multiple-Data (SPMD) parallel processing. OpenMP Fortran is a set of compiler directives that provide a high level interface to threads in Fortran, with both thread-local and thread-shared memory. OpenMP is primarily designed for loop-level directive-based parallelization, but it can also be used for SPMD programs by spawning multiple threads as soon as the program starts and having each thread then execute the same code independently for the duration of the run. The similarities and differences between these two SPMD programming models are described. Co-Array Fortran can be implemented using either threads or processes, and is therefore applicable to a wider range of machine types than OpenMP Fortran. It has also been designed from the ground up to support the SPMD programming style. To simplify the implementation of Co-Array Fortran, a formal Subset is introduced that allows the mapping of co-arrays onto standard Fortran arrays of higher rank. An OpenMP Fortran compiler can be extended to support Subset Co-Array Fortran with relatively little effort. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wallcraft, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8542 J9 J SUPERCOMPUT JI J. Supercomput. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 231 EP 250 DI 10.1023/A:1015322200593 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 547WX UT WOS:000175356700001 ER PT J AU McCool, K Morales, MA Haas, DJ AF McCool, K Morales, MA Haas, DJ TI Neural network based low-airspeed sensor SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A neural network based low-airspeed sensor is developed using flight test data from an SH-60 helicopter specifically collected for this purpose. Inputs to the network are parameters that are typically monitored by a flight data recorder or a health and usage monitoring system. Approximately five percent of the data is utilized for network training. Prediction results indicate that accurate prediction of low airspeed magnitude and direction is possible with a root-mean-square error just under three knots. The neural network based low-airspeed sensor can be utilized in real time to improve situational awareness for pilots or implemented as a non-real-time algorithm for regime recognition in order to improve the assignment of fatigue damage for structural usage monitoring in the low-airspeed flight regime. The neural network based low-airspeed sensor provides a viable and affordable alternative to advanced mechanical low-airspeed sensor systems. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 178 EP 185 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 576GP UT WOS:000176995400004 ER PT J AU Neta, B Lipowski, Y AF Neta, B Lipowski, Y TI A new scheme for trajectory propagation SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; INITIAL-VALUE-PROBLEMS; NUMERICAL-INTEGRATION; MULTISTEP METHODS; STABILIZATION; POLYNOMIALS AB In this paper we develop a new numerical method to integrate the equations of motion of a celestial body. The idea is to replace the differential equation for the fast moving component by an equation for the energy per unit mass. We use a simple first-order explicit method for the approximation of the new system. It is shown that the radial error is much smaller than that of some numerical schemes. It will be of interest to have a more extensive comparison with state-of-the-art methods currently in use for long-term trajectory propagation. The evaluation of energy is also more accurate than in other known schemes. This method also conserves the energy per unit mass in the case of perturbation-free flight. The idea can be extended to higher-order methods and implicit schemes. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Code MA-Nd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 255 EP 268 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 707QW UT WOS:000184522200002 ER PT J AU Smith, RB Skubis, S Doyle, JD Broad, AS Kiemle, C Volkert, H AF Smith, RB Skubis, S Doyle, JD Broad, AS Kiemle, C Volkert, H TI Mountain waves over Mont Blanc: Influence of a stagnant boundary layer SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LINEAR-THEORY; LEE WAVES; AIR-FLOW; TOPOGRAPHY; WIND; ALPS; PAST AB A stationary mountain wave, embedded in southwesterly flow over Mont Blanc in the Alps, was observed simultaneously by three research aircraft and three types of remote sensing: GPS dropsondes, airborne light detecting and ranging (lidar), and rapid-scan satellite imagery. These observations provide a basis for testing linear and nonlinear theories of how mountain waves over complex terrain are controlled by the ambient wind profile, especially the effects of a low-level stagnant layer and the jet stream aloft. The layer of blocked flow near the ground reduced the amplitude of the wave generation. The strong wind and weak stability in the upper troposphere forced the wave into a decaying "evanescent'' state. In spite of this evanescent condition, no lee waves were observed. The authors resolve this paradox by demonstrating that the stagnant layer below 3 km played an additional role. It was able to absorb downward reflected waves, preventing the formation of a resonant cavity. Linear theory, including this low-level absorption, predicts the observed wave structure quite well and captures the wave absorption process found in the fully nonlinear Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) model. In spite of wave decay through the upper troposphere, there is evidence from satellite images and model simulation that the waves reached the uppermost troposphere. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Kline Geol Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Meteorol Off, Bracknell RB12 2SZ, Berks, England. DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. RP Smith, RB (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Kline Geol Lab, POB 208109, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RI Volkert, Hans/A-7041-2013 OI Volkert, Hans/0000-0003-1688-208X NR 26 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 59 IS 13 BP 2073 EP 2092 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2073:MWOMBI>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 555WR UT WOS:000175816700003 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E TI Oxide networks, graph theory, and the passivity of Cr-Mo, Cr-Zr, and Mo-Ti binary alloys SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CORROSION BEHAVIOR; HCL SOLUTION; FILMS AB The passivity of a binary alloy is considered in terms of a network of -M-O-M- bridges in the oxide film, where M is the component of the binary alloy which produces passivity. The structure of the oxide is represented by a mathematical graph, and graph theory is used to calculate the connectivity of the oxide given by the product of the number of edges in the graph and the Randic index. A stochastic calculation is employed to insert ions of the second metal into the oxide film so as to disrupt the connectivity of the -M-O-M- network. This disruption occurs at a critical ionic concentration of the oxide film. These critical cationic fractions in the oxide film are calculated to be 0.16 Mo+4/0.84 Cr+3 for Cr-Mo alloys, 0.16 Zr+4/0.84 Cr+3 for Cr-Zr alloys, and 0.21 Ti+4/0.79 Mo+4 for Mo-Ti alloys. These ionic concentrations are then related to the concentration of the alloying element in the metal alloy by means of experimental surface analysis data. The results of this approach give Cr-21 atom % Mo, Cr-16 atom % Zr, and Mo-58 atom % Ti as the alloy compositions where each of these binary alloys attain passivity. Each of these results is in good agreement with experimental observations. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 149 IS 7 BP B333 EP B339 DI 10.1149/1481526 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 563JB UT WOS:000176251600030 ER PT J AU Mahon, R Rabinovich, WS Bashkansky, M Bowman, SR Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Katzer, DS AF Mahon, R Rabinovich, WS Bashkansky, M Bowman, SR Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Katzer, DS TI Depth-gated imaging using lock-in holography SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS; OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; QUANTUM-WELL DEVICES; MEDIA AB Holographic depth-gated imaging is investigated with perpendicular-field multiple-quantum-well optically addressed spatial light modulators. It is shown that the signal-to-noise ratio of the image can be improved by use of the spatial light modulators in lock-in mode. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mahon, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1685 EP 1691 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.19.001685 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 573FG UT WOS:000176818200024 ER PT J AU Bradford, SF Sanders, BF AF Bradford, SF Sanders, BF TI Finite-volume models for unidirectional, nonlinear, dispersive waves SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE wave propagation; wave dispersion; models; simulation; damping ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; BOUSSINESQ EQUATIONS; DIFFERENCE SCHEME; CONSERVATION-LAWS; GALERKIN METHODS AB Several finite-volume schemes are developed and applied to simulate nonlinear, dispersive, unidirectional waves propagating over a flat bed. These schemes differ mainly in the treatment of advection, while dispersion is treated the same among the different models. Three methods-linear, total variation diminishing, and essentially nonoscillatory-are used to discretize the advection portion of the governing equation. The linear schemes are analyzed with Von Neumann's method to discern stability limits as well as their damping and dispersion characteristics. In addition, predictions from all of the models are compared with analytical solutions for solitary and cnoidal waves as well as experimental data for undular bores. The finite-volume methods are also compared with a second-order accurate finite-difference scheme. The results indicate that the finite-volume schemes yield more accurate solutions than the finite-difference scheme. In addition, the Warming-Beam and Fromm linear finite-volume schemes yielded the most accurate solutions and were among the most computationally efficient schemes tested. C1 Naval Res Lab, Image Sci & Applicat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Naval Res Lab, Image Sci & Applicat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Sanders, Brett/K-7153-2012 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X EI 1943-5460 J9 J WATERW PORT COAST JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 128 IS 4 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2002)128:4(173( PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 566VW UT WOS:000176449800004 ER PT J AU Buchanan, J Gilbert, RP Wirgin, A Xu, YZ AF Buchanan, J Gilbert, RP Wirgin, A Xu, YZ TI Unambiguous identification of the uneven boundary of a half-space probed by acoustic or electromagnetic waves SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article AB It is shown that the use of (1) the physical optics approximation (POA) to simulate the response (i.e., predictor), on a line above the open cylindrical boundary in its cross-section plane, to two probe plane waves of different frequencies, (2) the intersecting canonical boundary approximation (ICBA) of the wave-boundary interaction for a trial boundary (i.e., estimator), and (3) an analysis of the comparison equation and/or cost function, employing the ICBA as estimator and either the ICBA or POA as predictor enables a nonambiguous identification of the scattering boundary. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Math Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. CNRS, UPR 7051, Lab Mecan & Acoust, F-13009 Marseille, France. Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. RP Buchanan, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 31 AR PII S0895-7177(02)00101-2 DI 10.1016/S0895-7177(02)00101-2 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 595VG UT WOS:000178128800002 ER PT J AU Terhune, SD Swisher, DL Oh-Ishi, K Horita, Z Langdon, TG McNelley, TR AF Terhune, SD Swisher, DL Oh-Ishi, K Horita, Z Langdon, TG McNelley, TR TI An investigation of microstructure and grain-boundary evolution during ECA pressing of pure aluminum SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; AL-MG ALLOY; CHANNEL; REFINEMENT; SIZE; SUPERPLASTICITY; MECHANISMS; BEHAVIOR; TEXTURE; ENERGY AB High-purity aluminum (99.99 pct) was processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) at room temperature through a die with a 90 deg angle between the die channels. Samples were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) methods after one, four, and 12 passes through the die. Repetitively pressed samples were rotated by 90 deg in the same sense between successive pressing operations (route B-C). After one pressing. TEM showed a suburain structure which was elongated in the shearing direction. Corresponding OIM data illustrated an inhomogeneous microstructure in which bandlike features were also aligned with the shearing direction. The lattice orientation varied from location to location in the material. The boundary disorientation distribution determined from the OIM data exhibited a peak at 2 to 5 deg, in agreement with a predominance of subgrains in the microstructure. After four pressings, the microstructure data obtained by TEM and OIM were mutually consistent. The disorientation data revealed a decrease in the population of 2 to 5 deg boundaries accompanied by an overall upward shift in the distribution. Two orientations were generally apparent in the texture, although specific orientations varied with location. Often, a <111> orientation tended to align with the shear direction. Following 12 ECA passes, the grain size was reduced further to about 1.0 mum. The populations of high-angle boundaries (greater than or equal to15 deg) increased in the disorientation distribution. A texture characteristic of shear deformation of fee metals became apparent, although the orientations and particular components varied with location. Microstructural refinement during severe straining includes the development of large fractions of high-angle boundaries. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Kyushu Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Engn Mech, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM tmcnelley@nps.navy.mil RI Langdon, Terence/B-1487-2008; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 NR 44 TC 195 Z9 203 U1 3 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 33 IS 7 BP 2173 EP 2184 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0049-x PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 568FW UT WOS:000176532600029 ER PT J AU Stround, RM Nittler, LR Alexander, CMOD AF Stround, RM Nittler, LR Alexander, CMOD TI Transmission electron microscopy of a presolar corundum SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID METEORITES C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 37 IS 7 SU S BP A137 EP A137 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 581CZ UT WOS:000177274700257 ER PT J AU Takahashi, K Gordon, J Liu, H Sastry, KN Epstein, JE Motwani, M Laursen, I Thiel, S Jensenius, JC Carroll, M Ezekowitz, RAB AF Takahashi, K Gordon, J Liu, H Sastry, KN Epstein, JE Motwani, M Laursen, I Thiel, S Jensenius, JC Carroll, M Ezekowitz, RAB TI Lack of mannose-binding lectin-A enhances survival in a mouse model of acute septic peritonitis SO MICROBES AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE mannose-binding lectin (MBL); knockout; CLP; septic shock; TNF-alpha; IL-6; PMN ID INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ACUTE-PHASE REACTANT; SERINE-PROTEASE; COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; ACTIVATES COMPLEMENT; LABORATORY MODELS; CLASSICAL PATHWAY; HOST-DEFENSE; PIVOTAL ROLE; SEPSIS AB The mannose-binding lectin (MBL) (also known as the mannose-binding protein) is a serum protein that plays a role as an "ante-antibody" in innate immunity. In man, MBL is encoded by a single gene, whereas in mice there are two homologous proteins, MBL-A and MBL-C. In order to evaluate the relative roles of these two forms of MBL, we created MBL-A null mice that were MBL-C sufficient. We found MBL-A null mice had enhanced survival in a septic peritonitis model compared to wild-type mice and complement 3 null mice at 24 h, 48 h and 10 d (P < 0.05). Reconstitution of these mice with human MBL reversed the phenotype. Surviving mice had significantly decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the blood and peritoneal cavity (P < 0.01). In vitro studies indicate that bacteria opsonized with MBL-A-deficient serum induced significantly less cytokine by peritoneal macrophages compared to those with wild-type serum. Our results indicate that MBL-A is a modulator of inflammation in vivo and in vitro in the mouse and that the role of MBL may extend beyond its role as an opsonin. (C) 2002 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat,Lab Dev Immunol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Aarhus Univ, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Blood Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02113 USA. RP Takahashi, K (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat,Lab Dev Immunol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 42788] NR 64 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1286-4579 J9 MICROBES INFECT JI Microbes Infect. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 4 IS 8 BP 773 EP 784 AR PII S1286-4579(02)01597-6 DI 10.1016/S1286-4579(02)01597-6 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 580KT UT WOS:000177234300002 PM 12270724 ER PT J AU Ikossi, K Rabinovich, WS Katzer, DS Binari, SC Mittereder, J Goetz, PG AF Ikossi, K Rabinovich, WS Katzer, DS Binari, SC Mittereder, J Goetz, PG TI Multiple quantum well PIN optoelectronic devices and a method of restoring failed device characteristics SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT GaAs REL 2001 Workshop CY OCT 21, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; OVAL DEFECTS; GAAS-LAYERS; ELIMINATION AB Multiple quantum well (MQW) optical modulators have a wide range of applications in fiber-optic and remote communication systems. One of the challenges in producing reliable devices is maintaining the necessary PIN electrical characteristics while having large areas of complex MQW structures for optical processing. We report the first direct correlation between crystalline material imperfections and reverse bias behavior in MQW PIN devices. Molecular beam epitaxy grown GaAs/AlGaAs and strained InGaAs/AlGaAs MQW PIN structures are examined. Defects originating in the epitaxial material provide a conducting path along the PIN junction degrading the device performance and lowering the yield. Defectectomy, a method of eliminating the crystalline defects and restoring the device characteristics and improving the yield is described. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ikossi, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Code 6856,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1021 EP 1028 AR PII S0026-2714(02)00066-5 DI 10.1016/S0026-2714(02)00066-5 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 576TZ UT WOS:000177022900005 ER PT J AU Bibb, SC AF Bibb, SC TI Healthy people 2000 and population health improvement in the Department of Defense Military Health System SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DISEASE PREVENTION; PROMOTION; OBJECTIVES AB The historical review of the literature presented in this article traces the current emphasis on population health improvement in the Department of Defense (DoD) Military Health System (MHS) to the emphasis placed on health promotion, disease prevention, and population health in the landmark document, Healthy People 2000. This review of the literature is presented to provide DoD MHS health care professionals with an overview of the impact of Healthy People 2000 on health promotion and disease prevention policy and on generating population health improvement initiatives within the DoD MHS. DoD MHS health care professionals who understand the evolution of population health-oriented initiatives will be better equipped to facilitate the organizational transformation necessary to embed population health improvement in the culture of the DoD MHS. C1 USN Hosp, Populat Hlth Dept, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. RP Bibb, SC (reprint author), USN Hosp, Populat Hlth Dept, Box 555191,Code 10C, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 167 IS 7 BP 552 EP 555 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DX UT WOS:000181420900009 PM 12125846 ER PT J AU Clark, AS West, K Streicher, S Dennis, PA AF Clark, AS West, K Streicher, S Dennis, PA TI Constitutive and inducible Akt activity promotes resistance to chemotherapy, trastuzumab, or tamoxifen in breast cancer cells SO MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-B; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3; SERINE-THREONINE KINASE; INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; NF-KAPPA-B; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; CELLULAR-SURVIVAL; CD95-MEDIATED APOPTOSIS AB To evaluate the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in breast cancer cell survival and therapeutic resistance, we analyzed a panel of six breast cancer cell lines that varied in erbB2 and estrogen receptor status. Akt activity was constitutive in four cell lines and was associated with either PTEN mutations or erbB2 overexpression. Akt promoted breast cancer cell survival because a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, or transient transfection of a dominant-negative Akt mutant inhibited Akt activity and increased apoptosis. When combined with therapies commonly used in breast cancer treatment, LY294002 potentiated apoptosis caused by doxorubicin, trastuzumab, paclitaxel, or etoposide. Potentiation of apoptosis by LY294002 correlated with induction of Akt by doxorubicin or trastuzumab alone that occurred before the onset of apoptosis. Similar results were observed with tamoxifen. Combining LY294002 with tamoxifen in estrogen receptor-positive cells greatly potentiated apoptosis, which was correlated with tamoxifen-induced Akt phosphorylation that preceded apoptosis. To confirm that the effects of LY294002 on chemotherapy-induced apoptosis were attributable to inhibition of Akt, we transiently transfected breast cancer cells with dominant-negative Akt and observed increased doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Conversely, stably transfecting cells with constitutively active Akt increased Akt activity and attenuated doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. These studies show that endogenous Akt activity promotes breast cancer cell survival and therapeutic resistance, and that induction of Akt by chemotherapy, trastuzumab, or tamoxifen might be an early compensatory mechanism that could be exploited to increase the efficacy of these therapies. C1 USN, Natl Canc Inst, Canc Therapeut Branch, Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Dennis, PA (reprint author), USN, Natl Canc Inst, Canc Therapeut Branch, Ctr Canc Res, Bldg 8,Room 5101,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 66 TC 437 Z9 459 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1535-7163 J9 MOL CANCER THER JI Mol. Cancer Ther. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 1 IS 9 BP 707 EP 717 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 607BM UT WOS:000178770600006 PM 12479367 ER PT J AU Burk, SD Thompson, WT AF Burk, SD Thompson, WT TI Comments on "Development and application of a physical approach to estimating wind gusts'' SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material ID LAYER C1 USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Burk, SD (reprint author), USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 130 IS 7 BP 1933 EP 1935 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<1933:CODAAO>2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 556NL UT WOS:000175855800015 ER PT J AU Petrella, J Sair, H Hart, S Doraiswamy, PM Ziajko, L Lustig, C Jha, A AF Petrella, J Sair, H Hart, S Doraiswamy, PM Ziajko, L Lustig, C Jha, A TI Cortical activation in patients with mild cognitive impairment: Assessment with event-related functional MRI during a visual working memory task SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Durham, NC USA. USN, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, St Louis, MO USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Cognit Neurosci, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 SU 1 MA 1294 BP S349 EP S349 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 584KG UT WOS:000177465301273 ER PT J AU Russell, AC Bekkedal, MYV Mann, TT Ritchie, GD Rossi, J Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ Andreadis, JD AF Russell, AC Bekkedal, MYV Mann, TT Ritchie, GD Rossi, J Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ Andreadis, JD TI Gene modulation in total brain induced by exposure to the bicyclic phosphorus ester trimethylolpropane phosphate (TMPP) SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toxicogenomics; array; GABA antagonists; gene expression; TMPP; subconvulsive seizures ID RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; MESSENGER-RNA; SEIZURES; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR; INJURY; NEURONS; PROTEIN; DECORIN AB The effect of a single subconvulsive dose of the GABAergic convulsant trimethylolpropane phosphate (TMPP) on gene expression in total rat brain was examined using cDNA array analysis. Using threshold criteria that reduce the number of false positives to <1 gene per 3551 actively transcribed genes on the cDNA array, 41 genes/EST sequences were reproducibly modulated in response to 0.25 mg/kg TMPP. Several genes that were consistent with epileptogenesis and/or neuronal damage and repair mechanisms, such as trkB, alphaB-crystallin, and decorin, were modulated by TMPP exposure in the absence of clinical convulsions. Previous research indicates that rats exposed to subconvulsive doses of TMPP exhibit both "absence-like" EEG paroxysms and persisting central nervous system (CNS) sensitization, as evidenced by increased susceptibility to audiogenic seizures (AGS). Results of this study suggest that cDNA arrays can be used to identify gene modulation events induced by low-level exposure to a chemical convulsant in a reproducible manner. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 George Mason Univ, SRIF, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Neurobehav Effects Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Andreadis, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Ms G29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 215 EP 221 AR PII S0161-813X(02)00021-9 DI 10.1016/S0161-813X(02)00021-9 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 586YT UT WOS:000177614300011 PM 12224763 ER PT J AU Milne, PA Kurfess, JD Kinzer, RL Leising, MD AF Milne, PA Kurfess, JD Kinzer, RL Leising, MD TI Supernovae and positron annihilation radiation SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft CY MAY, 2001 CL RINGBERG CASTLE, GERMANY SP Max Planck Gesell DE supernovae; ISM ID GALACTIC-CENTER; LINE EMISSION; IA SUPERNOVAE AB Radioactive nuclei, especially those created in SN explosion, have long been suggested to be important contributors of galactic positrons. In this paper we describe the findings of three independent OSSE/SMM/TGRS studies of positron annihilation radiation, demonstrating that the three studies are largely in agreement as to the distribution of galactic annihilation radiation. We then assess the predicted yields and distributions of SN-synthesized radionuclei, determining that they are marginally compatible with the findings of the annihilation radiation studies. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Milne, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 46 IS 8-10 BP 553 EP 558 AR PII S1387-6473(02)00200-2 DI 10.1016/S1387-6473(02)00200-2 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 582VT UT WOS:000177372400019 ER PT J AU Milne, PA Kroeger, RA Kurfess, JD The, LS AF Milne, PA Kroeger, RA Kurfess, JD The, LS TI Advanced Compton Telescope designs and SN science SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft CY MAY, 2001 CL RINGBERG CASTLE, GERMANY SP Max Planck Gesell DE gamma rays : observations; galaxy : center; nucleosynthesis; ISM : general ID IA SUPERNOVAE; X-RAY; POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; LIGHT CURVES; CONSTRAINTS; MODELS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; EMISSION AB The Advanced Compton Telescope (ACT) has been suggested to be the optimal next-generation instrument to study nuclear gamma-ray lines. In this work, we investigate the potential of three hypothetical designs of the ACT to perform SN science. We provide estimates of: (1) the SN detection rate, (2) the SN la discrimination rate, and (3) which gamma-ray lines would be detected from specific supernova remnants. We find that the prompt emission from a SN la is such that it is unlikely that one would be within the range that an INTERMEDIATE ACT would be able to distinguish between explosion scenarios, although such an instrument would detect a handful of SNRs. We further find that the SUPERIOR ACT design would be a truly breakthrough instrument for SN science. By supplying these estimates, we intend to assist the gamma-ray astrophysics community in deciding the course of the next decade of gamma-ray SN science. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Milne, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM milne@nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 46 IS 8-10 BP 617 EP 623 AR PII S1387-6473(02)00210-5 DI 10.1016/S1387-6473(02)00210-5 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 582VT UT WOS:000177372400029 ER PT J AU Baker, SF Morton, DP Rosenthal, RE Williams, LM AF Baker, SF Morton, DP Rosenthal, RE Williams, LM TI Optimizing military airlift SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB We describe a large-scale linear programming model for optimizing strategic (intercontinental) airlift capability. The model routes cargo and passengers through a specified transportation network with a given fleet of aircraft subject to many physical and policy Constraints. The time-dynamic model captures a significant number of the important aspects of an airlift system in a large-scale military deployment, including aerial refueling, tactical (intracontinental) aircraft shuttles, and constraints based on crew availability. The model is designed to provide insight into issues associated with designing and operating an airlift system. We describe analyses for the U.S. Air Force system concerning fleet modernization and concerning the allocation of resources that affect the processing capacity of airfields. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Texas, Grad Program Operat Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Operat Res Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Baker, SF (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI Morton, David/K-2388-2014 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 50 IS 4 BP 582 EP 602 DI 10.1287/opre.50.4.582.2864 PG 21 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 584TN UT WOS:000177485000002 ER PT J AU Sekiya, JK Elkousy, HA Harner, CD AF Sekiya, JK Elkousy, HA Harner, CD TI Meniscal transplant combined with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE meniscal allograft transplant; ACL; anteromedial rotatory instability; meniscus deficiency ID MEDIAL MENISCECTOMY; DEFICIENT KNEE; CONTACT AREA; REPAIR; ALLOGRAFTS AB The meniscal cartilage plays a vital role in maintaining normal knee function. This important structure provides shock absorption, stabilization, lubrication, proprioception, and load sharing to the knee joint. Although it has been shown that an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can provide symptomatic pain relief in the arthritic knee, the results following ACL reconstruction in a medial meniscus-deficient knee are usually worse than when the medial meniscus is intact. Given these findings, meniscal allograft transplantation with concomitant ACL reconstruction have been performed to provide patients with a more stable and functional knee as well as to forestall the degenerative process. We report our indications, preoperative considerations, surgical technique, postoperative rehabilitation protocol, and results with meniscal allograft transplantation combined with ACL reconstruction. We believe that meniscal transplantation combined with ACL reconstruction, in appropriately selected patients with meniscus- and ACL-deficient knees, offers significant advantages that cannot be accomplished with either procedure alone. Although technically challenging, careful attention to the details outlined will help to avoid pitfalls and will maximize the opportunity for a successful outcome. Our results suggest that this procedure can predictably improve subjective measures of function and symptoms while objectively restoring stability and affording protection to the articular surfaces of the transplanted knee compartment. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Sports Med, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg,USNR, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. OI Elkousy, Hussein/0000-0002-0855-8792 NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 10 IS 3 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1053/otsm.2002.35862 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 611XW UT WOS:000179044000008 ER PT J AU Hooper, WP Nedoluha, GE Martin, LU AF Hooper, WP Nedoluha, GE Martin, LU TI Retrieval of near-surface temperature profiles from passive and active optical measurements SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE refraction; inferior mirage; temperature profile; lidar; optimal estimation ID INVERSION; MIRAGE AB Two measurement techniques are used to measure the range and apparent elevation of surface targets. In one set of experiments, a survey station measured the apparent elevation angle, and Global Positioning System data were used to determine the range. In the other experiments, a lidar measured both elevation and range. Two different analysis techniques (one analytical and one involving an optimal estimation model) are used to characterize the shape of the temperature profiles. The six case studies discussed are equally split between stable and unstable cases. In four cases, data from a survey station are analyzed and include measurements of boats, buoys, and a tower. In two cases, lidar measurements of the sea surface were made. Elevation and range data are derived from a nonlinear model of the surface return. For the analytical model, the errors between the derived and the measured range are minimized; typically the range errors are less than 100 m. For the optimal estimation technique, the errors in derived and measured heights are minimized; the height errors are typically less than 1 m. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP Hooper, WP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7228,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1586 EP 1602 DI 10.1117/1.1485089 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 576TR UT WOS:000177021900021 ER PT J AU Biermann, ML Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Gilbreath, GC AF Biermann, ML Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Gilbreath, GC TI Design and analysis of a diffraction-limited cat's-eye retroreflector SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE cat's-eye retroreflector; optical system design; wide-angle lens; aspherics ID LASER AB We describe a design for a modified, cat's-eye retroreflector. The design is catadioptric, containing a single concave mirror and several lenses. This retroreflector design exhibits a unique combination of performance characteristics. It is diffraction limited over a large field angle while operating with a large aperture and numerical aperture. There is little vignetting of the optical beam, even at large field angles, providing good light return at all angles of incidence. It brings the light beam to a focus and allows access to the light near the focal plane, thus decoupling the size of the aperture from the size of devices used with the retroreflector. This final feature makes the design appealing for use with spatial light modulators, or other optical or electro-optical components. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Jaycor, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Biermann, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1655 EP 1660 DI 10.1117/1.1483881 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 576TR UT WOS:000177021900030 ER PT J AU Cranch, GA AF Cranch, GA TI Frequency noise reduction in erbium-doped fiber distributed-feedback lasers by electronic feedback SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LINEWIDTH AB A novel technique for suppressing frequency noise in an erbium-doped fiber distributed-feedback laser incorporated into a master-oscillator-power-amplifier configuration by an electronic feedback technique is presented. The frequency noise is suppressed by locking of the laser emission to a fiber interferometer. The frequency noise spectral density of the laser is reduced by as much as 20 dB over the frequency range 1 Hz-10 kHz to 1.5 Hz/Hz(1/2) = 25% at 1 kHz with a relative intensity noise spectral density below -120 dB/Hz over the frequency range 10 Hz-1 kHz. These lasers will have applications as sources for fiber-optic interferometry, high-resolution spectroscopy, and high-bandwidth communications. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cranch, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5674, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 13 BP 1114 EP 1116 DI 10.1364/OL.27.001114 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 569VM UT WOS:000176623100008 PM 18026378 ER PT J AU Aguayo, A Singh, DJ AF Aguayo, A Singh, DJ TI Itinerant ferromagnetism and quantum criticality in Sc3In SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED-GRADIENT-APPROXIMATION; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MAGNETISM; PRESSURE; BEHAVIOR; SR3RU2O7 AB The electronic structure and magnetic properties of hexagonal Sc3In are calculated within density functional theory. We find that the Fermi energy lies in a region of flat Sc d derived bands leading to a peak in the density of states and Stoner ferromagnetism. Both the calculated local spin density and generalized gradient approximation spin magnetizations are enhanced with respect to experiment, which is an indication of significant quantum critical fluctuations, neglected in these approximations. We find, as expected, that the ferromagnetism is initially enhanced under pressure, meaning that the critical point cannot be reached with modest pressure. However, we find that the density of states peak around the Fermi energy and the calculated density functional magnetic properties are sensitive to the c/a ratio, so that the quantum critical point may be reached under uniaxial strain. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aguayo, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 020401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.020401 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 582FE UT WOS:000177338400006 ER PT J AU Deisz, JJ Hess, DW Serene, JW AF Deisz, JJ Hess, DW Serene, JW TI Phase diagram for the attractive Hubbard model in two dimensions in a conserving approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; SUPERFLUID DENSITY; BOSE CONDENSATION; ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; 2 DIMENSIONS; NORMAL-STATE; FLUCTUATIONS; WEIGHT; GAP AB We calculate the superconducting transition temperature as a function of interaction strength and density for a two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model in the fluctuation exchange approximation (FEA). Significant corrections to mean-field theory are apparent, including a maximum in T-c as a function of U and a fluctuation-broadened specific heat peak. At n=1, competing pair fluctuations and charge-density fluctuations fail to drive T-c to zero. This failure of the FEA reflects an inadequate account of the coupling among fluctuations. Because T-c is determined from self-consistent calculations of thermodynamic potentials, the calculations are extremely sensitive to numerical errors, requiring accuracy up to 1 part in 10(6). We outline a procedure for systematically reducing numerical errors associated with the finite-frequency cutoff in numerical many-body calculations such as ours. C1 Univ No Iowa, Dept Phys, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Deisz, JJ (reprint author), Univ No Iowa, Dept Phys, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. OI Serene, Joseph/0000-0002-3233-2531 NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 AR 014539 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.014539 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 581HD UT WOS:000177284900153 ER PT J AU Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ Claassen, JH Trotter, G Kim, H Horwitz, J AF Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ Claassen, JH Trotter, G Kim, H Horwitz, J TI Enhanced superconductivity in metallic oxides near the metal-insulator transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILMS; T-C DEPRESSION; NORMAL-STATE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SCALING THEORY; HALL ANGLE; TEMPERATURE; RESISTIVITY; DEPENDENCE AB Several metallic oxide conductors reported in the literature undergo a metal-insulator transition (MIT). We have found that their reported superconducting transition temperatures T-c are significantly enhanced in the vicinity of the MIT. We constructed a superconductivity phase diagram (T-c vs sigma, the conductivity) for each system and found that they are remarkably similar. The same behavior was found previously for a number of low-T-c superconductors. These results suggest that there is a common mechanism for the enhancement of superconductivity near the MIT. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 020502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.020502 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 582FE UT WOS:000177338400016 ER PT J AU Pederson, MR Liu, AY Baruah, T Kurmaev, EZ Moewes, A Chiuzbaian, S Neumann, M Kmety, CR Stevenson, KL Ederer, D AF Pederson, MR Liu, AY Baruah, T Kurmaev, EZ Moewes, A Chiuzbaian, S Neumann, M Kmety, CR Stevenson, KL Ederer, D TI Electronic structure of the molecule-based magnet Mn[N(CN)(2)](2) from theory and experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SELF-INTERACTION CORRECTION; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; M = CO; DICYANAMIDE ANION; MAGNETIZATION; M-II(2); PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; APPROXIMATION; (N(CN)(2))(-) AB The electronic structure of the Mn-based dycyanamide molecular magnetic crystal has been investigated using theoretical density-functional-based methods and experimental spectra. All data are in accord with a small gap insulator with a lattice consisting of Mn+2(d(5)) ions that are antiferromagnetically coupled at low temperatures. Due to partial covalent bonding with neighboring atoms, the local moments of the Mn atoms are reduced by about 10% as compared to an isolated ion. Calculated exchange constants suggest a antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic energy difference of 36 meV per unit cell. Inclusion of spin-orbit coupling allows for the determination of the magnetic anisotropy parameter and the preferred axis of magnetization. The results are in good agreement with previous experiments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Div, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Univ Osnabruck, Dept Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Wayne, IN 46804 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Light Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pederson@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Kurmaev, Ernst/J-4254-2013; Liu, Amy/E-2266-2015 OI Kurmaev, Ernst/0000-0003-4625-4930; Liu, Amy/0000-0002-2011-1854 NR 38 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 AR 014446 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.014446 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 581HD UT WOS:000177284900112 ER PT J AU Gapinski, J Paluch, M Patkowski, A AF Gapinski, J Paluch, M Patkowski, A TI Correlation between nonexponential relaxation and non-Arrhenius behavior under conditions of high compression SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DEPENDENCE; DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; HIGH-PRESSURE; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; PHOTON-CORRELATION; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; ALPHA-RELAXATION; CHAIN DYNAMICS; FRAGILITY AB Photon correlation spectroscopy was used to investigate the behavior of the dynamical properties of 1,1'-di(4-methoxy-5-methyl-phenyl)cyclohexane (BMMPC) at elevated pressures. The fragility of BMMPC measured by the steepness index m(T) is decreasing and the nonexponentiality parameter beta(KWW) is increasing with increasing pressure. This result strongly suggests that the phenomenological correlation between the steepness index and nonexponentionality is also preserved under high compression. The pressure dependence of the structural relaxation times is well characterized by a simple activation volume form. The activation volume continuously increases with decreasing temperature, which is probably due to the increase of cooperativity of the structural relaxation process. Moreover, we found that the glass-transition temperature exhibits a significant dependence on pressure. C1 Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Inst Phys, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Silesia, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Inst Phys, Umultowska 85, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland. EM gapior@amu.edu.pl NR 48 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 AR 011501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.011501 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 579WF UT WOS:000177200500033 PM 12241364 ER PT J AU Thomas, E Amatucci, WE Compton, C Christy, B AF Thomas, E Amatucci, WE Compton, C Christy, B TI Observations of structured and long-range transport in a large volume dusty (complex) plasma experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID GLOW-DISCHARGE; SMALL PARTICLES; ACOUSTIC-WAVES; CRYSTAL; GRAINS; DEVICE AB DUPLEX-the DUsty PLasma EXperiment at the Naval Research Laboratory-is a large volume dc glow discharge plasma device. The DUPLEX chamber is a transparent polycarbonate cylinder that is 40 cm in radius and 80 cm in height. Argon dc glow discharge plasmas are generated between a grounded cathode and a biased anode. The anode and cathode are separated by 15 to 20 cm. Clouds of 1 mum diameter alumina microparticles are suspended in the plasma-with the highest density directly above the cathode. However, particles have been detected throughout the entire plasma volume. This article reports on previously unidentified, and possibly unknown, phenomena observed in a dusty plasma. Two specific features will be the focus of this article. First, large microparticle clouds-up to 15 cm in diameter in some locations-with highly complex internal structures are identified. Second, long range-20 to 30 cm distances-periodic transport of microparticles from one region of the plasma to another is identified. It is believed that the large size and nonconducting boundary of the DUPLEX chamber facilitates the observation of these phenomena. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thomas, E (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2002 VL 9 IS 7 BP 3154 EP 3158 DI 10.1063/1.1483309 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 564LN UT WOS:000176316000036 ER PT J AU Li, GZ Wang, L Toghiani, H Daulton, TL Pittman, CU AF Li, GZ Wang, L Toghiani, H Daulton, TL Pittman, CU TI Viscoelastic and mechanical properties of vinyl ester (VE)/multifunctional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites and multifunctional POSS-styrene copolymers SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE viscoelastic property; mechanical property; multifunctional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane/vinyl ester nanocomposite ID POLYMERS AB Vinyl ester (VE) composites containing chemically bonded, multifunctional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), POSS-1 ((C6H5CHCHO)(4)(Si8O12)(CH=CHC6H5)(4)), nanoparticles were prepared with VE/POSS-1 95/5 and 90/10 w/w ratios. The mole percents of POSS-1 in these two composites are low (<0.5 and <1%, respectively) due to the high mass of POSS-1 (mwt = 1305). VE composites of two non-functional POSS-3 (octaisobutyl POSS) and POSS-4 (dodecaphenyl POSS) derivatives were also prepared with 95/5 w/w compositions. Additionally, POSS-1 was also incorporated into styrene copolymers at levels of 5 wt% (0.42 mol%) and 10 wt% (0.88 mol%) of POSS-1. The composites and copolymers were characterized by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and mechanical testing. The POSS-1 units incorporated into the vinyl ester network were well dispersed. No phase-separation in the VE/POSS-1 90/10 composite could be detected by TEM from low to 8 x 10(5) magnification. In VE composites containing 10 wt% POSS-1, silicon-rich phases were observed ranging in size from a few nm to similar to75 nm by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). TEM, EDXS, EELS and extraction studies suggest that some POSS-1-rich narroparticles in the VE/POSS-1 90/10 composite are present and also a fraction of the POSS-1 is molecularly dispersed within the VE resin. The POSS-1-rich dispersed phase portion is cross-linked, insoluble and contains some VE. VE/POSS-3 and VE/POSS-4 composites exhibited larger-sized POSS phases which do not contain VE. Incorporating low mole percentages of POSS-1 into the VE network by chemical bonds or blending non-functional POSS-3 or 4 into VE resin have almost no influence on T, or on the width of the tan 5 peak in the glass transition range. POSS-1-styrene copolymers exhibit good miscibility at 5 wt% POSS-1 but serious phase-separation occurs in the copolymer with 10 wt% POSS-1 content. POSS-1-styrene copolymers swelled but did not dissolve in tetrahydrofuran (THF) demonstrating they had been cross-linked by POSS-1. No POSS-1 was extracted into the THF. The POSS-1-styrene copolymers have higher T, values versus pure polystyrene (PS) prepared at the same conditions. The T. elevation could be due to the cross-linking resulting from the four P-substituted styryl functions in POSS-1 and due to the effect of high molecular weight POSS units retarding segmental motion of a portion of the chain segments. The T, of the 10 wt% POSS-1 copolymer is almost the same as that of the 5 wt% POSS-1 copolymer because the continuous phase in the 10 wt% POSS-1 copolymer might have a cross-linking density similar to that of the 5 wt% POSS-1 copolymer. The low POSS-1 mole percentage means that many all-styrene segments exist that can undergo segmental motion without being retarded by POSS. The tan 8 peak for 10 wt% POSS-1 copolymer is much broader and less intense than that for PS or 5 wt% POSS-1 copolymer. A higher average cross-linking density and much less segmental motion in the dispersed POSS-1-rich phase account for this behavior in the 10 wt% copolymer. The bending storage modulus, E', values of the VE/POSS-1 composites and the POSS-1-styrene copolymers are higher than those of either the neat vinyl ester resin or pure PS, respectively, over entire temperature range, especially at the low POSS-1 content (5 wt%). The incorporation of multifunctional POSS-1 into vinyl ester or PS by chemical bonding improves the thermal dimensional stabilities. The flexural modulus of the vinyl ester resin is raised by incorporation of POSS VE resin and VE/POSS-1 composites gave negligible weight gains after 50 days in toluene. The VE and composite samples cracked and fragmented after submersion in THF. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Pittman, CU (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 19 TC 102 Z9 114 U1 5 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUL PY 2002 VL 43 IS 15 BP 4167 EP 4176 AR PII S0032-3861(02)00232-X DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00232-X PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 560YF UT WOS:000176108400009 ER PT J AU Patterson, J Masi, G Richmond, MW Martin, B Beshore, E Skillman, DR Kemp, J Vanmunster, T Rea, R Allen, W Davis, S Davis, T Henden, AA Starkey, D Foote, J Oksanen, A Cook, LM Fried, RE Husar, D Novak, R Campbell, T Robertson, J Krajci, T Pavlenko, E Mirabal, N Niarchos, PG Brettman, O Walker, S AF Patterson, J Masi, G Richmond, MW Martin, B Beshore, E Skillman, DR Kemp, J Vanmunster, T Rea, R Allen, W Davis, S Davis, T Henden, AA Starkey, D Foote, J Oksanen, A Cook, LM Fried, RE Husar, D Novak, R Campbell, T Robertson, J Krajci, T Pavlenko, E Mirabal, N Niarchos, PG Brettman, O Walker, S TI The 2001 superoutburst of WZ Sagittae SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID URSAE-MAJORIS STARS; NOVA EG CANCRI; DWARF-NOVA; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; ACCRETION DISKS; WHITE-DWARF; ECHO OUTBURSTS; ECCENTRIC-MODE; SUPERHUMPS; SGE AB We report the results of a worldwide campaign to observe WZ Sagittae during its 2001 superoutburst. After a 23 yr slumber at V = 15.5, the star rose within 2 days to a peak brightness of 8.2, and showed a main eruption lasting 25 days. The return to quiescence was punctuated by 12 small eruptions, of similar to1 mag amplitude and 2 day recurrence time; these "echo outbursts" are of uncertain origin, but somewhat resemble the normal outbursts of dwarf novae. After 52 days, the star began a slow decline to quiescence. Periodic waves in the light curve closely followed the pattern seen in the 1978 superoutburst: a strong orbital signal dominated the first 12 days, followed by a powerful common superhump at 0.05721(5) day, 0.92(8)% longer than P-orb. The latter endured for at least 90 days, although probably mutating into a "late" superhump with a slightly longer mean period [0.05736( 5) day]. The superhump appeared to follow familiar rules for such phenomena in dwarf novae, with components given by linear combinations of two basic frequencies: the orbital frequency and an unseen low frequency Omega, believed to represent the accretion disk's apsidal precession. Long time series reveal an intricate fine structure, with similar to20 incommensurate frequencies. Essentially all components occurred at a frequency n(omegao) - mOmega, with m = 1,...,n. But during its first week, the common superhumb showed primary components at nomegao - Omega, for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 (i.e., m = 1 consistently); a month later, the dominant power shifted to components with m = n - 1. This may arise from a shift in the disk's spiral-arm pattern, likely to be the underlying cause of superhumps. The great majority of frequency components are redshifted from the harmonics of omega(o), consistent with the hypothesis of apsidal advance (prograde precession). But a component at 35.42 cycles day(-1) suggests the possibility of a retrograde precession at a different rate, probably N = 0.13 +/- 0.02 cycles day(-1). The eclipses permit measuring the location and brightness of the mass-transfer hot spot. The disk must be very eccentric and nearly as large as the white dwarf's Roche lobe. The hot-spot luminosity exceeds its quiescent value by a factor of up to 60. This indicates that enhanced mass transfer from the secondary plays a major role in the eruption. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Ctr Backyard Astrophys, I-03023 Ceccano, Italy. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Kings Univ Coll, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T5H 2M1, Canada. Ctr Backyard Astrophys, Colorado Springs, CO 80908 USA. Ctr Backyard Astrophys, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Ctr Backyard Astrophys, B-3401 Landen, Belgium. Ctr Backyard Astrophys, Nelson, New Zealand. Ctr Backyard Astrophys, Blenheim, New Zealand. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Ctr Backyard Astrophys, Auburn, IN 46706 USA. Ctr Backyard Astrophys, Kanab, UT 84741 USA. Ctr Backyard Astrophys, Nyrola, Finland. Ctr Backyard Astrophys, Concord, CA 94518 USA. Ctr Backyard Astrophys, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Ctr Backyard Astrophys, D-22397 Hamburg, Germany. Nicholas Copernicus Observ, Brno 61600, Czech Republic. Arkanas Tech Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Russellville, AR 72801 USA. Ctr Backyard Astrophys, Clovis, NM 88101 USA. Crimean Astrophys Observ, UA-334413 Nauchnyi, Ukraine. Univ Athens, Dept Astrophys Astron & Mech, GR-15784 Athens, Greece. Ctr Backyard Astrophys, Huntley, IL 60142 USA. Wharemaru Observ, Ctr Backyard Astrophys, Awanui 0552, New Zealand. RP Patterson, J (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Skillman, David/C-8995-2013; OI Cook, Lewis/0000-0003-3332-9649 NR 72 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 114 IS 797 BP 721 EP 747 DI 10.1086/341696 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 566QZ UT WOS:000176440900004 ER PT J AU Baltay, C Snyder, JA Andrews, P Emmet, W Schaefer, B Sinnott, J Bailyn, C Coppi, P Oemler, A Sabbey, CN Sofia, S van Altena, W Vivas, AK Abad, C Bongiovanni, A Briceno, C Bruzual, G Della Prugna, F Magris, G Sanchez, G Sanchez, G Schenner, H Stock, J Adams, B Gebhard, M Honeycutt, RK Musser, J Rengstorff, A Ferrin, I Fuenmayor, F Hernandez, J Naranjo, O Rosenzweig, P Harris, F Geary, J AF Baltay, C Snyder, JA Andrews, P Emmet, W Schaefer, B Sinnott, J Bailyn, C Coppi, P Oemler, A Sabbey, CN Sofia, S van Altena, W Vivas, AK Abad, C Bongiovanni, A Briceno, C Bruzual, G Della Prugna, F Magris, G Sanchez, G Sanchez, G Schenner, H Stock, J Adams, B Gebhard, M Honeycutt, RK Musser, J Rengstorff, A Ferrin, I Fuenmayor, F Hernandez, J Naranjo, O Rosenzweig, P Harris, F Geary, J TI A large-area CCD camera for the Schmidt telescope at the Venezuelan National Astronomical Observatory SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID DISCOVERY AB We have designed, constructed, and put into operation a large-area CCD camera that covers a large fraction of the image plane of the 1 m Schmidt telescope at Llano del Hato in Venezuela. The camera consists of 16 CCD devices arranged in a 4 x 4 mosaic covering 2.degrees3 x 3.degrees5 of sky. The CCDs are 2048 x 2048 LORAL devices with 15 mum pixels. The camera is optimized for drift-scan photometry and objective-prism spectroscopy. The design considerations, construction features, and performance parameters are described in the following paper. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Ctr Investigac Astron, Merida 5101-A, Venezuela. Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Los Andes, Merida 5251, Venezuela. USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Andrews, P (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, POB 208121, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM charles.baltay@yale.edu; jeffrey.snyder@yale.edu; peter.andrews@yale.edu; william.emmet@yale.edu; schaefer@astro.as.utexas.edu; jps39@cornell.edu; bailyn@astro.yale.edu; coppi@astro.yale.edu; oemler@ociw.edu; cns@boglefunds.com; sofia@astro.yale.edu; vanalten@astro.yale.edu; vivas@astro.yale.edu; abad@cida.ve; abongiov@cid.ve; briceno@cida.ve; bruzual@cida.ve; dellap@cida.ve; magris@cida.ve; gerardo@cida.ve; sanchez@cida.ve; hans@cida.ve; stock@cida.ve; adams@astro.indiana.edu; gebhard@astro.indiana.edu; honey@astro.indiana.edu; musser@astro.indiana.edu; arengsto@astro.indiana.edu; ferrin@ciens.ula.ve; franfuen@ciens.ula.ve; hernandj@ciens.ula.ve; naranjo@ciens.ula.ve; patricia@ciens.ula.ve; fhh@nofs.navy.mil; jgeary@cfa.harvard.edu RI Bongiovanni, Angel/J-6176-2012; OI Vivas, Kathy/0000-0003-4341-6172 NR 14 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 114 IS 797 BP 780 EP 794 DI 10.1086/341705 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 566QZ UT WOS:000176440900010 ER PT J AU Fishman, L AF Fishman, L TI Applications of directional wavefield decomposition, phase space, and path integral methods to seismic wave propagation and inversion SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE seismic inversion; directional wavefield decomposition; phase space analysis; path integral representations; square-root Helmholtz operator symbol ID HELMHOLTZ OPERATOR SYMBOLS; FOCUSING QUADRATIC PROFILE; EXACT CONSTRUCTIONS; EQUATION; SERIES; GUIDES AB Recently, de Hoop and coworkers developed an asymptotic, seismic inversion formula for application in complex environments supporting multi-pathed and multi-mode wave propagation (DE Hoop et al., 1999; DE Hoop and BRANDSBERG-DAHL, 2000; STOLK and DE Hoop, 2000). This inversion is based on the Born/Kirchhoff approximation, and employs the global, uniform asymptotic extension of the geometrical method of "tracing rays" to account for caustic phenomena. While this approach has successfully inverted the multicomponent, ocean-bottom data from the Valhall field in Norway, accounting for severe focusing effects (DE Hoop and BRANDSBERG-DAHL, 2000), it is not able to account properly for wave phenomena neglected in the "high-frequency" limit (i.e., diffraction effects) and strong scattering effects. To proceed further and incorporate wave effects in a nonlinear inversion scheme, the theory of directional wavefield decomposition and the construction of the generalized Bremmer coupling series are combined with the application of modern phase space and path (functional) integral methods to, ultimately, suggest an inversion algorithm which can be interpreted as a method of "tracing waves." This paper is intended to provide the seismic community with an introduction to these approaches to direct and inverse wave propagation and scattering, intertwining some of the most recent new results with the basic outline of the theory, and culminating in an outline of the extended, asymptotic, seismic inversion algorithm. Modeling at the level of the fixed-frequency (elliptic), scalar Helmholtz equation, exact and uniform asymptotic constructions of the well-known, and fundamentally important, square-root Helmholtz operator (symbol) provide the most important results. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Fishman, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 159 IS 7-8 BP 1637 EP 1679 DI 10.1007/s00024-002-8701-3 PG 43 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 584CW UT WOS:000177450500014 ER PT J AU Jerzak, W Collins, MD Evans, RB Lingevitch, JF Siegmann, WL AF Jerzak, W Collins, MD Evans, RB Lingevitch, JF Siegmann, WL TI Parabolic equation techniques for seismic waves SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE parabolic equation; seismology; one-way wave equation; elastic waves ID SELF-STARTER; ENERGY-CONSERVATION; ELASTIC MEDIA; PROPAGATION AB Parabolic equation techniques for solving seismic wave propagation problems are discussed. These techniques provide an excellent combination of accuracy and efficiency for problems involving laterally varying media. Due to recent improvements, the parabolic equation method is applicable to problems involving wide propagation angles, large variations in the properties of the medium, and all types of waves. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12181 USA. USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, New London, CT USA. RP Jerzak, W (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12181 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 159 IS 7-8 BP 1681 EP 1689 DI 10.1007/s00024-002-8702-2 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 584CW UT WOS:000177450500015 ER PT J AU Doyle, JD Volkert, H Dornbrack, A Hoinka, KP Hogan, TF AF Doyle, JD Volkert, H Dornbrack, A Hoinka, KP Hogan, TF TI Aircraft measurements and numerical simulations of mountain waves over the central Alps: A pre-MAP test case SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Fohn; gravity waves; Mesoscale Alpine Project; numerical modelling ID DOWNSLOPE WINDSTORM; TURBULENCE; BREAKING; DRAG AB In preparation for the field phase of the Mesoscale Alpine Project (MAP), in situ research-aircraft observations from the DLR Falcon, and three-dimensional high-resolution numerical simulations are used to investigate mountain waves generated during a south folin event on 10 October 1987. The model simulation qualitatively compares favourably with tire aircraft observations in terms of identifying the horizontal and vertical locations of maximum gravity-wave amplitude and rapid decay of wave amplitudes in tire lower stratosphere. However, even with reasonably specified large-scale conditions, tire vertical velocity and temperature perturbations are not in quantitative agreement with the aircraft measurements. The results highlight some deficiencies that still exist in our predictive capability to simulate gravity-wave generation and propagation explicitly over three-dimensional topography for non-steady conditions. Tire complexity of the gravity-wave response points toward the necessity of a straightforward aircraft observing strategy that features linear flight segments oriented along the cross-mountain wind direction, a rapid repetition of these segments in order to assess the significance of transients, and a combination of in situ measurements with remote-sensing data (e.g. from lidar systems and dropsondes), an approach that Was Successfully applied during the MAP. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Doyle, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Volkert, Hans/A-7041-2013 OI Volkert, Hans/0000-0003-1688-208X NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 128 IS 584 BP 2175 EP 2184 DI 10.1256/003590002320603601 PN B PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 587NB UT WOS:000177646300021 ER PT J AU Sherman, RG Prusinski, L Ravenel, MC Joralmon, RA AF Sherman, RG Prusinski, L Ravenel, MC Joralmon, RA TI Oral candidosis SO QUINTESSENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Candida; fungal; immunosuppression; opportunistic infection; oral candidosis; oral infection; thrush ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; OROPHARYNGEAL CANDIDIASIS; DENTURE STOMATITIS; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; ANTIFUNGAL THERAPY; FLUCONAZOLE; MANAGEMENT; ALBICANS; ITRACONAZOLE; RESISTANCE AB Oral candidosis is the most common opportunistic fungal infection encountered in dentistry. Normally a benign inhabitant of mucous membranes, the fungal organism, Candida albicans, may present serious, even life-threatening infection in specific patient populations. As an opportunistic organism, Candida albicans is extremely responsive to any process resulting in immunosuppression. The clinical manifestations of oral candidosis are variable, occasionally complicating the clinical diagnosis and management. Treatment is often initially rendered based on a provisional clinical diagnosis and supplemented with adjunctive laboratory tests. Specific therapeutic intervention should be tailored to the individual patient, based on the current health status of the patient and the clinical presentation and severity of the infection. C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Dept Oral Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Dent Ctr, Recruit Inproc Facil, Marine Corps Recruiting Depot, Parris Isl, SC USA. USN, Training Ctr Great Lakes, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Sherman, RG (reprint author), USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Dept Oral Med, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 3 PU QUINTESSENCE PUBL CO INC PI CAROL STREAM PA 551 NORTH KIMBERLY DR, CAROL STREAM, IL 60188-1881 USA SN 0033-6572 J9 QUINTESSENCE INT JI Quintessence Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 33 IS 7 BP 521 EP 532 PG 12 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 577YW UT WOS:000177091500007 PM 12165988 ER PT J AU Prusinski, L Sherman, RG Ravenel, MC Joralmon, RA AF Prusinski, L Sherman, RG Ravenel, MC Joralmon, RA TI Pseudomembranous candidosis in nephrotic syndrome: A case report SO QUINTESSENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE antifungal agent; nephrotic syndrome; oral lesion; pseudomembranous candidosis; thrush ID FOCAL-SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS; THERAPY; ADULTS AB A 33-year-old male presented for evaluation of several large, recently discovered white oral lesions of unknown duration. Clinical examination revealed multiple white plaques on the soft palate, uvula, buccal mucosa, and tongue. These lesions could be wiped away, leaving an erythematous base. The lesions were asymptomatic, and the patient did not report difficulty in swallowing. The patient's medical history was noteworthy for several significant diagnoses within the previous 6 months: type 2 diabetes mellitus, mild systolic hypertension, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and adult idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, determined by kidney biopsy to be caused by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. A provisional diagnosis of pseudomembranous candidosis was made, and the patient responded to a 14-day course of clotrimazole, administered in 10-mg troches, five times a day. Management of nephrotic syndrome predisposes patients to recurrent fungal infections, and the disease has implications for the selection of systemic antifungal agents. C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Dept Oral Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Dent Ctr, Recruit Inproc Facil, Marine Corps Recruiting Depot, Parris Isl, SC USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Coll Dent Med, Dept Stomatol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. USN, Training Ctr Great Lakes, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Sherman, RG (reprint author), USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Dept Oral Med, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUINTESSENCE PUBL CO INC PI CAROL STREAM PA 551 NORTH KIMBERLY DR, CAROL STREAM, IL 60188-1881 USA SN 0033-6572 J9 QUINTESSENCE INT JI Quintessence Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 33 IS 7 BP 533 EP 535 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 577YW UT WOS:000177091500008 PM 12165989 ER PT J AU Pickhardt, PJ Bhalla, S Balfe, DM AF Pickhardt, PJ Bhalla, S Balfe, DM TI Acquired gastrointestinal fistulas: Classification, etiologies, and imaging evaluation SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE barium enema examination; fistula, gastrointestinal tract; fistula, genitourinary system; gastrointestinal tract, CT; gastrointestinal tract, radiography; genitourinary system, CT; review ID PRIMARY AORTODUODENAL FISTULA; SPINAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS; CROHNS-DISEASE; AORTOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; CT FINDINGS; ENTEROCUTANEOUS FISTULAS; URETEROCOLIC FISTULA; DIVERTICULAR-DISEASE; AORTOENTERIC FISTULA AB Fistulas are abnormal communications between two epithelial-lined surfaces. Gastrointestinal fistulas encompass all such connections that involve the alimentary tract, and they can be congenital or acquired in nature. This review focuses on acquired gastrointestinal fistulas. Development of an acquired gastrointestinal fistula can greatly affect patient outcome, yet the clinical manifestations are often protean in nature and the etiology, elusive. Imaging plays an important role in the detection and management of acquired gastrointestinal fistulas. The more routine use of cross-sectional imaging (especially computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) has altered the standard sequence of radiologic evaluation for possible fistulas, but fluoroscopic studies remain a valuable complement, especially for confirming and defining the anomalous communications. In this review, a classification scheme for gastrointestinal fistulas is provided, major causes are discussed, and individual fistula types are elaborated with an emphasis on contemporary imaging approaches. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Mallinckrodt Inst Radiol, St Louis, MO USA. RP Pickhardt, PJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 116 TC 59 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 5 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 224 IS 1 BP 9 EP 23 DI 10.1148/radiol.2241011185 PG 15 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 566XZ UT WOS:000176454700004 PM 12091657 ER PT J AU Burt, EA Ekstrom, CR AF Burt, EA Ekstrom, CR TI Optimal three-layer cylindrical magnetic shield sets for scientific applications SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB We present results from modeling axial shielding effectiveness for various configurations of three-layer cylindrical magnetic shield sets. In particular, we examine the effect on shielding of spacing between shield layers, end cap geometry, and end cap holes as well as gaps between mating surfaces. We find that shield spacing is critical and that increased radial spacing continues to improve overall shielding at least up to the point where the ratio of the outer shield diameter to its length approaches 1. The analysis suggests that further increases in shield diameter would improve the shielding, but since this quickly becomes uneconomical, we present an approach that optimizes the cost-benefit ratio of a shield set. Finally, we describe a three-layer shield set design based on this analysis and present results demonstrating an axial shielding effectiveness of 3.5(4)x10(4). (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Burt, EA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 73 IS 7 BP 2699 EP 2704 DI 10.1063/1.1487892 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 566KP UT WOS:000176427500030 ER PT J AU Yang, CH Chang, TH Yang, MJ Moore, WJ AF Yang, CH Chang, TH Yang, MJ Moore, WJ TI A low noise transimpedance amplifier for cryogenically cooled quartz tuning fork force sensors SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPE; RESOLUTION AB We have designed and built a low noise, broadband transimpedance amplifier that allows for sensing both the amplitude and phase of an oscillating quartz tuning fork for a cryogenic atomic force microscope. The circuit uses a global feedback scheme, where the input stage, located next to the quartz tuning fork at low temperature, is followed by an operational amplifier stage operated at room temperature. At 4.2 K, with a 1 MOmega metal film feedback resistor, the amplifier yields an output noise floor of 2x10(-7) V/rootHz and a bandwidth of 200 kHz. When it is used with a commercial 32 kHz quartz tuning fork, the calibrated sensitivity at 4.2 K is determined to be 30.8 muV/pm. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Yang, CH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 73 IS 7 BP 2713 EP 2716 DI 10.1063/1.1487890 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 566KP UT WOS:000176427500032 ER PT J AU Bates, JW AF Bates, JW TI Studies of non-classical shock wave phenomena SO SHOCK WAVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Shock Waves CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL FT WORTH, TEXAS DE non-classical shocks; van der Waals gas; D'yakov-Kontorovich instability ID COMPRESSED LIQUID DEUTERIUM; MONATOMIC GASES; HEAT-CONDUCTION; STABILITY; HYDROGEN; INSTABILITY; EQUATION; STATE; FLOW AB Most of our physical intuition regarding compressible flows and shock wave dynamics is based on experience with perfect gases in the context of an ideal fluid description. While this model is often a good approximation, there are some hydrodynamic systems in which shocks can exhibit behavior that lies outside of the classical phenomenology. Here, we present numerical simulations of a variety of such exotic shock wave effects, including "anomalous" behavior in so-called Bethe-Zel 'dovich-Thompson fluids, shock "splitting." the D'yakov-Kontorovich instability, and the influence of nonlinear heat transfer on shock structure in strong point explosions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bates, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-1287 J9 SHOCK WAVES JI Shock Waves PD JUL PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s001930200125 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 579LT UT WOS:000177180000005 ER PT J AU Petrovykh, DY Altmann, KN Lin, JL Himpsel, FJ Leibsle, FM AF Petrovykh, DY Altmann, KN Lin, JL Himpsel, FJ Leibsle, FM TI Single domain Ca-induced reconstruction on vicinal Si(111) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy; scanning tunneling microscopy; surface electronic phenomena (work function, surface potential, surface states, etc.); surface relaxation and reconstruction; silicon; alkaline earth metals; vicinal single crystal surfaces ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SI ATOM DENSITY; REGULAR STEP ARRAYS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; ADSORPTION; INTERFACE; SILICON; MG; TRANSFORMATION AB High-quality vicinal Si(111) surfaces are used as templates to create single domains of the Si(111)3 x 1-Ca reconstruction which exhibit atomic chains parallel to Si steps. Scanning tunneling microscope images support the formation of honeycomb chains of Si atoms, rather than zigzag chains proposed in earlier models. Angle-resolved photoemission is used to map out the dispersion of valence band states parallel and perpendicular to the chains. A gap of approximate to0.9 eV is found below the Fermi level with both in-plane and out-of-plane polarization of the synchrotron light. The observed semiconducting behavior suggests that the honeycomb chain channel model proposed for the alkali-induced 3 x 1 reconstruction be modified for divalent alkaline earths, e.g. a 3 x 2 structure with 1/6 monolayer coverage. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6177, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dmitri@stm2.nrl.navy.mil; fhimpsel@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Petrovykh, Dmitri/A-3432-2008 OI Petrovykh, Dmitri/0000-0001-9089-4076 NR 51 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 512 IS 3 BP 269 EP 280 AR PII S0039-6028(02)01693-X DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)01693-X PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 575YZ UT WOS:000176977200012 ER PT J AU Margalit, E Maia, M Weiland, JD Greenberg, RJ Fujii, GY Torres, G Piyathaisere, DV O'Hearn, TM Liu, WT Lazzi, G Dagnelie, G Scribner, DA de Juan, E Humayun, MS AF Margalit, E Maia, M Weiland, JD Greenberg, RJ Fujii, GY Torres, G Piyathaisere, DV O'Hearn, TM Liu, WT Lazzi, G Dagnelie, G Scribner, DA de Juan, E Humayun, MS TI Retinal prosthesis for the blind SO SURVEY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE artificial vision; blindness; cortical prosthesis; electrical stimulation; electronic implants; macular degeneration; optic nerve; optic nerve prosthesis; retina; retinal prosthesis; retinitis pigmentosa; visual cortex; visual prosthesis ID PIXELIZED VISION SYSTEM; INTRACORTICAL ELECTRODE ARRAY; ELECTRICALLY-EVOKED RESPONSE; IRIDIUM OXIDE ELECTRODES; HUMAN OCCIPITAL CORTEX; CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RETINITIS-PIGMENTOSA; VISUAL-CORTEX; MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS; NEURAL STIMULATION AB Most of current concepts for a visual prosthesis are based on neuronal electrical stimulation at different locations along the visual pathways within the central nervous system. The different designs of Visual prostheses are named according to their locations (i.e., cortical, optic nerve, subretinal, and epiretinal). Visual loss caused by outer retinal degeneration in diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa or age-related macular degeneration can be reversed by electrical Stimulation of the retina or the optic nerve (retinal or optic nerve prostheses, respectively). On the other hand, Visual loss caused by inner or whole thickness retinal diseases, eye loss, optic nerve diseases (tumors, ischemia, inflammatory processes etc.), or diseases of the central nervous system (not including diseases of the primary and secondary visual cortices) can be reversed by a cortical visual prosthesis. The intent of this article is to provide an overview of current and future concepts of retinal and optic nerve prostheses. This article will begin with general considerations that are related to all Or most Of visual prostheses and then concentrate on the retinal and optic nerve designs. The authors believe that the field has grown beyond the scope of a single article so cortical prostheses will be described only because of their direct effect oil the concept and technical development of the other prostheses, and this will be done in a more general and historic perspective.. (C) 2002 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wilmer Eye Inst, Intraocular Prosthesis Grp, Baltimore, MD USA. Second Sight LLC, Valencia, CA USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Humayun, MS (reprint author), Wilmer Ophthalmol Inst, Maumenee 738,600 N Wolf St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY012843, R209EY11888, R24EY12893-01] NR 171 TC 259 Z9 278 U1 2 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0039-6257 J9 SURV OPHTHALMOL JI Surv. Ophthalmol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 47 IS 4 BP 335 EP 356 AR PII S0039-6257(02)00311-9 DI 10.1016/S0039-6257(02)00311-9 PG 22 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 581MN UT WOS:000177296300002 PM 12161210 ER PT J AU Sedyaningsih-Mamahit, ER Larasati, RP Laras, K Sidemen, A Sukri, N Sabaruddin, N Didi, S Saragih, JM Myint, KSA Endy, TP Sulaiman, A Campbell, JR Corwin, AL AF Sedyaningsih-Mamahit, ER Larasati, RP Laras, K Sidemen, A Sukri, N Sabaruddin, N Didi, S Saragih, JM Myint, KSA Endy, TP Sulaiman, A Campbell, JR Corwin, AL TI First documented outbreak of hepatitis E virus transmission in Java, Indonesia SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE hepatitis E virus; infections; outbreak; prevalence; serology; polymerase chain reaction; risk factors; Indonesia ID EPIDEMIC; MONKEYS AB A suspected hepatitis outbreak occurred in Bondowoso District, East Java Province, Indonesia, in March-May 1998. An investigation was initiated in April 1998, involving a retrospective review of hospital records, a community-based cross-sectional study, and a health service-based case detection and household follow-up. Sera and epidemiological information were collected from 962 individuals: 235 from 3 outbreak-affected communities along the same rural stretch of river, 101 from community controls living distant from the river, 151 cases detected in health centres, 141 family members of the cases, and 334 subjects from neighbouring families. The prevalence of acute hepatitis E virus (HEV), based on anti-HEV IgM, total antibody (Ig) to HEV and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), was significantly (P < 0(.)00001) higher (52(.)4%) among the outbreak communities than among the community controls (3%). The background prevalence of HEV, based on anti-HEV IgG, was also significantly (P < 0(.)00001) higher (47%) among the outbreak communities than among the community controls (3%). None of the 476 sera screened for anti-HAV (hepatitis A virus) IgM was positive. These results indicate that HEV was the aetiological agent responsible for the outbreak. The overall attack rate (AR) for the 3 outbreak-affected communities surveyed was 19%, with AR determined on the basis of clinically recognized, acute jaundice illness. The usage of river water as primary source for bathing, human-waste disposal, and drinking purposes differed significantly (P < 0(.)00001) between the communities in outbreak areas and those in non-outbreak areas. There is no significant influence attributed to 'boiling water' on acute HEV. No climatic influences (flooding or drought) predisposed this instance of epidemic HEV transmission. This outbreak represents the first documented evidence of epidemic HEV transmission in Java, Indonesia. C1 Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Minist Hlth, E Java Provincial Hlth Author Off, Surabaya, Indonesia. Minist Hlth, Directorate Gen Communicable Dis Control & Enviro, Jakarta, Indonesia. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. Univ Indonesia, Sch Med, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Corwin, AL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, American Embassy Jakarta, Unit NAMRU TWO, FPO, AP 96520 USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 96 IS 4 BP 398 EP 404 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(02)90373-1 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 639GR UT WOS:000180619700008 PM 12497976 ER PT J AU Dvorak, SD Wahl, KJ Singer, IL AF Dvorak, SD Wahl, KJ Singer, IL TI Friction Behavior of boric acid and annealed boron carbide coatings studied by in situ Raman tribometry SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; friction coefficient; carbide coatings ID SLIDING CONTACT; THIN-FILMS; WEAR; CARBON; COMPOSITE; SURFACES AB The sliding friction behavior of boric acid and annealed boron carbide coatings has been investigated by in situ Raman tribometry. Reciprocating sliding tests were performed in air (similar to20% relative humidity) at 1 mm/s with a transparent sapphire hemisphere dead weight loaded against the coated substrates. A homebuilt micro-Raman tribometer recorded the friction fierce as well as allowed both visualization and Raman spectroscopy of the contacts during sliding. Friction coefficients for the boric acid films remained low (mu similar to 0.06) throughout sliding until failure (mu similar to 0.7), at which time boric acid was lost from the contact and substrate material (aluminum) transferred to the slider Friction coefficients for the annealed boron carbide, known to form boric acid surface films upon cooling, were initially low (0.08), then gradually increased and leveled out at about 0.2. Raman spectroscopy revealed a mixture of boric acid and carbon initially; but as the friction coefficient rose, the boric acid intensity decreased to zero while the carbon intensity increased. Correlations between friction coefficients and amounts of solid lubricating material in the contact are presented, and the role of third bodies in controlling friction is discussed. C1 Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dvorak, SD (reprint author), Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 354 EP 362 DI 10.1080/10402000208982560 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 575JE UT WOS:000176942500011 ER PT J AU Scharf, TW Singer, IL AF Scharf, TW Singer, IL TI Role of third bodies in friction behavior of diamond-like nanocomposite coatings studied by in situ tribometry SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE friction; solid lubricants; surface films/coatings; wear; wear particles ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CARBON-FILMS; WEAR BEHAVIOR; SLIDING CONTACT; MOS2 COATINGS; TRIBOLOGY; STEEL AB The friction and wear behavior of amorphous diamond-like nanocomposite (DLN) coatings (C:H:Si:O) in low speed, dry sliding contact has been investigated using a home-built in situ tribometer. Tests were performed under reciprocating sliding against sapphire and steel hemispheres in dry (similar to4% RH) and moist (35 to 52% RH) air at contact stresses of 0.7 and 1.1 GPa. In situ visual observations identified how third body processes affected the friction behavior of DLN coatings. For all test conditions, a transfer film began to form on the sapphire hemisphere during the first cycle, and the coefficient of friction dropped during further buildup of the transfer film. Video analysis showed most of the sliding motion took place between the transfer film on the hemisphere and the DLN coating. This velocity accommodation made, interfacial sliding, was responsible for steady-state friction coefficients between 0.03 and 0.05 with lower values obtained at high stress and low RH. When the tran, fer film broke tip the friction began to spike (0.1 less than or equal to mu less than or equal to 0.5); during the spikes, shearing of third bodies also contributed to velocity accommodation, as debris attached, detached and recirculated between the hemisphere and the track. Subsequently, the friction coefficient fluctuated between low and high values due to reformation and breakup of the transfer film, respectively. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scharf, TW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 36 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 363 EP 371 DI 10.1080/10402000208982561 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 575JE UT WOS:000176942500012 ER PT J AU Auge, BK Lallas, CD Pietrow, PK Zhong, P Preminger, GM AF Auge, BK Lallas, CD Pietrow, PK Zhong, P Preminger, GM TI In vitro comparison of standard ultrasound and pneumatic lithotrites with a new combination intracorporeal lithotripsy device SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SWISS LITHOCLAST; CALCULI; LITHOVAC; REMOVAL AB Objectives. A new combination intracorporeal lithotripter (Lithoclast Ultra) has been developed that incorporates the beneficial effects of pneumatic lithotripsy (rapid stone fragmentation) and ultrasound lithotripsy (rapid fragment removal). An in vitro study was performed to assess the efficiency of stone fragmentation and clearance of this new combination intracorporeal lithotripter compared with currently available ultrasound and pneumatic units. Methods. Pneumatic and ultrasound lithotrites, along with the combination pneumatic/ultrasound unit, were used through a rigid 27F nephroscope to fragment and remove phantom stones made of BegoForm. The mean fragment removal times and stone fragment sizes for the standard ultrasound and pneumatic devices were compared with the combination unit to determine the completeness and efficiency of stone fragmentation and removal. Results. The average time for stone clearance using the pneumatic and ultrasound devices was 23.8 and 12.9 minutes, respectively. The combination pneumatic/ultrasound unit was significantly more efficient, requiring only 7.4 minutes to completely fragment and clear all stone material (P < 0.002). In addition, the average size of the 15 largest fragments removed was significantly less with the combination device than with the pneumatic and ultrasound lithotrites (1.67 mm versus 9.07 mm and 3.67 mm, respectively, P < 0.00001). Conclusions. The combination of pneumatic and ultrasound capabilities in a newly developed lithotrite exhibited a significantly enhanced ability to fragment and clear phantom stones compared with standard ultrasound or pneumatic devices alone. These preliminary studies suggest that this combination pneumatic/ultrasound lithotripter may be an ideal device for the expeditious removal of large-volume renal or bladder calculi. Additional studies are warranted to better assess the capabilities of this new device in treating human stones of various compositions and its safety, as well as the optimal power and frequency settings. (C) 2002, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol,USN Comprehens Kidney Stone Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Preminger, GM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol,USN Comprehens Kidney Stone Ctr, Box 3167,Rm 1573 White Zone, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RI Preminger, Glenn/B-3990-2011 OI Preminger, Glenn/0000-0003-4287-602X NR 21 TC 25 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD JUL PY 2002 VL 60 IS 1 BP 28 EP 32 AR PII S0090-4295(02)01624-2 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)01624-2 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 570TR UT WOS:000176674600005 PM 12100916 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Li, BS Zhao, WQ Chang, YH Ma, W Dragan, M Barker, JL Hu, Q Rubinow, DR AF Zhang, L Li, BS Zhao, WQ Chang, YH Ma, W Dragan, M Barker, JL Hu, Q Rubinow, DR TI Sex-related differences in MAPKs activation in rat astrocytes: effects of estrogen on cell death SO MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE estrogen; kinases; astrocyte; proliferation; cell death; sexual dimorphism ID HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; PROTEIN-KINASE ACTIVITY; NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; NEURAL DEVELOPMENT; DOPAMINE RELEASE; BASAL FOREBRAIN; ESTRADIOL; NEURONS AB Gender-related differences in the unstimulated and estrogen-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK1 and ERK2, cell proliferation, and cell death were examined using rat cortical astrocytes in culture. Females have higher unstimulated levels of phosphorylated ERK1 and ERK2 than males. 17beta-Estradiol (E-2) decreases activation of ERK1 and ERK2, with females showing a greater response than males. Further, E-2 results in more inhibition of DNA synthesis and greater increase in cell death in females than in males. The inhibitory effects of E-2 on DNA synthesis are mimicked and enhanced by a specific MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitor, PD98059. Finally, the inhibitory effects of E-2 are blocked by the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen in astrocytes from females but not males, with ER-alpha (estrogen receptor alpha) present in the former but not the latter. Taken together, these results suggest that the sex differences in unstimulated and estrogen-modulated activation of MAPKs may result in differential regulation of cell proliferation and death in astrocytes and possibly contribute to sexual dimorphisms in brain development. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NIMH, Behav Endocrinol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NINDS, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NINDS, Neurochem Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Rubinow, DR (reprint author), NIMH, Behav Endocrinol Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 3N238,10 Ctr Dr MSC 1276, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 47 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-328X J9 MOL BRAIN RES JI Mol. Brain Res. PD JUN 30 PY 2002 VL 103 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 11 AR PII S0169-328X(02)00130-4 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 583YV UT WOS:000177440400001 ER PT J AU Wilson, A Bozzolo, G Noebe, RD Howe, JM AF Wilson, A Bozzolo, G Noebe, RD Howe, JM TI Experimental verification of the theoretical prediction of the phase structure of a Ni-Al-Ti-Cr-Cu alloy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE NiAl alloys; intermetallic; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); atomistic modeling; BFS method; Monte Carlo simulations ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ADDITIONS; SURFACES; SYSTEMS AB The Bozzolo-Ferrante-Smith (BFS) method for alloys was applied to the study of NiAl-based materials to assess the effect of alloying additions on structure. Ternary, quaternary and even pentalloys based on NiAl with additions of Ti, Cr and Cu were studied and experimental verification of the theoretical predictions including the phase structure of a Ni-Al-Ti-Cr-Cu alloy is presented. Two approaches were used, Monte Carlo simulations to determine low energy structures, and analytical calculations of the energy of high symmetry configurations which give physical insight into preferred structures. The energetics for site occupancy in ternary and quaternary systems were calculated leading to an indirect determination of solubility limits at 0 K. Precipitate formation with information concerning structure and lattice parameter were also 'observed' computationally and the general characteristics of a Ni-Al-Ti-Cr-Cu alloy were correctly predicted. The results indicate that the BFS method for alloys can be a useful tool for alloy design and can be used to complement experimental alloy design programs. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Bozzolo, G (reprint author), Ohio Aerosp Inst, 22800 Cedar Point Rd, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. EM guillermo.h.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN 28 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 11 BP 2787 EP 2800 AR PII S1359-6454(02)00095-2 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00095-2 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 576GD UT WOS:000176994000003 ER PT J AU Pande, CS Rajagopal, AK AF Pande, CS Rajagopal, AK TI Modeling of grain growth in two dimensions SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE grain growth; bivariate distribution ID STOCHASTIC-THEORY; TOPOLOGY AB A detailed consideration of the time-dependent bivariate distribution P(R,n;t) in both the grain size R, and the number of sides n of the grain in two dimensions is given. Using this formalism and the von Neumann law, an explicit form of the Fokker-Planck equation for the marginal distribution F(R,t) is provided. Based on available experimental evidence an explicit form of bivariate distribution is also constructed and its consequences are examined. Bivariate analysis shows the crucial importance of the correlation between the grain size and its number of sides and provides a more fundamental underpinning to modeling of Grain Growth. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN 28 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 11 BP 3013 EP 3021 AR PII S1359-6454(02)00130-1 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00130-1 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 576GD UT WOS:000176994000020 ER PT J AU Wei, ZL Sakamuri, S Petukhov, PA George, C Lewin, NE Blumberg, PM Kozikowski, AP AF Wei, ZL Sakamuri, S Petukhov, PA George, C Lewin, NE Blumberg, PM Kozikowski, AP TI Synthesis and modeling study of (2S,5R,6R)- and (2S,5R,6S)-6-hydroxy-8-(1-decynyl)-benzolactam-V8 as protein kinase C modulators SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATOR-BINDING DOMAIN; BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; TUMOR PROMOTERS; STRUCTURAL BASIS; LYNGBYATOXIN-A; INDOLACTAM-V; PKC-DELTA; ANALOGS; TELEOCIDIN AB [GRAPHICS] Both (2S,5R,6R)- and (2S,5R,6S)-6-hydroxy-8-(1-decynyl)benzolactam-V8 were designed and synthesized as PKC modulators. Biological assays reveal the (6R)-ligand to be 20-fold more potent than its (6S)-counterpart in binding to PKCalpha. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Drug Discovery Program, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NCI, Cellular Carcinogenesis & Tumor Promot Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Kozikowski, AP (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Drug Discovery Program, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 79601] NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD JUN 27 PY 2002 VL 4 IS 13 BP 2169 EP 2172 DI 10.1021/ol026013u PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 565DY UT WOS:000176354700014 PM 12074659 ER PT J AU Dzhioev, RI Korenev, VL Merkulov, IA Zakharchenya, BP Gammon, D Efros, AL Katzer, DS AF Dzhioev, RI Korenev, VL Merkulov, IA Zakharchenya, BP Gammon, D Efros, AL Katzer, DS TI Manipulation of the spin memory of electrons in n-GaAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-DETECTION; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; QUANTUM-WELLS; RELAXATION; STATES AB We report on the optical manipulation of the electron spin relaxation time in a GaAs-based heterostructure. Experimental and theoretical study shows that the average electron spin relaxes through hyperfine interaction with the lattice nuclei, and that the rate can be controlled by electron-electron interactions. This time has been changed from 300 ns down to 5 ns by variation of the laser frequency. This modification originates in the optically induced depletion of an n-GaAs layer. C1 AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Korenev, VL (reprint author), AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013; Korenev, Vladimir/C-1107-2014 NR 19 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 24 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 25 AR 256801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.256801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 568QX UT WOS:000176554800035 PM 12097110 ER PT J AU Paluch, M Roland, CM Pawlus, S AF Paluch, M Roland, CM Pawlus, S TI Temperature and pressure dependence of the alpha-relaxation in polymethylphenylsiloxane SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DEPENDENCE; GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; FRAGILE GLASS FORMERS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; FORMING LIQUIDS; POLYISOPRENE; SPECTROSCOPY; VISCOSITY AB The alpha-relaxation process in polymethylphenylsiloxane was studied over a broad temperature and pressure range by dielectric spectroscopy. In the vicinity of the glass temperature, the shape of the dielectric loss peak is independent of both temperature and pressure. The steepness index (fragility), describing the temperature dependence of the relaxation times, is also independent of pressure (and of molecular weight as well). Thus, the correlation between fragility and nonexponentiality of the relaxation function is maintained under conditions of high compression. The combined temperature and pressure dependences of the relaxation time conformed to the Avramov equation. This model offers a means to relate the relaxation behavior to thermodynamic properties of the material. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paluch@ccsalpha3.nrl.navy.mil NR 48 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 22 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 24 BP 10932 EP 10937 DI 10.1063/1.1478767 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 560DF UT WOS:000176066200044 ER PT J AU Revesz, AG Anwand, W Brauer, G Hughes, HL Skorupa, W AF Revesz, AG Anwand, W Brauer, G Hughes, HL Skorupa, W TI Density gradient in SiO2 films on silicon as revealed by positron annihilation spectroscopy SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE positron annihilation; Si/SiO2 structures ID SIO2-FILMS AB Positron annihilation spectroscopy of thermally grown and deposited SiO2 films on silicon shows in a non-destructive manner that these films have a gradient in their density. The gradient is most pronounced for the oxide grown in dry oxygen. Oxidation in water-containing ambient results in an oxide with reduced gradient, similarly to the gradient in the deposited oxide. These observations are in accordance with earlier optical and other studies using stepwise etching or a set of samples of varying thickness. The effective oxygen charge, which is very likely one of the reasons for the difference in the W parameters of silica glass and quartz crystal, could be even higher at some localized configurations in the SiO2 films resulting in increased positron trapping. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Revesz Associates, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Revesz, AG (reprint author), Revesz Associates, 7910 Pk Overlook Dr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JUN 21 PY 2002 VL 194 IS 1-4 BP 101 EP 105 AR PII S0169-4332(02)00096-X DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00096-X PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 584ZT UT WOS:000177499200021 ER PT J AU Doss-Hammel, SM Zeisse, CR Barrios, AE de Leeuw, G Moerman, M de Jong, AN Frederickson, PA Davidson, KL AF Doss-Hammel, SM Zeisse, CR Barrios, AE de Leeuw, G Moerman, M de Jong, AN Frederickson, PA Davidson, KL TI Low-altitude infrared propagation in a coastal zone: refraction and scattering SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; AEROSOL; SYSTEMS; WATER AB Midwave and long-wave infrared propagation were measured in the marine atmosphere close to the surface of the ocean, Data were collected near San Diego Bay for two weeks in November 1996 over a 15-km horizontal path, The data are interpreted in terms of effects expected from molecules, aerosol particles, and refraction. Aerosol particles area dominant influence in this coastal zone. They induce a diurnal variation in transmission as their character changes with regular changes in wind direction. A refractive propagation factor calculation is introduced, and it is systematically applied to the model and to the data analysis. It is shown that this refractive propagation factor is a necessary component of a complete near-sea-surface infrared transmission model. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr D858, Atmospher Propagat Branch, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. TNO, Phys & Elect Lab, NL-2509 JG The Hague, Netherlands. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr D858, Atmospher Propagat Branch, 48170 Propagat Path, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM hammel@spawar.navy.mil NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 18 BP 3706 EP 3724 DI 10.1364/AO.41.003706 PG 19 WC Optics SC Optics GA 563UJ UT WOS:000176274200027 PM 12078698 ER PT J AU Pooley, D Lewin, WHG Fox, DW Miller, JM Lacey, CK Van Dyk, SD Weiler, KW Sramek, RA Filippenko, AV Leonard, DC Immler, S Chevalier, RA Fabian, AC Fransson, C Nomoto, K AF Pooley, D Lewin, WHG Fox, DW Miller, JM Lacey, CK Van Dyk, SD Weiler, KW Sramek, RA Filippenko, AV Leonard, DC Immler, S Chevalier, RA Fabian, AC Fransson, C Nomoto, K TI X-ray, optical, and radio observations of the type II supernovae 1999em and 1998S SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE radio continuum : ISM; stars : mass loss; supernovae : individual (SN 1998S, SN 1999em); X-rays : individual (SN 1998S, SN 1999em); X-rays : ISM ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; THEORETICAL LIGHT-CURVE; SN 1993J; CIRCUMSTELLAR INTERACTION; CLUMPY WIND; LOW-MASS; EMISSION; EJECTA; SN-1980K; EVOLUTION AB Observations of the Type II-P ( plateau) supernova SN 1999em and Type IIn ( narrow emission line) SN 1998S have enabled estimation of the pro le of the SN ejecta, the structure of the circumstellar medium (CSM) established by the pre-SN stellar wind, and the nature of the shock interaction. SN 1999em is the first Type II-P detected at both X-ray and radio wavelengths. It is the least radio luminous and one of the least X-ray luminous SNe ever detected ( except for the unusual and very close SN 1987A). The Chandra X-ray data indicate nonradiative interaction of SN ejecta with a power-law density profile (rho proportional to r(n), with n similar to 7) for a pre-SN wind with a low mass-loss rate of similar to2 x 10(-6) M. yr(-1) for a wind velocity of 10 km s(-1), in agreement with radio mass-loss rate estimates. The Chandra data show an unexpected, temporary rise in the 0.4-2.0 keV X-ray flux at similar to100 days after explosion. SN 1998S, at an age of more than 3 yr, is still bright in X-rays and is increasing in flux density at centimeter radio wavelengths. Spectral fits to the Chandra data show that many heavy elements ( Ne, Al, Si, S, Ar, and Fe) are overabundant with respect to solar values. We compare the observed elemental abundances and abundance ratios to theoretical calculations and find that our data are consistent with a progenitor mass of approximately 15 20 M if the heavy-element ejecta are radially mixed out to a high velocity. If the X-ray emission is from the reverse shock wave region, the supernova density prole must be moderately at at a velocity similar to10(4) km s(-1), the shock front is nonradiative at the time of the observations, and the mass-loss rate is (1-2) x 10(4) M. yr(-1) for a presupernova wind velocity of 10 km s(-1). This result is also supported by modeling of the radio emission, which implies that SN 1998S is surrounded by a clumpy or filamentary CSM established by a high mass-loss rate, similar to2 10(-4) M. yr(-1), from the presupernova star. C1 MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Stockholm Observ, SE-13336 Saltsjobaden, Sweden. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP MIT, Ctr Space Res, 70 Vassar St,Bldg 37, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM dave@mit.edu; lewin@space.mit.edu; derekfox@space.mit.edu; jmm@space.mit.edu; lacey@sc.edu; vandyk@ipac.caltech.edu; weiler@rsd.nrl.navy.mil; dsramek@nrao.edu; alex@astron.berkeley.edu; leonard@nova.astro.umass.edu; immler@astro.umass.edu; rac5x@virginia.edu; acf@ast.cam.ac.uk; claes@astro.su.se; nomoto@astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Nomoto, Ken'ichi/A-4393-2011; OI Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 NR 95 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2002 VL 572 IS 2 BP 932 EP 943 DI 10.1086/340346 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 560FC UT WOS:000176071200019 ER PT J AU McConnell, ML Zdziarski, AA Bennett, K Bloemen, H Collmar, W Hermsen, W Kuiper, L Paciesas, W Phlips, BF Poutanen, J Ryan, JM Schonfelder, V Steinle, H Strong, AW AF McConnell, ML Zdziarski, AA Bennett, K Bloemen, H Collmar, W Hermsen, W Kuiper, L Paciesas, W Phlips, BF Poutanen, J Ryan, JM Schonfelder, V Steinle, H Strong, AW TI The soft gamma-ray spectral variability of Cygnus X-1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; gamma rays : observations; stars : individual (Cygnus X-1); X-rays : stars ID BLACK-HOLE CANDIDATES; STOCHASTIC PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY; ELECTRON DISTRIBUTIONS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; MEV EMISSION; COMPTONIZATION; STATE; COMPTEL AB We have used observations of Cyg X-1 from the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory and BeppoSAX to study the variation in the MeV gamma-ray emission between the hard and soft spectral states, using spectra that cover the energy range from 20 keV up to 10 MeV. These data provide evidence for significant spectral variability at energies above 1 MeV. In particular, whereas the hard X-ray flux decreases during the soft state, the flux at energies above 1 MeV increases, resulting in a significantly harder gamma-ray spectrum at energies above 1 MeV. This behavior is consistent with the general picture of galactic black hole candidates having two distinct spectral forms at soft gamma-ray energies. These data extend this picture, for the first time, to energies above 1 MeV. We have used two different hybrid thermal/nonthermal Comptonization models to fit broadband spectral data obtained in both the hard and soft spectral states. These fits provide a quantitative estimate of the electron distribution and allow us to probe the physical changes that take place during transitions between the low and high X-ray states. We find that there is a significant increase (by a factor of similar to4) in the bolometric luminosity as the source moves from the hard state to the soft state. Furthermore, the presence of a nonthermal tail in the Comptonizing electron distribution provides significant constraints on the magnetic field in the source region. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. European Space Agcy, ESTEC, Div Astrophys, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Oulu, Astron Div, Oulu 90014, Finland. RP McConnell, ML (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Poutanen, Juri/H-6651-2016 OI Poutanen, Juri/0000-0002-0983-0049 NR 77 TC 140 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2002 VL 572 IS 2 BP 984 EP 995 DI 10.1086/340436 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 560FC UT WOS:000176071200024 ER PT J AU Gao, GT Mikulski, PT Harrison, JA AF Gao, GT Mikulski, PT Harrison, JA TI Molecular-scale tribology of amorphous carbon coatings: Effects of film thickness, adhesion, and long-range interactions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DIAMOND SURFACES; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SUPERLOW FRICTION; WEAR PROPERTIES; HYDROCARBONS; MONOLAYERS; ROUGHNESS AB Classical molecular dynamics simulations have been conducted to investigate the atomic-scale friction and wear when hydrogen-terminated diamond (111) counterfaces are in sliding contact with diamond (111) surfaces coated with amorphous, hydrogen-free carbon films. Two films, with approximately the same ratio of sp(3)-to-sp(2) carbon, but different thicknesses, have been examined. Both systems give a similar average friction in the load range examined. Above a critical load, a series of tribochemical reactions occur resulting in a significant restructuring of the film. This restructuring is analogous to the "run-in" observed in macroscopic friction experiments and reduces the friction. The contribution of adhesion between the probe (counterface) and the sample to friction was examined by varying the saturation of the counterface. Decreasing the degree of counterface saturation, by reducing the hydrogen termination, increases the friction. Finally, the contribution of long-range interactions to friction was examined by using two potential energy functions that differ only in their long-range forces to examine friction in the same system. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Gao, Guangtu/F-4541-2012 NR 43 TC 132 Z9 133 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 19 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 24 BP 7202 EP 7209 DI 10.1021/ja0178618 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 562LL UT WOS:000176198200069 PM 12059246 ER PT J AU Hyams, KC Riddle, J Trump, DH Wallace, MR AF Hyams, KC Riddle, J Trump, DH Wallace, MR TI Protecting the health of United States military forces in Afghanistan: Applying lessons learned since the Gulf War SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-DEFECTS; VETERANS; SURVEILLANCE; PERSONNEL AB Four weeks after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, US combat troops began bombing missions over Afghanistan in Operation Enduring Freedom. Additional Reserve and National Guard personnel were called to active duty to support the war effort and to ensure security throughout the United States. All of these troops will require health care and assistance during and after this war on terrorism. They will benefit from recent federal legislation that has increased access to health care and from the changes implemented by the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs since the Gulf War. An innovative Defense Department "Force Health Protection" strategy places greater emphasis on helping service members and families stay healthy and fit and on preventing injury and illness. The two agencies also have developed new post-deployment clinical practice guidelines, established deployment research centers, and made further improvements in preventive medicine, health surveillance, and risk communication and are thus better prepared for this newest generation of war veterans. C1 Dept Vet Affairs, VA Cent Off 13, Off Publ Hlth & Environm Hazards, Washington, DC 20420 USA. Dept Def Armed Forces Epidemiol Board, Falls Church, VA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Hyams, KC (reprint author), Dept Vet Affairs, VA Cent Off 13, Off Publ Hlth & Environm Hazards, 810 Vermont Ave NW, Washington, DC 20420 USA. NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 34 SU 5 BP S208 EP S214 AR UNSP 1058-4838/2002/3412S5-0002 DI 10.1086/340705 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 566PX UT WOS:000176438400002 PM 12019466 ER PT J AU Kelley, MC Huaman, M Chen, CY Ramos, C Djuth, F Kennedy, E AF Kelley, MC Huaman, M Chen, CY Ramos, C Djuth, F Kennedy, E TI Polar mesosphere summer echo observations at HF frequencies using the HAARP Gakona Ionospheric Observatory SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADAR; PMSE AB [1] We present initial polar mesosphere summer echo (PMSE) observations over Alaska in the HF band. Echoes were detected near 85 km over 50% of the observation time even though it was late in the PMSE season. The signal-to-noise ratio sometimes exceeded 25 dB. We also present the effects of different transmitted powers and antenna pointing directions on PMSE strength and occurrence. There is some evidence that using 4.5 MHz electron heating occurred, even at the low duty cycle used. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Geospace Res Inc, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kelley, MC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 318 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 12 AR 1603 DI 10.1029/2001GL013411 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 610MP UT WOS:000178964100020 ER PT J AU Yin, H Huang, R Hobart, KD Suo, Z Kuan, TS Inoki, CK Shieh, SR Duffy, TS Kub, FJ Sturm, JC AF Yin, H Huang, R Hobart, KD Suo, Z Kuan, TS Inoki, CK Shieh, SR Duffy, TS Kub, FJ Sturm, JC TI Strain relaxation of SiGe islands on compliant oxide SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEXSI1-X LAYERS; SILICON; SUBSTRATE; KINETICS; GROWTH; BUFFER AB The relaxation of patterned, compressively strained, epitaxial Si0.7Ge0.3 films transferred to borophosphorosilicate (BPSG) glass by a wafer-bonding and etch-back technique was studied as an approach for fabricating defect-free Si1-xGex relaxed films. Both the desired in-plane expansion and undesired buckling of the films concurrently contribute to the relaxation. Their relative role in the relaxation process was examined experimentally and by modeling. Using x-ray diffraction, Raman scattering and atomic force microscopy, the dynamics of in-plane expansion and buckling of Si0.7Ge0.3 islands for island sizes ranging from 10 mumx 10 mum to 200 mumx200 mum for anneal temperatures between 750 and 800 degreesC was investigated. Lateral relaxation is favored in small and thick islands, and buckling is initially dominant in large and thin islands. Raising the temperature to lower viscosity of the oxide enhances the rate of both processes equally. For very long annealing times, however, the buckling disappeared, allowing larger, flat, and relaxed islands to be achieved. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observation on a relaxed Si0.70Ge0.30 island revealed no dislocations, confirming that SiGe relaxation on BPSG is a good approach to achieve high quality relaxed SiGe. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Ctr Photon & Optoelect Mat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Yin, H (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Ctr Photon & Optoelect Mat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Suo, Zhigang/B-1067-2008; Huang, Rui/B-1627-2008; Duffy, Thomas/C-9140-2017; OI Suo, Zhigang/0000-0002-4068-4844; Huang, Rui/0000-0003-0328-3862; Duffy, Thomas/0000-0002-5357-1259; Inoki, Carlos K./0000-0002-8536-1678 NR 19 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 12 BP 9716 EP 9722 DI 10.1063/1.1479757 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 557JJ UT WOS:000175905200038 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM Papantonakis, MR Toftmann, B Horwitz, JS McGill, RA Chrisey, DB Haglund, RF AF Bubb, DM Papantonakis, MR Toftmann, B Horwitz, JS McGill, RA Chrisey, DB Haglund, RF TI Effect of ablation parameters on infrared pulsed laser deposition of poly(ethylene glycol) films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREE-ELECTRON LASERS; POLYMER-FILMS; THIN-FILMS AB Polymer thin films were deposited by laser ablation using infrared radiation both resonant (2.90, 3.40, 3.45, and 8.96 mum) and nonresonant (3.30, 3.92, and 4.17 mum) with vibrational modes in the starting material, polyethylene glycol. The chemical structure of the films was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while the molecular weight distribution was investigated using gel permeation chromatography. The films deposited by resonant irradiation are superior to those deposited with nonresonant radiation with respect to both the chemical structure and the molecular weight distribution of the films. However, the molecular-weight distributions of films deposited at nonresonant infrared wavelengths show marked polymer fragmentation. Fluence and wavelength dependence studies show that the effects may be related to the degree of thermal confinement, and hence to the relative absorption strengths of the targeted vibrational modes. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, WM Keck Fdn Free Electron Laser Lab, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bubb, DM (reprint author), Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, 400 S Orange Ave, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 NR 15 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 12 BP 9809 EP 9814 DI 10.1063/1.1478136 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 557JJ UT WOS:000175905200051 ER PT J AU Yu, EZ Hallenbeck, JM Cai, DC McCarron, RM AF Yu, EZ Hallenbeck, JM Cai, DC McCarron, RM TI Elevated arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) gene expression in medial habenular and suprachiasmatic nuclei of hibernating ground squirrels SO MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE epithalamus; extra-pineal; hibernation; hypothalamus; in situ hybridization; melatonin biosynthesis ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; PINEAL-GLAND; BODY-TEMPERATURE; MAMMALIAN HIBERNATION; MELATONIN SYNTHESIS; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; SERUM MELATONIN; GOLDEN-HAMSTERS; SYRIAN-HAMSTER; SEROTONIN AB Hibernation. an adaptive response for energy conservation in mammals, involves a variety of physiological changes. Melatonin is linked with the regulation of core body temperature and intervenes in generating circadian cycles; its role in seasonal (circannual) rhythms of hibernation is explored here. Melatonin is primarily produced in the pineal gland. Since arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) is the rate-limiting enzyme for synthesizing melatonin, AA-NAT gene expression was investigated to assess the possible role of melatonin in hibernation. The findings presented here utilized combined in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry methodologies to evaluate the AA-NAT mRNA expression in brains of both hibernating and non-hibernating ground squirrels, Brains were examined for the expression of AA-NAT mRNA using a oligonucleotide AA-NAT probe: antibody against neurofilament-70 (NF-70) was used as a neuronal marker. All hibernating animals expressed significantly (P<0.01) elevated levels of AA-NAT mRNA in both the epithalamic medial habenulax nuclei (MHb) area and the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), which is also known as the master biologic clock. These findings represent the first demonstration of the expression of mRNA encoding for AA-NAT in the extra-pineal (i.e. SCN and MHb) sites of thirteen-lined ground squirrels and indicate that the habenular nucleus may be an important supplementary location for melatonin biosynthesis. The data presented here indicate that AA-NAT gene is one of the few specific genes up-regulated during hibernation and suggest that elevation of its expression in SCN and MHb may play an essential role in the generation and maintenance of hibernation, Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Resuscitat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NINDS, Stroke Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP McCarron, RM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Resuscitat Med Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM McCarronR@nmrc.navy.mil NR 53 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-328X J9 MOL BRAIN RES JI Mol. Brain Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 102 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 17 AR PII S0169-328X(02)00138-9 DI 10.1016/S0169-328X(02)00138-9 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 570FQ UT WOS:000176648600002 ER PT J AU Guest, JR Stievater, TH Li, XQ Cheng, J Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS Park, D Ell, C Thranhardt, A Khitrova, G Gibbs, HM AF Guest, JR Stievater, TH Li, XQ Cheng, J Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS Park, D Ell, C Thranhardt, A Khitrova, G Gibbs, HM TI Measurement of optical absorption by a single quantum dot exciton SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR MICROCAVITIES; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; SPECTROSCOPY; MICROSCOPY; SYSTEM; BOXES AB We have measured the optical absorption due to an exciton confined to a single interface fluctuation quantum dot by directly measuring the transmission through both a submicron aperture and near-field microscopy. The measurements reveal large dipole moments approaching 100 D at 6 K. These results are compared to theoretical predictions based on a physical size estimated from photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. The very large dipole moment makes these quantum dots attractive candidates for use in microcavities and quantum logic gates. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Guest, JR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Guest, Jeffrey/B-2715-2009; Thranhardt, Angela/A-5888-2013; Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 OI Guest, Jeffrey/0000-0002-9756-8801; NR 35 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 24 AR 241310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.241310 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 577CA UT WOS:000177043100014 ER PT J AU Myles, CW Dong, J Sankey, OF Kendziora, CA Nolas, GS AF Myles, CW Dong, J Sankey, OF Kendziora, CA Nolas, GS TI Vibrational properties of tin clathrate materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ABINITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SILICON; GE; SEMICONDUCTORS AB We have performed density functional calculations of the vibrational modes of three tin-based, cagelike clathrate materials: the pure type-I (Sn-46) and type-II (Sn-136) frameworks, and the donor/acceptor compensated compound Cs8Ga8Sn38. We have also theoretically identified the infrared- and Raman-active modes in these materials and have computed their Raman spectra. In addition, we report measurements of the Raman spectrum of Cs8Ga8Sn38 and compare the experimental spectrum with the theoretical one. By this means, we are able to unambiguously identify the low-frequency "rattling" vibrational modes in this material, which are due to the motion of the Cs atoms that are loosely bound in the Sn cages. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Myles, CW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RI Dong, Jianjun/F-5832-2010 NR 48 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 23 AR 235208 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.235208 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572HH UT WOS:000176767900073 ER PT J AU Koleske, DD Henry, RL Twigg, ME Culbertson, JC Binari, SC Wickenden, AE Fatemi, M AF Koleske, DD Henry, RL Twigg, ME Culbertson, JC Binari, SC Wickenden, AE Fatemi, M TI Influence of AlN nucleation layer temperature on GaN electronic properties grown on SiC SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PHASE EPITAXY; SAPPHIRE; COMPENSATION; OMVPE AB GaN electronic properties are shown to depend on the AlN nucleation layer (NL) growth temperature for GaN films grown on 6H- and 4H-SiC. Using identical GaN growth conditions except AlN NL growth temperature, 300 K electron mobilities of 876, 884, and 932 cm2/Vs were obtained on 6H-SiC, 4H-SiC, and 3.5degrees off-axis 6H-SiC. An AlN NL temperature of 1080 degreesC was used for the planar and 3.5degrees off-axis 6H-SiC, while an AlN NL temperature of 980 degreesC was used for 4H-SiC. Atomic force microscope images of the AlN NL grown at 1080 degreesC reveal smaller AlN grains on the 6H-SiC than those on 4H-SiC, suggesting that the AlN morphology influences GaN film formation and subsequent electron mobility. Transmission electron microscope cross section measurements reveal the absence of screw dislocations in the AlN and a low screw dislocation density near the AlN/GaN interface, consistent with the high electron mobilities achieved in these films. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Koleske, DD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 23 BP 4372 EP 4374 DI 10.1063/1.1484553 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 557JC UT WOS:000175904600028 ER PT J AU Dodelson, S Narayanan, VK Tegmark, M Scranton, R Budavari, T Connolly, A Csabai, I Eisenstein, D Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hui, L Jain, B Johnston, D Kent, S Loveday, J Nichol, RC O'Connell, L Scoccimarro, R Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Strauss, MA Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Vogeley, MS Zehavi, I Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkman, J Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Kunszt, P Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH Munn, JA Peoples, J Pier, JR Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG AF Dodelson, S Narayanan, VK Tegmark, M Scranton, R Budavari, T Connolly, A Csabai, I Eisenstein, D Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hui, L Jain, B Johnston, D Kent, S Loveday, J Nichol, RC O'Connell, L Scoccimarro, R Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Strauss, MA Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Vogeley, MS Zehavi, I Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkman, J Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Kunszt, P Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH Munn, JA Peoples, J Pier, JR Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG CA SDSS Collaboration TI The three-dimensional power spectrum from angular clustering of galaxies in early Sloan Digital Sky Survey data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : statistics ID BROAD-BAND PHOTOMETRY; HUBBLE DEEP FIELD; REDSHIFT SURVEYS; EVOLUTION AB Early photometric data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) contain angular positions for 1.5 million galaxies. In companion papers, the angular correlation function w(theta) and two-dimensional power spectrum Cl of these galaxies are presented. Here we invert Limbers equation to extract the three-dimensional power spectrum from the angular results. We accomplish this using an estimate of dn/dz, the redshift distribution of galaxies in four different magnitude slices in the SDSS photometric catalog. The resulting three-dimensional power spectrum estimates from w(theta) and C-l agree with each other and with previous estimates over a range in wavenumbers 0.03 < k/ (h Mpc(-1)) < 1. The galaxies in the faintest magnitude bin (21 < r* < 22, which have median redshift z(m) = 0.43) are less clustered than the galaxies in the brightest magnitude bin (18 < r* < 19 with z(m) = 0.17), especially on scales where nonlinearities are important. The derived power spectrum agrees with that of Szalay et al., who go directly from the raw data to a parametric estimate of the power spectrum. The strongest constraints on the shape parameter C come from the faintest galaxies (in the magnitude bin 21 < r* < 22), from which we infer Gamma = 0.14(-0.06)(+0.11) (95% CL). C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Ctr Europeen Rech Nucl, IT Div, Database Grp, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Dodelson, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 32 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2002 VL 572 IS 1 BP 140 EP 156 DI 10.1086/340225 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 559BQ UT WOS:000176005100012 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Michalek, G Kaiser, ML Howard, RA Reames, DV Leske, R von Rosenvinge, T AF Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Michalek, G Kaiser, ML Howard, RA Reames, DV Leske, R von Rosenvinge, T TI Interacting coronal mass ejections and solar energetic particles SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : particle emission; Sun : radio radiation ID RADIO; SUN AB We studied the association between solar energetic particle (SEP) events and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and found that CME interaction is an important aspect of SEP production. Each SEP event was associated with a primary CME that is faster and wider than average CMEs and originated from west of E45degrees. For most of the SEP events, the primary CME overtakes one or more slower CMEs within a heliocentric distance of similar to20 R-circle dot. In an inverse study, we found that for all the fast (speed greater than 900 km s(-1)) and wide (width greater than 60degrees) western hemispheric frontside CMEs during the study period, the SEP-associated CMEs were similar to4 times more likely to be preceded by CME interaction than the SEP-poor CMEs; i.e., CME interaction is a good discriminator between SEP-poor and SEP-associated CMEs. We infer that the efficiency of the CME-driven shocks is enhanced as they propagate through the preceding CMEs and that they accelerate SEPs from the material of the preceding CMEs rather than from the quiet solar wind. We also found a high degree of association between major SEP events and interplanetary type II radio bursts, suggesting that proton accelerators are also good electron accelerators. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, LEP, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Ctr Solar Phys & Space Weather, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, LEP, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 NR 11 TC 134 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2002 VL 572 IS 1 BP L103 EP L107 DI 10.1086/341601 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 559BW UT WOS:000176005600023 ER PT J AU Billings, L Bollt, EM Schwartz, IB AF Billings, L Bollt, EM Schwartz, IB TI Phase-space transport of stochastic chaos in population dynamics of virus spread SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID APPROXIMATION; EPIDEMICS; OUTBREAKS; NOISE AB A general way to classify stochastic chaos is presented and applied to population dynamics models. A stochastic dynamical theory is used to develop an algorithmic tool to measure the transport across basin boundaries and predict the most probable regions of transport created by noise. The results of this tool are illustrated on a model of virus spread in a large population, where transport regions reveal how noise completes the necessary manifold intersections for the creation of emerging stochastic chaos. C1 Montclair State Coll, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Billings, L (reprint author), Montclair State Coll, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 23 AR 234101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.234101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 556QM UT WOS:000175860500026 PM 12059364 ER PT J AU Surman, M Hagans, PL Wilson, NE Baily, CJ Russell, AE AF Surman, M Hagans, PL Wilson, NE Baily, CJ Russell, AE TI Adsorption of CO on Pt{111}: a synchrotron far-infrared RAIRS study SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE infrared absorption spectroscopy; vibrations of adsorbed molecules; carbon monoxide; platinum ID VIBRATIONAL PHASE RELAXATION; DIPOLE-FORBIDDEN MODES; REFLECTION-ABSORPTION; SYSTEM PT(111)-CO; SPECTROSCOPY; STRETCH; SURFACES AB Synchrotron far-IR light has allowed the rapid collection of high quality reflection-absorption infrared spectra of the metal-adsorbate stretching vibrations of CO adsorbed in atop (464 cm(-1)) and bridging (3 76 cm(-1)) sites on Pt{1 1 1} at half monolayer coverage at 260 K. In contrast to earlier reports we find no evidence for a Fermi resonance induced splitting of the absorption band assigned to the bridge bonded species. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Southampton, Dept Chem, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SERC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Russell, AE (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Dept Chem, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RI Russell, Andrea/B-8114-2009; Russell, Andrea/A-9625-2012 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUN 10 PY 2002 VL 511 IS 1-3 BP L303 EP L306 AR PII S0039-6028(02)01565-0 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)01565-0 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 569CY UT WOS:000176584000003 ER PT J AU Paluch, M Casalini, R Hensel-Bielowka, S Roland, CM AF Paluch, M Casalini, R Hensel-Bielowka, S Roland, CM TI Effect of pressure on the alpha relaxation in glycerol and xylitol SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; GLASS-TRANSITION; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; HEAT SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; FORMERS; VISCOSITY; DEPENDENCE; DYNAMICS AB The effect of pressure on the dielectric relaxation of two polyhydroxy alcohols is examined by analysis of existing data on glycerol, together with new measurements on xylitol. The fragility, or T-g-normalized temperature dependence, changes with pressure for low pressures, but becomes invariant above 1 GPa. When compared at temperatures for which the alpha-relaxation times are equal, there is no effect of pressure (<1 GPa) on the shape of the alpha dispersion at higher temperatures. However, nearer T-g, pressure broadens the alpha peak, consistent with the expected correlation of fragility with the breadth of the relaxation function. We also observe that the alpha-relaxation peaks for both glycerol and xylitol show an excess intensity at higher frequencies. For xylitol, unlike for glycerol, at lower temperatures this wing disjoins to form a separate peak. For both glass formers, elevated pressure causes the excess wing to become more separated from the peak maximum; that is, the properties of the primary and excess intensities are not correlated. This implies that the excess wing in glycerol is also a distinct secondary process, although it cannot be resolved from the primary peak. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paluch@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 35 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 8 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 22 BP 9839 EP 9844 DI 10.1063/1.1473652 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 554PL UT WOS:000175744600031 ER PT J AU Psurek, T Hensel-Bielowka, S Ziolo, J Paluch, M AF Psurek, T Hensel-Bielowka, S Ziolo, J Paluch, M TI Decoupling of the dc conductivity and (alpha-) structural relaxation time in a fragile glass-forming liquid under high pressure SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; MOLECULES; TERPHENYL; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; STATE AB Two relaxation processes, involving dc conductivity and the glass (alpha) structural relaxation, respectively, were measured in the low-molecular-weight glass-forming liquid, bisphenol- A-propoxylate(1 PO/phenol)diglycidylether, by dielectric spectroscopy, as a function of temperature and pressure. We focused on the correlation between dc conductivity and the alpha-relaxation time, proving that the fractional Debye-Stokes-Einstein relation is valid for both isobaric and isothermal data. The value of the exponent was independent of both temperature and pressure, and related to the ratio of the apparent activation volume of the relaxation processes being considered. The shape of the dielectric loss alpha peak did not change with either temperature or pressure; i.e., frequency-temperature-pressure superposition was valid in the vicinity of the glass transition. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Silesia, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP Paluch, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 8 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 22 BP 9882 EP 9888 DI 10.1063/1.1473819 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 554PL UT WOS:000175744600037 ER PT J AU Daulton, TL Bernatowicz, TJ Lewis, RS Messenger, S Stadermann, FJ Amari, S AF Daulton, TL Bernatowicz, TJ Lewis, RS Messenger, S Stadermann, FJ Amari, S TI Polytype distribution in circumsteller silicon carbide SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON STARS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; SIC GRAINS; METEORITE; GROWTH; ENVELOPES; NITROGEN; ORIGIN AB The inferred crystallographic class of circumstellar silicon carbide based on astronomical infrared spectra is controversial. We have directly determined the polytype distribution of circumstellar SiC from transmission electron microscopy of presolar silicon carbide from the Murchison carbonaceous meteorite. Only two polytypes (of a possible several hundred) were observed: cubic 3C and hexagonal 2H silicon carbide and their intergrowths. We conclude that this structural simplicity is a direct consequence of the low pressures in circumstellar outflows and the corresponding low silicon carbide condensation temperatures. C1 USN, Marine Geosci Div, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Daulton, TL (reprint author), USN, Marine Geosci Div, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 31 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 7 PY 2002 VL 296 IS 5574 BP 1852 EP 1855 DI 10.1126/science.1071136 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 559YP UT WOS:000176054300044 PM 12052956 ER PT J AU Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A AF Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A TI Resource management in energy-limited, bandwidth-limited, transceiver-limited wireless networks for session-based multicasting SO COMPUTER NETWORKS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKING LA English DT Article DE wireless multicast; energy-efficient; energy-limited; ad hoc networks AB In this paper we consider source-initiated multicast session traffic in an ad hoc wireless network, operating under hard constraints on the available transmission energy as well as on bandwidth and transceiver resources. We describe the similarities and differences between energy-limited and energy-efficient communications, and we illustrate the impact of these overlapping (and sometimes conflicting) considerations on network operation. In energy-limited applications, fundamental objectives include the maximization of a network's useful lifetime and the maximization of traffic that is delivered during this lifetime. We demonstrate how the incorporation of residual energy into the cost metric used for tree construction can provide improved performance based on these criteria. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wieselthier, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Code 5521, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-1286 J9 COMPUT NETW JI Comput. Netw. PD JUN 5 PY 2002 VL 39 IS 2 BP 113 EP 131 AR PII S1389-1286(01)00303-6 DI 10.1016/S1389-1286(01)00303-6 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 554DW UT WOS:000175719400002 ER PT J AU Goldman, ER Balighian, ED Mattoussi, H Kuno, MK Mauro, JM Tran, PT Anderson, GP AF Goldman, ER Balighian, ED Mattoussi, H Kuno, MK Mauro, JM Tran, PT Anderson, GP TI Avidin: A natural bridge for quantum dot-antibody conjugates SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; PEPTIDE AB We describe the preparation and characterization of bioinorganic conjugates in which luminescent semiconductor CdSe-ZnS core-shell nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) were coupled to antibodies through the use of an avidin bridge adsorbed to the nanocrystal surface via electrostatic self-assembly, Avidin, a highly positively charged protein, was found to adsorb tightly to QDs modified with dihydrolipoic acid, which gives their surface a homogeneous negative charge, QD conjugation to biotinylated antibodies subsequently is readily achieved. Fluoroimmunoassays utilizing these antibody conjugated QDs were successful in the detection of protein toxins (staphylococcal enterotoxin B, cholera toxin). QD-antibody conjugates formed in such a facile manner permit their use as a common immuno reagent, and in the development of multianalyte detection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goldman, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kuno, Masaru/K-2673-2012; Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 22 TC 392 Z9 414 U1 4 U2 96 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 5 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 22 BP 6378 EP 6382 DI 10.1021/ja0125570 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 558FC UT WOS:000175954800030 PM 12033868 ER PT J AU Luo, CP Guardala, NA Price, JL Chodak, I Zimerman, O Weiss, RG AF Luo, CP Guardala, NA Price, JL Chodak, I Zimerman, O Weiss, RG TI Structural and dynamic investigations of unstretched and stretched ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films. 1-pyrenyl attachment by bombardment with 4.5 MeV protons and irradiation with eV range photons SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Review ID LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; AQUEOUS SOLVENT SYSTEMS; DOPANT SITE DISTRIBUTIONS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HIGH-MODULUS; PHOTOCHEMICAL-REACTIONS; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSES; LINEAR DICHROISM; POLYMER-FILMS; CROSS-LINKING AB Several structural and dynamic properties of unstretched and stretched ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) films, as well as UHMWPE films doped with pyrene (Py/UHMWPE) and either irradiated with UV-vis (eV range) photons or bombarded with 4.5 MeV protons, have been investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns of the three-dimensional orthorhombic crystal structure of a uniaxially stretched UHMWPE film, prepared by the gel technique, have been completely indexed for the first time. A minor monoclinic crystalline component, whose importance depends on the draw ratio, is also present. Linear dichroism spectra of dopant pyrene molecules indicate that their long molecular axes are oriented to a smaller extent in highly stretched UHMWPE films than in polyethylene films of much lower crystallinity and draw ratios. When UHMWPE films were stretched, the heat of melting was unchanged, but the melting temperature increased. Stretched films bombarded with 4.5 MeV protons exhibited lower heats of melting and melting temperatures than unstretched bombarded films. When Py/UHMWPE films were bombarded with 4.5 MeV protons or irradiated with >300 nm photons under oxygen-free conditions, I-pyrenyl groups were attached covalently to polymer chains, yielding Py-UHMWPE. Diffusion of NN-dimethylaniline (DMA) in to and out of Py-UHMWPE films was followed in real time by fluorescence intensity changes. In unstretched films, at least two parallel diffusion pathways appear to operate. The activation energies for diffusion of DMA in unstretched Py-UHMWPE are larger than those in stretched Py-UHMWPE or in other types of polyethylene films. The results are discussed in terms of the structural differences between unstretched and stretched UHMWPE and other polyethylene types. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Polymer, Bratislava 84236, Slovakia. RP Weiss, RG (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NR 122 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 4 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 12 BP 4690 EP 4701 DI 10.1021/ma020235q PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 557YV UT WOS:000175937400023 ER PT J AU Kortus, J Baruah, T Pederson, MR Ashman, C Khanna, SN AF Kortus, J Baruah, T Pederson, MR Ashman, C Khanna, SN TI Magnetic moment and anisotropy in FenCom clusters SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID N N=2-8 CLUSTERS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CO-N; TRANSITION; COBALT; APPROXIMATION; MOLECULES AB Electronic structure calculations of FenCom (n+m=5 and 13) are used to examine the effects of alloying on the magnetic moment and magnetic anisotropies. Our density-functional studies show that many mixed clusters have moments comparable to or higher than the pure clusters. The mixed clusters, however, have very low anisotropies and could be ideal as soft magnetic materials. It is shown that shape, composition, and compositional ordering must be considered for optimization of anisotropy energies. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Kortus, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 3 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 22 BP 4193 EP 4195 DI 10.1063/1.1482793 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 555BB UT WOS:000175771800037 ER PT J AU Kiselyov, O AF Kiselyov, O TI SXML specification SO ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES LA English DT Article DE XML; XML parsing; XML Infoset; XML Namespaces; AST; SXML; scheme AB The present article specifies revision 2.1 of SXML. SXML is an abstract syntax tree of an XML document. SXML is also a concrete representation of the XML Infoset in the form of S-expressions. The generic tree structure of SXML lends itself to a compact library of combinators for querying and transforming SXML. The master SXML specification file is written in SXML itself. The present paper is the result of translating that SXML code into LATEX, using an appropriate "stylesheet". A different stylesheet converted the specification to HTML. The master file, the stylesheets and the corresponding HTML and L(A)T(E)Xdocuments are available at http://poboz.com/(similar to)oleg/ftp/Scheme/xml.html. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kiselyov, O (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0362-1340 J9 ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES JI ACM Sigplan Not. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 37 IS 6 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1145/571727.571736 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 587MM UT WOS:000177645000006 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR George, C Flippen-Anderson, JL AF Deschamps, JR George, C Flippen-Anderson, JL TI (1R)-2-[(3R,4S)-3-methyl-4-(N-phenyl-N-propionylamino)piperidin-1-yl]-1- phenylethyl p-bromobenzoate and N-{(3R,4S)-1-[(2S)-2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-3-methyl-piperidin -4-yl}-N-phenylacrylamide SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 58 BP O362 EP O364 DI 10.1107/S0108270102006443 PN 6 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 560DN UT WOS:000176067100040 PM 12050443 ER PT J AU Gilardi, R Tang, DT Eaton, PE AF Gilardi, R Tang, DT Eaton, PE TI cis,syn,cis-2,3,4,8,9-pentachloro-1,5,7,7-tetramethoxy-tricyclo[4.3.0.0( 2,5)]nona-3,8-diene SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JUN PY 2002 VL 58 BP O615 EP O617 DI 10.1107/S1600536802007705 PN 6 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 563TM UT WOS:000176271700039 ER PT J AU Tang, DT Gilardi, R Eaton, PE AF Tang, DT Gilardi, R Eaton, PE TI Bis(1-bromo-9-chlorohomocub-9-yl) ether SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gilardi@nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JUN PY 2002 VL 58 BP O618 EP O619 DI 10.1107/S1600536802007717 PN 6 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 563TM UT WOS:000176271700040 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, D TI The betrothed of death: The Spanish foreign legion during the rif rebellion, 1920-1927. SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 107 IS 3 BP 945 EP 946 DI 10.1086/532609 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 565HB UT WOS:000176362800117 ER PT J AU Dickens, SH Milos, MF AF Dickens, SH Milos, MF TI Relationship of dentin shear bond strengths to different laboratory test designs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID ADHESION; INVITRO; RESIN; STRESS; INVIVO; AGENTS; TEETH; DEPTH AB Purpose : To compare 6 shear bond test procedures using 2 primers by evaluating differences in strength and fracture surfaces. Materials and Methods: Part I - a 2(3)-factorial design evaluated the effects of (1) 2 primer systems, (2) the dentin moisture level, and (3) the application technique defining the bond area. The outcome of Part I then led to choosing for Part II one primer system, applying the primer the entire surface with moist dentin as the substrate while comparing 6 shear test designs: (1) knife-edged chisel-on-iris; (2) similar to 1 with support added to the tooth; (3) chisel on composite plug; (4) similar to 3 with support added; (5) wire loop on composite plug; (6) modified Watanabe assembly. Results : In Part I mean shear bond strengths (SBS) ranged from 14-36 MPa. SBS was highest for either primer when it was applied to moist dentin over the entire dentin surface. Each of the factors, moisture level, primer system and application technique significantly affected SBS (3-way ANOVA, P < 0.05). The effects from each primer system on SBS depended on the surface moisture or the application technique, indicating significant interactions. In Part II, mean SBS ranged from 18-32 MPa with Groups 1 and 2 having significantly higher bond strengths than the others (P < 0.05). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Natl Naval Dent Sch, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Dickens, SH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE 09322] NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSHER & LINDER, INC PI WESTON PA 318 INDIAN TRACE #500, WESTON, FL 33326 USA SN 0894-8275 J9 AM J DENT JI Am. J. Dent. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 185 EP 192 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 616WC UT WOS:000179325500009 PM 12469757 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Reed, RJ Kaiser, KS Smith, TC Gastanaga, VM AF Gray, GC Reed, RJ Kaiser, KS Smith, TC Gastanaga, VM TI Self-reported symptoms and medical conditions among 11,868 Gulf War-era veterans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cross-sectional studies; health surveys; military medicine; military personnel; Persian Gulf syndrome; public health; veterans ID MULTIPLE CHEMICAL-SENSITIVITY; FUNCTIONAL SOMATIC SYNDROMES; CHRONIC MULTISYMPTOM ILLNESS; CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; HEALTH; EXPOSURES; PREVALENCE; SERVICE; STRESS AB US Navy Seabees have been among the most symptomatic Gulf War veterans. Beginning in May 1997, the authors mailed Gulf War-era Seabees a health survey in serial mailings. As of July 1, 1999, 68.6% of 17,559 Seabees contacted had returned the questionnaire. Compared with other Seabees, Gulf War Seabees reported poorer general health, a higher prevalence of all 33 medical problems assessed, more cognition difficulties, and a higher prevalence of four physician-diagnosed multisymptom conditions: chronic fatigue syndrome, posttraumatic stress disorder, multiple chemical sensitivity, and irritable bowel syndrome. Because the four multisymptom conditions were highly associated with one another, the authors aggregated them into a working case definition of Gulf War illness. Among the 3,831 (22% cases) Gulf War Seabee participants, multivariable modeling revealed that female, Reserve, and enlisted personnel and participants belonging to either of two particular Seabee units were most likely to meet the case definition. Twelve of 34 self-reported Gulf War exposures were mildly associated with meeting the definition of Gulf War illness, with exposure to fumes from munitions having the highest odds ratio (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.5, 2.4). While these data do not implicate a specific etiologic exposure, they demonstrate a strong association and a high prevalence of self-reported multisymptom conditions in a large group of symptomatic Gulf War veterans. C1 US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 59 TC 104 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 BP 1033 EP 1044 DI 10.1093/aje/155.11.1033 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 557MY UT WOS:000175913400007 PM 12034582 ER PT J AU Vaitkevicius, H Turner, I Spalding, A Lockette, W AF Vaitkevicius, H Turner, I Spalding, A Lockette, W TI Chloride increases adrenergic receptor-mediated platelet and vascular responses SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE epinephrine; thiazides; anion exchanger; blood vessels; humans; carbonic anhydrase; intracellular pH; hypertension; platelets; thrombosis; stroke ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE; CL COTRANSPORT; ACCUMULATION; AGGREGATION; INHIBITION; MECHANISM; CHANNELS; RABBIT AB Background: We postulated that increasing intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-](i)) in human platelets would potentiate alpha(2) adrenergic receptor (A2AR)-mediated platelet aggregation, and that vascular reactivity would also be increased by raising [CI-](i) in blood vessels. We further hypothesized that ligands binding to the A2AR would increase [CI-](i) by stimulating carbonic anhydrase-dependent chloride/bicarbonate exchange. Because diuretics are potent inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase, we speculated that these agents inhibit platelet aggregation and vascular contractility through inhibition of chloride influx by decreasing carbonic anhydrase activity, and subsequently, chloride/bicarbonate exchange. The aim of this study was to test these hypotheses. Methods: Platelet aggregation was measured by determining changes in optical density of platelet-rich plasma. Contractile responses to A2AR agonists were recorded in isolated vascular smooth muscle. The substances [CI-](i) and intracellular pH (pH(i)) were measured using microfluorometric methods. Carbonic anhydrase activity and chloride/bicarbonate exchange were determined by an in vitro assay based on the Stewart cycle. Results: Increasing [CI-](i) potentiated platelet aggregation and vascular contractility, and epinephrine raised [CI-](i) by stimulating carbonic an hydrase-dependent chloride[bicarbonate exchange. Furthermore, diuretic-dependent inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity decreased chloride/bicarbonate exchange. Conclusions: Our data support the concept that diuretics inhibit carbonic anhydrase activity and chloride/bicarbonate exchange in platelets and vascular smooth muscle. The ensuing reduction in [Cl-](i) that is induced by diuretics in these tissues could play a role in reducing the effect of catecholamines on precipitating thrombotic stroke or myocardial infarction. C1 Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Lockette, W (reprint author), USN, Special Warfare Command, 2000 Trident Way,Bldg 624, San Diego, CA 92155 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [2R01HL50849, 5T35 HL07862] NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0895-7061 J9 AM J HYPERTENS JI Am. J. Hypertens. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 6 BP 492 EP 498 AR PII S0895-7061(02)02276-8 DI 10.1016/S0895-7061(02)02276-8 PG 7 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 560VH UT WOS:000176101700003 PM 12074349 ER PT J AU Taylor, WRJ Widjaja, H Basri, H Fryauff, DJ Ohrt, C Taufik Tjitra, E Hoffman, SL Baso, S Richie, TL AF Taylor, WRJ Widjaja, H Basri, H Fryauff, DJ Ohrt, C Taufik Tjitra, E Hoffman, SL Baso, S Richie, TL TI Assessing the Parasight (R)-F test in northeastern Papua, Indonesia, an area of mixed Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax transmission SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID P.F/P.V IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC TEST; ANTIGEN-CAPTURE ASSAY; IRIAN-JAYA; CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; FIELD-EVALUATION; DIPSTICK TEST; CENTRAL INDIA; F-TEST; MALARIA; RESISTANCE AB User-friendly, reliable, and inexpensive methods for diagnosing malaria are needed at the primary health care level. During a randomized treatment trial, the Parasight(R)-F test was assessed on days 0, 3, 7, and 28 against standard light microscopy of Giemsa-stained thick blood smears for diagnosing Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia in patients with P. falciparum (n = 84) or P. vivax (n = 59) malaria. The median P. falciparum parasite count on day 0 was 2,373/muL (range = 20-74,432/muL). At the start of treatment, the Parasight(R)-F test had a sensitivity of 95.2% (86 of 84; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 88.2-98.7), and a specificity of 94.9% (56 of 59; 95% CI = 85.8-98.9). On day 7, this test showed false-positive results in 17 (16.3%) of 104 patients (95% CI = 9.8-24.9). The Parasight(R)-F test performed well when compared with light microscopy in detecting P. falciparum parasitemia in patients presenting with clinical malaria. However, the high false-positive rate on day 7 limits its use for patient follow-up. C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Indonesian Naval Hosp, Jayapura, Papua N Guinea. NIH, Ctr Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Rockville, MD 20853 USA. USN, Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Rumah Sakit Umum, Publ Hosp, Jayapura, Papua N Guinea. RP Taylor, WRJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Unit 8132, FPO, AP 96520 USA. RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011 NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 BP 649 EP 652 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 587UB UT WOS:000177660700003 PM 12224568 ER PT J AU Baird, JK Wiady, I Sutanihardja, A Purnomo, S Basri, H Sekartuti Ayomi, E Fryauff, DJ Hoffman, SL AF Baird, JK Wiady, I Sutanihardja, A Purnomo, S Basri, H Sekartuti Ayomi, E Fryauff, DJ Hoffman, SL TI Short report: Therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine combined with primaquine against Plasmodium falciparum in northeastern Papua, Indonesia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IRIAN-JAYA; RESISTANCE; VIVAX; ANTIMALARIALS; MALARIA AB Chloroquine combined with primaquine was evaluated for therapy of uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum in nonimmune Javanese migrants to northeastern Papua, Indonesia. Subjects were randomized to treatment with standard chloroquine therapy (25 mg/kg in 3 doses over the course of 48 hours) with 30 mg primaquine administered daily for 28 days (n = 25) or a placebo of primaquine (n = 28). The 14-day cumulative incidence of therapeutic failure was 56% with primaquine and 79% with placebo (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1-1.3; P = 0.08). Primaquine administered daily created a marginally significant improvement in therapeutic efficacy at day 14, but not at day 7 (20% versus 36%; OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-1.8; P = 0.2) or day 28 (82% versus 93%; OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.04-2.1; P = 0.23). This report corroborates studies suggesting that therapeutic doses of primaquine exert no discernible effect on parasitemia by P. falciparum. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Minist Hlth, Jakarta, Indonesia. Dist Hlth Serv, Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Baird, JK (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Amer Embassy Jakarta, FPO, AP 96520 USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 BP 659 EP 660 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 587UB UT WOS:000177660700005 PM 12224570 ER PT J AU Jones, TR Stroncek, DF Gozalo, AS Obaldia, N Andersen, EM Lucas, C Narum, DL Magill, AJ Sim, BKL Hoffman, SL AF Jones, TR Stroncek, DF Gozalo, AS Obaldia, N Andersen, EM Lucas, C Narum, DL Magill, AJ Sim, BKL Hoffman, SL TI Anemia in parasite- and recombinant protein-immunized Aotus monkeys infected with Plasmodium falciparum SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID BINDING DOMAIN; MALARIA; CHILDREN AB Plasmodium falciparum-induced anemia was characterized in Aotus monkeys repeatedly immunized by infection with P. falciparum (FVO strain) parasites, then cross-challenged with CAMP strain, or in monkeys receiving blood stage challenges as part of malaria vaccine trials. In 4 studies, 25 (30.5%) of 82 monkeys had at least a 50% reduction in hematocrit; mean day of maximum parasitemia was 12.5, whereas the mean day of minimum hematocrit was 18.8 (P < 0.0009). Decreased hematocrit levels were not associated with reticulocytosis until parasite densities decreased significantly from peak levels. Direct antibody tests to detect IgG and C3d on the surface of erythrocytes were negative. Nonantibody/noncomplement-mediated lysis of uninfected erythrocytes seems to be the principal cause of the anemia, and it also seems that bone marrow suppression and lysis of infected erythrocytes contributed to the anemia. Partial immunity-whether induced by repeated immunization with whole parasites or with vaccine-seems important to the development of anemia. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NIH, Dept Transfus Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. ProMed Trading SA, Panama City, Panama. Gorgas Mem Lab, Panama City, Panama. EntreMed Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Jones, TR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Obaldia, Nicanor/O-8460-2015; OI Obaldia, Nicanor/0000-0002-3711-9449 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI36758-02] NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 BP 672 EP 679 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 587UB UT WOS:000177660700008 PM 12224573 ER PT J AU Claborn, DM Masuoka, PM Klein, TA Hooper, T Lee, A Andre, RG AF Claborn, DM Masuoka, PM Klein, TA Hooper, T Lee, A Andre, RG TI A cost comparison of two malaria control methods in Kyunggi Province, Republic of Korea, using remote sensing and geographic information systems SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID OF-KOREA; AFRICA AB A cost-comparison of two methods for the control of malaria in the Republic of Korea was performed. The cost of larviciding with methoprene granules was estimated at $93.48/hectare. The annual cost of providing chemoprophylaxis was estimated at $37.53/person. Remote sensing and geographic information systems were used to obtain estimates of the size of vector larval habitats around two U.S. Army camps, allowing an estimate of the cost of larviciding around each of the camps. This estimate was compared to the cost of providing chloroquine and primaquine chemoprophylaxis for the camp populations. Costs on each of the camps differed by the size of the larval habitats and the size of the at-risk population. These tools allow extrapolation of larval surveillance data to a regional scale while simultaneously providing site-specific cost analysis, thus reducing the cost and labor associated with vector surveillance over large areas. C1 USN, Air Stn, Navy Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Prevent Serv Directorate, Unit 15281, Med Command 18, Seoul, South Korea. RP Claborn, DM (reprint author), USN, Air Stn, Navy Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Box 43, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 BP 680 EP 685 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 587UB UT WOS:000177660700009 PM 12224574 ER PT J AU Trinkunas, HA AF Trinkunas, HA TI Bounded missions: Military regimes and democratization in the southern cone and Brazil. SO AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trinkunas, HA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0003-0554 J9 AM POLIT SCI REV JI Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 96 IS 2 BP 437 EP 438 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 568MN UT WOS:000176546100054 ER PT J AU Wang, J Pumera, M Collins, G Opekar, F Jelinek, I AF Wang, J Pumera, M Collins, G Opekar, F Jelinek, I TI A chip-based capillary electrophoresis-contactless conductivity microsystem for fast measurements of low-explosive ionic components SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTORS; ISOTACHOPHORESIS; SEPARATION; CATIONS; DEVICES AB A miniaturized analytical system for separating and detecting inorganic explosive residues, based on the coupling of a micromachined capillary electrophoresis (CE) chip with a contactless conductivity detector is described. The low electroosmotic flow (EOF) of the poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) chip material facilitates the rapid switching between analyses of cations and anions using the same microchannel and run buffer (and without an EOF modifier), and hence offers rapid ( < 1 min) measurement of seven explosive-related cations and anions. Experimental parameters relevant to the separation and detection processes have been optimized. Addition of a 18-crown-6 ether modifier has been used for separating the peaks of co-migrating potassium and ammonium ions. The ionic-explosive microchip system combines the distinct advantages of contactless conductivity detection with the attractive features of plastic CE microchips. The new microsystem offers great promise for monitoring explosive-related ions at the sample source, with significant advantages of speed/warning, efficiency; cost, or sample size. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Charles Univ, Dept Analyt Chem, Prague 12043 2, Czech Republic. RP Wang, J (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RI Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011; Pumera, Martin/F-2724-2010 OI Pumera, Martin/0000-0001-5846-2951 NR 21 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD JUN PY 2002 VL 127 IS 6 BP 719 EP 723 DI 10.1039/b201700h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 565YA UT WOS:000176396800006 PM 12146901 ER PT J AU Meyer-Ortmanns, H Landsberg, PT Abe, S Rajagopal, AK Yamano, T AF Meyer-Ortmanns, H Landsberg, PT Abe, S Rajagopal, AK Yamano, T TI A note on limitations of standard thermodynamics SO ANNALEN DER PHYSIK LA English DT Article DE long-range forces; thermodynamic limit; gravity; quark-gluon plasma AB Recently, as a common foundation of various branches in science, thermodynamics is getting fresh notice. One of the reasons are long-range forces that may have far-reaching consequences for the applicability of standard thermodynamics. In this paper we trace these consequences in connection with gravity, particle physics, condensed matter physics, and plasma physics. We point on scenarios (like hot plasmas of elementary particles in the early universe) where usually the applicability of standard thermodynamics is not even questioned. Therefore we wish to attract the reader's attention to such cases and mention some first steps towards non-standard thermodynamics. It is, however, too early to propose final solutions at the present stage. We wish to provoke thoughts about the "old" thermodynamics from a modern perspective. C1 Int Univ Bremen, Sch Sci & Engn, D-28725 Bremen, Germany. Univ Southampton, Fac Math Studies, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RP Meyer-Ortmanns, H (reprint author), Int Univ Bremen, Sch Sci & Engn, POB 750561, D-28725 Bremen, Germany. RI Yamano, Takuya/J-5840-2015 OI Yamano, Takuya/0000-0001-8987-5441 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0003-3804 J9 ANN PHYS-BERLIN JI Ann. Phys.-Berlin PD JUN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 6 BP 457 EP 460 DI 10.1002/1521-3889(200206)11:6<457::AID-ANDP457>3.0.CO;2-N PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 569FF UT WOS:000176589600004 ER PT J AU Baird, JK Tiwari, T Martin, GJ Tamminga, CL Prout, TM Tjaden, J Bravet, PP Rawlins, S Ferrel, M Carucci, D Hoffman, SL AF Baird, JK Tiwari, T Martin, GJ Tamminga, CL Prout, TM Tjaden, J Bravet, PP Rawlins, S Ferrel, M Carucci, D Hoffman, SL TI Chloroquine for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Guyana SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; WHOLE-BLOOD; RESISTANCE; VIVAX AB At a public hospital in Georgetown, Guyana, 44 patients seeking treatment for symptomatic, slide-confirmed malaria were given standard chloroquine (CQ) therapy and followed for 28 days. The patients apparently had pure infections with Plasmodium falciparum (14), P. vivax (13) or P. malariae (one), or mixed infections either of P. falciparum and P. vivax (17) or of P. falciparum, P. malariae and P. vivax (two). Each received supervised treatment with 10 mg CQ base/kg on each of days 0 and 1, and 5 mg/kg on day 2. On the day of enrollment (day 0), the patients complained of fever (100%), headache (100'%), malaise (94%), myalgia (79%)), nausea (67%), vertigo (49%) and vomiting (33%). Many (39%) were ill enough to confine themselves to bed. On day 4, fewer of the subjects complained of fever (15%), headache (15%), malaise (6%), myalgia (21%), nausea (6%), vertigo (24%) or vomiting (0%) despite the relatively high (>48%) risk of therapeutic failure. The cumulative incidence of parasitological failure against P. falciparum was 15 % at day 4, 33% at day 7 and 48% at day 14. All of the P. vivax and P. malariae infections cleared before day 4 and none recurred by day 7. Two infections with P. vivax recurred later (on day 14 or 28) but in the presence of less than adequate, whole-blood concentrations of CQ plus desethyl-chloroquine (i.e. < 100 ng/ml). Taken together, the results indicate a high risk of therapeutic failure of CQ against P. falciparum but also indicate that resistance to CQ in P. vivax occurs infrequently in Guyana. C1 Minist Hlth, Georgetown, Guyana. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Georgetown, Guyana. Caribbean Epidemiol Res Ctr, Port Of Spain, Trinid & Tobago. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 96 IS 4 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.1179/000349802125001023 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 570XG UT WOS:000176685300001 PM 12171615 ER PT J AU Scharf, TW Gong, J Zangari, G Barnard, JA AF Scharf, TW Gong, J Zangari, G Barnard, JA TI Assessing defect density and wear resistance of ultrathin diamond-like carbon films SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID OVERCOATS; DISKS AB Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films serve the dual purpose of protecting the magnetic underlayer from both slider contact and environmental corrosion in computer disk drives. Steadily increasing storage densities necessitate thinner and thinner protective films. Continuous, pinhole-free coverage of the magnetic medium is more difficult to achieve with thinner layers. Due to their sub-nanometer size, conventional techniques (SEM and AFM) are generally unable to detect pinholes. Therefore, we have utilized a novel pinhole-decoration technique (based on electrodeposition of Cu) to assess the coverage of very thin dual ion beam deposited nitrogen-doped DLC (N-DLC) films. The results of the decoration technique are compared with nanoscratch wear-resistance data. This combination of techniques demonstrates that., below 2 nm, the layer continuity and nanoscratch wear resistance of N-DLC films are severely compromised. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, TriCampus Mat Sci Program, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Scharf, TW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 74 IS 6 BP 827 EP 829 DI 10.1007/s003390201286 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 547WR UT WOS:000175356200018 ER PT J AU Scott, KJ Schroeder, AA Greinwald, JH AF Scott, KJ Schroeder, AA Greinwald, JH TI Ectopic cervical thymus - An uncommon diagnosis in the evaluation of pediatric neck masses SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pediatric-Otolaryngology CY MAY 09-12, 2001 CL SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA SP Amer Soc Pediat Otolaryngol ID CYST; THYMECTOMY AB Ectopic cervical thymic tissue is an uncommon cause of neck masses in children, with fewer than 100 cases reported in children who presented with primary neck masses. To illustrate the unique characteristics of these tumors, we report the case of a 13-month-old boy with ectopic thymic tissue presenting with asymptomatic, bilateral, and solid cervical masses. This case report highlights several unique findings: (1) the rare nature of solid thymic tumors compared with cystic lesions, (2) the utility of magnetic resonance imaging scanning with and without fat suppression for diagnosis, and (3) the risks of surgical removal of thymic tissue in children. Despite its infrequent occurrence and often asymptomatic presentation, ectopic cervical thymus masses should be included as a rare cause of cervical masses in the pediatric population. Awareness of this diagnosis will allow for appropriate preoperative diagnostic studies, which may preclude the need for biopsy. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. RP Scott, KJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 128 IS 6 BP 714 EP 717 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 563PG UT WOS:000176264300016 PM 12049570 ER PT J AU Sadler, GC AF Sadler, GC TI Women at war: An evolutionary perspective SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA RUTGERS UNIV, DEPT 8010, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 28 IS 4 BP 683 EP 686 DI 10.1177/0095327X0202800413 PG 4 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 592WG UT WOS:000177959400013 ER PT J AU Lane, WM Kassim, NE Ensslin, TA Harris, DE Perley, RA AF Lane, WM Kassim, NE Ensslin, TA Harris, DE Perley, RA TI 3C 129 at 90 centimeters: Evidence for a radio relic? SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : clusters : individual (4U 0446+44); galaxies : jets ID CLUSTER; GALAXIES; 3C-129 AB We present a new wide-field map of the radio galaxy 3C 129 and its companion galaxy 3C 129.1 at lambda = 90 cm. We see a distinct steep-spectrum feature near the head of 3C 129, extending in a direction perpendicular to the radio tails. We propose that this Crosspiece might consist of fossil radio plasma, which has been re-energized by the compression of the bow shock of the supersonically moving galaxy 3C 129. One possible origin of the fossil radio plasma could be the tail of a nearby head-tail radio galaxy. We discuss the implications of and give testable predictions for this scenario. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Lane, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 123 IS 6 BP 2985 EP 2989 DI 10.1086/340359 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556BW UT WOS:000175830300007 ER PT J AU O'Dell, CR Balick, B Hajian, AR Henney, WJ Burkert, A AF O'Dell, CR Balick, B Hajian, AR Henney, WJ Burkert, A TI Knots in nearby planetary nebulae SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary nebulae : individual (NGC 2392, NGC 6720, NGC 6853, NGC 7293, IC 4406) ID HELIX-NEBULA; COMETARY KNOTS; RING NEBULA; EXPANSION DISTANCES; NGC-2392; NGC-7293; KINEMATICS; TELESCOPE; NGC-6853; VELOCITY AB HST emission-line images of five of the arguably closest planetary nebulae have shown that there is a progression of characteristics of their knots. This progression begins with dark tangential structures showing no alignment with the central star and location near the main ionization front. At the end of the progression in the largest nebulae, the knots are located throughout much of the ionized zone, where they are photoionized on the side facing the central star and accompanied by long tails well aligned radially. This modi cation of characteristics is what would be expected if the knots were formed near or outside the main ionization front, obtaining densities high enough to lead to their being only partially ionized as they are fully illuminated by the Lyman continuum (Lyc) radiation field. Their expansion velocities must be lower than that of the main body of the nebular shell. Their forms are altered by exposure to the radiation field from the star, although it is not clear as to the relative role of radiation pressure acting on the dust component vis-a-vis ionization shadowing. The one object that does not fit into this sequence is NGC 2392, which is the most complex nebula in our sample. In this case the inner part of the nebula is composed of a series of loops of material, some being ionization bounded, which cover only a small fraction of the area illuminated by the star. This complex structure may be what gives rise to the large variations in electron temperature inferred from low spatial resolution observations. Cometary-form knots are seen in the outer part of this object, with these objects closely resembling those found in the largest nebula in our sample, NGC 7293. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Astron Inst, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP O'Dell, CR (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 56 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 123 IS 6 BP 3329 EP 3347 DI 10.1086/340726 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556BW UT WOS:000175830300027 ER PT J AU Nordgren, TE Lane, BF Hindsley, RB Kervella, P AF Nordgren, TE Lane, BF Hindsley, RB Kervella, P TI Calibration of the Barnes-Evans relation using interferometric observations of Cepheids SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cepheids; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (eta Aquilae, delta Cephei, zeta Geminorum) ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; STELLAR ANGULAR DIAMETERS; SURFACE BRIGHTNESS TECHNIQUE; PERIOD-LUMINOSITY RELATION; DELTA-CEPHEI; VARIABLES; RADIUS; SUPERGIANTS; PHOTOMETRY; DISTANCES AB Direct diameter observations of Cepheid variables are used to calibrate the Barnes-Evans Cepheid surface brightness relation. Fifty-nine separate Cepheid diameter measurements from four different optical interferometers are used to calculate surface brightnesses as a function of magnitude and color. The linear fit to Cepheid surface brightness versus color is in excellent agreement with functions in the literature found using interferometric observations of nonvariable giant and supergiant stars. Using these relations, the distance is calculated to delta Cephei, for which an independent distance is known from trigonometric parallax. The distance from the relation in this paper differs from that derived by the previously published relation by 4% but is still marginally within the combined errors. Both distances are well within the errors of the distance derived from trigonometric parallax. C1 Univ Redlands, Dept Phys, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Nordgren, TE (reprint author), Univ Redlands, Dept Phys, 1200 E Colton Ave, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. NR 29 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 123 IS 6 BP 3380 EP 3386 DI 10.1086/340567 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556BW UT WOS:000175830300031 ER PT J AU Hawley, SL Covey, KR Knapp, GR Golimowski, DA Fan, XH Anderson, SF Gunn, JE Harris, HC Ivezic, Z Long, GM Lupton, RH McGehee, PM Narayanan, V Peng, E Schlegel, D Schneider, DP Spahn, EY Strauss, MA Szkody, P Tsvetanov, Z Walkowicz, LM Brinkmann, J Harvanek, M Hennessy, GS Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, D Neilsen, EH Newman, PR Nitta, A Snedden, SA York, DG AF Hawley, SL Covey, KR Knapp, GR Golimowski, DA Fan, XH Anderson, SF Gunn, JE Harris, HC Ivezic, Z Long, GM Lupton, RH McGehee, PM Narayanan, V Peng, E Schlegel, D Schneider, DP Spahn, EY Strauss, MA Szkody, P Tsvetanov, Z Walkowicz, LM Brinkmann, J Harvanek, M Hennessy, GS Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, D Neilsen, EH Newman, PR Nitta, A Snedden, SA York, DG TI Characterization of M, L, and T dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : late-type; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs surveys ID STAR SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEM; KINEMATICS; SEQUENCE; 2MASS AB An extensive sample of M, L, and T dwarfs identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has been compiled. The sample of 718 dwarfs includes 677 new objects (629 Mdwarfs and 48 L dwarfs), together with 41 that have been previously published. All new objects and some of the previously published ones have new optical spectra obtained either with the SDSS spectrographs or with the Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m ARC telescope. Spectral types and SDSS colors are available for all objects; approximately 35% also have near-infrared magnitudes measured by 2MASS (Two Micron All Sky Survey) or on the Mauna Kea system. We use this sample to characterize the color spectral type and color-color relations of late-type dwarfs in the SDSS filters and to derive spectroscopic and photometric parallax relations for use in future studies of the luminosity and mass functions based on SDSS data. We find that the i*-z* and i*-J colors provide good spectral type and absolute magnitude (M(i)*) estimates for M and L dwarfs. Our distance estimates for the current sample indicate that SDSS is finding early Mdwarfs out to similar to1.5 kpc, L dwarfs to similar to100 pc, and T dwarfs to similar to20 pc. The T dwarf photometric data show large scatter and are therefore less reliable for spectral type and distance estimation. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Hawley, SL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM slh@astro.washington.edu OI Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797 NR 37 TC 279 Z9 279 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 123 IS 6 BP 3409 EP 3427 DI 10.1086/340697 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556BW UT WOS:000175830300033 ER PT J AU Giebels, B Bloom, ED Focke, W Godfrey, G Madejski, G Reilly, KT Parkinson, PMS Shabad, G Bandyopadhyay, RM Fritz, GG Hertz, P Kowalski, MP Lovellette, MN Ray, PS Wolff, MT Wood, KS Yentis, DJ AF Giebels, B Bloom, ED Focke, W Godfrey, G Madejski, G Reilly, KT Parkinson, PMS Shabad, G Bandyopadhyay, RM Fritz, GG Hertz, P Kowalski, MP Lovellette, MN Ray, PS Wolff, MT Wood, KS Yentis, DJ TI Observation of X-ray variability in the BL Lacertae object 1ES 1959+65 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : individual (1ES 1959+65) X-rays : galaxies ID SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; SPECTRAL VARIABILITY; LAC OBJECTS; M87 JET; EMISSION; MARKARIAN-421; CONSTRAINTS; BLAZARS; PKS-2155-304; SYNCHROTRON AB This paper reports X-ray spectral observations of a relatively nearby (z = 0.048) BL Lac object 1ES 1959+65, which is a potential TeV emitter. The observations include 31 short pointings made by the Unconventional Stellar Aspect ( USA) experiment on board the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS), and 17 pointings by the Proportional Counter Array (PCA) on board the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer ( RXTE). Most of these observations were spaced by less than 1 day. 1ES 1959+65 was detected by the ARGOS USA detector in the range 1-16 keV, and by the PCA in the 2-16 keV range but at different times. During the closely spaced RXTE observations beginning on 2000 July 28, the ending of one are and the start of another are visible, associated with spectral changes, where the photon index Gamma ranges between similar to1.4 and similar to1.7, and the spectrum is harder when the source is brighter. This implies that 1ES 1959+ 65 is an X-ray selected BL Lac type (XBL) blazar, with the X-ray emission likely to originate via the synchrotron process. The USA observations reveal another are that peaked on 2000 November 14 and doubled the flux within a few days, again associated with spectral changes of the same form. The spectral variability correlated with the flux and timing characteristics of this object that are similar to those of other nearby BL Lac objects and suggest relativistic beaming with a Doppler factor delta greater than or equal to1.6 and magnetic fields on the order of a few milligauss. We also suggest that the steady component of the X-ray emission present in this object as well as in other XBLs may be due to the large-scale relativistic jet ( such as measured by Chandra in many radio-loud active galactic nuclei) but pointing very closely to our line of sight. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Div Space Sci, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. RP Giebels, B (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 571 IS 2 BP 763 EP 770 DI 10.1086/340065 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556CB UT WOS:000175830800015 ER PT J AU Ueda, Y Yamaoka, K Sanchez-Fernandez, C Dhawan, V Chaty, S Grove, JE McCollough, M Castro-Tirado, AJ Mirabel, F Kohno, K Feroci, M Casella, P Trushkin, SA Castaneda, H Rodriguez, J Durouchoux, P Ebisawa, K Kotani, T Swank, J Inoue, H AF Ueda, Y Yamaoka, K Sanchez-Fernandez, C Dhawan, V Chaty, S Grove, JE McCollough, M Castro-Tirado, AJ Mirabel, F Kohno, K Feroci, M Casella, P Trushkin, SA Castaneda, H Rodriguez, J Durouchoux, P Ebisawa, K Kotani, T Swank, J Inoue, H TI Study of the largest multiwavelength campaign of the microquasar GRS 1915+105 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; infrared : stars; radio continuum : stars; stars : individual (GRS 1915+105); X-rays : individual ( GRS 1915+105) X-rays : stars ID SUPERLUMINAL SOURCE GRS-1915+105; BLACK-HOLE CANDIDATES; RAY TIMING EXPLORER; X-RAY; RELATIVISTIC JETS; INFRARED FLARES; RADIO-EMISSION; PERFORMANCE; OUTBURST; GALAXY AB We present the results from a multiwavelength campaign of GRS 1915+105 performed from 2000 April 16 to April 25. This is one of the largest coordinated set of observations ever performed for this source, covering the wide energy band in radio (13.3-0.3 cm), near-infrared (J, H, and K bands), X-rays, and gamma rays (from 1 keV to 10 MeV). During the campaign GRS 1915+105 was predominantly in the plateau (or low/hard) state but sometimes showed soft X-ray oscillations: before April 20.3, rapid, quasi-periodic (similar or equal to45 minutes) flare-dip cycles were observed. In the spectral energy distribution in the plateau state, optically thick synchrotron emission and Comptonization is dominant in the radio and X- to gamma-ray bands, respectively. The small luminosity in the radio band relative to that in X-rays indicates that GRS 1915+105 falls in the regime of "radio-quiet" microquasars. In three epochs we detected faint flares in the radio or infrared bands with amplitudes of 10-20 mJy. The radio flares observed on April 17 shows frequency-dependent peak delay, consistent with an expansion of synchrotron-emitting region starting at the transition from the hard-dip to the soft-flare states in X-rays. On the other hand, infrared flares on April 20 appear to follow (or precede) the beginning of X-ray oscillations with an inconstant time delay of similar or equal to5-30 minutes. This implies that the infrared-emitting region is located far from the black hole by greater than or similar to10(13) cm, while its size is less than or similar to10(12) cm constrained from the time variability. We find a good correlation between the quasi-steady flux level in the near-infrared band and in the X-ray band. From this we estimate that the reprocessing of X-rays, probably occurring in the outer parts of the accretion disk, accounts for about 20%-30% of the observed K magnitude in the plateau state. The OSSE spectrum in the 0.05-10 MeV band is represented by a single power law with a photon index of 3.1 extending to similar to1 MeV with no cutoff. We can model the combined GIS-PCA-HEXTE spectra covering 1 200 keV by a sum of the multicolor disk model, a broken power law modified with a high-energy cutoff, and a reflection component. The power-law slope above similar to30 keV is found to be very similar between different states in spite of large flux variations in soft X- rays, implying that the electron energy distribution is not affected by the change of the state in the accretion disk. C1 Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 35101, Japan. INTA, LAEFF, Madrid, Spain. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. CSIC, IAA, Granada, Spain. Serv Astrophys, Saclay, France. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, IAFE, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NAO, Nobeyama Radio Observ, Nagano, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 113, Japan. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale, I-00185 Rome, Italy. SAO, St Petersburg, Russia. Observ Astron Nacl Mexico, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ueda, Y (reprint author), Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RI Swank, Jean/F-2693-2012; OI Casella, Piergiorgio/0000-0002-0752-3301; Feroci, Marco/0000-0002-7617-3421; Castro-Tirado, A. J./0000-0003-2999-3563; Rodriguez, Jerome/0000-0002-4151-4468; Chaty, Sylvain/0000-0002-5769-8601 NR 73 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 571 IS 2 BP 918 EP 935 DI 10.1086/340061 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556CB UT WOS:000175830800029 ER PT J AU Burgasser, AJ Marley, MS Ackerman, AS Saumon, D Lodders, K Dahn, CC Harris, HC Kirkpatrick, JD AF Burgasser, AJ Marley, MS Ackerman, AS Saumon, D Lodders, K Dahn, CC Harris, HC Kirkpatrick, JD TI Evidence of cloud disruption in the L/T dwarf transition SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; stars : atmospheres; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (SDSS J1254-0122, 2MASS J0559-1404); stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID ALL-SKY SURVEY; BROWN DWARF; SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; GIANT PLANETS; GLIESE 229B; T-DWARFS; VARIABILITY; 2MASS; DISCOVERY AB Clouds of metal-bearing condensates play a critical role in shaping the emergent spectral energy distributions of the coolest classes of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs, L and T dwarfs. Because condensate clouds in planetary atmospheres show distinct horizontal structure, we have explored a model for partly cloudy atmospheres in brown dwarfs. Our model successfully reproduces the colors and magnitudes of both L and T dwarfs for the first time, including the unexpected brightening of the early- and mid-type T dwarfs at the J band, provided that clouds are rapidly removed from the photosphere at T(eff) approximate to 1200 K. The clearing of cloud layers also explains the surprising persistence and strengthening of gaseous FeH bands in early- and mid- type T dwarfs. The breakup of cloud layers is likely driven by convection in the troposphere, analogous to phenomena observed on Jupiter. Our results demonstrate that planetary-like atmospheric dynamics must be considered when examining the evolution of free-floating brown dwarfs. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Astron & Astrophys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Planetary Chem Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Burgasser, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Astron & Astrophys, 8965 Math Sci Bldg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM adam@astro.ucla.edu; mmarley@mail.arc.nasa.gov; ack@sky.arc.nasa.gov; dsaumon@cactus.phy.vanderbilt.edu; lodders@levee.wustl.edu; dahn@nofs.navy.mil; hch@nofs.navy.mil; davy@ipac.caltech.edu RI Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012; Marley, Mark/I-4704-2013 OI Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253; NR 33 TC 147 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 571 IS 2 BP L151 EP L154 DI 10.1086/341343 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556CE UT WOS:000175831100018 ER PT J AU Kuznetsov, S Titarchuk, L AF Kuznetsov, S Titarchuk, L TI Can any "invariants" be revealed in quasi-periodic phenomena observed from scorpius X-1? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; relativity; stars : individual (Scorpius X-1); stars : neutron ID X-RAY BINARIES; OSCILLATIONS; MODEL AB Using a large number of Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer observations of Scorpius X-1, we present a detailed investigation of the transition layer and relativistic precession models (TLM and RPM, respectively). These models predict the existence of the invariant quantities: an inclination angle delta of the magnetospheric axis with the normal to the disk for the TLM and a neutron star (NS) mass M-NS for the RPM. Theoretical predictions of both models are tested, and their self-consistency is checked. We establish the following: (1) The inferred d value is 5.degrees56 +/- 0.degrees09. Correlation of the d-values with the horizontal-branch oscillation (HBO) frequency is rather weak. (2) There is a strong correlation between an inferred M-NS and the HBO frequency in the RPM frameworks. (3) We infer M-NS for different assumptions regarding the relations between the HBO frequency nu(HBO) and the nodal frequency nu(nod). We find that the inferred M-NS = 2.7 +/- 0.1 M. cannot be consistent with any equation of state of NS matter. We conclude that the RPM fails to describe the data while the TLM seems to be compatible. C1 Space Res Inst, High Energy Astrophys Dept, Moscow 117997, Russia. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kuznetsov, S (reprint author), Space Res Inst, High Energy Astrophys Dept, Profsoyuznaya 84-32, Moscow 117997, Russia. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 571 IS 2 BP L137 EP L141 DI 10.1086/341342 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556CE UT WOS:000175831100015 ER PT J AU Park, HS Williams, GG Hartmann, DH Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Tucker, DL Klose, S Stecklum, B Henden, A Adelman, J Barthelmy, SD Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Chen, B Cline, T Csabai, I Gehrels, N Harvanek, M Hennessy, GS Hurley, K Ivezic, Z Kent, S Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Lindsay, K Long, D Nemiroff, R Neilsen, EH Nitta, A Newberg, HJ Newman, PR Perez, D Periera, W Schneider, DP Snedden, SA Stoughton, C Berk, DEV York, D Ziock, K AF Park, HS Williams, GG Hartmann, DH Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Tucker, DL Klose, S Stecklum, B Henden, A Adelman, J Barthelmy, SD Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Chen, B Cline, T Csabai, I Gehrels, N Harvanek, M Hennessy, GS Hurley, K Ivezic, Z Kent, S Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Lindsay, K Long, D Nemiroff, R Neilsen, EH Nitta, A Newberg, HJ Newman, PR Perez, D Periera, W Schneider, DP Snedden, SA Stoughton, C Berk, DEV York, D Ziock, K TI LOTIS, Super-LOTIS, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and Tautenburg observations of GRB 010921 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; AFTERGLOW; SYSTEM AB We present multi-instrument optical observations of the High Energy Transient Explorer (HETE-2) and Interplanetary Network error box of GRB 010921. This event was the first gamma-ray burst (GRB) partly localized by HETE-2 that has resulted in the detection of an optical afterglow. In this Letter, we report the earliest known observations of the GRB 010921 field, taken with the 0.11 m Livermore Optical Transient Imaging System (LOTIS) telescope, and the earliest known detection of the GRB 010921 optical afterglow, using the 0.5 m Sloan Digital Sky Survey Photometric Telescope (SDSS PT). Observations with the LOTIS telescope began during a routine sky patrol 52 minutes after the burst. Observations were made with the SDSS PT, the 0.6 m Super-LOTIS telescope, and the 1.34 m Tautenburg Schmidt telescope 21.3, 21.8, and 37.5 hr, respectively, after the GRB. In addition, the host galaxy was observed with the US Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station 1.0 m telescope 56 days after the burst. We find that at later times (t > 1 day after the burst), the optical afterglow exhibited a power-law decline with a slope of alpha = 1.75 +/- 0.28. However, our earliest observations show that this power-law decline cannot have extended to early times (t < 0.035 days). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Expt Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Karl Schwarzschild Observ, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Chicago, Yerkes Observ, Williams Bay, WI 53191 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. European Space Agcy Vilspa, XMM Sci Operat Ctr, Madrid 28080, Spain. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Park, HS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Nemiroff, Robert/0000-0002-4505-6599; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 571 IS 2 BP L131 EP L135 DI 10.1086/341334 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556CE UT WOS:000175831100014 ER PT J AU Price, PA Kulkarni, SR Berger, E Djorgovski, SG Frail, DA Mahabal, A Fox, DW Harrison, FA Bloom, JS Yost, SA Reichart, DE Henden, AA Ricker, GR van der Spek, R Hurley, K Atteia, JL Kawai, N Fenimore, E Graziani, C AF Price, PA Kulkarni, SR Berger, E Djorgovski, SG Frail, DA Mahabal, A Fox, DW Harrison, FA Bloom, JS Yost, SA Reichart, DE Henden, AA Ricker, GR van der Spek, R Hurley, K Atteia, JL Kawai, N Fenimore, E Graziani, C TI GRB 010921: Discovery of the first High Energy Transient Explorer afterglow SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; EMISSION-LINE SPECTRA; HOST GALAXY; STANDARD STARS; DUST; SPECTROSCOPY; EXTINCTION; CURVES; SYSTEM; FAINT AB We report the discovery of the optical and radio afterglow of GRB 010921, the first gamma-ray burst afterglow to be found from a localization by the High Energy Transient Explorer satellite. We present optical spectroscopy of the host galaxy, which we find to be a dusty and apparently normal star-forming galaxy at z = 0.451. The unusually steep optical spectral slope of the afterglow can be explained by heavy extinction, A(V) > 0.5 mag, along the line of sight to the GRB. Dust with similar A(V) for the host galaxy as a whole appears to be required by the measurement of a Balmer decrement in the spectrum of the host galaxy. C1 CALTECH, Palomar Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Tokyo Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Price, PA (reprint author), CALTECH, Palomar Observ, MS 105-24, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 571 IS 2 BP L121 EP L125 DI 10.1086/341332 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556CE UT WOS:000175831100012 ER PT J AU Cruddace, R Voges, W Bohringer, H Collins, CA Romer, AK MacGillivray, H Yentis, D Schuecker, P Ebeling, H De Grandi, S AF Cruddace, R Voges, W Bohringer, H Collins, CA Romer, AK MacGillivray, H Yentis, D Schuecker, P Ebeling, H De Grandi, S TI The ROSAT All-Sky Survey: A catalog of clusters of galaxies in a region of 1 steradian around the south Galactic pole SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies : clusters : general; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID N-LOG S; MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; FLUX-LIMITED SAMPLE; X-RAY SOURCES; REDSHIFT SURVEY; RICH CLUSTERS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; VELOCITY DISPERSIONS; COMPACT-GROUPS; HOT PLASMA AB A field of 1.013 sr in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS), centered on the south Galactic pole (SGP), has been searched in a systematic, objective manner for clusters of galaxies. The procedure relied on a correlation of the X-ray positions and properties of ROSAT sources in the field with the distribution of galaxies in the COSMOS digitized database, which was obtained from scanning the plates of the UK Schmidt IIIa-J optical survey of the southern sky. The study used the second ROSAT survey database ( RASS-2) and included several optical observing campaigns to measure cluster redshifts. The search, which is a precursor to the larger REFLEX survey encompassing the whole southern sky, reached the detection limits of both the RASS and the COSMOS data and yielded a catalog of 186 clusters in which the lowest flux is 1.5 x 10(-12) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) in the 0.1-2.4 keV band. Of these 157 have measured redshifts. Using a flux limit of 3.0 x 10(-12) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) a complete subset of 112 clusters was obtained, of which 110 have measured redshifts. The spatial distribution of the X-ray clusters out to a redshift of 0.15 shows an extension of the Local Supercluster to the Pisces-Cetus supercluster (z < similar to 0.07), and an orthogonal structure at higher redshift (0.07 < z < 0.15). This result is consistent with large-scale structure suggested by optical surveys. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Liverpool L3 5AF, Merseyside, England. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Osserv Astron Brera, I-22055 Merate, LC, Italy. RP Cruddace, R (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. NR 80 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 140 IS 2 BP 239 EP 264 DI 10.1086/324519 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556LG UT WOS:000175850400003 ER PT J AU Berg, JS Moore, JL Retzlaff, PD King, RE AF Berg, JS Moore, JL Retzlaff, PD King, RE TI Assessment of personality and crew interaction skills in successful naval aviators SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE personality; crew interaction skills; aviation ID RIGHT STUFF; PERFORMANCE AB Purpose: We were interested in studying a full range of successful aviators to discern which personality factors were present and whether these factors correlate with age, rank, and accumulated flight time. Method: The Armstrong Laboratory Aviator Personality Survey (ALAPS) was administered to 3 12 designated naval aviators and flight officers from a variety of aircraft communities. The sample included O-3/O-4 elite aviators who were selected for their squadron billets based on superior performance, O-5/O-6 aviators selected for command positions, and 59 flag officers. Results: The junior aviators scored higher on the factor associated with Dogmatism and lower on the factor associated with Team Orientation and Socialness. This pattern was reversed for the flag officers, while O-5/O-6 aviators received intermediate scores on each of these factors. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates a correlation between specific ALAPS factors and experience, rank, age, and flight time. The combination of high Dogmatism, low Team Orientation, and low Socialness in junior aviators could suggest lower openness to crew input and increased risk for mishaps. C1 USN, Dept Clin Invest, Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Robert E Mitchell Ctr POW Studies, Pensacola, FL USA. Uni No Colorado, Greeley, CO USA. USAF, Safety Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Berg, JS (reprint author), USN, Dept Clin Invest, Naval Med Ctr San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 6 BP 575 EP 579 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 555CX UT WOS:000175776700009 PM 12056674 ER PT J AU Liron, Z Tender, LM Golden, JP Ligler, FS AF Liron, Z Tender, LM Golden, JP Ligler, FS TI Voltage-induced inhibition of antigen-antibody binding at conducting optical waveguides SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE biosensor; waveguide; ITO; electrochemical control ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ARRAY BIOSENSOR; WAVE-GUIDE; BACTERIAL; SENSOR; GOLD AB Optical waveguides coated with electrically conducting indium-tin oxide (ITO) are demonstrated here as a new class of substrate for fluorescent immunosensors. These waveguides combine electrochemical control with evanescent excitation and image-based detection. Presented here are preliminary results utilizing these waveguides that demonstrate influence of waveguide voltage on antigen binding. Specifically, waveguide surfaces were bisected into electrically addressable halves, anti-ovalbumin immobilized in patterns on their surfaces, and a 1.3 V bias applied between waveguide halves in the presence of Cy5-labeled ovalbumin in 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 150 mM NaCl and 0.05% Tween-20. Fluorescence imaging indicated that binding of the antigen to positively biased waveguide halves was inhibited nearly 10-fold compared with negatively biased waveguide halves and unbiased controls. Furthermore, it is shown that ovalbumin binding to positively biased waveguide regions is regenerated after removal of applied voltage. These results suggest that electrochemical control of immunosensor substrates can be used as a possible strategy toward minimizing cross-reactive binding and/or nonspecific adsorption, immunosensor regeneration, and controlled binding. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Arlington, VA USA. Israel Inst Biol Res, IL-70450 Ness Ziona, Israel. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 6-7 BP 489 EP 494 AR PII S0956-5663(01)00320-7 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(01)00320-7 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 547JN UT WOS:000175329400006 PM 11959469 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Rochford, PA Hurlburt, HE AF Kara, AB Rochford, PA Hurlburt, HE TI Air-sea flux estimates and the 1997-1998 ENSO event SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bulk formulae; El Nino; La Nina; latent and sensible heat flux; ocean mixed-layer depth; wind stress ID 1997-98 EL-NINO; INTERMEDIATE COUPLED MODELS; BARRIER-LAYER FORMATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; MIXED-LAYER; CIRCULATION MODELS; ENERGY FLUX; TOGA-COARE; OCEAN; SURFACE AB Bulk formulae for wind stress, sensible and latent heat flux are presented that are suitable for strong mesoscale events such as westerly wind bursts that contribute to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Their exchange coefficients for heat and momentum have a simple polynomial dependence on wind speed and a linear dependence on air-sea temperature difference. The accuracy of these formulae are validated with respect to air-sea fluxes estimated using the standard algorithm adopted by the Tropical Ocean-Global AtmosphereCoupled-Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). The comparison is made for observations from 96 Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) array and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) moorings in the equatorial and North Pacific Ocean spanning years 1990-1999. The bulk formulae are shown to have very small median root-mean-square differences with respect to the TOGA COARE estimates: approximate to 0.003 N m(-2), 1.0 W m(-2), and 10.0 W m(-2) for the wind stress, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux, respectively. The variability of air-sea fluxes during the 1997-1998 ENSO is also examined, along with a possible relationship between air-sea fluxes and surface ocean mixed layer depth (MLD). The wind stress and latent heat flux during the 1997 El Nino are found to be greater in the warm pool of the western Pacific than in the central Pacific where the ENSO is most clearly seen. These differences disappear upon the start of La Nina. The MLD in the equatorial Pacific is found to be moderately correlated to air-sea fluxes just before the start of the 1998 La Nina and poorly correlated otherwise. C1 USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Rochford, PA (reprint author), USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 39 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 103 IS 3 BP 439 EP 458 DI 10.1023/A:1014945408605 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 538CJ UT WOS:000174796200005 ER PT J AU Alcalde, AM Marques, GE Weber, G Reinecke, TL AF Alcalde, AM Marques, GE Weber, G Reinecke, TL TI Electron-acoustic phonon scattering rates in spherical quantum dots: Contribution of the macroscopic deformation potential SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Brazillian Workshop on Semiconductor Physics (BWSP 10) CY APR 22-27, 2001 CL GUARUJA, BRAZIL ID RELAXATION; VIBRATIONS; GLASS AB The electron-acoustic-phonon scattering process in spherical II-VI quantum dots is discussed. The quantized acoustic modes are described in terms of the Lamb's classical theory. We considered two mechanism for the interaction between electrons and acoustic modes: microscopic deformation potential, and macroscopic acoustic deformation, also called the ripple mechanism. We also discuss the influence of the glass matrix on the electron-phonon coupling. Our calculations show that the ripple mechanism scattering rates become dominant, by more than an order of magnitude, for small dot radius. In general, the total scattering rate depends on the acoustical properties of the glass matrix. C1 Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Fis, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. Univ Sao Francisco, BR-13251900 Itatiba, SP, Brazil. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Alcalde, AM (reprint author), Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Fis, Caixa Postal 676, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RI Weber, Gerald/A-8669-2010; Alcalde, Augusto/J-5856-2014; Marques, Gilmar Eugenio/G-3528-2015 OI Weber, Gerald/0000-0002-2935-1571; Alcalde, Augusto/0000-0002-3806-0661; Marques, Gilmar Eugenio/0000-0002-8608-6508 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA FISICA PI SAO PAULO PA CAIXA POSTAL 66328, 05315-970 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 0103-9733 J9 BRAZ J PHYS JI Braz. J. Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 2 BP 284 EP 286 DI 10.1590/S0103-97332002000200008 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 568BF UT WOS:000176522000008 ER PT J AU Sikora, TD Thompson, DR AF Sikora, TD Thompson, DR TI Air-sea turbulence statistics from synthetic aperture radar: An update SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND FIELDS; SURFACE; IMAGERY; SAR AB A similarity theory based method for calculating turbulence statistics from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) derived 10 in neutral wind speed image sub-scenes was tested. We concentrated on the ability of the method to yield proper estimates of the ratio of reference height to Obukhov length (z/L) and kinematic buoyancy flux (B). The tropical ocean global atmosphere - coupled ocean atmosphere response experiment (TOGA-COARE) bulk flux algorithm, fed with buoy and mooring data corresponding in space and time to a particular sub-scene, provided a comparison data set. Thirteen case studies were examined covering a wide range of negative air-sea temperature difference and wind speed. The statistics from the SAR method that we report herein are averages from a 3 x 3 sub-scene grid centered on a particular in situ station for each case study. The correlation coefficient for z/L is 0.77 and that for B is 0.95. The value of z/L produced by the SAR method, averaged over all 13 case studies, is -0.15. The standard deviation of z/L from the SAR method, averaged over all 13 case studies, is 0.12. The corresponding values for B are 0.046 m(.)s(-1)K (average) and 0.034 m(.)s(-1)K (standard deviation). The mean difference and root mean square difference (COARE results - SAR results) for the z/L comparisons are -0.008 and 0.119, respectively, and the same statistics for the B comparisons are 0.030 m(.)s(-1)K and 0.039 m(.)s(-1)K. Potential sources of error and avenues for future research are briefly discussed. C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Sikora, TD (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI OTTAWA PA 1685 RUSSELL RD, UNIT 1-R, OTTAWA, ON K1G 0N1, CANADA SN 0703-8992 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 28 IS 3 BP 517 EP 523 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 573PK UT WOS:000176839900020 ER PT J AU Anderson, HA Englert, R Gursel, I Shacter, E AF Anderson, HA Englert, R Gursel, I Shacter, E TI Oxidative stress inhibits the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells that have externalized phosphatidylserine SO CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; phagocytosis; phosphatidylserine; oxidants ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE; MACROPHAGE RECOGNITION; VITRONECTIN RECEPTOR; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PROTEIN OXIDATION; DENDRITIC CELLS; GENERAL FEATURE; IN-VITRO; CLEARANCE; EXPOSURE AB The efficient phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages reduces the potential for an inflammatory response by ensuring that the dying cells are cleared before their Intracellular contents are released. Early apoptotic cells are targeted for phagocytosis through the translocation of phosphatidylserine (PS) from the inner to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. In this report, we show that the oxidant H2O2 inhibits phagocytosis of apoptotic cells even though the cells express functional PS on their surface. Thus, B lymphoma cells induced to undergo apoptosis by the chemotherapy drug etoposide are efficiently phagocytosed by macrophages in a process that is mediated by PS (Inhibitable by PS liposomes). Exposure of the apoptotic cells to H2O2 inhibits phagocytosis even though the cells still express functional PS on their surface. In addition, Jurkat cells and thymocytes induced to undergo apoptosis by H2O2 alone are poorly phagocytosed. Inhibition of phagocytosis by H2O2 cannot be attributed to oxidative inactivation or redistribution of PS on the cell surface. The results indicate that PS externalization is necessary but is not sufficient to target apoptotic cells for phagocytosis. Another phagocytosis recognition factor must therefore exist to facilitate uptake of apoptotic cells, and this factor is sensitive to modification by H2O2. C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Immunol Lab, Div Therapeut Prot, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Lab Retroviral Res, Div Viral Prod, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20879 USA. RP Anderson, HA (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Immunol Lab, Div Therapeut Prot, Bld 29A,Rm 2A-07, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. OI Gursel, Ihsan/0000-0003-3761-1166 NR 46 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1350-9047 J9 CELL DEATH DIFFER JI Cell Death Differ. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 6 BP 616 EP 625 DI 10.1038/sj/cdd/4401013 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 560ZP UT WOS:000176111500005 PM 12032670 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, TL TI Noise-resistant chaotic maps SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHRONIZATION; COMMUNICATION; SYSTEMS AB Synchronized chaotic systems are highly vulnerable to noise added to the synchronizing signal. It was previously shown that chaotic circuits could be built that were less sensitive to this type of noise. In this work, simple chaotic maps are demonstrated that are also less sensitive to added noise. These maps are based on coupling a shift map to a digital filter. These maps are simple enough that they should help lead to an understanding of how noise-robust chaotic systems work. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 275 EP 278 DI 10.1063/1.1469623 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 555AP UT WOS:000175770500002 ER PT J AU Buckley, GS Roland, CM Casalini, R Petchsuk, A Chung, TC AF Buckley, GS Roland, CM Casalini, R Petchsuk, A Chung, TC TI Electrostrictive properties of poly(vinylidenefluoridetrifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FLUORIDE-TRIFLUOROETHYLENE COPOLYMERS; VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE; FILMS; NETWORKS AB Terpolymers of vinylidene fluoride (VDF), trifluoroethylene (TrFE), and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) were synthesized as potential materials for electromechanical transduction. These terpolymers had relatively high molecular weights (similar to30 kg/mol) and CTFE levels in the range of 5-10 mol %. The presence of the bulky CTFE units disrupts the sequence length of the crystal, which lowers both the melting and Curie transitions; however, the degree of crystallinity remains high. The formation of smaller, more mobile polar domains gives rise to good electromechanical response. At low electric fields (7 MV/m), longitudinal strains as high as 0.5% are attained. This is significantly higher than the strains achieved with the same terpolymer obtained by bulk polymerization. The present materials exhibit a low mechanical modulus (ca. 0.2 GPa) relative to other VDF-TrFE copolymers. This might limit their use, depending on the application. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Cameron Univ, Sch Sci & Technol, Lawton, OK 73505 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 6 BP 2590 EP 2593 DI 10.1021/cm0116471 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 565HZ UT WOS:000176365000025 ER PT J AU Kim, J Peacor, DR AF Kim, J Peacor, DR TI Crystal-size distributions of clays during episodic diagenesis: The Salton Sea Geothermal system SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE losed system; episodic diagenesis; illite; log-normal distribution; open system; Ostwald ripening; TEM ID HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; ILLITE-MUSCOVITE; TEM DATA; PHYLLOSILICATES; MECHANISMS; MINERALS; SHALES; ROCKS; XRD AB Crystal-size distributions (CSDs) for clay minerals with depth were measured from the Salton Sea Geothermal Field (SSGF) as a test for the presence and meaning of theoretical crystal-size distributions in a natural system. The SSGF is a classic open hydrothermal system, and crystals are forming directly without apparent modification of early-formed crystals, over a wide range of temperature. Thus, the measured CSDs are the actual distributions for a single episode in which all crystals grew at the same time from solution at different temperatures and depths, rather than through modifications of shallower samples. Some TEM images of ion-milled samples from a range of depths were used to measure the crystal thicknesses of illite, chlorite and biotite. Grain-size histograms flatten, broaden and shift to larger sizes with increasing depth. Values of alpha and beta were calculated and used to verify that the measured distributions are log normal. Reduced grain-size distributions for illite in SSGF samples obey steady-state constraints. The observations appear to be consistent with evolution of illite with increasing depth in the SSGF system by growth in an open system giving rise to log-normal distributions, followed by supply-controlled growth in an open system. Because crystals at different depths grew simultaneously under different temperature and fluid conditions as a function of depth, they do not represent different stages of a single evolving system. The relations imply that isochemical and isothermal systems which permit an evolving system to be sampled are rare or non-existent. The data for distributions for a given depth in the SSGF are consistent with growth in an open system. The collective relations therefore imply that caution should be used in interpreting conditions of crystal growth in natural systems even where CSDs give results which are necessary for, but not sufficient to prove, a given modeled mechanism. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7431, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI AURORA PA PO BOX 460130, AURORA, CO 80046-0130 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 371 EP 380 DI 10.1346/000986002760833747 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 575UJ UT WOS:000176966600010 ER PT J AU Bagenstose, LM Silver, P Hoffman, SC Kampen, RL Chan, CC Wiggert, B Harlan, DM Caspi, R AF Bagenstose, LM Silver, P Hoffman, SC Kampen, RL Chan, CC Wiggert, B Harlan, DM Caspi, R TI CD40/CD40 interactions required for EAU. SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NEI, LI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Transplantat Biol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NEI, LRCMB, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 103 IS 3 SU S MA 160 BP S53 EP S53 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 566QK UT WOS:000176439600161 ER PT J AU Chipman, SF AF Chipman, SF TI Conceptual spaces: The geometry of thought SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY-APA REVIEW OF BOOKS LA English DT Book Review ID EXECUTIVE COGNITIVE-PROCESSES; MULTIPLE-TASK PERFORMANCE; COMPUTATIONAL THEORY C1 Off Naval Res, Cognit Sci Program, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Chipman, SF (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Cognit Sci Program, 800 N Quincy St,Code 342, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 277 EP 279 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 558GA UT WOS:000175956900018 ER PT J AU Cash, BD AF Cash, BD TI Evidence-based medicine as it applies to acid suppression in the hospitalized patient SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE evidence-based medicine; randomized controlled trials; stress ulcer bleeding; peptic ulcer rebleeding; upper gastrointestinal bleeding; prevention; treatment; gastric acid suppression; intravenous; proton pump inhibitors; pantoprazole; histamine-2-receptor antagonists ID STRESS-ULCER PROPHYLAXIS; BLEEDING PEPTIC-ULCER; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS; OMEPRAZOLE SUSPENSION; INTRAGASTRIC PH; RANITIDINE; THERAPY; HEMORRHAGE; PLACEBO; METAANALYSIS AB An evidence-based-medicine approach may be applied to studies in the medical literature to help physicians make sound judgments about efficacy and safety data and to improve clinical decision making. To assess the role of gastric acid suppression in the prevention of stress ulcer bleeding and in the management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding after successful hemostasis of bleeding peptic ulcer disease, the following questions should be addressed: Is it possible to identify risk factors for clinically important bleeding in critically ill patients? Can intravenous acid suppression prevent stress ulcer-related bleeding or prevent rebleeding in peptic ulcers after successful hemostasis? What is the most effective method of acid suppression for these disorders? An evidence-based-medicine review of published trials yields sufficient evidence to support the use of prophylactic acid suppression in critically ill patients with coagulopathy or in those who are receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation. Not enough data have accumulated to prove the superiority of intravenous proton pump inhibitors to intravenous histamine-2-receptor antagonists for prophylaxis of clinically important stress ulcer bleeding. With respect to acute gastrointestinal bleeding, however, two well-conducted trials indicate that an intravenous proton pump inhibitor is significantly more effective than an intravenous histamine-2-receptor antagonist or placebo in reducing the rate of rebleeding after hemostasis in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer. Analysis of the data from both trials shows that only five to six patients would need to receive an intravenous proton pump inhibitor to avoid one episode of rebleeding. C1 USN Hosp, Div Gastroenterol, Camp Lejeune, NC 28542 USA. RP Cash, BD (reprint author), USN Hosp, Div Gastroenterol, Camp Lejeune, NC 28542 USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 6 SU S BP S373 EP S378 DI 10.1097/00003246-200206001-00008 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 566AM UT WOS:000176403600007 PM 12072665 ER PT J AU Stenger, DA Andreadis, JD Vora, GJ Pancrazio, JJ AF Stenger, DA Andreadis, JD Vora, GJ Pancrazio, JJ TI Potential applications of DNA microarrays in biodefense-related diagnostics SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DENSITY OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; MICROELECTRONIC CHIP ARRAY; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; PROBE ARRAYS; AMPLIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; PREDICTION AB Recent years have witnessed a logarithmic growth in the number of applications involving DNA microarrays. Extrapolation of their use for infectious diagnostics and biodefense-related diagnostics seems obvious. Nevertheless, the application of DNA microarrays to biodefense-related diagnostics will depend on solving a set of substantial, yet approachable, technical and logistical problems that encompass diverse topics from amplification efficiency to bioinformatics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stenger, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 35 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 BP 208 EP 212 DI 10.1016/S0958-1669(02)00321-X PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 557HV UT WOS:000175903900003 PM 12180094 ER PT J AU Wilson, CL Arfsten, DP Carpenter, RL Alexander, WK Still, KR AF Wilson, CL Arfsten, DP Carpenter, RL Alexander, WK Still, KR TI Effect of Navy chaff release on aluminum levels in an area of the Chesapeake Bay SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE exchangeable aluminum; monomeric aluminum; chaff; sediment; soil; Chesapeake Bay ID PLANTS; ACCUMULATION; STREAMS; GROWTH; RATS AB The U.S. Navy uses aluminized glass chaff as a passive countermeasure for radar-guided threats to aircraft and surface ships. Over the last 25 years, several hundred thousand pounds of aluminized chaff have been released during flight operations over a training area on the Chesapeake Bay. There is concern that these releases have resulted in the accumulation of significant amounts of aluminum in the soil and sediment of this training area. This study compares the exchangeable and monomeric aluminum content of sediment within the affected area with that of samples taken from outside the training area. We found a less than twofold increase in the content of organic monomeric aluminum in samples taken from the affected area versus background samples, whereas inorganic monomeric aluminum concentrations within the affected area were significantly lower than background. These results suggest that chaff releases have not resulted in a significant accumulation of aluminum in this training area. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wilson, CL (reprint author), USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 2, 1887 Powhatan, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 52 IS 2 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1006/eesa.2002.2178 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 560WF UT WOS:000176103800009 PM 12061831 ER PT J AU Cowen, EA Ward, KB AF Cowen, Edwin A. Ward, Keith B. TI Chemical Plume Tracing SO ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article C1 [Cowen, Edwin A.] Cornell Univ, DeFrees Hydraul Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ward, Keith B.] Off Naval Res, Biomol & Biosyst Sci & Technol Grp, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Cowen, EA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, DeFrees Hydraul Lab, Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM eac20@cornell.edu; wardk@ONR.NAVY.MIL NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-7419 J9 ENVIRON FLUID MECH JI Environ. Fluid Mech. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 2 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1023/A:1016247516041 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA V26MF UT WOS:000208549000001 ER PT J AU Burleigh, MC Markowitz, MA Spector, MS Gaber, BP AF Burleigh, MC Markowitz, MA Spector, MS Gaber, BP TI Porous polysilsesquioxanes for the adsorption of phenols SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEVES; ACTIVATED CARBON; ORGANIC GROUPS; REGENERATION; FRAMEWORKS; OXIDE; WATER AB Arylene- and ethylene-bridged polysilsesquioxane materials have been synthesized by the hydrolysis and condensation of alkoxysilyl precursors under basic conditions. Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride was used to increase the porosity and surface areas of these materials via the surfactant template approach, Structural characterization of these materials was carried out by nitrogen gas sorption and X-ray diffraction. The adsorption of three phenolic compounds (4-nitrophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 4-methylphenol) has been investigated by both batch and column testing. The arylene-bridged material exhibited a much greater affinity for all three phenols. The efficient removal of adsorbed phenols by a simple ethanol wash led to sorbent regeneration and separation of the aromatic species. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 11 BP 2515 EP 2518 DI 10.1021/es011115l PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 563UR UT WOS:000176275600047 PM 12075813 ER PT J AU Gondarenko, NA Guzdar, PN Milikh, GM Ossakow, SL AF Gondarenko, NA Guzdar, PN Milikh, GM Ossakow, SL TI Modification of the electron density profile near the upper hybrid layer during radio wave heating of the ionosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; INSTABILITY; RESONANCE AB [1] High frequency (HF) radio waves can modify the electron density profile of the ionosphere in the upper hybrid resonance region (UHR). The spatial and temporal development of this modification was investigated using a multi-frequency Doppler diagnostic system at the TROMSO facility [Lobachevsky et al., 1992]. We present the results of the simulations of the density profile modification near the upper hybrid resonance height for the parameters relevant to the experiment and show that the spatio-temporal development of the density modification is quantitatively modelled by the mode conversion and the radio wave heating. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gondarenko, NA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 11 AR 1510 DI 10.1029/2002GL014934 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 610MN UT WOS:000178964000050 ER PT J AU Montgomery, MT Spargo, BJ Mueller, JG Coffin, RB Smith, DC Boyd, TJ AF Montgomery, MT Spargo, BJ Mueller, JG Coffin, RB Smith, DC Boyd, TJ TI Bacterial production stimulated across the zone of influence of a ground water circulation well in a BTEX-contaminated aquifer SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID UNATTACHED BACTERIA; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; MARINE-BACTERIA; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; GROWTH; RATES AB Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) hydrocarbons are typically the most abundant carbon source for bacteria in gasoline-contaminated ground water. In situ bioremediation strategies often involve stimulating bacterial heterotrophic production in an attempt to increase carbon demand of the assemblage. This may, in turn, stimulate biodegradation of contaminant hydrocarbons. In this study, ground water circulation wells (GCWs) were used as,in in situ treatment for a fuel-contaminated aquifer to stimulate bacterial production, purportedly by increasing oxygen transfer to die subsurface, circulating limiting nutrients, enhancing bioavailability of hydrocarbons, or by removing metabolically inhibitory volatile organics. Bacterial production, as measured by rates of bacterial protein synthesis, was stimulated across the zone of influence (ZOI) of a series of GCWs. Productivity increased from similar to10(2) to >10(5) ng C/L hour across the ZOI, suggesting that treatment stimulated overall biodegradation of carbon sources present in the ground water. However, even if BTEX carbon met all bacterial carbon demand, biodegradation would account for <4.3% of the total estimated BTEX removed from the ground water. Although bacterial productivity measurements alone cannot prove the effectiveness of in situ bioremediation, they can estimate the maximum amount of contaminant that may be biodegraded by a treatment system. C1 USN, Res Lab, EQS, Washington, DC 20375 USA. URS Corp, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 USA. USN, Res Lab, EQS, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EQS, Code 6115,4555 Overlook Ave SE, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mtm@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; bspargo@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; jim_mueller@urscorp.com; rcoffin@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; dcsmith@gso.uri.edu; tboyd@ccf.nrl.navy.mil RI Smith, David/A-8309-2013 OI Smith, David/0000-0003-0627-5788 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 144 EP 150 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2002.tb00763.x PG 7 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 588PE UT WOS:000177709200011 ER PT J AU Carlson, NL Krivak, TC Winter, WE Macri, CI AF Carlson, NL Krivak, TC Winter, WE Macri, CI TI Port site metastasis of ovarian carcinoma remote from laparoscopic surgery for benign disease SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE port site metastasis; laparoscopy ID CHOLECYSTECTOMY; CANCER; IMPLANTATION; COLON; RISK AB Background. The use of laparoscopic surgical procedures has continued to expand due to the many advantages that this surgical approach offers. However, as we continue to realize the benefits and expand the scope of laparoscopic procedures, new complications may occur. Case. This is the case of a 77-year-old gravida 2 para 2 who underwent exploratory laparotomy and surgical staging with optimal cytoreduction for Stage IIIC papillary serous ovarian carcinoma in February 1998. Her past surgical history was significant for total abdominal hysterectomy and left salpingo-oophorectomy in 1955 for symptomatic leiomyomata and for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy in July 1997. After initial platinum-based chemotherapy, she presented with an enlarging nodule at the right upper quadrant laparoscopic port site. Fine needle aspiration confirmed recurrent papillary serous ovarian carcinoma. After a discussion of her options, she elected to undergo surgical resection with postoperative salvage chemotherapy. Conclusion. Port site recurrences have been previously reported in patients who underwent initial surgical evaluation for ovarian carcinoma utilizing the laparoscopic approach. However, it is unusual for recurrent cancer to appear in port sites or operative incisions not related to the initial cancer surgery. This report serves to caution the gynecologic oncologist that the first evidence of recurrence may be at a laparoscopic port site from prior benign gynecologic or nongynecologic surgery. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Sch Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Krivak, TC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM TomKrivak@aol.com NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 85 IS 3 BP 529 EP 531 DI 10.1006/gyno.2001.6576 PG 3 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 560PV UT WOS:000176091200023 PM 12051886 ER PT J AU Nelson, M Messner, G Jenkins, B Cassata, J AF Nelson, M Messner, G Jenkins, B Cassata, J TI Development of a temperature stabilized light source for TLD readers. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S141 EP S142 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000081 ER PT J AU Krebs, WK Sinai, MJ AF Krebs, WK Sinai, MJ TI Psychophysical assessments of image-sensor fused imagery SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID COLOR NIGHT-VISION; LOW-LIGHT CCD; SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY; IR IMAGERY; FUSION; PILOTAGE; CONES AB The goal of this study was to determine the perceptual advantages of multiband sensor-fused (achromatic and chromatic) imagery over conventional single-band nighttime (image-intensified and infrared) imagery for a wide range of visual tasks, including detection, orientation, and scene recognition. Participants were 151 active-duty military observers whose reaction time and accuracy scores were recorded during a visual search task. Data indicate that sensor fusion did not improve performance relative to that obtained with single-band imagery on a target detection task but did facilitate object recognition, judgments of spatial orientation, and scene recognition. Observers' recognition and orientation judgments were improved by the emergent information within the image-fused imagery (i.e., combining dominant information from two or more sensors into a single displayed image). Actual or potential applications of this research include the deployment of image-sensor fused systems for automobile, aviation, and maritime displays to increase operators' visual processing during low-light conditions. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Krebs, WK (reprint author), FAA, 800 Independence Ave,SW,AAR-100,Room 907, Washington, DC 20591 USA. EM william.krebs@faa.gov NR 29 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 EI 1547-8181 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD SUM PY 2002 VL 44 IS 2 BP 257 EP 271 DI 10.1518/0018720024497880 PG 15 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 615GZ UT WOS:000179238600007 PM 12452272 ER PT J AU Biesecker, DA Lamy, P St Cyr, OC Llebaria, A Howard, RA AF Biesecker, DA Lamy, P St Cyr, OC Llebaria, A Howard, RA TI Sungrazing comets discovered with the SOHO/LASCO coronagraphs 1996-1998 SO ICARUS LA English DT Article ID LASCO; SOLAR; MISSION; UVCS AB The Kreutz sungrazing family of comets is unique because of its small perihelion distance and because of the large number of known members of this family. SOHO/LASCO coronagraph observations beginning in 1996 have revealed an unprecedented number of Kreutz comets. These new coronagraph observations improve upon earlier observations because of a larger field-of-view, increased image cadence, and better photometric measurements. This paper presents the lightcurves of the 141 Kreutz family comets observed from 1996 through 1998. Throughout this period, the number of family members discovered each year is shown to be constant. None of the comets were detected postperihelion. The lightcurves show distinctive characteristics which reveal much about the properties of the nuclei. It is shown that the individual fragments can be related to one of two "standard candies," which we call Universal Curves. The comets all reach a peak brightness at one of two characteristic distances (both near 12 R-circle dot) and that the comets fragment at another characteristic distance (about 7 R-circle dot). Also, evidence is seen for line emission, which varies with heliocentric distance. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Emergent IT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CNRS, Astron Spatiale Lab, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. CNRS, Astron Spatiale Lab, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Biesecker, DA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Emergent IT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 17 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUN PY 2002 VL 157 IS 2 BP 323 EP 348 DI 10.1006/icar.2002.6827 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 568NK UT WOS:000176548300005 ER PT J AU Jenn, DC AF Jenn, DC TI Applications of the Lambert W function in electromagnetics SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE functional analysis; capacitors; surface waves; Lambert function C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jenn, DC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mail Code,EC-JN 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jenn@nps.navy.mil NR 7 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 44 IS 3 BP 139 EP 142 DI 10.1109/MAP.2002.1039394 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 588PM UT WOS:000177709900012 ER PT J AU Ryu, SH Agarwal, A Richmond, J Palmour, J Saks, N Williams, J AF Ryu, SH Agarwal, A Richmond, J Palmour, J Saks, N Williams, J TI 10 A, 2.4 kV power DiMOSFETs in 4H-SiC SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE avalanche; fast switching; high voltage; MOSFET; NO anneal; silicon carbide ID SILICON-CARBIDE; VOLTAGE AB We report the characteristics of large area (3.3 x 3.3 mm(2)) high-voltage 4H-SiC DiMOSFETs. The MOSFETs show a peak MOS channel mobility of 22 cm(2)/V.s and a threshold voltage of 8.5 V at room temperature. The DiMOSFETs exhibit an on-resistance of 42 mOmega.cm(2) at room temperature and 85 mOmega.cm(2) at 200degreesC. Stable avalanche characteristics at approximately 2.4 kV are observed. An on-current of 10 A is measured on a 0.103 cm(2) device. High switching speed is also demonstrated. This suggests that the devices are capable of high-voltage, high-frequency, low-loss switching applications. C1 Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Ryu, SH (reprint author), Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. NR 12 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 6 BP 321 EP 323 AR PII S0741-3106(02)05186-8 DI 10.1109/LED.2002.1004222 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 556JC UT WOS:000175844800009 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Photonic-crystal distributed-feedback quantum cascade lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE distributed feedback lasers; laser modes; laser resonators; quantum well devices; semiconductor lasers ID LINEWIDTH ENHANCEMENT FACTOR; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; CONTINUOUS-WAVE; BAND-STRUCTURE; WELL LASERS; MU-M; TRIANGULAR-LATTICE; DFB LASER; INDEX; GAIN AB Because of an intrinsically low linewidth-enhancement factor, the quantum cascade laser (QCL) is especially favorable for patterning with a recently proposed 2-D photonic crystal (PC) lattice that substantially increases the device area over which optical coherence can be maintained. In this work, we use an original time-domain Fourier-transform (TDFT) algorithm to theoretically investigate the beam quality and spectral purity of gain-guided PC distributed-feedback (DFB) quantum cascade lasers. The conventional 1-D DFB laser and also the angled-grating DFB (alpha-DFB) laser are special cases of the PCDFB geometry. By searching the parameter space consisting of tilt angle, coupling coefficients, stripe width, and cavity length, we have theoretically optimized the PCDFB gratings for QCL gain regions. At a wavelength of 4.6 mum, the simulations project single-mode emission from stripes as wide as 1.2 mm, and etendues of no more than three times the diffraction limit for 2-mm stripes. We also examine the tolerances required for single-mode and high-brightness operation. Comparisons are made to analogous simulations of a-DFB QCL lasers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 50 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 6 BP 592 EP 602 AR PII S0018-9197(02)05019-4 DI 10.1109/JQE.2002.1005409 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 557VU UT WOS:000175929900008 ER PT J AU Fouts, DJ Pace, PE Karow, C Ekestorm, SRT AF Fouts, DJ Pace, PE Karow, C Ekestorm, SRT TI A single-chip false target radar image generator for countering wideband imaging radars SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS LA English DT Article DE digital image synthesis; digital signal processing; electronic warfare; inverse synthetic aperture radar; radar countermeasures; synthetic aperture radar; wideband imaging radar ID ISAR AB This paper describes the theory, design, implementation, simulation, and testing of an ASIC capable of generating false target radar images for countering wideband synthetic aperture and inverse synthetic aperture imaging radars. The 5.5 x 6.1 mm IC has 81632 transistors, 132 I/O pins, and consumes 0.132 W at 70 MHz from a 3.3-V supply. An introduction to the application and operation of the ASIC in an electronic attack system is also presented. The false target image is fully programmable and the chip is capable of generating images of both small and large targets, even up to the size of an aircraft carrier. This is the first reported use of all-digital technology to generate false target radar images of large targets. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. German Navy, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Swedish Natl Def Coll, Dept Mil Technol, SE-11593 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Fouts, DJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9200 J9 IEEE J SOLID-ST CIRC JI IEEE J. Solid-State Circuit PD JUN PY 2002 VL 37 IS 6 BP 751 EP 759 AR PII S0018-9200(02)04939-9 DI 10.1109/JSSC.2002.1004579 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 557VQ UT WOS:000175929500009 ER PT J AU Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A Barnhart, CM AF Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A Barnhart, CM TI Application of optimization techniques to a nonlinear problem of communication network design with nonlinear constraints SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE admission control; communication network; optimization; performance evaluation; quality-of-service (QoS) ID MULTIPLE SERVICE AB Nonlinear optimization under nonlinear constraints is usually difficult. However, standard ad-hoe search techniques may work successfully in some cases. Here, we consider an augmented Lagrangian formulation, and we develop a "projection heuristic" that "guides" the iterative search toward the optimum. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach by applying it to the problem of maximizing a circuit-switched communication network's throughput under quality-of-service (QoS) constraints by means of choosing the input offered load. This problem is useful for "sizing" the network capacity. Performance results using several versions of the algorithm demonstrate its robustness, in terms of its accuracy and convergence properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wieselthier, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Code 5521, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9286 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD JUN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1033 EP 1038 AR PII S0018-9286(02)05509-5 DI 10.1109/TAC.2002.1008369 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 560CT UT WOS:000176064900015 ER PT J AU Campbell, A Buchner, S Petersen, E Blake, B Mazur, J Dyer, C AF Campbell, A Buchner, S Petersen, E Blake, B Mazur, J Dyer, C TI SEU measurements and predictions on MPTB for a large energetic solar particle event SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2001 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE SP Techn Informat & Microelectr Comp Architecture Lab DE radiation; space; upsets ID MULTIPLE-BIT UPSETS; RADIATION ENVIRONMENT; CROSS-SECTION; SINGLE; SPACE; MICROELECTRONICS; MEMORIES; BOARD; DRAMS; CODE AB Single-event upset (SEU) ground testing and rate calculations have been performed for 16-Mb DRAMs flown on the microelectronics and photonics testbed experiment (MPTB) using measured particle spectra and compared with space data from a period of high solar activity. The results show that with the measured spectra, the measurements agree quite well with the calculations. Using just modeled environments, the results do not agree as well. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SAF, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. QinetiQ, Farnborough GU14 OLX, Hants, England. RP Campbell, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1340 EP 1344 AR PII S0018-9499(02)05808-2 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039664 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HE UT WOS:000178671300006 ER PT J AU McMorrow, D Boos, JB Park, D Buchner, S Knudson, AR Melinger, JS AF McMorrow, D Boos, JB Park, D Buchner, S Knudson, AR Melinger, JS TI Charge-collection dynamics of InP-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2001 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE SP Techn Informat & Microelectr Comp Architecture Lab DE HEMT; InAIAs; InAIAs/InGaAs; InGaAs; InPHEMT; SEU; single-event effects; single-event upset ID MECHANISMS; SIMULATION; FETS AB Time-resolved charge-collection measurements are performed on InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs with pulsed laser excitation as a function of device bias conditions and the incident laser pulse energy. The results provide clear evidence for the presence of charge-enhancement processes that, in many ways, are analogous to those observed previously for GaAs FET technology. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1396 EP 1400 AR PII S0018-9499(02)05810-0 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039673 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HE UT WOS:000178671300015 ER PT J AU Sternberg, AL Massengill, LW Schrimpf, RD Boulghassoul, Y Barnaby, HJ Buchner, S Pease, RL Howard, JW AF Sternberg, AL Massengill, LW Schrimpf, RD Boulghassoul, Y Barnaby, HJ Buchner, S Pease, RL Howard, JW TI Effect of amplifier parameters on single-event transients in an inverting operational amplifier SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2001 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE SP Techn Informat & Microelectr Comp Architecture Lab DE linear circuits; operational amplifier; single event transient ID INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; COMPARATORS; ANALOG AB Laser data and simulation tools are combined to investigate the single-event transient response of the LM124 operational amplifier. The effect of the bandwidth and gain on transients originating in different stages in the operational amplifier is studied. We found that the single-event transient response of the LM124 operational amplifier in an inverting configuration was dependent on the bandwidth of the amplifier, the gain, and on the values of the resistors used to program the gain of the amplifier. We show the results of simulations which illustrate how these changes impact the single-event transient response of the amplifier. An analysis of the results suggests which properties of an operational amplifier will provide a better single-event transient response. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RLP Res, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sternberg, AL (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 12 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1496 EP 1501 AR PII S0018-9499(02)05811-2 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039690 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HE UT WOS:000178671300032 ER PT J AU Buchner, S McMorrow, D Sternberg, A Massengill, L Pease, RL Maher, M AF Buchner, S McMorrow, D Sternberg, A Massengill, L Pease, RL Maher, M TI Single-event transient (SET) characterization of an LM119 voltage comparator: An approach to SET model validation using a pulsed laser SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2001 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE SP Techn Informat & Microelectr Comp Architecture Lab DE charge injection; circuit simulator program; radiation damage; model validation; pulsed laser; single-event transients; voltage comparator ID INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS AB The characteristics of single-event transients (SETs) generated in an LM119 voltage comparator with a pulsed laser have been studied under a wide variety of operating conditions. Those transients can be compared with transients obtained from circuit simulator programs to validate the model parameters used by those programs. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RLP Res, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. Natl Semicond Corp, Portland, ME 04106 USA. RP Buchner, S (reprint author), QSS Grp Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1502 EP 1508 AR PII S0018-9499(02)05830-6 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039691 PN 3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HE UT WOS:000178671300033 ER PT J AU Blank, M Felch, K James, BG Borchand, P Cahalan, P Chu, TS Jory, H Danly, BG Levush, B Calame, JP Nguyen, KT Pershing, DE AF Blank, M Felch, K James, BG Borchand, P Cahalan, P Chu, TS Jory, H Danly, BG Levush, B Calame, JP Nguyen, KT Pershing, DE TI Development and demonstration of high-average power W-Band gyro-amplifiers for radar applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amplifier; gyro-amplifier; gyrotron; millimeter wave; W-band ID GYROKLYSTRON AMPLIFIERS; DESIGN; GAIN; CODE AB The results of a focused program to develop high-power W-band gyro-amplifiers, which culminated in the demonstration of record average output powers from amplifiers in this band, are described. Following an experimental and theoretical study of low-duty prototype amplifiers, two high-average power devices were designed, built, and demonstrated. The first high-average power amplifier achieved 10.1-kW average output power at 33% efficiency in the TE01 mode at 93.8 GHz. The instantaneous bandwidth was 420 MHz and the saturated gain at the 10.1-kW point was 32 dB. The second high-average power gyroklystron, designed for improved bandwidth, demonstrated 10.2-kW average power at 31% efficiency with 700-MHz instantaneous bandwidth and 33-dB saturated gain. The measured results of the low-duty prototype amplifiers and the high-average power gyroklystrons are described in detail. In addition, theoretically predicted results for a high-average-power W-band gyrotwystron amplifier, which is currently in construction, are presented. C1 Commun & Power Ind, Microwave Power Prod Div, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. KN Res, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. Mission Res Corp, Newington, VA 22122 USA. RP Blank, M (reprint author), Commun & Power Ind, Microwave Power Prod Div, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 865 EP 875 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.801658 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632UR UT WOS:000180242200015 ER PT J AU Garven, M Calame, JP Danly, BG Nguyen, KT Levush, B Wood, FN AF Garven, M Calame, JP Danly, BG Nguyen, KT Levush, B Wood, FN TI A gyrotron-traveling-wave tube amplifier experiment with a ceramic loaded interaction region SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ceramic loading; electron beam; gyro-traveling wave tube (gyro-TWT); millimeter-wave amplifier ID GHZ GYROKLYSTRON AMPLIFIER; TWT AMPLIFIER; HIGH-POWER; MAGY; OPERATION AB The design and experimental study of a 35-GHz gyrotron-traveling-wave tube (gyro-TWT) amplifier operating in the circular TE01 mode at the fundamental cyclotron harmonic are presented. The interaction circuit in this experiment consisted of a new type of ceramic loading that provided the required loss for stable operation. A saturated peak power of 137 kW was measured at 34.1 GHz, corresponding to a saturated gain of 47.0 dB and an efficiency of, 17%, with a -3-dB bandwidth of 1.11 GHz (3.3%). Peak output powers in the range of 102.1 to 148.6 kW with -3-dB bandwidths of 1.26 and 0.94 GHz, respectively, were measured by varying the operating parameters. The gyro-TWT was found to be zero-drive stable at these operating points, demonstrating that ceramic loading is a highly effective means of suppressing spurious oscillations in gyro-TWTs. This type of ceramic loading has the added advantage of being compatible with high average power operation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Omega P Inc, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. KN Res, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. Dyncorp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Mission Res Corp, Newington, VA 22122 USA. RP Garven, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 87 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 885 EP 893 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.801650 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632UR UT WOS:000180242200017 ER PT J AU Harriet, SB McDermott, DB Gallagher, DA Luhmann, NC AF Harriet, SB McDermott, DB Gallagher, DA Luhmann, NC TI Cusp gun TE21 second-harmonic Ka-band Gyro-TWT amplifier SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE axis-encircling electron beam; cusp gun; gyro-traveling-wave tube (gyro-TWT); gyro-TWT amplifier; millimeter-wave amplifier; mode-selective circuit; second-harmonic ID TRAVELING-WAVE AMPLIFIER; TUBE AMPLIFIER; LINEAR-THEORY; GAIN; OPERATION; DESIGN; MASER AB A second-harmonic TE21 gyrotron traveling-wave tube (gyro-TWT) amplifier with an axis-encircling electron beam is being constructed at the University of California-Davis that is predicted to double the efficiency of our previous 200-kW 12%-efficient magnetron injection gun (MIG) TE21(2) gyro-TWT. Both devices employ a sliced mode-selective circuit to suppress the odd-order azimuthal modes. The new device will avoid the loss in efficiency that is due to off-axis electrons interacting with the resulting linearly polarized mode. The amplifier is predicted by our large signal code to produce 50 kW in Ka-band with 20% efficiency, 30 dB saturated gain, and 3% bandwidth. The 70-kV 3.5-A axis-encircling electron beam with v(perpendicular to)/v(z) = 1. 2 and Delta v(z)/v(z) = 7% will be produced by a Cusp electron gun delivered by Northrop Grumman. The amplifier has been, designed using linear theory to provide a 30% safety margin from absolute instability. Distributed loss is added to the first 30.5 cm of the circuit to ensure the device is stable to harmonic gyro-BWO. The last 11.5 cm of the circuit is standard copper to avoid attenuating the wave at high power levels. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 USA. RP Harriet, SB (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 909 EP 914 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.802151 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632UR UT WOS:000180242200020 ER PT J AU Sinitsyn, OV Nusinovich, GS Nguyen, KT Granatstein, VL AF Sinitsyn, OV Nusinovich, GS Nguyen, KT Granatstein, VL TI Nonlinear theory of the Gyro-TWT: Comparison of analytical method and numerical code data for the NRL gyro-TWT SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gyrotron; gyro-traveling-wave tube (gyro-TWT); millimeter-wave amplifier ID TRAVELING-WAVE AMPLIFIER; CYCLOTRON HARMONICS; SIMULATION; DESIGN AB Operation of gyro-traveling-wave tubes (gyro-TWTs) in large-signal regimes is typically studied by the use of either semi-analytical methods or various numerical codes. However, no comparative analysis of both approaches was done before. In this paper, we compare the results of numerical and semi-analytical studies of the large-signal operation of a gyro-TWT designed at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC. These results agree very well when the beam-wave interaction in the uniform part of the interaction region is considered. The inclusion of nonuniform input and output sections into the analysis may cause a noticeable difference between them. Possible reasons for this inconsistency are discussed. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. KN Res, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. RP Sinitsyn, OV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Nusinovich, Gregory/C-1314-2017 OI Nusinovich, Gregory/0000-0002-8641-5156 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 915 EP 921 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.801569 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632UR UT WOS:000180242200021 ER PT J AU Freund, HP Antonsen, TM Zaidman, EG Levush, B Legarra, J AF Freund, HP Antonsen, TM Zaidman, EG Levush, B Legarra, J TI Nonlinear time-domain analysis of coupled-cavity traveling-wave tubes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coupled cavity traveling-wave tubes (CCTWTs); large-signal analysis; nonlinear simulation; time-domain simulation; traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) ID SIMULATION; POWER; TAPER AB A time-dependent nonlinear analysis of a coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube (CCTWT) is presented. The coupled-cavity structure is modeled by a set of equivalent circuit equations where the equations for currents and voltages are coupled to the nearest neighbor cavities. Input and output coupler models as well as sever cavities are included in the formulation. The electron dynamics are treated using the three-dimensional Lorentz force equations although the RF field representation is an analytic model based on cylindrically symmetric geometry. The magnetic focusing fields are also cylindrically symmetric and can be either a solenoid or a periodic permanent magnet stack. The space-charge fields are found by mapping charge to a two-dimensional grid (r, z) and solving Poisson's equation by a finite difference grid formulation. The circuit and Lorentz force equations are integrated in time in a self-consistent manner. The formulation is capable of treating multiple drive frequencies and the associated intermodulation products as well as oscillations and backward wave instabilities. Hence, the model can be used to perform stability analyses. Furthermore, the cavity parameters can be varied to model dynamic velocity tapering for efficiency enhancement. The simulation is applied to the analysis of a sample C-Band CCTWT, and comparisons with measured performance of a Ka-Band CCTWT at Communications and Power Industries, Palo Alto, CA, are made. C1 USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FM Technol, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. Commun & Power Ind, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Freund, HP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 25 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1024 EP 1040 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.802148 PN 1 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632UR UT WOS:000180242200035 ER PT J AU Abe, DK Levush, B Antonsen, TM Whaley, DR Danly, BG AF Abe, DK Levush, B Antonsen, TM Whaley, DR Danly, BG TI Design of a linear C-band helix TWT for digital communications experiments using the CHRISTINE suite of large-signal codes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE digital modulation; helix traveling-wave tube; high-data-rate communications; large-signal code; optimization; traveling-wave tube (TWT) ID TRAVELING-WAVE TUBES AB A set of optimization goal functions designed to improve the efficiency and linearity performance of helix traveling-wave tubes (TWT) is described. These goal functions were implemented in the CHRISTINE suite of large-signal helix TWT codes along with a steepest-descent optimization algorithm to automate the process of circuit parameter variation and to facilitate the rapid exploration of alternative TWT designs. We compare the predicted power, efficiency, and linearity of four different helix TWT circuits, each developed according to a different set of optimization criteria. Out of, these designs, a single design was selected to be further developed for use in C, band high-data-rate communications experiments. The detailed design of this linearized TWT with a predicted 1-dB small-signal bandwidth of 1.2 GHz, small-signal centerband gain of 35.7 dB (f(c) = 5.5 GHz), and centerband saturated output power of 52 dBm (158.5 W) is presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 USA. RP Abe, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 19 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1053 EP 1062 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.801635 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632UR UT WOS:000180242200037 ER PT J AU Antonsen, TM Safier, P Chernin, DP Levush, B AF Antonsen, TM Safier, P Chernin, DP Levush, B TI Stability of traveling-wave amplifiers with reflections SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE backward-wave oscillator (RWO); stability; traveling-wave tube (TWT) ID OSCILLATORS AB The maximum achievable gain in individual sections of helix-type traveling-wave amplifiers is limited by the requirement that the device be stable with respect to the excitation of spurious modes. The excited modes may be of two types: backward waves, which are absolutely unstable, or forward waves, which are unstable in the presence of reflections and regenerative amplification. Whether a specific device is unstable depends on a number of details that must be computed numerically. We will present a model, used in the traveling-wave tube simulation code CHRISTINE, in which stability is determined including a number of important effects. These are: the placement of severs, their reflection and transmission coefficients, the profile of attenuation along the interaction length, the presence of a driven signal, and the coupling of forward and backward waves due to asymmetries in the helix support structure. Asymmetries result in a stopband near the "pi" point formed by the coupling of the forward and backward waves. For this case, a model is developed to evaluate the maximum stable length. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Antonsen, TM (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1089 EP 1107 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.801563 PN 1 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632UR UT WOS:000180242200041 ER PT J AU Nezhevenko, OA Yakovlev, VP Gold, SH Kinkead, AK AF Nezhevenko, OA Yakovlev, VP Gold, SH Kinkead, AK TI High-power high-convergence electron gun for an 11.424-GHz pulsed magnicon SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron gun; magnicon AB This paper describes the design and testing of an ultrahigh-convergence electron gun that was developed for a high-power X-band magnicon amplifier. The gun operates at an area compression ratio of 1400: 1 to produce a similar to500-kV similar to200-A beam with a diameter of similar to2 mm. C1 Omega P Inc, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. USN, Res Lab, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Nezhevenko, OA (reprint author), Omega P Inc, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1220 EP 1231 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.801556 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632UR UT WOS:000180242200058 ER PT J AU Petillo, J Eppley, K Panagos, D Blanchard, P Nelson, E Dionne, N DeFord, J Held, B Chernyakova, L Krueger, W Humphries, S McClure, T Mondelli, A Burdette, J Cattelino, M True, R Nguyen, KT Levush, B AF Petillo, J Eppley, K Panagos, D Blanchard, P Nelson, E Dionne, N DeFord, J Held, B Chernyakova, L Krueger, W Humphries, S McClure, T Mondelli, A Burdette, J Cattelino, M True, R Nguyen, KT Levush, B TI The MICHELLE three-dimensional electron gun and collector modeling tool: Theory and design SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beam formation; computer-aided design (CAD); electron gun; MICHELLE; multistage depressed collector; object oriented design; voyager ID SPACE-CHARGE AB The development of a new three-dimensional electron gun and collector design tool is reported. This new simulation code has been designed to address the shortcomings of current beam optics simulation and modeling tools used for vacuum electron devices, ion sources, and charged-particle transport. The design tool specifically targets problem classes including gridded-guns, sheet-beam guns, multibeam devices, and anisotropic collectors, with a focus on improved physics models. The code includes both structured and unstructured grid systems for meshing flexibility. A new method for accurate particle tracking through the mesh is discussed. In the area of particle emission, new models for thermionic beam representation are included that support primary emission and secondary emission. Also discussed are new methods for temperature-limited and space-charge-limited (Child's law) emission, including the Longo-Vaughn formulation. A new secondary emission model is presented that captures true secondaries and the full range rediffused electrons. A description of the MICHELLE code is presented. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Raytheon Co, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. Simulat Technol & Appl Res Inc, Milwaukee, WI USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Chartilly, VA USA. Field Precis, Albuquerque, NM 87192 USA. Boeing Electron Dynam Devices, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. Commun & Power Ind Inc, Microwave Power Prod Div, Palo Alto, CA USA. L Commun, San Carlos, CA 94070 USA. USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. KN Res, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. RP Sci Applicat Int Corp, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. EM jpetillo@bos.saic.com NR 37 TC 97 Z9 107 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1238 EP 1264 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.801659 PN 1 PG 27 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632UR UT WOS:000180242200060 ER PT J AU Vlasov, AN Antonsen, TM Chernin, DP Levush, B Wright, EL AF Vlasov, AN Antonsen, TM Chernin, DP Levush, B Wright, EL TI Simulation of microwave devices with external cavities using MAGY SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cavity resonators; klystrons; large signal models; MAGY; vacuum electronic devices ID POWER; MODEL; CODE AB A self-consistent large-signal beam-field interaction model for vacuum electronic microwave sources with external cavities is described. The model includes a self-consistent solution of the three-dimensional equations of electron motion and the time-dependent field equations. The RF fields are decomposed into the fields inside the beam region and the fields inside outer resonators. The RF fields inside the beam region are represented as a superposition of local waveguide modes. The RF fields inside resonators are represented as a sum over resonator modes. The various modes are coupled together due to gaps connecting cavities with each other and with the beam region. The numerical implementation of the model requires additional analytical steps to obtain an effective, convergent, and stable numerical solution. The modified version of the code MAGY has been tested by a comparison with known results and also with measured data. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Commun & Power Ind Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. RP Vlasov, AN (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 34 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1277 EP 1291 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.801600 PN 1 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632UR UT WOS:000180242200063 ER PT J AU Ainsleigh, PL Kehtarnavaz, N Streit, RL AF Ainsleigh, PL Kehtarnavaz, N Streit, RL TI Hidden Gauss-Markov models for signal classification SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Baum-Welch algorithm; continuous-state HMM; EM algorithm; fixed-interval smoother; forward-backward algorithm; hidden Markov model; Kalman filter; maximum likelihood classification; mixture density ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; SPEECH RECOGNITION; PROBABILISTIC FUNCTIONS; EM ALGORITHM; CHAINS AB Continuous-state hidden Markov models (CS-HMMs) are developed as a tool for signal classification. Analogs of the Baum, Viterbi, and Baum-Welch algorithms are formulated for this class of models. The CS-HMM algorithms are then specialized to hidden Gauss-Markov models (HGMMs) with linear Gaussian state-transition and output densities. A new Gaussian refactorization lemma is used to show that the Baum and Viterbi algorithms for HGMMs are implemented by two different formulations of the fixed-interval Kalman smoother. The measurement likelihoods obtained from the forward pass of the HGMM Baum algorithm and from the Kalman-filter innovation sequence are shown to be equal. A direct link between the Baum-Welch training algorithm and an existing expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for Gaussian models is demonstrated. A new expression for the cross covariance between time-adjacent states in HGMMs is derived from the off-diagonal block of the conditional joint covariance matrix. A parameter invariance structure is noted for the HGMM likelihood function. CS-HMMs and HGMMs are extended to incorporate mixture densities for the a priori density of the initial state. Application of HGMMs to signal classification is demonstrated with a three-class test simulation. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. RP USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM ainsleighpl@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X EI 1941-0476 J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1355 EP 1367 AR PII S1053-587X(02)04379-9 DI 10.1109/TSP.2002.1003060 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 554XE UT WOS:000175761800010 ER PT J AU Dawson, TH AF Dawson, TH TI Markov theory for groups of very high waves SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE high waves; wave group; statistics; Markov theory; simulation ID CREST STATISTICS; RANDOM SEAS AB Statistics of wave groups among very high waves are examined using Markov theory and data from wave records developed by computer simulations of a Jonswap 3.3 sea. Very high waves are considered to be those with threshold heights exceeding the significant wave height by 10% or more. Theory indicates decreased group formation among the very high waves as a result of decreased Markov correlation between waves. Data confirm the prediction and provide additional insight into the group phenomena. C1 USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SOC OFFSHORE POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1053-5381 J9 INT J OFFSHORE POLAR JI Int. J. Offshore Polar Eng. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 105 EP 108 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 564PP UT WOS:000176323000004 ER PT J AU Purkitt, HE Burgess, SF Liberman, P AF Purkitt, HE Burgess, SF Liberman, P TI South Africa's nuclear decisions SO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY LA English DT Letter ID BOMB C1 USN Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. CUNY Queens Coll, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. RP Purkitt, HE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. OI Liberman, Peter/0000-0002-9083-7933 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0162-2889 J9 INT SECURITY JI Int. Secur. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 27 IS 1 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1162/016228802320231271 PG 6 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 584WQ UT WOS:000177492100009 ER PT J AU Weir, GE AF Weir, GE TI Technological change and the United States Navy, 1865 1945. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Weir, GE (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Washington Navy Yard, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 89 IS 1 BP 278 EP 279 DI 10.2307/2700891 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 561TD UT WOS:000176158000117 ER PT J AU Weir, GE AF Weir, GE TI War machines: Transforming technologies in the US military, 1920-1940. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Weir, GE (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Washington Navy Yard, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 89 IS 1 BP 278 EP 279 DI 10.2307/2700891 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 561TD UT WOS:000176158000116 ER PT J AU Zuber, JD Jensen, KL Sullivan, TE AF Zuber, JD Jensen, KL Sullivan, TE TI An analytical solution for microtip field emission current and effective emission area SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EMITTER ARRAYS; SEMINUMERICAL MODELS; ELECTRON-EMISSION AB Classical field emission theory relates the material work function and applied electric field at the emitter surface to tunneling current density, based upon the one-dimensional, planar Fowler-Nordheim equation. The extension of this theory to nonplanar, tip-anode geometries is complicated by the spatial variation of the electric field and resultant current density along the microtip surface. To relate this spatially dependent electric field to the applied voltage in this tip-to-plane geometry, experimenters have adopted empirically determined field enhancement factors (i.e., F=betaV) and emission area terms to explain quantitative measurements of microtip current. In this work, the nature of the field enhancement and area terms are defined analytically by employing an exact three-dimensional electric field solution in prolate spheroidal coordinates and examining the relationship between total tip current and current density. The analytical and numerical results based on this model provide a physical context for understanding the validity of the generally used field enhancement factor beta. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. USN, ESTD, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zuber, JD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 23 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 11 BP 9379 EP 9384 DI 10.1063/1.1474596 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 553ZU UT WOS:000175708900067 ER PT J AU Teixeira, J Hogan, TF AF Teixeira, J Hogan, TF TI Boundary layer clouds in a global atmospheric model: Simple cloud cover parameterizations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; TRADE-WIND CUMULI; CLIMATE MODELS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; ECMWF REANALYSIS; FORECAST MODEL; WATER-CONTENT; SCHEME AB Subtropical boundary layer clouds have a fundamental role on the radiative budget of the atmosphere and on the modulation of the tropical circulations. The development of realistic parameterizations of these clouds in global atmospheric models is a major challenge. Unfortunately, this has been a difficult problem to solve in an acceptable way. In this paper, new and simple parameterization schemes for subtropical clouds are implemented in the U. S. Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System's (NOGAPS) forecast model. The parameterizations are partially based on large eddy simulation (LES) results and provide a substantial improvement when compared with observations and with the previous scheme. The global distribution of boundary layer clouds and of surface shortwave radiation is more realistic with this new scheme, particularly over the stratocumulus regions. The transition from stratocumulus to cumulus is well captured, the seasonal and diurnal cycles of stratocumulus are realistic, and the Arctic boundary layer temperature is improved with the new parameterizations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Teixeira, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM teixeira@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 65 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 15 IS 11 BP 1261 EP 1276 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1261:BLCIAG>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 547UC UT WOS:000175349600002 ER PT J AU Schroeder, KP Walton, RE Rivera, EM AF Schroeder, KP Walton, RE Rivera, EM TI Straight line access and coronal flaring: Effect on canal length SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID ROOT CANALS AB The object of this study was to determine if canal length is altered as a result of straight-line access (SLA) and coronal flaring (CF). Selected were 86 canals of extracted molars and premolars from two groups: straight or severely curved (Schneider curvature <5 degrees and >20 degrees). The reference cusp tip and root-end were flattened to produce reproducible measurements. A #10 file was placed such that the tip extended slightly beyond the apex, with the handle on the referenced cusp. The amount of file protrusion was measured with a stereomicroscope. Then, SLA and CF were performed and the corresponding file replaced to the same coronal reference position. Apical file protrusion was measured again. The change in canal length was determined by the difference in the pre-and post-SLA/CF measurements. A Wilcoxon signed rank test statistically verified that there was a measurable, significant (p < 0.001) change in canal length after SLA and CF. The mean change overall was slight, with a decrease of 0.17 mm. Severe curvature had a slightly greater, significant effect on the amount of change. Tooth type had no significant effect. Changes in working length from SLA and CF, although statistically significant, were very small and clinically unimportant. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Dent, Dept Endodont, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USN, Dent Ctr SW, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Walton, RE (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Dent, Dept Endodont, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 28 IS 6 BP 474 EP 476 DI 10.1097/00004770-200206000-00015 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 560DW UT WOS:000176068100015 PM 12067134 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Tomiak, RB Marinas, BJ AF Kim, JH Tomiak, RB Marinas, BJ TI Inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocysts in a pilot-scale ozone bubble-diffuser contactor. I: Model development SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE ozone; bubble; disinfection; dispersion; models ID PARVUM OOCYSTS; SEQUENTIAL INACTIVATION; DISINFECTION SYSTEMS; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; WATER; DECOMPOSITION; CHLORINE; KINETICS AB A mathematical model was developed to simulate the performance of a pilot-scale ozone bubble-diffuser column. The reactor hydrodynamics was represented with the axial dispersion reactor model. An analytical solution was developed for the liquid and gas phase ozone mass balances in which dissolved ozone decomposes by first-order kinetics, Numerical approximations were provided for the mass balances for viable microorganisms and the more general case of dissolved ozone decomposition through a second-order reaction with fast ozone demand in natural organic matter. Model components required to predict the liquid and gas phase ozone concentration and viable microorganism number density profiles throughout the bubble-diffuser column included input parameters (liquid and gas flow rates, influent gas and dissolved ozone concentrations, temperature. and countercurrent or cocurrent operation mode), empirical correlations (dispersion number. volumetric mass transfer coefficient. Henry's law constant), and batch or semibatch kinetic information (ozone decomposition rate constants and fast-ozone demand, and microorganism inactivation lag phase and rate constant). A sample model run for the case of first-order ozone decomposition revealed that the analytical and numerical solutions were practically identical. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USN, Naval Mobile Construct Battal FIVE, Washington, DC USA. RP Marinas, BJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Kim, Jae-Hong/G-7901-2012 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2002 VL 128 IS 6 BP 514 EP 521 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:6(514) PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554FE UT WOS:000175722700006 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Rennecker, JL Tomiak, RB Marinas, BJ Miltner, RJ Owens, JH AF Kim, JH Rennecker, JL Tomiak, RB Marinas, BJ Miltner, RJ Owens, JH TI Inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocysts in a pilot-scale ozone bubble-diffuser contactor. II: Model validation and application SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE ozone; bubbles; simulation; disinfection ID PARVUM OOCYSTS; INDIGO METHOD; CHLORINE; COLUMN; WATER AB The axial dispersion reactor (ADR) model developed in Part I of this study was successfully validated with experimental data obtained for the inactivation of C. parvum and C. muris oocysts with a pilot-scale ozone-bubble diffuser contactor operated with treated Ohio River water. Kinetic parameters, required to model the effect of temperature on the decomposition of ozone in treated Ohio River water and oocyst inactivation, were determined from batch and semibatch ozonation experiments, The ADR model was used to simulate the effects of operating conditions (feed-gas ozone concentration, liquid flow rate, and gas flow rate), and water quality related parameters (fast ozone demand, first and second order ozone decomposition rate constants, and temperature) on the performance of the pilot-scale contactor. The model simulation provided valuable insight into understanding the performance of ozone disinfection systems and recommendations for ozone contactor design and optimization. For example, the simulation revealed that meeting inactivation requirements for C. parvum oocysts would be more challenging at relatively lower temperatures. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USN, Naval Mobile Construct Battal FIVE, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Marinas, BJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Kim, Jae-Hong/G-7901-2012 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2002 VL 128 IS 6 BP 522 EP 532 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:6(522) PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554FE UT WOS:000175722700007 ER PT J AU Schultz, MP AF Schultz, MP TI The relationship between frictional resistance and roughness for surfaces smoothed by sanding SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYERS AB An experimental investigation has been carried out to document and relate the frictional resistance and roughness texture of painted surfaces smoothed by sanding. Hydrodynamic tests were carried out in a towing tank using a flat plate test fixture towed at a Reynolds number (Re-L) range of 2.8X10(6)-5.5X10(6) based on the plate length and freesteam velocity. Results indicate an increase in frictional resistance coefficient (C-F) of up to 7.3% for an unsanded, as-sprayed paint surface compared to a sanded, polished surface. Significant increases in C-F were also noted on surfaces sanded with sandpaper as fine as 600-grit as compared to the polished surface. The results show that, for the present surfaces, the centerline average height (R-a) is sufficient to explain a large majority of the variance in the roughness function (DeltaU(+)) in this Reynolds number range. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schultz, MP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2002 VL 124 IS 2 BP 492 EP 499 DI 10.1115/1.1459073 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 558UE UT WOS:000175984400023 ER PT J AU Goldston, R Abdou, M Baker, C Campbell, M Chan, V Dean, S Hubbard, A Iotti, R Jarboe, T Lindl, J Logan, BG McCarthy, K Najmabadi, F Craig, O Prager, S Sauthoff, N Sethian, J Sheffield, J Zinkle, S AF Goldston, R Abdou, M Baker, C Campbell, M Chan, V Dean, S Hubbard, A Iotti, R Jarboe, T Lindl, J Logan, BG McCarthy, K Najmabadi, F Craig, O Prager, S Sauthoff, N Sethian, J Sheffield, J Zinkle, S TI A plan for the development of fusion energy SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE fusion energy; fusion program plan AB This is the final report of a panel set up by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) in response to a charge letter dated September 10, 2002 from Dr. Ray Orbach, Director of the DOE's Office of Science. In that letter, Dr. Orbach asked FESAC to develop a plan with the end goal of the start of operation of a demonstration power plant in approximately 35 years. This report, submitted March 5, 2003, presents such a plan, leading to commercial application of fusion energy by mid-century. The plan is derived from the necessary features of a demonstration fusion power plant and from the time scale defined by President Bush. It identifies critical milestones, key decision points, needed major facilities and required budgets. The report also responds to a request from DOE to FESAC to describe what new or upgraded fusion facilities will "best serve our purposes" over a time frame of the next twenty years. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Goldston, R (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 2 BP 61 EP 111 DI 10.1023/A:1025038002187 PG 51 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 721XK UT WOS:000185343600001 ER PT J AU Shettle, EP Thomas, GE Olivero, JJ Evans, WFJ Debrestian, DJ Chardon, L AF Shettle, EP Thomas, GE Olivero, JJ Evans, WFJ Debrestian, DJ Chardon, L TI Three-satellite comparison of polar mesospheric clouds: Evidence for long-term change SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE mesospheric clouds; noctilucent clouds; remote sensing; climate change; PMC; NLC ID NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; EXPLORER MEASUREMENTS; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTICLE-SIZE; CLIMATOLOGY; LIDAR; INSTRUMENT; SUMMER; WINDII AB [1] Measurements of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) from three different satellite instruments are compared. These instruments are the Solar Mesospheric Explorer (SME), the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII), and the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM II). These measurements have been put on a common basis, correcting for differences in the wavelengths and measurement techniques used. This common basis is the probability distribution of the excess extinction ratio (EER) at a standard wavelength of 265 nm, where the EER is the ratio of the PMC extinction coefficient to the background molecular Rayleigh scattering coefficient. The results indicate that the POAM and WINDII measurements in the Southern Hemisphere had a higher probability of observing bright PMCs during the 1993- 1996 time period than SME did a decade earlier in 1983-1986. Local time variations identified in WINDII data are interpreted in terms of a diurnal and semidiurnal component of average EER. These results are qualitatively similar to those found from lidar soundings of noctilucent cloud at sites in Norway and at the South Pole. Differences in interannual variability, local time of the measurements, assumed particle size distributions, and solar cycle effects are ruled out as possible explanations of the differences. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. Trent Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Shettle, EP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7227,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 107 IS D12 AR 4134 DI 10.1029/2001JC000668 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 610TL UT WOS:000178976900026 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Ivanov, LM Fan, CW AF Chu, PC Ivanov, LM Fan, CW TI Backward Fokker-Planck equation for determining model valid prediction period SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE backward Fokker-Planck equation; instantaneous error; Lorenz system; predictability; tolerance level; valid prediction period ID GENERALIZED STABILITY THEORY; POTENTIAL USEFULNESS; LIOUVILLE EQUATION; FORECAST SKILL; PREDICTABILITY; OPERATORS AB [1] A new concept, valid prediction period (VPP), is presented here to evaluate ocean (or atmospheric) model predictability. VPP is defined as the time period when the prediction error first exceeds a predetermined criterion (i.e., the tolerance level). It depends not only on the instantaneous error growth but also on the noise level, the initial error, and the tolerance level. The model predictability skill is then represented by a single scalar, VPP. The longer the VPP, the higher the model predictability skill is. A theoretical framework on the basis of the backward Fokker-Planck equation is developed to determine the mean and variance of VPP. A one-dimensional stochastic dynamical system [Nicolis, 1992] is taken as an example to illustrate the benefits of using VPP for model evaluation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd,Room 328, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN PY 2002 VL 107 IS C6 AR 3058 DI 10.1029/2001JC000879 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 611AD UT WOS:000178993500006 ER PT J AU Font, J Rousseau, S Shirasago, B Garcia-Gorriz, E Haney, RL AF Font, J Rousseau, S Shirasago, B Garcia-Gorriz, E Haney, RL TI Mesoscale variability in the Alboran Sea: Synthetic aperture radar imaging of frontal eddies SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE ocean mesoscale; SAR; Alboran Sea; western Mediterranean Sea; surface layer circulation ID SYNOPTIC HYDROGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS; WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN SEA; ANTICYCLONIC GYRES; SAMPLING STRATEGY; OCEAN SURFACE; GULF-STREAM; CIRCULATION; SAR; SPIRALS; IMAGERY AB [1] In autumn 1992 the entire Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean) was sampled by the Spanish R/V Garcia del Cid. The incoming jet of Atlantic water, its associated meandering front, and the two big anticyclonic gyres were described from conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data. Smaller-scale eddies were also observed. Additionally, 36 ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) scenes were obtained from mid-September to mid-October. The SAR images capture these features when wind conditions are suitable. The current shear is mainly depicted as narrow lines of low backscatter because of the damping of waves by natural surface films. These lines delineate the northern border of both gyres and the beginning of the alongslope Algerian current at the eastern limit of the Alboran Sea. ADCP observations confirm that lines on SAR imagery follow the direction of the surface currents. The two gyres present high backscatter values in their center, while their frontal boundaries appear modulated by the variation of the marine atmospheric boundary layer stratification due to the surface thermal front. SAR has observed small spiral eddies that were not evidenced by the almost contemporaneous but too coarse CTD in situ sampling. Good spatial correspondence between radar-detected and in situ-measured structures occurs when comparing SAR images to the surface dynamic topography, rather than strictly surface water characteristics. C1 CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. IPN, CICIMAR, Interdisciplinary Ctr Marine Sci, La Paz, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. RP Font, J (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, Passeig Maritim 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. EM jfont@icm.csis.es RI Font, Jordi/E-5355-2013 OI Font, Jordi/0000-0003-2590-1457 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN PY 2002 VL 107 IS C6 AR 3059 DI 10.1029/2001JC000835 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 611AD UT WOS:000178993500005 ER PT J AU Cunningham, BM Cochi-Ficano, CK AF Cunningham, BM Cochi-Ficano, CK TI The determinants of donative revenue flows from alumni of higher education - An empirical inquiry SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCES LA English DT Article ID CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS; INCOME-TAX; MICRODATA EVIDENCE; ORGANIZATIONS; ECONOMICS; WAGES AB Institutions of higher education are increasingly relying upon alumni giving and endowment earnings as sources of funding. This paper utilizes a new database on average alumni donations at the institutional level and institutional characteristics to explore the role that lagged institutional characteristics and policy have on subsequent donations to the institution. Our results confirm the noncontemporaneous effects of variations in the average scholastic achievement of matriculated students (a proxy for both student quality and student socioeconomic status) on subsequent donative revenue flows and indirectly address some of the open questions left by previous theoretical inquiries. C1 Hartwick Coll, Dept Econ, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cunningham, BM (reprint author), Hartwick Coll, Dept Econ, Yager Hall, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 12 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 1930 MONROE ST, 3RD FL, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0022-166X J9 J HUM RESOUR JI J. Hum. Resour. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 37 IS 3 BP 540 EP 569 DI 10.2307/3069681 PG 30 WC Economics; Industrial Relations & Labor SC Business & Economics GA 566HY UT WOS:000176422500004 ER PT J AU Subekti, DS Tjaniadi, P Lesmana, M Simanjuntak, C Komalarini, S Digdowirogo, H Setiawan, B Corwin, AL Campbell, JR Porter, KR Oyofo, BA AF Subekti, DS Tjaniadi, P Lesmana, M Simanjuntak, C Komalarini, S Digdowirogo, H Setiawan, B Corwin, AL Campbell, JR Porter, KR Oyofo, BA TI Characterization of Norwalk-like virus associated with gastroenteritis in Indonesia SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs); diarrhea; RT-PCR; sequence ID ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DETECTION; GENOME SEQUENCE; SOUTH-AFRICA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OUTBREAKS; CALICIVIRIDAE; EXPRESSION; DIVERSITY AB Norwalk Virus and Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) are reportedly responsible for 2.5-4.0% of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis (NBAG) worldwide. To help clarify the impact of NLVs on NBAG in Indonesia, stool specimens from 102 patients, 74 with NBAG and 28 with BAG, were screened for the presence of NLVs, using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The specimens were subtyped using prototype-specific oligonucleotide probes and were sequenced and compared with published NLV sequences. Of the 102 specimens examined, 31 (30%) were found to be positive for NLVs. Type-specific probe analysis of the RT-PCR products indicated that 31 isolates hybridized to UK1 (Taunton agent) and UK3/4 (Hawaii agent/Snow Mountain agent) prototype strains. The results of this study indicate that prototype strains of NV or NLVs co-circulate in Indonesia and contribute to the overall level of acute gastroenteritis throughout the region. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Trisakti Univ, Fac Med, Jakarta, Indonesia. Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. Sumber Waras Hosp, Jakarta, Indonesia. Harapan Kita Hosp, Jakarta, Indonesia. Persahabatan Hosp, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Oyofo, BA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Amer Embassy Jakarta, Unit 8132,NAMRU TWO, FPO, AP 96520 USA. RI Porter, Kevin/A-8027-2011 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 67 IS 2 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1002/jmv.2215 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 548XV UT WOS:000175415900014 PM 11992587 ER PT J AU Daulton, TL Little, BJ Lowe, K Jones-Meehan, J AF Daulton, TL Little, BJ Lowe, K Jones-Meehan, J TI Electron energy loss spectroscopy techniques for the study of microbial chromium(VI) reduction SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Cr(VI); electron energy loss spectroscopy; environmental cell; microbial metal reduction; Shewanella oneidensis; transmission electron microscopy ID 3D TRANSITION-METALS; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; VALENCE STATES; OXIDES; CR(VI); SHEWANELLA; IRON; MICROORGANISMS AB Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) techniques were used to determine oxidation state, at high spatial resolution. of chromium associated with the metal-reducing bacteria, Shewanella oneidensis, in anaerobic cultures containing Cr(VI)O(4)(2-). These techniques were applied to fixed cells examined in thin section by conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as unfixed, hydrated bacteria examined by environmental cell (EC)-TEM. Two distinct populations of bacteria were observed by TEM: bacteria exhibiting low image contrast and bacteria exhibiting high contrast in their cell membrane (or boundary) structure which was often encrusted with high-contrast precipitates. Measurements by EELS demonstrated that cell boundaries became saturated with low concentrations of Cr and the precipitates encrusting bacterial cells contained a reduced form of Cr in oxidation state +3 or lower. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Little, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM tld@howdy.wustl.edu NR 52 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JUN PY 2002 VL 50 IS 1 BP 39 EP 54 AR PII S0167-7012(02)00013-1 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00013-1 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 547FG UT WOS:000175321900005 PM 11943357 ER PT J AU Teague, WJ Jacobs, GA Perkins, HT Book, JW Chang, KI Suk, MS AF Teague, WJ Jacobs, GA Perkins, HT Book, JW Chang, KI Suk, MS TI Low-frequency current observations in the Korea/Tsushima Strait SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID KOREA-TSUSHIMA STRAIT; WARM CURRENT; TIDE OBSERVATIONS; VOLUME TRANSPORT; YELLOW SEA; JAPAN SEA; SEPARATION; KUROSHIO; FLOW AB High resolution, continuous current measurements made in the Korea/Tsushima Strait between May 1999 and March 2000 are used to examine current variations having time periods longer than 2 days. Twelve bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers provide velocity profiles along two sections: one section at the strait entrance southwest of Tsushima Island and the second section at the strait exit northeast of Tsushima Island. Additional measurements are provided by single moorings located between Korea and Tsushima Island and just north of Cheju Island in Cheju Strait. The two sections contain markedly different mean flow regimes. A high velocity current core exists at the southwestern section along the western slope of the strait for the entire recording period. The flow directly downstream of Tsushima Island contains large variability, and the flow is disrupted to such an extent by the island that a countercurrent commonly exists in the lee of the island. The northeastern section is marked by strong spatial variability and a large seasonal signal but in the mean consists of two localized intense flows concentrated near the Korea and Japan coasts. Peak nontidal currents exceed 70 cm s(-1) while total currents exceed 120 cm s(-1). The estimated mean transport calculated from the southwest line is 2.7 Sv (Sv equivalent to 10(6) m(3) s(-1)). EOF analyses indicate total transport variations in summer are due mainly to transport variations near the Korea coast. In winter, contributions to total transport variations are more uniformly distributed across the strait. C1 USN, Res Lab, Meso & Finescale Ocean Phys Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Seoul, South Korea. RP Teague, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Meso & Finescale Ocean Phys Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Teague@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 33 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1621 EP 1641 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<1621:LFCOIT>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 555WN UT WOS:000175816400002 ER PT J AU Kunze, E Rosenfeld, LK Carter, GS Gregg, MC AF Kunze, E Rosenfeld, LK Carter, GS Gregg, MC TI Internal waves in Monterey Submarine Canyon SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT DISSIPATION; CONTINENTAL SLOPE; BAROCLINIC TIDES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BALTIMORE CANYON; UPWELLING CENTER; VERTICAL SHEAR; GRAVITY-WAVES; SHELF; TOPOGRAPHY AB Velocity, temperature, and salinity profile surveying in Monterey Submarine Canyon during spring tide reveals an internal wave field almost an order of magnitude more energetic than that in the open ocean. Semidiurnal fluctuations and their harmonics dominate, near-inertial motions are absent. The ratio of horizontal kinetic to available potential energy is less than one in much of the canyon, inconsistent with hydrostatic internal waves. The excess potential energy may be due to isopycnal displacements induced by barotropic tide flow over the sloping bottom. Removal of the expected barotropic contribution raises the energy ratio to 2.04-2.10, in line with the semidiurnal internal wave value of 2.13. Finescale shear and strain are also elevated. Finescale parameterizations for turbulent eddy diffusivities, which have proven successful in the open ocean, underestimate upper-canyon microstructure estimates of 100 x 10(-4) m(2) s(-1) by a factor of 30. Energy fluxes and near-bottom velocities are strongly steered by the sinuous canyon topography. A vertically integrated influx of 5 kW m(-1) at the mouth diminishes to +/-1 kW m(-1) toward the shallow end of the canyon. Both sinks and sources of internal wave energy are indicated by energy-flux convergences and divergences along the canyon axis. Along-axis energy-flux convergences are consistent with microstructure dissipation rates epsilon. The high diapycnal eddy diffusivities may drive strong nutrient fluxes to enhance bioproductivity. C1 Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Kunze, E (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NR 94 TC 172 Z9 175 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1890 EP 1913 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<1890:IWIMSC>2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 555WN UT WOS:000175816400017 ER PT J AU Purkitt, HE Burgess, S AF Purkitt, HE Burgess, S TI South Africa's chemical and biological warfare programme: a historical and international perspective SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN AFRICAN STUDIES LA English DT Article AB This article describes important historical roots and factors that influenced the evolution of South Africa's past covert chemical and biological warfare (CBW) programme, Project Coast. Some of the complex international linkages developed under the auspices of Project Coast are also discussed. The conclusion discusses some of the characteristics of the programme that help to explain these widely varying assessments. C1 USN Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF, Counterproliferat Ctr, DFS, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. USAF, Dept Int Secur Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. RP Purkitt, HE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0305-7070 J9 J S AFR STUD JI J. South. Afr. Stud. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 28 IS 2 BP 229 EP 253 DI 10.1080/03057070220140685 PG 25 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 573ZG UT WOS:000176863400001 ER PT J AU Lingevitch, JF Song, HC Kuperman, WA AF Lingevitch, JF Song, HC Kuperman, WA TI Time reversed reverberation focusing in a waveguide SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER; COHERENT COMPONENT; PHASE-CONJUGATION; OCEAN; STATISTICS; SCATTERING; INTERFACE; OPERATOR; MIRROR; RANGE AB Time reversal mirrors have been applied to focus energy at probe source locations and point scatterers in inhomogencous media. In this paper. we investigate the application of a time reversal mirror to rough interface reverberation processing in a waveguide. The method is based on the decomposition of the time reversal operator which is computed from the transfer matrix measured on a source-receiver array [Prada et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 2067-2076 (1996)]. In a similar manner, reverberation data collected on a source-receiver array can be filtered through an appropriate temporal window to form a time reversal operator. The most energetic eigenvector of the time reversal operator focuses along the interface at the range corresponding to the filter delay. It is also shown that improved signal-to-noise ratio measurement of the time reversal operator can be obtained by ensonifying the water column with a set of orthogonal array beams. Since these methods do not depend upon a priori environmental information, they are applicable to complex shallow water environments. Numerical simulations with a Pekeris waveguide demonstrate this method. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Lingevitch, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 40 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 111 IS 6 BP 2609 EP 2614 DI 10.1121/1.1479148 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 562KD UT WOS:000176195200011 PM 12083192 ER PT J AU Orr, MH Mignerey, PC AF Orr, MH Mignerey, PC TI Matched-field processing gain degradation caused by tidal flow over continental shelf bathymetry SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL SOLITARY WAVES; MASSACHUSETTS BAY; PROPAGATION; GENERATION; PACKETS; TIDES; BANK AB Temporally variable, range dependent sound-speed profiles measured during ebb flow and estimated for slack flow are used to quantify the variability of matched-field signal-processing gain degradation in shallow water propagation channels controlled by tidally driven stratified flow over variable bathymetry. Calculations along a 9.3 km range establish phase changes in the acoustic signal as the primary cause of a 3-9 dB degradation in the coherent matched-field processing output of a full water column vertical array. The work indicates that over a tidal cycle acoustic signal properties and matched-field processing gain can be expected to change continuously in a shallow water stratified channel that has bathymetry variability. Acoustic signals propagating in such tidal flow-controlled environments may be expected to display repeatable (over successive tidal cycles) and predictable changes in their phase coherent properties. These results suggest that matched-field processor replica fields used in the shelf/slope propagation environment will have to be updated regularly during a tidal cycle to maintain maximum processor gain. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div 7120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Orr, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div 7120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 111 IS 6 BP 2615 EP 2620 DI 10.1121/1.1472496 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 562KD UT WOS:000176195200012 PM 12083193 ER PT J AU Piquette, JC McLaughlin, EA Ren, W Mukherjee, BK AF Piquette, JC McLaughlin, EA Ren, W Mukherjee, BK TI Generalization of a model of hysteresis for dynamical systems SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODEL AB A previously described model of hysteresis [J. C. Piquette and S. E. Forsythe, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 3317-3327 (1999); 106, 3328-3334 (1999)] is generalized to apply to a dynamical system. The original model produces theoretical hysteresis loops that agree well with laboratory measurements acquired under quasi-static conditions. The loops are produced using three-dimensional rotation matrices. An iterative procedure. which allows the model to be applied to a dynamical system, is introduced here. It is shown that, unlike the quasi-static case, self-crossing of the loops is a realistic possibility when inertia and viscous friction are taken into account. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Royal Mil Coll Canada, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada. RP Piquette, JC (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM piquettejc@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 111 IS 6 BP 2671 EP 2674 DI 10.1121/1.1481061 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 562KD UT WOS:000176195200019 PM 12083200 ER PT J AU Campbell, GS Gisiner, RC Helweg, DA Milette, LL AF Campbell, GS Gisiner, RC Helweg, DA Milette, LL TI Acoustic identification of female Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN FUR SEALS; ARCTOCEPHALUS-AUSTRALIS; MOTHER; RECOGNITION AB Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) mothers and pups establish and maintain contact with individually distinctive vocalizations. Our objective was to develop a robust neural network to classify females based on their mother-pup contact calls. We catalogued 573 contact calls from 25 females in 1998 and 1323 calls from 46 females in 1999. From this database, a subset of 26 females with sufficient samples of calls was selected for further study. Each female was identified visually by marking patterns, which provided the verification for acoustic identification, Average logarithmic spectra were extracted for each call, and standardized training and generalization datasets created for the neural network classifier. A family of backpropagation networks was generated to assess relative contribution of spectral input bandwidth, frequency resolution, and network architectural variables to classification accuracy. The network with best overall generalization accuracy (71%) used an input representation of 0-3 kHz of bandwidth at 10.77 Hz/bin frequency resolution, and a 2:1 hidden:output layer neural ratio. The network was analyzed to reveal which portions of the call spectra were most influential for identification of each female. Acoustical identification of distinctive female acoustic signatures has several potentially important conservation applications for this endangered species, such as rapid survey of females present on a rookery. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 San Diego State Univ, Coll Sci, Cetacean Behav Lab, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Marine Mammal Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Campbell, GS (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Coll Sci, Cetacean Behav Lab, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 111 IS 6 BP 2920 EP 2928 DI 10.1121/1.1474443 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 562KD UT WOS:000176195200044 PM 12083225 ER PT J AU Roberts, DR Vanzie, E Bangs, MJ Grieco, JP Lenares, H Hshieh, P Rejmankova, E Manguin, S Andre, RG Polanco, J AF Roberts, DR Vanzie, E Bangs, MJ Grieco, JP Lenares, H Hshieh, P Rejmankova, E Manguin, S Andre, RG Polanco, J TI Role of residual spraying for malaria control in Belize SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; DDT; residual spraying; Belize; Central America; malaria control ID LARVAL HABITATS; DDT; PREDICTIONS; MADAGASCAR; HIGHLANDS; VILLAGES; MEXICO AB We studied the impact of reduced residual spraying in Belize by developing a logistic regression model on relationships between numbers of houses sprayed (mostly with DDT) and numbers of malaria cases. We defined the "minimum effective house spray rate" (MEHSR) as the level of spraying that will prevent increases in malaria rates for a defined population. Under the total coverage approach (all houses sprayed), the MEHSR for Belize was 134.6. The model also showed that the odds for decreasing malaria is 1.086 for each increase of 10 houses sprayed per 1000 population. In further testing, highly significant and differential changes in malaria rates were documented for paired groups of years with house spray rates that were either above or below the MEHSR. Numbers of malaria cases since 1995 are used to show how stratification methods are used in Belize to spray fewer houses (at levels below the MEHSR of 134.6). C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Minist Hlth, Belize City, Belize. USN, Med Res Unit 2, APO, AP 96520 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. RP Roberts, DR (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Manguin, Sylvie/G-1787-2015 OI Manguin, Sylvie/0000-0002-5925-7164 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 569XJ UT WOS:000176627700009 PM 12125874 ER PT J AU Zyzak, M Loyless, T Cope, S Wooster, M Day, JF AF Zyzak, M Loyless, T Cope, S Wooster, M Day, JF TI Seasonal abundance of Culex nigripalpus Theobald and Culex salinarius Coquillett in north Florida, USA SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex nigripalpus; Culex salinarius; St. Louis encephalitis virus; West Nile virus; arboviral transmission ID ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS; INDIAN-RIVER-COUNTY; SOUTH FLORIDA; VIRUS; CULICIDAE; PATTERNS; DIPTERA; TRANSMISSION; OVIPOSITION; EPIDEMIC AB North Florida is a transition zone between widespread Culex nigripalpus populations to the south and focal Culex salinarius populations to the north. Culex nigripalpus is a vector of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) and eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) viruses in south Florida, while Cx. salinarius is a suspected New World vector of West Nile (WN) virus. Abundant vector populations are often a prerequisite for epidemic and epizootic transmission of arboviruses. Extensive SLE transmission has never been reported from north Florida, but sporadic WN transmission was reported there during the summer of 2001. The disparate flavivirus transmission patterns observed in north and south Florida may be due, in part, to the local geographical and seasonal distribution of Culex vectors. Here we report that from May 1991 to April 1994, Cx. salinarius was most commonly observed during the winter and spring in northeast Florida (Duval County), whereas Cx. nigripalpus was most abundant during the summer and autumn. An unusually mild spring in 1991 allowed Cx. nigripalpus to reproduce early in the year, resulting in a summer population that emerged more than 8 wks earlier than in 1992 and 1993. The 1991 Cx. nigripalpus population persisted through October, when SLE transmission was detected by sentinel chickens. Transmission of SLE was not detected in Duval County during 1992 or 1993. These data indicate that mild winter and spring conditions in north Florida may favor increased abundance and survival of Cx. nigripalpus in a region where this species is normally not abundant. A seasonal shift in population structure may increase the transmission risk of arboviruses for which Cx. nigripalpus is a competent vector, including SLE, WN, and EEE. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Florida Med Entomol Lab, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. State Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Jacksonville, FL 32211 USA. USN, Dent Res Inst, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Day, JF (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Florida Med Entomol Lab, 200 9th St SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 1 BP 155 EP 162 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 569XJ UT WOS:000176627700019 PM 12125867 ER PT J AU Sastry, SML Mahapatra, R Davis, AW AF Sastry, SML Mahapatra, R Davis, AW TI Ductile Ll(2)Rh(3)Ti intermetallics for ultra-high temperature applications SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structural and Functional Intermetallics CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE mechanical properties; intermetallics; ductility; Rh-Ti alloys; Mar M200 AB The microstructures and deformation behavior at 25-1000 degreesC of Rh-xTi (x = 15, 20, and 25 at.%) alloys were studied. The alloys were prepared by non-consumable electrode arc melting, The arc-melted buttons were isothermally forged at 1100 degreesC, and the mechanical properties at 25-1000 degreesC were evaluated by microhardness measurements, compression testing, and 3-point bend testing. The deformed specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy for the determination of the extent and nature of slip and by transmission electron microscopy for the identification of dislocation activity. Unlike many other high temperature intermetallics, the Rh-Ti alloys do exhibit room temperature ductility. The high temperature strength and creep resistances are superior in Rh-Ti alloys to some of the other high temperature intermetallics. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Mech Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Mat Lab, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Sastry, SML (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Campus Box 118,1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 329 SI SI BP 486 EP 491 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01625-2 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01625-2 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 572FJ UT WOS:000176762600072 ER PT J AU Sastry, SML Mahapatra, RN AF Sastry, SML Mahapatra, RN TI Grain refinement of intermetallics by severe plastic deformation SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structural and Functional Intermetallics CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE plastic deformation; titanium aluminides; grain refinement; equal channel angular extrusion ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION AB Gamma titanium aluminides (gamma-TiAl) of compositions Ti-(42, 48, and 52).at% Al were deformed to strains > 100% by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) at temperatures < 1100 degreesC with the objective of producing sub-micrometer grains by either, produced 1-2 mum grains-an order of magnitude smaller than concurrent or post deformation recrystallization. ECAE processing in conventionally processed titanium aluminides. The grain refinement was the result of dynamic recrystallization during ECAE processing. ECAE processed titanium aluminides exhibited increased bend ductility. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Mech Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Mat Lab, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Sastry, SML (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Mech Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 329 SI SI BP 872 EP 877 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01644-6 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01644-6 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 572FJ UT WOS:000176762600129 ER PT J AU Buchanan, J Gilbert, R Wirgin, A Xu, Y AF Buchanan, J Gilbert, R Wirgin, A Xu, Y TI Depth sounding: An illustration of some of the pitfalls of inverse scattering problems SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE inverse scattering problem; unique solution; estimator; predictor; frequency domain; time domain; cost functional ID IDENTIFICATION AB The principal objective of this work is to show how various "connections" between the estimator and the predictor affect the solution of an inverse scattering problem as it is formulated in the frequency domain. We show that when there is little or no connection, it is impossible to obtain a solution. The other extreme, i.e., identity of the estimator and predictor (inverse crime [1]), enables solutions to be obtained, whatever the particular choices of the estimator or predictor, but these solutions are not trivial, as is written in [1], in that they are not unique. Moreover, we show that by a suitable change of external variables (e.g., frequency), one can lift the degeneracy and thereby spot the correct solution, which is unique. In this respect, the inverse crime turns out to be useful in that it enables one to devise methods for resolving the nonuniqueness issue of inverse problems. More generally, we show that successful inversion, in both the frequency and time domains, can be accomplished only when the discrepancy between the estimator and the predictor is small. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Math Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. CNRS, UPR 7051, Lab Mecan & Acoust, F-13402 Marseille, France. Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. RP Buchanan, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 35 IS 11-12 BP 1315 EP 1354 AR PII S0895-7177(02)00087-0 DI 10.1016/S0895-7177(02)00087-0 PG 40 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 570GM UT WOS:000176650600010 ER PT J AU Haig, CCA AF Haig, CCA TI Ordeal by sea: The tragedy of the USS Indianapolis SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Judge Advocate Gen Corp, Washington, DC USA. RP Haig, CCA (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 172 BP 210 EP 217 PG 8 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 582CQ UT WOS:000177332500006 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Chesbrough, KB Ryan, MAK Amoroso, P Boyko, EJ Gackstetter, GD Hooper, TI Riddle, JR AF Gray, GC Chesbrough, KB Ryan, MAK Amoroso, P Boyko, EJ Gackstetter, GD Hooper, TI Riddle, JR CA Millennium Cohort Study Grp TI The millennium cohort study: A 21-year prospective cohort study, of 140,000 military personnel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Illnesses Among Gulf War Veterans CY JAN 24-26, 2001 CL ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA ID VETERANS; CARE AB Does military service, in particular operational deployment, result in a higher risk of chronic illness among military personnel and veterans? The Millennium Cohort Study, the largest Department of Defense prospective cohort study ever conducted, will attempt to answer this question. The probability-based sample of 140,000 military personnel will be surveyed every 3 years during a 21-year period. The first questionnaire, scheduled for release in summer 2001, will be sent to 30,000 veterans who have been deployed to southwest Asia, Bosnia, or Kosovo since August 1997 and 70,000 veterans who have not been deployed to these conflict areas. Twenty thousand new participants will be added to the group in each of the years 2004 and 2007 to complete the study population of 140,000. The participants will have the option of completing the study questionnaire either on the paper copy received in the mail or through the World Wide Web-based version, which is available at www.MillenniumCohort.org. This will be one of the first prospective studies ever to offer such an option. The initial survey instrument will collect data regarding demographic characteristics, self-reported medical conditions and symptoms, and health-related behaviors. Validated instruments will be incorporated to capture self-assessed physical and mental functional status (Short Form for Veterans), psychosocial assessment (Patient Health Questionnaire), and post-traumatic stress disorder (Patient Checklist-17). Information obtained from the survey responses will be linked with other military databases, including data on deployment, occupation, vaccinations, health care utilization, and disability. In addition to revealing changes in veterans' health status over time, the Millennium Cohort Study will serve as a data repository, providing a solid foundation upon which additional epidemiological studies may be constructed. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Total Army Injury & Hlth Outcomes Database Projec, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA 98108 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. US Dept Def, Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP Chesbrough, KB (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. OI Potter, John/0000-0001-5439-1500 NR 20 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 6 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DV UT WOS:000181420700010 PM 12099084 ER PT J AU Thomas, RJ MacDonald, MR Lenart, M Calvert, WB Morrow, R AF Thomas, RJ MacDonald, MR Lenart, M Calvert, WB Morrow, R TI Moving toward the eradication of syphilis SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Navy Occupational Health and Preventive Medicine Workshop CY MAY 17, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA AB This study analyzed syphilis incidence among active duty U.S. Sailors and Marines and explored opportunities and strategies for the Department of the Navy to contribute to the achievement of the National Syphilis Elimination Plan. From 1987 through 1999, there were 1,886 cases of syphilis among active duty members reported to the Navy Environmental Health Center. Most were male (90%), younger than 30 years (81%), and black (64%). Most were diagnosed within the continental United States (79%). Incidence rates of primary and secondary syphilis per 100,000 among the active duty force declined steadily, from 37 in 1990 to 3 in 1999. Strategies suggested to further reduce syphilis among active duty members include the following: (1) Navy Medicine adoption and tracking of the national target of <0.4 cases per 100,000 by 2005; (2) expand training of medical professionals in client-centered prevention counseling; (3) include affected populations in the design of interventions; (4) conduct outcome evaluations of educational interventions; (5) examine condom access policies; and (6) evaluate the current syphilis surveillance system. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Sexual Hlth & Responsibil Program, Portsmouth, VA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Thomas, RJ (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 6 BP 489 EP 495 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DV UT WOS:000181420700011 PM 12099085 ER PT J AU Shafer, MA Boyer, CB Shaffer, RA Schachter, J Ito, SI Brodine, SK AF Shafer, MA Boyer, CB Shaffer, RA Schachter, J Ito, SI Brodine, SK TI Correlates of sexually transmitted diseases in a young male deployed military population SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; URINE; MEN; PERSONNEL; ARMY; GONORRHEA AB Objective: To examine risk factors of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in a non-clinic-based sample of young male military personnel. Methods: A total of 1,028 enlisted U.S. Marines completed a self-report survey querying sexual behaviors in the previous 3 months and provided urine specimens for STD screening by nucleic acid amplification testing for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Risk for STDS was assessed using a composite Sexual Risk Index. Recent STD infection was defined as a positive result on urine-based screening for chlamydial and/or gonococcal infection and/or a history of STDs in the past 3 months. Results: Recent STDs were identified in 76 men (7.4%): 42 (4.1%) were diagnosed with a chlamydial infection with no gonorrhea found, and 34 (3.3%) reported a history of STDs. Men with the highest score on the Sexual Risk Index were 2.6 times more likely to have a current STD compared with those at lowest risk (odds ratio = 2.6, confidence interval = 1.01, 6.2). Conclusions: Use of a composite measure of risk can identify the most significant factors associated with recent STDs in young military men. Such an index may be useful to target STD screening for those at greatest risk for STDs. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, Div Adolescent Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Shafer, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, Div Adolescent Med, 3333 Calif St,Suite 245, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU PHS HHS [MCH000978, A131499-01, U01-A131499-0353] NR 26 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 6 BP 496 EP 500 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DV UT WOS:000181420700012 PM 12099086 ER PT J AU Eastham, JH Edwards, KA Godwin, RE AF Eastham, JH Edwards, KA Godwin, RE TI Factors influencing human immunodeficiency virus postexposure prophylaxis requests after low-risk occupational exposure SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Society-of-Health-System-Pharmacists Midyear Clinical Meeting CY DEC 04-07, 2000 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA SP Amer Soc Hlth Syst Pharmacists ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; HIV AB Objectives: To determine the factors influencing human immunodeficiency virus postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) requests after "low-risk" occupational exposure. Methods: We analyzed data from low-risk occupational exposures reported between January 1999 and May 2000. Results: A total of 318 low-risk occupational exposures were reported. No worker demographic variable, exposure method, or exposure type was associated with increased PEP requests. Exposed workers were more likely to request PEP if the source patient was unknown or 18 to 49 years old. No other source patient demographic variable was associated with increased PEP requests. Conclusions: We found that workers who experienced a low-risk occupational exposure were more likely to request PEP when the source patient was unknown or 18 to 49 years of age. No other factors were associated with increased PEP requests. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Western Univ Hlth Sci, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, Pomona, CA 91766 USA. RP Eastham, JH (reprint author), Project Compass, 11315 Rancho Bernardo Rd,Suite 146, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 6 BP 506 EP 509 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DV UT WOS:000181420700014 PM 12099088 ER PT J AU Melcer, T Crann, B Hunsaker, D Deniston, W Caola, L AF Melcer, T Crann, B Hunsaker, D Deniston, W Caola, L TI A retrospective evaluation of the development of a telemedicine network in a military setting SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This was a retrospective evaluation of the first 30 months of a new telemedicine network in TRICARE Region Nine. In 1997, the region initiated a telemedicine network with a hub facility at Naval Medical Center, San Diego, providing specialty consultations for remote military treatment facilities in southern California. The region's Internet site, the Referral Management System, was used to schedule and record telemedicine activity, totaling 1,364 cases during the first 30 months of network operation. The rate of telemedicine use increased with the "age" (duration of operation) of both the entire network and of systems at each of five military treatment facilities. The ear/nose/throat specialty accounted for more than 90% of telemedicine activity. Preliminary data indicated that consultations had substantial clinical impact, with 49% of sessions resulting in changed diagnoses. Evaluating telemedicine use in a military setting ashore may guide similar applications for ships at sea. C1 MTS Technol Inc, Arlington, VA 22206 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Melcer, T (reprint author), MTS Technol Inc, Shirlington Gateway,2800 Shirlington Rd,Suite 100, Arlington, VA 22206 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 6 BP 510 EP 515 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DV UT WOS:000181420700015 PM 12099089 ER PT J AU Wettach, GE Falvey, SG AF Wettach, GE Falvey, SG TI A mysterious blood pressure increase in a drilling naval reservist SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MA-HUANG; EPHEDRA-SINICA; PHARMACOKINETICS AB This is a case report of a reservist who presented for a physical examination with hypertension. It was discovered that the reservist was unknowingly taking large doses of Ephedra sinica, or ma huang, a Chinese herbal supplement, for body-building. One of the ingredients in ma huang is ephedrine, an active alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulant that produces increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output. Ma huang has been reported to cause hypertension, hepatitis, nephrolithiasis, and sudden death in healthy, normotensive people. Ma huang will produce a positive urinary drug screen for stimulants and can be a drug of abuse. A recommendation is made to screen for dangerous supplement use before physical readiness training and to stop the supplement for 1 month before beginning any exercise program. C1 USN, Marine Corps Reserve Ctr, Dept Med, San Jose, CA 95112 USA. RP Wettach, GE (reprint author), USN, Marine Corps Reserve Ctr, Dept Med, 995 E Mission St, San Jose, CA 95112 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 6 BP 521 EP 523 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DV UT WOS:000181420700018 PM 12099092 ER PT J AU Sasson-Henry, P AF Sasson-Henry, P TI Asi es SO MODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sasson-Henry, P (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0026-7902 J9 MOD LANG J JI Mod. Lang. J. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 86 IS 2 BP 297 EP 298 PG 2 WC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics SC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics GA 576HD UT WOS:000176997000042 ER PT J AU Sasson-Henry, P AF Sasson-Henry, P TI Student activities manual. SO MODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sasson-Henry, P (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0026-7902 J9 MOD LANG J JI Mod. Lang. J. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 86 IS 2 BP 297 EP 298 PG 2 WC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics SC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics GA 576HD UT WOS:000176997000043 ER PT J AU Nanos, AG AF Nanos, AG TI Is our navy transfomational? SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Nanos, AG (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 114 IS 3 BP 69 EP 73 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627YT UT WOS:000179965000004 ER PT J AU Coakley, KJ Chen-Mayer, HH Lamaze, GP Simons, DS Thompson, PE AF Coakley, KJ Chen-Mayer, HH Lamaze, GP Simons, DS Thompson, PE TI Calibration of a stopping power model for silicon based on analysis of neutron depth profiling and secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE calibration; neutron depth profiling; secondary ion mass spectrometry; silicon; SRIM; stopping power ID SPECTRA; SI AB We measure the boron concentration versus depth profile within a silicon sample with four delta-doped planes by secondary ion mass spectrometry. In a neutron depth profiling (NDP) experiment, we illuminate the sample with a neutron beam. Nuclear reactions between the boron nuclei and neutrons produce alpha particles. Based on the measured boron concentration profile and models for the stopping power of the silicon sample, energy straggling, multiple scattering, and the observed energy resolution of the alpha particle detector, we predict the observed energy spectrum of the detected alpha particles. We predict the stopping power of silicon using the stopping and range of ions in matter code SRIM-2000. The predicted locations of the NDP energy peaks are consistently at lower energies than the locations of the observed peaks. This discrepancy is consistent with the claim that SRIM-2000 overestimates the actual stopping power of silicon. Empirically, we estimate a stopping power reduction factor to be 5.06% +/- 1.06%. When we reduce the SRIM-2000 prediction by this factor, we get good agreement between the observed and predicted NDP measurements. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coakley, KJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, 325 Broadway,MS 898-02, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2002 VL 192 IS 4 BP 349 EP 359 AR PII S0168-583X(02)00481-0 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)00481-0 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 568AW UT WOS:000176521100001 ER PT J AU Petruncio, ET Paduan, JD Rosenfeld, LK AF Petruncio, Emil T. Paduan, Jeffrey D. Rosenfeld, Leslie K. TI Numerical simulations of the internal tide in a submarine canyon SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article AB Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the generation and propagation of the semidiurnal internal tide in a submarine canyon with dimensions similar to those of the Monterey Canyon are carried out using a primitive equation model. Forcing with just sea level at the offshore boundary in an initially horizontally homogeneous ocean with realistic vertical strati. cation, internal tides are generated at the canyon foot and rim, and along portions of the canyon floor. The results compare favorably with observations, both indicating enhancement of energy along the canyon floor propagating at an angle consistent with linear internal wave theory. Due to the earth's rotation, internal tide energy is distributed asymmetrically in the cross-canyon direction, favoring the southern side. The effect of canyon floor slope is explored, with the finding that small changes in the slope result in large changes in the amount and distribution of the internal tide energy. Canyons whose floors are subcritical with respect to the semidiurnal frequency along their entire length have very little baroclinic energy, whereas canyons that are near-critical along much of their length, such as the Monterey Canyon, develop strong internal tides that propagate shoreward. Canyons that are near-critical at their mouths but supercritical further inshore generate the most internal tidal energy overall, although little of it makes it onto the continental shelf shoreward of the canyon head. The effects of internal tides within the canyons can be seen outside the canyons as well. Water is transported from depth onto the adjacent continental shelf along the canyon rims. This tidal pumping can be responsible for alongshore internal tide propagation and tidal-period surface currents with relatively small horizontal scales of variability. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 [Petruncio, Emil T.; Paduan, Jeffrey D.; Rosenfeld, Leslie K.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OC Pd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Paduan, JD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OC Pd, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM paduan@nps.navy.mil NR 57 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 4 IS 3-4 BP 221 EP 248 AR PII S1463-5003(02)00002-1 DI 10.1016/S1463-5003(02)00002-1 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA V05FL UT WOS:000207111800001 ER PT J AU Sun, Y Winston, R O'Gallagher, JJ Snail, KA AF Sun, Y Winston, R O'Gallagher, JJ Snail, KA TI Statistical optics and radiance measurement in the diffraction limit SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID WIGNER DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; GENERALIZED RADIANCE; RADIOMETRY AB This paper attempts to bridge the gap between measurements of radiance and their interpretation in terms of an accessible formalism in regimes where diffraction effects cannot be neglected. Using highly sophisticated infrared cameras, experiments were performed on blackbody sources whose dimensions and distances from a radiometer were specifically chosen for the appearance of partial coherence. The results are in good agreement with theoretical expressions. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Winston, R (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 206 IS 4-6 BP 243 EP 251 AR PII S0030-4018(02)01449-9 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01449-9 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 564HH UT WOS:000176308600004 ER PT J AU Carroll, ST Riffenburgh, RH Roberts, TA Myhre, EB AF Carroll, ST Riffenburgh, RH Roberts, TA Myhre, EB TI Tattoos and body piercings as indicators of adolescent risk-taking behaviors SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE adolescent; tattoo; body piercing; body modification; Youth Risk Behavior Survey; risk-taking behavior; gateway drugs; sexual intercourse; violent behavior; suicide ID STUDENTS AB Purpose. This study assessed tattoos and body piercings as markers of risk-taking behaviors in adolescents. Methods. A 58-question survey, based on the 1997 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavior Survey, was offered to all adolescent beneficiaries that came to the Adolescent Clinic. The survey contained standard Youth Risk Behavior Survey questions that inquire about eating behavior, violence, drug abuse, sexual behavior, and suicide. Questions about tattoos and body piercings were added for the purposes of this study. Results. Participants with tattoos and/or body piercings were more likely to have engaged in risk-taking behaviors and at greater degrees of involvement than those without either. These included disordered eating behavior, gateway drug use, hard drug use, sexual activity, and suicide. Violence was associated with males having tattoos and with females having body piercings. Gateway drug use was associated with younger age of both tattooing and body piercing. Hard drug use was associated with number of body piercings. Suicide was associated with females having tattoos and younger age of both tattooing and body piercing. Tattoos and body piercings were found to be more common in females than males. Conclusions. Tattoos and/or body piercings can alert practitioners to the possibility of other risk-taking behaviors in adolescents, leading to preventive measures, including counseling. Tattoo and body piercing discovery should be an important part of a health maintenance visit to best direct adolescent medical care. C1 USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Adolescent Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Carroll, ST (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Adolescent Med, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 18 TC 114 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 6 BP 1021 EP 1027 DI 10.1542/peds.109.6.1021 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 557KE UT WOS:000175907100019 PM 12042538 ER PT J AU Griffith, JD Hart, CL AF Griffith, JD Hart, CL TI A summary of US skydiving fatalities: 1993-1999 SO PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS LA English DT Article ID INJURIES AB Between 1993 and 1999, 241 people died while participating in civilian recreational skydives in the United States. A taxonomy of skydiving fatalities was developed and used to categorize the fatalities. C1 W Texas A&M Univ, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Hart, CL (reprint author), 43831 Avon Way, Leonardtown, MD 20650 USA. NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS PI MISSOULA PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA SN 0031-5125 J9 PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL JI Percept. Mot. Skills PD JUN PY 2002 VL 94 IS 3 BP 1089 EP 1090 DI 10.2466/PMS.94.4.1089-1090 PN 2 PG 2 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 583MJ UT WOS:000177411400005 PM 12186229 ER PT J AU Steeds, JW Mora, AE Butler, JE Bussmann, KM AF Steeds, JW Mora, AE Butler, JE Bussmann, KM TI Transmission electron microscopy investigation of boron-doped polycrystalline chemically vapour-deposited diamond SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID TILT GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; CVD DIAMOND; DEFECTS AB Thick samples of boron-doped chemically vapour-deposited diamond have been studied in plan view, by taper section and in cross-section by transmission electron microscopy. Dislocations, nanotwins and grain boundaries have been investigated by diffraction contrast techniques and reasons have been found for their introduction during the growth process. The observations have been correlated with others at lower magnification by scanning electron microscopy and as a result the nature and importance of grain clusters have become apparent. In addition it has been found that [110] growth favours the introduction of geometrically determined stresses and related defects while in [112] growth these effects are greatly reduced. However, [110] growth produces equiaxed grain clusters but [112] growth generates elongated grain clusters. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. EM j.w.steeds@bristol.ac.uk RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 9 BP 1741 EP 1768 DI 10.1080/01418610210131029 PG 28 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 555HV UT WOS:000175789400006 ER PT J AU Marangolo, M Bellin, C Loupias, G Rabii, S Erwin, SC Buslaps, T Issolah, A AF Marangolo, M Bellin, C Loupias, G Rabii, S Erwin, SC Buslaps, T Issolah, A TI Evidence of a weak electronic density distortion in polymerized A(1)C(60) (A = K and Rb) compared to pristine C-60 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Patras-University Euroconference on Properties of Condensed Matter Probed with X-Ray Scattering-Electron Correlations and Magnetism CY SEP 21-25, 2001 CL PATRAS UNIV, PATRAS, GREECE SP Patras Univ HO PATRAS UNIV DE fullerenes; Compton; intercalation; polymerization ID LITHIUM-INTERCALATED GRAPHITE; MOMENTUM DENSITY; COMPTON-SCATTERING; RBC60; CRYSTALS; PROFILES; RB1C60 AB Compton profile measurements on K1C60 and Rb1C60 and C-60 powders have been carried out using inelastically scattered photons. We compare experimental Compton Profile Difference (CPD) of K1C60 and that of C-60 with the corresponding calculated results, obtained from ab initio self-consistent field calculations of the energy band structure. This permits us to isolate the contribution of the distortion of the C-60 orbitals for each compound and to compare them. In previous paper, we have shown that for A(n)C(60) compounds this approach leads to a good agreement between theory and experiment. In this paper, we show that it is not the case for K1C60. The distortion contribution is overestimated by calculations leading to a CPD narrower than the experimental one. Furthermore similar measurements performed on heavy ions intercalated compounds (Rb1C60) show clearly that CPD depends on the number of ions and not on their nature. We think that our results corroborate the conclusions of a very small distortion of C-60 molecules in the polymerized phase obtained by neutron diffraction experiments by Fox et al. (Chem. Phys. Lett. 249 (1996) 195). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Paris 06, URA CNRS 7590, Lab Mineral Cristallog Paris, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris 07, URA CNRS 7590, Lab Mineral Cristallog Paris, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Dept Elect Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NRL, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ESRF, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Univ Tizi Ouzou, Phys Quant Lab, Tizi Ouzou 1500, Algeria. RP Marangolo, M (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, URA CNRS 7590, Lab Mineral Cristallog Paris, Case 115,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUN PY 2002 VL 318 IS 4 BP 365 EP 371 AR PII S0921-4526(02)00806-2 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)00806-2 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 573XZ UT WOS:000176859000022 ER PT J AU Agassi, D AF Agassi, D TI Intrinsic 1/f noise in a superconductor strip SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE 1/f noise; superconductor strip; flux noise; low-frequency ID MAGNETIC-FLUX NOISE; QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICES; GEOMETRICAL BARRIERS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; FIELD; MAGNETOMETER; BOUNDARIES; JUNCTIONS; ORIGIN; SQUIDS AB A widely used configuration in superconductivity-based electronics is a thin superconductor strip in the presence of a normally incident magnetic field. For a weak magnetic field, close to the vortex-penetration threshold field, the vortex-penetration potential consists of a moderate ridge near the mid-strip line and two minima along the strip edges. The low-frequency electric-field noise generated by thermally activated vortex hops between these two minima is derived for the case where the minima extensions substantially exceed that of the vortex core. The ensuing noise shape spectrum is approximately '1/.f' for a 'wide' strip, and a plateau followed by a drop at higher frequencies for a 'narrow' strip. Corresponding flux noise is estimated in two instances. Since this noise is a consequence of the strip geometry and not depending on material defects, it is predicted to be omnipresent and its magnitude constitutes a lower noise-level limit. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dept Navy, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Agassi, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dept Navy, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM agassiyd@nswccd.navy.mil NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 371 IS 1 BP 34 EP 44 AR PII S0921-4534(01)01199-6 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(01)01199-6 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 557CD UT WOS:000175889000006 ER PT J AU Brown, A Meath, WJ Tran, P AF Brown, A Meath, WJ Tran, P TI Two-color pulsed-laser phase control in dipolar molecules: Rotating-wave approximation versus exact results SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID INDUCED TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; PERMANENT DIPOLES; MULTIPHOTON TRANSITIONS; SINUSOIDAL FIELD; 2-LEVEL SYSTEM; ONE-PHOTON; 2-COLOR; MOMENTS; EXCITATIONS; RESONANCES AB A rotating-wave approximation (RWA) is developed to describe the interaction of a two-level system, which has permanent dipole moments, with two pulsed lasers. The RWA expressions for the time-dependent populations of the molecular states are applied to model laser-molecule interactions and tested by comparison with exact results. The results are used to discuss the pulsed-laser phase control of molecular excitation through the interplay of competing one- and two-photon resonances involving the effects of a nonzero difference d between the permanent dipoles of the two states involved in the transition; the competition vanishes if d=0. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Brown, A (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Box 870324, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. OI Brown, Alex/0000-0002-5384-9222 NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 063401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.063401 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 572FT UT WOS:000176763600074 ER PT J AU Lockhart, R AF Lockhart, R TI Low-rank separable states are a set of measure zero within the set of low-rank states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CRITERION AB It is well known that the set of separable pure states is measure zero in the set of pure states. We extend this fact and show that the set of rank-r separable states is measure 0 in the set of rank-r states provided r is less than Pi(i=1)(p)n(i)+p-Sigman(i). C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM rbl@usna.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.064304 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 572FT UT WOS:000176763600129 ER PT J AU Ahn, JS Choi, ES Kang, W Singh, DJ Han, M Choi, EJ AF Ahn, JS Choi, ES Kang, W Singh, DJ Han, M Choi, EJ TI Thermoelectric power of MgB(2-x)Bex SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BOMBARDED NBN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTING MGB2; THERMOPOWER; PRESSURE; BORON AB We investigated thermoelectric power S(T) of MgB2-xBex (x=0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.6). S(T) decreases systematically with x, suggesting that the hole density increases. Our band calculation shows that the increase occurs in the sigma band. With the hole doping, T-c decreases. Implication of this phenomenon is discussed within the BCS framework. While the Mott formula explains only the linear part of S(T) at low temperature, incorporation of electron-phonon interaction enables us to explain S(T) over wide temperature range including the anomalous behavior at high temperature. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Strongly Correlated Mat Res, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 120750, South Korea. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 130743, South Korea. RP Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Strongly Correlated Mat Res, Seoul 151742, South Korea. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 21 AR 214534 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.214534 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572GM UT WOS:000176765700123 ER PT J AU Jackson, K Srinivas, S Kortus, J Pederson, M AF Jackson, K Srinivas, S Kortus, J Pederson, M TI Modeling the Sn-119 Mossbauer spectra of chalcogenide glasses using density-functional theory calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BROKEN CHEMICAL ORDER; SMALL MOLECULES; ORIGIN; GESE2; SN; ELECTRON; MODES; GE AB We have used first-principles calculations based on density-functional theory to investigate the Sn-119 Mossbauer spectrum of a-Ge0.99xSn0.01xSe1-x and a-Ge0.99xSn0.01xS1-x. Using calculated electric field gradients and contact charge densities, we compute Mossbauer isomer shifts and quadrupole splittings for a number of cluster models incorporating proposed environments for Sn atoms in the glasses. The calculated parameters are in excellent agreement with experimental values for tetrahedrally coordinated Sn atoms and for ionic, threefold-coordinated Sn atoms. Parameters computed for Sn atoms in ethanelike environments, however, do not match experimental values attributed to these sites. We also compute site energies to determine the most energetically favorable sites for Sn atoms in these systems. For the Ge-S system, we find the threefold environments to be favored, while for Ge-Se, the threefold and tetrahedral environments are essentially degenerate. C1 Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jackson, K (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. OI Jackson, Koblar/0000-0002-5342-7978 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 21 AR 214201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.214201 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572GM UT WOS:000176765700049 ER PT J AU Mishin, Y Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Mishin, Y Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Embedded-atom potential for B2-NiAl SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; CENTRAL FORCE POTENTIALS; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; MANY-BODY POTENTIALS; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; POINT-DEFECTS; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES AB An embedded-atom potential has been constructed for the intermetallic compound B2-NiAl by fitting to both experimental properties and ab initio data. The ab initio data have been generated in the form of energy-volume relations for a number of alternative structures of NiAl and Ni3Al, as well as for Ni and Al. The potential accurately reproduces the basic lattice properties of B2-NiAl, planar faults, and point-defect characteristics. It also reproduces the energetics and stability of all other structures included in the fit. The potential is applied to calculate equilibrium point-defect concentrations in B2-NiAl as functions of temperature and composition near the stoichiometry. In contrast to previous calculations, the defect formation entropies arising from atomic vibrations are included in our calculation within the quasiharmonic approximation. Such entropies tend to increase the concentrations of thermal point defects in B2-NiAl at high temperatures, but the atomic disorder mechanism remains triple-defect type up to the melting point. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 95 TC 163 Z9 167 U1 2 U2 53 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 22 AR 224114 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.224114 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572HA UT WOS:000176767100041 ER PT J AU Rivera, A Leon, C Sanz, J Santamaria, J Moynihan, CT Ngai, KL AF Rivera, A Leon, C Sanz, J Santamaria, J Moynihan, CT Ngai, KL TI Crossover from ionic hopping to nearly constant loss in the fast ionic conductor Li0.18La0.61TiO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NON-ARRHENIUS CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRICAL RELAXATION; DISORDERED SOLIDS; AC CONDUCTIVITY; GLASSES; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; SPECTRA; MELTS; UNIVERSALITY AB Electrical conductivity measurements of the fast ionic conductor Li0.18La0.61TiO3 have been conducted at temperatures ranging from 8 to 300 K and frequencies between 20 Hz and 5 MHz. A detailed analysis of the ac conductivity shows the existence of a crossover between two different regimes. At high temperatures and/or low frequencies correlated ion hopping is responsible for a power-law frequency dependent and thermally activated ac conductivity. On the other hand, at sufficiently low temperatures and/or high frequencies, the ions do not have enough thermal energy or time to hop between neighboring sites, and remain caged. The ac conductivity is then characterized by a linear frequency dependence (i.e., the equivalent of a nearly constant loss) and by a weak exponential temperature dependence of the form exp(T/T-0). A crossover between the two regimes is found, which is thermally activated with an activation energy E=0.17 eV, significantly lower than that observed for the dc conductivity, E-sigma=0.4 eV. From this result, it is shown that the so-called "augmented Jonscher expression" fails to describe the ac conductivity in the whole frequency and temperature ranges. All these findings suggest that the nearly constant loss originates from electrical loss occurring during the time regime while the ion is still confined in the potential-energy minimum. Further, it is proposed that the loss mechanism involves some type of process where the potential-energy minimum relaxes in time on a time scale much shorter than the ionic hopping time scale. At longer times, as soon as the ion has significant probability of being thermally activated out of the potential well, the nearly constant loss terminates and correlated ion hopping becomes the only contribution to the ac conductivity. C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Fis, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, Madrid 28040, Spain. CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rivera, A (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Fis, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, Madrid 28040, Spain. RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686 NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 22 AR 224302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.224302 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572HA UT WOS:000176767100056 ER PT J AU Spangler, RS Scime, EE Ganguli, GI AF Spangler, RS Scime, EE Ganguli, GI TI Parallel inhomogeneous flows in a thermally anisotropic plasma: The electrostatic ion-acoustic branch SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-BETA PLASMAS; ENERGIZATION MECHANISMS; CYCLOTRON INSTABILITY; AURORAL REGION; WAVES; EXCITATION; IONOSPHERE; TEMPERATURES; OSCILLATIONS; ACCELERATION AB The linearized dispersion relation describing waves in a plasma having a uniform magnetic field, uniform density, and inhomogeneous parallel (to the magnetic field) flow is generalized to include thermal anisotropy (T-iperpendicular to/T-iparallel to), a key feature existing in many space and laboratory plasmas. The growth rate and the real frequency at which the maximum growth rate occurs for the ion acoustic mode increases with increasing T-iperpendicular to/T-iparallel to. The propagation angle, with respect to the background magnetic field, for ion acoustic waves is shown to depend on T-iperpendicular to/T-iparallel to. Also presented is a generalized calculation of experimentally relevant perturbed distribution functions to include shear in the field-aligned flow. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Spangler, RS (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 6 BP 2526 EP 2533 DI 10.1063/1.1480269 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 554PV UT WOS:000175745400013 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, JJ TI Hit to kill: The new battle over shielding America from missile attack SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 117 IS 2 BP 312 EP 313 DI 10.2307/798186 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 582YF UT WOS:000177378200008 ER PT J AU Russell, J AF Russell, J TI Putting "defense" back into US defense policy: Rethinking US security in the post-cold war world SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Russell, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 117 IS 2 BP 316 EP 318 DI 10.2307/798189 PG 3 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 582YF UT WOS:000177378200011 ER PT J AU Arquilla, J AF Arquilla, J TI Strategic warfare in cyberspace SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Arquilla, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 117 IS 2 BP 319 EP 321 DI 10.2307/798191 PG 3 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 582YF UT WOS:000177378200013 ER PT J AU Zolper, JC Shanabrook, BV AF Zolper, JC Shanabrook, BV TI Special issue on wide bandgap semiconductor devices SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Washington, DC 20203 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zolper, JC (reprint author), Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Washington, DC 20203 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUN PY 2002 VL 90 IS 6 BP 939 EP 941 AR PII S0018-9219(02)05589-5 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2002.1021559 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 581CF UT WOS:000177273000001 ER PT J AU Davis, RF Roskowski, AM Preble, EA Speck, JS Heying, B Freitas, JA Glaser, ER Carlos, WE AF Davis, RF Roskowski, AM Preble, EA Speck, JS Heying, B Freitas, JA Glaser, ER Carlos, WE TI Gallium nitride materials - Progress, status, and potential roadblocks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN); defects; dislocations; dopants; electron irradiation; electron mobilities; excitons; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption; gallium nitride (GaN); heteroepitaxy; hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE); lateral epitaxial overgrowth; magnetic resonance; metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE); Mg doping; molecular beam epitaxy (MBE); pendeoepitaxy; photoluminescence; Raman spectroscopy; recombinations; secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS); Si doping; two-dimensional electron gas ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MG-DOPED GAN; DETECTED MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; BULK INGAN FILMS; PHASE EPITAXY; THIN-FILMS; QUANTUM-WELLS; RECOMBINATION PROCESSES AB Metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) and molecular beam. epitaxy (MBE) are the principal techniques for the growth and n-type (Si) and p-type (Mg) doping of III-nitride thin films on sapphire and silicon carbide substrates as well as previously grown GaN films. Lateral and pendeoepitaxy via MOVPE reduce significantly the dislocation density and residual strain in GaN and AlGaN films. However tilt and coalescence boundaries are produced in the laterally growing material. Very high electron mobilities in the nitrides have been realized in radio-frequency plasma-assisted MBE GaN films and in two-dimensional electron gases in the AlGaN/GaN system grown on MOVPE-derived GaN substrates at the crossover from the intermediate growth regime to the droplet regime. State-of-the-art Mg doping profiles and transport properties have been achieved in MBE-derived p-type GaN. The Mg-memory effect, and heterogeneous growth, substrate uniformity, and flux control are significant challenges for MOVPE and MBE, respectively. Photoluminescence (PL) of MOVPE-derived unintentionally doped (UID) heteroepitaxial GaN films show sharp lines near 3.478 eV due to recombination processes associated with the annihilation of free-excitons (FEs) and excitons bound to a neutral shallow donor (DdegreesX). All six allowed Raman modes were observed with small full-width at half-maximum values. The introduction of Si or Mg introduces an intense edge emission assigned to a recombination process associated with X-Sidegrees or a deep compensating donor respectively. The PL spectrum of hydride-vapor-phase-epitaxy-derived freestanding GaN templates showed, within the 3.46-3.52-eV region, emission lines assigned to the excited state of the FE A (FXA1) and the dominant DdegreesX. Significant concentrations of Si and O donors were revealed by Fourier transform infrared and secondary ion mass spectrometry studies of UID freestanding samples. The results of magnetic resonance studies of shallow donors and acceptors, the 2.2-eV "yellow" PL band, and defects created by electron irradiation of native defects and dopants in GaN andlor AlGaN are detailed. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Intel Corp, Portland, OR 97124 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. TRW Co Inc, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, RF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Speck, James/H-5646-2011; Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885 NR 83 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 51 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUN PY 2002 VL 90 IS 6 BP 993 EP 1005 AR PII S0018-9219(02)05575-5 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2002.1021564 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 581CF UT WOS:000177273000006 ER PT J AU Binari, SC Klein, PB Kazior, TE AF Binari, SC Klein, PB Kazior, TE TI Trapping effects in GaN and SiC microwave FETs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE GaN; heterojunction; high electron mobility transistor (HEMT); metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET); microwave transistor; SiC; trapping ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; CURRENT COLLAPSE; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; PERSISTENT PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; FREQUENCY DISPERSION; GAAS-MESFETS; DEEP TRAPS; SURFACE; POWER AB It is well known that trapping effects can limit the output power performance of microwave field-effect transistors (FETs). This is particularly true for the wide bandgap devices. In this paper we review the various trapping phenomena observed in SiC- and GaN-based FETs that contribute to compromised power performance. For both of these material systems, trapping effects associated with both the surface and with the layers underlying the active channel have been identified. The measurement techniques utilized to identify these traps and some of the steps taken to minimize their effects, such as modified buffer layer designs and surface passivation, are described. Since similar defect-related phenomena were addressed during the development of the GaAs technology, relevant GaAs work is briefly summarized. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Raytheon RF Componenets, Andover, MA USA. RP Binari, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM binari@nrl.navy.mil NR 73 TC 251 Z9 258 U1 11 U2 73 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUN PY 2002 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1048 EP 1058 AR PII S0018-9219(02)05580-9 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2002.1021569 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 581CF UT WOS:000177273000011 ER PT J AU Kemerley, RT Wallace, HB Yoder, MN AF Kemerley, RT Wallace, HB Yoder, MN TI Impact of wide bandgap microwave devices on DoD systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE gallium nitride; microwave devices; microwave power amplifiers; microwave solid state; silicon carbide; wide bandgap semiconductors (WBS) ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS AB Radio frequency (RF) semiconductor, electronics enable military systems that operate in the microwave and millimeter wave frequency bands of 1-100. GHz. The performance of numerous electromagnetic systems could be enhanced by the inclusion of wide bandgap (WBG) microwave and millimeter wave devices, either as power amplifier or receiver elements. The demonstrated power performance has generally been six to ten times that of equivalent gallium arsenide or indium phosphide devices up through 20 GHz, with enhanced dynamic range and improved impedance matching. These characteristics provide an opportunity to significantly reduce the number of modules required for many active aperture antenna systems, hence, cost, while enabling new capabilities for shared apertures. Prior to realization of any WBG system deployment, however considerable development and maturation of WBG materials, devices, and circuits must yet ensue. C1 USAF, Aerosp Components Div, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Off Naval Res, Div Elect, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kemerley, RT (reprint author), USAF, Aerosp Components Div, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUN PY 2002 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1059 EP 1064 AR PII S0018-9219(02)05579-2 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2002.1021570 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 581CF UT WOS:000177273000012 ER PT J AU Ericsen, T AF Ericsen, T TI Future navy application of wide bandgap power semiconductor devices SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE naval electrical systems; power distribution; wide bandgap power semiconductor applications AB An assessment of future U.S. Navy electrical power requirements is presented to identify wide bandgap power device application opportunities, issues, and challenges. An emphasis is placed on blocking voltage and the potential of wide bandgap power semiconductor devices to enable higher voltage machines that can meet the U.S. Navy's future electrical power challenges. Estimates of the blocking voltage and power requirements are made for various power systems envisioned for future shipboard application. Blocking voltage estimates are made using a simplified stress level analysis to illustrate the basic concepts underlying power semi. conductor device application in U.S. Navy shipboard systems. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Ericsen, T (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 6 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUN PY 2002 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1077 EP 1082 AR PII S0018-9219(02)05588-3 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2002.1021572 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 581CF UT WOS:000177273000014 ER PT J AU Jones, TG Krushelnick, K Ting, A Kaganovich, D Moore, CI Morozov, A AF Jones, TG Krushelnick, K Ting, A Kaganovich, D Moore, CI Morozov, A TI Temporally resolved Raman backscattering diagnostic of high intensity laser channeling SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA WAVE-GUIDE; X-RAY LASER; CAPILLARY DISCHARGE; UNDERDENSE PLASMA; IONIZED PLASMAS; TERAWATT LASER; PULSES; ACCELERATOR; IONIZATION; SCATTERING AB The implementation of an innovative technique for measuring the propagation of intense laser pulses through plasma channels is described. At high laser intensities, temporally resolved stimulated Raman backscattering can be used to diagnose both the electron density and the laser intensity inside the plasma channel, observations which are not possible using other techniques. This diagnostic is demonstrated in experiments using an open-ended capillary in which a plasma channel was created. The plasma channel was generated using either an electrical discharge or laser ablation by a second laser pulse. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2BZ, England. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Jones, TG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 6 BP 2259 EP 2265 DI 10.1063/1.1475348 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 554PP UT WOS:000175744900005 ER PT J AU Hudson, LT Henins, A Deslattes, RD Seely, JF Holland, GE Atkin, R Marlin, L Meyerhofer, DD Stoeckl, C AF Hudson, LT Henins, A Deslattes, RD Seely, JF Holland, GE Atkin, R Marlin, L Meyerhofer, DD Stoeckl, C TI A high-energy x-ray spectrometer diagnostic for the OMEGA laser SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; CALIBRATION; LINES AB A new x-ray diagnostic has been commissioned at the OMEGA laser facility at the University of Rochester. It is a transmission curved crystal spectrometer designed primarily to characterize the hot-electron energy distribution of laser generated plasmas by registering the continuum x-ray spectrum produced by these hot plasmas from 12 to 60 keV. The diagnostic package is assembled in a linear configuration to ride in a standard instrument insertion module. The instrument consists of a nosecone with a blast shield, spectrometer, electronic imager, drive electronics, and battery. The instrument is connected to the external diagnostic processor and control unit by trigger and data fiber optic cables. Time integrated spectra from various targets have been registered with high sensitivity from single shots of the OMEGA laser. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Hudson, LT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 6 BP 2270 EP 2275 DI 10.1063/1.1476715 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 554PP UT WOS:000175744900007 ER PT J AU Lambrakos, SG Milewski, JO AF Lambrakos, SG Milewski, JO TI Analysis of processes involving heat deposition using constrained optimisation SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRIC CONSTRAINTS; FLOW AB Aspects are presented of a general approach based on constrained optimisation for the analysis of processes involving heat deposition, such as welding processes. The methodology of the present approach entails generating functions and subdomain elliptic solvers useful for the practical application of constrained optimisation for the calculation of thermal histories. T e emphasis in the present work is on the general properties associated with the methodology of this approach as these properties relate to its application. In addition, prototype weld analyses are presented that serve to demonstrate many of the details associated with the practical application of this methodology. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Met Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6324, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM samuel.lambrakos@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 7 IS 3 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1179/136217102225002646 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 578AA UT WOS:000177094200002 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Lambrakos, SG AF Fonda, RW Lambrakos, SG TI Analysis of friction stir welds using an inverse problem approach SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article AB A preliminary analysis of friction stir welds is presented using an inverse problem approach which entails representing the rotating tool as a three-dimensional surface distribution of heat sources. In this approach, the heat generated from these heat sources is proportional to the local velocity of the tool surface, but the resulting temperature field can be adjusted within this constraint so that the shapes of the calculated three-dimensional temperature isotherms are consistent with experimental weld cross-sections. In the present work, experimental information about the local mechanical properties and transformation microstructures observed in the heat affected zone is used to scale the calculated temperature field in a consistent manner. In addition, procedures are discussed which can extend this approach to include more complex aspects of friction stir welding and determine an absolute scale for the calculated temperature field. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6324, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 7 IS 3 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1179/136217102225002682 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 578AA UT WOS:000177094200007 ER PT J AU Wick, CE Stilwell, DJ AF Wick, CE Stilwell, DJ TI USNA-1: A miniature, low-cost autonomous underwater vehicle - Designed to support one-way missions and provide an academic platform for navigation, sensor and AUV employment research SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Autonomous Syst & Controls Lab, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Wick, CE (reprint author), USN Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 6 BP 17 EP + PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 567CZ UT WOS:000176469000003 ER PT J AU Lillycrop, WJ Wozencraft, JM Pope, RW AF Lillycrop, WJ Wozencraft, JM Pope, RW TI Airborne LIDAR hydrography: A vision for tomorrow - Focus on regional seafloor mapping brings out system "virtues": Rapid, econonmical, accurate, especially when enhanced with other sensors SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Mobile, AL USA. USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Operat Div, Mobile, AL USA. RP Lillycrop, WJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Mobile, AL USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 6 BP 27 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 567CZ UT WOS:000176469000004 ER PT J AU DeGiorgi, VG Qidwai, MA AF DeGiorgi, VG Qidwai, MA TI A computational mesoscale evaluation of material characteristics of porous shape memory alloys SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; ACTUATORS; POROSITY AB Computational techniques are used to estimate porous shape memory alloy material behavior in this study. Mesoscale analysis techniques based on a two-dimensional finite element method are used to evaluate a representative volume element (RVE) to determine effective material response. The porous shape memory alloy is defined as comprised of two constituents, dense NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA), and pores that are defined as free of all material and distributed randomly. An existing rate-independent type constitutive model is used to define the dense SMA material behavior. Open porosity is considered with the axis of generation perpendicular to the plane of the two-dimensional RVE. Pores are allowed to vary in size and shape with no limit on maximum pore size. Computational evaluations are completed for porous SMA for a range of pore volume fractions. Effective material behavior is calculated and results are compared with computationally determined material behavior based on the micromechanical unit cell finite element method. Calculated effective material elastic and transformation characteristics compare well between the two methods for low to moderate (less than or equal to0.3) pore volume fractions. Significant variations are seen for higher pore volume fractions (>0.3) due to spatial orientation and percolation effects that are not considered in unit cell analyses. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Washington NRL Operat, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. OI Qidwai, Siddiq/0000-0002-2389-118X NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3 BP 435 EP 443 AR PII S0964-1726(02)36264-5 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/11/3/314 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 579VA UT WOS:000177197500014 ER PT J AU Luscombe, JH Frenzen, CL AF Luscombe, JH Frenzen, CL TI Depletion lengths in semiconductor nanostructures SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE nanostructures; depletion ID FLASH MEMORY; QUANTUM-DOT; CONFINEMENT AB We calculate the depletion length, W(R), at the surface of a cylindrical nanostructure of radius R and show that W(R) satisfies the inequality Wp less than or equal to W(R) less than or equal to R-c, where W-p = root2epsilonPhi / (e(2)N(d)) is the depletion length at a planar interface (Phi is the surface potential energy barrier, epsilon is the dielectric constant and N-d is the doping density), and R-c = root2W(p) is, as we show, a critical radius below which, for R less than or equal to R-c, the structure is fully depleted. The standard result W-p therefore underestimates the depletion length in a finite structure, The discrepancy between W(R) and W-p becomes significant when the dimensions of the structure becomes comparable to the depletion length, as can occur in nanostructure devices. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Luscombe, JH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 6 BP 885 EP 889 AR PII S0038-1101(02)00009-6 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(02)00009-6 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 555XD UT WOS:000175817800015 ER PT J AU Arnaud, FG Khirabadi, BS Fahy, GM AF Arnaud, FG Khirabadi, BS Fahy, GM TI Normothermic blood perfusion of isolated rabbit kidneys III. In vitro physiology of kidneys after perfusion with Euro-Collins solution or 7.5 M cryoprotectant (VS4) SO TRANSPLANT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE organ cryopreservation; in vitro perfusion; vitrification; transplantation; oxygen consumption; VS4 ID MAMMALIAN KIDNEY; HIGH-SODIUM; CRYOPRESERVATION; TRANSPLANTATION; PRESERVATION; REMOVAL AB Cryopreservation of solid organs might be possible using a mixture of cell-permeable agents, cryoprotectants (CPA), which are designed to completely preclude ice crystal formation during cooling to cryogenic temperatures. The effects of a specific prototype solution (VS4) were evaluated by normothermic blood perfusion in vitro. Rabbit kidneys were divided into three groups: untreated controls (n = 7), Euro-Collins (EC)-perfused controls (n 6) and VS4 (49%, w/v) CPA-perfused kidneys (n = 7). After a 2-h blood perfusion, five of the seven CPA-perfused kidneys developed polyuria (0.21 ml x min(-1) x g(-1)) relative to untreated controls (0.07 ml x min(-1) x g(-1)) or EC-perfused kidneys (0.06 ml x min(-1) x g(-1)), owing to the lower reabsorption of water (34.3%), Na+ (34.2%) and glucose (35.6%). Furthermore, two kidneys were non-functional with virtually no urine production. Reduced tubular function was associated with reduced oxygen consumption (3.6 versus 2.3 versus 2.0 mumole x min(-1) x g(-1) for controls, EC- and CPA-perfused kidneys, respectively) and increased weight gain (17% versus 20% versus 30%, respectively) after blood perfusion. Therefore, the current results provide insight into both the physiological effects of VS4 and the limits of reversibility of renal pathophysiological states. Our results also indicate that in vitro monitoring of oxygen consumption and weight gain of perfused organs could be used as predictors of renal function. C1 USN, Res Ctr, Rresuscitat Med Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Amer Red Cross, Jerome H Holland Lab, Plasma Derivatives Lab, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. 21st Century Med, Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730 USA. RP Arnaud, FG (reprint author), USN, Res Ctr, Rresuscitat Med Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0934-0874 J9 TRANSPLANT INT JI Transpl. Int. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 6 BP 278 EP 289 DI 10.1007/s00147-002-0395-z PG 12 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 572UK UT WOS:000176793200003 PM 12072898 ER PT J AU Dunford, RG Mejia, EB Salbador, GW Gerth, WA Hampson, NB AF Dunford, RG Mejia, EB Salbador, GW Gerth, WA Hampson, NB TI Diving methods and decompression sickness incidence of Miskito Indian underwater harvesters SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dive profile; dive computer; harvester; decompression sickness; Miskito; dysbaric bone necrosis AB Dunford RG, Mejia EB, Salbador GW, Gerth WA, Hampson NB, Diving methods and decompression sickness incidence of Miskito Indian underwater harvesters. Undersea Hyper Med 2002, 29(2): 74-85. Diving conditions, dive profiles, and symptoms of decompression sickness (DCS) in a group of Miskito Indian underwater seafood harvesters are described. Dive profiles for 5 divers were recorded with dive computers, and DCS symptoms were assessed by neurological examination and interview. Divers averaged 10 dives a day over a 7-day period with a mean depth of 67 +/- 7 FSW (306 +/- 123 kPa) and average in-water time of 20.6 +/- 6.3 minutes. Limb pain was reported on 10 occasions during 35 man-days of diving. Symptoms were typically managed with analgesic medication rather than recompression. Indices of the decompression stress were estimated from the recorded profiles using a probabilistic model. We conclude that the dives were outside the limits of standard air decompression tables and that DCS symptoms were common. The high frequency of limb pain suggests the potential for dysbaric bone necrosis for these divers. C1 Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. St Luke Episcopal Med Miss, Roatan, Honduras. US Navy Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL USA. RP Dunford, RG (reprint author), Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 29 IS 2 BP 74 EP 85 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 628GJ UT WOS:000179984500001 PM 12508972 ER PT J AU Schmidt, MC Askew, EW Roberts, DE Prior, RL Ensign, WY Hesslink, RE AF Schmidt, MC Askew, EW Roberts, DE Prior, RL Ensign, WY Hesslink, RE TI Oxidative stress in humans training in a cold, moderate altitude environment and their response to a phytochemical antioxidant supplement SO WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress; altitude; antioxidants; phytochemicals; exercise; vitamin E; beta-carotene; ascorbic acid; 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine; pentane; malondialdehyde; oxygen radical absorption capacity; ferric-reducing ability of plasma; lipid hydroperoxides ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; VITAMIN-C; DNA-DAMAGE; EXERCISE; CAROTENOIDS; ASSAY; URINE; 8-HYDROXY-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE; BIOMARKER; CAPACITY AB Objective.-This study examined the effectiveness of an antioxidant mixture containing vitamin E, P-carotene, ascorbic acid, selenium, a-lipoic acid, N-acetyl 1-cysteine, catechin, lutein, and lycopene to reduce oxidative stress in US Marines undergoing 24 days of cold-weather field training at a moderate altitude. Methods.-Forty physically active male volunteers (ages 18-40) were randomly assigned to a treatment (antioxidant) group (n = 21) or a control (placebo) group (n = 19). Breath pentane (BP), serum lipid hydroperoxides (LPO), urine malondialdehyde (MDA), urine 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and serum and urine oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) were measured as indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Urine was sampled at days 0, 12, and 24. Serum and breath were sampled on days 0 and 24. Results.-Both groups exhibited increased levels of oxidative stress after 24 days of field training, as indicated by an increased LPO, pentane, and 8-OHdG. There was no significant difference between the treatment and placebo groups at day 24; however, there was some indication that test subjects with initially low antioxidant capacity (ORAC) may have benefited from the antioxidant supplement. Conclusions.-An increased level of oxidative stress was associated with high levels of physical exertion of training in a cold environment at moderate altitude. The antioxidant mixture tested did not attenuate the mean oxidative stress levels in the entire group of test subjects, but it may have reduced the oxidative stress of some individuals with low initial antioxidant status. C1 Univ Utah, Div Foods & Nutr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Nat Alternat Int, San Marino, CA USA. USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Askew, EW (reprint author), Univ Utah, Div Foods & Nutr, 250 S 1850 East,HPR N-239, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 59 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILDERNESS MEDICAL SOC PI COLORADO SPRINGS PA 3595 E FOUNTAIN BLVD, STE A1, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80910 USA SN 1080-6032 J9 WILD ENVIRON MED JI Wildern. Environ. Med. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 13 IS 2 BP 94 EP 105 DI 10.1580/1080-6032(2002)013[0094:OSIHTI]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA 566YV UT WOS:000176456600002 PM 12092978 ER PT J AU Bitterwolf, TE Saygh, A Haener, JL Fierro, R Shade, JE Rheingold, AL Liable-Sands, L Alt, HG AF Bitterwolf, TE Saygh, A Haener, JL Fierro, R Shade, JE Rheingold, AL Liable-Sands, L Alt, HG TI Synthesis and photolysis of [M(CO)(3)H](2)(eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H4), where M = Mo and W. Photochemical 'twist' rearrangement of M-2(CO)(6) (eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H4) to give [M(CO)(3)][M(CO)(3)H](eta(5),eta(5):eta(1)-C5H4CH2C5H3), where M = Mo and W. The molecular structure [Mo(CO)(3)][Mo(CO)(3)Cl](eta(5),eta(5):eta(1)-C5H4CH2C5H3) SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE photolysis; photochemical; rearrangement; bimetallic compounds ID CYCLOPENTADIENYL; DERIVATIVES; MOLYBDENUM; TUNGSTEN AB M-2(CO)(6)(eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CR2C5H4), where R = H, M = Mo, 1, or W, 2, undergo protonation by HCF3SO3 at the M-M bond to give [M-2(CO)(6)(mu-H)(eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H4)](+) which have been characterized by H-1 NMR. Reduction of 1 and 2 with sodium potassium alloy followed by reaction with acid gives the bis(metal-hydride) compounds [M(CO)(3)H](2)(eta(5),eta(5):eta(1)-C5H4CH2C5H4). These bis(metal-hydride) species are stable in solution in the dark but undergo hydrogen loss to reform 1 and 2 when exposed to room light. 1 and 2 undergo photochemical rearrangement to the 'twist' products [M(CO)(3)][M(CO)(3)H](eta(5),eta(5):eta(1)-C5H4CH2C5H3). The tungsten product is thermally stable for several hours, but the molybdenum products rapidly return to 1. The molybdenum 'twist' products of 1 and 3, R = CH3, M = Mo, may be efficiently trapped as their chlorides by carrying out the photolysis in 20% CHCl3 in benzene. Photochemical studies of the efficiency of this reaction as a function of wavelength indicate that the 'twist' reaction requires photolysis into the higher energy band at 380 nm and does not proceed upon photolysis into the lower energy transition at 529 nm. The molecular structure of [Mo(CO)(3)][Mo(CO)(3)Cl](eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H4) has been determined: monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a=9.257(3), b = 15.211 (5), c = 13.263(4) Angstrom, beta = 107.76(2)degrees, V = 1778.7(10) Angstrom(3), Z = 4. T = 218 K, R(F) = 3.24%. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Anorgan Chem Lab, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Bitterwolf, TE (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD MAY 30 PY 2002 VL 334 BP 54 EP 58 AR PII S0020-1693(02)00854-X DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(02)00854-X PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 565KZ UT WOS:000176370500008 ER PT J AU Benyoucef, M Kuball, M Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL Fatemi, M Twigg, ME AF Benyoucef, M Kuball, M Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL Fatemi, M Twigg, ME TI Raman scattering, photoluminescence, and X-ray diffraction studies of GaN layers grown on misoriented sapphire substrates SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY JUN 05-08, 2001 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE GaN; misoriented; Raman scattering; photoluminescence; X-ray diffraction ID STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; III-NITRIDES; A-PLANE; EPITAXY AB Photoluminescence, Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction experiments were performed on GaN films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on misoriented sapphire substrates. Sapphire substrates misoriented up to 6degrees from the a-plane were used in this study. An increased photoluminescence intensity was observed for layers grown on substrates having miscut angles of similar to 3degrees indicating improvements in the crystalline quality, supported by X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering results. The GaN layers also show a minimun in compressive stress when grown on similar to 3degrees misoriented sapphire substrates. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Benyoucef, M (reprint author), Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RI Benyoucef, Mohamed/C-4910-2015 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD MAY 30 PY 2002 VL 93 IS 1-3 BP 15 EP 18 AR PII S0921-5107(02)00034-X DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00034-X PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 560NY UT WOS:000176089200005 ER PT J AU Glaser, ER Carlos, WE Braga, GCB Freitas, JA Moore, WJ Shanabrook, BV Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL Bayerl, MW Brandt, MS Obloh, H Kozodoy, P DenBaars, SP Mishra, UK Nakamura, S Haus, E Speck, JS Van Nostrand, JE Sanchez, MA Calleja, E Ptak, AJ Myers, TH Molnar, RJ AF Glaser, ER Carlos, WE Braga, GCB Freitas, JA Moore, WJ Shanabrook, BV Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL Bayerl, MW Brandt, MS Obloh, H Kozodoy, P DenBaars, SP Mishra, UK Nakamura, S Haus, E Speck, JS Van Nostrand, JE Sanchez, MA Calleja, E Ptak, AJ Myers, TH Molnar, RJ TI Characterization of nitrides by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY JUN 05-08, 2001 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE GaN; InGaN LEDs; p-type doping; photoluminescence; magnetic resonance ID MG-DOPED GAN; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; NUCLEAR DOUBLE-RESONANCE; QUANTUM-WELLS; WURTZITE GAN; YELLOW LUMINESCENCE; UNDOPED GAN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE BANDS; RECOMBINATION PROCESSES AB We will highlight our recent work on the properties of residual defects and dopants in GaN heteroepitaxial layers and on the nature of recombination from InGaN single quantum well (SQW) light emitting diodes (LEDs) through magnetic resonance techniques. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODNIR) were performed on undoped (highly resistive and n-type) and intentionally doped (Si, Mg, or Be) GaN films grown by a variety of techniques (MOCVD, MBE, and HVPE) in order to obtain general trends and behavior. Through the spin-Hamiltonian parameters, these methods can reveal symmetry information, the character of the wave function and (ideally) the chemical identity of the defect. In addition, low temperature EPR intensities can be used to determine the neutral acceptor or donor concentrations without the need for contacts or the high temperatures required for Hall effect measurements. The ODNIR was performed on both bandedge (mainly shallow donor-shallow acceptor recombination) and deep (visible and near-IR) PL bands. In spite of the radically different (non-equilibrium) growth techniques, many of the same defects were found in the various samples, Finally, earlier ODMR studies of recombination from Nichia InGaN 'green' and 'blue' LEDs were extended to include shorter ('violet') and longer ('amber') wavelength LEDs and an undoped 30 Angstrom In0.3Ga0.7N/GaN heterostructure. The results provide evidence for spatially separated electrons and holes in the optically-active 30 Angstrom InGaN layers under low photoexcitation conditions, likely due to localization at different potential minima in the x-y planes and/or the large strain-induced piezoelectric fields parallel to the growth direction. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20744 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Fraunhofer Inst Appl Solid State Phys, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coll Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coll Engn, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Elect Engn, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. RP Glaser, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Speck, James/H-5646-2011; Myers, Thomas/C-3769-2013; Brandt, Martin/C-5151-2017 NR 55 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD MAY 30 PY 2002 VL 93 IS 1-3 BP 39 EP 48 AR PII S0921-5107(02)00007-7 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00007-7 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 560NY UT WOS:000176089200011 ER PT J AU Turner, PR AF Turner, PR TI Residue polynomial systems SO THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polynomial arithmetic; symbolic computing; residue number systems; exact computation AB In this paper, we present the basic ideas of the residue polynomial system (RPS), a polynomial analog of the familiar residue number systems (RNS) of integer arithmetic. Many of the properties of the RNS are shared by the RPS. The main exception is that division of polynomials in the RPS is much more tractable than its integer counterpart. Examples are included throughout. The underlying field of coefficients for polynomials under consideration can be the reals or the rationals, though extension to the complex field will be needed for division by irreducible quadratic factors. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Turner, PR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3975 J9 THEOR COMPUT SCI JI Theor. Comput. Sci. PD MAY 28 PY 2002 VL 279 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 49 AR PII S0304-3975(00)00425-4 DI 10.1016/S0304-3975(00)00425-4 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 560JY UT WOS:000176080000003 ER PT J AU Nadgorny, B Mazin, II AF Nadgorny, B Mazin, II TI High efficiency nonvolatile ferromagnet/superconductor switch SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOQUENCHED SUPERCONDUCTING VALVE; ELECTRICAL SPIN INJECTION; ANDREEV REFLECTION; SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURE; EXCESS CURRENT; POLARIZATION; TRANSPORT; JUNCTIONS; FILMS; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB A composite magnetosuperconducting switch is proposed. The device, which is based on Andreev reflection at the superconductor/ferromagnet contact, combines high efficiency with nonvolatility. The low-impedance state of the device corresponds to the normal state of the superconductor, whereas the high-impedance state corresponds to the superconducting state. The proposed device does not require high-quality Andreev contacts; on the contrary, interface scattering significantly increases the efficiency of the device. Up to 1000%-2500% efficiency can be achieved with the existing ferromagnetic materials. The device can be used as a basic element for nonvolatile logic and memory. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nadgorny, B (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 21 BP 3973 EP 3975 DI 10.1063/1.1481987 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 553ZV UT WOS:000175709000031 ER PT J AU Watson, M AF Watson, M TI Does marijuana use cause long-term cognitive deficits? SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Watson, M (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Jacksonville, FL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 20 BP 2652 EP 2652 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 554JQ UT WOS:000175732400015 PM 12020294 ER PT J AU Sato, PA Reed, RJ Smith, TC Wang, L AF Sato, PA Reed, RJ Smith, TC Wang, L TI Monitoring anthrax vaccine safety in US military service members on active duty: surveillance of 1998 hospitalizations in temporal association with anthrax immunization SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Illnesses Among Gulf War Veterans: A Decade of Scientific Research CY JAN 24-26, 2001 CL ALEXAMDRIA, VIRGINIA DE anthrax; vaccine; surveillance postmarketing ID UNITED-STATES; HEALTH AB We compared 1998 hospitalizations in active-duty US military personnel for possible temporal association with anthrax immunization. Immunization, demographic, and hospitalization data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards modeling for hospitalization within 42 days of vaccination. Discharge diagnoses were aggregated into 14 International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) categories. Approximately 11% of subjects received one or more doses of vaccine during 1998; those immunized were more likely to be younger and male. Lower hospitalization rates were observed across doses and diagnostic categories among the immunized. Adjusted risk ratios for hospitalization by diagnostic category suggest that immunized service members were at equal or lesser risk for hospitalization than the non-immunized. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Reed, RJ (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 9 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 17-18 BP 2369 EP 2374 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00092-0 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00092-0 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 560QK UT WOS:000176092600027 PM 12009293 ER PT J AU Tsurupa, G Tsonev, L Medved, L AF Tsurupa, G Tsonev, L Medved, L TI Structural organization of the fibrin(ogen) alpha C-domain SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; HEREDITARY RENAL AMYLOIDOSIS; HANDED HELICAL CONFORMATION; NATIVE CHICKEN FIBRINOGEN; MOLAR HEAT-CAPACITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CROSS-LINKING; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AB We hypothesized that the alphaC-domain of human fibrinogen (residues hAalpha-221-610) and of other species consists of a compact COOH-terminal region (hAalpha392-610) and a flexible NH2-terminal connector region (hAalpha221-391) which may contain some regular structure [Weisel and Medved (2001) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 936,312-327]. To test this hypothesis, we expressed in E. coli recombinant fragments corresponding to the full-length human alphaC-domain and its NH2- and COOH-terminal regions as well as their bovine counterparts, bAalpha224-568, bAalpha224-373, and bAalpha374-568(538), respectively, and tested their folding status by fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All three methods revealed heat-induced unfolding transitions in the full-length bAalpha224-568 and its two COOH-terniinal fragments, indicating that the COOH-tertninal portion of the bovine alphaC-domain is folded into a compact cooperative structure. Similar results were obtained by CD and DSC with the full-length and the COOH-terminal h392-610 human fragments. The NH2-terminal fragments of both species, b224-373 and h221-392, did not exhibit any sign of a compact structure. However, their heat capacity functions, CD spectra, and temperature dependence of ellipticity at 222 nm were typical for peptides in the extended helical poly(L-proline) type II conformation (PPII), suggesting that they contain this type of regular structure. This is consistent with the presence of proline-rich tandem repeats in the sequence of both bovine and human connector regions. These results indicate that both bovine and human fibrinogen alphaC-domains consist of a compact globular cooperative unit attached to the bulk of the molecule by an extended NH2-terminal connector region with a PPII conformation. C1 Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Dept Biochem, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Transfus & Cryopresevat Res Program, Resuscitat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Medved, L (reprint author), Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Dept Biochem, 15601 Crabbs Branch Way, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-56051, R01 HL056051] NR 55 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAY 21 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 20 BP 6449 EP 6459 DI 10.1021/bi025584r PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 552ZX UT WOS:000175651400028 PM 12009908 ER PT J AU Yang, P Gao, BC Wiscombe, WJ Mishchenko, MI Platnick, SE Huang, HL Baum, BA Hu, YX Winker, DM Tsay, SC Park, SK AF Yang, P Gao, BC Wiscombe, WJ Mishchenko, MI Platnick, SE Huang, HL Baum, BA Hu, YX Winker, DM Tsay, SC Park, SK TI Inherent and apparent scattering properties of coated or uncoated spheres embedded in an absorbing host medium SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; MIE SCATTERING; ALGORITHMS; PARTICLES; ICE AB The conventional Lorenz-Mie formalism is extended to the case for a coated sphere embedded in an absorbing medium. The apparent and inherent scattering cross sections of a particle, derived from the far field and near field, respectively, are different if the host medium is absorptive. The effect of absorption within the host medium on the phase-matrix elements associated with polarization depends on the dielectric properties of the scattering particle. For the specific cases of a soot particle coated with a water layer and an ice sphere containing an air bubble, the phase-matrix elements -P-12/P-11 and P-33/p(11) are unique if the shell is thin. The radiative transfer equation for a multidisperse particle system embedded within an absorbing medium is discussed. Conventional multiple-scattering computational algorithms can be applied if scaled apparent single-scattering properties are applied. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Seoul 120750, South Korea. RP Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 3150 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012 OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; NR 23 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 15 BP 2740 EP 2759 DI 10.1364/AO.41.002740 PG 20 WC Optics SC Optics GA 553VR UT WOS:000175697300005 PM 12027161 ER PT J AU Kim, WH Makinen, AJ Nikolov, N Shashidhar, R Kim, H Kafafi, ZH AF Kim, WH Makinen, AJ Nikolov, N Shashidhar, R Kim, H Kafafi, ZH TI Molecular organic light-emitting diodes using highly conducting polymers as anodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDIUM-TIN-OXIDE AB Films fabricated from commercially available poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) aqueous dispersions have been widely used in many electronic and optoelectronic applications. Previous attempts to utilize them as anodes in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were not satisfactory due to their low conductivity. In this letter we report on the fabrication and characterization of an OLED device made using a highly conductive form of PEDOT:PSS as anode and demonstrate its superior performance relative to that of a similar device using the commercial conducting polymer as an anode. An external electroluminescence quantum efficiency of similar to0.73% was measured at 100 A/m(2). (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD USA. RP Kim, WH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 236 Z9 239 U1 4 U2 65 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 20 BP 3844 EP 3846 DI 10.1063/1.1480100 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551LX UT WOS:000175564100060 ER PT J AU Zehavi, I Blanton, MR Frieman, JA Weinberg, DH Mo, HJ Strauss, MA Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bernardi, M Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Burles, S Carey, L Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Dalcanton, JJ Dodelson, S Doi, M Eisenstein, D Evans, ML Finkbeiner, DP Friedman, S Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Kron, R Kunszt, P Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH McKay, T Meiksin, A Merrelli, A Munn, JA Narayanan, V Newcomb, M Nichol, RC Owen, R Peoples, J Pope, A Rockosi, CM Schlegel, D Schneider, DP Scoccimarro, R Sheth, RK Siegmund, W Smee, S Snir, Y Stebbins, A Stoughton, C SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Berk, DV Vogeley, MS Waddell, P Yanny, B York, DG AF Zehavi, I Blanton, MR Frieman, JA Weinberg, DH Mo, HJ Strauss, MA Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bernardi, M Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Burles, S Carey, L Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Dalcanton, JJ Dodelson, S Doi, M Eisenstein, D Evans, ML Finkbeiner, DP Friedman, S Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Kron, R Kunszt, P Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH McKay, T Meiksin, A Merrelli, A Munn, JA Narayanan, V Newcomb, M Nichol, RC Owen, R Peoples, J Pope, A Rockosi, CM Schlegel, D Schneider, DP Scoccimarro, R Sheth, RK Siegmund, W Smee, S Snir, Y Stebbins, A Stoughton, C SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Berk, DV Vogeley, MS Waddell, P Yanny, B York, DG CA SDSS Collaboration TI Galaxy clustering in early Sloan Digital Sky Survey redshift data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology : observations; cosmology : theory; dark matter; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : distances and redshifts; large-scale structure of universe ID COLD DARK-MATTER; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; PAIRWISE VELOCITY DISPERSION; SPATIAL CORRELATION-FUNCTION; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; POWER-SPECTRUM; PECULIAR VELOCITIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SURFACE-BRIGHTNESS; SPACE DISTORTIONS AB We present the first measurements of clustering in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) galaxy redshift survey. Our sample consists of 29,300 galaxies with redshifts 5700 km s(-1) less than or equal to cz less than or equal to 39, 000 km s(-1), distributed in several long but narrow (2.degrees5-5degrees) segments, covering 690 deg(2). For the full, flux-limited sample, the redshift-space correlation length is approximately 8 h(-1) Mpc. The two-dimensional correlation function xi(r(p), pi) shows clear signatures of both the small-scale, "fingers-of-God" distortion caused by velocity dispersions in collapsed objects and the large-scale compression caused by coherent flows, though the latter cannot be measured with high precision in the present sample. The inferred real-space correlation function is well described by a power law, xi(r) = (r/6.1 +/- 0.2 h(-1) Mpc)(-1.75 +/- 0.03), for 0.1 h(-1) Mpc less than or equal to r less than or equal to 16 h(-1) Mpc. The galaxy pair-wise velocity dispersion is sigma(12) approximate to 600 +/- 100 km s(-1) for projected separations 0.15 h(-1) Mpc less than or equal to r(p) less than or equal to5 h(-1) Mpc. When we divide the sample by color, the red galaxies exhibit a stronger and steeper real-space correlation function and a higher pairwise velocity dispersion than do the blue galaxies. The relative behavior of subsamples defined by high/low profile concentration or high/low surface brightness is qualitatively similar to that of the red/blue subsamples. Our most striking result is a clear measurement of scale-independent luminosity bias at r less than or similar to 10 h(-1) Mpc: subsamples with absolute magnitude ranges centered on M-* - 1.5, M-*, and M-* + 1.5 have real-space correlation functions that are parallel power laws of slope approximate to -1.8 with correlation lengths of approximately 7.4, 6.3, and 4.7 h(-1) Mpc, respectively. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Chicago, Yerkes Observ, Williams Bay, WI 53191 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CERN, IT Div, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19101 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; Mo, Houjun/P-7811-2015; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 139 TC 431 Z9 434 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 571 IS 1 BP 172 EP 190 DI 10.1086/339893 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 550TJ UT WOS:000175519000010 ER PT J AU Tegmark, M Dodelson, S Eisenstein, DJ Narayanan, V Scoccimarro, R Scranton, R Strauss, MA Connolly, A Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hui, L Jain, B Johnston, D Kent, S Loveday, J Nichol, RC O'Connell, L Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Vogeley, MS Zehavi, I Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Kunszt, P Munn, JA Peoples, J Pier, JR Richmond, M Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG AF Tegmark, M Dodelson, S Eisenstein, DJ Narayanan, V Scoccimarro, R Scranton, R Strauss, MA Connolly, A Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hui, L Jain, B Johnston, D Kent, S Loveday, J Nichol, RC O'Connell, L Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Vogeley, MS Zehavi, I Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Kunszt, P Munn, JA Peoples, J Pier, JR Richmond, M Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG CA SDSS Collaboration TI The angular power spectrum of galaxies from early Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : statistics; large-scale structure of universe; methods : data analysis ID REDSHIFT SURVEYS; EIGENMODE ANALYSIS; MAPS; CATALOG AB We compute the angular power spectrum C-l from 1.5 million galaxies in early Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data on large angular scales, l less than or similar to 600. The data set covers about 160 deg(2), with a characteristic depth on the order of 1 h(-1) Gpc in the faintest (21 < r* < 22) of our four magnitude bins. Cosmological interpretations of these results are presented in a companion paper by Dodelson and coworkers. The data in all four magnitude bins are consistent with a simple at concordance model with nonlinear evolution and linear bias factors on the order of unity. Nonlinear evolution is particularly evident for the brightest galaxies. A series of tests suggests that systematic errors related to seeing, reddening, etc. are negligible, which bodes well for the 60-fold larger sample that the SDSS is currently collecting. Uncorrelated error bars and well-behaved window functions make our measurements a convenient starting point for cosmological model fitting. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19101 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Randall Lab 2477, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Tegmark, M (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys, 209 S 3rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19101 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 49 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 571 IS 1 BP 191 EP 205 DI 10.1086/339894 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 550TJ UT WOS:000175519000011 ER PT J AU Ni, B Sinnott, SB Mikulski, PT Harrison, JA AF Ni, B Sinnott, SB Mikulski, PT Harrison, JA TI Compression of carbon nanotubes filled with C-60, CH4, or Ne: Predictions from molecular dynamics simulations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC PROPERTIES; ENCAPSULATED C-60; ADSORPTION; HYDROGEN; BUNDLES; COMPOSITES; EQUATION; METHANE; STATE; TUBES AB The effect of filling nanotubes with C-60 , CH4 , or Ne on the mechanical properties of the nanotubes is examined. The approach is classical molecular dynamics using the reactive empirical bond order (REBO) and the adaptive intermolecular REBO potentials. The simulations predict that the buckling force of filled nanotubes can be larger than that of empty nanotubes, and the magnitude of the increase depends on the density of the filling material. In addition, these simulations demonstrate that the buckling force of empty nanotubes depends on temperature. Filling the nanotube disrupts this temperature effect so that it is no longer present in some cases. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sinnott, SB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM sinnott@mse.ufl.edu RI Sinnott, Susan/P-8523-2014 OI Sinnott, Susan/0000-0002-3598-0403 NR 43 TC 144 Z9 148 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 20 AR 205505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.205505 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 549UY UT WOS:000175466200025 PM 12005578 ER PT J AU Shih, A Yater, JE Hor, C Abrams, R AF Shih, A Yater, JE Hor, C Abrams, R TI Interaction of Sc and O on W SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference CY 2000 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA DE thermionic emission; dispenser cathodes; thermal desorption; scandate cathode; scandium; scandium oxide AB The surface chemistry on top of scandate cathodes plays a fundamental role in the performance and reliability of the cathodes. The surface chemical reaction is a complex dynamical process that involves Sc, Ba, O, W and noble metals at elevated temperatures. An initial approach is to investigate the interaction among the elements in subsets separately. In this study we investigate the interaction of Sc and O on W substrates. combining temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). There are three distinct states of Sc adsorption on W that originate from the first-layer, second-layer and multiple-layer states in a decreasing order of binding energy. The first layer grows to about 2/3 completion when the second layer begins to form, but the second layer is unstable. Agglomeration into multiple layers occurs when the second layer exceeds 1/3 layer. Sc bonds to W more strongly than Ba to W. The desorption maximum of the first-layer Sc occurs at 1575 +/- 22 K, in comparison with the desorption maximum of Ba from W at 1250 +/- 4 K. The addition of O strengthens the Sc-to-W bonds. There are also three distinct binding states that emerge simultaneously during the growth of oxidized Sc. The weakest binding state has a desorption maximum at 1732 +/- 29 K. which is about 300 K higher than the desorption maximum of the oxygen-enhanced Ba adsorption on W. Evaporation rates as a function of temperature are determined from TPD spectra of thick films, The results suggest that during activation of a scandate cathode the loss of metallic Sc can be substantial while the loss of oxidized Sc is minimal. It implies also that thermal evaporation from oxidized Se may not be an effective method to replenish the Sc. the loss of which could occur from ion sputtering during operation in a vacuum electron device. Crown Copyright (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shih, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6844, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD MAY 17 PY 2002 VL 191 IS 1-4 BP 44 EP 51 AR PII S169-4332(02)00151-4 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00151-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 575VZ UT WOS:000176970300006 ER PT J AU Yater, JE Shih, A Butler, JE Pehrsson, PE AF Yater, JE Shih, A Butler, JE Pehrsson, PE TI Electron transmission studies of diamond films SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference CY 2000 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA DE electron transmission; secondary emissions; cold cathode; diamond; wide bandgap; energy distribution ID POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; EMISSION PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; AFFINITY; SURFACE; TRANSPORT; HYDROGEN; NITRIDE AB Diamond is an attractive cold emitter candidate because of specific negative-electron-affinity (NEA) surfaces and good electron transport properties. In this study. transmission electron spectroscopy is used to examine the low-energy electron transport and emission properties of thin CVD diamond films. After injecting electrons into diamond films using an external electron gun, the transmission of low-energy secondary electrons is examined. In particular. the intensity and energy distribution of the transmitted electrons are measured as a function of the Film properties (thickness. doping concentration) and incident beam properties (energy, intensity). Electron transmission through a heavily-doped, 5 mum thick film exhibits a larger energy spread and lower intensity than electron transmission through a medium-doped, 2 mum thick film. However, the transmission yields are relatively low for both films compared to the reflected yield measurements. Furthermore, the incident beam parameters influence the transmitted electron distribution in ways that cannot be explained by our secondary emission model. On the other hand, the results of the study concerning the transmission of high-energy electrons confirm the theoretical predictions of electron penetration depths in diamond. These initial electron transmission measurements front thin diamond films indicate that the transport process is quite complex, and the study reveals several issues that need to be examined further before the cold emission capabilities of diamond can be assessed. Crown Copyright (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yater, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6844, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD MAY 17 PY 2002 VL 191 IS 1-4 BP 52 EP 60 AR PII S0169-4332(02)00149-6 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00149-6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 575VZ UT WOS:000176970300007 ER PT J AU Egelhoff, WF Stiles, MD Pappas, DP Pierce, DT Byers, JM Johnson, MB Jonker, BT Alvarado, SF Gregg, JF Bland, JAC Buhrman, RA AF Egelhoff, WF Stiles, MD Pappas, DP Pierce, DT Byers, JM Johnson, MB Jonker, BT Alvarado, SF Gregg, JF Bland, JAC Buhrman, RA TI Spin polarization of injected electrons SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. IBM Corp, Zurich Res Lab, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland. Univ Oxford, Oxford OV1 3PU, England. Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Egelhoff, WF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156 NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 17 PY 2002 VL 296 IS 5571 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 554BL UT WOS:000175713000001 ER PT J AU Bayer, M Forchel, A Reinecke, TL Knipp, PA Rudin, S AF Bayer, M Forchel, A Reinecke, TL Knipp, PA Rudin, S TI Confinement of light in microresonators for controlling light-matter interaction SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; SEMICONDUCTOR MICROCAVITIES; PHOTONIC DOTS; QUANTUM DOTS; BAND-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL MODES; COUPLED MICRORESONATORS; WAVE-GUIDES; CAVITY; CRYSTAL AB A detailed control of light-matter interaction can be achieved by placing an optically active medium into a resonator. Here we want to demonstrate some aspects of such a control in semiconductors: In the first part of the article we will discuss the optical modes in microresonators with a three dimensional confinement of light (photonic dots) due to which the density of modes is dominated by sharp, discrete resonances. From optical spectroscopy insight into energies and field distributions of the modes is taken. More complicated confined photon geometries (photonic molecules) are obtained by connecting several photonic dots through narrow channels. The electromagnetic field distributions in these structures bear strong resemblences to bonding and anti-bonding orbitals in molecules. Also a model system of a photonic band gap structure can be created in this way: By increasing the number of coupled resonators in a linear chain the transition from an atomic- to a crystal-like system is obtained. The dependence of the band stucture on the geometry parameters as well as its modification by implementing defects have been studied in detail. In the second part we will then turn to the modification of light-matter interaction in photonic dots. Whereas for studying them, the optical modes were separated far from the electronic excitations, now the two excitations are brought in resonance. Both the regimes of weak and strong coupling are considered: In the strong coupling regime we observe the normal mode splitting of polaritons formed by a quantum well exciton and the several confined modes of photonic dots. The dependence of the Rabi splitting on the involved mode and on the resonator size is discussed. In the weak coupling regime we address the spontaneous emission of quantum dots that are embedded in photonic dots. Both an inhibition and a suppression of the emission could be demonstrated in resonators with a lateral metal coating. C1 Univ Wurzburg, Inst Phys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Bayer, M (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Inst Phys, Hubland, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. OI Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD MAY 16 PY 2002 VL 191 IS 1 BP 3 EP 32 DI 10.1002/1521-396X(200205)191:1<3::AID-PSSA3>3.0.CO;2-M PG 30 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 558PK UT WOS:000175975600003 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Heller, JM Hooper, TI Gackstetter, GD Gray, GC AF Smith, TC Heller, JM Hooper, TI Gackstetter, GD Gray, GC TI Are Gulf War veterans experiencing illness due to exposure to smoke from Kuwaiti oil well fires? Examination of Department of Defense hospitalization data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental exposure; hospitalization; inhalation exposure; morbidity; Persian Gulf syndrome; petroleum; smoke; veterans ID POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; SELF-REPORTED SYMPTOMS; BIRTH-DEFECTS; US VETERANS; HEALTH; SERVICE; OPERATIONS; MORTALITY; CHILDREN; STRESS AB There has been much concern among the public and veterans that specific environmental exposures incurred during the Gulf War were the cause of subsequent illness among Gulf War veterans. In this historical cohort study, the authors compared the postwar morbidity of US military personnel exposed to smoke from the 1991 Kuwaiti oil well fires with that of unexposed personnel. Complete exposure and demographic data were available for 405,142 active-duty Gulf War veterans who did not remain in the region after the war. The authors used data from all Department of Defense hospitals for the period August 1, 1991-July 31, 1999 to estimate rates of hospitalization due to any cause, hospitalization due to a diagnosis in one of 15 major categories, and hospitalization due to one of nine diagnoses likely to be manifestations of smoke exposure. Exposures to particulate matter from oil-well-fire smoke were based on the integration of meteorologic data, diffusion modeling, and troop location data. The authors constructed seven exposure groups combining duration and amount of exposure. In Cox modeling, three of the 25 models showed an increased adjusted risk of hospitalization. However, there was no evidence of a dose-response relation. Despite some limitations, these data do not support the hypothesis that Gulf War veterans have an increased risk of postwar morbidity from exposure to Kuwaiti oil-well-fire smoke. C1 US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. US Army Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Deployment Enviornm Surveillance Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 54 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 10 BP 908 EP 917 DI 10.1093/aje/155.10.908 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 552PM UT WOS:000175628800005 PM 11994230 ER PT J AU Meier, RR Warren, HP Nicholas, AC Bishop, J Huba, JD Drob, DP Lean, JL Picone, JM Mariska, JT Joyce, G Judge, DL Thonnard, SE Dymond, KF Budzien, SA AF Meier, RR Warren, HP Nicholas, AC Bishop, J Huba, JD Drob, DP Lean, JL Picone, JM Mariska, JT Joyce, G Judge, DL Thonnard, SE Dymond, KF Budzien, SA TI Ionospheric and dayglow responses to the radiative phase of the Bastille Day flare SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; SPECTRUM; EUV AB [1] The Sun's Bastille Day flare on July 14, 2000 produced a variety of geoeffective events. This solar eruption consisted of an X-class flare followed by a coronal mass ejection that produced a major geomagnetic storm. We have undertaken a study of this event beginning with an analysis of the effects of the radiative phase of the flare on the dayglow and the ionosphere. The key new enabling work is a novel method of evaluating the X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) solar spectral irradiance changes associated with the flare. We find that the solar radiative output enhancements modeled during the flare are consistent with measurements of both solar EUV irradiance and far UV Earth thermospheric dayglow. We use the SAMI2 model to predict global ionospheric changes along a magnetic meridian that show significantly different northern and southern effects, suggesting that flares can be used to study ionospheric dynamics. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Meier, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014; Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115 NR 16 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 10 AR 1461 DI 10.1029/2001GL013956 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DL UT WOS:000178888300045 ER PT J AU Morrill, J Bucsela, E Siefring, C Heavner, M Berg, S Moudry, D Slinker, S Fernsler, R Wescott, E Sentman, D Osborne, D AF Morrill, J Bucsela, E Siefring, C Heavner, M Berg, S Moudry, D Slinker, S Fernsler, R Wescott, E Sentman, D Osborne, D TI Electron energy and electric field estimates in sprites derived from ionized and neutral N-2 emissions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STATE VIBRATIONAL POPULATIONS; PHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; IONIZATION; ELVES AB [1] During the EXL98 aircraft mission, sprites and blue jets were observed by narrow band cameras that measure the N-2(+) 1NG (0,1) band at 4278Angstrom and the N-2 2PG (0, 0) band at 3370Angstrom. We discuss the observations (similar to1 km resolution), instrumental and atmospheric corrections, and altitude profiles of ionized (1NG) and neutral (2PG) emission observed during a specific sprite. The ratio of ionized-to-neutral emission indicates a relative enhancement of ion emission below 55 km. Characteristic electron energies (E-Ch) and electric fields (E) are derived from these emission ratios using excitation rates computed from a model that solves the Boltzmann equation as a function of electric field. Up to 55km E follows the breakdown field (E-k) and E-Ch is similar to2.2eV. Above 55 km E drops below E-k and E-Ch drops to similar to1.75eV near 60km. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Morrill, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 10 AR 1462 DI 10.1029/2001GL014018 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DL UT WOS:000178888300044 ER PT J AU Stevens, MH Englert, CR Gumbel, J AF Stevens, MH Englert, CR Gumbel, J TI OH observations of space shuttle exhaust SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MESOPAUSE REGION; WATER-VAPOR; ATMOSPHERE; MESOSPHERE; MIDDLE; IONOSPHERE; MODEL; OZONE AB [1] We report the unexpected observation of a large hydroxyl (OH) cloud north and east of the United States a day after a space shuttle launch in November, 1994. The Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Investigation (MAHRSI) observed OH( 0,0) solar fluorescence near 309 nm while staring toward a tangent altitude of 87 km, where OH can be produced from water vapor photodissociation. The OH( 0,0) band has a rotational temperature of 252 +/- 23 K corresponding to an altitude of 110 +/- 3 km, where nearly half of the shuttle's main engine water vapor exhaust is released on ascent. The location of the cloud one day after injection into the atmosphere implies that its average velocity is between 26-40 m/s northward. We also report strong evidence of water ice measured simultaneously along the same line of sight, suggesting that water vapor exhaust is redistributed by condensation and sedimentation. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20374 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC USA. RP Stevens, MH (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Code 7641,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20374 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 10 AR 1378 DI 10.1029/2002GL015079 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DL UT WOS:000178888300128 ER PT J AU Morrissey, RP Redjdal, M Ruane, MF Humphrey, FB AF Morrissey, RP Redjdal, M Ruane, MF Humphrey, FB TI Effects of cross grooving on a domain wall in magnetic bubble garnet SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID FILMS AB The effects of a cross-groove structure etched into the top surface of a 1.6-mum-thick bubble garnet film on an isolated stripe domain underneath one of the grooves is analyzed using a numerical model based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. Warping of the edge of the domain wall underneath the cross groove has been observed. The cross groove generates an in-plane field parallel to the stripe domain wall, and reverses from one edge of the groove to the other. The field is not uniform across the width of the wall, but reverses with the magnetization across the wall. The net containment field generated has been found to be as high as 150 Oe, varying with the width of the stripe domain and the dimensions of the deeper groove. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Boston Univ, Photon Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Morrissey, RP (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 6946 EP 6948 DI 10.1063/1.1453928 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100046 ER PT J AU Pederson, MR Kortus, J Khanna, SN AF Pederson, MR Kortus, J Khanna, SN TI Electronic-structure-based investigation of magnetism in the Fe-8 molecular magnet SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA ID QUANTUM PHASE INTERFERENCE; IRON CLUSTER; MAGNETIZATION; ANISOTROPY; NANOMAGNETS; DENSITY; APPROXIMATION; REORIENTATION; BARRIER; FORCES AB We have performed density-functional-based electronic structure calculations on a single Fe-8 molecular nanomagnet. Our calculated total moments and local moments are in excellent agreement with experiment. By including spin-orbit coupling we determine the easy, medium, and hard axes and find the ordering of the principle axes also agrees with experiment. From our calculated anisotropy Hamiltonian, we calculate the oscillations in the tunnel splittings and compare to the experimental results. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pederson@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7149 EP 7151 DI 10.1063/1.1450786 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100114 ER PT J AU Zelakiewicz, S Krichevsky, A Johnson, M Freeman, MR AF Zelakiewicz, S Krichevsky, A Johnson, M Freeman, MR TI Time-resolved Kerr measurements of magnetization switching in a crossed-wire ferromagnetic memory element SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID RELAXATION; DYNAMICS AB Detailed knowledge of magnetization reversal dynamics in lithographically patterned, micrometer-scale thin film ferromagnetic elements is of basic interest, and is relevant to the development of integrated device applications such as nonvolatile random access memory. We report a time-resolved Kerr microscopy study of the magnetic response of a 1x7 mum(2) FeCo element inductively coupled to two crossed write wires. Beginning from a remanent state, switching rates are measured for single pulses of various amplitudes, and for two pulses with fixed amplitude and variable overlap. While using pulse amplitudes near the switching threshold, we observe the magnetization plateauing below the saturation level which we interpret as probabilistic switching caused by thermal fluctuations. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. RP Zelakiewicz, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Freeman, Mark/E-4609-2013 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7331 EP 7333 DI 10.1063/1.1452681 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100171 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ Gupta, M Gupta, R AF Singh, DJ Gupta, M Gupta, R TI Magnetism and electronic structure in ZnFe2O4 and MnFe2O4 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID SIZE AB Density functional calculations are used to study magnetic and electronic properties of the spinel ferrites, ZnFe2O4 and MnFe2O4. Correct magnetic orderings are obtained. ZnFe2O4 is predicted to be a small gap insulator in agreement with experiment. MnFe2O4 is found to be a low carrier density half metal in the fully ordered state. However, strong effects on the electronic structure are found upon partial interchange of Fe and Mn atoms. This indicates that the insulating character may be due to Anderson localization associated with the intersite Mn-Fe disorder. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Paris 11, Inst Sci Mat, F-91405 Orsay, France. CEA, Ctr Etud Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7370 EP 7372 DI 10.1063/1.1453929 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100184 ER PT J AU Beach, GSD Berkowitz, AE Harris, VG Parker, FT Ramadurai, B Smith, DJ AF Beach, GSD Berkowitz, AE Harris, VG Parker, FT Ramadurai, B Smith, DJ TI Properties of the native oxide in metal/native oxide multilayers (invited) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID SPIN VALVES; MAGNETORESISTANCE; ENHANCEMENT; LAYERS AB Multilayers composed of thin CoxFe100-x layers, each exposed successively to oxygen to form oxide surfaces, were studied to determine the structural and magnetic properties of the native oxide. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray reflectivity provided microstructural characterization, while extended x-ray absorption fine structure and Mossbauer spectroscopy were used as local probes of the structural, chemical, and magnetic environments of the constituent atoms. The results of these analyses combined with magnetometry show an onset of magnetism in the oxide with decreasing x, near x=90. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Magnet Recording Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Beach, GSD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; OI Beach, Geoffrey/0000-0001-9158-7430 NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7526 EP 7528 DI 10.1063/1.1452645 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100234 ER PT J AU Son, S Taheri, M Carpenter, E Harris, VG McHenry, ME AF Son, S Taheri, M Carpenter, E Harris, VG McHenry, ME TI Synthesis of ferrite and nickel ferrite nanoparticles using radio-frequency thermal plasma torch SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID MAGNETITE; ALH84001 AB Nanocrystalline (NC) ferrite powders have been synthesized using a 50 kW-3 MHz rf thermal plasma torch for high-frequency soft magnet applications. A mixed powder of Ni and Fe (Ni:Fe=1:2), a NiFe permalloy powder with additional Fe powder (Ni:Fe=1:2), and a NiFe permalloy powder (Ni:Fe=1:1) were used as precursors for synthesis. Airflow into the reactor chamber was the source of oxygen for oxide formation. XRD patterns clearly show that the precursor powders were transformed into NC ferrite particles with an average particle size of 20-30 nm. SEM and TEM studies indicated that NC ferrite particles had well-defined polygonal growth forms with some exhibiting (111) faceting and many with truncated octahedral and truncated cubic shapes. The Ni content in the ferrite particles was observed to increase in going from mixed Ni and Fe to mixed permalloy and iron and finally to only permalloy starting precursor. The plasma-torch synthesized ferrite materials using exclusively the NiFe permalloy precursor had 40%-48% Ni content in the Ni-ferrite particle, differing from the NiFe2O4 ideal stoichiometry. EXAFS was used to probe the cation coordination in low Ni magnetite species. The coercivity and Neel temperature of the high Ni content ferrite sample were 58 Oe and similar to590 degreesC, respectively. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Son, S (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010; Taheri, Mitra/F-1321-2011 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318; NR 12 TC 116 Z9 121 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7589 EP 7591 DI 10.1063/1.1452705 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100255 ER PT J AU Taheri, M Carpenter, EE Cestone, V Miller, MM Raphael, MP McHenry, ME Harris, VG AF Taheri, M Carpenter, EE Cestone, V Miller, MM Raphael, MP McHenry, ME Harris, VG TI Magnetism and structure of ZnxFe3-xO4 films processed via spin-spray deposition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID NIZN-FERRITE FILMS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION AB Zn-ferrite films, ZnxFe3-xO4 where the Zn:Fe ratio ranges from 0.36 to 0.76, were grown on glass substrates using a spin spray technique. Films are shown using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy to be dense and granular with an average grain size similar to0.3 mum. X-ray diffraction indicates that the films are a Fd3m symmetry consistent with a pure spinel ferrite phase. The films' coercive fields have a strong positive correlation with the film roughness indicating the dominance of a physical domain wall pinning mechanism. The films are smooth and magnetically soft near the ZnFe2O4 stoichiometry. All films, including those near the ZnFe2O4 stoichiometry, display ferrimagnetic behavior with compensation temperatures well above the bulk Neel temperature of 9.5 K; this is attributed to the cation disorder measured in the Zn cation distribution. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15231 USA. RP Harris, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010; Taheri, Mitra/F-1321-2011 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318; NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7595 EP 7597 DI 10.1063/1.1456428 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100257 ER PT J AU Lubitz, P Rachford, FJ AF Lubitz, P Rachford, FJ TI Z type Ba hexagonal ferrites with tailored microwave properties SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON AB The microwave properties of Z type Ba hexagonal ferrites with uniaxial anisotropy can be controlled over a wide range by choice of an appropriate mixture of Zn, Ni, and Co as divalent species. Using unmagnetized powders of these ferrites, the microwave permeability spectra were taken in a swept frequency mode in the temperature range 200-550 K. From these data, the product gammaH(a) was derived. SQUID magnetometry was used to measure the magnetization and anisotropy separately. Pure Zn or Co Z type ferrites were found to have temperature dependences of gammaH(a) similar to those of other hexagonal ferrites containing Zn or Co, i.e., nearly flat for Zn and strongly increasing with T for Co. Ni-Z ferrite is notably different: the combination gammaH(a), which determines the frequency of maximum absorption, is found to decrease rapidly with increasing temperature near 300 K. Magnetometry indicates that this temperature dependence gammaH(a) is caused mostly by variation of H-a with temperature. The temperature dependence of gammaH(a) for Ni-Z suggests a strategy to compensate the strong and opposing temperature dependence of gammaH(a) induced by Co ions, which are used to reduce H-a. By independently varying the mix of Zn, Co, and Ni in these ferrites, a useful range of microwave resonance frequencies, gammaH(a), were obtained without undesirable temperature dependence near 300 K. This strategy may allow use of these materials as self-biased microwave components or for absorbing microwave energy in the 5-20 GHz range. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lubitz, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7613 EP 7615 DI 10.1063/1.1453932 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100263 ER PT J AU Schneider, CS AF Schneider, CS TI Role of reversible susceptibility in ferromagnetic hysteresis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA AB An equation of state based upon saturation magnetization, M-s, coercive field, H-c, and the reversible susceptibility function of magnetization is proposed for ferromagnetic hysteresis. Reversible susceptibility divided by the initial susceptibility is the anisotropy function of magnetization, chi(r), ranging from one in the demagnetized state to zero at saturation, and varying with magnetic history. Its dependence on scaled magnetization, m=M/M-s on the interval (-1,1) varies with material, allowing characterization of anisotropy classes. Precise measurements have been made of reversible susceptibility, initial and saturate magnetization curves, and loops for Orthonol(TM), annealed 3% nickel steel and as-received 1018 steel, representing crystals, isotropic polycrystals and composite ferromagnets, respectively. Magnetization change is the product of the reversible susceptibility, change in the applied field and the cooperative function due to domain interactions. This function is 1+betam for the virgin curve with half this slope from any reversal, where beta=M-s/XiHc is the hysteresis coefficient. Variation of beta for 1018 steel is due to distributed coercivities, and causes sigmoid B(H) curves. In the scaled field representation, where h=H/H-c, the cooperative function is 1/(1-hchi(r)), a hyperbolic field dependence smeared by the anisotropy function. Constant anisotropy causes closed hysteresis loops, while variable anisotropy causes creeping of cycled asymmetric loops. In ferromagnetism, 1/chi=1/chi(r)-h, normal scaled reluctivity is reduced from its reversible value by the scaled field. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schneider, CS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM schneide@usna.edu NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7637 EP 7639 DI 10.1063/1.1450849 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100271 ER PT J AU Lubitz, P Cheng, SF Rachford, FJ Miller, MM Harris, VG AF Lubitz, P Cheng, SF Rachford, FJ Miller, MM Harris, VG TI Microwave, structural, and magnetic properties of Cu/Fe/CoFe/Cu SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ULTRATHIN FILMS; MULTILAYER; MAGNETORESISTANCE; CO AB The structure and the static and dynamic magnetic properties of pure Fe films with a surface overlayer of Co9Fe1 were studied. These structures are potential components of spin-valve or tunneling devices in which small magnetic damping, large moment, low anisotropy and high spin polarization may be advantageous. The films are polycrystalline and have Cu under and over layers. The Fe layers studied are from 3 to 20 nm thick and the CoFe layer was usually 1 nm. With a CoFe overlayer we found a range of Fe thicknesses from below 4 to near 6 nm in which low coercivity and narrow ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth resulted. Both below and above this range the properties degraded, apparently because the 2 nm Cu top layer was inadequate to protect the Fe against oxidation. Using extended x-ray absorption fine structure, we found only bcc Fe; atomic force microscopy shows a systematic decrease in roughness with increasing thickness of Fe, which may explain the magnetic hardness for the thinnest films. Fe (5 nm)/CoFe (1 nm), with a Gilbert alphasimilar to0.004, has FMR linewidths about 2/3 those of Permalloy films of comparable thickness. For some applications investigated, distinct advantages can be obtained using the high Q of the ferromagnetic system. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lubitz, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7783 EP 7785 DI 10.1063/1.1453336 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100317 ER PT J AU Kellogg, RA Flatau, AB Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Lograsso, TA AF Kellogg, RA Flatau, AB Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Lograsso, TA TI Temperature and stress dependencies of the magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of Fe0.81Ga0.19 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID FE-GA; AL ALLOYS AB It was recently reported that the addition of nonmagnetic Ga increased the saturation magnetostriction (lambda(100)) of Fe over tenfold while leaving the rhombohedral magnetostriction (lambda(111)) almost unchanged. To determine the relationship between the magnetostriction and the magnetization we measured the temperature and stress dependence of both the magnetostriction and magnetization from -21 degreesC to +80 degreesC under compressive stresses ranging from 14.4 MPa to 87.1 MPa. For this study a single crystal rod of Fe0.81Ga0.19 was quenched from 800 degreesC into water to insure a nearly random distribution of Ga atoms. Constant temperature tests showed that compressive stresses greater than 14.4 MPa were needed to achieve the maximum magnetostriction. For the case of a 45.3 MPa compressive stress and applied field of 800 Oe, the maximum magnetostriction at 80 degreesC decreases from its value at -21 degreesC by 12.9%. This small magnetostrictive decrease is consistent with a correspondingly small 3.6% decrease in magnetization over the same temperature range. This well-behaved temperature response makes this alloy particularly valuable for industrial and military smart actuator, transducer, and active damping applications. The measured value of Young's modulus is low (similar to55+/-1 GPa) and almost temperature independent. The large magnetostriction over a wide temperature range combined with the nonbrittle nature of the alloy is rare. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kellogg, RA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 11 TC 110 Z9 126 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7821 EP 7823 DI 10.1063/1.1452216 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100330 ER PT J AU Ravel, B Carpenter, EE Harris, VG AF Ravel, B Carpenter, EE Harris, VG TI Oxidation of iron in iron/gold core/shell nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; NANOCOMPOSITES; SHELL AB Recently, reverse micelles were used to produce core/shell nanoparticles of iron and gold of highly uniform size distribution and reported to contain metallic iron. A composite structure of this sort is attractive in biosensor and bioactuator applications; the metallic iron core provides high magnetic sensitivity and the gold coating is easily functionalized. With iron/gold nanoparticles prepared by this method, we directly measure the chemical state of the iron component using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and interpret our results along with the measured magnetization of the particles. In earlier reports, metallicity of the iron core was inferred from magnetization measurements rather than directly measured. In contrast, XAS directly measures the structural environment of the iron atoms. Because XAS interpretation is independent of symmetry or periodicity, it is an ideal tool for characterizing nanoparticles. Using XAS, we demonstrate that the iron component of the iron/gold nanoparticles is fully oxidized. We suggest that oxidation is a persistent problem in core/shell nanoparticles of this variety and recommend that characterization by XAS be a standard part of nanoparticle preparation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ravel, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318 NR 10 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8195 EP 8197 DI 10.1063/1.1453941 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400123 ER PT J AU Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M Clark, AE Lograsso, TA Ross, AR Schlagel, DL AF Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M Clark, AE Lograsso, TA Ross, AR Schlagel, DL TI Magnetostriction of ternary Fe-Ga-X alloys (X=Ni,Mo,Sn,Al) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID AL ALLOYS AB Investigations were made into the effect of small additions of Ni, Mo, Sn, as well as larger additions of Al on the magnetostriction of single crystal Fe100-xGax alloys (xcongruent to13). The Fe-Ga and Fe-Al systems are seemingly unique among the Fe-based alloys in having very large magnetostrictions in spite of Ga and Al being nonmagnetic. In this paper, we show how additions of Ni, Mo, Sn, and Al affect lambda(100) and lambda(111) of the binary Fe-Ga alloys. We substituted small amounts of Ni into a binary Fe-Ga alloy in an attempt to reduce the magnitude of the negative lambda(111), as Ni does in Fe, in order to improve the magnetostriction of polycrystals. The measured lambda(111)'s were reduced to a very small value, similar to3 ppm, but lambda(100) fell dramatically to +67 ppm for Fe86Ga11Ni3. Mo was substituted for Ga to determine the effect of a partially filled 4d shell on the magnetostriction. Here \lambda(111)\ is affected the most, increasing to a value greater than all known alpha-Fe-based alloys (lambda(111)=-22 ppm for Fe85Ga10.2Mo4.8). We find that the addition of Sn, with its very large atomic radius, makes only small changes in both lambda(100) and lambda(111). For Fe86.1Ga12.4Sn1.5 at room temperature, lambda(100)=+161 ppm and for Fe86.7Ga12.0Sn1.3, lambda(111)=-15 ppm. The decrease of lambda(100) in Fe-87(GayAl1-y)(13) was approximately linear, going from 67 ppm at y=0 to 154 ppm at y=1. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Restorff, JB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 645, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 6 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8225 EP 8227 DI 10.1063/1.1452220 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400133 ER PT J AU Willard, MA Claassen, JH Stroud, RM Harris, VG AF Willard, MA Claassen, JH Stroud, RM Harris, VG TI Structure and magnetic properties of (Co,Fe)-based nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID ALLOYS; MAGNETOSTRICTION AB The magnetic and structural properties of as-spun and nanocrystalline (Co0.95Fe0.05)(89-x)Zr7B4Cux alloy ribbons (where x=0 and 1) are reported. As-spun ribbons were synthesized by melt spinning with subsequent heat treatments used to stabilize the nanocrystalline microstructure. By differential thermal analysis, the onset of primary crystallization was found to occur at 475 and 481 degreesC for the alloys with and without Cu, respectively. The phase produced by primary crystallization was identified as a face-centered cubic-(Fe,Co) having grains ranging in size from 5 to 17 nm. The nanoscale morphology of the materials provides low hysteretic losses, as evident by the 0.26 Oe coercive field for a sample annealed at 550 degreesC for 1 h. In addition, the crystalline phase provides a magnetization of 1.57 T. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Willard, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Code 6340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; NR 5 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8420 EP 8422 DI 10.1063/1.1453946 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400197 ER PT J AU Glendening, JW Lin, CL AF Glendening, JW Lin, CL TI Large eddy simulation of internal boundary layers created by a change in surface roughness SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN CHANGE; FLOW; MODEL; GROWTH AB Turbulence in a gamma-mesoscale internal boundary layer (IBL) formed by a discontinuous change in surface roughness has been investigated using a large eddy simulation (LES) model to explicitly treat turbulent transport. Two cases are examined: a rough-to-smooth transition and a smooth-to-rough transition. IBL heights are identified using two absolute criteria, one in terms of horizontal stress variation and the other in terms of vertical stress variation, and the ratio of these two heights is found to be approximately constant with fetch. The IBL growth rate with fetch is essentially the same for both transitions, which is here interpreted as reflecting self-similarity of the IBL at relatively large fetches. Parameterization of IBL growth in terms of turbulent intensity is successful when the average turbulent intensity in the IBL is employed but not if the turbulent intensity at the IBL top is utilized. The effective eddy mixing length for longitudinal velocity does not experience strong variations in the vicinity of the surface discontinuity when parameterized in terms of the local turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), but the effective mixing length is somewhat larger over the smoother surface as a result of pressure gradients induced by the horizontally inhomogeneous flow. The TKE dissipation length scale is roughly equal to the mixing length scale for longitudinal velocity, so stress and TKE are strongly coupled above the surface layer. The "quality'' of turbulence, evaluated by turbulent skewness and kurtosis, indicates that turbulence above and below the identified IBL height is associated with the upstream and underlying surfaces, respectively, demonstrating that this height is a physically relevant length scale. C1 Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Mech Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Glendening, JW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Lin, Ching-Long/D-5488-2009 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 59 IS 10 BP 1697 EP 1711 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<1697:LESOIB>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 542YU UT WOS:000175074000005 ER PT J AU Blair, PL Witney, A Haynes, JD Moch, JK Carucci, DJ Adams, JH AF Blair, PL Witney, A Haynes, JD Moch, JK Carucci, DJ Adams, JH TI Transcripts of developmentally regulated Plasmodium falciparum genes quantified by real-time RT-PCR SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ERYTHROCYTE-BINDING-PROTEIN; MALARIA PARASITES; RODENT MALARIA; INVASION; MEROZOITES; ANTIGEN; FAMILY; LOCALIZATION; RECEPTOR; MICRONEMES AB Plasmodium falciparum intraerythrocytic development is a complex process. Development proceeds rapidly from the trophozoite phase of nutrient acquisition and growth through to the synthetic and reproductive schizont phase, which ends with production of new invasive merozoites. During this process, the malaria parasite must express a series of different gene products, depending on its metabolic and synthetic needs. We are particularly interested in the development of the merozoite's organelles in the apical complex, which form during the later schizont stages. We have used quantitative real-time RT-PCR fluorogenic 5' nuclease assays (TaqMan(R)) for the first time on malaria parasites for analysis of erythrocytic stage-specific gene expression. We analyzed transcripts of the P.falciparum eba-175 and other erythrocyte binding-like (eb l) family genes in temperature-synchronized parasites and found ebl genes have tightly controlled, stage-specific transcription. As expected, eba-175 transcripts were abundant only at the end of schizont development in a pattern most common among ebl, including baebl, pebl and jesebl. The maebl transcript pattern was unique, peaking at mid-late trophozoite stage, but absent in late-stage schizonts. ebl-1 demonstrated another pattern of expression, which peaked during mid-schizont stage and then significantly diminished in late-stage schizonts. Our analysis demonstrates that using real-time RT-PCR fluorogenic 5' nuclease assays is a sensitive, quantitative method for analysis of Plasmodium transcripts. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Adams, JH (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, POB 369, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Adams, John/G-1800-2015 OI Adams, John/0000-0003-3707-7979 FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI0703018, R29/R01 AI33656, R29 AI033656, R01 AI033656, R01 AI033656-07] NR 28 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2224 EP 2231 DI 10.1093/nar/30.10.2224 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 551YM UT WOS:000175591600014 PM 12000842 ER PT J AU Bayer, M Ortner, G Stern, O Kuther, A Gorbunov, AA Forchel, A Hawrylak, P Fafard, S Hinzer, K Reinecke, TL Walck, SN Reithmaier, JP Klopf, F Schafer, F AF Bayer, M Ortner, G Stern, O Kuther, A Gorbunov, AA Forchel, A Hawrylak, P Fafard, S Hinzer, K Reinecke, TL Walck, SN Reithmaier, JP Klopf, F Schafer, F TI Fine structure of neutral and charged excitons in self-assembled In(Ga)As/(Al)GaAs quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HOLE EXCHANGE INTERACTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ENERGY-LEVELS; FLUORESCENCE INTERMITTENCY; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; OPTICAL-SPECTRA; SPIN-FLIP; ELECTRON; GAAS AB The fine structure of excitons is studied by magnetophotoluminescence spectroscopy of single self-assembled In(Ga)As/(Al)GaAs quantum dots. Both strength and orientation of the magnetic field are varied. In a combination with a detailed theoretical analysis, these studies allow us to develop a comprehensive picture of the exciton fine structure. Symmetry of the dot structures as well as its breaking cause characteristic features in the optical spectra, which are determined by the electron-hole exchange and the Zeeman interaction of the carriers. The symmetry breaking is either inherent to the dot due to geometry asymmetries, or it can be obtained by applying a magnetic field with an orientation different from the dot symmetry axis. From data on spin splitting and on polarization of the emission we can identify neutral as well as charged exciton complexes. For dots with weakly broken symmetry, the angular momentum of the neutral exciton is no longer a good quantum number and the exchange interaction lifts degeneracies within the fine-structure manifold. The symmetry can be restored by a magnetic field due to the comparatively strong Zeeman interactions of electron and hole. For dots with a strongly broken symmetry, bright and dark excitons undergo a strong hybridization, as evidenced by pronounced anticrossings when states within the manifold are brought into resonance. The fine structure can no longer be described within the frame developed for structures of higher dimensionality. In particular, the hybridization cannot be broken magnetically. For charged excitons, the exchange interaction vanishes, demonstrating that the exchange splitting of a neutral exciton can be switched off by injecting an additional carrier. C1 Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON O1A R6, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. RP Univ Dortmund, Otto Hahn Str 4, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Reithmaier, Johann/G-8171-2012; OI Reithmaier, Johann/0000-0002-1974-8292; Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 114 TC 646 Z9 648 U1 16 U2 120 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 19 AR 195315 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.195315 PG 23 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 556QR UT WOS:000175860900085 ER PT J AU Erwin, SC Lee, SH Scheffler, M AF Erwin, SC Lee, SH Scheffler, M TI First-principles study of nucleation, growth, and interface structure of Fe/GaAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL SPIN INJECTION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FE FILMS; SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURE; HYBRID STRUCTURES; SCHOTTKY-BARRIER; GAAS(001); TRANSPORT; SURFACE; MAGNETOELECTRONICS AB We use density-functional theory to describe the initial stages of Fe film growth on GaAs(001), focusing on the interplay between chemistry and magnetism at the interface. Four features appear to be generic: (1) At submonolayer coverages, a strong chemical interaction between Fe and substrate atoms leads to substitutional adsorption and intermixing. (2) For films of several monolayers and more, atomically abrupt interfaces are energetically favored. (3) For Fe films over a range of thicknesses, both Ga and As adlayers dramatically reduce the formation energies of the films, suggesting a surfactantlike action. (4) During the first few monolayers of growth, Ga or As atoms are likely to be liberated from the interface and diffuse to the Fe film surface. Magnetism plays an important auxiliary role for these processes, even in the dilute limit of atomic adsorption. Most of the films exhibit ferromagnetic order even at half-monolayer coverage, while certain adlayer-capped films show a slight preference for antiferromagnetic order. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Computat Sci & Engn Ctr, Suwon 440600, South Korea. RP USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Lee, Sung-Hoon/A-9582-2011; Scheffler, Matthias/O-4649-2016 OI Lee, Sung-Hoon/0000-0002-8553-8007; NR 32 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 20 AR 205422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.205422 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 560DJ UT WOS:000176066600107 ER PT J AU Fall, CJ Blumenau, AT Jones, R Briddon, PR Frauenheim, T Gutierrez-Sosa, A Bangert, U Mora, AE Steeds, JW Butler, JE AF Fall, CJ Blumenau, AT Jones, R Briddon, PR Frauenheim, T Gutierrez-Sosa, A Bangert, U Mora, AE Steeds, JW Butler, JE TI Dislocations in diamond: Electron energy-loss spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND-A EMISSION; DIELECTRIC FUNCTION; THIN-FILMS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SEMICONDUCTORS; LDA AB Electron energy-loss (EEL) spectroscopy performed near dislocation cores is one of the few experimental techniques that can yield valuable information about the electronic levels associated with dislocations. In this study, we present experimental observations of low-loss EEL spectroscopy acquired on grain boundary dislocations in a CVD diamond film. We interpret these results using ab initio calculations, where we model low-loss and core-excitation EEL spectra acquired on various dislocation cores in diamond and compare them with bulk spectra. We consider in particular the 60degrees glide, 60degrees shuffle, and 1/2 [110] screw dislocations, as well as the 30degrees and 90degrees partial glide dislocations and a 90degrees shuffle vacancy structure. The simulations show the absence of deep gap states for the more stable partial dislocations but there are characteristic changes to the low-loss EEL spectrum in the 6-12 eV region. Such changes are consistent with experimental spectra acquired from grain boundary dislocations found in boron doped CVD diamond. C1 Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. Univ Paderborn, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Dept Phys, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. UMIST, Dept Phys, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fall, CJ (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Frauenheim, Thomas/C-5653-2015 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Frauenheim, Thomas/0000-0002-3073-0616 NR 27 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 20 AR 205206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.205206 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 560DJ UT WOS:000176066600052 ER PT J AU Merkulov, IA Efros, AL Rosen, M AF Merkulov, IA Efros, AL Rosen, M TI Electron spin relaxation by nuclei in semiconductor quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; FINE-STRUCTURE; GAAS; COHERENCE; WELLS; FIELD AB We have studied theoretically electron spin relaxation in semiconductor quantum dots via interaction with nuclear spins. The relaxation is shown to be determined by three processes: (i) the precession of the electron spin in the hyperfine field of the frozen fluctuation of the nuclear spins; (ii) the precession of the nuclear spins in the hyperfine field of the electron; and (iii) the precession of the nuclear spin in the dipole field of its nuclear neighbors. In external magnetic fields the relaxation of electron spins directed along the magnetic field is suppressed. Electron spins directed transverse to the magnetic field relax completely in a time on the order of the precession period of its spin in the field of the frozen fluctuation of the nuclear spins. Comparison with experiment shows that the hyperfine interaction with nuclei may be the dominant mechanism of electron spin relaxation in quantum dots. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Ioffe Inst, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Nanostruct Opt Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Merkulov, IA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Ioffe Inst, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. NR 27 TC 597 Z9 598 U1 5 U2 44 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 20 AR 205309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.205309 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 560DJ UT WOS:000176066600065 ER PT J AU Stievater, TH Li, XQ Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS Park, D AF Stievater, TH Li, XQ Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS Park, D TI Transient nonlinear spectroscopy of excitons and biexcitons in single quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TIME-RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY; FINE-STRUCTURE; RADIATIVE RECOMBINATION; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; STATES; WELLS; DYNAMICS; MICROCAVITIES; LIFETIMES AB Transient nonlinear spectroscopy is used to study excitons and biexcitons confined to single interface fluctuation quantum dots (QD's). Exciton lifetimes measured by this technique are found to be between 25 and 50 ps, depending on the QD studied. Biexciton binding energies and polarization selection rules agree with previous measurements from cw nonlinear spectroscopy, and biexciton lifetimes are found to be half of the exciton lifetime for the same quantum dot. The ability to perform transient nonlinear spectroscopy of excitons and biexcitons in single quantum dots is an important step towards the development of solid state quantum computing based on interacting excitons in quantum dots. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 20 AR 205319 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.205319 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 560DJ UT WOS:000176066600075 ER PT J AU Guerin, DC Hinshelwood, DD Monolache, S Denes, FS Shamamian, VA AF Guerin, DC Hinshelwood, DD Monolache, S Denes, FS Shamamian, VA TI Plasma polymerization of thin films: Correlations between plasma chemistry and thin film character SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID PULSED PLASMA; ACRYLIC-ACID; DEPOSITION; DISCHARGES; OXIDE; IONS AB Organic thin films were deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, using isopropyl alcohol as a precursor. The pulsed, inductively coupled plasma was characterized with in situ Langmuir probe measurements and mass spectrometry. We identify the key ionized species diffusing to the substrate and offer explanations as to how they are generated. The films were analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Correlations were observed between the plasma ion mass distributions and the oxidation state of the deposited carbon. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shamamian, VA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 14 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 10 BP 4118 EP 4123 DI 10.1021/la011566j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 550JR UT WOS:000175500300049 ER PT J AU Billings, L Spears, WM Schwartz, IB AF Billings, L Spears, WM Schwartz, IB TI A unified prediction of computer virus spread in connected networks SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE computer virus; Markov models; differential equation models ID SMALL-WORLD NETWORKS; PERCOLATION; EPIDEMICS AB We derive two models of viral epidemiology on connected networks and compare results to simulations. The differential equation model easily predicts the expected long term behavior by defining a boundary between survival and extinction regions. The discrete Markov model captures the short term behavior dependent on initial conditions, providing extinction probabilities and the fluctuations around the expected behavior. These analysis techniques provide new insight on the persistence of computer viruses and what strategies should be devised for their control. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Comp Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USN, Res Lab, Nonlinear Dynam Syst Sect, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Billings, L (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 15 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD MAY 13 PY 2002 VL 297 IS 3-4 BP 261 EP 266 AR PII S0375-9601(02)00152-4 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(02)00152-4 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 558CU UT WOS:000175949100020 ER PT J AU Winebarger, AR Updike, AC Reeves, KK AF Winebarger, AR Updike, AC Reeves, KK TI Correlating transition region explosive events with extreme-ultraviolet brightenings SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : corona ID CORONAL EXPLORER; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; MAGNETIC NETWORK; SUMER TELESCOPE; SOLAR CORONA; QUIET SUN; MICROFLARES; NANOFLARES; SPECTROMETER; ATMOSPHERE AB Frequent small-scale reconnection events have been proposed as a possible mechanism to heat the solar corona. It has not yet been demonstrated, however, that the smallest reconnection events can heat the plasma to coronal temperatures. In this Letter, we use explosive events in the spectral line C IV lambda1548 observed by the Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation instrument flown aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory to locate areas of reconnection in Active Region 8536 on 1999 May 13. We then examine coaligned Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) 171 Angstrom images for a response to the reconnection. We find that short-term (<5 minute) fluctuations are on average 2.2 times larger in regions of reconnection than in comparison (nonevent) regions. These fluctuations are statistically significant (3 σ above the mean intensity fluctuation in the nonevent regions) in 35% of the reconnection regions. We find two possible explanations for the 171 &ANGS; intensity fluctuations: (1) the explosive event plasma could be heated to 1 MK, or (2) the emission measure of the O vi λ172 line could increase because of a surge of transition region material that would, in turn, increase the 171 &ANGS; intensity. The latter explanation would imply that not all transient brightenings in the TRACE data are associated with plasma at coronal temperatures. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Smith Coll, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. RP Winebarger, AR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7673W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 570 IS 2 BP L105 EP L108 DI 10.1086/341121 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 550WM UT WOS:000175527500014 ER PT J AU Echard, R Chang, SC AF Echard, R Chang, SC TI Deterministic pi-rotation low-density parity check codes SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB An ensemble of 'pi-rotation' law-density parity check, codes, extending the mutt in previously reported work by a different team of authors, is introduced, The key features of these codes are a deterministic matrix based on a single permutation vector defined by three integers, good performance with the proper choice of integers and simple circuit implementation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Echard, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAY 9 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 10 BP 464 EP 465 DI 10.1049/el:20020305 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 554ZY UT WOS:000175768300017 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM Puri, P AF Jordan, PM Puri, P TI Exact solutions for the unsteady plane Couette flow of a dipolar fluid SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE back flow; dipolar fluid; instant steady state; jump discontinuity; Laplace transform; Rivlin-Ericksen fluid ID NONCLASSICAL HEAT-CONDUCTION; NON-NEWTONIAN SYSTEM; UNBOUNDED CHANNEL; VISCOUS FLUIDS; 2ND GRADE; REGULARIZATION; UNIQUENESS; MECHANICS; EXISTENCE; STABILITY AB The Laplace transform is used to determine two forms of the exact solution for the unsteady, isothermal, one-dimensional plane Couette flow of an incompressible dipolar fluid set in motion by the sudden acceleration from rest of the top plate. The solutions are found for arbitrary values of the dipolar constants d (greater than or equal to 0) and I (> 0). In considering special/limiting cases of the dipolar constants, exact solutions are also determined for Rivlin-Ericksen fluids, fluids with couple stresses, and viscous Newtonian fluids. Specifically, steady-state development time, mass flux and the skin-friction coefficient are determined for all fluid types. The results obtained are then compared with those of dipolar fluids. The influence of the dipolar constants and the other physical parameters on the velocity field is also examined, as well as the effects of start-stop plate motion. Most significantly, it is shown that when d > 0 the velocity field suffers a jump discontinuity on start-up, a transient back-flow condition is possible when I > d, and for special values of the physical parameters the flow instantly attains a steady state. Lastly, numerical results are presented graphically, conclusions are stated and closing remarks follow. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Math, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 46 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 EI 1471-2946 J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 458 IS 2021 BP 1245 EP 1272 PG 28 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 548NV UT WOS:000175395300013 ER PT J AU Armistead, JP Hoffman, JD AF Armistead, JP Hoffman, JD TI Direct evidence of regimes I, II, and III in linear polyethylene fractions as revealed by spherulite growth rates SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MELT-CRYSTALLIZED POLYMERS; ONE-DIMENSIONAL GROWTH; FREE ENERGY-SIGMA; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MONTE-CARLO; CHAIN; KINETICS AB Isothermal spherulite growth rates were measured over a sufficient range of undercoolings, DeltaT, for a narrow linear polyethylene fraction M = 70 300 (70.3K), polydispersity 1.12, such that the fraction exhibited all three growth regimes as crystallized from the subcooled melt. The I-II transition occurred at DeltaT(I-II) = 15.8 degreesC and the II-III transition at DeltaT(II-III) = 23.8 degreesC. (Neither transition was fully abrupt.) The nucleation constants K-g and preexponential factors G(0) that described the absolute growth rates for each regime were determined, thus quantifying key parameters for all three regimes for a single specimen measured in the same apparatus. The K-g's for 70.3K conformed to the predicted relationship K-g(III) congruent to K-g(I) = 2K(g(II)). Theoretical relationships for the preexponential factors were employed using the observed Go's to investigate the nature of the transport of chain segments to the growth front. It was reconfirmed that this process was forced "near-ideal" reptation for an M congruent to 30K fraction. For M = 70.3K. it was found that the reptational transport mechanism in regimes II and III was perturbed and thereby slowed beyond that attributable to "near-ideal" forced reptation; the additional retardation was taken to be the result of labile chain attachments on a surface some distance from the site where the dangling chain was being drawn onto the substrate. In another test, the expression S-k/a(0). for the stem separation between primary surface nuclei in regime II was employed to calculate DeltaT(I-II) and DeltaT(II-III). This was successful for both M congruent to 30K (near-ideal reptation) and M = 70.3K (perturbed reptation). In this test, earlier estimates of quantities of importance to nucleation theory, such as C-0, n(III), and the substrate length L, were found to be either identical or only slightly modified. The treatment leads to satisfactory numerical estimates of the absolute substrate completion rate g and the nucleation rate i, and is consistent with the crystal morphology present in melt-crystallized PE, including the lenticular crystal --> truncated lozenge transformation associated with the I --> II regime transition. In general, this work provides significant additional support for the "three regime" concept in narrow PE fractions crystallized from the melt through a consideration of nucleation, regime, and reptation concepts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 7 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 10 BP 3895 EP 3913 DI 10.1021/ma010313u PG 19 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 548FU UT WOS:000175378600020 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ Mazin, II AF Singh, DJ Mazin, II TI Competition of spin fluctuations and phonons in superconductivity of ZrZn2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETISM AB It has long been suspected that spin fluctuations in ZrZn2 may lead to a triplet superconductivity. We point out another possibility, an inhomogeneous singlet (Fulde-Ferrell) state. We calculated the electronic structure, as well as the zone center phonons and their coupling with electrons. We find that the exchange splitting is nonuniform and the Fermi surface exhibits substantial nesting. Both factors favor a Fulde-Ferrell state at parts of the Fermi surface. We find a substantial coupling of Zr rattling modes with electrons, which can provide the necessary pairing in the s-channel. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 14 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 18 AR 187004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.187004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 544ZQ UT WOS:000175192100046 PM 12005714 ER PT J AU Gilardi, R Tang, D Eaton, PE AF Gilardi, R Tang, D Eaton, PE TI 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9-Octachlorotricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6])deca-4,8-diene-3,10-diol SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gilardi@nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD MAY PY 2002 VL 58 BP o562 EP o564 DI 10.1107/S1600536802006992 PN 5 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 546XW UT WOS:000175302500068 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR Flippen-Anderson, JL George, C AF Deschamps, JR Flippen-Anderson, JL George, C TI Sodium 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonate monohydrate SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD MAY PY 2002 VL 58 BP M167 EP M168 DI 10.1107/S160053680200541X PN 5 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 546XW UT WOS:000175302500005 ER PT J AU Smith, PA Kluchinsky, TA Savage, PB Erickson, RP Lee, AP Williams, K Stevens, M Thomas, RJ AF Smith, PA Kluchinsky, TA Savage, PB Erickson, RP Lee, AP Williams, K Stevens, M Thomas, RJ TI Traditional sampling with laboratory analysis and solid phase microextraction sampling with field gas chromatography/mass spectrometry by military industrial hygienists SO AIHAJ LA English DT Article DE field analysis; gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; military personnel; sampling; solid phase microextraction AB The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the United States Department of Defense or the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Rapid on-site detection and identification of environmental contaminants to which personnel may be exposed is often needed during military deployment situations. The availability of military industrial hygienists with capabilities for "complete" on-site exposure assessment of chemical species should allow detection and identification of a number of important stressors almost immediately following sample collection. Portable gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) provides a rapid and efficient separation of volatile and semivolatile organic analytes, accompanied by sensitive electron impact ionization-mass spectrometry (EI-MS) detection. The use of GC/MS in the field is limited, however, by equipment cost, complexity of the equipment, and the analytical process. Additionally, a skilled operator is needed to obtain useful separations and to interpret mass spectral data. To demonstrate benefits and limitations of "complete" exposure assessment capabilities, a previously unidentified complex mixture, produced by thermal dispersion of riot control agents, was examined. Established active sampling methods were used with laboratory analyses. Solid phase microextraction, a passive sampling method that simplifies preparation for GC/MS analysis, also was used with a field-portable GC/MS system. Both sampling/analysis methods were used to detect CS riot control agent-derived air contaminants dispersed from riot control type canisters through oxidizer-supported combustion of a chemical fuel. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biochem & Chem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 2, Norfolk, VA USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Lab Directorate, Edgewood, MD USA. RP Smith, PA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Smith, Philip/A-6835-2009 OI Smith, Philip/0000-0003-3787-9111 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHAJ JI AIHAJ PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 63 IS 3 BP 284 EP 292 DI 10.1080/15428110208984715 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 563JN UT WOS:000176252700005 PM 12173177 ER PT J AU Fleck, RJ Pacharn, P Fricke, BL Ziegler, MA Cotton, RT Donnelly, LF AF Fleck, RJ Pacharn, P Fricke, BL Ziegler, MA Cotton, RT Donnelly, LF TI Imaging findings in pediatric patients with persistent airway symptoms after surgery for double aortic arch SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VASCULAR TRACHEOBRONCHIAL COMPRESSION; ANOMALIES; CHILDREN; CT AB OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to review the imaging findings of children referred for cross-sectional imaging to evaluate persistent airway symptoms after surgical therapy for double aortic arch. CONCLUSION. Airway narrowing is clearly shown on cross-sectional imaging in patients with persistent airway symptoms after surgical therapy for double aortic arch. Two patterns of airway compression are typically seen: narrowing of the trachea at the level of the postsurgical arch and narrowing of the left main bronchus as a result of compression from a midline descending aorta. Both patterns may be seen in patients regardless of whether the left or the right arch has been ligated. C1 Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Otolaryngol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. RP Donnelly, LF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 178 IS 5 BP 1275 EP 1279 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 543AA UT WOS:000175077200042 PM 11959745 ER PT J AU Osbahr, DC Cannon, DL Speer, KP AF Osbahr, DC Cannon, DL Speer, KP TI Retroversion of the humerus in the throwing shoulder of college baseball pitchers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEAD RETROVERSION; BIOMECHANICS; PLAYERS; ARM AB Background: Increased external rotation and decreased internal rotation have been noted to occur progressively in the throwing shoulder of baseball pitchers. Hypothesis: Proximal remodeling of the humerus contributes to the rotational asymmetry between shoulders in pitchers. Study Design: Descriptive anatomic study. Methods: Both shoulders of 19 male college baseball pitchers were evaluated and retroversion of the humerus calculated by using the technique of Soderlund et al. Measurements were taken of passive glenohumeral external rotation at 0degrees and 90degrees of abduction and internal rotation at 90degrees of abduction under a 3.5-kg load. Subjects completed a questionnaire on the amount and duration of overhead throwing performed during the ages 8 through 16 years. Results: All of the subjects had greater external rotation at 0degrees and 90degrees of abduction, decreased internal rotation at 90degrees of abduction, and greater retroversion of the humerus in their dominant compared with nondominant shoulders. A significant difference was found between dominant and nondominant external rotation at 0degrees and 90degrees of abduction, internal rotation at 90degrees of abduction, and retroversion of the humerus. In the dominant arm, there was a significant correlation between retroversion of the humerus and external rotation at 0degrees and 90degrees of abduction. There was also a significant correlation between the side-to-side difference in retroversion of the humerus compared with the side-to-side difference in external rotation at 90degrees of abduction. Conclusions: Rotational changes in the throwing shoulder are due to bony as well as soft tissue adaptations. C1 SE Orthoped Sports Med & Shoulder Ctr, Raleigh, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Sect Sports Med,Div Orthopaed Surg, Coach Michael W Krzyzewski Human Performance Res, Durham, NC USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Speer, KP (reprint author), SE Orthoped Sports Med & Shoulder Ctr, 3404 Wake Forest Rd,Suite 101, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 22 TC 146 Z9 149 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 347 EP 353 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 554MJ UT WOS:000175739400007 PM 12016074 ER PT J AU Petroni, KC Cohen, NH AF Petroni, KC Cohen, NH TI Continuous renal replacement therapy: Anesthetic implications SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Review ID CONTINUOUS ARTERIOVENOUS HEMOFILTRATION; CONTINUOUS VENOVENOUS HEMOFILTRATION; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-FAILURE; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; CARDIAC-SURGERY; SEPTIC SHOCK; SHORT-TERM; HIGH-RISK; HEMODIAFILTRATION C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Petroni, KC (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept, KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 94 IS 5 BP 1288 EP 1297 DI 10.1097/00000539-200205000-00044 PG 10 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 546QH UT WOS:000175284500045 PM 11973206 ER PT J AU Paine, GF Kochan, JJ AF Paine, GF Kochan, JJ TI Failure of the chain-link mechanism of the Ohmeda Excel 210 anesthesia machine SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Letter ID OHMEDA-EXCEL-210 C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Paine, GF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 94 IS 5 BP 1374 EP 1374 DI 10.1097/00000539-200205000-00080 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 546QH UT WOS:000175284500081 PM 11973234 ER PT J AU Neta, B Reich, S Victory, HD AF Neta, B Reich, S Victory, HD TI Galerkin spectral synthesis methods for diffusion equations with general boundary conditions SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB An existence and uniqueness theory is developed for the energy dependent, steady state neutron diffusion equation with inhomogeneous oblique boundary conditions imposed. Also, a convergence theory is developed for the Galerkin spectral synthesis approximations which arise when trial functions depending only on energy are utilized. The diffusion coefficient, the total and scattering cross-sectional data are all assumed to be both spatially and energy dependent. Interior interfaces defined by spatial discontinuities in the cross-section data are assumed present. Our estimates are in a Sobolev-type norm, and our results show that the spectral synthesis approximations are optimal in the sense of being of the same order as the error generated by the best approximation to the actual solution from the subspace to which the spectral synthesis approximations belong. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Math, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Code MA-Nd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD MAY PY 2002 VL 29 IS 8 BP 913 EP 927 AR PII S0306-4549(01)00088-3 DI 10.1016/S0306-4549(01)00088-3 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 525QL UT WOS:000174082400002 ER PT J AU Cording, MA Engelbrecht-Zadvorny, EB Pettit, BJ Eastham, JH Sandoval, R AF Cording, MA Engelbrecht-Zadvorny, EB Pettit, BJ Eastham, JH Sandoval, R TI Development of a pharmacist-managed lipid clinic SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE cholesterol; drug monitoring; referral and consultation ID PRAVASTATIN; PROTOCOL; THERAPY; GOALS AB OBJECTIVE: To describe the development of a pharmacist-managed lipid clinic within a primary care medical clinic and review its results after approximately 12 months of operation. METHODS: A pharmacist-managed lipid clinic was developed at Naval Medical Center San Diego. Administrative background, treatment algorithm development, operational issues, clinical activities, and barriers to the clinic are discussed. For intermediate outcomes, data from patients who had at least 1 intervention by the pharmacist and 1 follow-up lipid panel were analyzed for medication use, changes in lipid parameters, and percent reaching the low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) target goal. Modified National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel 11 guidelines were used to determine the LDL goal. RESULTS: Following approximately 12 months of operation, the clinic received 204 referrals and consisted of 146 active patients. A brief study was conducted to assess clinical outcomes. Of 115 patients who were seen in the clinic and met inclusion criteria, 57% were receiving treatment with a hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin) and 17% were receiving fibrates; 17% of the patients were not receiving lipid-lowering medications. Relative to baseline, LDL cholesterol concentrations decreased 20%, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol increased 11%, and triglycerides decreased 19%. Overall, LDL goals were reached in 77% of the patients. LDL goals were attained by 63%, 79%, and 93% of patients with targets of <100, <130, and <160 mg/dL, respectively. Results are compared with other studies regarding lipid goal attainment. CONCLUSIONS: A pharmacist-managed lipid clinic can be developed and integrated into a primary care medical clinic. Pharmacists can effectively manage lipid-lowering therapy, helping to achieve LDL goals. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Western Univ Hlth Sci, Coll Pharm, Pomona, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Cardiac Risk Serv, Lakewood, CO USA. USN, Hosp Camp Pendleton, Dept Pharm, Oceanside, CA USA. RP Cording, MA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 36 IS 5 BP 892 EP 904 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 548QM UT WOS:000175400200023 PM 11978169 ER PT J AU Karle, JM Karle, IL AF Karle, JM Karle, IL TI Crystal structure of (-)-mefloquine hydrochloride reveals consistency of configuration with biological activity SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ABSOLUTE STEREOCHEMISTRY; ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY; CINCHONA ALKALOIDS; MEFLOQUINE; MALARIA; PLASMA; QUINIDINE; INVITRO AB The absolute configuration of (-)-mefloquine has been established as 11R,12S by X-ray crystallography of the hydrochloride salt, thus allowing comparison of the configuration of mefloquine's optical isomers to those of quinine and quinidine. (-)-Mefloquine has the same stereochemistry as quinine, and (+)-mefloquine has the same stereochemistry as quinidine. Since (+)-mefloquine is more potent than (-)-mefloquine in vitro against the D6 and W2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum and quinidine is more potent than quinine, a common stereochemical component for antimalarial activity is implicated. The crystal of (-)-mefloquine hydrochloride contained four different conformations which mainly differ in a small rotation of the piperidine ring. These conformations are essentially the same as the crystalline conformations of racemic mefloquine methylsulfonate monohydrate, mefloquine hydrochloride, and mefloquine free base. The crystallographic parameters for (-)mefloquine hydrochloride hydrate were as follows: C17H17F6N2O+Cl- (.) 0.25 H2O; M-r, 419.3; symmetry of unit cell, orthorhombic space group, P2(1)2(1)2(1); parameters of unit cell, a = 12.6890 +/- 0.0006 Angstrom (1 Angstrom = 0.1 nm), b = 18.9720 +/- 0.0009 Angstrom, c = 32.189 +/- 0.017 Angstrom; volume of unit cell, 7,749 +/- 4 Angstrom(3); number of molecules per unit cell, 16; calculated density, 1.44 g cm(-3); source of radiation, Cu Kalpha (lambda = 1.54178 Angstrom); mu (absorption coefficient), 2.373 mm(-1); room temperature was used; final R-1 (residual index), 0.0874 for 3,692 reflections with intensities greater than 2sigma. All of the hydroxyl and amine hydrogen atoms participate in intermolecular hydrogen bonds with chloride ions. The orientation of the amine and hydroxyl groups in (+)-mefloquine may define the optimal geometry for hydrogen bonding with cellular constituents. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Med Chem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Karle, JM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Med Chem, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1529 EP 1534 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.5.1529-1534.2002 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 543KH UT WOS:000175100800052 PM 11959592 ER PT J AU McCoskey, SK AF McCoskey, SK TI Convergence in Sub-Saharan Africa: a nonstationary panel data approach SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID ECONOMIC-GROWTH; CROSS-SECTION; COINTEGRATION; EMPIRICS AB Given the development of time series econometrics and nonstationary data analysis, St. Aubyn (Empirical Economics, 24, 23-44, 1999) demonstrates a new paradigm for testing income convergence, or better defined, income stability, namely testing the stationarity of pair-wise income differentials. In this paper, a panel data set of Sub-Saharan African countries is constructed and panel cointegration and unit root tests are used to investigate the convergence properties of incomes and standards of living within Africa. Overall, little evidence is found to substantiate claims of convergence across Africa, although in some cases, smaller convergence clubs within Africa may be found. In addition the use of nonstationary panel data techniques is proposed for the testing and establishing of coherent convergence clubs. C1 Univ Pretoria, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McCoskey, SK (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE PI HANTS PA CUSTOMER SERVICES DEPT, RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS RG24 8PR, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 34 IS 7 BP 819 EP 829 DI 10.1080/00036840110061668 PG 11 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 541CR UT WOS:000174968100002 ER PT J AU Sae-Lao, B Bajt, SA Montcalm, C Seely, JF AF Sae-Lao, B Bajt, SA Montcalm, C Seely, JF TI Performance of normal-incidence molybdenum-yttrium multilayer-coated diffraction grating at a wavelength of 9 nm SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-INCIDENCE EFFICIENCY; SOFT-X-RAY; REGION; MIRRORS AB The first experimental investigation of a normal-incidence Mo-Y multilayer-coated diffraction grating operating at a 9-nm wavelength is reported. The substrate is a replica of a concave holographic ion-etched blazed grating with 2400 grooves/mm and a 2-m radius of curvature. The measured peak efficiency in the -3 order is 2.7% at a wavelength of 8.79 nm. To our knowledge, this is the highest normal-incidence grating efficiency ever obtained in this wavelength region. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sae-Lao, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-395, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM saelao@llnl.gov RI Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 13 BP 2394 EP 2400 DI 10.1364/AO.41.002394 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 547TF UT WOS:000175347500003 PM 12009147 ER PT J AU Berrington, RC Lugger, PM Cohn, HN AF Berrington, RC Lugger, PM Cohn, HN TI The dynamics of the merging galaxy cluster system A2256: Evidence for a new subcluster SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual (A2256) ID X-RAY; RICH CLUSTERS; SUBSTRUCTURE; VELOCITIES; ABELL-2256; SCALE; TESTS AB We present 236 new radial velocities of galaxies in the cluster A2256 measured with the WIYN Hydra Multi-Object Spectrograph. Combined with the previous work of Fabricant, Kent, & Kurtz, we have velocities for a total of 319 galaxies, of which 277 are cluster members. In addition to the new radial velocities, we present a 3 x 3 image mosaic in the R band of the central 19' x 19' region of A2256, from which we obtained photometry for 861 galaxies. These data provide strong evidence for a merger event between two groups. In addition, we present evidence for the presence of a third group, on the outer reaches of the system, that is just now beginning to merge with the system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Berrington, RC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7653,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 123 IS 5 BP 2261 EP 2279 DI 10.1086/339840 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547AZ UT WOS:000175311200008 ER PT J AU Palen, S Balick, B Hajian, AR Terzian, Y Bond, HE Panagia, N AF Palen, S Balick, B Hajian, AR Terzian, Y Bond, HE Panagia, N TI Hubble Space Telescope expansion parallaxes of the planetary nebulae NGC 6578, NGC 6884, NGC 6891, and IC 2448 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary nebulae : general ID STATISTICAL DISTANCE SCALE; EVOLUTION; CATALOG; HIPPARCOS; FLUXES AB We have combined two epochs of Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 imaging data with ground-based expansion velocities to determine distances to three planetary nebulae (NGC 6578, NGC 6884, and IC 2448). We used two variants of the expansion parallax technique a gradient method and a magnification method-to determine the distances. The results from the two methods agree to within the errors. A fourth nebula was included in the study (NGC 6891), but the expansion was too small to determine the distance, and only a lower limit was obtained. This is the second paper in a series that will examine at least 24 nebulae in total. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Palen, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Phys Astron Bldg,Stevens Way,Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM palen@astro.washington.edu; balick@astro.washington.edu; hajian@usno.navy.mil; terzian@astrosun.astro.cornell.edu; bond@stsci.edu; panagia@stsci.edu NR 29 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 123 IS 5 BP 2666 EP 2675 DI 10.1086/339838 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547AZ UT WOS:000175311200035 ER PT J AU Fabricius, C Makarov, VV Knude, J Wycoff, GL AF Fabricius, C Makarov, VV Knude, J Wycoff, GL TI Henry Draper catalogue identifications for Tycho-2 stars SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : fundamental parameters; catalogs AB We present identifications in the Tycho-2 Catalogue, for 99.8 per cent of the stars in the Henry Draper Catalogue and for 96 per cent of the Henry Draper Extensions. C1 Copenhagen Univ Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20024 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Fabricius, C (reprint author), Copenhagen Univ Observ, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. OI Fabricius, Claus/0000-0003-2639-1372; Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 386 IS 2 BP 709 EP 710 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20020249 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 543YX UT WOS:000175132400031 ER PT J AU Szapudi, I Frieman, JA Scoccimarro, R Szalay, AS Connolly, AJ Dodelson, S Eisenstein, DJ Gunn, JE Johnston, D Kent, S Loveday, J Meiksin, A Nichol, RC Scranton, R Stebbins, A Vogeley, MS Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkman, J Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Ivezic, Z Kim, RSJ Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Munn, J Peoples, J Pier, J Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG AF Szapudi, I Frieman, JA Scoccimarro, R Szalay, AS Connolly, AJ Dodelson, S Eisenstein, DJ Gunn, JE Johnston, D Kent, S Loveday, J Meiksin, A Nichol, RC Scranton, R Stebbins, A Vogeley, MS Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkman, J Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Ivezic, Z Kim, RSJ Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Munn, J Peoples, J Pier, J Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG TI Higher order moments of the angular distribution of galaxies from early Sloan Digital Sky Survey data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; large-scale structure of universe ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; EXPERIMENTAL COSMIC STATISTICS; 3-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTION; GAUSSIAN INITIAL CONDITIONS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; REDSHIFT SURVEY; CONSTRAINTS; BIAS; APM; SKEWNESS AB We present initial results for counts in cell statistics of the angular distribution of galaxies in early data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We analyze a rectangular stripe 2.degrees5 wide, covering approximately 160 deg(2), containing over 10(6) galaxies in the apparent magnitude range 18 < r' 0 < 22, with areas of bad seeing, contamination from bright stars, ghosts, and high galactic extinction masked out. This survey region, which forms part of the SDSS early data release, is the same as that for which two-point angular clustering statistics have recently been computed. The third and fourth moments of the cell counts, s(3) (skewness) and s(4) (kurtosis), constitute the most accurate measurements to date of these quantities (for r' < 21) over angular scales 0.degrees 015-0.degrees 3. They display the approximate hierarchical scaling expected from nonlinear structure formation models and are in reasonable agreement with the predictions of Lambda-dominated cold dark matter models with galaxy biasing that suppresses higher order correlations at small scales. The results are, in general, consistent with previous measurements in the APM, EDSGC, and Deeprange surveys. These results suggest that the SDSS imaging data are free of systematics to a high degree and will therefore enable determination of the skewness and kurtosis to 1% and less then 10%, as predicted earlier. C1 Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 113, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Univ, Sch Sci, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Szapudi, I (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 55 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 570 IS 1 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1086/339574 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547AG UT WOS:000175309300006 ER PT J AU Titarchuk, L Shaposhnikov, N AF Titarchuk, L Shaposhnikov, N TI Three type I X-ray bursts from Cygnus X-2: Application of analytical models for neutron star mass and radius determination SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; radiative transfer; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (Cygnus X-2); stars : neutron; X-rays : bursts ID OSCILLATIONS; EXPANSION AB We study the spectral and temporal properties of three type I X-ray bursts observed from Cygnus X-2 with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer. Despite the short time durations (similar to5 s), these bursts show a radial expansion on the order of several neutron star (NS) radii. We apply the analytical models of spectral formation during the expansion and contraction stages to derive physical conditions for the matter in the burning zone close to the surface of the NS as well as to derive the NS's mass-radius relation. Our results, combined with statistical errors, show that the central object is a compact star with a mass of 1.4 M. and a radius of similar to9 km. Our results favor the softer equation of state for NS matter. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Titarchuk, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Sch Computat Sci, Room 103,Sci & Technol I, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 570 IS 1 BP L25 EP L28 DI 10.1086/340834 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547AN UT WOS:000175309900007 ER PT J AU Hegg, DA Gao, S Jonsson, H AF Hegg, DA Gao, S Jonsson, H TI Measurements of selected dicarboxylic acids in marine cloud water SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aerosols; dicarboxylic acids; activation ID AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; POLAR COMPOUNDS; AEROSOLS; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; DROPLETS; SULFATE AB Measurements of selected dicarboxylic acid concentrations in cloud water from marine stratocumulus off of the central California coast are reported. The concentrations are consistent with previously reported concentrations in marine aerosols and suggest at least a partial anthropogenic origin. The concentrations were not sufficient to impact cloud drop activation and thus provide no support for an effect on cloud albedo, though such an effect cannot be ruled out in other circumstances. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Hegg, DA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 31 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 10 AR PII S0169-8095(02)00023-6 DI 10.1016/S0169-8095(02)00023-6 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 557DP UT WOS:000175892700001 ER PT J AU Appell, M Dunn, WJ Reith, MEA Miller, L Flippen-Anderson, JL AF Appell, M Dunn, WJ Reith, MEA Miller, L Flippen-Anderson, JL TI An analysis of the binding of cocaine analogues to the monoamine transporters using tensor decomposition 3-D QSAR SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACID METHYL-ESTERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LIGAND-BINDING; FIELD ANALYSIS; FORCE-FIELD; COMFA; CONFORMATION; INHIBITORS; SYSTEM; SHAPE AB The conformation and alignment of cocaine analogues bound to the monoamine transporter proteins were explored using the tensor decomposition 3-D QSAR method. It is proposed from these calculations that the bound conformation of these ligands to the three transporter proteins has the 3beta-aryl substituent in a conformation in which the aryl group is orthogonal or approximately orthogonal to the tropane ring. Based on these results, rigid and semi-rigid tropane analogues were designed, synthesized and their affinities for the monoamine transporters were determined. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Med Chem & Pharmacognosy, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Biomed & Therapeut Sci, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. Pharmacia, Skokie, IL 60077 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Med Chem & Pharmacognosy, 833 S Wood, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1197 EP 1206 AR PII S0968-0896(01)00389-3 DI 10.1016/S0968-0896(01)00389-3 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 539HX UT WOS:000174865400001 PM 11886784 ER PT J AU Thoman, DS AF Thoman, DS TI Randomized clinical trial comparing suture and mesh repair of umbilical hernia in adults SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 USN Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Thoman, DS (reprint author), USN Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0007-1323 J9 BRIT J SURG JI Br. J. Surg. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 89 IS 5 BP 627 EP 627 PG 1 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 544VU UT WOS:000175183000027 PM 12019507 ER PT J AU Foos, EE Snow, AW Twigg, ME Ancona, MG AF Foos, EE Snow, AW Twigg, ME Ancona, MG TI Thiol-terminated Di-, Tri-, and tetraethylene oxide functionalized gold nanoparticles: A water-soluble, charge-neutral cluster SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSING APPLICATIONS; STABILIZED METAL-CLUSTERS; EXCHANGE REACTIONS; COLLOID SCIENCE; MONOLAYERS; FIELD; MICROELECTRONICS; SUPERSTRUCTURES; CONDUCTIVITY; MOLECULES AB A series of gold nanoclusters stabilized by ligands containing short ethylene oxide oligomers of fixed length were prepared and characterized. The thiols CH3(OCH2CH2)(n)SH (where n = 2, 3, and 4) were substituted onto the surface of 1.8-nm hexanethiol-capped gold clusters by a thiol-exchange reaction, and the resulting nanoclusters were characterized by NMR, FTIR, and UV/vis spectroscopies; TGA; and TEM analysis. A degree of ligand exchange greater than 99% was achieved, and the gold core diameter remained unchanged in the final material. Of particular interest, the cluster with n = 2 was water-insoluble, whereas those with n = 3 or 4 were water-soluble. The thin-film electrical conductivities of these clusters were compared with those of alkanethiol-capped clusters of similar chain lengths and found to be roughly 1 order of magnitude greater. In a chemical vapor sensor configuration, this series of clusters displayed strong electrical responses that showed a correlation between the length of the ethylene oxide ligand and the polarity of the vapor. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Foos, EE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 41 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 14 IS 5 BP 2401 EP 2408 DI 10.1021/cm020007a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 555JC UT WOS:000175790100069 ER PT J AU Li, RF You, XB Chu, P AF Li, RF You, XB Chu, P TI Summertime subtropical countercurrent on isopycnals in the western North Pacific SO CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE P-vector method; isopycnals; Subtropical Countercurrent AB Circulations on isopycnals (sigma(theta)) in the western North Pacific were investigated by using P-vector method; the data were taken from the U.S. Navy's climatological temperature and salinity dataset (public domain) with 1/2degrees x 1/2degrees resolution. Results not only show the main circulation systems on isopycnals in the western North Pacific such as the North Equatorial Current (NEC), Kuroshio and Kuroshio Countercurrent, but also reveal the Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) clearly. In this note we pay attention to discussing the distribution of STCC in summer (in June). The STCC flows eastward along a winding road; on shallow isopycnals, the STCC originates from the area east of Bashi Strait at about 122.5degreesE; with the isopycnals increasing, the origin and flow core of STCC move to north and east, but the main part of STCC is still between 18degrees and 23.5degreesN, i.e. near the Tropic of Cancer. There exists STCC on all isopycnals between the sea surface and 25.8 sigma(theta). The current vectors of STCC on isopycnals are shown for the first time, and the distribution of the potential vorticity indicates that STCC is just overlying the southern boundary of the Subtropical Mode Water (STMW). C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Li, RF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-6538 J9 CHINESE SCI BULL JI Chin. Sci. Bull. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 47 IS 9 BP 786 EP 789 DI 10.1360/02tb9177 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 541JF UT WOS:000174980900018 ER PT J AU Moss, RB Wallace, MR Steigbigel, RT Morrison, SA Giermakowska, WK Nardo, CJ Diveley, JP Carlo, DJ AF Moss, RB Wallace, MR Steigbigel, RT Morrison, SA Giermakowska, WK Nardo, CJ Diveley, JP Carlo, DJ TI Predictors of HIV-specific lymphocyte proliferative immune responses induced by therapeutic vaccination SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lymphocyte proliferation; HIV-1; CD4; viral load; IgG ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CONTROLLED TRIAL; RECOMBINANT GP160; INFECTION; IMMUNIZATION; ACTIVATION; VACCINES; ADULTS AB We treated a cohort of 38 HIV-infected individuals with a therapeutic vaccine (REMUNE, HIV-1 Immunogen) in an open label study. We then determined whether baseline parameters, such as CD4 cell count, viral load and IgG levels, were predictive of the magnitude of the HIV-specific lymphocyte proliferative responses (LPRs). We demonstrate herein that there is a significant enhancement from baseline for both HIV and p24 antigen-stimulated LPRs after immunization. Using a responder definition of a stimulation index of >5 on at least two post-immunization time-points, 29/38 (76%) responded to HIV-1 antigen while 27/38 (71%) responded to native p24 antigen. Viral load and total IgG were negatively correlated, while CD4 cell counts were positively associated with the magnitude of the HIV antigen LPR. In a multivariable analysis, baseline CD4 was the best predictor of HIV antigen LPR post-immunization. C1 Immune Response Corp, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. USN Hosp, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Moss, RB (reprint author), Immune Response Corp, 3935 Darwin Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 128 IS 2 BP 359 EP 364 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01835.x PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 577UB UT WOS:000177079400023 PM 11985528 ER PT J AU Whitford, DJ AF Whitford, DJ TI Teaching ocean wave forecasting using computer-generated visualization and animation - Part 1: sea forecasting SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE wave dynamics; oceanography; education; wave height; MATLAB (R) ID STUDENTS; WORDS AB Ocean waves are the most recognized phenomena in oceanography. Unfortunately, undergraduate study of ocean wave dynamics and forecasting involves mathematics and physics and therefore can pose difficulties with some students because of the subject's interrelated dependence on time and space. Verbal descriptions and two-dimensional illustrations are often insufficient for student comprehension. Computer-generated visualization and animation offer a visually intuitive and pedagogically sound medium to present geoscience, yet there are very few oceanographic examples. A two-part article series is offered to explain ocean wave forecasting using computer-generated visualization and animation. This paper, Part 1, addresses forecasting of sea wave conditions and serves as the basis for the more difficult topic of swell wave forecasting addressed in Part 2. Computer-aided visualization and animation, accompanied by oral explanation, are a welcome pedagogical supplement to more traditional methods of instruction. In this article, several MATLAB(R) software programs have been written to visualize and animate development and comparison of wave spectra, wave interference, and forecasting of sea conditions. These programs also set the stage for the more advanced and difficult animation topics in Part 2. The programs are user-friendly, interactive, easy to modify, and developed as instructional tools. By using these software programs, teachers can enhance their instruction of these topics with colorful visualizations and animation without requiring an extensive background in computer programming. C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Whitford, DJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 28 IS 4 BP 537 EP 546 AR PII S0098-3004(01)00058-9 DI 10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00058-9 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 559ND UT WOS:000176031500010 ER PT J AU Whitford, DJ AF Whitford, DJ TI Teaching ocean wave forecasting using computer-generated visualization and animation - Part 2: swell forecasting SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE wave dynamics; oceanography; education; wave height; MATLAB (R) AB This paper, the second of a two-part series, introduces undergraduate students to ocean wave forecasting using interactive computer-generated visualization and animation. Verbal descriptions and two-dimensional illustrations are often insufficient for student comprehension. Fortunately, the introduction of computers in the geosciences provides a tool for addressing this problem. Computer-generated visualization and animation, accompanied by oral explanation, have been shown to be a pedagogical improvement to more traditional methods of instruction. Cartographic science and other disciplines using geographical information systems have been especially aggressive in pioneering the use of visualization and animation, whereas oceanography has not. This paper will focus on the teaching of ocean swell wave forecasting, often considered a difficult oceanographic topic due to the mathematics and physics required, as well as its interdependence on time and space. Several MATLAB(R) software programs are described and offered to visualize and animate group speed, frequency dispersion, angular dispersion, propagation, and wave height forecasting of deep water ocean swell waves. Teachers may use these interactive visualizations and animations without requiring an extensive background in computer programming. C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Whitford, DJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 28 IS 4 BP 547 EP 554 AR PII S0098-3004(01)00059-0 DI 10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00059-0 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 559ND UT WOS:000176031500011 ER PT J AU Shulman, I Wu, CR Lewis, JK Paduan, JD Rosenfeld, LK Kindle, JC Ramp, SR Collins, CA AF Shulman, I Wu, CR Lewis, JK Paduan, JD Rosenfeld, LK Kindle, JC Ramp, SR Collins, CA TI High resolution modeling and data assimilation in the Monterey Bay area SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; coastal currents; upwelling; HF radars; numerical modeling; data assimilation; USA; California; Monterey Bay ID HF RADAR; CALIFORNIA; VARIABILITY; SYSTEM AB A high resolution, data assimilating ocean model of the Monterey Bay area (ICON model) is under development within the framework of the project "An Innovative Coastal-Ocean Observing Network" (ICON) sponsored by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program. The main objective of the ICON model development is demonstration of the capability of a high resolution model to track the major mesoscale ocean features in the Monterey Bay area when constrained by the measurements and nested within a regional larger-scale model. This paper focuses on the development of the major ICON model components, including grid generation and open boundary conditions, coupling with a larger scale, Pacific West Coast (PWC) model, atmospheric forcing etc. Impact of these components on the Model's predictive skills in reproducing major hydrographic conditions in the Monterey Bay area are analyzed. Comparisons between observations and the ICON model predictions with and without coupling to the PWC model, show that coupling with the regional model improves significantly both the correlation between the ICON model and observed ADCP currents, and the ICON model's skill in predicting the location and intensity of observed upwelling events. Analysis of the ICON model mixed layer depth predictions show that the ICON model tends to develop a thicker than observed mixed layer during the summer time, and while assimilation of sea surface temperature data is enough for development of observed thin mixed layer in the regional larger-scale model, the fine-resolution ICON model needs variable heat fluxes as surface boundary conditions for the accurate prediction of the vertical thermal structure. The paper targets researchers involved in high-resolution numerical modeling of coastal areas in which the dynamics are determined by the complex geometry of a coastline, variable bathymetry and by the influence of complex water masses from a complicated hydrographic system (such as the California Current system). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Mississippi, COAM, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Sci Solut Inc, Kalaheo, HI USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Shulman, I (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, COAM, Bldg 1103,Room 249, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 24 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1129 EP 1151 AR PII S0278-4343(01)00100-5 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00100-5 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 562CE UT WOS:000176179200002 ER PT J AU Little, B Ray, R AF Little, B Ray, R TI A perspective on corrosion inhibition by biofilms SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE bacteria; biofilms; inhibition; microbiologically influenced corrosion ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; AXENIC AEROBIC BIOFILMS; MICROBIAL CORROSION; SAE-1018 STEEL; METALS; WATER AB A perspective is provided on corrosion inhibition by bacterial biofilms. Inhibition of general corrosion by biofilms has been reported for mild steel, copper, aluminum, and stainless steels. The mechanisms most frequently cited for the inhibition are formation of a diffusion barrier to corrosion products that stifles metal dissolution, consumption of oxygen by respiring aerobic microorganisms within the biofilm causing a diminution of that reactant at the metal surface, production of metabolic products that act as corrosion inhibitors (e.g., siderophores) or specific antibiotics that prevent proliferation of corrosion-causing organisms (e.g., sulfate-reducing bacteria), and formation of passive layers that are unique to the presence of microorganisms. The perspective will review biofilm formation and the processes that make it difficult to predict and control. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Little, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 43 TC 55 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 24 PU NATL ASSOC CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD MAY PY 2002 VL 58 IS 5 BP 424 EP 428 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 574ZT UT WOS:000176921300006 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PAS AF Johnstone, PAS TI The epidermal growth factor receptor: A new target for anticancer therapy - Introduction SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER LA English DT Review ID TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR; HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; NEU DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR; HUMAN PANCREATIC-CARCINOMA; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMAS; ERBB SIGNALING NETWORK; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY C225; EGFR GENE AMPLIFICATION; CLINICAL-TRIAL DESIGNS C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Med Oncol, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RI HIDALGO, MANUEL/I-4995-2015 OI HIDALGO, MANUEL/0000-0002-3765-3318 NR 263 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0147-0272 J9 CURR PROB CANCER JI Curr. Probl. Cancer PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 26 IS 3 BP 114 EP 164 DI 10.1067/mcn.2002.125874 PG 51 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 569BX UT WOS:000176581100001 ER PT J AU Zimble, JA AF Zimble, JA TI Foreword - Bioterrorism SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Zimble, JA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP XVII EP XVIII AR PII S0733-8627(02)00009-3 DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(02)00009-3 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 573JX UT WOS:000176827300001 ER PT J AU Noah, DL Huebner, KD Darling, RG Waeckerle, JF AF Noah, DL Huebner, KD Darling, RG Waeckerle, JF TI The history and threat of biological warfare and terrorism SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATION; OUTBREAK AB Biological agents have long been used during warfare. Recently they have become instruments of terror, effective in many ways-even as hoaxes. This article reviews some of the more notable examples of the use of biological agents in warfare and terrorism and discusses the current threat in the shadow of the events of September 11, 2001. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Operat Med Div, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Dept,USAF, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Emergency Med Residency Program, Darnall Army Community Hosp, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. USN, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Aeromed Isolat Team & Containment Care, Operat Med Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Leawood, KS 66224 USA. RP Noah, DL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Operat Med Div, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Dept,USAF, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 255 EP + AR PII S0733-8627(01)00002-5 DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(01)00002-5 PG 18 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 573JX UT WOS:000176827300003 PM 12120479 ER PT J AU Darling, RG Catlett, CL Huebner, KD Jarrett, DG AF Darling, RG Catlett, CL Huebner, KD Jarrett, DG TI Threats in bioterrorism I: CDC category A agents SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; UNITED-STATES; TULAREMIA; OUTBREAK; TERRORISM; CIPROFLOXACIN; RECOGNITION AB There are many naturally occurring pathogens with characteristics and traits that make them suitable for development into biological weapons. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has created a list of "Critical Biological Agents," and has placed each, pathogen into one of three categories: A, B, or C. "A" agents comprise a group of six pathogens whose intentional release into a population would cause grave harm to that population and place extraordinary stress on the medical and public health systems as responders attempt to manage the ensuing crisis. These six agents are discussed in this article. C1 USN, Aeromed Isolat Team & Containment Care, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Operat Med Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Darnall Army Community Hosp, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. RP Darling, RG (reprint author), USN, Aeromed Isolat Team & Containment Care, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 105 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 11 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 273 EP + AR PII S0733-8627(02)00005-6 DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(02)00005-6 PG 38 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 573JX UT WOS:000176827300004 PM 12120480 ER PT J AU Schultz, CH Mothershead, JL Field, M AF Schultz, CH Mothershead, JL Field, M TI Bioterrorism preparedness I: the emergency department and hospital SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID READINESS AB Hospitals will bear the burden of responsibility in caring for victims of a bioterrorism attack, and will likely be overwhelmed by casualties in any event of significant magnitude. Planning for such an event requires an "all-hazards" approach, with special emphasis on certain elements that are unique to bioterrorism response. This article uses the newly established Environment of Care Standards set by the joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations as a basis for describing essential elements of a hospital disaster response plan to respond to this threat. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Med Ctr, Emergency Dept, Orange, CA 92668 USA. USN, Navy Environm Hlth Ctr, Emergency Med Serv & Prehosp Care, Norfolk, VA 23513 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Operat Med Div, Charles Town, WV 25414 USA. RP Schultz, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Med Ctr, Emergency Dept, 128 Route,101 City Dr, Orange, CA 92668 USA. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 437 EP + AR PII S0733-8627(02)00003-2 DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(02)00003-2 PG 20 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 573JX UT WOS:000176827300011 PM 12120486 ER PT J AU Flowers, LK Mothershead, JL Blackwell, TH AF Flowers, LK Mothershead, JL Blackwell, TH TI Bioterrorism preparedness II: the community and emergency medical services systems SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL TERRORISM; WARFARE AGENTS; THREAT; MANAGEMENT; CASUALTIES; PHYSICIANS; LESSONS; WEAPON; CITY; CARE AB Most communities have disaster response systems, However, a major bioterrorism attack will produce a catastrophe primarily affecting the community health care system, and be of a much greater magnitude than historically seen in other disasters. Even with close collaboration between health care providers and the public health system, difficulties in early detection and diagnosis will compound the problems of containing the spread of disease and dealing with mass care, mass prophylaxis, and mass fatality management. Healing the wounds of the community and environmental surety will be major issues during recovery operations, The criminal nature of the event will also require closer relationships with law enforcement officials than health care officials typically entertain. C1 Carolinas Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ctr Prehosp Med, Charlotte, NC 28232 USA. USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Plans & Operat Directorate, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Flowers, LK (reprint author), Carolinas Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ctr Prehosp Med, 1000 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28232 USA. NR 41 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 457 EP + AR PII S0733-8627(01)00009-8 DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(01)00009-8 PG 21 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 573JX UT WOS:000176827300012 PM 12120487 ER PT J AU Mothershead, JL Tonat, K Koenig, KL AF Mothershead, JL Tonat, K Koenig, KL TI Bioterrorism preparedness III: state and federal programs and response SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article AB A bioterrorism attack may rapidly overwhelm local resources, Over the past several years, legislative and executive actions designed to enhance local, state, and federal preparedness to respond to terrorist events have proliferated. Federal response operations continue to be enhanced, building on existing structures, to provide emergency mitigation and relief in the event of such an attack. This article discusses the various federal initiatives and programs targeting bioterrorism preparedness and response, and outlines the current framework for overall federal response to bioterrorism. C1 USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. US Dept HHS, Off Emergency Preparedness, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US Dept Vet Affairs, Emergency Management Strateg Healthcare Grp, Vet Hlth Adm, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Mothershead, JL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle,Suite 1100, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 477 EP + AR PII S0733-8627(02)00004-4 DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(02)00004-4 PG 26 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 573JX UT WOS:000176827300013 PM 12120488 ER PT J AU DeGiorgi, VG AF DeGiorgi, VG TI Evaluation of perfect paint assumptions in modeling of cathodic protection systems SO ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE boundary elements; cathodic protection; corrosion; ICCP AB Computational modeling often involves making assumptions assumptions about geometric features, material characterizations or loading conditions. The validity of these assumptions will directly impact accuracy. It is an accepted practice in computational modeling of impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems to define painted surfaces as perfectly insulated ('perfect paint'). While many paint systems have a high resistance, the resistance is finite rather than infinite. In this work, painted surfaces are defined with varying material properties ranging from relatively high resistance (0.0001 of the polarization response of steel) to relatively low (steel). These different material properties are assigned to the painted surfaces of a previously validated shipboard ICCP system model. All other boundary conditions are held constant. A comparison of results quantifies the effects of large but finite paint resistance on computational results and validates use of the perfectly insulated surface assumption for painted surfaces. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Syst Design & Integrat Sect, Mech Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Syst Design & Integrat Sect, Mech Mat Branch, Code 6353, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-7997 J9 ENG ANAL BOUND ELEM JI Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 26 IS 5 BP 435 EP 445 AR PII S0955-7997(01)00104-7 DI 10.1016/S0955-7997(01)00104-7 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 552HN UT WOS:000175614100007 ER PT J AU Bernazzani, P Simon, SL Plazek, DJ Ngai, KL AF Bernazzani, P Simon, SL Plazek, DJ Ngai, KL TI Effects of entanglement concentration on T-g and local segmental motions SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL E LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; THIN POLYMER-FILMS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION BEHAVIORS; POLYSTYRENE FILMS; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; FORMING LIQUIDS; DEPENDENCE; MACROMOLECULES; THICKNESS; VISCOSITY AB The process of spin-coating to fabricate thin polymer films with high molecular weight can produce samples with entanglement concentrations that are far below the equilibrium value. It is not clear whether or not such low entanglement concentrations are responsible for the depression of the glass temperature in thin polymer films. In this work, we measure the calorimetric glass temperature and viscoelastic response of polystyrenes with molecular weights ranging from 3 x 10(3) to 43.7 x 10(6) g/mol, for both bulk material and for samples freeze-dried from dilute solution. We conclude that the reduction of the glass temperature observed in thin polymer films cannot be due to the reduced entanglement concentration in the samples. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Simon, SL (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM sindee.simon@coe.ttu.edu RI Simon, Sindee/M-9372-2013 OI Simon, Sindee/0000-0001-7498-2826 NR 30 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1292-8941 J9 EUR PHYS J E JI Eur. Phys. J. E PD MAY PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1140/epje/i2001-10087-5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 585VX UT WOS:000177546200012 PM 15010969 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI Mobility in thin polymer films ranging from local segmental motion, Rouse modes to whole chain motion: A coupling model consideration SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL E LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; POLYSTYRENE FILMS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; LENGTH SCALE; THERMORHEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CONSTRAINT DYNAMICS AB Large increases of mobility of local segmental relaxation observed in polymer films as the film thickness is decreased, as evidenced by decreases of the glass temperature, are not found for relaxation mechanisms that have longer length scales including the Rouse relaxation modes and the diffusion of entire polymer chains. We show that the coupling model predictions, when extended to consider polymer thin films, are consistent with a large increase of the mobility of the local segmental motions and the lack of such a change for the Rouse modes and the diffusion of entire polymer chains. There are two effects that can reduce the coupling parameter of the local segmental relaxation in thin films. One is the chain orientation that is induced parallel to the surface when the film thickness h becomes smaller than the end-to-end distance of the chains and the other is a finite-size effect when It is no longer large compared to the cooperative length scale. Extremely thin (approximate to 1.5 nm) films obtained by intercalating a polymer into layered silicates have thickness significantly less than the cooperative length scale near the bulk polymer glass transition temperature. As a result, the coupling parameter of the local segmental relaxation in such thin films is reduced almost to zero. With this plausible assumption, we show the coupling model can explain quantitatively the large decrease of the local segmental relaxation time found experimentally. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ngai@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 73 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1292-8941 J9 EUR PHYS J E JI Eur. Phys. J. E PD MAY PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 225 EP 235 DI 10.1140/epje/i2001-10062-2 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 585VX UT WOS:000177546200015 PM 15010972 ER PT J AU Ozyuzer, L Zasadzinski, JF Gray, KE Kendziora, C Miyakawa, N AF Ozyuzer, L Zasadzinski, JF Gray, KE Kendziora, C Miyakawa, N TI Absence of pseudogap in heavily overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta from tunneling spectroscopy of break junctions SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; UNDERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; PHASE FLUCTUATIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; NORMAL-STATE; TEMPERATURE; GAP; EXCITATION; DEPENDENCE; PRECURSOR AB We report tunneling spectroscopy of superconductor-insulator-superconductor break junctions on heavily overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta with T-c=56K. At Tmuch less thanT(c), the junction conductances display well-defined quasiparticle peaks at +/-2Delta and in some cases a Josephson current at zero bias. Gap values as small as Delta=10.5 meV have been observed leading to 2Delta/kT(c) near the BCS limit for d(x 2-y 2) pairing. Temperature dependence of the gap magnitude, (DeltaT), follows the BCS relation and both the quasiparticle gap and Josephson current vanish for T>T-c. Above T-c, the tunneling conductance shows a at background without any indication of a pseudogap near the Fermi level. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Phys, TR-35437 Izmir, Turkey. IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo, Japan. RP Ozyuzer, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011 NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 58 IS 4 BP 589 EP 595 DI 10.1209/epl/i2002-00436-6 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 556PB UT WOS:000175857200018 ER PT J AU Saylor, JR Flack, KA Schultz, MP Smith, GB AF Saylor, JR Flack, KA Schultz, MP Smith, GB TI The correlation between surface temperature and subsurface velocity during evaporative convection SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONVECTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER; FIELD; TURBULENCE AB The cross-correlation between surface temperature and subsurface velocity is presented for water undergoing evaporative convection. The surface temperature measurements were obtained via quantitative infrared imaging, and the velocity measurements were obtained using a two-component laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) system. The water surface was covered with a surfactant monolayer, which did not impede evaporation. The largest measured correlation coefficient was 0.375. Correlation coefficients obtained after shifting the velocity and temperature time traces with respect to each other revealed a peak in the correlation coefficient very close to a zero time shift. The significance of these results and their implications for the remote sensing of underwater objects via infrared imaging are discussed. C1 Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Saylor, JR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, 229 Fluor Daniel Bldg,Box 340921, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD MAY PY 2002 VL 32 IS 5 BP 570 EP 579 DI 10.1007/S00348-001-0400-9 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 557BM UT WOS:000175887500005 ER PT J AU Bosshard, M AF Bosshard, M TI La 'Belle Creole' SO FRENCH REVIEW LA French DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bosshard, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN TEACH FRENCH PI CHAMPAIGN PA 57 EAST ARMORY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA SN 0016-111X J9 FR REV JI Fr. Rev. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1311 EP 1313 PG 3 WC Literature, Romance SC Literature GA 549PL UT WOS:000175453200066 ER PT J AU Bosshard, M AF Bosshard, M TI 'Celanire cou-coupe' SO FRENCH REVIEW LA French DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bosshard, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN TEACH FRENCH PI CHAMPAIGN PA 57 EAST ARMORY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA SN 0016-111X J9 FR REV JI Fr. Rev. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1311 EP 1313 PG 3 WC Literature, Romance SC Literature GA 549PL UT WOS:000175453200065 ER PT J AU Allen, DR Nakamura, N AF Allen, DR Nakamura, N TI Dynamical reconstruction of the record low column ozone over Europe on 30 November 1999 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MINI-HOLE; STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CLIMATOLOGY; VALIDATION; TRANSPORT; VORTEX AB [1] The assembly of the record-low total column ozone observed over Europe on 30 November 1999 is investigated using a three-dimensional reconstruction based on POAM, SAGE, and HALOE data and a passive tracer advected by UKMO winds on isentropic surfaces. The reconstruction reproduces TOMS observation to within 10-20 DU over the northern hemisphere and agrees well with select ozonesonde profiles in the mid- to high latitudes, although values in the vicinity of the ozone minimum are systematically higher than TOMS. Relative role is quantified for the disparate dynamical processes that contributed constructively to the low-ozone episode: poleward intrusion of ozone-poor subtropical air in the lowermost stratosphere, adiabatic lifting of ozone maximum, and displacement of ozone-poor Arctic vortex air aloft. Of these, the first two are found to account for about three quarters of the reconstructed column anomaly between 320 and 1900 K whereas the last for about one quarter. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Allen, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM drallen@nrl.navy.mil; nnn@bethel.uchicago.edu NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 9 AR 1362 DI 10.1029/2002GL014935 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DH UT WOS:000178888000001 ER PT J AU Lyu, SJ Kim, K Perkins, HT AF Lyu, SJ Kim, K Perkins, HT TI Atmospheric pressure-forced subinertial variations in the transport through the Korea Strait SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB [1] Transport variations with periods of 3 similar to 5 days have been measured in the Korea (Tsushima) Strait by cross-strait cable voltage fluctuations and by direct, long-term measurement. Here we show that these variations can be explained in part by large-scale atmospheric pressure fluctuations over the East (Japan) Sea. First, using basin-wide averages of atmospheric pressure and sea surface height we show that sea surface height in the East Sea is not in isostatic equilibrium with atmospheric pressure, and that the imbalance is correlated with transport fluctuations. Second, we use a simple model to estimate the relationship between these quantities. The model displays a Helmholtz-like resonance in the observed range of periods and is in reasonable agreement with the observed transport variations. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Ocean Lab, Seoul 151742, South Korea. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lyu, SJ (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Ocean Lab, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM sjlyu@ocean.snu.ac.kr; kuhkim@ocean.snu.ac.kr; hperkins@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 9 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 9 AR 1294 DI 10.1029/2001GL014366 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DH UT WOS:000178888000068 ER PT J AU Vogt, PR Jung, WY AF Vogt, PR Jung, WY TI Holocene mass wasting on upper non-Polar continental slopes - due to post-Glacial ocean warming and hydrate dissociation? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PORE-WATER; SEA; STABILITY; GREENLAND; METHANE; AGE AB [1] Incorporating both late/post-Glacial bottom-water warming and eustatic sealevel rise into a MH (methane hydrate) stability model explains why at least some major submarine landslides (e. g., the Storegga Slide, Norwegian margin) may have been triggered by MH dissociation during the early Holocene (rising sealevels), not during the lowest sealevels of the LGM (Last Glacial Maximum, 18-20 ka). In the case of Storegga, failure may have been initiated either below the upper slope or under the shelf (for fresh pore water, especially with admixed ethane). At water depths below ca. 800m, persistent low bottom water temperatures allowed the sealevel rise to thicken the MH stability zone over time, ruling out Holocene initiation of failure. MH release by Holocene mass wasting cannot have initiated deglaciation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vogt, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Code 7420, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vogt@qur.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 9 AR 1341 DI 10.1029/2001GL013488 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DH UT WOS:000178888000022 ER PT J AU Wang, X Kabir, S Weber, J Dvorak, SL Prince, JL AF Wang, X Kabir, S Weber, J Dvorak, SL Prince, JL TI A study of the fields associated with vertical dipole sources in stripline circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCED PACKAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Topical Meeting on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging CY OCT 29-31, 2001 CL CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Techn Soc, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc DE asymptotes; inhomogeneous; integral equation; interconnects; Newton's method; stripline ID ELEMENTS AB A prototype, integral-equation-based, full-wave layered interconnect simulator (UA-FWLIS) has recently been developed. In this simulator, the method of moments (MoM) reaction integrals are evaluated analytically, thereby dramatically improving the computational efficiency compared with standard numerical integration techniques. The closed-form representation for the reaction elements takes the form of a modal series expansion. Since the reaction between closely-spaced elements requires the dominant mode and a significant number of higher-order modes, an investigation of the behavior of the fields associated with both the propagating and higher-order evanescent wave modes will be beneficial for the further development of the simulator. The simulator can currently handle homogeneously-filled stripline structures only. In this paper, the electric field analysis is extended to an inhomogeneously-filled stripline structure. The knowledge gained from these studies will allow for the extension of the simulator to the analysis of inhomogeneously-filled stripline structures. The spectral domain technique is first used to obtain the field expressions in the spectral domain. Analytically performing the two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform results in electric fields that are expressed as closed-form solutions in terms of special functions that are free from any numerical integration. Computational results for the fields are presented and the physical phenomenology of the fields is studied. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Motorola Inc, Digital DNA Labs, RF IF Silicon Technol, Syst Simulat Grp, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1521-3323 J9 IEEE T ADV PACKAGING JI IEEE Trans. Adv. Packag. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 272 EP 279 DI 10.1109/TADVP.2002.803308 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 618YR UT WOS:000179446200019 ER PT J AU Wang, X Kabir, S Weber, J Dvorak, SL Prince, JL AF Wang, X Kabir, S Weber, J Dvorak, SL Prince, JL TI A study of the fields associated with horizontal dipole sources in stripline circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCED PACKAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Topical Meeting on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging CY OCT 29-31, 2001 CL CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Techn Soc, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc DE asymptotes; inhomogeneous; integral equation; interconnects; Newton's method; stripline ID SERIES EXPANSIONS; ELEMENTS AB In this paper, we formulate closed-form expressions for the fields excited by an x-directed dipole source in both homogeneously-filled and inhomogeneously-filled stripline structures. These expressions are obtained by first employing spectral domain techniques, which yields a spectral-domain Green's function that involves simple algebraic and trigonometric functions. Then we take the inverse two-dimensional Fourier transform of that expression and represent it as a Sommerfield-type integral in the space domain. This Sommerfield integral has a highly oscillatory and slowly convergent nature. Therefore, we analytically evaluate this Sommerfield integral by applying Residue theory. Summing over the residues evaluated at the pole locations in the complex plane yields a rapidly computable modal series expansion that is free from any numerical integration. The special functions that occur in the modal series expansions are rapidly computable Bessel functions. This method greatly improves the computational efficiency as compared with numerical integration. The field study carried out in this paper will help to extend the capabilities of a recently developed full-wave layered interconnect simulator (UA-FWLIS). This simulator can currently handle method of moment (MoM) reaction element evaluations in homogeneously-filled stripline structures, where the dominant mode and numerous higher order decaying modes may be required. After a robust algorithm has been developed for the computation of all the modes for the inhomogeneous case, the Green's function can be directly plugged into UA-FWLIS to allow for the evaluation of the MoM reaction elements in inhomogeneously layered stripline structures. In this paper, we compare the field behavior for the homogeneous and inhomogeneous cases. Computational results for the fields are presented and the physical phenomenology of the fields is studied. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Motorola Inc, Digital DNA Labs, RF IF Silicon Technol, Syst Simulat Grp, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. USN, Washington, DC USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1521-3323 J9 IEEE T ADV PACKAGING JI IEEE Trans. Adv. Packag. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 280 EP 287 DI 10.1109/TADVP.2002.803269 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 618YR UT WOS:000179446200020 ER PT J AU Oliveira, M Cheung, CDM Al-Zayed, A Chio, IFF Swisher, RR Lecuyer, F DeLisio, MP AF Oliveira, M Cheung, CDM Al-Zayed, A Chio, IFF Swisher, RR Lecuyer, F DeLisio, MP TI A high-linearity 100-element diode grid mixer SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE quasi-optics; spatial power combining; power combining; mixers; active arrays ID BALANCED MIXER; SLOT ANTENNA; AMPLIFIER AB Grid-mixer arrays can achieve high linearity and dynamic range through quasi-optical power combining. We present a 100-element single-ended diode grid mixer operating at 2.45 GHz. Each element incorporates two diodes in series. We measure an input third-order intercept of 11 W (40.5 dBm), and output third-order intercept of 3.4 W (35.4 dBm), and an associated conversion loss of 5.1 dB. The power-handling capability of the array is 100 times larger than that of a microstrip mixer using a single element. The local oscillator (LO) drive requirement for the entire array is 1.4 W (31.6 dBm). The angular dependence of the array's IF power is also presented and is in agreement with theory. C1 Oceanit, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Wireless Facil Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USN, Air Warfare Div, RF Sensor Div, Barking Sands Pacific Missile Range Facil, Kauai, HI 96752 USA. Radio Frequency Syst Inc, Meriden, CT 06450 USA. Wavestream Wireless Technol, W Covina, CA 91791 USA. RP Oliveira, M (reprint author), Oceanit, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 50 IS 5 BP 698 EP 702 AR PII S0018-926X(02)05439-X DI 10.1109/TAP.2002.1011237 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 565LL UT WOS:000176371700018 ER PT J AU Levchuk, GM Levchuk, YN Luo, J Pattipati, KR Kleinman, DL AF Levchuk, GM Levchuk, YN Luo, J Pattipati, KR Kleinman, DL TI Normative design of organizations - Part I: Mission planning SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE mission decomposition; mission planning; organizational design; resource allocation; scheduling ID TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM; TIME WINDOWS; ALGORITHMS; SYSTEMS AB This paper presents a design methodology for synthesizing organizations to execute complex missions efficiently. It focuses on devising mission planning strategies to optimally achieve mission goals while optimally utilizing organization's resources. Effective planning is often the key to successful completion of the mission, and conversely, mission failure can often be traced back to poor planning. Details on subsequent phases of the design process to construct the mission-driven human organizations are discussed in a companion paper. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Aptima Inc, Woborn, MA 01801 USA. RP Levchuk, GM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 71 TC 35 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1083-4427 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 32 IS 3 BP 346 EP 359 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2002.802819 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 613CH UT WOS:000179113400005 ER PT J AU Levchuk, GM Levchuk, YN Luo, J Pattipati, KR Kleinman, DL AF Levchuk, GM Levchuk, YN Luo, J Pattipati, KR Kleinman, DL TI Normative design of organizations - Part II: Organizational structure SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE clustering; organization structure; organizational design; organizational hierarchy; scheduling ID PERFORMANCE AB This paper presents a multiobjective structural optimization process of designing an organization to execute a specific mission. We provide mathematical formulations for optimization problems arising in Phases II and III of our organizational design process (Phase I was presented in Part I of this paper [56]) and polynomial algorithms to solve the corresponding problems. Our organizational design methodology applies specific optimization techniques at different phases of the design, efficiently matching the structure of a mission (in particular, the one defined by the courses of action obtained from mission planning) to that of an organization. It allows an analyst to obtain an acceptable tradeoff among multiple mission and design objectives, as well as between computational complexity and solution efficiency (desired degree of suboptimality). C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Aptima Inc, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. RP Levchuk, GM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM levchuk@aptima.com; krishna@engr.uconn.edu; kleinman@nps.navy.mil NR 56 TC 28 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4427 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 32 IS 3 BP 360 EP 375 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2002.802820 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 613CH UT WOS:000179113400006 ER PT J AU Babich, YV Feigelson, BN Surkov, NV Turkin, AI AF Babich, YV Feigelson, BN Surkov, NV Turkin, AI TI Growth rate effect on nitrogen aggregation in synthetic diamonds: Analysis of C- and A-defect distributions SO INORGANIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-ABSORPTION; KINETICS; CENTERS; NICKEL; IMPURITIES AB The distribution of C and A defects in the octahedral growth sectors of a diamond crystal grown by the temperature-gradient method at 6.0 GPa and 1470-1495degreesC in the Fe-Ni-C system was studied by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. The use of the induced-zonality technique made it possible to determine the postgrowth annealing duration, evaluate the rate constants K of nitrogen aggregation in the framework of second-order kinetics. and to relate them to the growth rate v. at a particular point. The results demonstrate that the aggregation rate varies widely over the octahedral growth sector and that K varies nonlinearly with v.. The more rapid nitrogen aggregation at higher growth rates is tentatively attributed to an increase in nickel concentration in diamond. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Inst Mineral & Petrog, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Babich, YV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Inst Mineral & Petrog, Pr Akad Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM babich@uiggm.nsc.ru RI Surkov, Nikita/A-3544-2014; Babich, Yuri/A-5655-2014; Turkin, Alex/A-7706-2014 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0020-1685 J9 INORG MATER+ JI Inorg. Mater. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 464 EP 467 DI 10.1023/A:1015414904147 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 557WU UT WOS:000175932600010 ER PT J AU Brown, GG Dell, RF Davis, RL Duff, RH AF Brown, GG Dell, RF Davis, RL Duff, RH TI Optimizing plant-line schedules and an application at hidden valley manufacturing company SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE industries : agriculture-food; production : scheduling-planning ID OPTIMIZATION; COSTS AB A plant line schedule specifies a plant's sustained batch operations over time with detail sufficient to manage all activities. Plantwide considerations include restrictions on how production centers can be formed from production lines, packaging lines, conveyers, and so forth; the cost and time of product-package item setups, changeovers, and shutdowns; honoring in-stock service levels, minimum inventory, and committed shipments; recognizing efficiency gains with longer batch runs; respecting crew constraints; and the costs of materials, labor, and carrying inventory. We developed a cost-minimizing optimization model, PROFITS, that features multiple independent time streams for various categories of events that mimic existing periodic reviews of operations. PROFITS is embedded in a graphical user interface that eases the grueling aspects of scheduling: preparing data, controlling scenarios, and visualizing results. At Hidden Valley Manufacturing Company, completing an eight-week plant-line schedule takes about an hour. This is much faster than manual scheduling was-and the schedules are better. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Hidden Valley Mfg Co, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. INSIGHT Inc, Sudley N Business Ctr, Manassas, VA 20109 USA. RP Brown, GG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 3 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1287/inte.32.3.1.44 PG 14 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 584PQ UT WOS:000177477000001 ER PT J AU Byrnes, GA Baffi, J Chan, CC Csaky, KG AF Byrnes, GA Baffi, J Chan, CC Csaky, KG TI Clinicopathologic correlation of progressive atypical fibrovascular proliferation in agerelated macular degeneration (AMD) SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 USN, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NEI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 1 MA 2788 BP U651 EP U651 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CF UT WOS:000184606602720 ER PT J AU Johnson, LJ Perkins, FK Merritt, C Skeath, P Justus, B Weiland, J Humayun, M Scribner, D AF Johnson, LJ Perkins, FK Merritt, C Skeath, P Justus, B Weiland, J Humayun, M Scribner, D TI Low charge density stimulation of isolated retina with microchannel glass electrodes SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Doheny Eye Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 2 MA 4480 BP U1283 EP U1283 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CG UT WOS:000184606701633 ER PT J AU Leal, R Tsin, A Glickman, R Elliott, R Rentmeister-Bryant, H AF Leal, R Tsin, A Glickman, R Elliott, R Rentmeister-Bryant, H TI Ocular retinoids in Cornsnake (Elaphe g. guttata) SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. USN, Hlth Res, Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 2 MA 3602 BP U1005 EP U1005 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CG UT WOS:000184606700754 ER PT J AU Raymond, WR Otto, CS Minarcik, JR Schallhorn, SC Parmley, VC George, RK Mazzoli, RA Apodaca, AJ AF Raymond, WR Otto, CS Minarcik, JR Schallhorn, SC Parmley, VC George, RK Mazzoli, RA Apodaca, AJ TI The measurement of accommodation using wavefront technology SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 1 MA 200 BP U36 EP U36 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CF UT WOS:000184606600175 ER PT J AU Ratcliffe, CP Rogers, DF AF Ratcliffe, CP Rogers, DF TI Balanced fuel-injector effects on in-flight aircraft engine vibration SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB Uneven fuel/air mixtures between cylinders in flat horizontally opposed fuel-injected aircraft engines can contribute to vibration. A comparative in-flight study using standard fuel injector nozzles and balanced flow fuel-injector nozzles was conducted on a Teledyne Continental Motors IO-520BB aircraft engine installed in a Becch Bonanza under typical cruise flight conditions. The results indicate that balanced flow fuel-injector nozzles reduce engine vibration for most fuel/airflow ratios. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ratcliffe, CP (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 440 EP 444 DI 10.2514/2.2970 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 558GQ UT WOS:000175958300009 ER PT J AU Klette, KL Horn, CK Stout, PR Anderson, CJ AF Klette, KL Horn, CK Stout, PR Anderson, CJ TI LC-MS analysis of human urine specimens for 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD: Method validation for potential interferants, and stability study of 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD under various storage conditions SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYSERGIC-ACID DIETHYLAMIDE; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; O-H-LSD; MAJOR METABOLITE C1 USN, Drug Screening Lab, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. USN, Drug Screening Lab, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Klette, KL (reprint author), USN, Drug Screening Lab, Naval Air Stn, POB 113,Bldg H-2033, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 26 IS 4 BP 193 EP 200 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 557DE UT WOS:000175891500002 PM 12054358 ER PT J AU Bankert, RL Tag, PM AF Bankert, RL Tag, PM TI An automated method to estimate tropical cyclone intensity using SSM/I imagery SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-NETWORK; MICROWAVE AB An automated method to estimate tropical cyclone intensity using Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) data is developed and tested. SSM/ I images (512 km 3 512 km) centered on a given tropical cyclone (TC), with a known best-track intensity, are collected for 142 different TCs (1988-98) from the North Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. Over 100 characteristic features are computed from the 85-GHz (H-pol) imagery data and the derived rain-rate imagery data associated with each TC. Of the 1040 sample images, 942 are selected as training samples. These training samples are examined in a feature-selection algorithm to select an optimal subset of the characteristic features that could accurately estimate TC intensity on unknown samples in a K-nearest-neighbor (K-NN) algorithm. Using the 15 selected features as the representative vector and the best-track intensity as the ground truth, the 98 testing samples (taken from four TCs) are presented to the K-NN algorithm. A root-mean-square error (rmse) of 19.8 kt is produced. This "snapshot'' approach is enhanced (rmse is 18.1 kt) when a TC intensity history feature is added to 71 of the 98 samples. Reconnaissance data are available for two recent (1999) Atlantic hurricanes, and a comparison is made in the rmse using those data as ground truth versus best track. For these two TCs (17 SSM/ I images), an rmse of 15.6 kt is produced when best track is used and an rmse of 19.7 kt is produced when reconnaissance data are used as the ground truth. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bankert, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 5 BP 461 EP 472 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0461:AAMTET>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 541XL UT WOS:000175011800001 ER PT J AU Watenpaugh, DE AF Watenpaugh, DE TI Nocturnal lower body positive pressure to counteract microgravity-induced cardiac remodeling/atrophy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ENDOCRINE RESPONSES; SPACEFLIGHT C1 USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT 06349 USA. RP Watenpaugh, DE (reprint author), USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Box 900, Groton, CT 06349 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 92 IS 5 BP 2222 EP 2223 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.01016.2001 PG 2 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 544WP UT WOS:000175184900056 PM 12008648 ER PT J AU Kimmel, EC Reboulet, JE Courson, DL Still, KR AF Kimmel, EC Reboulet, JE Courson, DL Still, KR TI Airway reactivity response to aged carbon-graphite/epoxy composite material smoke SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon-graphite/epoxy composite material; smoke; airway reactivity ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT CHEMICALS; VENTILATORY RESPONSE; RESPIRATORY ALLERGY; GUINEA-PIGS; EXPOSURE; MODEL; HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; PLETHYSMOGRAPHY; MECHANICS; PATTERN AB Exposure of naive guinea pigs for a total of 30 min to aged smoke from pyrolysis of 5, 10 and 100 g of carbon-graphite/epoxy-advanced composite material (cgeCM) elicited changes in the ventilation and breathing pattern reminiscent of an acute, asthmatic episode. The severity of these responses was dose related. Although breathing pattern changes were not definitive of stimulation by a single type of respiratory irritant, non-dimensional indices derived from breath structure appeared to be characteristic of bronchoconstriction possibly complicated by CO2-stimulated ventilation. The highest exposure concentration also elicited convulsions in the animals, which may or may not be related to the airway reactivity (AR) response. Upon treatment with fresh air, breathing returned to normal. However, this recovery was transient with some respiratory parameters returning to abnormal levels, possibly indicating a rebound or delayed component of the response. Filtration of particulate material from the smoke moderated but did not eliminate the AR response. Animals exposed to diluted smoke from the pyrolysis of 2 g of cgeCM showed no remarkable changes in breathing or ventilation, suggesting that there may be a threshold for aged cgeCM smoke-elicited AR response. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 NHRC, TD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kimmel, EC (reprint author), NHRC, TD, Bldg 433,2612 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 193 EP 206 DI 10.1002/jat.849 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 557JB UT WOS:000175904500009 PM 12015800 ER PT J AU Sitler, DF Amendola, A Bailey, CS Thain, LMF Spouge, A AF Sitler, DF Amendola, A Bailey, CS Thain, LMF Spouge, A TI Posterior ankle arthroscopy - An anatomic study SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID PORTAL SITES; COMPLICATIONS AB Background: Ankle arthroscopy has generally been performed with use of anterior portals with the patient in the supine position. Little has been published on ankle arthroscopy performed with use of posterior portals, particularly with the patient in the prone position. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relative safety and efficacy of ankle arthroscopy with use of posterior portals with the limb in the prone position. Methods: Thirteen fresh-frozen cadaver specimens were used. Posterolateral and posteromedial portals were established. Arthroscopy was performed, and the extent of the talar dome that could be visualized was marked. Four-millimeter plastic cannulae were filled with oil and were placed in the portals for use as reference landmarks on magnetic resonance imaging studies. The proximity of the portal cannulae to the adjacent structures was measured on standard magnetic resonance images and then during careful dissection. The distances measured by dissection were compared with the measurements made on magnetic resonance images. Results: An average of 54% (range, 42% to 73%) of the talar dome could be visualized. The average distance between a cannula and adjacent anatomic structures after dissection was 3.2 mm (range, 0 to 8.9 mm) to the sural nerve, 4.8 mm (range, 0 to 11.0 mm) to the small saphenous vein, 6.4 mm (range, 0 to 16.2 mm) to the tibial nerve, 9.6 mm (range, 2.4 to 20.1 mm) to the posterior tibial artery, 17 mm (range, 19 to 31 mm) to the medial calcaneal nerve, and 2.7 mm (range, 0 to 11.2 mm) to the flexor hallucis longus tendon. The magnetic resonance images demonstrated very similar distances except in the case of the distance between the posteromedial cannula and the tibial nerve, which often was difficult to specifically identify on magnetic resonance imaging studies. Conclusions: The findings of the present cadaveric study suggest that, with the patient in the prone position, arthroscopic equipment may be introduced into the posterior aspect of the ankle without gross injury to the posterior neurovascular structures. Limited clinical trials should be carried out to confirm this finding. C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Fowler Kennedy Sport Med Clin, 3M Ctr, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. RP Sitler, DF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RI Bailey, Chris/L-7522-2015 OI Bailey, Chris/0000-0001-5508-8415 NR 22 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 84A IS 5 BP 763 EP 769 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 551DQ UT WOS:000175544600010 PM 12004018 ER PT J AU Cooksey, RC Abbadi, SH Woodley, CL Sikes, D Wasfy, M Crawford, JT Mahoney, F AF Cooksey, RC Abbadi, SH Woodley, CL Sikes, D Wasfy, M Crawford, JT Mahoney, F TI Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from the cerebrospinal fluid of meningitis patients at six fever hospitals in Egypt SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; AMPLIFICATION; RECOMMENDATIONS; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; NETHERLANDS; DIAGNOSIS; IS6110; CAIRO AB Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from cerebrospinal fluid of 67 meningitis patients were obtained from six fever hospitals in Egypt. One M. bovis and 66 M. tuberculosis isolates were identified by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of oxyR. Among the M. tuberculosis isolates, 53 unique strain types (with 3 to 16 copies of IS6110) were found by RFLP analyses. Nine clusters (eight with two isolates each and one with six isolates) were also found. Thirty-six spoligotypes, including a( least 10 that have been previously reported from other countries, were also observed. Forty-one (62.1%) of the isolates were in spoligotype clusters, and 22 (33%) of the isolates were in RFLP clusters. Fifty-one of the isolates were susceptible in vitro to all of the antituberculosis drugs tested, 11 were monoresistant to capreomycin, rifampin, isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide, or streptomycin (STR), 4 were resistant to STR and 1101, and I was resistant to STR, INH, and ethambutol. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Cooksey, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Mail Stop F-08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1651 EP 1655 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.5.1651-1655.2002 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 549DA UT WOS:000175428200013 PM 11980936 ER PT J AU Waltz, J Page, GL Milder, SD Wallin, J Antunes, A AF Waltz, J Page, GL Milder, SD Wallin, J Antunes, A TI A performance comparison of tree data structures for N-body simulation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE tree data structures; N-body problems; computational astrophysics ID ALGORITHM; CODE; SPH AB We present a performance comparison of tree data structures for N-body simulation. The tree data structures examined are the balanced binary tree and the Barnes-Hut (BH) tree. Prep ions work has compared the performance of BH trees with that of nearest-neighbor trees and the fast multipole method, but the relative merits of BH and binary trees have not been compared systematically. In carrying out this work, a very general computational tool which permits controlled comparison of different tree algorithms A as developed. The test problems of interest involve both long-range physics (e.g., gravity) and short-range physics (e.g., smoothed particle hydrodynamics). Our findings show that the Barnes-Hut tree outperforms the binary tree in both cases. However, we present a modified binary tree which is competitive with the Barnes-Hut tree for long-range physics and superior for short-range physics. Thus. if the local search time is a significant portion of the computational effort, a binary tree could offer performance advantages. This result is of particular interest since short-range searches are common in many areas of computational physics, as well as areas outside the scope of N-body simulation Such as computational geometry. The possible reasons for this are outlined and suggestions for future algorithm evaluations are given. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Waltz, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys, Code 6410, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 178 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1006/jcph.2001.6943 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 545QH UT WOS:000175228500001 ER PT J AU Rojo, JC Schowalter, LJ Gaska, R Shur, M Khan, MA Yang, J Koleske, DD AF Rojo, JC Schowalter, LJ Gaska, R Shur, M Khan, MA Yang, J Koleske, DD TI Growth and characterization of epitaxial layers on aluminum nitride substrates prepared from bulk, single crystals SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE substrates; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; nitride; semiconducting III-V AB A comparative study of epitaxy of AlN, GaN and their alloys, grown on c-axis and off-axis substrates of single-crystal aluminum nitride has been carried out. Growth on off-axis (> 30degrees) substrates appears to result in rough surfaces and the absence of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). However, smooth morphologies were demonstrated for both homoepitaxial and heteroepitaxial growth on on-axis (< 2degrees) substrates, On one of these oriented substrates a 2DEG, with a mobility of 1000 cm(2) Vs and a sheet density of 8.5 x 10(12) cm(-2) at room temperature, was also demonstrated for the first time. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cyrstal IS Inc, Latham, NY 12110 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Sensor Elect Technol Inc, Latham, NY 12110 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept ECE, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rojo, JC (reprint author), Cyrstal IS Inc, Latham, NY 12110 USA. RI Shur, Michael/A-4374-2016 OI Shur, Michael/0000-0003-0976-6232 NR 10 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 2002 VL 240 IS 3-4 BP 508 EP 512 AR PII S0022-0248(02)01078-3 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 557MH UT WOS:000175912000028 ER PT J AU Stahlbush, RE Fatemi, M Fedison, JB Arthur, SD Rowland, LB Wang, S AF Stahlbush, RE Fatemi, M Fedison, JB Arthur, SD Rowland, LB Wang, S TI Stacking-fault formation and propagation in 4H-SiC PiN diodes SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Electronic Materials Conference CY JUN 27-29, 2001 CL UNIV NOTRE DAME, SOUTH BEND, INDIANA HO UNIV NOTRE DAME DE stacking fault; dislocations; electroluminescence; PiN diodes; current degradation AB Stacking-fault growth in SiC PiN diodes has been examined using light-emission imaging and stressing at 80 A/cm(2) and 160 A/cm(2). Dark areas in the emission develop because of stacking faults and the current capability of the diode drops. More detailed images are produced by reducing the current by a factor of 1000. The low-current images are bright lines at dislocations bounding the stacking faults and at or near the stacking-fault intersection with the surface. Stacking faults nucleate 1-2 mum below the surface. Most, but not all, continue growing until they span the diode. Growth dynamics and their dependence on the current density are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. GE Co, Ctr Corp Res & Dev, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. Sterling Semicond, Danbury, CT 06810 USA. RP Stahlbush, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Rowland, Larry/C-4487-2008 NR 5 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 31 IS 5 BP 370 EP 375 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0085-8 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 555QK UT WOS:000175804600009 ER PT J AU Ramamurti, R Sandberg, WC AF Ramamurti, R Sandberg, WC TI A three-dimensional computational study of the aerodynamic mechanisms of insect flight SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE unsteady mechanism; incompressible fluid; flapping foil; unstructured mesh; insect; flight; Drosophila ID FLOW AB A finite element flow solver was employed to compute unsteady flow past a three-dimensional Drosophila wing undergoing flapping motion. The computed thrust and drag forces agreed well with results from a previous experimental study. A grid-refinement study was performed to validate the computational results, and a grid-independent solution was achieved. The effect of phasing between the translational and rotational motions was studied by varying the rotational motion prior to the stroke reversal. It was observed that, when the wing rotation is advanced with respect to the stroke reversal, the peak in the thrust forces is higher than when the wing rotation is in phase with the stroke reversal and that the peak thrust is reduced further when the wing rotation is delayed. As suggested by previous authors, we observe that the rotational mechanism is important and that the combined translational and rotational mechanisms are necessary to describe accurately the force time histories and unsteady aerodynamics of flapping wings. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ramamurti, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 143 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 6 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 205 IS 10 BP 1507 EP 1518 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 559EU UT WOS:000176013300014 PM 11976361 ER PT J AU Nedoluha, GE Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW Lumpe, JD Smit, H AF Nedoluha, GE Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW Lumpe, JD Smit, H TI Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement III measurements of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE water vapor; lowermost stratosphere; upper troposphere ID HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRIES; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; TRANSPORT AB [1] We present water vapor measurements made by the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III instrument since May 1998 in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere. While POAM III is primarily a stratospheric instrument, many of the POAM III occultation measurements allow for the retrieval of water vapor in the upper troposphere. The Measurements of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus In-Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) instruments provide a large number of coincident measurements and thus offer the best opportunity to validate POAM measurements in the highly spatially variable regions of the upper troposphere-lowermost stratosphere, where the mixing ratios are much larger than those found throughout most of the stratosphere. The comparison shows that there is no statistically significant difference in the response of the two instruments to changes in water vapor and that in the regime where the MOZAIC measurements are thought to be most accurate, the water vapor mixing ratios measured by POAM are 10% higher. The POAM III Northern Hemisphere measurements are taken from 55 to 71 and show a qualitatively reasonable seasonal variation, with high mixing ratios in the upper troposphere in the summer and low mixing ratios in the winter. Comparisons of the seasonal variations of the POAM measurements with those from the upper tropospheric Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measurements from the early 1990s show qualitative similarities. The similar to1 km vertical resolution of POAM measurements allows us to study in greater detail than other satellite instruments the complex variations in water vapor that occur in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere. Among the interesting features observed is a rise in the level of the high-latitude hygropause from April through September. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Chem Polluted Atmosphere ICG2, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP USN, Res Lab, Cide 7227,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nedoluha@nrl.navy.mil; bevilacqua@nrl.navy.mil; karl.hoppel@nrl.navy.mil; lumpe@cpi.com; h.smit@kfa-juelich.de RI Smit, Herman/J-2397-2012 OI Smit, Herman/0000-0002-2268-4189 NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 107 IS D10 AR 4103 DI 10.1029/2001JD000793 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 609HA UT WOS:000178896500003 ER PT J AU Santee, ML Tabazadeh, A Manney, GL Fromm, MD Bevilacqua, RM Waters, JW Jensen, EJ AF Santee, ML Tabazadeh, A Manney, GL Fromm, MD Bevilacqua, RM Waters, JW Jensen, EJ TI A Lagrangian approach to studying Arctic polar stratospheric clouds using UARS MLS HNO3 and POAM II aerosol extinction measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID TRIHYDRATE; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; WINTER STRATOSPHERE; LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; VORTEX CONDITIONS; SULFURIC-ACID; WATER-VAPOR; OZONE LOSS; DENITRIFICATION AB [1] We assess the viability of diagnosing polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) composition and denitrification using existing satellite measurements. A Lagrangian approach is used to track PSC evolution from formation through dissipation. Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite Microwave Limb Sounder observations of gas-phase HNO3 and Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement II observations of aerosol extinction from the Arctic late winter of 1995/1996 are correlated and compared to results from PSC composition models along air parcel trajectories. This approach is successful in capturing the broad patterns of PSC development. That is, a strong correlation is found between low-temperature, low-HNO3, and high-extinction points. In most cases the observed behavior along the Lagrangian paths falls within the range predicted by equilibrium liquid ternary aerosol and nitric acid trihydrate composition models. At no time along the trajectories (when there is data coverage) do the models display large changes in either HNO3 or aerosol extinction that are not reflected in the data. In general, however, there is a large degree of overlap in the comparisons between the models and the data. Unmeasured quantities and large uncertainties in both measurements and model calculations preclude conclusive determination of PSC composition or phase in most cases. In the majority of PSC events studied, gas-phase HNO3 fully recovers to pre-PSC abundances following cloud evaporation. We conclude that while severe denitrification (50% or greater) may have occurred in highly localized regions in the Arctic in 1996, it did not occur over spatial scales comparable to or larger than the MLS field of view (similar to400 km x 200 km x 6 km), even though it was a relatively cold winter. Improved measurements from upcoming satellite missions, such as Earth Observing System Aura, will ameliorate many of the difficulties in diagnosing PSC composition and denitrification encountered in this study. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. RP Santee, ML (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 183-701,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mls@mls.jpl.nasa.gov RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010 NR 73 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 107 IS D10 AR 4098 DI 10.1029/2000JD000227 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 609HA UT WOS:000178896500008 ER PT J AU Fedder, JA Slinker, SP Lyon, JG Russell, CT AF Fedder, JA Slinker, SP Lyon, JG Russell, CT TI Flux transfer events in global numerical simulations of the magnetosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE MHD simulation; magnetopause; flux transfer event; magnetosphere; magnetic reconnection ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; SINGLE-X-LINE; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; PATCHY RECONNECTION; EARTHS MAGNETOPAUSE; ISEE-1 SPACECRAFT; SOLAR-WIND; ONSET; CONVECTION; PLASMA AB [1] A magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulation model is used to study nonsteady features of magnetic reconnection between southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the geomagnetic field. The magnetic field near the dayside magnetopause intermittently shows the bipolar normal magnetic field and field-aligned flow features that are similar to the observed flux transfer events. The results show that the magnetic signature extends outward into the magnetosheath and inward into the magnetosphere. The magnetic features are not steady, and they evolve as they propagate along the magnetopause. Magnetic field lines are traced from the magnetopause in order to show the connectivity of the field from the ionosphere to the solar wind. The results shown are consistent with Russell and Elphic's [1978] interpretation of the magnetic signals as evidence of nonsteady reconnection between the IMF and the geomagnetic field. Finally, we suggest a merging mechanism along the dayside magnetic null-null line that naturally leads to the observed magnetic structure. C1 USN, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Fedder, JA (reprint author), USN, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Code 6794,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 107 IS A5 AR 1048 DI 10.1029/2001JA000025 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 609ML UT WOS:000178909100017 ER PT J AU Jenkins, NW Bowman, SR Shaw, LB Lindle, JR AF Jenkins, NW Bowman, SR Shaw, LB Lindle, JR TI Spectroscopic analysis and laser modeling of neodymium-doped potassium lead chloride SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE neodymium; potassium lead chloride; spectroscopic data; laser modeling; cross-relaxation processes AB We present a discussion of the low-phonon energy host material potassium lead chloride, KPb2Cl5, doped with neodymium. Crystal growth, spectroscopic measurements, and an analysis of the magnetic and electric dipole transitions based on the Judd-Ofelt model are presented. Concentration quenching of the fluorescence is also examined. Based on the spectroscopic data and the known resonances in energy spacing of the first three excited states in neodymium, we suggest the possibility of a 3-for-1 cross-relaxation process. This process may efficiently populate the first excited state, I-4(11/2), which we show to be metastable with lifetime on the order of a few milliseconds. Population inversion of this level should be possible enabling a laser based on the 5.5-mum, I-4(11/2) to I-4(9/2) transition. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Infrared Mat Grp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Opt Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jenkins, NW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Code 5654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 11 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 97 IS 2 BP 127 EP 134 AR PII S0022-2313(01)00411-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-2313(01)00411-2 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 560HK UT WOS:000176076500005 ER PT J AU Narayan, RK Michel, ME AF Narayan, RK Michel, ME CA The Clin Trials Head Injury Study TI Clinical trials in head injury SO JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA LA English DT Article DE clinical trials; head injury; intracranial pressure; outcome measures; traumatic brain injury; trial design; uniformed consent ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; GLASGOW OUTCOME SCALE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE; MULTICENTER TRIAL; ANTAGONIST; DEXAMETHASONE; HU-211; NEUROPROTECTANT; HYDROPEROXIDES AB Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major public health problem globally. In the United States the incidence of closed head injuries admitted to hospitals is conservatively estimated to be 200 per 100,000 population, and the incidence of penetrating head injury is estimated to be 12 per 100,000, the highest of any developed country in the world. This yields an approximate number of 500,000 new cases each year, a sizeable proportion of which demonstrate signficant long-term disabilities. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of proven therapies for this disease. For a variety of reasons, clinical trials for this condition have been difficult to design and perform. Despite promising pre-clinical data, most of the trials that have been performed in recent years have failed to demonstrate any significant improvement in outcomes. The reasons for these failures have not always been apparent and any insights gained were not always shared. It was therefore feared that we were running the risk of repeating our mistakes. Recognizing the importance of TBI, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) sponsored a workshop that brought together experts from clinical,, research, and pharmaceutical backgrounds. This workshop proved to be very informative and yielded many insights into previous and future TBI trials. This paper is an attempt to summarize the key points made at the workshop. It is hoped that these lessons will enhance the planning and design of future efforts in this important field of research. C1 Temple Univ Hosp & Med Sch, Dept Neurosurg, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Bethesda, MD USA. NIH NCMRR, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. Univ Texas HSC, Houston, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL USA. Brain Trauma Fdn, New York, NY USA. Hosp Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA USA. Pfizer Global R&D, Ann Arbor, MI USA. NIH, NINDS, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Temple Univ, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. Food & Drug Adv, Rockville, MD USA. Sheba Med Ctr, Tel Hashomer, Israel. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Acad Hosp, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA. Parke Davis Pharmaceut Res, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA. Pharmos Corp, Iselin, NJ USA. Temple Univ, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. So Gen Hosp, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA USA. Allegheny Gen Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Kentucky, Chandler Med Ctr, Lexington, KY USA. Pfizer Pharmaceut Inc, Groton, CT USA. RP Narayan, RK (reprint author), Temple Univ Hosp & Med Sch, Dept Neurosurg, 3401 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. EM Narayan@nimbus.temple.edu RI Kochanek, Patrick/D-2371-2015 OI Kochanek, Patrick/0000-0002-2627-913X FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS038654-02, R01 NS038654] NR 50 TC 486 Z9 500 U1 0 U2 22 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0897-7151 J9 J NEUROTRAUM JI J. Neurotrauma PD MAY PY 2002 VL 19 IS 5 BP 503 EP 557 DI 10.1089/089771502753754037 PG 55 WC Critical Care Medicine; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 557PA UT WOS:000175915900001 PM 12042091 ER PT J AU Gorski, JJ AF Gorski, JJ TI Present state of numerical ship hydrodynamics and validation experiments SO JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE MECHANICS AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT OMAE 2001 Conference CY JUN 03-08, 2001 CL RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL SP OMAE DE Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes; grid generation; turbulence modeling; full-scale; free surface; propeller plane ID PROPELLER; FLOW; MODEL; HULL; CFD AB This paper gives a perspective oil the Current state of Computational and experimental ship hydrodynamics, which has experienced significant progress and rapid change recently. In particular, with the use of more powerful computers and parallel computations. Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) calculations are more feasible for support of design studies. Some of the areas where RANS computations are being used for surface ships are demonstrated and an attempt is made to provide an indication of where the naval community is at in its ability to accurately predict some of these complex flow phenomenon. Cocurrently, there have been efforts to obtain high quality experimental data for validating the computational tools. Such efforts have sought to obtain detailed flow field and wave height data in addition to conventional force data. This detailed information can be used to help quantify how accurately the flow physics can be predicted and begins to allow for a more formal verification and validation of the computations. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Gorski, JJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0892-7219 J9 J OFFSHORE MECH ARCT JI J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2002 VL 124 IS 2 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1115/1.1425397 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 557BN UT WOS:000175887600003 ER PT J AU Noh, Y Jang, CJ Yamagata, T Chu, PC Kim, CH AF Noh, Y Jang, CJ Yamagata, T Chu, PC Kim, CH TI Simulation of more realistic upper-ocean processes from an OGCM with a new ocean mixed layer model SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ANNUAL-MEAN CLIMATOLOGY; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; WORLD OCEAN; HEAT-FLUX; INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW; COARSE-RESOLUTION; TURBULENCE; TEMPERATURE AB A new ocean mixed layer model (OMLM) was embedded into an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) with the aim of providing an OGCM that is ideal for application to a climate model by predicting the sea surface temperature (SST) more accurately. The results from the new OMLM showed a significant improvement in the prediction of SST compared to the cases of constant vertical mixing and the vertical mixing scheme by Pacanowski and Philander. More accurate prediction of the SST from the new OMLM reduces the magnitude of the restoring term in the surface heat flux and thus provides a simulated ocean that can be coupled to the atmospheric general circulation model more naturally. The new OMLM was also shown to improve various other features of the OGCM such as the mixed layer depth and the equatorial circulation. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Phys, Tokyo, Japan. USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Korean Oceanog Res & Dev Inst, Ansan, South Korea. RP Noh, Y (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RI Yamagata, Toshio/A-1807-2009 NR 65 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1284 EP 1307 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<1284:SOMRUO>2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 547GW UT WOS:000175325500002 ER PT J AU Lach-hab, M Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ AF Lach-hab, M Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ TI Electronic structure calculations of lead chalcogenides PbS, PbSe, PbTe SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE chalcogenides; electronic structure; elastic properties ID EFFECTIVE MASSES; FINITE STRAIN; EXCHANGE; CRYSTAL AB In this work, we have extended our study of the mechanical properties and the electronic structure of PbTe to include other Pb chalcogenide compounds (PbSe, PbS). The calculations were performed self-consistently using the scalar-relativistic full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. Both the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to density-functional theory were applied. The equilibrium lattice constants and the bulk modulus of a number of structures (NaCl, CsCl, ZnS) were calculated as well as the elastic constants for the structures (NaCl, CsCl). The NaCl structure is found to be the most stable one among all the three phases considered. We have found that the GGA predicts the elastic constants in good agreement with experimental data. Both the LIDA and GGA were successful in predicting the location of the band gap at the L point of the Brillouin zone but they are inconclusive regarding the value of the band-gap width. To resolve the issue of the gap, we performed Slater-Koster (SK) tight-binding calculations, including the spin-orbit coupling in the SK Hamiltonian. The SK results that are based on our GGA calculations give the best agreement with experiment. Results are reported for the pressure dependence of the energy gap of these compounds in the NaCl structure. The pressure variation of the energy gap indicates a transition to a metallic phase at high pressure. Band structure calculations in the CsCl structure show a metallic state for all compounds. The electronic band structure in the ZnS phase shows an indirect band gap at the W and X point of the Brillouin zone. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM papacon@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 32 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 4 U2 59 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD MAY PY 2002 VL 63 IS 5 BP 833 EP 841 AR PII S0022-3697(01)0237-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(01)00237-2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 536BN UT WOS:000174681000016 ER PT J AU Homrighausen, CL Keller, TM AF Homrighausen, CL Keller, TM TI Synthesis of hydroxy-terminated, oligomeric poly(silarylene disiloxane)s via rhodium-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling and their use in the aminosilane-disilanol polymerization reaction SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE elastomers; polysiloxanes; thermosets; high-temperature materials ID SILARYLENE-SILOXANE POLYMERS; CROSS-DEHYDROCOUPLING POLYMERIZATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE ELASTOMERS; DIACETYLENE POLYMERS; COPOLYMERS AB A series of oligomeric, hydroxy-terminated silarylene-siloxane prepolymers of various lengths were prepared via dehydrogenative coupling between 1,4-bis(dimethylsilyl)benzene [H(CH3)(2)SiC6H4Si(CH3)(2)H] and excess 1,4-bis(hydroxydimethylsilyl)benzene [HO(CH3)(2)SiC6H4Si(CH3)(2)OH] in the presence of a catalytic amount of Wilkinson's catalyst [(Ph3P)(3)RhCl]. Attempts to incorporate the diacetylene units via dehydrogenative coupling polymerization between 1,4-bis(dimethylsilyl)butadiyne [H(CH3)(2)Si-CdropC-CdropC-Si(CH3)(2)H] and the hydroxy-terminated prepolymers were unsuccessful. The diacetylene units were incorporated into the polymer main chain via aminosilane-disilanol polycondensation between 1,4-bis(dimethylaminodimethylsilyl)butadiyne [(CH3)(2)N-Si(CH3)(2)-CdropC-CdropC-(CH3)(2)SiN(CH3)(2)] and the hydroxy-terminated prepolymers. Linear polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, H-1 and C-13 NMR, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis, and they were thermally crosslinked through the diacetylene units, producing networked polymeric systems. The thermooxidative stability of the networked polymers is discussed. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keller, TM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1334 EP 1341 DI 10.1002/pola.10110 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 544VB UT WOS:000175181400014 ER PT J AU Paik, CM Michael, WB AF Paik, CM Michael, WB TI Further psychometric evaluation of the Japanese version of an academic self-concept scale SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Japanese version; scale evaluation; self-concept ID CONSTRUCT-VALIDITY; PORTUGUESE VERSION; VALIDATION AB In the present study, the author replicated earlier research (Paik & Michael, 1999) seeking additional information on the reliability and construct validity of a Japanese academic self-concept scale, a 70-item questionnaire comprising 5 subscales (Aspiration, Anxiety, Academic Interest and Satisfaction, Leadership and Initiative, and Identification vs. Alienation). A sample of 196 Japanese high school students completed the scale. Internal consistency reliability for the 5 subscales ranged from .75 to .87. Confirmatory factor analyses performed on several alternative models showed that the a priori 5-factor model fit the observed data best-a finding consistent with the previous study. Results of Z tests revealed statistically significant score differences between genders and between high and low academic achievers. C1 USN Acad, Language Studies Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Educ, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Paik, CM (reprint author), USN Acad, Language Studies Dept, 10C, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0022-3980 J9 J PSYCHOL JI J. Psychol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 136 IS 3 BP 298 EP 306 PG 9 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 586GB UT WOS:000177575300005 PM 12206278 ER PT J AU Gomez, JT Shukla, A Sharma, A AF Gomez, JT Shukla, A Sharma, A TI Photoelastic evaluation of stress fields and fracture during dynamic splitting experiments SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE photoelasticity; Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar; tensile strength; dynamic splitting; high-speed photography ID TESTS AB Dynamic tensile-splitting experiments were conducted on brittle polyester disks, manufactured from Homalite(R)-100, to photoelastically visualize stress field development in the specimens and. ultimately, specimen fracture. A Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) was used to load the specimen dynamically and record load data as a function of time. Images of the,tress Field were captured with high-speed photography and interpreted using photoelastic analysis. The experiments determined that the specimens reached an equilibrium state relatively quickly, and remained in equilibrium until fracture. Fracture began with in-plane cracks forming on either side of the specimen. Transverse cracks emanated from the in-plane cracks, then propagated across the specimen mid-plane at velocities up to 60% of the shear wave velocity in the material. Contact loads calculated from photoelasticity agreed favorably with SHPB results. These experiments also allowed for the determination of the dynamic splitting strength of the Homalite(R)-100 as a function of strain rate. The dynamic splitting strength of the material increased with the increasing strain rate, reaching a maximum value of about twice the static splitting strength. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Gomez, JT (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 186 EP 196 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 555CD UT WOS:000175774900002 ER PT J AU Snow, ES Campbell, PM Novak, JP AF Snow, ES Campbell, PM Novak, JP TI Atomic force microscopy using single-wall C nanotube probes SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID DER-WAALS ATTRACTION; CARBON NANOTUBES; TIPS; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; GROWTH AB We examine the factors that govern the stability and resolution of atomic force microscopy (AFM) using single-wall C nanotubes as imaging probes. Nonvertical alignment of the nanotubes with respect to the sample surface causes such probes to bend in response to the surface - nanotube interaction forces during imaging. For long nanotubes this bending response causes the nanotube tip to jump into contact with the surface and renders it unsuitable for imaging. For short nanotubes, stable noncontact-mode imaging can be achieved using a small cantilever vibration amplitude. In such cases it is possible to achieve lateral resolution that is comparable to the diameter of the nanotube. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 20 IS 3 BP 822 EP 827 DI 10.1116/1.1469017 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 565FH UT WOS:000176358300012 ER PT J AU Ramsamooj, DV Shugar, TA AF Ramsamooj, DV Shugar, TA TI Reliability analysis of fatigue life of the connectors-the US mobile offshore base SO MARINE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB Reliability-based design analysis of the fatigue life of the connectors of the five sections of the 2-km long US Mobile Offshore Base (MOB) is demonstrated. A performance function is defined in terms of the nominal stress range, inherent defect or starter crack, and appropriate material properties, which are considered random variables. The reliability analysis is performed for a sea state 1-8 (SS1-8) random loading having a Gumbel distribution. Where possible, uncertainty data for random variables are obtained from published data relating to the fatigue of metal and metal alloys. Otherwise, judgmental coefficients of variation are prescribed for purposes of demonstration. The fatigue life is assumed to follow the Weibull distribution. The reliability function is defined in terms of the mean life and the total uncertainty in the fatigue life. Preliminary reliability calculations suggest that current design stress levels be reduced to meet the current fatigue life target reliability level for the MOB connectors. An illustrative design is demonstrated and the metal selected for a fatigue design of the connectors for 10 million cycles with a reliability of 0.99 at a nominal stress of 203 MPa is HY-130 steel. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Civil Engn, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA USA. RP Ramsamooj, DV (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Civil Engn, POB 6870, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8339 J9 MAR STRUCT JI Mar. Struct. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 233 EP 250 AR PII S0951-8339(01)00028-4 DI 10.1016/S0951-8339(01)00028-4 PG 18 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 561XK UT WOS:000176168200002 ER PT J AU McBride, WM AF McBride, WM TI Improbable warriors: Women scientists and the US Navy in World War II SO MARINERS MIRROR LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McBride, WM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NAUTICAL RESEARCH PI LONDON PA NATIONAL MARITIME MUSEUM GREENWICH, LONDON SE10 9NF, ENGLAND SN 0025-3359 J9 MARINERS MIRROR JI Mar. Mirror PD MAY PY 2002 VL 88 IS 2 BP 251 EP 252 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 550WL UT WOS:000175527400040 ER PT J AU Prokes, SM Carlos, WE Seals, L Lewis, S Gole, JL AF Prokes, SM Carlos, WE Seals, L Lewis, S Gole, JL TI Formation of ferromagnetic Ni/SiO2 nanospheres SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ferromagnetic; nanospheres; Ni/SiO2 ID LASER-ABLATION; SI NANOWIRES AB Dispersed SiO2 nanospheres have been nickel-plated using an electroless-plating solution. Magnetic resonance (MR) experiments have been performed on these samples. The MR signals demonstrate the presence of Ni+2 and Ni+3 paramagnetic centers, which are most easily seen below 40 K, and ferromagnetic metallic Ni, which can be readily seen above 40 K. The MR results also indicate only the presence of paramagnetic Ni+3 in a dried sample of the Ni-plating solution that does not contain any SiO2 nanospheres. These results suggest that an interfacial reaction at the surface of the SiO2 nanospheres leads to the formation of ferromagnetic Ni, which deposits onto the spheres and forms a Ni/SiO2 nanosphere composite. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6862,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 54 IS 1 BP 85 EP 88 AR PII S0167-577X(01)00623-1 DI 10.1016/S0167-577X(01)00623-1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 551JL UT WOS:000175557200015 ER PT J AU Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Lograsso, TA AF Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Lograsso, TA TI Magnetostrictive properties of galfenol alloys under compressive stress SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE magnetostriction; Galfenol; iron-gallium alloys ID FE-GA; AL ALLOYS AB Fe-Ga alloys, in which the alpha-Fe structure is maintained, are rich sources of high strength, low cost magnetostrictive alloys for transducer and vibration reduction applications. Although the magnetostriction of Fe itself is very low, when a relatively small fraction of the Fe atoms are replaced by Ga, the magnetostriction, (3/2)lambda(100), increases greatly. Until recently, the highest magnetostriction was found with the replacement of Fe by Al (Alfenol). In this paper, we present our measurements of magnetostriction on Fe1-xGax, 0.13 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.24, (Galfenol). With the substitution of 19% Ga for Fe in Fe1-xGax, a 12-fold increase in magnetostriction to similar to400 ppm occurs, even though Ga is non-magnetic. In these alloys, the saturation magnetizations remain high, M-s congruent to 1.7 T, and the Curie temperatures are far above room temperature, T-C congruent to 700degreesC. In most alloys studied, the magnetostrictions and magnetizations are fully saturated in fields less than 24 kA/m, even under compressive stresses > 100 MPa. For x = 0.24 (near Fe3Ga), an anomalous increase in magnetostriction with temperature occurs with a peak magnetostriction above room temperature. Small additions of Ni and Mo to the binary Fe-Ga alloys decrease the room temperature value of lambda(100). C1 Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Clark, AE (reprint author), Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 111 Z9 118 U1 7 U2 28 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 IS 5 SI SI BP 881 EP 886 DI 10.2320/matertrans.43.881 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 562RE UT WOS:000176212100021 ER PT J AU Gelaro, R Rosmond, T Daley, R AF Gelaro, R Rosmond, T Daley, R TI Singular vector calculations with an analysis error variance metric SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM; ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; OPTIMAL PERTURBATIONS; TARGETING OBSERVATIONS; BAROCLINIC WAVES; PREDICTABILITY; FASTEX; SENSITIVITY; MODEL; CIRCULATION AB Singular vectors of the navy's global forecast model are calculated using an initial norm consistent with an estimate of analysis error variance provided by the Naval Research Laboratory's (NRL) Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS). The variance estimate is based on a decomposition of the block diagonal preconditioner for the conjugate-gradient descent algorithm used in NAVDAS. Because the inverse square root of the operator that defines the variance norm is readily computed, the leading singular vectors are obtained using a standard Lanczos algorithm, as with diagonal norms such as total energy. The resulting singular vectors are consistent with the expected distribution of analysis errors. Compared with singular vectors based on a total energy norm, the variance singular vectors at initial time have less amplitude over well-observed areas, as well as greater amplitude in the middle and upper troposphere. The variance singular vectors are in some ways similar to the full covariance (Hessian) singular vectors developed at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). However, unlike the Hessian singular vectors, the variance singular vectors exhibit only minor difference in structure and growth rate compared with total energy singular vectors. This is because the variance singular vectors exclude covariance information used in NAVDAS that significantly penalizes smaller scales. The 20 leading analysis error variance singular vectors explain approximately the same fraction of forecast error variance as the total energy singular vectors in a linear context, but less in a nonlinear context. Deficiencies in the current experimental configuration are among the reasons suspected for this. Implications for targeted observing are also examined. The results show that the variance norm can have a significant impact on determining the locations for supplemental observations. C1 Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Gelaro, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Data Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 50 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 130 IS 5 BP 1166 EP 1186 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<1166:SVCWAA>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 537WH UT WOS:000174782300005 ER PT J AU Pietron, JJ Stroud, RM Rolison, DR AF Pietron, JJ Stroud, RM Rolison, DR TI Using three dimensions in catalytic mesoporous nanoarchitectures SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPPORTED GOLD CATALYSTS; TEMPERATURE CO OXIDATION; PRECIPITATED METAL-HYDROXIDES; CLUSTER MOLECULES; AU CATALYSTS; AEROGELS; TIO2; COMPLEXES; AU/TIO2; SIZE AB Gold-titania (Au-TiO2) composite aerogels were synthesized, characterized, and tested as ambient-temperature oxidation catalysts for carbon monoxide. Adding alkanethiolate-monolayer-protected gold clusters (with similar to2-nm Au cores) directly to titania sol before gelation yields uniformly dispersed guests in the composite aerogel. The Au guests aggregate to similar to6 nm upon calcination to remove the alkanethiolate and crystallize amorphous titania to anatase. The resulting composite aerogel exhibits high catalytic activity toward CO oxidation at room temperature at Au particle sizes that are essentially inactive in prior Au-TiO2 catalysts. Transmission electron microscopy illustrates the three-dimensional nature of the catalytic nanoarchitecture in which the Au guests contact multiple anatase nanocrystallites. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 30 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 2 IS 5 BP 545 EP 549 DI 10.1021/nl025536s PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 552FR UT WOS:000175609200022 ER PT J AU Pugh, KG Lipsitz, LA AF Pugh, KG Lipsitz, LA TI The microvascular frontal-subcortical syndrome of aging SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Review DE subcortical; aging; cerebrovascular disease; white matter; leukoaraiosis ID WHITE-MATTER LESIONS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; EXECUTIVE COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; SILENT CEREBRAL INFARCTION; HEALTHY ELDERLY SUBJECTS; LATE-ONSET DEPRESSION; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; VASCULAR DEMENTIA; MAJOR DEPRESSION AB Many features of aging suggest dysfunction in both frontal and subcortical regions. Connections between the two areas form a series of pathways that critically influence various aspects of cognition. motor control. affect. and as recently discovered, normal urinary function. Age-related changes in the structure and integrity of these circuits may be associated with cognitive impairment, mood disorders, loss of balance. falls. and urinary dysfunction. In addition. cardiovascular risk factors in elderly people are associated with the development of cerebral microangiopathic changes in both the periventricular white matter and basal ganglia. These lesions are common. usually unsuspected, and were previously believed to be clinically innocuous. However, increasing evidence supports a role for these lesions as a cause for both dysfunction in frontal-subcortical systems, and many clinical features of aging that account for substantial disability. Because this form of cerebrovascular disease is potentially preventable, interventions that address risk factors for the development of cerebral microangiopathy may go a long way in preventing disability for the next generation of elderly persons. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gerontol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Boston, MA 02131 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Aging, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USN, Sch Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Lipsitz, LA (reprint author), Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gerontol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 04390, AG 05134] NR 133 TC 143 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 421 EP 431 AR PII S0197-4580(01)00319-0 DI 10.1016/S0197-4580(01)00319-0 PG 11 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 544TA UT WOS:000175175600012 PM 11959405 ER PT J AU Ma, W Shaffer, KM Pancrazio, JJ O'Shaughnessy, TJ Stenger, DA Zhang, L Barker, JL Maric, D AF Ma, W Shaffer, KM Pancrazio, JJ O'Shaughnessy, TJ Stenger, DA Zhang, L Barker, JL Maric, D TI Toluene inhibits muscarinic receptor-mediated cytosolic Ca2+ responses in neural precursor cells SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neural stem cell; Ca2+ imaging; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor; 5-bromo-2 '-deoxyuridine; toluene ID ABUSE EMBRYOPATHY; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; IN-VITRO; RAT; CALCIUM; DELINEATION; EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION; CHANNELS; ETHANOL AB Toluene is widely used as a component in industrial solvents and many toluene-containing products are abused via inhalation. While many studies have demonstrated its inhibitory effects on neuronal activity, the effects of toluene on receptor signaling in proliferating and differentiating neural precursor cells are presently unclear. Here, using digital video microscopy and Ca2+ imaging, we investigated the effects of acute exposure to toluene on the function of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) expressed in neural precursor cells. The neural precursor cells were isolated from embryonic day 13 (E13) rat cortex and expanded in serum-free medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). We found that the acetylcholine (ACh) analog carbachol (CCh) induced a dose-dependent increase in cytosolic Ca2+ which was blocked by the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine in a reversible manner Toluene was added to the perfusion medium and concentrations of toluene in the medium were determined by gas chromatographic analysis. Following imaging, the cells were fixed and processed for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU, cell proliferation marker) and beta-tubulin (TuJ1, neuronal marker) immunostaining. In the 5 day culture, most cells continued to divide (BrdU(+)), while a few cells differentiated into young neurons (TuJ1(+)). The CCh-induced Ca2+ elevations in proliferating (BrdU(+)TuJ1(-)) neural precursor cells were significantly reduced by acute exposure to 0.15 mM toluene and completely blocked by 10 mM toluene. Toluene's inhibition of muscarinic receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling was rapid, reversible and dose-dependent with an IC50 value 0.5 mM. Since muscarinic receptors mediate cell proliferation and differentiation during neural precursor cell development, these results suggest that depression of muscarinic signaling may play a role in toluene's teratogenic effect on the developing nervous system. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NINDS, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ma, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,4555Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAY PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 AR PII S0161-813X(01)00084-5 DI 10.1016/S0161-813X(01)00084-5 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 576XU UT WOS:000177033100006 ER PT J AU Blundell, KM Rawlings, S Willott, CJ Kassim, NE Perley, R AF Blundell, KM Rawlings, S Willott, CJ Kassim, NE Perley, R TI Radio galaxy evolution: what you can learn from a brief encounter SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Life Cycles of Radio Galaxies CY JUL 15-17, 1999 CL SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST, BALTIMORE, MD HO SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST DE galaxies : evolution; radiation mechanisms : non-thermal; radio continuum : galaxies; quasars : general ID HIGH-RESOLUTION MAPS; 3.6 CM; STELLAR POPULATIONS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; COMPLETE SAMPLES; QUASARS; SPECTRA; Z-SIMILAR-TO-1; DUST AB We describe the pitfalls encountered in deducing from classical double radio source observables (luminosity, spectral index, redshift and linear size) the essential nature of how these objects evolve. We discuss the key role played by hotspots in governing the energy distribution of the lobes they feed, and subsequent spectral evolution. We present images obtained using the new 74 MHz receivers on the VLA and discuss constraints which these enforce on models of the backflow and ages in classical doubles. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Inst Astrofis Canarias, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Spain. NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NRAO, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Univ Oxford, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. EM kmb@astro.ox.ac.uk NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 EI 1872-9630 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 46 IS 2-7 BP 75 EP 87 AR PII S1387-6473(01)00160-9 DI 10.1016/S1387-6473(01)00160-9 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 554CX UT WOS:000175717000006 ER PT J AU Young, A Rudnick, L Katz-Stone, DM O'Donoghue, AA AF Young, A Rudnick, L Katz-Stone, DM O'Donoghue, AA TI Electron population aging models for wide-angle tails SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Life Cycles of Radio Galaxies CY JUL 15-17, 1999 CL SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND HO SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST DE galaxies : evolution, magnetic fields; radiation mechanisms : non-thermal; radio continuum : galaxies ID RADIO AB Color-color diagrams have been useful in studying the spectral shapes in radio galaxies. At the workshop we presented color-color diagrams for two wide-angle tails, 1231+674 and 1433+553, and found that the standard aging models do not adequately represent the observed data. Although the JP and KP models can explain some of the observed points in the color-color diagram, they do not account for those found near the power-law line. This difficulty may be attributable to several causes. Spectral tomography has been previously used to discern two separate electron populations in these sources. The combination spectra from two such overlying components can easily resemble a range of power-laws. In addition, any non-uniformity in the magnetic field strength can also create a power-law-like spectrum. We will also discuss the effects that angular resolution has on the shape of the spectrum. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. St Lawrence Univ, Dept Phys, Canton, NY 13617 USA. RP Young, A (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 46 IS 2-7 BP 105 EP 107 AR PII S1387-6473(01)00164-6 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 554CX UT WOS:000175717000010 ER PT J AU Hambric, SA Cuschieri, JM Halkyard, CR Mace, BR Szwerc, RR AF Hambric, SA Cuschieri, JM Halkyard, CR Mace, BR Szwerc, RR TI Low-frequency measurements and predictions of the structural-acoustic properties of the INCE standard T-beam structure SO NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POWER FLOW APPROACH; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; L-SHAPED PLATE; INTENSITY; TRANSMISSION AB This paper assembles and examines a collection of measurements and predictions of the low-frequency (< 1 kHz) structural-acoustic behavior of the INCE standard T-beam made by several investigators using different techniques, and in some cases, different hardware. The T-beam is one of a series of INCE standard test structures, which includes ribbed panels and flexible panels coupled to rigid walled enclosures. The assembled methods and data are examined to provide guidance regarding procedures for accurate measurements and modeling of connected beam structures. Modes, power input spectra, power dissipation in the legs of the T-beam, and structure-borne power through the legs are presented, all using consistent T-beam properties, for the first time. Finite element (beam and solid element models), analytic wave-based, and mobility power flow predictions compare very well to measurements made on two nominally identical T-beams. Some discrepancies between the various predictions and the measured data remain unresolved, however, and it appears that the key issue in predicting accurate structure-borne power flow behavior in connected beam structures is how best to represent the joints, which need to be modeled as finite sized connections between the legs. One of the key issues in making accurate structure-borne power measurements is careful alignment of the driving hardware (usually shakers) to the test structure to avoid inadvertently exciting resonances not of interest. Also, care must be taken to ensure precise phase calibration between sensors and to account for mass loading effects of shakers and other instrumentation hardware when comparing measured and predicted datasets. (C) 2002 Institute of Noise Control Engineering. C1 Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Ocean Engn, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Univ Auckland, Dept Engn Mech, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Univ Southampton, Dynam Grp, Inst Sound & Vibrat Res, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Hambric, SA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, POB 30, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. EM sah@wt.arl.psu.edu OI Mace, Brian/0000-0003-3312-4918 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV, COLLEGE ENGINEERING, 212 MARSTON HALL, AMES, IA 50011-2152 USA SN 0736-2501 J9 NOISE CONTROL ENG J JI Noise Control Eng. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 90 EP 99 DI 10.3397/1.2839681 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 624ZP UT WOS:000179792400002 ER PT J AU Blau, J Bouras, V Colson, WB Polykandriotis, K Kalfoutzos, A Benson, SV Neil, GR AF Blau, J Bouras, V Colson, WB Polykandriotis, K Kalfoutzos, A Benson, SV Neil, GR TI Simulations of the 100 kW TJNAF FEL using a step-tapered undulator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Free Electron Laser Conference/8th FEL Users Workshop CY AUG 20-24, 2001 CL DARMSTADT, GERMANY SP Deutech Forsch Gemeinsch, Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron, Vacuumschmelze GmbH, ACCEL, Agilent Technol, BESSY, Comp Simulat Technol, Univ Darmstadt DE free-electron-laser ID 2-COLOR OPERATION AB The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) free electron laser (FEL) can be upgraded to operate at 100 kW average power in the near future using a configuration that recirculates the electron beam to recover energy. It is important to extract the maximum energy from the electron beam in a pass through the undulator while inducing the minimum amount of exhaust energy spread. A larger energy extraction reduces the requirement for a large recirculating current, while a smaller exhaust energy spread allows the intense electron beam to be recirculated Without damaging components. To improve FEL performance, we explore the use of the step-tapered undulator, which alters the resonance condition halfway through the undulator. Short Pulses complicate the desired interaction. Comparisons are made to the conventional periodic and linearly-tapered undulators. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Free Electron Laser Dept, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Colson, WB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 483 IS 1-2 BP 138 EP 141 AR PII S0168-9002(02)00299-1 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)00299-1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 568DK UT WOS:000176527000027 ER PT J AU Blau, J Campbell, T Colson, WB Ng, I Ossenfort, W Benson, SV Neil, GR Shinn, MD AF Blau, J Campbell, T Colson, WB Ng, I Ossenfort, W Benson, SV Neil, GR Shinn, MD TI Simulations of the 100 kW TJNAF FEL using a short Rayleigh length SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Free Electron Laser Conference/8th FEL Users Workshop CY AUG 20-24, 2001 CL DARMSTADT, GERMANY SP Deutech Forsch Gemeinsch, Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron, Vacuumschmelze GmbH, ACCEL, Agilent Technol, BESSY, Comp Simulat Technol, Univ Darmstadt DE free-electron laser AB The TJNAF FEL can be upgraded to operate at 100 kW average power and then explore the use of a short Rayleigh length in order to reduce the power density on the resonator mirrors. The short Rayleigh length can only work with a relatively short undulator. Multimode simulations are used to self-consistently model the optical mode interaction with the electron beam. The steady-state resonator mode is affected by the complex, non-linear electron beam evolution as well as the resonator design. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Free Electron Laser Dept, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Colson, WB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 483 IS 1-2 BP 142 EP 145 AR PII S0168-9002(02)00300-5 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)00300-5 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 568DK UT WOS:000176527000028 ER PT J AU Gordon, DF Hafizi, B Roberson, CW Sprangle, P AF Gordon, DF Hafizi, B Roberson, CW Sprangle, P TI Self-compensation for the axial velocity spread in a wiggler field SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Free Electron Laser Conference/8th FEL Users Workshop CY AUG 20-24, 2001 CL DARMSTADT, GERMANY SP Deutech Forsch Gemeinsch, Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron, Vacuumschmelze GmbH, ACCEL, Agilent Technol, BESSY, Comp Simulat Technol, Univ Darmstadt DE space charge; beam quality; self-field ID BEAM AB In order to obtain optimal performance from a free-electron laser (FEL), the axial velocity spread on the electron beam must be small as it propagates through the wiggler field. Treated separately, both the wiggler-induced betatron motions and the self-induced space-charge forces tend to increase the axial velocity spread and degrade the performance of the FEL. However, it has been shown analytically by Hafizi and Roberson (Phys. Plasmas 3 (1996) 2156) that when both effects are treated self-consistently an equilibrium exists wherein the space charge forces exactly compensate for the betatron motion. This leads to the surprising result that for a continuous beam, increasing, the beam current can improve the beam quality. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council Associate, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. Off Naval Res, Phys Sci Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council Associate, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 483 IS 1-2 BP 534 EP 536 AR PII S0168-9002(02)00376-5 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)00376-5 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 568DK UT WOS:000176527000104 ER PT J AU Ila, D Zimmerman, RL Muntele, CI Thevenard, P Orucevic, F Santamaria, CL Guichard, PS Schiestel, S Carosella, CA Hubler, GK Poker, DB Hensley, DK AF Ila, D Zimmerman, RL Muntele, CI Thevenard, P Orucevic, F Santamaria, CL Guichard, PS Schiestel, S Carosella, CA Hubler, GK Poker, DB Hensley, DK TI Nano-cluster engineering: A combined ion implantation/co-deposition and ionizing radiation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL ID ALUMINA-SILICA GLASS; COLLOIDAL AU; NANOCLUSTERS AB We have used the energy deposited due to the electronic excitation by post-implantation irradiation to induce the nucleation of nano-clusters of Au in silica. We have produced the Au/silica by two methods. (A) MeV An implantation into silica, (B) producing thin films of a combined Art and silica on a silica substrate, using co-deposition of gold and silica. The process of ion beam assisted nucleation of nano-clusters was used to reduce the threshold implantation dose, or the An concentration in the silica host, required to produce An nano-crystals by at least two orders of magnitude. In this presentation, we applied a similar technique, post-irradiation electronic excitation, to films produced by both ion implantation of Au into silica as well as to films produced using co-deposition of gold and silica. By a co-deposition technique, gold and silica (co-deposited at various concentrations) are grown, then post-irradiated. The resultant An nano-cluster formation was observed and Studied using optical spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction. RBS and TEM. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Ctr Irradiat Mat, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Univ Lyon 1, F-69365 Lyon, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ila, D (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Ctr Irradiat Mat, POB 14, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM ila@cim.aamu.edu RI Orucevic, Fedja/C-1248-2013; Hensley, Dale/A-6282-2016 OI Hensley, Dale/0000-0001-8763-7765 NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 2002 VL 191 BP 416 EP 421 AR PII S0168-583X(02)00584-0 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)00584-0 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 571AH UT WOS:000176692300081 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Kim, C Yousuf, M AF Qadri, SB Kim, C Yousuf, M TI X-ray reflectivity of ion-beam-deposited Ag/Al multilayers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ion-Beam Analysis (IBA-15) CY JUL 15-20, 2001 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA DE Ag/Al multilayers; X-ray diffraction ID STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; SPUTTERED CU/NI; FILMS AB Multilayer films with modulation wavelengths between 1.35 and 21.3 nm, and a total thickness of less than 1 mum were deposited using dual-ion-beam sputtering technique. X-ray reflectivity of the Ag/Al multilayers with 2, 4, 8 and 14, deposited on silicon substrates was measured using high-resolution diffractometer. From the analysis of the data, it has been shown that both the period and the refractive index can be obtained simultaneously from these measurements. In this formulation, Bragg equation corrected for the refractive index of the multilayer film is used. For short modulation wavelengths, less than 3.5 nm, an additional layer of intermetallic Ag(2)AI was formed as determined by the X-ray diffraction peaks. The average lattice parameter was reduced for shorter modulation wavelengths and approached the bulk value for wavelengths above 5.0 nm. The reduced lattice parameter for shorter wavelengths is consistent with the recent results on the nanometer-sized particles of other materials and could be explained arising due to surface energy consideration. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6372, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 2002 VL 190 BP 817 EP 820 AR PII S0168-583X(01)01188-0 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(01)01188-0 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 560YK UT WOS:000176108800164 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Molnar, B Yousuf, M Carosella, CA AF Qadri, SB Molnar, B Yousuf, M Carosella, CA TI X-ray determination of strain in ion implanted GaN SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ion-Beam Analysis (IBA-15) CY JUL 15-20, 2001 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA DE GaN; ion implantation; X-ray diffraction AB The out-of-plane c, and in-plane a, lattice parameters of wurtzite gallium nitride (GaN) films. grown on the [0001] basal plane of sapphire have been determined and the impact of ion implantation having dose between 5 x 10(13) and 5 x 10(15) cm(-2) investigated. The thickness of the GaN layers was in the 1-3.5 mum range. The overall effect of the (0001) GaN growth on (0001) sapphire is biaxial compression in wurtzite alpha-GaN. Earlier X-ray studies have indicated that the films of GaN grow either purely in alpha-GaN phase or in alpha-GaN phase with a Cubic beta-GaN component. In contrast. our high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement revealed two isostructural polymorphs of alpha-GaN phases having different lattice parameters. influence of ion implantation is to increase the values of lattice parameters a and c and could be rationalized in terms of an increase in the defects. At doses above 5 x 10(15) cm(-2), XRD analysis indicates the existence of an amorphous layer preventing the determination of a and c accurately. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, NRL Code 6683, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 2002 VL 190 BP 878 EP 881 AR PII S0168-583X(01)01189-2 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(01)01189-2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 560YK UT WOS:000176108800177 ER PT J AU Bidus, MA Ries, A Magann, EF Martin, JN AF Bidus, MA Ries, A Magann, EF Martin, JN TI Markedly elevated beta-hCG levels in a normal singleton gestation with hyperreactio luteinalis SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PREGNANCY AB BACKGROUND: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the trophoblast early in pregnancy and peaks at a level of approximately 100,000 IU/liter around the ninth week of gestation. Abnormally high levels are usually noted in association with multiple gestation, molar gestation, and specific ovarian or gestational malignancies. CASES: A multiparous patient in the second trimester was referred for evaluation after a maternal triple marker screen was incalculable due to a beta-hCG level of 2.1 million IU/L. Targeted sonography revealed bilateral complex adnexal masses with a solid component of the left ovary, a normal fetus, and normal placenta. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy at 18 weeks' gestational age. A left oophorectomy was performed. Pathology confirmed hyperreactio luteinalis. The remainder of the pregnancy was remarkable for preterm labor and delivery at 35 weeks' gestational age. At delivery, the hCG level was noted to be 24,210 IU/L, and the fetus and placenta were normal. CONCLUSION: Markedly elevated hCG levels rarely occur in normal singleton pregnancy and can be associated with hyperreactio luteinalis. When noted, a work-up to evaluate possible malignancy, molar gestation, and multiple gestation should be pursued. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bremerton, WA USA. RP Martin, JN (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. NR 8 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 99 IS 5 SU S BP 958 EP 961 AR PII S0029-7844(02)01983-X DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)01983-X PN 2 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 550BR UT WOS:000175484200035 PM 11975975 ER PT J AU Boo, SY AF Boo, SY TI Linear and nonlinear irregular waves and forces in a numerical wave tank SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE irregular waves; numerical wave tank; higher order boundary element method; open boundary modeling ID BOUNDARY-CONDITION; TRAINS AB A time-domain higher-order boundary element scheme was utilized to simulate the linear and nonlinear irregular waves and diffractions due to a structure. Upon the second-order irregular waves with four Airy wave components being fed through the inflow boundary, the fully nonlinear boundary problem was solved in a time-marching scheme. The open boundary was modeled by combining an absorbing beach and the stretching technique. The proposed numerical scheme was verified by simulating the linear regular and irregular waves. The scheme was further applied to compute the linear and nonlinear irregular wave diffraction forces acting on a vertical truncated circular cylinder. The nonlinear results were also verified by checking the accuracy of the nonlinear simulation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Boo, SY (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 19 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 29 IS 5 BP 475 EP 493 DI 10.1016/S0029-8018(01)00055-5 PG 19 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 512FX UT WOS:000173311400001 ER PT J AU Priest, RG Meier, SR AF Priest, RG Meier, SR TI Polarimetric microfacet scattering theory with applications to absorptive and reflective surfaces SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE polarization; scattering; infrared ID ROUGH SURFACE; MATRIX AB We investigate the polarimetric scattering properties of highly absorbing and highly reflective rough surfaces in the IR. We obtain Mueller matrix measurements from these surfaces and compare the data to a Fresnel model. From the data, we determine that a rough, highly absorbing surface has a higher degree of polarization compared to a rough, highly reflective surface. In addition, we present a full polarimetric version of the microfacet model and discuss its properties. This closed-form result for the polarimetric bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is derived from the microfacet model. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical instrumentation Engineers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Priest, RG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5600, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 5 BP 988 EP 993 DI 10.1117/1.1467360 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 551VQ UT WOS:000175583500013 ER PT J AU Nee, SM Nee, TW AF Nee, SM Nee, TW TI Principal Mueller matrix of reflection and scattering measured for a one-dimensional rough surface SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE polarization; scattering; reflection; rough surface; depolarization; ellipsometry; Mueller matrix ID NEAR-SPECULAR SCATTERING; NULL ELLIPSOMETRY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; STOKES MATRIX; DEPOLARIZATION; POLARIZATION; ELEMENTS AB Reflectance R, ellipsometric parameters (psi, Delta), depolarizations D, and cross-polarized depolarization D-v of specular reflection, and scattering by a rough stainless steel surface are measured using a null ellipsometer. The three polarization elements (P-x, P-y, P-z) of a principal Mueller matrix are obtained from D, psi, and Delta. The measured psi and Delta of specular reflection for incident angle theta>70 deg are fit to the Fresnel equations to obtain n and k. The measured specular R(theta) is fit to Beckmann's scattering theory to obtain the root mean square (rms) roughness sigma. The fit sigma (= 392 nm) is of the same order as the stylus measured sigma (= 484 nm). The D of specular reflection is small (< 0.07). Scattering measurements are made with variable sample orientation at a detection direction 40 deg backward from the incident direction. The D-v of scattering is very small (< 0.002). The values of psi, Delta, P-x, P-z, and D-v of scattering are about constant for an off-specular angle (OSA) within +/-60 deg and can be explained by the facet model with single scattering. The measured bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) in this region can be converted to slope angle distribution with OSA=2 slope angle. The values of psi, Delta, P-x, P-z, and D-v of scattering deviate significantly and symmetrically from a constant level for \OSA\>60 deg, for which the simple facet model with single scattering does not apply. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Dept Res, Code 4T4100D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 5 BP 994 EP 1001 DI 10.1117/1.1467359 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 551VQ UT WOS:000175583500014 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PAS Polston, GR Niemtzow, RC Martin, PJ AF Johnstone, PAS Polston, GR Niemtzow, RC Martin, PJ TI Integration of acupuncture into the oncology clinic SO PALLIATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE acupuncture; alternative and complementary therapies; cancer; nausea; palliation; xerostomia ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; BREAST-CANCER; MEDICINE; PAIN AB Purpose/Objective: Patients with cancer or symptoms referable to cancer therapy were offered acupuncture as potential palliation of their symptoms. This paper describes the physical integration of the discipline into the Oncology Clinic, and patient perspectives on its availability and efficacy. Patients and methods: Between August 1999 and May 2000, 123 patients with varying symptoms received acupuncture in our Center's Radiation and Medical Oncology Clinics and Breast Health Center. These patients had 823 visits during this time period. A practice outcome analysis was performed on patients receiving therapy between 1 January 2000 and 30 April 2000. The 89 patients treated during this interval had 444 total visits. In June and July 2000, a questionnaire was administered by phone to 79 of these patients (89%). Standard allopathic care continued while patients were receiving acupuncture. Results: Major reasons for referral included pain (53%), xerostomia (32%), hot flashes (6%) and nausea/loss of appetite (6%). Patients had a mean of five acupuncture visits (range 1-9). Most patients (60%) showed at least 30% improvement in their symptoms. About one-third of patients had no change in severity of symptoms. There were no untoward effects reported related to the acupuncture, When analysed by diagnosis, these values persist. Irrespective of response to therapy, 86% of respondents considered it 'very important' that we continue to provide acupuncture services. Conclusion: Acupuncture may contribute to control of symptoms for cancer patients. Expansion of providers, continued patient follow-up, optimization of techniques and prospective objective measurement of response continue in our clinic. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Anesthesiol, San Diego, CA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Radiat Oncol Serv, San Diego, CA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Head & Neck Surg Serv, San Diego, CA USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Radiat Oncol, Suite 14,34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM pajohnstone@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 17 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 6 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0269-2163 J9 PALLIATIVE MED JI Palliat. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 235 EP 239 DI 10.1191/0269216302pm540oa PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 554JL UT WOS:000175732000009 PM 12047000 ER PT J AU Liu, X Vignola, JF Photiadis, DM Sarkissian, A Houston, BH Merithew, RD Pohl, RO AF Liu, X Vignola, JF Photiadis, DM Sarkissian, A Houston, BH Merithew, RD Pohl, RO TI Low temperature study of loss mechanisms of mechanical oscillators SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter, Phonons 2001 CY AUG 12-17, 2001 CL DARTMOUTH COLL, HANOVER, NH HO DARTMOUTH COLL DE mechanical oscillator; quality factor; micro-electromechanical system ID INTERNAL-FRICTION; FILMS; SYSTEMS; MODES AB In order to understand the loss mechanism of mechanical oscillators in micro-electromechanical systems, we have studied the temperature dependence of the quality factor Q of a high Q silicon mechanical oscillator from 0.4 to 300 K. At temperatures above 70 K, the energy loss is principally caused by thermoelastic effect in the flexural components of the modes. Below 50 K, we find the improvements in vibration isolation guided by the finite element method which do not significantly improve its Q. This indicates that some intrinsic loss mechanism may still be important even at low temperatures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP SFA Inc, 9315 Largo Dr W,Suite 200, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM xliu@genah.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY PY 2002 VL 316 BP 393 EP 396 AR PII S0921-4526(02)00523-9 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)00523-9 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 564CL UT WOS:000176297400096 ER PT J AU Photiadis, DM Houston, BH Liu, X Bucaro, JA Marcus, MH AF Photiadis, DM Houston, BH Liu, X Bucaro, JA Marcus, MH TI Thermoelastic loss observed in a high Q mechanical oscillator SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter CY AUG 12-17, 2001 CL DARTMOUTH COLL, HANOVER, NEW HAMPSHIRE HO DARTMOUTH COLL DE MEMS; internal friction; silicon; oscillators ID MODES; FILMS AB A simple model of thermoelastic dissipation is proposed for general, free standing MEMS oscillators. The theory defines a flexural modal participation factor, the fraction of potential energy stored in flexure, and approximates the internal friction by assuming the energy loss to occur solely via classical thermoelastic dissipation of this component of the motion. The measured loss at high temperature (above 150 K) is found to be in agreement with the theoretical prediction. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Photiadis, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY PY 2002 VL 316 BP 408 EP 410 AR PII S0921-4526(02)00528-8 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)00528-8 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 564CL UT WOS:000176297400101 ER PT J AU Alcalde, AM Marques, GE Weber, G Reinecke, TL AF Alcalde, AM Marques, GE Weber, G Reinecke, TL TI Acoustic and optical phonon scattering rates in spherical quantum dots: magnetic effects SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter CY AUG 12-17, 2001 CL DARTMOUTH COLL, HANOVER, NEW HAMPSHIRE HO DARTMOUTH COLL DE electron-phonon interaction; quantum dots; scattering rates ID ELECTRON; RELAXATION AB We calculate the electron phonon scattering rates due to coupling with acoustic and longitudinal optical phonons in spherical quantum dots. The quantized optical phonons are described in the dielectric continuum model. The acoustic modes are described in terms of Lamb's classical theory. We have considered two mechanisms for electron-acoustic-phonon interaction: the usual microscopic deformation potential and ripple mechanism. Additionally, the magnetic effects on the scattering rates are studied. Special attention was given to the magnetic field dependence of the electron-optical-phonon scattering rates, where the confinement by a spatial potential and a magnetic field have competing contributions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Fis, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. Univ Sao Francisco, BR-12916900 Braganca Paulista, SP, Brazil. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Alcalde, AM (reprint author), Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Fis, Caixa Posta 676, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RI Weber, Gerald/A-8669-2010; Alcalde, Augusto/J-5856-2014; Marques, Gilmar Eugenio/G-3528-2015 OI Weber, Gerald/0000-0002-2935-1571; Alcalde, Augusto/0000-0002-3806-0661; Marques, Gilmar Eugenio/0000-0002-8608-6508 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY PY 2002 VL 316 BP 459 EP 463 AR PII S0921-4526(02)00543-4 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)00543-4 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 564CL UT WOS:000176297400116 ER PT J AU Luo, J Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Luo, J Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Optimum allocation of heat exchanger inventory of irreversible air refrigeration cycles SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; PLANTS AB The theory of finite time thermodynamics is applied to analyze the performance of irreversible air refrigeration cycles in this paper. For the fixed total heat exchanger inventory. the ratio of heat conductance of the low-temperature side heat exchanger to that of the high-temperature side heat exchanger is optimized for maximizing the cooling load and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the cycles. The influences of various parameters on the characteristic of the cycle are analyzed. The results obtained may provide guidance for the design of practice air refrigeration plants. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 BP 410 EP 415 DI 10.1238/Physica.Regular.065a00410 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 551XY UT WOS:000175590300008 ER PT J AU Halilov, SV Singh, DJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Halilov, SV Singh, DJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Soft modes and superconductivity in the layered hexagonal carbides V2CAs, Nb2CAs, and Nb2CS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CARBOSULFIDE SUPERCONDUCTOR; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; BORIDE CARBIDE; PHASES; LANTHANUM; CERAMICS; LUNI2B2C; NITRIDE AB The electronic structure, selected phonon frequencies, and electron phonon coupling of the hexagonal layered compounds Nb2CS, Nb2CAs, and V2CAs are elucidated using density functional calculations. All materials are good three-dimensional metals with moderate values of the density of states, N(E-F). The electronic structure of Nb2CS, the only superconductor within this family of materials, consists of well-hybridized Nb d-S p-C p derived bands characteristic around the Fermi energy. The S is more ionic in this compound than the As in the related arsenides Nb2CAs or V2CAs. This results in a relative softness for phonon modes involving S. Rigid muffin tin approximation calculations show moderate electron phonon couplings consistent with low-temperature superconductivity. The key difference from the carbo-arsenides is the presence of soft moderately coupled S modes. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Halilov, SV (reprint author), USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 17 AR 174519 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.174519 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 552KM UT WOS:000175619600118 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Kortus, J AF Mazin, II Kortus, J TI Interpretation of the de Haas-van Alphen experiments in MgB2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB Recent reports on quantum oscillations in MgB2 provide valuable information on three important aspects of this material: (i) electronic structure near the Fermi level, (ii) disparity of the electron-phonon interaction between the two systems of bands, and (iii) renormalization of spin susceptibility. However, extraction of most of this information requires highly accurate band-structure calculations of the relevant quantities. In this paper we provide such calculations and use them to analyze the experimental data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mazin@dave.nrl.navy.mil; j.kortus@fkf.mpg.de RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 26 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 18 AR 180510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.180510 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 554VW UT WOS:000175758700024 ER PT J AU Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ AF Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ TI First-principles study of superconductivity in high-pressure boron SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PHONON INTERACTION; MGB2; METALS AB We study superconductivity in boron using first-principles LAPW calculations, the rigid-muffin-tin approximation, and the McMillan theory. Our results point to an electron-phonon mechanism producing transition temperatures near 10 K at high pressures, in agreement with recent measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Papaconstantopoulos, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 17 AR 172510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.172510 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 552KM UT WOS:000175619600039 ER PT J AU Ravel, B Raphael, MP Harris, VG Huang, Q AF Ravel, B Raphael, MP Harris, VG Huang, Q TI EXAFS and neutron diffraction study of the Heusler alloy Co2MnSi SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION-FINE-STRUCTURE; HALF-METALLIC FERROMAGNETS; RAY; AMPLITUDE AB Spintronic devices, devices that rely upon the spin of the conduction electron to control device properties, are of increasing scientific and commercial interest. These devices commonly are heterostructures with ferromagnetic metals used as spin injectors. The performance of these heterostructured devices can be optimized by using a 100% spin-polarized ferromagnet. Recent band-structure calculations predict that the Heusler alloy Co2MnSi should be a 100% spin-polarized ferromagnet. However, band-structure calculations further suggest that chemical disorder in the Co2MnSi lattice should lower the degree of spin polarization. In this work, we present neutron diffraction and extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure measurements (EXAFS) on bulk Co2MnSi, which reveal extensive chemical disordering even in pure-phase samples and discuss the limitations of EXAFS in measuring this sort of disorder. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ravel, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 NR 28 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 18 AR 184431 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.184431 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 554VW UT WOS:000175758700083 ER PT J AU Schiller, F Halilov, SV Laubschat, C AF Schiller, F Halilov, SV Laubschat, C TI Manganese-induced interface states on c(2x2)MnCu/Cu(001) near the (X)over-bar(p(1x1)) point of the surface Brillouin zone SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CU(100)C(2X2)-MN SURFACE; C(2 X-2); PHOTOEMISSION; ALLOY; MN/CU(001); CU(100); GROWTH; COPPER; FILMS AB The electronic structure of the c(2x2)MnCu/Cu(001) surface reveals different interface states near the (X) over bar (p(1x1)) point of the surface Brillouin zone as observed by angle-resolved photoemission. This experimental result is compared to simulated photoemission spectra calculated in the framework of the layered Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method. A good agreement between theory and experiment is found. The spin, atom, and layer-resolved density of states attributes mainly Mn-derived spin-down character to one of these different states indicating a partially occupied spin minority band. The existence of these states is limited to a very narrow range of coverages around half a monolayer of manganese. C1 TU Dresden, Inst Oberflachenphys & Mikrostrukturphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Penn, DMSE, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Schiller, F (reprint author), TU Dresden, Inst Oberflachenphys & Mikrostrukturphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. RI Schiller, Frederik/F-5990-2012 OI Schiller, Frederik/0000-0003-1727-3542 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 18 AR 184430 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.184430 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 554VW UT WOS:000175758700082 ER PT J AU Yang, FY Shang, CH Chien, CL Ambrose, T Krebs, JJ Prinz, GA Nikitenko, VI Gornakov, VS Shapiro, AJ Shull, RD AF Yang, FY Shang, CH Chien, CL Ambrose, T Krebs, JJ Prinz, GA Nikitenko, VI Gornakov, VS Shapiro, AJ Shull, RD TI Multistep magnetic switching in single-crystal (001)Co2MnGe films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID UNIAXIAL ANISOTROPY; FE; REVERSAL; BEHAVIOR AB Multistep magnetic switching with single, double, and triple loops has been observed in single-crystal (001) Co2MnGe Heusler alloy films epitaxially grown on GaAs (001) substrates due to a combined magnetic anisotropy consisting of cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy and uniaxial anisotropy. Theoretical calculations of the hysteresis loops using coherent rotation show excellent agreement with the experimental results. Domain patterns and magnetization rotation in the Co2MnGe films have been studied using the magneto-optical indicator film (MOIF) imaging technique. Magnetic domains and domain walls, as well as the coherent rotation of magnetization in single-step, double-step, and triple-step switching have been clearly observed. The magnetic switching field and domain wall pattern (90degrees and 180degrees domain walls) observed from the MOIF images are in excellent agreement with the results of the hysteresis measurements and the theoretical model. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. RP Yang, FY (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 NR 20 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 17 AR 174410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.174410 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 552KM UT WOS:000175619600081 ER PT J AU Antognetti, A Einaudi, G Dahlburg, RB AF Antognetti, A Einaudi, G Dahlburg, RB TI Transonic and subsonic dynamics of the current-vortex sheet SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; INVISCID COMPRESSIBLE FLUID; SHEAR-LAYER INSTABILITY; RESISTIVE INSTABILITIES; FLOWING PLASMA; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR SURGES; TEARING MODE; EVOLUTION; RECONNECTION AB Simulations of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) dynamics of a current-vortex sheet for low values of the Alfven number (A=V-A/V-0) in both the subsonic and transonic regimes are described. It is shown that, in agreement with previous linear results, the shear layer is unstable for all values of the sonic Mach number (M). However, the subsonic and transonic disturbances which develop differ significantly in many of their properties. In the subsonic case the evolution of the system is similar to the incompressible one since the growing perturbation is symmetric and evanescent in the cross stream direction. The inclusion of compressible effects mainly permits the study of its thermodynamic behavior. In the transonic case the growing perturbation appears to be overstable, asymmetric, oscillatory, and weakly evanescent in the cross stream direction. In their nonlinear evolution such modes, which we identify as fast MHD waves, lead to the formation of shocks and to a very different dynamics of the current-vortex system. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Sez A, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Antognetti, A (reprint author), CINECA, Via Magnanelli 6-3, I-40033 Bologna, Italy. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2002 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1575 EP 1583 DI 10.1063/1.1460881 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 545BX UT WOS:000175197300012 ER PT J AU Obenschain, SP Colombant, DG Karasik, M Pawley, CJ Serlin, V Schmitt, AJ Weaver, JL Gardner, JH Phillips, L Aglitskiy, Y Chan, Y Dahlburg, JP Klapisch, M AF Obenschain, SP Colombant, DG Karasik, M Pawley, CJ Serlin, V Schmitt, AJ Weaver, JL Gardner, JH Phillips, L Aglitskiy, Y Chan, Y Dahlburg, JP Klapisch, M TI Effects of thin high-Z layers on the hydrodynamics of laser-accelerated plastic targets SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR GROWTH; NIKE KRF LASER; INDIRECT-DRIVE; FOAM BUFFER; IMPRINT; BEAM; INCOHERENCE; REDUCTION; ABLATION AB Experimental results and simulations that study the effects of thin metallic layers with high atomic number (high-Z) on the hydrodynamics of laser accelerated plastic targets are presented. These experiments employ a laser pulse with a low-intensity foot that rises into a high-intensity main pulse. This pulse shape simulates the generic shape needed for high-gain fusion implosions. Imprint of laser nonuniformity during start up of the low intensity foot is a well-known seed for hydrodynamic instability. Large reductions are observed in hydrodynamic instability seeded by laser imprint when certain minimum thickness gold or palladium layers are applied to the laser-illuminated surface of the targets. The experiment indicates that the reduction in imprint is at least as large as that obtained by a 6 times improvement in the laser uniformity. Simulations supported by experiments are presented showing that during the low intensity foot the laser light can be nearly completely absorbed by the high-Z layer. X rays originating from the high-Z layer heat the underlying lower-Z plastic target material and cause large buffering plasma to form between the layer and the accelerated target. This long-scale plasma apparently isolates the target from laser nonuniformity and accounts for the observed large reduction in laser imprint. With onset of the higher intensity main pulse, the high-Z layer expands and the laser light is transmitted. This technique will be useful in reducing laser imprint in pellet implosions and thereby allow the design of more robust targets for high-gain laser fusion. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22150 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Artep Inc, Columbia, MD 20145 USA. RP Obenschain, SP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2002 VL 9 IS 5 BP 2234 EP 2243 DI 10.1063/1.1464541 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 545CG UT WOS:000175198200049 ER PT J AU Aglitskiy, Y Velikovich, AL Karasik, M Serlin, V Pawley, CJ Schmitt, AJ Obenschain, SP Mostovych, AN Gardner, JH Metzler, N AF Aglitskiy, Y Velikovich, AL Karasik, M Serlin, V Pawley, CJ Schmitt, AJ Obenschain, SP Mostovych, AN Gardner, JH Metzler, N TI Direct observation of mass oscillations due to ablative Richtmyer-Meshkov instability and feedout in planar plastic targets SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; INDUCED SPATIAL INCOHERENCE; TIME PERTURBATION GROWTH; EXTREMELY DENSE-PLASMAS; LASER TARGETS; HYDRODYNAMIC INSTABILITY; SINGLE-MODE; DRIVEN AB Perturbations that seed Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability in laser-driven targets form during the early-time period. This time includes a shock wave transit from the front to the rear surface of the target, and a rarefaction wave transit in the opposite direction. During this time interval, areal mass perturbations caused by all sources of nonuniformity (laser imprint, surface ripple) are expected to oscillate. The first direct experimental observations of the areal mass oscillations due to ablative Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) instability and feedout followed by the RT growth of areal mass modulation are discussed. The experiments were made with 40-99 mum thick planar plastic targets rippled either on the front or on the rear with a sine wave ripple with either 30 or 45 mum wavelength and with 0.5, 1, or 1.5 mum amplitude. Targets were irradiated with 4 ns long Nike KrF laser pulses at similar to50 TW/cm(2). The oscillations were observed with our novel diagnostic technique, a monochromatic x-ray imager coupled to a streak camera. For the ablative RM instability (front side ripple), the mass modulation amplitude was typically observed to grow, reach a peak, and then decrease, after which the exponential RT growth started. In some cases, one phase reversal due to the ablative RM instability was observed. For the feedout geometry (rear side ripple), in all cases two phase reversals were observed: a distinct half-oscillation was followed by the onset of the RT growth, resulting in a second phase reversal. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, McLean, VA 22150 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sci Applicat Int Corp, McLean, VA 22150 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 57 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2002 VL 9 IS 5 BP 2264 EP 2276 DI 10.1063/1.1459459 PN 2 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 545CG UT WOS:000175198200052 ER PT J AU Ganguli, G Slinker, S Gavrishchaka, V Scales, W AF Ganguli, G Slinker, S Gavrishchaka, V Scales, W TI Low frequency oscillations in a plasma with spatially variable field-aligned flow SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID ION-CYCLOTRON INSTABILITY; TRANSVERSE ELECTRIC-FIELDS; VELOCITY-SHEAR; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ELECTROSTATIC-WAVES; ACOUSTIC-WAVES; AURORAL REGION; SOLAR-WIND; IONOSPHERE; CURRENTS AB The effects of a transverse gradient in the plasma flow velocity parallel to the ambient magnetic field are analyzed. A transverse velocity gradient in the parallel ion flow, even in small magnitude, can increase the parallel phase speed of the ion-acoustic waves sufficiently to reduce ion Landau damping. This results in a significantly lower threshold current for the current driven ion acoustic instability. Ion flow gradients can also give rise to a new class of ion cyclotron waves via inverse cyclotron damping. A broadband wave spectrum with multiple cyclotron harmonics is possible. A combination of the multiple cyclotron harmonic waves can result in spiky electric field structures with their peaks separated by an ion cyclotron period. A spatial gradient in the parallel electron flow is also considered but it is found to play a minimal role in the low frequency regime. Relevance of these to natural plasma environments is discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, McLean, VA 22102 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Ganguli, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 62 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2002 VL 9 IS 5 BP 2321 EP 2329 DI 10.1063/1.1445181 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 545CG UT WOS:000175198200058 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Penano, JR Hafizi, B Hubbard, RF Ting, A Gordon, DF Zigler, A Antonsen, TM AF Sprangle, P Penano, JR Hafizi, B Hubbard, RF Ting, A Gordon, DF Zigler, A Antonsen, TM TI GeV acceleration in tapered plasma channels SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID SHORT LASER-PULSES; AMPLITUDE ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; WAKE-FIELD; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; RELATIVISTIC PLASMAS; CAPILLARY DISCHARGE; RAMAN BACKSCATTER; NONLINEAR OPTICS; TENUOUS PLASMAS; GROUP-VELOCITY AB To achieve multi GeV electron energies in the laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) it is necessary to propagate an intense laser pulse long distances in a plasma without disruption. A three-dimensional envelope equation for the laser field is derived that includes nonparaxial effects, wakefields, and relativistic nonlinearities. In the broad beam, short pulse limit the nonlinear terms in the wave equation that lead to Raman and modulation instabilities cancel. Long pulses (several plasma wavelengths) experience substantial modification due to these instabilities. The short pulse LWFA, although having smaller accelerating fields, can provide acceleration for longer distances in a plasma channel. By allowing the plasma density to increase along the propagation path electron dephasing can be deferred, increasing the energy gain. A simulation example of a GeV channel guided LWFA accelerator is presented. Simulations also show that multi-GeV energies can be achieved by optimally tapering the plasma channel. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 50 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2002 VL 9 IS 5 BP 2364 EP 2370 DI 10.1063/1.1446039 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 545CG UT WOS:000175198200063 ER PT J AU Apruzese, JP Davis, J Whitney, KG Thornhill, JW Kepple, PC Clark, RW Deeney, C Coverdale, CA Sanford, TWL AF Apruzese, JP Davis, J Whitney, KG Thornhill, JW Kepple, PC Clark, RW Deeney, C Coverdale, CA Sanford, TWL TI The physics of radiation transport in dense plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID ROSSELAND MEAN OPACITY; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; OPTICALLY THICK PLASMAS; SIMILAR ATOMIC NUMBERS; Z-PINCH IMPLOSIONS; X-RAY; ALUMINUM; DRIVE; PERFORMANCE; HOHLRAUMS AB Radiation transport redistributes energy within a medium through the emission and reabsorption of photons. These processes also have a pronounced effect on the spectrum of radiation that escapes the medium. As the deliverable energies of plasma drivers such as lasers and pulsed-power generators steadily increase, denser and/or more massive plasmas can be created. Such plasmas are more absorptive to their own emitted radiation, with portions of the line spectrum frequently being highly opaque. Thus, radiation transport becomes more important, along with the need to consider its impact on the design of experiments and their diagnosis. This tutorial paper covers the basic theory and equations describing radiation transport, its physical effects, experimental examples of transport phenomena, and current challenges and issues. Among the specific topics discussed are requirements for local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), conditions for diffusion and the use of the diffusion approximation, the formation of emission and absorption lines, the approach of an emitted spectrum to the Planck limit, and diagnostic applications of transport effects. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Apruzese, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 48 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2002 VL 9 IS 5 BP 2411 EP 2419 DI 10.1063/1.1446038 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 545CG UT WOS:000175198200070 ER PT J AU Liotta, PH AF Liotta, PH TI After Kosovo - Terminal ambiguity SO PROBLEMS OF POST-COMMUNISM LA English DT Article AB Kosovo must be brought into Europe, not isolated or temporarily stabilized. C1 USN, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Liotta, PH (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU M E SHARPE INC PI ARMONK PA 80 BUSINESS PARK DR, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 1075-8216 J9 PROBL POST-COMMUNISM JI Probl. Post-Communism PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 23 EP 32 PG 10 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 552MG UT WOS:000175623700003 ER PT J AU Grebenc, ML Rosado-de-Christenson, ML Green, CE Burke, AP Galvin, JR AF Grebenc, ML Rosado-de-Christenson, ML Green, CE Burke, AP Galvin, JR TI From the archives of the AFIP - Cardiac myxoma: Imaging features in 83 patients SO RADIOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE Carney complex; heart, neoplasms; myxoma ID LEFT ATRIAL MYXOMAS; ENDOCRINE OVERACTIVITY; SPOTTY PIGMENTATION; SURGICAL-TREATMENT; CLINICAL-FEATURES; TUMORS; EXPERIENCE; MASSES; COMPLEX; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AB Eighty-six cardiac myxomas were reviewed retrospectively for the clinical, pathologic, and radiologic findings. In this series, 83 patients (47 female and 36 male; age range, 2-78 years; mean age, 48 years) had 49 left atrial (60%), 23 right atrial (28%.)), seven right ventricular (8%), two biatrial, and two cases of multifocal myxomas. Seventy-one (88%) patients were symptomatic. Radiographs of 38 patients with left atrial myxoma showed evidence of mitral valve obstruction in 53%; radiographs of 16 patients with right atrial myxoma demonstrated calcification and cardiomegaly in 56% and 50%, respectively. Computed tomographic (CT) scans of 21 myxomas demonstrated 20 (95%) spherical or ovoid lesions, 16 (76%) with lobular borders. Seventeen (81%) were hypoattenuated; 14 (67%) were heterogeneous. Twenty-eight magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies of 30 myxomas showed 29 (97%) spherical or ovoid lesions; 26 (87%) had lobular contours and 26 (90%) of 29 had heterogeneous signal intensity on T1-weighted images. Point of attachment was visible in 15 (83%) cases. Cine gradient recalled echo (GRE) MR images of 10 lesions showed low signal intensity in all cases. Most patients with cardiac myxomas have abnormal but usually nonspecific radiographic findings. CT demonstrates intracavitary heterogeneous, hypoattenuated lobular masses. MR imaging shows heterogeneous lobular lesions and usually allows visualization of the point of attachment. Radiologic imaging of these lesions, particularly with multiplanar and cine GRE MR imaging, can provide accurate assessment of the size, location, and point of attachment of these lesions and should assist in surgical planning. C1 USN, Hosp Roosevelt Rd, Dept Radiol, FPO, PR USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Cardiovasc Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Unifromed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD USA. Georgetown Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Grebenc, ML (reprint author), USN, Hosp Roosevelt Rd, Dept Radiol, PSC 1008,POB 177,AA 34051, FPO, PR USA. NR 39 TC 106 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 1 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0271-5333 J9 RADIOGRAPHICS JI Radiographics PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 673 EP 689 PG 17 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 550HW UT WOS:000175498400017 PM 12006696 ER PT J AU Gans, CP Tang, TF Slack, R Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK AF Gans, CP Tang, TF Slack, R Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK TI DRB1*14 diversity and DRB3 associations in four major population groups in the United States SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE allele frequency; HLA-DR ID RELATIVE FREQUENCIES; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; US POPULATIONS AB At least 59 DRB1*14 positive individuals from each of four U.S. population groups, Caucasoids, African Americans, Asians/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics, were randomly selected from a database of 82,979 individuals. DRB1*14 alleles were identified by DNA sequence analysis using intron-specific primers to obtain complete exon 2 sequences. Only 23% of the known DRB1*14 alleles were detected. DRB1*14011 was the predominant DRB1*14 allele in three populations while Hispanics carried DRB1*1402 and DRB1*1406 more frequently. Asians/Pacific Islanders were the most diversified carrying seven alleles. DRB3*0101, DRB3*02021 and DRB3*0210 were detected in a subset of individuals typed for this locus and 15 DRB1-DRB3 haplotypes were defined. This study completes the exon 2 sequences of previously identified alleles, DRB1*1405-*1408, including the identification of two silent codon 90 variants of DRB1*1407. In addition, two new DRB1*14 alleles, DRB1*1441 and DRB1*1442, are described. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, E404 Res Bldg,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD MAY PY 2002 VL 59 IS 5 BP 364 EP 369 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2002.590502.x PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 577XQ UT WOS:000177088700002 PM 12144619 ER PT J AU Burkhardt, J AF Burkhardt, J TI Microstructural characterization using diffuse backscatter: theory and experiment SO ULTRASONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Ultrasonics International Conference CY JUL 03-05, 2001 CL DELFT, NETHERLANDS DE backscatter; diffuse; microstructure; phase function; differential scattering cross section ID COEFFICIENTS AB A microstructure characterization technique is presented which utilizes the azimuthal moments of backscattered intensity to determine the Legendre moments of the microstructure's phase function. The technique is based on a late-time, diffuse approximate solution to the radiative transfer equation. Monte Carlo simulations are presented indicating that the technique is robust for the first azimuthal moment but less so for higher-order moments. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Burkhardt, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0041-624X J9 ULTRASONICS JI Ultrasonics PD MAY PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1-8 BP 281 EP 285 AR PII S0041-624X(02)00107-5 DI 10.1016/S0041-624X(02)00107-5 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 570FJ UT WOS:000176648000049 PM 12159948 ER PT J AU Zelakiewicz, S Johnson, M AF Zelakiewicz, S Johnson, M TI Three-terminal gated magnetoelectronic device SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HALL-EFFECT DEVICE; HYBRID AB In a Hybrid Hall device, magnetic fringe fields from the edge of a single, patterned ferromagnetic film generate a Hall voltage in a two-dimensional electron gas. By adding an electrostatic gate to this passive device and applying an electric field, we demonstrate the reduction of the carrier density by 50% and the consequent enhancement of the bistable output levels by 100%. This modulation of magnetoelectronic characteristics by using a gate voltage shows the possibility of creating an active spintronic device. The gated Hybrid Hall device may also be used as a nonvolatile memory cell with the unique attribute that isolation and storage are provided by a single device. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zelakiewicz, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 17 BP 3204 EP 3206 DI 10.1063/1.1467700 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 544EB UT WOS:000175144300058 ER PT J AU Saks, NS Ancona, MG Rendell, RW AF Saks, NS Ancona, MG Rendell, RW TI Using the Hall effect to measure interface trap densities in silicon carbide and silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor devices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAND EDGES; 4H AB A technique is presented for measuring the density of interface traps versus energy D-IT(E) using the Hall effect in metal-oxide-semiconductor samples. Good agreement is obtained between this Hall approach and standard C-V techniques in both SiC and silicon test devices. D-IT(E) is found to be much higher in 4H-SiC compared to 6H devices oxidized at the same time. D-IT(E) in both SiC poly types increases exponentially with energy approaching the conduction bandedge. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Saks, NS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6813, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 17 BP 3219 EP 3221 DI 10.1063/1.1473867 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 544EB UT WOS:000175144300063 ER PT J AU Chen, XY Nabet, B Quaranta, F Cola, A Currie, M AF Chen, XY Nabet, B Quaranta, F Cola, A Currie, M TI Resonant-cavity-enhanced heterostructure metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAAS/ALGAAS MSM PHOTODETECTOR AB We report a GaAs-based high-speed, resonant-cavity-enhanced, heterostructure metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector with Al0.24Ga0.76As/Al0.9Ga0.1As distributed Bragg reflector operating around 850 nm. The photocurrent spectrum shows a clear peak at this wavelength with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of around 30 nm. At resonance wavelength, a seven-fold increase can be achieved in quantum efficiency compared to a detector of the same absorption depth. The top reflector is a delta modulation doped Al0.24Ga0.76As that also acts as the barrier enhancement layer thus providing very low dark current values. The breakdown voltage is above 20 V. Time response measurements show rise time, fall time, and FWHM of 8.8 ps, 9 ps, and 8.1 ps, respectively, giving a 3-dB bandwidth of about 33 GHz. Combination of low dark current, fast response, wavelength selectivity, and compatibility with high electron mobility transistors makes this device especially suitable for short haul communications purposes. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. CNR, IME, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, XY (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Cola, Adriano/G-2379-2010; Quaranta, Fabio/C-7417-2013 NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 17 BP 3222 EP 3224 DI 10.1063/1.1470224 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 544EB UT WOS:000175144300064 ER PT J AU Sarpkaya, T AF Sarpkaya, T TI Experiments on the stability of sinusoidal flow over a circular cylinder SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID KEULEGAN-CARPENTER NUMBERS; OSCILLATORY FLOW; PERIODIC RIPPLES; BOUNDARY AB The instabilities in a sinusoidally oscillating non-separated flow over smooth circular cylinders in the range of Keulegan-Carpenter numbers, K, from about 0.02 to I and Stokes numbers, beta, from about 10(3) to 1.4 x 10(6) have been observed from inception to chaos using several high-speed imagers and laser-induced fluorescence. The instabilities ranged from small quasi-coherent structures, as in Stokes flow over a flat wall (Sarpkaya 1993), to three-dimensional spanwise perturbations because of the centrifugal forces induced by the curvature of the boundary layer (Taylor-Gortler instability). These gave rise to streamwise-oriented counter-rotating vortices or mushroom-shaped coherent structures as K approached the K-h values theoretically predicted by Hall (1984). Further increases in K for a given beta led first to complex interactions between the coherent structures and then to chaotic motion. The mapping of the observations led to the delineation of four states of flow in the (K, beta)-plane: stable, marginal, unstable, and chaotic. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sarpkaya, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD APR 25 PY 2002 VL 457 BP 157 EP 180 DI 10.1017/S002211200200784X PG 24 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 547WA UT WOS:000175354500006 ER PT J AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, M TI Spintronics - Spin accumulation in mesoscopic systems SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID GOLD-FILMS; POLARIZATION; CHARGE; METAL C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mjbooj@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 25 PY 2002 VL 416 IS 6883 BP 809 EP 810 DI 10.1038/416809a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 544MH UT WOS:000175163800040 PM 11976672 ER PT J AU Rudin, S Reinecke, TL AF Rudin, S Reinecke, TL TI Size effects in the temperature dependence of exciton linewidths SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Optics and Excitons in Confined Systems (OECS7) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE ID GAAS QUANTUM-WELLS; PHONON-SCATTERING; DEGENERATE BANDS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; DISPERSION AB The interaction of excitons with acoustic phonons in direct band gap semiconductors gives the dominant contribution to the temperature-dependent part of the exciton homogeneous linewidths and to dephasing rates at lower temperature, e.g. below 150 K in bulk GaAs. Experimental results have shown that this contribution increases substantially in going from GaAs quantum wells to bulk GaAs. Perturbation treatment of acoustic phonon scattering in a simple band exciton model agrees with experimental results for narrow quantum wells. However, it fails by an order of magnitude for bulk GaAs and by a large factor for other materials. Here we present an evaluation of the exciton-acoustic phonon scattering using a realistic complex band model and anisotropic exciton dispersion in the bulk case. We also include the effects of the multi-phonon scatterings in the bulk and quantum wells. Our theoretical results agree well with available experimental results for the low-temperature exciton linewidth in GaAs and ZnSe. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rudin, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD APR 23 PY 2002 VL 190 IS 3 BP 677 EP 681 DI 10.1002/1521-396X(200204)190:3<677::AID-PSSA677>3.0.CO;2-S PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 553CB UT WOS:000175657000014 ER PT J AU Suchalkin, S Westerfeld, D Donetski, D Luryi, S Belenky, G Martinelli, R Vurgaftman, I Meyer, J AF Suchalkin, S Westerfeld, D Donetski, D Luryi, S Belenky, G Martinelli, R Vurgaftman, I Meyer, J TI Optical gain and loss in 3 mu m diode "W" quantum-well lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-EFFICIENCY AB Gain in broad-area midinfrared diode "W" lasers (lambda=3-3.1 mum) has been measured using lateral mode spatial filtering combined with the Hakki-Paoli approach. The internal optical loss of approximate to19 cm(-1) determined from the gain spectra was the same for devices with either ten or five period active regions and nearly constant in the temperature range between 80 and 160 K. Analysis of the differential gain and spontaneous emission spectra shows that the main contribution to the temperature dependence of the threshold current is Auger recombination, which dominates within almost the entire temperature range studied (80-160 K). (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Sarnoff Corp, CN 5300, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Suchalkin, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 22 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 16 BP 2833 EP 2835 DI 10.1063/1.1471571 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 542WQ UT WOS:000175068900005 ER PT J AU Hsu, DSY AF Hsu, DSY TI Microgating carbon nanotube field emitters by in situ growth inside open aperture arrays SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION AB Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were grown using chemical vapor deposition inside small apertures having a horizontal gate and a sidewall insulator spacer. Emission currents up to 140 nA per cell at 63 V have been obtained. These arrays have exhibited a gate current as low as 2.5% of the anode current throughout the entire gate voltage range, representing the lowest gate to anode current ratio of gated nanotube emitters reported to date. We attribute this feature to the emitter geometry and method of fabrication. The overall fabrication method required only a few and simple processing steps. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hsu, DSY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 22 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 16 BP 2988 EP 2990 DI 10.1063/1.1472463 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 542WQ UT WOS:000175068900057 ER PT J AU Yusof, ZM Wells, BO Valla, T Fedorov, AV Johnson, PD Li, Q Kendziora, C Jian, S Hinks, DG AF Yusof, ZM Wells, BO Valla, T Fedorov, AV Johnson, PD Li, Q Kendziora, C Jian, S Hinks, DG TI Quasiparticle liquid in the highly overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; PHOTOEMISSION; STATE; TRANSPORT; SURFACE; GAP AB Results from the study of a highly overdoped (OD) Bi2Sr 2CaCu2O8+delta with a T-c=51 K using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy are presented. We observe a sharp peak in the spectra near (pi, 0) that persists well above T-c, a nodal self-energy which approaches that seen for the Mo(110) surface state, and a more k -independent line shape at the Fermi surface than the lower-doped cuprates. This allows for a realistic comparison of the lifetime values to the experimental resistivity measurements. These observations point to the validity of the quasiparticle picture for the OD even in the normal state. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yusof, ZM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, 2152 Hillside Rd U-46, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 26 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 22 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 16 AR 167006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.167006 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 540AH UT WOS:000174905400035 PM 11955253 ER PT J AU Lee, ZP Carder, KL AF Lee, ZP Carder, KL TI Effect of spectral band numbers on the retrieval of water column and bottom properties from ocean color data SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID REMOTE-SENSING REFLECTANCE; RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; CHLOROPHYLL-A; ABSORPTION; MODEL; ALGORITHMS; RADIANCE; DOMAINS; FLORIDA; MATTER AB Using an optimization technique, we derived subsurface properties of coastal and oceanic waters from measured remote-sensing reflectance spectra. These data included both optically deep and shallow environments. The measured reflectance covered a spectral range from 400 to 800 nm. The inversions used data from each 5-, 10-, and 20-nm contiguous bands, including Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), moderate-resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS), and a self-defined medium-resolution imaging spectrometer (MERIS) channels, respectively. This study is designed to evaluate the influence of spectral resolution and channel placement on the accuracy of remote-sensing retrievals and to provide guidance for future sensor design. From the results of this study, we found the following: (1) use of 10-nm-wide contiguous channels provides almost identical results as found for 5-nm contiguous channels; (2) use of 20-nm contiguous channels and MERIS provides comparable results with those with 5-nm contiguous channels for deep waters, but use of contiguous 20-nm channels perform better than MERIS for optically shallow waters; and (3) SeaWiFS or MODIS channels work fine for deep, clearer waters (total absorption coefficient at 440 nm < 0.3 m(-1)), but introduce more errors in bathymetry retrievals for optically shallow waters. The inclusion of the 645-nm MODIS land band in its channel set improves inversion returns for both deep and shallow waters. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Lee, ZP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM zplee@monty.marine.usf.edu NR 38 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2191 EP 2201 DI 10.1364/AO.41.002191 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 544KH UT WOS:000175156400001 PM 12003210 ER PT J AU Biesecker, DA Myers, DC Thompson, BJ Hammer, DM Vourlidas, A AF Biesecker, DA Myers, DC Thompson, BJ Hammer, DM Vourlidas, A TI Solar phenomena associated with "EIT waves" SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares; Sun : radio radiation; Sun : UV radiation; waves ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; II RADIO-BURSTS; SOHO MISSION; TRANSIENT AB In an effort to understand what an "EIT wave" is and what its causes are, we have looked for correlations between the initiation of EIT waves and the occurrence of other solar phenomena. An EIT wave is a coronal disturbance, typically appearing as a diffuse brightening propagating across the Sun. A catalog of EIT waves, covering the period from 1997 March through 1998 June, was used in this study. For each EIT wave, the catalog gives the heliographic location and a rating for each wave, where the rating is determined by the reliability of the observations. Since EIT waves are transient, coronal phenomena, we have looked for correlations with other transient, coronal phenomena: X-ray flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and metric type II radio bursts. An unambiguous correlation between EIT waves and CMEs has been found. The correlation of EIT waves with flares is significantly weaker, and EIT waves frequently are not accompanied by radio bursts. To search for trends in the data, proxies for each of these transient phenomena are examined. We also use the accumulated data to show the robustness of the catalog and to reveal biases that must be accounted for in this study. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Emergent Informat Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. George Mason Univ, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Biesecker, DA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Emergent Informat Technol Inc, Mail Code 682-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; NR 24 TC 175 Z9 184 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2002 VL 569 IS 2 BP 1009 EP 1015 DI 10.1086/339402 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 541ND UT WOS:000174989900038 ER PT J AU Sisemore, CL Darvennes, CM AF Sisemore, CL Darvennes, CM TI Transverse vibration of elastic-viscoelastic-elastic sandwich beams: Compression - Experimental and analytical study SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB Experimental and analytical results are presented from an investigation into the compressional vibration of an elastic-viscoelastic-elastic three-layer sandwich beam. Most analytical models make the fundamental assumption that shear deformation in the viscoelastic core yields the largest damping and compressional deformation is negligible. Experimental results from a cantilever beam with a constrained layer viscoelastic damping treatment driven with a sinusoidal input are given which show compressional deformation over a relatively wide driving frequency range. A new analytical model for compressional damping is presented and compared with experimental results, with the Mead and Markus shear damping model, and with the Douglas and Yang compressional damping model. These results indicate that the proposed compressional model is a better predictor of resonance frequencies for the cantilever beams tested and that all models show deficiencies in predicting damping. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Sisemore, CL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 11 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD APR 18 PY 2002 VL 252 IS 1 BP 155 EP 167 DI 10.1006/jsvi.2001.4038 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 555FU UT WOS:000175784400008 ER PT J AU Karle, I Gopi, HN Balaram, P AF Karle, I Gopi, HN Balaram, P TI Infinite pleated beta-sheet formed by the beta-hairpin Boc-beta-Phe-beta-Phe-D-Pro-Gly-beta-Phe-beta-Phe-OMe SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PEPTIDE; DESIGN; STABILITY; AMINO AB A beta-hairpin conformation and extended p-pleated sheet assembly have been characterized by single crystal x-ray diffraction for the synthetic peptide t-butoxycarbonyl-beta-Phe-beta-Phe-D-Pro-Gly-beta-Phe-beta-Phe-methyl ester [beta-Phe: (S)-beta(3) homophenylalanine]. The centrally located D-Pro-Gly segment nucleates a chain reversal in a type II' beta-turn conformation. Two intramolecular cross-strand hydrogen bonds stabilize the peptide fold. Intermolecular NH...O=C hydrogen bonds (two on each side of the hairpin) connect the hairpins into an infinitely extended beta-sheet. The beta-residues cause all C=O groups to point in the same direction, resulting in a "polar" sheet by the unidirectional alignment of NH...O=C hydrogen bonds. In contrast, P-sheets formed by a-residues have alternating directions for the hydrogen bonds, thus resulting in an "apolar" sheet. The crystallographic parameters for C53H66N6O9.CH3OH are: space group P2(1), a = 9.854(2) Angstrom, b = 10.643(2) Angstrom, c = 25.296(4) Angstrom, beta = 100.39(2)degrees, Z = 2, agreement factor R-1 = 0.065 for 3,706 data observed >4sigma(F) and a resolution of 0.90 Angstrom. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Karle, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM30902, R37 GM030902, R01 GM030902] NR 21 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 16 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 8 BP 5160 EP 5164 DI 10.1073/pnas.022616499 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 543DX UT WOS:000175087000080 PM 11880601 ER PT J AU Goldman, ER Pazirandeh, MP Charles, PT Balighian, ED Anderson, GP AF Goldman, ER Pazirandeh, MP Charles, PT Balighian, ED Anderson, GP TI Selection of phage displayed peptides for the detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in seawater SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE phage display; biosensor; explosive detection ID BINDING-PROTEIN; FILAMENTOUS PHAGE; LIBRARY; LIGANDS AB We have selected for phage displayed peptides that showed specific binding to a 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) derivative, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TNB) in environmentally relevant conditions, and have integrated the selected phage into a continuous flow immunosensor platform for the detection of TNT. A library of 12 random amino acid peptides (12-mers) displayed on phage was panned against TNB coupled to the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) in a solution of artificial seawater. Eight phage clones, seven of which share an identical amino acid sequence, bound selectively to TNB-BSA in artificial seawater as judged by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Addition of TNT, inhibited binding of the phage. Whole phage were labeled with the dye cyanine 5 (Cy5), and incorporated into a flow sensor platform. Labeled phage were loaded onto a TNB-affi-gel packed column, and a reproducible signal, at least five times greater than background, was observed on repeat injections of 10 mg/l TNT dissolved in seawater. This study presents one of the first examples of phage selection in a non-physiological medium, and the first demonstration that dye-labeled phage can be integrated into a continuous flow sensor. Crown Copyright (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Bioresource Dev, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 20 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 457 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 AR PII S0003-2670(01)01246-6 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)01246-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 545BY UT WOS:000175197400003 ER PT J AU Lin, HJ Charles, PT Andreadis, JD Churilla, AM Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ AF Lin, HJ Charles, PT Andreadis, JD Churilla, AM Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ TI Cholera toxin-induced modulation of gene expression: elucidation via cDNA microarray for rational cell-based sensor design SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE cDNA microarray; false positive; cholera; epithelial; gene expression; enterotoxin; lymphoma ID INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; IN-VITRO; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; NEURONAL NETWORKS; PATTERNS; PROTEIN; LINE; CLONING; BIOSENSOR; REGION AB Cell-based biosensors utilize functional changes in cellular response to identify the biological threats in a physiological relevant manner. Cell-based sensors have been used for a wide array of applications including toxicological assessment and drug-screening. In this paper, we utilize DNA arrays to identify differential gene expression events induced by toxin exposure for the purpose of developing a reporter gene assay system compatible with insertion into a cell-based sensor platform. HT29, an intestine epithelial cell line, was used as a cell model to study the cholera toxin (CT)-induced host cell modulation using DNA array analysis. A false positive model was generated from analysis of housekeeping genes in untreated control experiments to characterize our system and to minimize the number of false positives in the data. Threshold probability scores (-3.72), which gives <0.02% false positives for up/down regulation from the false positive model, were used to identify 73 and 25 known genes/expression tag sequences (ESTs) that were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in cells exposed 23 nM of CT. Using quantitative multiplex PCR assay, the gene expression levels for several genes shown to be modulated according to the microarray experiments, such as apolipoprotein D (Apol D), E-cadherin, and cyclin A2, were. confirmed. The differential expression of genes encoding cytochrome P450, glutathione transferase (GST), and MGAT2 were noteworthy and consistent with previous studies. Our study provides an approach to analyze cDNA microarray data with defined false positive rates. The utility of cDNA microarray information for the design of cell-based sensor using a reporter gene approach is discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pancrazio, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 63 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 457 IS 1 BP 97 EP 108 AR PII S0003-2670(01)01353-8 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)01353-8 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 545BY UT WOS:000175197400011 ER PT J AU Galicia, MC Vertes, A Callahan, JH AF Galicia, MC Vertes, A Callahan, JH TI Atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization in transmission geometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DESORPTION; GROWTH AB In both atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP MALDI) and vacuum MALDI, the laser typically illuminates the analyte on the front side of an opaque surface (reflection geometry). Another configuration consisting of laser illumination through the sample backside (transmission geometry) has been used in conventional MALDI; however, its use and the number of reports in the literature are limited. The viability of transmission geometry with AP MALDI is demonstrated here. Such a geometry is simple to implement, eliminates the restriction for a metallic sample holder, and allows for the potential analysis of samples on their native transparent surfaces, e.g., cells or tissue sections on slides. C1 USN, Res Lab, Chem Dynam & Diagnost Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Callahan, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Chem Dynam & Diagnost Branch, Code 6115, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Vertes, Akos/B-7159-2008 OI Vertes, Akos/0000-0001-5186-5352 NR 19 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1891 EP 1895 DI 10.1021/ac011098i PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 541BP UT WOS:000174965600020 PM 11985323 ER PT J AU Khurgin, JB Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Khurgin, JB Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Modeling of Q-switched semiconductor lasers based on type-II quantum wells: Increasing the pulse energy and peak power SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SATURABLE ABSORBER; GENERATION; LOCKING AB We propose a semiconductor laser (lambdaapproximate to1.25 mum) whose active region is a type-II multiple-quantum-well structure (AlGaInAs/AlGaAsSb/AlInAs on InP) to lengthen the free-carrier lifetime. Simulations project an order-of-magnitude enhancement of the Q-switched energy per pulse without increasing the pump current. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Khurgin, JB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 15 BP 2631 EP 2633 DI 10.1063/1.1468920 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 540QA UT WOS:000174938600003 ER PT J AU Shenoy, D Lavarello, A Naciri, J Shashidhar, R AF Shenoy, D Lavarello, A Naciri, J Shashidhar, R TI Effect of annealing on the dielectric parameters of ferroelectric TSiKN65 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTALS AB The ionic conductivity of ferroelectric liquid crystals used for pyroelectric detection is a measure of the noise contribution to the output of the device. This is obtained from a measurement of the dielectric loss of the liquid crystal material. An annealing procedure has been developed that reduces the ionic conductivity and hence the dielectric loss significantly. The procedure consists of subjecting the ferroelectric liquid crystal sample to an electric field in the isotropic phase and cooling it into the smectic phase at a certain rate. After measurement of the dielectric parameters, the sample is reheated into the isotropic phase and then cooled again at a slower rate into the smectic phase. The dielectric measurements are repeated again. The entire process is repeated for successively slower cooling rates. We present the results of the effect of this annealing treatment on the dielectric parameters and explain the origin of this phenomenon. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Virginia, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Shenoy, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 15 BP 2737 EP 2739 DI 10.1063/1.1470245 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 540QA UT WOS:000174938600039 ER PT J AU Weaver, BD Jackson, EM AF Weaver, BD Jackson, EM TI Universal behavior in irradiated high-electron-mobility transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION; DISORDER AB Radiation-induced decreases in the drain current I-d in a wide range of GaAs/AlGaAs high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) are shown to be directly proportional to the induced defect concentration. The constant of proportionality depends only weakly on gate length, doping profile and concentration, layer thickness, device geometry, and operating voltages, and is hence nearly device independent. The same proportionality holds when the channel layer material is changed from GaAs to InGaAs. However, when the donor layer material is switched to InGaP (in InGaAs/InGaP HEMTs), the constant of proportionality changes, and the drain current becomes 16-17 times more radiation tolerant. The drain current in InGaAs/InAlAs HEMTs is about 30 times more radiation tolerant than in InGaAs/AlGaAs. We propose that the linear dependence of I-d on defect concentration arises from high-efficiency scattering of carriers out of the two-dimensional electron gas in the channel layer, and that the slope of the linear relationship is determined by the efficiency with which the donor layer reinjects scattered carriers. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20875 USA. RP Weaver, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6818, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 15 BP 2791 EP 2793 DI 10.1063/1.1470243 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 540QA UT WOS:000174938600057 ER PT J AU Yalovega, G Soldatov, AV Riedler, M Pederson, MR Kolmakov, A Nowak, C Moller, T AF Yalovega, G Soldatov, AV Riedler, M Pederson, MR Kolmakov, A Nowak, C Moller, T TI Geometric structure of (NaCl)(4) clusters studied with XANES at the chlorine L-edge and at the sodium K-edge SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NACL CLUSTERS; APPROXIMATION; OPTIMIZATION; ABINITIO; NANCLN; SIZE AB X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra at the sodium K-edge and chlorine L-edge of Na4Cl4 clusters have been studied. A theoretical ab initio analysis of XANES, based on full multiple scattering theory, is compared to experiment. To study the cluster geometry XANES spectra have been simulated for several different structural models including one obtained here from density functional theory (DFT). The results obtained show a significant dependence on the interatomic Na-Cl distance and also support a T-d distortion from a perfect Na4Cl4 cube. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rostov State Univ, Fac Phys, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. DESY, HASYLAB, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. RP Soldatov, AV (reprint author), Rostov State Univ, Fac Phys, Sorge 5, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. RI Kolmakov, Andrei/A-9095-2011; Soldatov, Alexander/E-9323-2012; Yalovega, Galina/N-4544-2013; Kolmakov, Andrei/B-1460-2017 OI Soldatov, Alexander/0000-0001-8411-0546; Kolmakov, Andrei/0000-0001-5299-4121 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 356 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 28 AR PII S0009-2614(02)00281-6 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00281-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 547KF UT WOS:000175331000004 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Kaiser, ML Howard, RA Bougeret, JL AF Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Kaiser, ML Howard, RA Bougeret, JL TI Interplanetary radio emission due to interaction between two coronal mass ejections SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WIND SPACECRAFT; SOLAR; ORIGIN; SHOCKS; MHZ AB [1] We report on the detection of a new class of nonthermal radio emission due to the interaction between two coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The radio emission was detected by the Radio and Plasma Wave Experiment (WAVES) on board the Wind satellite, while the CMEs were observed by the white-light coronagraphs of the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) mission. There was no type II radio burst (metric or interplanetary) preceding the nonthermal emission. The radio emission occurred at a distance beyond 10 R-s from the Sun, where the two CMEs came in contact. Using H-alpha and EUV images, we found that the two CMEs were ejected roughly along the same path. We argue that the nonthermal electrons responsible for the new type of radio emission were accelerated due to reconnection between the two CMEs and/or due to the formation of a new shock at the time of the collision between the two CMEs. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Ctr Solar Phys & Space Weather, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Solar Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Paris, Dept Rech Spatiale, Meudon, France. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Bldg 26 Room G1,Mailstop 682-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM gopals@fugee.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; OI Gopalswamy, Nat/0000-0001-5894-9954 NR 11 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 8 AR 1265 DI 10.1029/2001GL013606 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DF UT WOS:000178886800022 ER PT J AU Thulasiraman, S O'Neill, NT Royer, A Holben, BN Westphal, DL McArthur, LJB AF Thulasiraman, S O'Neill, NT Royer, A Holben, BN Westphal, DL McArthur, LJB TI Sunphotometric observations of the 2001 Asian dust storm over Canada and the US SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID APRIL 1998; AEROSOL; AERONET AB [1] Sunphotometry, supported by TOMS imagery and the NRL-NAAPS global aerosol model, was used to monitor the 2001 springtime Asian dust plume across Canada and the U. S. Comparative analysis between these data sets indicated that the dust plume was remarkable in its extent and persistence and that its evolution could be inferred at western, mid-western and eastern sunphotometer stations for a period of about a week. The dust influence on sunphotmeter monthly statistics is shown to be weak, but systematic. C1 Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. RP Thulasiraman, S (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. NR 10 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 8 AR 1255 DI 10.1029/2001GL014188 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DF UT WOS:000178886800031 ER PT J AU Cheah, CW Tan, LS Karunasiri, G AF Cheah, CW Tan, LS Karunasiri, G TI Application of analytical k.p model with envelope function approximation to intersubband transitions in n-type III-V semiconductor Gamma quantum wells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-INCIDENCE ABSORPTION; LATTICE BAND-STRUCTURE AB A 14-band k.p model combined with an envelope function approximation has been developed for the analysis of III-V semiconductor quantum wells by including the six Gamma(7), Gamma(8) conduction bands nonperturbatively. With appropriate approximations, the envelope functions associated with the Gamma(7), Gamma(8) bands can be expressed in terms of the two Gamma(6) conduction band envelope functions, which are the most important components in the electron wave function of an n-type direct-gap III-V compound semiconductor quantum well of zincblende structure. The Schrodinger-type equations for the Gamma(6) conduction band envelope functions are derived, together with the energy-dependent effective mass that includes the effect of band nonparabolicity, as well as the eigenenergy-dependent effective potential for the envelope wave functions. The Schrodinger-type equations and the boundary conditions for the conservation of probability flux in the 14-band k.p model are found to be different from those of the conventional effective mass model. The 14-band model is then applied to the study of intersubband transitions due to transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) mode infrared radiation in n-type Gamma quantum wells, and the calculated absorption spectra are compared with those computed using an equivalent 8-band k.p model. It is found that the TM absorption spectra calculated using the two models are very similar, but the TE absorption spectra calculated using the 14-band model is up to 6 times higher than that calculated using the 8-band model. A design of the quantum well structure for enhancing TE absorption is also discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Optoelect, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Singapore 119260, Singapore. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cheah, CW (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Optoelect, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Singapore 119260, Singapore. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 8 BP 5105 EP 5115 DI 10.1063/1.1448890 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 535VG UT WOS:000174666600051 ER PT J AU Kim, H Horwitz, JS Kim, WH Kafafi, ZH Chrisey, DB AF Kim, H Horwitz, JS Kim, WH Kafafi, ZH Chrisey, DB TI Highly oriented indium tin oxide films for high efficiency organic light-emitting diodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; THIN-FILMS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; PERFORMANCE; DEVICES; ANODE AB Highly oriented indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were grown by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) on glass and single-crystal yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of these films were investigated as a function of oxygen partial pressure. Films were deposited at substrate temperature of 300 degreesC in mixed gases (12 mTorr of argon and 1-50 mTorr of oxygen) using a KrF excimer laser (248 nm and 30 ns full width at half maximum) at a fluence of 1.2 J/cm2. ITO films (300 nm thick), deposited by PLD on YSZ at 300 degreesC in a gas mixture of 12 mTorr of argon and 6 mTorr of oxygen, exhibit a low electrical resistivity (1.6x10(-4) Omega cm) with a high transparency (similar to74%) at 550 nm. ITO films deposited on both glass and YSZ substrates have been used as an anode contact in organic light-emitting diodes. A comparison of the device performance for the two substrates shows that the device fabricated on the ITO/YSZ has a higher external quantum efficiency than that of the device fabricated on the ITO glass. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), SFA Inc, 9315 Largo Dr W, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 25 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 8 BP 5371 EP 5376 DI 10.1063/1.1461068 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 535VG UT WOS:000174666600095 ER PT J AU Makinen, AJ Hill, IG Kinoshita, M Noda, T Shirota, Y Kafafi, ZH AF Makinen, AJ Hill, IG Kinoshita, M Noda, T Shirota, Y Kafafi, ZH TI Molecular engineering versus energy level alignment: Interface formation between oligothiophene derivatives and a metal substrate studied with photoemission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; ULTRAVIOLET; DEVICES; FAMILY AB Two series of thin films of oligothiophene derivatives grown on Ag substrates have been studied with photoelectron spectroscopy. The oligothiophenes were end-capped with either electron-deficient (dismesitylboryl) or electron-rich (diphenyltolylamine) moieties to create molecules with electron-accepting or -donating properties, respectively. The position of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) at the metal/organic interface is found to be strongly dependent on the effective pi-conjugation length of the oligothiophenes capped with dimesitylboryl groups, whereas in the oligothiophenes capped with diphenyltolylamine, the position of the HOMO is independent of the molecular length. The difference in the observed HOMO characteristics is attributed to the different make-up of the frontier orbitals in the two molecular series. This will particularly affect the overall energy barrier for charge injection at the conductor/organic interface in a device structure, such as an organic light-emitting diode, utilizing the investigated molecules for carrier injection and transport. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Osaka Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Appl Chem, Osaka, Japan. RP Makinen, AJ (reprint author), USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 8 BP 5456 EP 5461 DI 10.1063/1.1464209 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 535VG UT WOS:000174666600108 ER PT J AU Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Bewley, WW Bartolo, RE Lindle, JR Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU AF Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Bewley, WW Bartolo, RE Lindle, JR Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU TI High-brightness mid-infrared photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th National Quanturn Electronics and Photonics Conference CY SEP 03-06, 2001 CL UNIV STRATHELYDE, GLASGOW, SCOTLAND HO UNIV STRATHELYDE ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; DIODE-LASERS; BEAM QUALITY; W-LASERS; OPERATION; AMPLIFIER; MODEL; CW AB The far-field emission and spectral characteristics of a photonic-crystal distributed-feedback (PCDFB) laser with an antimonide type-II 'W' active region were studied theoretically and experimentally. A 2nd-order grating was defined on a 2D rectangular lattice tilted by 20degrees relative to the facet normal, using optical lithography and dry etching. For pulsed optical pumping, the emission line centred on lambda=4.6-4.7 mum was up to an order of magnitude narrower (7-10 nm) than those of Fabry-Perot and angled-grating DFB (alpha-DFB) lasers fabricated from the same wafer. The PCDFB beam quality was also substantially enhanced, for example, by a factor of 5 compared to the alpha-DFB at a pump-stripe width of 200 mum. Theoretical simulations based on a self-consistent time-domain Fourier-transform simulation confirm significant advantages of the PCDFB laser over an alpha-DFB geometry. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sarnoff Corp, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Felix, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 49 IS 5-6 BP 801 EP 810 DI 10.1080/09500340110108585 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 546LW UT WOS:000175276400011 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ Blaha, P Schwarz, K Sofo, JO AF Singh, DJ Blaha, P Schwarz, K Sofo, JO TI Electronic structure of the pyrochlore metals Cd2Os2O7 and Cd2Re2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; INSULATOR; TRANSITION; SR2RUO4 AB First-principles density-functional calculations within the local spin-density approximation and the generalized gradient approximation are reported for pyrochlore Cd2Os2O7 and Cd2Re2O7. The transition-metal t(2g) manifolds are found to be well separated in energy from the O 2p bands and from the higher-lying e(g) and Cd derived bands. The active electronic structure in the t(2g) manifold near the Fermi energy E-F is found to be significantly modified by spin-orbit interactions, which we include. Both materials show semimetallic band structures, in which the E-F lies in an pseudogap. The band structure of Cd2Os2O7 near E-F is dominated by very heavy-hole and electron bands, though at E-F the electron sections are lighter. Cd2Re2O7 has heavy-hole bands but moderate mass electron states. The results are discussed in terms of measured transport and thermodynamic properties of these compounds as well as the very different ground states of these two materials. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Vienna Tech Univ, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Inst Balseiro, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Blaha, Peter/F-2847-2010; Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Sofo, Jorge/J-4415-2012; Sofo, Jorge/B-4344-2014 OI Sofo, Jorge/0000-0003-4513-3694; Sofo, Jorge/0000-0003-4513-3694 NR 24 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 15 AR 155109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.155109 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 544FG UT WOS:000175147100049 ER PT J AU Sheehan, PE Whitman, LJ AF Sheehan, PE Whitman, LJ TI Thiol diffusion and the role of humidity in "dip pen nanolithography" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GOLD; MICROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; SURFACES; FEATURES AB The radii of octadecanethiol spots deposited by an atomic force microscope tip onto a gold surface were studied as a function of contact time and humidity. The deposition is well described by two-dimensional diffusion from an annular source of constant concentration, with a surface diffusion coefficient of 8400 nm(2) s(-1) , independent of humidity. Facile transfer is observed even after near continuous deposition for more than 24 h in a dry N-2 environment, indicating that a water meniscus is not required. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheehan, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174; Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 NR 21 TC 138 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 15 AR 156104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.156104 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 537RM UT WOS:000174773400027 PM 11955210 ER PT J AU Morse, KL Zyda, M AF Morse, KL Zyda, M TI Multicast grouping for data distribution management SO SIMULATION PRACTICE AND THEORY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Simulation Methods and Applications (CSMA 2000) held in conjunction with the IFIP Symposium on Advanced Performance Methods (SAPM 2000) CY OCT 29-31, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA DE HLA; data distribution management; multicast; RTI AB The High Level Architecture's (HLA) Data Distribution Management (DDM) services are the most recent in a succession of systems designed to reduce the amount of data received by individual simulations in large-scale distributed simulations. A common optimization in these interest management systems is the use of multicast groups for sending data to a selected subset of all potential receivers. The use of multicast has met with considerable success in this application. However, its use to date has relied on a priori knowledge of communication patterns between simulations and static assignment of multicast groups to these patterns. As larger, more complex, and less predictable simulations are built, the need has arisen for more efficient use of multicast groups as they are a restricted resource [3Com Corporation, Scaling Performance and Managing Growth with the CoreBuilder 3500 Layer 3 Switch (available at http://www.3com.com/products/dsheets/400347a.html) lists a limit of 6 K, the highest number identified while Synthetic Theater of War (STOW) (D. Van Hook, RITN IM and IM history, personal communication, January 1996) had a hardware limit of approximately 1000. A typical workstation network interface card has only a few (H. Abrams, Extensible interest management for scalable persistent distributed virtual environments, Ph.D. Dissertation, Naval Postgraduate School, December 1999)]. This paper presents two algorithms for performing grouping, and the message delivery time improvements resulting from applying the algorithms to selected data sets. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Morse, KL (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 10260 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4869 J9 SIMULAT PRACT THEORY JI Simul. Pract. Theory PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3-5 BP 121 EP 141 AR PII S0928-4869(01)00054-4 DI 10.1016/S0928-4869(01)00054-4 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 560PG UT WOS:000176090000003 ER PT J AU Alt, JA Obal, F Majde, JA Krueger, JM AF Alt, JA Obal, F Majde, JA Krueger, JM TI GH replacement fails to normalize sleep responses to viral influenza infection in GHRH-receptor deficient mice. SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Albert Szent Gyorgyi Med Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Physiol, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI ROCHESTER PA 6301 BANDEL RD, STE 101, ROCHESTER, MN 55901 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 25 SU S MA 231 BP A175 EP A176 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 540KB UT WOS:000174927200233 ER PT J AU Chen, L Majde, JA Krueger, JM AF Chen, L Majde, JA Krueger, JM TI Spontaneous sleep in neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI ROCHESTER PA 6301 BANDEL RD, STE 101, ROCHESTER, MN 55901 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 25 SU S MA 223 BP A170 EP A171 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 540KB UT WOS:000174927200225 ER EF