FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lazarus, AA Devereaux, A AF Lazarus, AA Devereaux, A TI Potential agents of chemical warfare - Worst-case scenario protection and decontamination methods SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CASUALTIES AB The intentional release of pulmonary agents, cyanides, incapacitating agents, or riot-control agents is increasingly likely in our unstable global political environment. In the chaos and panic that invariably would,follow a chemical attack, primary care physicians would be relied on to provide care for the injured and guidance for emergency response crews. In this article, a complement to the bioterrorism symposium featured in the August issue, Drs Lazarus and Devereaux outline triage and safety protocols to follow in the wake of such an event. A related article an vesicants and nerve agents appeared in the October issue. C1 USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Internal Med Serv, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Lazarus, AA (reprint author), USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Internal Med Serv, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM aalazarus@bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 112 IS 5 BP 133 EP 140 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 835RW UT WOS:000222504200009 PM 12462190 ER PT J AU Walker, L AF Walker, L TI Sertraline-induced akathisia and dystonia misinterpreted as a panic attack SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Clin, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Walker, L (reprint author), USN, Med Clin, Honolulu, HI USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1075-2730 J9 PSYCHIATR SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 53 IS 11 BP 1477 EP 1478 DI 10.1176/appi.ps.53.11.1477 PG 2 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA 610EZ UT WOS:000178948900027 PM 12407283 ER PT J AU Roberts, NC AF Roberts, NC TI Keeping public officials accountable through dialogue: Resolving the accountability paradox SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CITIZEN PARTICIPATION AB How can public officials be held accountable, and yet avoid the paradoxes and pathologies of the current mechanisms of accountability? The answer, claims Harmon (1995), is dialogue. But what exactly is dialogue, and how is it created? More importantly, how can dialogue ensure accountability? To address these questions, I begin with a brief description of dialogue and its basic features, distinguishing it from other forms of communication. An example illustrates how dialogue occurs in actual practice. Not only does dialogue demonstrate the intelligent management of contradictory motives and forces, it also supports Harmon's claim that it can resolve the accountability paradox and avoid the atrophy of personal responsibility and political authority. I suggest that dialogue's advantage outweighs its cost as a mechanism of accountability under a particular set of conditions: when public officials confront "wicked problems" that defy definition and solution, and when traditional problem-solving methods have failed, thus preventing any one group from imposing its definition of the problem or its solutions on others. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Polic, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Int Studies, Monterey, CA USA. RP Roberts, NC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Polic, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 64 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0033-3352 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 62 IS 6 BP 658 EP 669 DI 10.1111/1540-6210.00248 PG 12 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 616XN UT WOS:000179328900002 ER PT J AU Miller, DL Balter, S Noonan, PT Georgia, JD AF Miller, DL Balter, S Noonan, PT Georgia, JD TI Minimizing radiation-induced skin injury in interventional radiology procedures SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fluoroscopy, technology; radiations, exposure to patients and personnel; radiations, injurious effects; radiations, measurement; radiology and radiologists, How I Do It ID FLUOROSCOPICALLY GUIDED PROCEDURES; REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT; EXPOSURE; PATIENT; FILTRATION AB Skin injury is a deterministic effect of radiation. Once a threshold dose has been exceeded, the severity of the radiation effect at any point on the Skin increases with increasing dose. Peak skin close is defined as the highest dose delivered to any portion of the patient's skin. Reducing peak skin dose can reduce the likelihood and type of skin injury. Unfortunately, peak skin dose is difficult to measure in real time, and most currently available fluoroscopic systems do not provide the operator with sufficient information to minimize skin dose. Measures that reduce total radiation dose will reduce peak skin dose, as well as dose to the operator and assistants. These measures include minimizing fluoroscopy time, the number of images obtained, and dose by controlling technical factors. Specific techniques-dose spreading and collimation-reduce both peak skin dose and the size of skin area subjected to peak skin dose. For optimum effect, real-time knowledge of skin-dose distribution is invaluable. A trained operator using well-maintained state-of-the art equipment can minimize peak skin dose in all fluoroscopically guided procedures. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NCI, Med Oncol Clin Res Unit, Canc Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Lenox Hill Hosp, Dept Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Miller, DL (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 20 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 2 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD NOV PY 2002 VL 225 IS 2 BP 329 EP 336 DI 10.1148/radiol.2252011414 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 608AG UT WOS:000178822500005 PM 12409563 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PAS Kane, CJ Sun, L Wu, HY Moul, JW McLeod, DG Martin, DD Kusuda, L Lance, R Douglas, R Donahue, T Beat, MG Foley, J Baldwin, D Soderdahl, D Do, J Amling, CL AF Johnstone, PAS Kane, CJ Sun, L Wu, HY Moul, JW McLeod, DG Martin, DD Kusuda, L Lance, R Douglas, R Donahue, T Beat, MG Foley, J Baldwin, D Soderdahl, D Do, J Amling, CL TI Effect of race on biochemical disease-free outcome in patients with prostate cancer treated with definitive radiation therapy in an equal-access health care system: Radiation oncology report of the department of defense center for prostate disease research SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE data analysis; prostate neoplasms; prostate neoplasms, therapeutic radiology ID EXTERNAL-BEAM RADIATION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; DATA-BASE REPORT; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; PROGNOSTIC FACTOR; ANTIGEN VALUES; UNITED-STATES; 1989 PATTERNS; CARCINOMA; SURVIVAL AB PURPOSE: To report on the first collaboration of the Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research concerned with the relationship between African American race and biochemical disease-free outcomes after definitive radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Information from the medical records of 1,806 patients (1,349 white, 343 African American, 42 of "other" races, and 72 of "unknown" races) treated with definitive radiation therapy between 1973 and 2000 was reviewed. Patients receiving adjuvant hormonal therapy or postoperative adjuvant or salvage radiation therapy were excluded. Biochemical failure was calculated in over 96% of cases by using ASTRO criteria; patients with fewer than three follow-up visits were considered to have biochemical failure with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value more than 10-fold the previous value or with any value greater than 50.0 ng/mL. Median radiation therapy doses were similar. The median follow-up was 58.4 months. Kaplan-Meier tests, Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, and log-rank tests were used for data analysis. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in biochemical disease-free survival according to race when patients were stratified according to T stage. African American race conferred a negative prognosis for patients with lesions of Gleason biopsy score 7 (P = .004) but not for patients with lesions of Gleason score 2-4 (P = .14), 5-6 (P = .79), or 8-10 (P = .86). Similarly, African American race conferred a negative prognosis in patients with PSA values of 20.1-50.0 ng/mL (P = .01) at presentation but not in patients with PSA values less than or equal to 4.0 ng/mL (P = .84), 4.1-10.0 ng/mL (P = .71),10.1-20.0 ng/mL (P = .75), or above 50.0 ng/mL (P = .15) at presentation. At multivariate analysis, race was not a statistically significant predictor of outcome. CONCLUSION: In the equal-access health care system of the Department of Defense, African American race is not associated with a consistently negative prognosis in patients treated with definitive radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Race appears to confer a negative prognosis only in patients with advanced disease at presentation. C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Malcolm Grow Air Force Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Augusta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD NOV PY 2002 VL 225 IS 2 BP 420 EP 426 DI 10.1148/radiol.2252011491 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 608AG UT WOS:000178822500017 PM 12409575 ER PT J AU Xing, GQ Chavko, M Zhang, LX Yang, ST Post, RM AF Xing, GQ Chavko, M Zhang, LX Yang, ST Post, RM TI Decreased calcium-dependent constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) activity in prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and depression SO SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cNOS activity; prefrontal cortex; schizophrenia; affective disorders ID METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; NADPH-DIAPHORASE; CORTICAL DEVELOPMENT; MAJOR DEPRESSION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FRONTAL-LOBE; EXPRESSION; NEURONS; BRAIN; ABNORMALITIES AB To further understand the potential role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in schizophrenia and affective disorders, we determined the calcium-dependent constitutive NOS (cNOS) enzymatic activity and protein levels in the prefrontal cortex of postmortem brains of patients with unipolar, bipolar, and schizophrenic disorders and non-psychiatric controls (n = 15 for each group). Protein levels of two NOS isoforms, nNOS and eNOS, were not significantly different from the non-psychiatric controls in any of the patient groups. However, cNOS activity was significantly lower in schizophrenic patients (mean +/- S.E. = 19.1 +/- 3.2 cpm/mug/45 min) than in the control group (28.5 +/- 3.4, P < 0.05). Trends of lower cNOS activity were found in unipolar (20.3 +/- 2.6, P = 0.062) and bipolar patients (20.8 +/- 3.0, P = 0.079). Males had significantly higher NOS activity (25.4 +/- 2, n = 36, P = 0.01) than females (17.3 +/- 1.9, n = 24), but no significant diagnosis and gender interactions were found. To minimize potential effects of extended postmortem interval (PMI) on NOS activity and proteins, the PMI was limited to 30 h and the data (n = 38) were re analyzed. cNOS activity was significantly (P<0.05) lower in patients with schizophrenia (15.8 +/- 5.6, P = 0.026) and unipolar depression (18.8 +/- 3.2, P = 0.042) but not in patients with bipolar illness (22.9 +/- 3.4, P = 0.21) than in the control group (29.5 +/- 3.7). cNOS activity was significantly correlated with brain pH in the total sample (r = 0.28, P < 0.05, n = 60) and in the PMI controlled subgroup (r = 0.43, P < 0.01, n = 38). Our data provide evidence of reduced cNOS activity in the postmortem brains of patients with schizophrenia and depression. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIMH, Biol Psychiat Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NHLBI, Mol Hematol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Xing, GQ (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 50 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-9964 J9 SCHIZOPHR RES JI Schizophr. Res. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 58 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 AR PII S0920-9964(01)00388-7 DI 10.1016/S0920-9964(01)00388-7 PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 605AV UT WOS:000178654000003 PM 12363386 ER PT J AU Hoffert, MI Caldeira, K Benford, G Criswell, DR Green, C Herzog, H Jain, AK Kheshgi, HS Lackner, KS Lewis, JS Lightfoot, HD Manheimer, W Mankins, JC Mauel, ME Perkins, LJ Schlesinger, ME Volk, T Wigley, TML AF Hoffert, MI Caldeira, K Benford, G Criswell, DR Green, C Herzog, H Jain, AK Kheshgi, HS Lackner, KS Lewis, JS Lightfoot, HD Manheimer, W Mankins, JC Mauel, ME Perkins, LJ Schlesinger, ME Volk, T Wigley, TML TI Advanced technology paths to global climate stability: Energy for a greenhouse planet SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID SPACE SOLAR POWER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DISPOSAL; FUTURE; FUSION; STABILIZATION; EMISSIONS; SYSTEMS; FUELS AB Stabilizing the carbon dioxide induced component of climate change is an energy problem. Establishment of a course toward such stabilization will require the development within the coming decades of primary energy sources that do not emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, in addition to efforts to reduce end-use energy demand. Mid-century primary power requirements that are free of carbon dioxide emissions could be several times what we now derive from fossil fuels (similar to10(13) watts), even with improvements in energy efficiency. Here we survey possible future energy sources, evaluated for their capability to supply massive amounts of carbon emission free energy and for their potential for large-scale commercialization. Possible candidates for primary energy sources include terrestrial solar and wind energy, solar power satellites, biomass, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, fission-fusion hybrids, and fossil fuels from which carbon has been sequestered. Non primary power technologies that could contribute to climate stabilization include efficiency improvements, hydrogen production, storage and transport, superconducting global electric grids, and geoengineering. All of these approaches currently have severe deficiencies that limit their ability to stabilize global climate. We conclude that a broad range of intensive research and development is urgently needed to produce technological options that can allow both climate stabilization and economic development. C1 NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. NYU, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10003 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Houston, Inst Space Syst Operat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Econ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T7, Canada. MIT, Lab Energy & Environm, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Exxon Mobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. McGill Univ, Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Hoffert, MI (reprint author), NYU, Dept Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI Wigley, Tom/B-4705-2008; Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011; Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016 OI Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228 NR 80 TC 591 Z9 606 U1 49 U2 349 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 298 IS 5595 BP 981 EP 987 DI 10.1126/science.1072357 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 609XQ UT WOS:000178932000044 PM 12411695 ER PT J AU Pedersen, A Johnson, B Jones, H Thompson, RL AF Pedersen, A Johnson, B Jones, H Thompson, RL TI Acoustical imaging sensors for mine countermeasures SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, R&D Dept, Div Engn, Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. USN, Space & Warfare Syst, Unmanned Underwater Vehicle Off, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Pedersen, A (reprint author), USN, R&D Dept, Div Engn, Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 43 IS 11 BP 10 EP + PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 618XA UT WOS:000179441600002 ER PT J AU Barton, RJ AF Barton, RJ TI Visualization aids for navy sonar systems and at-sea test ranges SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 43 IS 11 BP 25 EP 28 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 618XA UT WOS:000179441600004 ER PT J AU Frey, M Gerlach, K AF Frey, M Gerlach, K TI Adaptive cancellation of stationary interference in the presence of structured nonstationary interference SO SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID CANCELER; MATRIX AB Adaptive linear cancellation of interference is a key technique for enhancing the performance of many current and planned radar and wireless communication systems. Present methods of cancellation have limited capability when the interference is strongly nonstationary. A maximum likelihood-based cancellation procedure is given for Gaussian interference with a partially known nonstationary covariance component. This procedure is designed for adaptive cancellation implemented by a systolic cascaded array and performs well in computer Monte Carlo experiments. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Bucknell Univ, Dept Math, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Frey, M (reprint author), Bucknell Univ, Dept Math, Olin Sci Bldg, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1684 J9 SIGNAL PROCESS JI Signal Process. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 82 IS 11 BP 1665 EP 1673 AR PII S0165-1684(02)00329-8 DI 10.1016/S0165-1684(02)00329-8 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 605ZV UT WOS:000178707700010 ER PT J AU Zhang, JJ Verhoef, MJ AF Zhang, JJ Verhoef, MJ TI Illness management strategies among Chinese immigrants living with arthritis SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE arthritis; Chinese immigrants; traditional Chinese medicine; Canada ID MEDICINE; CARE; WOMEN AB The purpose of this qualitative study,was to explore: arthritis management strategies among Chinese immigrants in Calgary, Canada, and to, assess factors, that impact on these strategies. Purposive 'sampling was used to select 19 Chinese immigrants living with arthritis. Data were collected by means of in-depth interviews. The interview data were analyzed according to the following steps: (1) transcribing interview materials, (2) developing codes, categories and themes, (3) theoretical coding, and (4) laying out the theoretical framework. The results, of this study describe factors, that impacted. on illness management strategies. These include arthritic symptoms,, beliefs about arthritis, beliefs about Western medicine based on treatment experience, beliefs about Chinese medicine, perceived barriers to using Chinese or Western medicine and social support. The emerging process of illness management shows that immigrants usually started using self-care remedies, followed by consulting Western physicians, consulting Chinese healers, and then returning to Western medicine. The results illustrate that disease management strategies among Chinese immigrants are impacted by disease, personal and cultural factors. These factors suggest helpful directions to providing culturally sensitive care, which can lead to greater satisfaction and well being for Chinese immigrants with arthritis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Verhoef, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Dept Community Hlth Sci, 3330 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 55 IS 10 BP 1795 EP 1802 AR PII S0277-9536(01)00311-2 DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00311-2 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 610TX UT WOS:000178978000008 PM 12383463 ER PT J AU Share, GH Murphy, RJ Dennis, BR Schwartz, RA Tolbert, AK Lin, RP Smith, DM AF Share, GH Murphy, RJ Dennis, BR Schwartz, RA Tolbert, AK Lin, RP Smith, DM TI RHESSI observation of atmospheric gamma rays from impact of solar energetic particles on 21 April 2002 SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The RHESSI high-resolution spectrometer detected gamma-ray lines and continuum emitted by the Earth's atmosphere during impact of solar energetic particles in the south polar region from 16:00-17:00 UT on 21 April 2002. The particle intensity at the time of the observation was a factor of 10-100 weaker than previous events when gamma-rays were detected by other instruments. This is the first high-resolution observation of atmospheric gamma-ray lines produced by solar energetic particles. De-excitation lines were resolved that, in part, come from N-14 at 728, 1635, 2313, 3890, and 5106 keV, and the C-12 spallation product at similar to4439 keV. Other unresolved lines were also detected. We provide best-fit line energies and widths and compare these with moderate resolution measurements by SMM of lines from an SEP event and with high-resolution measurements made by HEAO 3 of lines excited by cosmic rays. We use line ratios to estimate the spectrum of solar energetic particles that impacted the atmosphere. The 21 April spectrum was significantly harder than that measured by SMM during the 20 October 1989 shock event; it is comparable to that measured by Yohkoh on 15 July 2000. This is consistent with measurements of 10-50 MeV protons made in space at the time of the gamma-ray observations. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Share, GH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Dennis, Brian/C-9511-2012 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 210 IS 1-2 BP 357 EP 372 DI 10.1023/A:1022457507830 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 644YE UT WOS:000180948200020 ER PT J AU Papanicolaou, NA Zekentes, K AF Papanicolaou, NA Zekentes, K TI High temperature characteristics of Ti/Al and Cr/Al ohmic contacts to n-type GaN SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE semiconductor; GaN; ohmic contacts; n-type AB The thermal stability of the Ti/Al, Ti/Al/Ni/Au, Cr/Al and Cr/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contact metallizations on n-GaN were investigated. Bilayers of Ti/Al and Cr/Al, with and without Ni/Au overlayers, were deposited on n-GaN using an e-beam deposition method and ohmic contacts formed by a vacuum annealing technique. For both the Ti/Al and Ti/Al/Ni/Au minimum specific contact resistivities of similar to1 x 10(-5) Ohm cm(2) were achieved after vacuum annealing at 1100 degreesC for 2 min. Minimum specific resistivities of similarly formed Cr/Al and Cr/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contacts were 3.8 x 10(-5) and 2.3 x 10(-5) Ohm cm(2) respectively, obtained at 700 and 950 degreesC respectively. The above mentioned contacts were exposed to long term aging at temperatures of 300, 400 and 500 degreesC, for periods up to 100 h and their electrical and morphological characteristics were monitored at the various stages of the aging process. The Ti/Al and Cr/Al/Ni/Au proved to be the most stable of the four metallizations in terms of both electrical performance and surface morphology. The Cr/Al had shown stable morphological stability, but displayed the poorest electrical performance characteristics as a result of the aging process. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, GR-71110 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM papanicolaou@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Zekentes, Konstantinos/A-2498-2014 NR 11 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 EI 1879-2405 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1975 EP 1981 AR PII S0038-1101(02)00137-5 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(02)00137-5 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 614UU UT WOS:000179210300039 ER PT J AU Yamada, K Flippen-Anderson, JL Jacobson, AE Rice, KC AF Yamada, K Flippen-Anderson, JL Jacobson, AE Rice, KC TI Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena; 29: Synthesis of rac(4R,6aR,11bR)-3-methyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-4,11b-methanobenzo-f uro[3,2-d]azocin-10-ol, the para-a oxide-bridged phenylmorphan isomer, and a new route to rac-(4R,6aR,11bR)-3-methyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-4,11b-methanobenzof uro[3,2-d]azocin-8-ol, the ortho-a oxide-bridged phenylmorphan isomer SO SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART LA English DT Article DE phenylmorphan; narcotic antagonist; drugs; ring closure; heterocycles ID PARKINSONISM; SELECTIVITY; LIGANDS AB A six-step synthesis of the para-a oxide-bridged phenylmorphan isomer rac-(4R,6aR,11bR)-3-methyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-IH-4,11b-methanobenzofuro[3,2-d]azocin-10-ol (4), was achieved using Okahara's reagent, 3-chloro-2-methoxymethoxy-propene, to prepare the key intermediate 8. Bromination was directed at the desired carbon atom via the correctly positioned ketone moiety in 8. O-Demethylation followed by subsequent displacement of the bromine by the phenolic ion in situ gave ketone 9 that, after reduction to the alcohol and conversion to the bis-mesylate, could be reduced to obtain the desired product. The structure of was unequivocally determined by an X-ray spectroscopic study. A similar sequence of reactions provided a novel, much shorter synthetic route to the known ortho-a oxide-bridged phenylmorphan isomer. C1 NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Bldg 8,Rm B1-23, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kr21f@nih.gov NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0039-7881 J9 SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART JI Synthesis PD NOV PY 2002 IS 16 BP 2359 EP 2364 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 618AB UT WOS:000179393600008 ER PT J AU Gilmore, CM Sprague, JA AF Gilmore, CM Sprague, JA TI Molecular dynamics simulation of defect formation during energetic Cu deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics simulation; Cu deposition; Cu-Cu potential ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; THIN-FILMS; COMPRESSIVE STRESS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FCC METALS; COPPER; RELAXATION; AG; CLUSTERS AB The deposition of energetic Cu atoms from 5 to 80 eV onto (0 0 1) Cu was simulated with molecular dynamics. The Cu-Cu interaction potential was a spline of the embedded atom potential developed from equilibrium data, and the universal scattering potential. Incident Cu atoms substituted for first layer substrate atoms by an exchange process at energies,is low as 5 eV. Incident Cu atoms of 20 eV penetrated to the second substrate layer, and 20 eV was sufficient energy to produce interstitial defects. Incident atoms of 80 eV penetrated to the third atomic layer, produced interstitials 12 atomic layers into the substrate by focused replacement collision sequences, and produced sputtered atoms with a 16% yield. Interstitial clusters of up to 7 atoms were observed. The observed mechanisms of film growth included: the direct deposition of atoms into film equilibrium atom positions., the exchange of substrate atoms to equilibrium film atoms positions, and the migration of interstitials to equilibrium film atom positions. The relative frequency of each process was a function of incident ener-. Since all observed growth Mechanisms resulted in film atoms in equilibrium atomic positions, these simulations suggest that,tresses in homoepitaxial Cu thin films are due to point defects. Vacancies would produce tensile strain and interstitial atom,, would produce compressive strain in the films. It is proposed that immobile interstitial clusters could be responsible for retaining interstitial atoms and dusters in growing metal thin films. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Inst Mat Sci, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Gilmore, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 419 IS 1-2 BP 18 EP 26 AR PII S0040-6090(02)00609-0 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(02)00609-0 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 616AW UT WOS:000179280400004 ER PT J AU Ambrico, JM Begley, MR AF Ambrico, JM Begley, MR TI The role of initial flaw size, elastic compliance and plasticity in channel cracking of thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE structural properties; multilayers; toughness; channel cracking AB In this paper, we consider the effects of initial flaw size and plasticity in adjacent layers oil the formation of channeling cracks in thin films. Fully three-dimensional finite element analyses are used to determine energy release rates Lis a function of flaw size for both contained through cracks and edge cracks intersecting free surfaces, The result,,, indicate that substantially larger flaws are required to achieve steady state for edge flaws and when the substrate is more compliant than the film. For edge flaws, the crack length required to achieve steady state is significantly larger than the film, thickness, in contrast to conventional wisdom, which assumes steady state is reached when the crack length exceeds only several film thickness, The effect of residual stress in adjacent ductile layers is illustrated for a two-layer system bonded to an elastic substrate, Residual stress in the middle layer promotes plasticity adjacent to the crack and leads to much larger energy release rates than similar, scenarios with films on ductile substrates without residual stress. Comparisons are made between several methods for predicting energy release rates, with the goal of identifying the validity of 2-D steady state approximations. The results can he used to predict critical flaws sizes that lead to film failure and to identify potential susceptibility to inelastic cracking mechanisms. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All lights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Civil Engn, Appl Mech Program, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. USN, Underea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Begley, MR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Civil Engn, Appl Mech Program, B229E Thorton Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. NR 11 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 419 IS 1-2 BP 144 EP 153 AR PII S0040-6090(02)00718-6 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(02)00718-6 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 616AW UT WOS:000179280400022 ER PT J AU Sutto, TE De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Sutto, TE De Long, HC Trulove, PC TI Physical properties of substituted imidazolium based ionic liquids gel electrolytes SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION A-A JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ionic liquid; polymer; electrolyte; lithium; composites ID MOLTEN-SALTS; TEMPERATURE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; LITHIUM AB The physical properties of solid gel electrolytes of either polyvinylidene diflurohexafluoro-propylene or a combination of polyvinylidene hexafluoropropylene and polyacrylic acid, and the molten salts 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-propylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and the new molten salts 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-butylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate were characterized by temperature dependent ionic conductivity measurements for both the pure molten salt and of the molten salt with 0.5 M Li+ present. Ionic conductivity data indicate that for each of the molten salts, the highest concentration of molten salt allowable in a single component polymer gel was 85%, while gels composed of 90% molten salt were possible when using both polyvinylidene hexafluorophosphate and polyacrylic acid. For polymer gel composites prepared using lithium containing ionic liquids, the optimum polymer gel composite consisted of 85% of the 0.5 M Li+/ionic liquid, 12.75% polyvinylidene hexafluoropropylene, and 2.25% poly (1-carboxyethylene). The highest ionic conductivity observed was for the gel containing 90% 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 9.08 mS/cm. For the lithium containing ionic liquid gels, their ionic conductivity ranged from 1.45 to 0.05 mS/cm, which is comparable to the value of 0.91 mS/cm, observed for polymer composite gels containing 0.5 M LiBF4 in propylene carbonate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Sutto, TE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0932-0784 J9 Z NATURFORSCH A JI Z. Naturfors. Sect. A-J. Phys. Sci. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 57 IS 11 BP 839 EP 846 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 634TN UT WOS:000180357300001 ER PT J AU Lin, HJ Shaffer, KM Chang, YH Barker, JL Pancrazio, JJ Stenger, DA Ma, W AF Lin, HJ Shaffer, KM Chang, YH Barker, JL Pancrazio, JJ Stenger, DA Ma, W TI Acute exposure of toluene transiently potentiates p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity in cultured rat cortical astrocytes SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE astrocytes; mitogen-activated protein kinase; toluene; apoptosis; caspase 3; signal transduction ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; DNA-SYNTHESIS; CELLS; GFAP AB It has been shown that the inhalation of toluene in rats can cause neuronal apoptosis in the central nervous system. However, the cellular and molecular effects of toluene directly on astrocytes are relatively unknown. We used primary cultures of astrocytes isolated from the neonatal rat cortex as a model to study the toluene effects on cell outcome and associated signal transduction pathways using immunostaining and Western blotting. We observed that acute toluene exposure significantly induced caspase-dependent cell apoptosis and transiently stimulated the activation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the primary astrocytes. Interestingly, the inhibition of the p42/44 MAPK signaling cascade by PD98059 in conjunction with the toluene treatment evoked more cellular apoptosis than toluene alone, suggesting that the toluene-induced transient MAPK activation may play a role in promoting cell survival during the toluene exposure. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Lin, HJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD OCT 31 PY 2002 VL 332 IS 2 BP 103 EP 106 AR PII S0304-3940(02)00930-8 DI 10.1016/S0304-3940(02)00930-8 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 608BW UT WOS:000178826100008 PM 12384221 ER PT J AU Masumura, RA Rath, BB Pande, CS AF Masumura, RA Rath, BB Pande, CS TI Analysis of Cu-Ni diffusion in a spherical geometry for excess vacancy production SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE diffusion; Kirkendall effect; theory and modeling ID LAMINATE COMPOSITES; PORE FORMATION; KIRKENDALL; MIGRATION AB Darken's equations are formulated for a spherical geometry and used to examine excess vacancy formation for a Cu-Ni binary system. A subsequent numerical analysis is performed to solve for the excess (above the local thermodynamic equilibrium) vacancies. The results indicate a propensity for pore formation due to the presence of supersaturated vacancies. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Masumura, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT 28 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 18 BP 4535 EP 4544 AR PII S1359-6454(02)00273-2 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00273-2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 609YW UT WOS:000178934800008 ER PT J AU Zhou, QY Manasreh, MO Weaver, BD Missous, M AF Zhou, QY Manasreh, MO Weaver, BD Missous, M TI Intersubband transitions in proton irradiated In0.52Ga0.48As/In0.52Al0.48As multiple quantum wells grown on semi-insulating InP substrate SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; ION IRRADIATION; DIODES; DISORDER; LASERS AB Intersubband transitions in In0.52Ga0.48As/In0.52Al0.48As multiple quantum wells (MQWs) were investigated as a function of 1 MeV proton irradiation dose and thermal annealing temperature. It is observed that proton doses as high as 1 x 10(14) cm(-2) do not have a measurable effect on the intensity or the peak position energy of the intersubband transitions. While a dose of 1 x 10(14) cm(-2) has shown a detrimental effect on the intersubband transitions in the GaAs/AlGaAs MQWs, the intersubband transitions in InGaAs/InAlAs MQWs withstood proton doses as high as 1 x 10(15) cm(-2) and completely depleted after irradiation with a dose of 3 x 10(15) cm(-2). Furnace thermal annealing of the heavily irradiated samples shows that the depleted intersubband transitions in InGaAs/InAlAs MQW samples were almost completely recovered. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. UMIST, Dept Elect Engn & Elect, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. RP Zhou, QY (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 18 BP 3374 EP 3376 DI 10.1063/1.1519726 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 609BB UT WOS:000178881800022 ER PT J AU Halilov, SV Fornari, M Singh, DJ AF Halilov, SV Fornari, M Singh, DJ TI Lattice instabilities in (Pb,Cd)TiO3 alloys SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PB(ZR1-XTIX)O-3 ALLOYS; FERROELECTRIC PHASE; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; PBTIO3 AB We report density functional calculations of the lattice instabilities of CdTiO3 and Pb0.5Cd0.5TiO3 supercells. The dominant instabilities in CdTiO3 are against TiO6 octahedral rotation, as may be expected from its Pnma structure. However, Pb substitution for Cd rapidly supresses this instability in favor of A-site driven ferroelectricity. At the 50% Pb composition, the rotational, rhombohedral ferroelectric and tetragonal (TET) ferroelectric instabilities of the cubic perovskite structure are comparable in energy, and moreover a rather large c/a ratio is found for the TET state. This strongly suggests investigation of the Pb rich part of the (Cd,Pb)TiO3 pseudobinary and minor modifications to it as potential high performance piezoelectric materials. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RP Halilov, SV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Fornari, Marco/C-8848-2012; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 OI Fornari, Marco/0000-0001-6527-8511; NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 18 BP 3443 EP 3445 DI 10.1063/1.1518562 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 609BB UT WOS:000178881800045 ER PT J AU Lelieveld, J Berresheim, H Borrmann, S Crutzen, PJ Dentener, FJ Fischer, H Feichter, J Flatau, PJ Heland, J Holzinger, R Korrmann, R Lawrence, MG Levin, Z Markowicz, KM Mihalopoulos, N Minikin, A Ramanathan, V de Reus, M Roelofs, GJ Scheeren, HA Sciare, J Schlager, H Schultz, M Siegmund, P Steil, B Stephanou, EG Stier, P Traub, M Warneke, C Williams, J Ziereis, H AF Lelieveld, J Berresheim, H Borrmann, S Crutzen, PJ Dentener, FJ Fischer, H Feichter, J Flatau, PJ Heland, J Holzinger, R Korrmann, R Lawrence, MG Levin, Z Markowicz, KM Mihalopoulos, N Minikin, A Ramanathan, V de Reus, M Roelofs, GJ Scheeren, HA Sciare, J Schlager, H Schultz, M Siegmund, P Steil, B Stephanou, EG Stier, P Traub, M Warneke, C Williams, J Ziereis, H TI Global air pollution crossroads over the Mediterranean SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-OCEAN EXPERIMENT; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; BACKGROUND OZONE; PEM-TROPICS; AEROSOL; PACIFIC; CLIMATE; TRANSPORT; RAINFALL; SULFUR AB The Mediterranean Intensive Oxidant Study, performed in the summer of 2001, uncovered air pollution layers from the surface to an altitude of 15 kilometers. In the boundary layer, air pollution standards are exceeded throughout the region, caused by West and East European pollution from the north. Aerosol particles also reduce solar radiation penetration to the surface, which can suppress precipitation. In the middle troposphere, Asian and to a lesser extent North American pollution is transported from the west. Additional Asian pollution from the east, transported from the monsoon in the upper troposphere, crosses the Mediterranean tropopause, which pollutes the lower stratosphere at middle latitudes. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. German Weather Serv, Meteorol Observ, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm, I-21020 Ispra, Va, Italy. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-82230 Wessling, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Warsaw Univ, Inst Geophys, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Crete, Environm Chem Proc Lab, Iraklion 71409, Greece. Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. Lab Environm & Climate Sci, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lelieveld, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, POB 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. EM lelieveld@mpch-mainz.mpg.de RI sciare, jean/A-9529-2008; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Holzinger, Rupert/C-9160-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Borrmann, Stephan/E-3868-2010; Minikin, Andreas/A-3904-2011; Berresheim, Harald/F-9670-2011; Crutzen, Paul/F-6044-2012; Flatau, Piotr/E-2219-2011; Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos/H-5327-2016; Lelieveld, Johannes/A-1986-2013; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012 OI Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Minikin, Andreas/0000-0003-0999-4657; Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos/0000-0002-1282-0896; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X NR 47 TC 543 Z9 550 U1 7 U2 81 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 25 PY 2002 VL 298 IS 5594 BP 794 EP 799 DI 10.1126/science.1075457 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 607KR UT WOS:000178791200050 PM 12399583 ER PT J AU Mermoux, M Marcus, B Swain, GM Butler, JE AF Mermoux, M Marcus, B Swain, GM Butler, JE TI A confocal Raman imaging study of an optically transparent boron-doped diamond electrode SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GROWTH-SECTOR DEPENDENCE; THIN-FILM ELECTRODES; CVD DIAMOND; BAND LUMINESCENCE; INFRARED-SPECTRA; UNIAXIAL STRESS; HIGH-QUALITY; SPECTROSCOPY; FANO AB Confocal micro-Raman imaging was used to investigate the structural and, to some extent, the chemical inhomogeneities that exist in a high-quality, free-standing, polished, optically transparent boron-doped chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) diamond disk. A number of boron-related Raman lines centered at about 610, 925, 1045, 1375, and 1470 cm(-1) were evidenced and found to vary from one region of the disk to another. These lines have previously been reported in the literature for other boron-doped crystals or films obtained using completely different growth conditions. Even if their origin is still somewhat uncertain, their presence enabled the construction of spatial maps of the boron signal intensity over the surface. It was confirmed that boron is incorporated into CVD diamond with significant inhomogeneities. In most cases, the boron signal intensity tracked the structure of the grains. The high quality of the disk also allowed a detailed analysis of the grain boundaries to be made. However, a unique description of these grain boundaries in terms of their microstructure and chemical composition could not be developed. There is some evidence that nondiamond phases are incorporated into the grain boundaries, but their Raman signature is quite distinct from that usually reported. Another remarkable feature of this disk is that it is nearly photoluminescence-free. Photoluminescence, as excited by the 514.5 or 457.9 nm lines of an argon ion laser, was only detected within some of the nondiamond amorphous carbon-rich grain boundaries. The low photoluminescence background was also a common feature of a heavily boron-doped, polycrystalline film deposited on silicon, another sample that was also examined in this work for comparison. Despite its high quality, the optically transparent disk is far from being stress-free. Localized stress variations were observed. The strained regions are not systematically associated with the incorporation of nondiamond carbon. Grain boundaries and, most probably, planar defects have been identified as the stress sources. However, it remains difficult to explain the large compressive stress observed for some of the crystals. C1 UJF, INPG, CNRS,UMR 5631, Lab Electrochim & Physicochim Mat & Interfaces, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mermoux, M (reprint author), UJF, INPG, CNRS,UMR 5631, Lab Electrochim & Physicochim Mat & Interfaces, Domaine Univ,BP75, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Swain, Greg/B-3023-2010 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Swain, Greg/0000-0001-6498-8351 NR 45 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 24 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 42 BP 10816 EP 10827 DI 10.1021/jp0202946 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 607LC UT WOS:000178792200006 ER PT J AU Zhao, W Song, CH Pehrsson, PE AF Zhao, W Song, CH Pehrsson, PE TI Water-soluble and optically pH-sensitive single-walled carbon nanotubes from surface modification SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PURIFICATION; DISSOLUTION; SOLVENTS; FULL C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhao, W (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, 2801 S Univ Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. NR 24 TC 287 Z9 293 U1 6 U2 74 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 23 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 42 BP 12418 EP 12419 DI 10.1021/ja027861n PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 605HU UT WOS:000178672900013 PM 12381176 ER PT J AU Paluch, M Casalini, R Best, A Patkowski, A AF Paluch, M Casalini, R Best, A Patkowski, A TI Volume effects on the molecular mobility close to glass transition in supercooled phenylphthalein-dimethylether. II SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; FORMING SUBSTANCES; PRESSURE; LIQUIDS; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; TERPHENYL; SOLIDS; TIME AB Pressure-volume-temperature measurements in phenylphthalein-dimethylether (PDE) are reported, in combination with recently published dynamic light scattering data obtained under high pressure. We discuss the role that volume and thermal effects play in controlling the dynamics in the vicinity of the glass transition. Although volume is not the unique thermodynamical parameter characterizing the relaxation dynamics in PDE, its contribution to the super-Arrhenius behavior of the relaxation times in the vicinity of the glass transition is remarkable. The contribution of volume to the temperature dependence of the relaxation times has been characterized by means of the ratio of the activation energy at constant volume to the enthalpy of activation at constant pressure, E-V/H-P. We point out that this quantity is correlated with the temperature behavior of the nonexponentiallity parameter, beta(KWW). Moreover, the tau(T,P) values were analyzed in terms of an extension of the Adam-Gibbs model. It was shown that this model gives a satisfactory interpretation of the pressure sensitivity of the dynamics (d log(10)(tau)/dP)\(T) in terms of thermodynamic properties of the material. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, INFM, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Inst Phys, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland. RP Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. EM mpaluch@us.edu.pl NR 34 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 16 BP 7624 EP 7630 DI 10.1063/1.1510115 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 602AW UT WOS:000178483400023 ER PT J AU Paluch, M Psurek, T Roland, CM AF Paluch, M Psurek, T Roland, CM TI Ionic conductivity and dielectric relaxation in poly[(phenyl glycidyl ether)-co-formaldehyde] SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; HIGH-PRESSURE; ALPHA-RELAXATION; FORMING LIQUIDS; ORTHO-TERPHENYL; O-TERPHENYL; DEPENDENCE; DYNAMICS; VISCOSITY AB Ionic conductivity data and structural relaxation times for poly(phenyl glycidyl ether)-co-formaldehyde (PPGE) are compared for the supercooled liquid under a wide range of temperatures and pressures. Conformance to the fractional Debye-Stokes-Einstein (fDSE) relation was observed under all conditions. The fDSE exponent, =0.81, provides an estimate of the relative magnitude of the activation volumes for conductivity and dielectric relaxation. The smaller activation volume for the former suggests less free volume is necessary to accommodate ion diffusion in the PPGE than that required for dielectric relaxation. We also fit the combined temperature and pressure dependences of both the conductivity and relaxation times to the Avramov equation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP Paluch, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD OCT 21 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 41 BP 9489 EP 9494 AR PII S0953-8984(02)39701-7 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/41/306 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 614WK UT WOS:000179214300009 ER PT J AU Martin, BD Welsh, ER Mastrangelo, JC Aggarwal, R AF Martin, BD Welsh, ER Mastrangelo, JC Aggarwal, R TI General O-glycosylation of 2-furfuryl alcohol using beta-glucuronidase SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE glycosylation; glycosyl transfer; beta-glucuronidase; glucuronyl transfer; furan; diene ID OPENING METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION; DIRECTED SYNTHESIS; ACTIVE-SITE; GALACTOSIDASE; GLYCOSIDASES; DERIVATIVES; ACID; INHIBITORS; MECHANISM; CHEMISTRY AB beta-Glucuronidase from bovine liver is able to catalyze transfer of several carbohydrates to furfuryl alcohol, an acid-sensitive diene, with transfer yields as high as 84%. Carbohydrates that were transferred in yields of 30% or higher include gluco-, galacto-, xylo-, and fucopyranose. Small variations in the configuration of the substrate hydroxyls lead to large variations in the catalytic behavior of the enzyme in terms of both the initial reaction velocities and the final ratios of transfer-to-hydrolysis. The high transfer yields and surprising nonspecificity towards carbohydrate suggest that the enzyme may be a versatile tool for the general O-glycosylation of dienic alcohols. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martin, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD OCT 20 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 2 BP 222 EP 227 DI 10.1002/bit.10365 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 596FC UT WOS:000178152700011 PM 12209778 ER PT J AU Kim, OK Woo, HY Kim, JK Heuer, WB Lee, KS Kim, CY AF Kim, OK Woo, HY Kim, JK Heuer, WB Lee, KS Kim, CY TI Bipolar behavior revealed by D-pi-D chromophores bearing dithienothiophene (DTT) as pi-center in redox- and LE properties SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL CHROMOPHORES; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; BRIDGING LIGANDS; SYSTEMS; ELECTRON; THIOPHENE; COMPLEXES; SPACERS AB A series of D/D- and D/A pair conjugated chromophores based on dithienothiophene, DTT, as conjugated linker (pi-center) were synthesized (D-pi-D and D-pi-A) and studied optical and electrochemical properties. Unusual bipolar behavior was observed with D-pi-D, displaying the redox property similar to that of D-pi-A. Single-layer lightemitting (LE) devices fabricated with such electronically dissimilar oligomers exhibited a close resemblance in their diode characteristics that are commonly observed with bipolar LE materials. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Seoul 130650, South Korea. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kim, OK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2002 VL 364 IS 5-6 BP 432 EP 437 AR PII S0009-2614(02)01350-7 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)01350-7 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 604PT UT WOS:000178630800002 ER PT J AU Hierholzer, M Graham, RR El Khidir, I Tasker, S Darwish, M Chapman, GD Fagbami, AH Soliman, A Birx, DL McCutchan, F Carr, JK AF Hierholzer, M Graham, RR El Khidir, I Tasker, S Darwish, M Chapman, GD Fagbami, AH Soliman, A Birx, DL McCutchan, F Carr, JK TI HIV type 1 strains from East and West Africa are intermixed in Sudan SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTION AB The genetic subtypes of HIV-1 in the Sudan epidemic have not been characterized. Here we report the partial sequencing and analysis of 30 strains collected from HIV-1-positive patients and blood donors in Khartoum in 1998 and 1999. From analysis of partial pol and env sequences, it was determined that 50% were subtype D and 30% were subtype C. Of interest, some subtype D clustered with those from East Africa whereas others joined subtype D from West Africa. Subtype A, subtype B, and three unique recombinants were also found, some partially unclassifiable. One unclassified strain matched another reported previously from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Sudan borders nine other African countries, and has suffered more than 20 years of civil strife with large population displacements. The intermixing of HIV-1 subtypes previously separated in Africa may be occurring there, with the potential to generate novel new strains by recombination. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Virol Res Program, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Carr, JK (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn, 1 Taft Court,Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013 OI Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115 NR 9 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 15 BP 1163 EP 1166 DI 10.1089/088922202320567923 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 601JM UT WOS:000178442700010 PM 12402957 ER PT J AU Mehta, RL McDonald, B Gabbai, F Pahl, M Farkas, A Pascual, MTA Zhuang, SP Kaplan, RM Chertow, GM AF Mehta, RL McDonald, B Gabbai, F Pahl, M Farkas, A Pascual, MTA Zhuang, SP Kaplan, RM Chertow, GM TI Nephrology consultation in acute renal failure: Does timing matter? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE; OUTCOMES; TRIAL; HEMODIALYSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROGNOSIS; SURVIVAL; SEVERITY; THERAPY; ILLNESS AB PURPOSE: Patients who develop acute renal failure in the intensive care unit (ICU) have extremely high rates of mortality and morbidity. The goals of this study were to identify correlates of the timing of nephrology consultation in acute renal failure, and to explore the relation between timing of consultation and outcomes. METHODS: We explored associations among timing of nephrology consultation and in-hospital mortality, lengths of hospital and ICU stay, and recovery of renal function in 215 ICU patients with acute renal failure at four U.S. teaching hospitals. We used multivariable logistic regression and propensity scores to adjust for confounding and selection effects. RESULTS: Nephrology consultation was delayed (greater than or equal to48 hours) in 61 patients (28%) (median time to consultation, 4 days). Lower serum creatinine levels (P <0.0001) and higher urine output (P = 0.002) were associated with delayed consultation. Delayed consultation was associated with increased mortality among dialyzed (31/42 [74%] vs. 50/103 [49%], P = 0.006) and nondialyzed patients (10/19 [53%] vs. 11/51 [22%], P = 0.01), and increases in lengths of hospital (median, 19 days vs. 16 days, P = 0.01) and ICU stay (17 days vs. 6 days, P <0.0001). The association between delayed consultation and mortality was attenuated by covariate adjustment, and was no longer statistically significant after adjustment for propensity score (odds ratio = 2.0; 95% confidence interval: 0.8 to 5.1). CONCLUSION: In acute renal failure, delayed nephrology consultation was associated with increased mortality and morbidity, whether or not dialysis was ultimately required. Using observational data, we cannot determine whether these findings reflect residual confounding, selection bias, adverse effects of delayed recognition of acute renal failure, or the benefits of nephrology consultation. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. San Diego Vet Adm Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Mehta, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, 200 W Arbor Dr 8342, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [HS06466]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK53412] NR 30 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 2 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 113 IS 6 BP 456 EP 461 AR PII S0002-9343(02)01230-5 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01230-5 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 613TY UT WOS:000179148600002 PM 12427493 ER PT J AU Markowicz, KM Flatau, PJ Ramana, MV Crutzen, PJ Ramanathan, V AF Markowicz, KM Flatau, PJ Ramana, MV Crutzen, PJ Ramanathan, V TI Absorbing mediterranean aerosols lead to a large reduction in the solar radiation at the surface SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-OCEAN EXPERIMENT; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ATMOSPHERE; CLOUD; CLIMATE; MODELS; TOP AB [1] We present direct radiometric observations of aerosol radiative forcing taken during the MINOS experiment (2001) at Finokalia Sampling Station located on North-Eastern shores of Crete, Greece. The mean value of aerosol optical thickness was 0.21 at 500 nm. Aerosols, mostly of anthropogenic origin, lead to a diurnal average reduction of 17.9 W m(-2) in the surface solar radiation, an increase of 11.3 W m(-2) in the atmospheric solar absorption, and an increase of 6.6 W m(-2) in the reflected solar radiation at the top-of-the atmosphere. Thus, the present data gives observational proof for the large role of absorbing aerosols in the Mediterranean. The negative surface forcing and large positive atmospheric forcing values observed for the Mediterranean aerosols is nearly identical to the highly absorbing south Asian haze observed over the Arabian Sea. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Geophys, PL-00325 Warsaw, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Sci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Markowicz, KM (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Geophys, PL-00325 Warsaw, Poland. EM kmark@igf.fuw.edu.pl RI Crutzen, Paul/F-6044-2012; Flatau, Piotr/E-2219-2011 NR 18 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 20 AR 1968 DI 10.1029/2002GL015767 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 639BL UT WOS:000180607700029 ER PT J AU Dzhioev, RI Korenev, VL Zakharchenya, BP Gammon, D Bracker, AS Tischler, JG Katzer, DS AF Dzhioev, RI Korenev, VL Zakharchenya, BP Gammon, D Bracker, AS Tischler, JG Katzer, DS TI Optical orientation and the Hanle effect of neutral and negatively charged excitons in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum wells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; SPIN; GAAS AB We report on the optical orientation of negatively charged excitons (trions) in [001] GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum wells (QW's). The spin orientation of equilibrium electrons reveals itself in the polarized luminescence of both excitons and trions. The Hanle effect of the trions differs substantially from that of the neutral excitons. It is found experimentally that the electron-spin-relaxation time in a 14-nm QW exceeds 10 ns at T=4.2 K. C1 AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dzhioev, RI (reprint author), AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013; Korenev, Vladimir/C-1107-2014 NR 21 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15 AR 153409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.153409 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612MV UT WOS:000179080800038 ER PT J AU Woods, LM Reinecke, TL Lyanda-Geller, Y AF Woods, LM Reinecke, TL Lyanda-Geller, Y TI Spin relaxation in quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FLIP TRANSITIONS AB Results are given for spin relaxation in quantum dots due to acoustic phonon-assisted flips of single spins at low temperatures. The dominant spin relaxation processes for varying dot size, temperature, and magnetic field are identified. These processes are mediated by the spin-orbit interaction and are described within a generalized effective mass treatment. Particular attention is given to phonon coupling due to interface motion, which dominates the relaxation for dots with diameters less than or similar to15 nm, and also to a direct spin-phonon process that arises from valence-conduction band coupling and dominates the rates for increasing temperature. Low-temperature relaxation rates are found to be small and to depend strongly on size, on temperature, and on magnetic field. Results are illustrated with evaluations for GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs systems, and a minimum in the relaxation rate is found for dot diameters similar to20 nm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Woods, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 16 AR 161318 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.161318 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 616DL UT WOS:000179286400024 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, SC Kampen, RL Amur, S Sharaf, MA Kleiner, DE Hunter, K Swanson, SJ Hale, DA Mannon, RB Blair, PJ Kirk, AD AF Hoffmann, SC Kampen, RL Amur, S Sharaf, MA Kleiner, DE Hunter, K Swanson, SJ Hale, DA Mannon, RB Blair, PJ Kirk, AD TI Molecular and immunohistochemical characterization of the onset and resolution of human renal allograft ischemia-reperfusion injury SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID DELAYED GRAFT FUNCTION; QUANTITATIVE RT-PCR; ACUTE REJECTION; SUBCLINICAL REJECTION; TRANSPLANTED KIDNEYS; ADHESION MOLECULES; GENE-EXPRESSION; UP-REGULATION; BIOPSIES; HYPERTENSION AB Background. Following allotransplantation, renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury initiates a series of events that provokes counter-adaptive immunity. Though T cells clearly mediate allospecific immunity, the manner in which reperfusion events augment their activation has not been established. In addition, comprehensive analysis of I/R injury in humans has been limited. Methods. To evaluate the earliest events occurring following allograft reperfusion and gain insight into those factors linking reperfusion to alloimmunity, we examined human renal allografts 30 to 60 minutes postreperfusion (n=10) and compared them with allografts with normal function that had resolved their I/R injury insult (>1 month posttransplant, n=6) and to normal kidneys (living donor kidneys before procurement, n=8). Biopsies were processed both for immunohistochemical analysis as well as for transcript analysis by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results. Reperfusion injury was characterized by increased levels of gene transcripts known to be involved in cellular adhesion, chemotaxis, apoptosis, and monocyte recruitment and activation. T-cell-associated transcripts were generally absent. However, recovered allografts exhibited increased levels of T-cell and costimulation-related gene transcripts despite normal allograft function. Consistent with these findings, the immediate postreperfusion state was characterized histologically by tubular injury and monocyte infiltration, while the stable posttransplant state was notable for T-cell infiltration. Conclusions. These data suggest that monocytes and, transcripts related to their recruitment dominate the immediate postreperfusion state. This gives way to a T-cell dominant milieu even in grafts selected for their stable function and absence of rejection. These data have implications for understanding the fundamental link between I/R injury and alloimmunity. C1 NIDDKD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Appl Biosyst Inc, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. NCI, Pathol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Organ Transplant Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kirk, AD (reprint author), Room 11S-219,Bldg 10,Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012; OI Kleiner, David/0000-0003-3442-4453 NR 39 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 7 BP 916 EP 923 DI 10.1097/01.TP.0000031932.83993.E9 PG 8 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 604WX UT WOS:000178645000003 PM 12394831 ER PT J AU Xu, H Tadaki, DK Elister, EA Burkly, LC Berning, JD Cruzata, F Kampen, RL Montgomery, SP Patterson, NB Harlan, DM Kirk, AD AF Xu, H Tadaki, DK Elister, EA Burkly, LC Berning, JD Cruzata, F Kampen, RL Montgomery, SP Patterson, NB Harlan, DM Kirk, AD TI Humanized ANTI-CD154 antibody therapy for the treatment of allograft rejection in nonhuman primates SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; CD40 LIGAND; EXPRESSION AB The anti-CD154 antibody hu5C8 prevents acute allograft rejection and prolongs allograft survival after withdrawal of therapy in nonhuman primates. This study describes the use of hu5C8 as a rescue agent for rejection developing after the withdrawal of hu5C8. Twelve rhesus monkeys that had received renal allografts under hu5C8 induction and subsequently rejected were studied. Rescue with hu5C8 was analyzed based on the histological character of the rejection (acute versus chronic) and whether conventional therapy was received at the time of rescue or induction. The diagnosis of rejection and response to therapy was based on allograft function and histology. Four monkeys that had acute rejection associated with conventional immunosuppression and hu5C8 were not reversed by hu5C8 rescue. Four animals with isolated chronic rejection following prolonged rejection-free survival after the withdrawal of hu5C8 did not respond to hu5C8 rescue therapy. Hu5C8 rescue therapy effectively reversed acute rejection occurring in two monkeys after hu5C8 withdrawal. One of two animals with combined acute on chronic rejection responded to hu5C8 rescue therapy. Hu5C8 effectively reverses acute but not chronic allograft rejection and appears to have no synergistic effect with conventional rescue agents. C1 USN, NIDDK, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Kirk, AD (reprint author), Room 11S-219,Bldg 10,Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 43900] NR 10 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 7 BP 940 EP 943 DI 10.1097/00007890-200210150-00007 PG 4 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 604WX UT WOS:000178645000007 PM 12394834 ER PT J AU Shaw, JL Treece, RE Patel, D Menoni, CS Smith, JR Pankove, JI AF Shaw, JL Treece, RE Patel, D Menoni, CS Smith, JR Pankove, JI TI Electron emission from GaN n-p junctions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AFFINITY AB We report on electron emission from cesiated GaN n-p junctions in forward bias. Surface electric fields similar to3 V/mum caused a fivefold increase in emission current. Initial maximum currents in excess of 200 nA degrade to 50 nA due to charge trapping but are quickly recovered at zero bias. Energy spectra confirm negative electron affinity 80 h after cesiation, indicate resistive losses limit the emission current, and reveal significant emission at energies above the Fermi level of the injecting contact. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Astralux Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Shaw, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Menoni, Carmen/A-3775-2008; Menoni, Carmen/B-4989-2011 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 14 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 16 BP 3076 EP 3078 DI 10.1063/1.1514824 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 601RB UT WOS:000178460500054 ER PT J AU Stroud, RM Hanbicki, AT Park, YD Kioseoglou, G Petukhov, AG Jonker, BT Itskos, G Petrou, A AF Stroud, RM Hanbicki, AT Park, YD Kioseoglou, G Petukhov, AG Jonker, BT Itskos, G Petrou, A TI Reduction of spin injection efficiency by interface defect spin scattering in ZnMnSe/AlGaAs-GaAs spin-polarized light-emitting diodes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR; RELAXATION; LAYERS AB We report the first experimental demonstration that interface microstructure limits diffusive electrical spin-injection efficiency across heteroepitaxial interfaces. An inverse correlation be-tween spin-polarized electron injection efficiency and interface defect density is demonstrated for ZnMnSe/AlGaAs-GaAs spin-polarized light-emitting diodes that exhibit quantum well spin polarizations up to 85%. A theoretical treatment shows that the suppression of spin injection due to interface defects results from the contribution of the defect potential to the spin-orbit interaction, which increases the spin-flip scattering. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Phys, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Stroud, RM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Park, Yun/A-9559-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Park, Yun/0000-0001-7699-0432 NR 30 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 14 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 16 AR 166602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.166602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 600HJ UT WOS:000178384300035 PM 12398743 ER PT J AU Shriver-Lake, LC Gammeter, WB Bang, SS Pazirandeh, M AF Shriver-Lake, LC Gammeter, WB Bang, SS Pazirandeh, M TI Covalent binding of genetically engineered microorganisms to porous glass beads SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference of the Federation-of-Analytical-Chemistry-and-Spectroscopy-Societies (FACSS) CY OCT 07-12, 2001 CL DETROIT, MI SP Federat Analyt Chem & Spect Soc DE cell immobilization; heavy metal; remediation; bacteria ID HEAVY-METAL UPTAKE; CELL IMMOBILIZATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; METALLOPROTEINS; DEGRADATION; PROTEINS; DESIGN; DEVICE; GENE; NCP AB Several covalent immobilization methods, which have been routinely used with proteins and antibodies, were studied for their ability to immobilize genetically engineered Escherichia coli cells to glass beads. The cells used in this study expressed a metal binding peptide that binds cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg). The initial work focused on a method employing 2.5% aminopropyltrimethoxy silane and 2.5% glutaraldehyde for covalent immobilization of cells onto porous glass beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated cell attachment (average of 3.0 x 10(8) cells per bead) to the irregular surface. Columns containing cells immobilized with the 2.5% aminosilane and 2.5% glutaraldehyde removed more than 90% of the Cd from solutions with 50 ppb and 1 ppm levels. Following removal of the bound Cd with HCl elution and regeneration to pH 6.0, the columns were shown to effectively bind additional cadmium. Various concentrations of aminosilane and glutaraldehyde were tested for improved cell density. Glutaraldehyde is a universal and convenient cross-linker, but there are some concerns with its effects on the cells and proteins, therefore, two additional covalent techniques were examined. One method employed the aminopropyltrimethoxy silane and carbodiimide, and the other used mercaptopropyltrimethoxy silane and the heterobifunctional cross-linker GMBS. Some comparisons of these two immobilization methods to the method employing glutaraldehyde are described. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Washington, DC 20375 USA. S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Shriver-Lake, LC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lcs@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 EI 1873-4324 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD OCT 11 PY 2002 VL 470 IS 1 BP 71 EP 78 AR PII S0003-2670(02)00540-8 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00540-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 597PC UT WOS:000178229100008 ER PT J AU Oyofo, BA Subekti, D Tjaniadi, P Machpud, N Komalarini, S Setiawan, B Simanjuntak, C Punjabi, N Corwin, AL Wasfy, M Campbell, JR Lesmana, M AF Oyofo, BA Subekti, D Tjaniadi, P Machpud, N Komalarini, S Setiawan, B Simanjuntak, C Punjabi, N Corwin, AL Wasfy, M Campbell, JR Lesmana, M TI Enteropathogens associated with acute diarrhea in community and hospital patients in Jakarta, Indonesia SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diarrhea; etiological agent; antimicrobial susceptibility; Indonesia ID ENTERIC PATHOGENS; RURAL BANGLADESH; DISEASE; HEALTH; PERSPECTIVES; BACTERIAL; CHILDREN; AGENTS AB The prevalence of bacteria, parasite and viral pathogens in 3875 patients with diarrhea in community and hospital settings from March 1997 through August 1999 in Jakarta, Indonesia was determined using routine bacteriology and molecular assay techniques. Bacterial pathogens isolated from hospital patients were, in decreasing frequency, Vibrio cholerae O1, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter jejuni, while S. flexneri, V cholerae O1, Salmonella spp. and C. jejuni were isolated from the community patients. V. cholerae O1 was isolated more frequently (P < 0.005) from the hospital patients than the community patients. Overall, bacterial pathogens were isolated from 538 of 3875 (14%) enrolled cases of diarrhea. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli were detected in 218 (18%) of 1244 rectal swabs. A small percentage of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (1%) and of Clostridium difficile (1.3%) was detected. Parasitic examination of 389 samples resulted in 43 (11%) positives comprising Ascaris lumbricoides (1.5%), Blastocystis hominis (5.7%), Giardia lamblia (0.8%), Trichuris trichiura (2.1%) and Endolimax nana (0.5%). Rotavirus (37.5%), adenovirus (3.3%) and Norwalk-like virus (17.6%) were also detected. Antimicrobial resistance was observed among some isolates. Bacterial isolates were susceptible to quinolones, with the exception of some isolates of C. jejuni which were resistant to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and norfloxacin. Data obtained from this community- and hospital-based study will enable the Indonesian Ministry of Health to plan relevant studies on diarrheal diseases in the archipelago. (C) 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Sumber Waras Hosp, Jakarta, Indonesia. Friendship Hosp, Jakarta, Indonesia. Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Trisakti Univ, Fac Med, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Oyofo, BA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Unit 8132, Box 3, FPO, AP 96520 USA. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD OCT 11 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 2 BP 139 EP 146 AR PII S0928-8244(02)00351-6 DI 10.1016/S0928-8244(02)00351-6 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 608PG UT WOS:000178854900008 PM 12381465 ER PT J AU Titarchuk, L AF Titarchuk, L TI Effects of resonance in quasi-periodic oscillators of neutron star binaries SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars : individual (GX 5-1, GX 17+2, GX 340+0, Scorpius X-1, 4U 0614+09, 4U 1728-34); stars : neutron ID X-RAY BINARIES; Z-SOURCE GX-340+0; FREQUENCY; FEATURES; MODEL; 4U-1728-34; DISCOVERY AB Using a large quantity of Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer data presented in the literature, I offer a detailed investigation into the accuracy of the quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) frequency determination. The QPO phenomenon seen in X-ray binaries is possibly a result of the resonance of the intrinsic (eigen) oscillations and harmonic driving forces of the system. I show that the resonances, in the presence of the damping of oscillations, occur at frequencies that are systematically and randomly shifted with respect to the eigenfrequencies of the system. The shift value strongly depends on the damping rate that is measured by the half-width of the QPO feature. Taking into account this effect, I analyze the QPO data for four Z sources, Scorpius X-1, GX 340+0, GX 5-1, and GX 17+2, and two atoll sources, 4U 1728-34 and 4U 0614+09. The transition-layer model (TLM) predicts the existence of the invariant quantity delta, an inclination angle of the magnetospheric axis with respect to the normal to the disk. I calculate delta and the error bars of delta using the resonance shift, and I find that the inferred delta-values are consistent with constants for these four Z sources, in which horizontal-branch oscillation and kilohertz frequencies have been detected and correctly identified. It is shown that the inferred delta are in the range between 5.degrees5 and 6.degrees5. I conclude that the TLM seems to be compatible with the data. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res Sci & Technol 1, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Titarchuk, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res Sci & Technol 1, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2002 VL 578 IS 1 BP L71 EP L74 DI 10.1086/344499 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 598XQ UT WOS:000178302200017 ER PT J AU Du, L Grunes, MR Lee, JS AF Du, L Grunes, MR Lee, JS TI Unsupervised segmentation of dual-polarization SAR images based on amplitude and texture characteristics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID RANDOM-FIELD MODELS; CLASSIFICATION AB A new approach for the unsupervised segmentation of dual-polarization Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images based on statistics of both the amplitude variations and the textural characteristics of the data is presented. A co-polarized amplitude image and a cross-polarized amplitude image are used in this study. It is a two-step process. In the first step, these images are filtered once to suppress the speckle noise while preserving the contrast associated with edges and subtle details. The feature vector composed of the two filtered image pixels is assumed to have a joint Gaussian distribution. A scanning window is used to discover clusters at each position. A merging procedure follows to combine these clusters based on the Mahalanobis distance measure, into a number appropriate for the image. A Bayes maximum likelihood classifier is then applied. In the second step, we adopt the second-order Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) models for image textures in the original un-filtered images. Segments assigned to each class in the first step are examined for possible sub-division into groups, based on textural characteristics. Two segments are considered texturally similar if the ratio of the pseudo-likelihoods of the image before and after merging is close to one. C1 USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Du, L (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI anzhi, yue/A-8609-2012 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT 10 PY 2002 VL 23 IS 20 BP 4383 EP 4402 DI 10.1080/01431160110115843 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 599MC UT WOS:000178337700015 ER PT J AU Dusek, K Duskova-Smrckova, M Fedderly, JJ Lee, GF Lee, JD Hartmann, B AF Dusek, K Duskova-Smrckova, M Fedderly, JJ Lee, GF Lee, JD Hartmann, B TI Polyurethane networks with controlled architecture of dangling chains SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE distribution; gelation; networks; polyurethane; structure; viscoelastic properties ID MODEL NETWORKS; ELASTICITY; GELATION; BEHAVIOR AB Network formation form A(x) + B-y precursors (A + B --> A - B) with functionality and molecular weight distributions is described by the statistical theory of branching processes. Network formation is described in terms of sol and gel fractions, dangling chains, elastically active network chains (EANC), elastically active crosslinks, free chain ends and branch points partitioned between sol and gel. various definitions of an EANC are considered. The general relations are applied to a special case of A1 + A2 + A3/B2 system. It is shown how the size and weight fractions for dangling chains can be varied independently by varying the functionality or molecular weight distributions. This is demonstrated experimentally analyzing corresponding polyetherurethane networks prepared form mixtures of polyoxypropylene polyols. The width of the main transition region correlates with the fraction of material in dangling chains. The dependence of the equilibrium shear modulus on the concentration of EANC's indicates much weaker intermolecular interactions for networks with many short angling chains compared with systems have few longer dangling chains. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Macromol Chem, CR-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic. Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Dept Macromol Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Dusek, K (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Macromol Chem, CR-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic. RI Duskova-Smrckova, Miroslava/I-5530-2014; Dusek, Karel /I-5692-2014 NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1352 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYSIC JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 10 PY 2002 VL 203 IS 13 BP 1936 EP 1948 DI 10.1002/1521-3935(200209)203:13<1936::AID-MACP1936>3.0.CO;2-C PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 608ZF UT WOS:000178877900008 ER PT J AU Lekka, CE Papageorgiou, DG Evangelakis, GA AF Lekka, CE Papageorgiou, DG Evangelakis, GA TI Molecular dynamics study of the transport and structural properties of the Cu3Au and Ni3Al(110) surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; surface diffusion; surface structure, morphology, roughness and topography; alloys; adatoms ID SELF-DIFFUSION PROCESSES; LOW INDEXED SURFACES; CU-AU ALLOYS; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; ORDER-DISORDER; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CU(110) SURFACE; MONTE-CARLO; SEGREGATION; SIMULATIONS AB We present molecular dynamics results concerning the transport and the structural properties of the Cu3Au and Ni3Al(1 1 0) surfaces in presence of adatoms and vacancies. In the Cu3Au case we found that below 500 K the Cu adatom occupies preferably the so-called "dumb-bell" position, while the Au adatom penetrates into the second pure Cu layer via an exchange type mechanism inducing thereby local disorder. At higher temperatures the Cu adatom resides almost exclusively at fourfold positions, while spontaneous creation of adatom-vacancy pairs is also present. Vacancy diffusion processes induce surface disorder that starts by as much as 150 K below the bulk order-disorder temperature. In the case of Ni3Al(1 1 0) surface, we found a new Al adatom position situated between two Ni surface atoms. It came out that this position plays an important role in the adatom's diffusive behavior. Above 800 K adatom-vacancy pairs are spontaneously created and in conjunction with exchange type diffusion mechanisms they affect seriously the surface order. In addition, we found that the Ni adatoms are more active than the Al adatoms, this difference in the adatom diffusivity being accentuated by exchange events, leading very quickly the surface in a disordered state. In conclusion, it comes out that the CU3Au and Ni3Al(1 1 0) surfaces disorder well below the bulk transition temperature (663 K, Cu3Au) and the melting point (1663 K, Ni3Al) via diffusion processes of the adatoms and/or vacancies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, Div Solid State, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Ioannina, Dept Mat Sci, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Evangelakis, GA (reprint author), Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, Div Solid State, POB 1186, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD OCT 10 PY 2002 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 125 AR PII S0039-6028(02)02116-7 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02116-7 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 604WC UT WOS:000178643200013 ER PT J AU Verma, MS Pratt, L Ganesh, C Medina, C AF Verma, MS Pratt, L Ganesh, C Medina, C TI Hair-MAP: a prototype automated system for forensic hair comparison and analysis SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE forensic hair comparison; neural network; wavelet theory; pattern recognition; total morphological pattern; image processing AB This paper demonstrates the feasibility of the automation of forensic hair analysis and comparison task using neural network explanation systems (NNESs). Our system takes as input microscopic images of two hairs and produces a classification decision as to whether or not the hairs came from the same person. Hair images were captured using a NEXTDimension(TM) video board in a NEXTDimension(TM) color turbo computer, connected to a video camera. linage processing was done on an SGI indigo workstation. Each image is segmented into a number of pieces appropriate for classification of different features. A variety of image processing techniques are used to enhance this information. Use of wavelet analysis and the Haralick texture algorithm to pre-process data has allowed us to compress large amounts of data into smaller, yet representative data. Neural networks are then used for feature classification. Finally, statistical tests determine the degree of match between the resulting collection of hair feature vectors. An important issue in automation of any task in criminal investigations is the reliability and understandability of the resulting system. To address this concern, we have developed methods to facilitate explanation of neural network's behavior using a decision tree. The system was able to achieve a performance of 83% hair match accuracy, using 5 of the 21 morphological characteristics used by experts. This shows promise for the usefulness of a fuller scale system. While an automated system would not replace the expert, it would make the task easier by providing a means for pre-processing the large amount of data with which the expert must contend. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Crime Lab Bur, Denver Police Dept, Denver, CO 80204 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Robot & Intelligent Syst, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Verma, MS (reprint author), Crime Lab Bur, Denver Police Dept, 1331 Cherokee St, Denver, CO 80204 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD OCT 9 PY 2002 VL 129 IS 3 BP 168 EP 186 AR PII S0379-0738(02)00277-3 DI 10.1016/S0379-0738(02)00277-3 PG 19 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 608PD UT WOS:000178854600004 PM 12372687 ER PT J AU Melinger, JS Pan, YC Kleiman, VD Peng, ZH Davis, BL McMorrow, D Lu, M AF Melinger, JS Pan, YC Kleiman, VD Peng, ZH Davis, BL McMorrow, D Lu, M TI Optical and photophysical properties of light-harvesting phenylacetylene monodendrons based on unsymmetrical branching SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; ANTENNA SUPERMOLECULES; DENDRIMERS; POLY(PHENYLENEETHYNYLENE); MACROMOLECULES; LUMINESCENCE; ROD AB The optical and photophysical properties of phenylacetylene dendritic macromolecules based on unsymmetrical branching are investigated using steady-state and time-dependent spectroscopy. Monodendrons, up to the fourth generation, are characterized with and without a fluorescent perylene trap at the core. The higher generation monodendrons without the perylene trap exhibit high molar extinction coefficients (>10(5) M-1 cm(-1)) and high fluorescence quantum yields (65-81%), When a perylene trap is placed at the core, then the monodendrons typically exhibit high energy transfer quantum yields (similar to90%), as well as subpicosecond time scale excited-state dynamics, as evidenced by ultrafast pump-probe measurements, The photophysical properties of the unsymmetrical monodendrons are compared to those of phenylacetylene monodendrons with symmetrical branching, which have been described recently. The high fluorescence quantum yields and large energy transfer quantum efficiencies exhibited by the unsymmetrical monodendrons suggest they have potential for applications in molecular-based photonics devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Melinger, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kleiman, Valeria/H-7818-2013 OI Kleiman, Valeria/0000-0002-9975-6558 NR 26 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 9 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 40 BP 12002 EP 12012 DI 10.1021/ja020380j PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 602CE UT WOS:000178487100037 PM 12358547 ER PT J AU Somers, MF McCormack, DA Kroes, GJ Olsen, RA Baerends, EJ Mowrey, RC AF Somers, MF McCormack, DA Kroes, GJ Olsen, RA Baerends, EJ Mowrey, RC TI Signatures of site-specific reaction of H-2 on Cu(100) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID 6-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM DYNAMICS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; AB-INITIO QUANTUM; INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRON-GAS; STATE-SPECIFIC DYNAMICS; DISSOCIATIVE ADSORPTION; ASSOCIATIVE DESORPTION; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; CU(111) SURFACE; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN AB Six-dimensional quantum dynamical calculations are presented for the reaction of (v,j) H-2 on Cu(100), at normal incidence, for v=0-1 and j=0-5. The dynamical calculations employed a potential energy surface computed with density functional theory, using the generalized gradient approximation and a slab representation for the adsorbate-substrate system. The aim of the calculations was to establish signatures from which experiments could determine the dominant reaction site of H-2 on the surface and the dependence of the reaction site on the initial rovibrational state of H-2. Two types of signatures were found. First, we predict that, at energies near threshold, the reaction of (v=1) H-2 is rotationally enhanced, because it takes place at the top site, which has an especially late barrier and a reaction path with a high curvature. On the other hand, we predict the reaction to be almost independent of j for (v=0) H-2, which reacts at the bridge site. Second, we predict that, at collision energies slightly above threshold for which the reaction probabilities of the (v=0) and (v=1) states are comparable, the rotational quadrupole alignment of (v=1) reacting molecules should be larger than that of (v=0) reacting molecules, for j=1, 4, and 5. For (j=2) H-2, the opposite should be true, and for (j=3) H-2, the rotational quadrupole alignment should be approximately equal for (v=1) and (v=0) H-2. These differences can all be explained by the difference in the predicted reaction site for (v=1) and (v=0) H-2 (top and bridge) and by the differences in the anisotropy of the potential at the reaction barrier geometries associated with these sites. Our predictions can be tested in associative desorption experiments, using currently available experimental techniques. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, Gorlaeus Labs, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Free Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. USN, Theoret Chem Sect, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, Gorlaeus Labs, POB 9502, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RI Baerends, Evert Jan/F-7206-2011 OI Baerends, Evert Jan/0000-0002-3045-4906 NR 102 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 8 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 14 BP 6673 EP 6687 DI 10.1063/1.1506141 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 598BW UT WOS:000178256100037 ER PT J AU Ludwig, F Eddy, CR Malis, O Headrick, RL AF Ludwig, F Eddy, CR Malis, O Headrick, RL TI Si(100) surface morphology evolution during normal-incidence sputtering with 100-500 eV Ar+ ions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RIPPLE FORMATION; BOMBARDMENT; ROUGHNESS; DIFFUSION; EROSION AB Grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy have been used to systematically investigate the evolution of Si(100) surface morphology during normal-incidence Ar+ sputtering as a function of ion energy in the range of 100-500 eV. For ion energy ranges of 100-300 eV, two structures with distinct individual length scales and behaviors form on the surface. There is a smaller scale (lateral size of 20-50 nm) morphology that grows in scattering intensity and coarsens with time. There is also a larger scale (lateral size of approximately 100 nm) morphology that grows in scattering intensity but does not coarsen significantly in the time scales studied. At higher energies (400-500 eV), sputtering causes the Si(100) surface to become smoother on length scales smaller than 200 nm. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ludwig@buphy.bu.edu NR 14 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 7 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 15 BP 2770 EP 2772 DI 10.1063/1.1513655 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 599DG UT WOS:000178318400032 ER PT J AU Agassi, D Christen, DK Pennycook, SJ AF Agassi, D Christen, DK Pennycook, SJ TI Flux pinning and critical currents at low-angle grain boundaries in high-temperature superconductors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REDUCED CRITICAL CURRENTS; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; NORMAL-STATE PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; TWIN BOUNDARY; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; TRANSPORT; ORIGIN AB Calculations of the pinning potential at low-angle grain boundaries in high-temperature superconductors are presented which fully incorporate the periodic nature of the low-angle boundary. A nonlocal kernel provides a smooth transition from an Abrikosov vortex far from the boundary to a Josephson vortex near the dislocations. We examine the angular dependence of critical current in the two idealized limits of pure strain and pure band bending. Recent data appear limited by band bending with significant potential for improvement through doping. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Funct Mat Dept, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Agassi, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Funct Mat Dept, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 7 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 15 BP 2803 EP 2805 DI 10.1063/1.1502907 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 599DG UT WOS:000178318400043 ER PT J AU Ravel, B Cross, JO Raphael, MP Harris, VG Ramesh, R Saraf, LV AF Ravel, B Cross, JO Raphael, MP Harris, VG Ramesh, R Saraf, LV TI Atomic disorder in Heusler Co2MnGe measured by anomalous x-ray diffraction SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID XAFS AB Heusler alloys Co2MnX, where X is Ge or Si, are predicted by the band theory to be a half-metallic ferromagnets, i.e., metals with all conduction electrons of the same spin state. To date, Heusler alloys have been measured with spin polarizations of 50%-60%, higher than Fe (similar to40%), but not a true half metal. Structural defects involving site swapping between the Co and Mn sublattices have been proposed as a mechanism to diminish spin polarization. In this work, we present an anomalous x-ray diffraction measurement on Co2MnGe to determine antisite disorder in thin films with a high precision. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ravel, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ravel@phys.washington.edu RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 NR 13 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 7 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 15 BP 2812 EP 2814 DI 10.1063/1.1513216 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 599DG UT WOS:000178318400046 ER PT J AU Biermann, ML Rabinovich, WS AF Biermann, ML Rabinovich, WS TI Double polarization anisotropy in asymmetric, coupled quantum wells under anisotropic, in-plane strain SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SUPERLATTICE ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; INDUCED UNIAXIAL STRAIN; K-P THEORY; SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENT; STRESS; FEMTOSECOND AB A novel coupled-quantum-well system is described in which the inplane, anisotropic strain in successive well layers alternates between compression and tension. A polarization anisotropy in the interband optical matrix elements that arises due to anisotropic strain is reversed between the compressive and tensile cases. Hence, transitions associated with the different well layers have reversed polarization anisotropies. The structure of interest has great flexibility in the energies of successive interband transitions, and in the size of the anisotropy of the various transitions. The structure can be used in describing quantum-well properties, in optical multiplexing, and in devices such as modulators. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Biermann, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM biermann@usna.edu; rabinovich@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 7 PY 2002 VL 10 IS 20 BP 1105 EP 1110 DI 10.1364/OE.10.001105 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 601JK UT WOS:000178442500007 PM 19451968 ER PT J AU Schmidt, PP AF Schmidt, PP TI Harmonic oscillator basis functions and Gaussian model potentials for the analysis of anharmonic vibrations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anharmonic vibrations; Gaussian potential energy functions ID CONSISTENT-FIELD METHOD; ROTATIONAL ENERGY-LEVELS; TRIATOMIC-MOLECULES; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; VARIATIONAL CALCULATION; ROVIBRATIONAL ENERGIES; WATER MOLECULE; FORCE-FIELD; SYSTEMS; APPROXIMATION AB Potential energy surfaces are mapped onto expansions in Gaussian basis functions in order to examine vibrational anharmonicity in molecules; the Gaussian expansions are constructed to take many-body effects into account. Subsequent quantum mechanical analyses using harmonic oscillator basis sets are carried out. The appropriate matrix elements needed for the analyses follow using Talmi transformations and several standard integrals involving harmonic oscillator basis functions. Local anharmonicity can be explored with relatively modest expansions of the potential energy surfaces. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Off Naval Res, Phys Sci Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Off Naval Res, Mat Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Schmidt, PP (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Phys Sci Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD OCT 5 PY 2002 VL 90 IS 1 BP 202 EP 226 DI 10.1002/qua.10046 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 591BR UT WOS:000177860300025 ER PT J AU Darwish, A Roth, CE Duclos, P Ohn, SA Nassar, A Mahoney, F Vogt, R Arthur, RR AF Darwish, A Roth, CE Duclos, P Ohn, SA Nassar, A Mahoney, F Vogt, R Arthur, RR TI Investigation into a cluster of infant deaths following immunization: evidence for methanol intoxication SO VACCINE LA English DT Article ID SKIN AB A cluster of infant deaths due to severe metabolic acidosis following immunization was reported in a prosperous farming village in Egypt. Fears that more deaths might occur, and of a deleterious effect on national immunization programs prompted an urgent investigation by national and international partners. The deaths, and other previously unrecognized illness following immunization, were associated with excessive topical application of methanol. Methanol was employed as an anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory agent following injections. Fear of adverse reactions to vaccine had encouraged increasing use of methanol for these purposes. Local physicians and nurses were unaware of the toxicity of methanol and did not consider it in the differential diagnosis, and thus did not offer appropriate life-saving therapy. The interaction of traditional practices and modem medical interventions can have clinically important consequences, and should be considered when programs are introduced and as they are monitored. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 WHO, Dept Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth & Populat, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth & Populat, Div Prevent Med, Cairo, Egypt. WHO, Dept Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Minist Hlth & Populat, Expanded Programme Immunizat, Cairo, Egypt. RP Roth, CE (reprint author), WHO, Dept Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 4 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 29-30 BP 3585 EP 3589 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00293-1 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00293-1 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 610AT UT WOS:000178939100020 PM 12297405 ER PT J AU Lu, Q Collins, GE Smith, M Wang, J AF Lu, Q Collins, GE Smith, M Wang, J TI Sensitive capillary electrophoresis microchip determination of trinitroaromatic explosives in nonaqueous electrolyte following solid phase extraction SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis; microchip; explosives; solid phase extraction; nonaqueous ID LED ABSORBENCY DETECTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTORS; WATER; ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; SEPARATIONS; COMPLEXES; ATTACK; CHIPS; IONS AB A capillary electrophoresis (CE) microchip is utilized for the sensitive separation and detection of three trinitroaromatic explosives: 1,3,5-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-N-methylnitramine (tetryl), in the presence of 10 other explosives and explosive derivatives in nonaqueous electrolyte (acetonitrile/methanol 87.5/12.5 (v/v), 2.5 mM NaOH, 1 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)). The chemical reaction of bases, e.g. hydroxide or methoxide ions, with trinitroaromatic compounds forms red colored derivatives that can be easily detected using a green light emitting diode (LED) on the microchip. Two surfactants bearing opposite charge, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and SDS are compared with respect to their effect on separation times, detection limits and resolving powers for separating these explosives. All microchip separations were achieved in <20 s. In the absence of solid phase extraction (SPE), the detection limits obtained for the trinitroaromatic explosives were as follows: TNB, 60 mug/l; TNT, 160 mug/l and tetryl, 200 mug/l. By coupling the microchip separation with ex situ SPE, the detection limits for detecting these three explosives in seawater were lowered by 240 to more than 1000 times: TNB, 0.25 mug/l; TNT, 0.34 mug/l and tetryl, 0. 19 mug/l. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Dept Navy, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Dept Navy, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6116, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011 NR 28 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD OCT 3 PY 2002 VL 469 IS 2 BP 253 EP 260 AR PII s0003-2670(02)00662-1 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00662-1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 598BP UT WOS:000178255500012 ER PT J AU Higginson, KA Kuno, M Bonevich, J Qadri, SB Yousuf, M Mattoussi, H AF Higginson, KA Kuno, M Bonevich, J Qadri, SB Yousuf, M Mattoussi, H TI Synthesis and characterization of colloidal beta-HgS quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID NANOCRYSTALS AB High-quality colloidal mercury sulfide quantum dots (QDs) are synthesized at room temperature using a strategy combining the effects of strongly binding Hg(II) ligands and metal/chalcogen precursor phase separation. This combination prevents both the rapid precipitation of bulk HgS in preparations involving only weak Hg(II) ligands and the reduction of mercury that takes place when only strongly binding ligands are used to slow the growth kinetics. Both the linear absorption and complementary band edge emission of the synthesized HgS QDs exhibit narrow, size-dependent transitions between 500 and 800 rim for sizes ranging from 1 to 5 nm in diameter. The metastable zinc blende phase of HgS is verified by wide-angle X-ray diffraction experiments and suggests potentially large tunable band edges if larger HgS nanocrystals that approach the bulk (zero energy) gap can be made. Growth of HgS QDs can be arrested by subsequent addition of Cd or Zn to the surface, after which the QDs can be stabilized with long-chain thiols or amines. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NISt Met Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kuno, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kuno, Masaru/K-2673-2012 NR 20 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 3 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 39 BP 9982 EP 9985 DI 10.1021/jp026232x PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 598JV UT WOS:000178273500003 ER PT J AU Gardner, MJ Hall, N Fung, E White, O Berriman, M Hyman, RW Carlton, JM Pain, A Nelson, KE Bowman, S Paulsen, IT James, K Eisen, JA Rutherford, K Salzberg, SL Craig, A Kyes, S Chan, MS Nene, V Shallom, SJ Suh, B Peterson, J Angiuoli, S Pertea, M Allen, J Selengut, J Haft, D Mather, MW Vaidya, AB Martin, DMA Fairlamb, AH Fraunholz, MJ Roos, DS Ralph, SA McFadden, GI Cummings, LM Subramanian, GM Mungall, C Venter, JC Carucci, DJ Hoffman, SL Newbold, C Davis, RW Fraser, CM Barrell, B AF Gardner, MJ Hall, N Fung, E White, O Berriman, M Hyman, RW Carlton, JM Pain, A Nelson, KE Bowman, S Paulsen, IT James, K Eisen, JA Rutherford, K Salzberg, SL Craig, A Kyes, S Chan, MS Nene, V Shallom, SJ Suh, B Peterson, J Angiuoli, S Pertea, M Allen, J Selengut, J Haft, D Mather, MW Vaidya, AB Martin, DMA Fairlamb, AH Fraunholz, MJ Roos, DS Ralph, SA McFadden, GI Cummings, LM Subramanian, GM Mungall, C Venter, JC Carucci, DJ Hoffman, SL Newbold, C Davis, RW Fraser, CM Barrell, B TI Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum SO NATURE LA English DT Review ID RED-CELL SURFACE; DNA-REPAIR GENES; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; APICOMPLEXAN PARASITES; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; SHIKIMATE PATHWAY; DRUG TARGET; RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION AB The parasite Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for hundreds of millions of cases of malaria, and kills more than one million African children annually. Here we report an analysis of the genome sequence of P. falciparum clone 3D7. The 23-megabase nuclear genome consists of 14 chromosomes, encodes about 5,300 genes, and is the most (A + T)-rich genome sequenced to date. Genes involved in antigenic variation are concentrated in the subtelomeric regions of the chromosomes. Compared to the genomes of free-living eukaryotic microbes, the genome of this intracellular parasite encodes fewer enzymes and transporters, but a large proportion of genes are devoted to immune evasion and host-parasite interactions. Many nuclear-encoded proteins are targeted to the apicoplast, an organelle involved in fatty-acid and isoprenoid metabolism. The genome sequence provides the foundation for future studies of this organism, and is being exploited in the search for new drugs and vaccines to fight malaria. C1 Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Wellcome Trust Genome, Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Weatherall Inst Mol Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Philadelphia, PA 19129 USA. Univ Dundee, Wellcome Trust Bioctr, Sch Life Sci, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland. Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Genom Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Plant Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Celera Genom, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Advancement Genom, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gardner, MJ (reprint author), Inst Genom Res, 9712 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI Fairlamb, Alan/A-5272-2009; Berriman, Matthew/A-7618-2011; Martin, David/C-2984-2009; Paulsen, Ian/K-3832-2012; Hall, Neil/A-8717-2013; McFadden, Geoffrey McFadden/F-7667-2014; Angiuoli, Samuel/H-7340-2014; Pain, Arnab/L-5766-2015; Salzberg, Steven/F-6162-2011; OI Newbold, Chris/0000-0002-9274-3789; Fraser, Claire/0000-0003-1462-2428; Hall, Neil/0000-0003-2808-0009; Eisen, Jonathan A./0000-0002-0159-2197; Fraunholz, Martin/0000-0002-4581-6244; Rutherford, Kim/0000-0001-6277-726X; Fairlamb, Alan/0000-0001-5134-0329; Paulsen, Ian/0000-0001-9015-9418; Hall, Neil/0000-0002-7995-3810; Pain, Arnab/0000-0002-1755-2819; Salzberg, Steven/0000-0002-8859-7432; Martin, David/0000-0002-8732-204X; Angiuoli, Samuel/0000-0001-9525-4350; Craig, Alister/0000-0003-0914-6164 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI028398, U01 AI042243]; Wellcome Trust [061524] NR 165 TC 2574 Z9 2822 U1 45 U2 310 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 3 PY 2002 VL 419 IS 6906 BP 498 EP 511 DI 10.1038/nature01097 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 599RF UT WOS:000178348400045 PM 12368864 ER PT J AU Carlton, JM Angiuoli, SV Suh, BB Kooij, TW Pertea, M Silva, JC Ermolaeva, MD Allen, JE Selengut, JD Koo, HL Peterson, JD Pop, M Kosack, DS Shumway, MF Bidwell, SL Shallom, SJ van Aken, SE Riedmuller, SB Feldblyum, TV Cho, JK Quackenbush, J Sedegah, M Shoaibi, A Cummings, LM Florens, L Yates, JR Raine, JD Sinden, RE Harris, MA Cunningham, DA Preiser, PR Bergman, LW Vaidya, AB Van Lin, LH Janse, CJ Waters, AP Smith, HO White, OR Salzberg, SL Venter, JC Fraser, CM Hoffman, SL Gardner, MJ Carucci, DJ AF Carlton, JM Angiuoli, SV Suh, BB Kooij, TW Pertea, M Silva, JC Ermolaeva, MD Allen, JE Selengut, JD Koo, HL Peterson, JD Pop, M Kosack, DS Shumway, MF Bidwell, SL Shallom, SJ van Aken, SE Riedmuller, SB Feldblyum, TV Cho, JK Quackenbush, J Sedegah, M Shoaibi, A Cummings, LM Florens, L Yates, JR Raine, JD Sinden, RE Harris, MA Cunningham, DA Preiser, PR Bergman, LW Vaidya, AB Van Lin, LH Janse, CJ Waters, AP Smith, HO White, OR Salzberg, SL Venter, JC Fraser, CM Hoffman, SL Gardner, MJ Carucci, DJ TI Genome sequence and comparative analysis of the model rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii yoelii SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION MAP; PROTEIN FAMILY; MARKOV-MODELS; BLOOD STAGES; FALCIPARUM; BERGHEI; GENES; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; CHABAUDI AB Species of malaria parasite that infect rodents have long been used as models for malaria disease research. Here we report the whole-genome shotgun sequence of one species, Plasmodium yoelii yoelii, and comparative studies with the genome of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum clone 3D7. A synteny map of 2,212 P. y. yoelii contiguous DNA sequences (contigs) aligned to 14 P. falciparum chromosomes reveals marked conservation of gene synteny within the body of each chromosome. Of about 5,300 P. falciparum genes, more than 3,300 P. y. yoelii orthologues of predominantly metabolic function were identified. Over 800 copies of a variant antigen gene located in subtelomeric regions were found. This is the first genome sequence of a model eukaryotic parasite, and it provides insight into the use of such systems in the modelling of Plasmodium biology and disease. C1 Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Ctr Advancement Genom, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Leiden Univ, Dept Parasitol, Med Ctr, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Infect & Immun Sect, Dept Biol Sci, London SW7 2AZ, England. Celara Genom, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Natl Inst Med Res, Div Parasitol, London NW7 1AA, England. Drexel Univ, Div Mol Parasitol, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Coll Med, Philadelphia, PA 19129 USA. RP Carlton, JM (reprint author), Inst Genom Res, 9712 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI Preiser, Peter /A-2201-2011; Waters, Andy/C-9377-2009; Angiuoli, Samuel/H-7340-2014; Kooij, Taco/L-5623-2015; Salzberg, Steven/F-6162-2011; Pop, Mihai/A-7987-2013; OI Waters, Andy/0000-0001-8900-2982; Kooij, Taco/0000-0002-8547-7523; Salzberg, Steven/0000-0002-8859-7432; Pop, Mihai/0000-0001-9617-5304; Angiuoli, Samuel/0000-0001-9525-4350; Fraser, Claire/0000-0003-1462-2428; , Peter/0000-0003-4331-7000; Florens, Laurence/0000-0002-9310-6650 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI028398] NR 62 TC 531 Z9 590 U1 2 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 3 PY 2002 VL 419 IS 6906 BP 512 EP 519 DI 10.1038/nature01099 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 599RF UT WOS:000178348400046 PM 12368865 ER PT J AU Florens, L Washburn, MP Raine, JD Anthony, RM Grainger, M Haynes, JD Moch, JK Muster, N Sacci, JB Tabb, DL Witney, AA Wolters, D Wu, YM Gardner, MJ Holder, AA Sinden, RE Yates, JR Carucci, DJ AF Florens, L Washburn, MP Raine, JD Anthony, RM Grainger, M Haynes, JD Moch, JK Muster, N Sacci, JB Tabb, DL Witney, AA Wolters, D Wu, YM Gardner, MJ Holder, AA Sinden, RE Yates, JR Carucci, DJ TI A proteomic view of the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MALARIA PARASITE; GENE-EXPRESSION; CHROMOSOMAL DOMAINS; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; PROTEINS; STAGE; MOSQUITO; TRANSCRIPTOME; ERYTHROCYTES AB The completion of the Plasmodium falciparum clone 3D7 genome provides a basis on which to conduct comparative proteomics studies of this human pathogen. Here, we applied a high-throughput proteomics approach to identify new potential drug and vaccine targets and to better understand the biology of this complex protozoan parasite. We characterized four stages of the parasite life cycle (sporozoites, merozoites, trophozoites and gametocytes) by multidimensional protein identification technology. Functional profiling of over 2,400 proteins agreed with the physiology of each stage. Unexpectedly, the antigenically variant proteins of var and rif genes, defined as molecules on the surface of infected erythrocytes, were also largely expressed in sporozoites. The detection of chromosomal clusters encoding co-expressed proteins suggested a potential mechanism for controlling gene expression. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Syngenta Res & Technol, Dept Proteom & Metabolom, Torrey Mesa Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Infect & Immun Sect, Dept Biol Sci, London SW7 2AZ, England. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Natl Inst Med Res, Div Parasitol, London NW7 1AA, England. Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Amer Type Culture Collect, Malaria Res & Reference Resource Ctr, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Yates, JR (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, SR-11,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jyates@scripps.edu RI Holder, Anthony/A-7554-2013; Pain, Arnab/L-5766-2015; OI Holder, Anthony/0000-0002-8490-6058; Pain, Arnab/0000-0002-1755-2819; Florens, Laurence/0000-0002-9310-6650; Witney, Adam/0000-0003-4561-7170; Washburn, Michael/0000-0001-7568-2585 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U117532067] NR 45 TC 845 Z9 881 U1 20 U2 139 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 3 PY 2002 VL 419 IS 6906 BP 520 EP 526 DI 10.1038/nature01107 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 599RF UT WOS:000178348400047 PM 12368866 ER PT J AU Gardner, MJ Shallom, SJ Carlton, JM Salzberg, SL Nene, V Shoaibi, A Ciecko, A Lynn, J Rizzo, M Weaver, B Jarrahi, B Brenner, M Parvizi, B Tallon, L Moazzez, A Granger, D Fujii, C Hansen, C Pederson, J Feldblyum, T Peterson, J Suh, B Angiuoli, S Pertea, M Allen, J Selengut, J White, O Cummings, LM Smith, HO Adams, MD Venter, JC Carucci, DJ Hoffman, SL Fraser, CM AF Gardner, MJ Shallom, SJ Carlton, JM Salzberg, SL Nene, V Shoaibi, A Ciecko, A Lynn, J Rizzo, M Weaver, B Jarrahi, B Brenner, M Parvizi, B Tallon, L Moazzez, A Granger, D Fujii, C Hansen, C Pederson, J Feldblyum, T Peterson, J Suh, B Angiuoli, S Pertea, M Allen, J Selengut, J White, O Cummings, LM Smith, HO Adams, MD Venter, JC Carucci, DJ Hoffman, SL Fraser, CM TI Sequence of Plasmodium falciparum chromosomes 2, 10, 11 and 14 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PROTEINS; RESOURCE; GENOME; SITES; MAP AB The mosquito-borne malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum kills an estimated 0.7-2.7 million people every year, primarily children in sub-Saharan Africa. Without effective interventions, a variety of factors-including the spread of parasites resistant to antimalarial drugs and the increasing insecticide resistance of mosquitoes-may cause the number of malaria cases to double over the next two decades(1). To stimulate basic research and facilitate the development of new drugs and vaccines, the genome of Plasmodium falciparum clone 3D7 has been sequenced using a chromosome- by-chromosome shotgun strategy(2-4). We report here the nucleotide sequences of chromosomes 10, 11 and 14, and a re-analysis of the chromosome 2 sequence(5). These chromosomes represent about 35% of the 23-megabase P. falciparum genome. C1 Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gardner, MJ (reprint author), Inst Genom Res, 9712 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI Angiuoli, Samuel/H-7340-2014; Salzberg, Steven/F-6162-2011; OI Salzberg, Steven/0000-0002-8859-7432; Angiuoli, Samuel/0000-0001-9525-4350; Fraser, Claire/0000-0003-1462-2428 NR 30 TC 122 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 3 PY 2002 VL 419 IS 6906 BP 531 EP 534 DI 10.1038/nature01094 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 599RF UT WOS:000178348400049 PM 12368868 ER PT J AU Liu, XX Deschamp, JR Cook, JM AF Liu, XX Deschamp, JR Cook, JM TI Regiospecific, enantiospecific total synthesis of the alkoxy-substituted indole bases, 16-epi-N-a-methylgardneral, 11-methoxyaffinisine, and 11-methoxymacroline as well as the indole alkaloids alstophylline and macralstonine SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-APPROACH; ALSTONIA-ANGUSTIFOLIA; HETEROANNULATION AB [GRAPHICS] A regiospecific, enantiospecific approach to the synthesis of ring-A-substituted indole alkaloids was developed via a doubly convergent strategy. The asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction and enolate-driven palladium cross-coupling processes were both executed in stereospecific fashion and served as the stereochemical basis of this approach. The synthesis of 16-epi-N-a-methylgardneral (15), 11-methoxyaffinisine (16), and 11-methoxymacroline (22) has been accomplished in high yield and in enantiospecific fashion. Moreover, the key C-19 ketosarpagine system (borane adducts) 19a,b employed for the construction of 11-methoxymacroline (22) was also transformed into alstophylline 25, which resulted in completion of the total synthesis of the bisindole macralstonine (1). C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, XX (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. NR 23 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD OCT 3 PY 2002 VL 4 IS 20 BP 3339 EP 3342 DI 10.1021/ol020101x PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 599HF UT WOS:000178327500001 PM 12323013 ER PT J AU O'Malley, GF Dolan, TA AF O'Malley, GF Dolan, TA TI Clinicopathological conference: Abducens nerve palsy and weakness in an attorney SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SAEM Annual Meeting CY MAY, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP SAEM DE abducens nerve palsy; weakness; diagnosis; syringomyelia; neurology; cranial nerve palsy; thyroid disease ID INJURY C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA 23078 USA. George Washington Univ Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Washington, DC USA. RP O'Malley, GF (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Emergency Med, 620 John Paul Blvd, Portsmouth, VA 23078 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 9 IS 10 BP 1014 EP 1020 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 600XE UT WOS:000178416400008 PM 12359539 ER PT J AU Doerr, KH Mitchell, TR Schriesheim, CA Freed, T Zhou, XH AF Doerr, KH Mitchell, TR Schriesheim, CA Freed, T Zhou, XH TI Heterogeneity and variability in the context of flow lines SO ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article ID JOB DESIGN; ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXTS; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; TASK INTERDEPENDENCE; EMPLOYEE REACTIONS; ASSEMBLY SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE; MOTIVATION; COMPENSATION; PRODUCTIVITY AB We propose a model in which between-individual differences in performance (heterogeneity) and within-individual differences in performance over time (variability) affect flow line performance. The impact of heterogeneity and variability is contingent upon the flow line context, particularly the rules governing the way work moves between employees (work flow policy). We show how subtle changes in this policy can have a motivational effect on heterogeneity and variability and how these, in turn, can impact the relationship between work flow policy and flow line performance. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Doerr, KH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. OI Doerr, Kenneth/0000-0002-7763-7304 NR 69 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACAD MANAGEMENT PI BRIARCLIFF MANOR PA PACE UNIV, PO BOX 3020, 235 ELM RD, BRIARCLIFF MANOR, NY 10510-8020 USA SN 0363-7425 J9 ACAD MANAGE REV JI Acad. Manage. Rev. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 27 IS 4 BP 594 EP 607 DI 10.2307/4134405 PG 14 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 603EV UT WOS:000178546600009 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR Hartshorn, CM Chang, EL AF Deschamps, JR Hartshorn, CM Chang, EL TI Bis[mu-bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphato-kappa O-2 : O]bis[(4,4 '-dimethyl-2,2 '-bipyridine)nitratocopper(II)] SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX; HYDROLYSIS; POLYMERS AB The title dimeric complex, [Cu-2(L)(2) (BNPP)(2) (NO3)(2)], is formed between 4,4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine (L, C12H12N2), copper(II), and the substrate BNPP [bis-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate, C12H8N2O8P], with the two subunits, [Cu(L)(BNPP)NO3)] related by a center of inversion. The coordination geometry about the Cu atoms is square pyramidal, with phosphate O atoms occupying both an in-plane and an out-of-plane sites. While the dimeric scheme is similar to other five-coordinate copper(II) complexes of bipyridine, the alternating in-plane and out-of-plane bridging of the copper(II) centers by BNPP is unusual. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD OCT PY 2002 VL 58 BP M606 EP M608 DI 10.1107/S1600536802017671 PN 10 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 598QU UT WOS:000178288700045 ER PT J AU George, C Deschamps, JR Purdy, AP AF George, C Deschamps, JR Purdy, AP TI Dihydronium 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The title compound, H5O2+.C6H4NO5S-, crystallized slowly over a period of several years. It is stable and the dihydronium cation is well determined; all of the H-atom positions in the cation were refined. The strong hydrogen bond between the O atoms is nearly linear, with the H atom near the midpoint of the two O atoms. The refined O-H distances are 1.15 (2) and 1.27 (2) Angstrom, respectively. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP George, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD OCT PY 2002 VL 58 BP O1128 EP O1129 DI 10.1107/S1600536802016914 PN 10 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 598QU UT WOS:000178288700079 ER PT J AU Huang, R Yin, H Liang, J Sturm, JC Hobart, KD Suo, Z AF Huang, R Yin, H Liang, J Sturm, JC Hobart, KD Suo, Z TI Mechanics of relaxing SiGe islands on a viscous glass SO ACTA MECHANICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE semiconductor fabrication; stress relaxation; viscous flow; elastic plate; fracture ID STRESS DIFFUSION; PLATE BOUNDARIES; THIN-FILMS; MOBILITY; POLYMER; FABRICATION; SUBSTRATE; LAYERS; GROWTH; ALLOY AB A process has been developed recently to fabricate a structure comprising, from top to bottom, a SiGe thin film, a glass layer, and a Si wafer. The SiGe film is a perfect crystal, and is under biaxial compression. The SiGe film is patterned into islands. On annealing, the glass flows and the islands relax. The resulting strain-free islands are used as substrates, to grow epitaxial optoelectronic devices. This article describes a series of studies on the annealing process, combining experiment and theory. A small island relaxes by expansion, starting at the edges and diffusing to the center. A large island wrinkles before the expansion reaches the center. After some time, the wrinkles either disappear, or cause the island to fracture. We model the island as an,elastic plate, and the glass layer as a viscous liquid. The strains in the islands are measured by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, and the wrinkle amplitudes by atomic force microscope. The data are compared with the theoretical predictions. We determine the conditions under which the islands relax by expansion without significant wrinkling, and demonstrate that a cap layer suppresses wrinkles, relaxing a large island crack-free. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Ctr Photon & Optoelect Mat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Huang, R (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Suo, Zhigang/B-1067-2008; Huang, Rui/B-1627-2008 OI Suo, Zhigang/0000-0002-4068-4844; Huang, Rui/0000-0003-0328-3862 NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU CHINESE JOURNAL MECHANICS PRESS PI BEIJING PA 15 ZHONG-GUAN-CUN ST, BEIJING 100080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0567-7718 J9 ACTA MECH SINICA JI Acta Mech. Sin. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 18 IS 5 BP 441 EP 456 DI 10.1007/BF02486570 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 611KD UT WOS:000179015400002 ER PT J AU Boast, DL Kaplan, KJ Henry, MR AF Boast, DL Kaplan, KJ Henry, MR TI Effects of pregnancy on cervical dysplasia: Risks of progression and management implications. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ASCP/CAP Fall National Meeting CY OCT 12, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP ASCP, CAP C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 118 IS 4 MA 61 BP 637 EP 637 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 598XT UT WOS:000178302500081 ER PT J AU Tanen, DA Trocinski, DR AF Tanen, DA Trocinski, DR TI The use of pulse oximetry to exclude pneumonia in children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pulse oximetry; pneumonia; chest radiography ID PREDICTORS; MANAGEMENT; HYPOXEMIA; EMERGENCY; SIGNS AB The objective of this study was to determine whether pulse oximetry alone or in conjunction with the clinical examination is predictive of pneumonia in children who present to the emergency department with respiratory complaints. A retrospective comparison of children with radiographic pneumonia with children with respiratory complaints and negative chest radiography was used. The study took place in an emergency department of a large academic, tertiary care hospital. All children less than 24 months of age who presented with a respiratory complaint and underwent chest radiography during a 1-year period were included. Charts of children with radiographic pneumonia were compared with charts of children without pneumonia, retrospectively. Data abstracted onto data collection forms included: pulse oximetry measurement, vital signs, general appearance, lung examination, and final radiology interpretation of chest radiographs. Pneumonia was defined as a chest radiograph showing any opacity consistent with pneumonia as read by a board-prepared or -certified radiologist. A total of 803 children qualified for the study. Radiograph interpretations were available for 762, and 10.5% were found to have radiographic pneumonia. The median pulse oximetry reading of children with radiographic pneumonia was 97% (interquartile range 95th-98th percentile) compared with 98% (interquartile range 96th-99th percentile) in the control group. Forty-five percent (35 of 78) of the children with radiographic pneumonia showed oxygen saturations of 98% or higher with greater than 10% (8 of 78) displaying oxygen saturations of 100%. By using logistic regression, pulse oximetry was not found to be a statistically significant predictive variable for radiographic pneumonia. Pulse oximetry could not be used to rule out the presence of radiographic pneumonia in children less than 2 years of age who presented with respiratory complaints. (Am J Emerg Med 2002; 20:521-523. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use.) C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Tanen, DA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 521 EP 523 DI 10.1053/ajem.2002.34794 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 603HU UT WOS:000178553900007 PM 12369025 ER PT J AU Bowcock, AM Helms, C Hsu, TM Daw, J Cao, K Fernandez-Vina, MA Menter, A Rice, JP Kwok, PY Saccone, NL AF Bowcock, AM Helms, C Hsu, TM Daw, J Cao, K Fernandez-Vina, MA Menter, A Rice, JP Kwok, PY Saccone, NL TI HLA-Cw*0602 as the primary risk factor for psoriasis accounts for all other observations of association with psoriasis in the HLA class I region. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY OCT 15-19, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Soc Human Genet, NICHHD, NCI, NIMH, Affymetrix Inc, Gentra Syst, NIDCD C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. Georgetown Univ, USN, Med Res Ctr, Kensington, MD USA. Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RI menter md, alan/A-8250-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 71 IS 4 SU S MA 1688 BP 458 EP 458 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 594AC UT WOS:000178025801689 ER PT J AU Owusu-Agyei, S Fryauff, DJ Chandramohan, D Koram, KA Binka, FN Nkrumah, FK Utz, GC Hoffman, SL AF Owusu-Agyei, S Fryauff, DJ Chandramohan, D Koram, KA Binka, FN Nkrumah, FK Utz, GC Hoffman, SL TI Characteristics of severe anemia and its association with malaria in young children of the Kassena-Nankana District of northern Ghana SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; IMPREGNATED BEDNETS; TANZANIAN INFANTS; MORTALITY; TRANSMISSION; HEMOGLOBIN; MORBIDITY; PATTERNS; IMPACT AB Severe anemia is thought to be the principal underlying cause of malaria death in areas of intense seasonal malaria transmission such as the Kassena-Nankana District of northern Ghana. Factors associated with severe anemia in young children, 6-24 months old, were elucidated by analyzing results of 2 malaria-associated anemia surveys (1996, 2000), separated by 4 years, but conducted in the same community and at the same seasonal time point. Age-adjusted comparison confirmed that the proportion of severely anemic children and overall mean hemoglobin (Hb) levels in the November 2000 sample were significantly improved over those of the 1996 sample (17.5 versus 26.4%, P = 0.03; Hb 7.5 versus 6.9 g/dL, P = 0.002). Weight-for-age Z-scores also indicated a significant improvement in the 2000 sample (-1.93 versus -2.20, P < 0.05). Independently, each survey identified statistically significant associations between severe anemia and age, parasite rate, fever, and sex. Relative to children with Hb greater than or equal to 6.0 g/dL, those with severe anemia (Hb < 6.0 g/dL) were older, more frequently parasitemic (odds ratio [OR], 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-2.35), more often febrile (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.71-3.48), and predominantly male (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.05-2.13). An association was identified in both surveys between severe anemia and residence in the northern part of the district, but no clear link was observed in relation to irrigation. Blood transfusions, a likely surrogate index of severe anemia in young children, followed a distinct seasonal pattern. Evidence suggests that dramatic peaks and troughs of severe anemia are regular and possibly predictable events that may be used to gauge the health and survival of young children in this area. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Minist Hlth, Navrongo Hlth Res Ctr, Navrongo, Ghana. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Accra, Ghana. Univ Ghana, Sch Publ Hlth, Accra, Ghana. Celera Genom, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Fryauff, DJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 67 IS 4 BP 371 EP 377 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 613EP UT WOS:000179119400008 PM 12452491 ER PT J AU Hart, SJ Jiji, RD AF Hart, SJ Jiji, RD TI A simple, low-cost, remote fiber-optic micro volume fluorescence flowcell for capillary flow-injection analysis SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE capillary flow injection analysis; flowcell; laser induced fluorescence; fiber optics; blue and UV light emitting diode (LED) microfluidics; BSA; fluorescein ID DESIGN; CELL AB A small volume flowcell for fluorescence detection in capillary flow injection (CFI) analysis has been created by using a low cost, commercially available fluidic device. Fluorescence detection is achieved using an optical fiber to deliver excitation light to the sample flowing through the device and another optical fiber to collect fluorescence emission. The flowcell is a standard fluidic cross with a swept volume of 721 nL. Optical fibers were oriented at right angles using standard sleeves and ferrules to set their position near the cross intersection. Multiple excitation sources were used including a low power UV laser and blue and UV light emitting diodes (LED). The full emission spectrum detection limits, using the laser, for fluorescein and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were 0.30 ppb and 2.1x10(-4)% (w/w), respectively. Two fluidic crosses were used in series for multi-wavelength fluorescence excitation using fiber-optically coupled LED. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Biol Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hart, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Biol Chem Sect, Code 6113,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI JiJi, Renee/0000-0003-0399-4648 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 374 IS 3 BP 385 EP 389 DI 10.1007/s00216-002-1525-2 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 610QG UT WOS:000178971300005 PM 12373382 ER PT J AU Maguire, JD Lacy, MD Sururi Sismadi, P Krisin Wiady, I Laksana, B Bangs, MJ Masbar, S Susanti, I Basuki, W Barcus, MJ Marwoto, H Edstein, MD Tjokrosonto, S Baird, JK AF Maguire, JD Lacy, MD Sururi Sismadi, P Krisin Wiady, I Laksana, B Bangs, MJ Masbar, S Susanti, I Basuki, W Barcus, MJ Marwoto, H Edstein, MD Tjokrosonto, S Baird, JK TI Chloroquine or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated, Plasmodium falciparum malaria during an epidemic in Central Java, Indonesia SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VIVO; IRIAN-JAYA; RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; PARASITES; DIAGNOSIS; PCR AB A recent malaria epidemic in the Menoreh Hills of Central Java has increased concern about the re-emergence of endemic malaria on Java, which threatens the island's 120 million residents. A 28-day, in-vivo test of the efficacy of treatment of malaria with antimalarial drugs was conducted among 16 7 villagers in the Menoreh Hills. The treatments investigated, chloroquine (CQ) and sulfadoxine pyrimethamine (SP), constitute, respectively, the first- and second-line treatments for uncomplicated malaria in Indonesia. The prevalence of malaria among 1389 residents screened prior to enrollment was 33%. Treatment outcomes were assessed by microscopical diagnoses, PCR-based confirmation of the diagnoses, measurement of the whole-blood concentrations of CQ and desethylchloroquine (DCQ), and identification of the Plasmodium falciparum genotypes. The 28-day cumulative incidences of therapeutic failure for CQ and SP were, respectively, 47% (N = 36) and 22% (N = 50) in the treatment of P. falciparum, and 18% (N = 77) and 67% (N = 6) in the treatment of P. vivax. Chloroquine was thus an ineffective therapy for P. falciparum malaria, and the presence of CQ-resistant P. vivax and SP-resistant P. falciparum will further compromise efforts to control resurgent malaria on Java. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, NAMRU 2, FPO, AP 96520 USA. Flagstaff Med Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Purworejo Dist Hlth Serv DINKES, Purworejo 54114, Cent Java, Indonesia. Minist Hlth, Inst Hlth Res & Dev, LITBANGKES, Jakarta 10570, Indonesia. Australian Army Malaria Inst, Enoggera, Qld 4052, Australia. Gadjah Mada Univ, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. RP Maguire, JD (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, NAMRU 2, US Embassy Jakarta,Unit 8132, FPO, AP 96520 USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 96 IS 7 BP 655 EP 668 DI 10.1179/000349802125002310 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 621FF UT WOS:000179577300002 PM 12537627 ER PT J AU Seely, JF AF Seely, JF TI Extreme-ultraviolet thin-film interference in an Al-Mg-Al multiple-layer transmission filter SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON PHOTODIODE; PERFORMANCE AB Thin-film interference has been observed in the transmittance of a filter consisting of 263.5-nm-thick magnesium with a 32.2-nm-thick aluminum layer on each side. The transmittance, measured by synchrotron radiation, has an oscillatory behavior in the 25-70-nm wavelength range. On the basis of the calculation of the transmittance, the oscillatory behavior results from interference associated with the relatively transmissive magnesium and aluminum layers and the reflection from the oxidized aluminum surface layers. The bandpass performance of magnesium and aluminum layers deposited on a silicon photodiode detector is presented. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7674,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 28 BP 5979 EP 5983 DI 10.1364/AO.41.005979 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 598TP UT WOS:000178292800022 PM 12371559 ER PT J AU Sekiya, JK Jacobson, JA Wojtys, EM AF Sekiya, JK Jacobson, JA Wojtys, EM TI Sonographic imaging of the posterolateral structures of the knee: Findings in human cadavers SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE posterolateral; ultrasound; popliteofibular; popliteus; lateral collateral ligament; sonography ID POPLITEOFIBULAR LIGAMENT; BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS; INJURIES; INSTABILITY; DEFICIENCY; ULTRASOUND; CARTILAGE; STABILITY; ANTERIOR AB Purpose: To evaluate and characterize the use of sonography in imaging the posterolateral structures of the knee in human cadavers. Type of Study: In vitro laboratory investigation using human cadavers and sonography. Methods: Three cadaver knees were dissected to expose the posterolateral corner with the skin and subcutaneous tissue removed. The iliotibial band, biceps femoris muscle and tendon, lateral gastrocnemius tendon, the lateral collateral ligament, the popliteus tendon, the popliteofibular ligament, the arcuate ligament, and the fabellofibular ligament (when present) were identified. Following the soft tissue dissection, sonography was performed to characterize these structures. The technique was refined using this "open" examination method as anatomical and structural detail was noted. After adequate familiarization with this technique, researchers performed sonography on 2 pairs of thawed fresh-frozen cadaver knees, I pair with a fabella and I pair without a fabella. After sonographic examination of all of the posterolateral structures, the knees were dissected and the structures previously identified by sonography were verified. Results: In all 4 cadaver specimens, all posterolateral structures were identified based on their imaging characteristics and surrounding bony and soft tissue landmarks. We also present dissection photographs and sonographic images depicting our study findings. Conclusions: Sonographic imaging may provide the clinician with valuable information regarding the posterolateral structures of the knee. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the sonographic findings of these structures. This technique may assist the physician evaluating these injuries and help in preoperative planning for repair or reconstructive procedures. Further research is needed to determine the accuracy of sonography in identifying injured posterolateral corner knee structures in vivo. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Radiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), USN, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Med Ctr Portsmouth, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. OI Jacobson, Jon/0000-0002-3676-6628 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD OCT PY 2002 VL 18 IS 8 BP 872 EP 881 DI 10.1053/jars.2002.32845 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 600GF UT WOS:000178381700010 PM 12368785 ER PT J AU Horch, EP Robinson, SE Ninkov, Z van Altena, WF Meyer, RD Urban, SE Mason, BD AF Horch, EP Robinson, SE Ninkov, Z van Altena, WF Meyer, RD Urban, SE Mason, BD TI Speckle observations of binary stars with the WIYN telescope. III. A partial survey of A, F, and G dwarfs SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; binaries : visual; techniques : interferometric ID DUPLICITY SURVEY; BRIGHT STARS; MULTIPLICITY; TAURUS; HYADES AB Two hundred thirty nearby main-sequence stars with spectral types in the range of A to G have been observed by way of speckle interferometry using the WIYN 3.5 m telescope at Kitt Peak, Arizona. The stars had no previous mention of duplicity in the literature. Of those observed, 14 showed clear evidence of a companion, and 63 were classified as suspected nonsingle based on a power spectrum analysis. The remaining stars discussed show no evidence of duplicity to the limit of the detection system in high-quality observations. C1 Rochester Inst Technol, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Horch, EP (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, 285 Old Westport Rd, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 2245 EP 2253 DI 10.1086/342543 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 596BF UT WOS:000178143400035 ER PT J AU Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Urban, SE Wycoff, GL Pascu, D Hall, DM Hennessy, GS Platais, I Rafferty, TJ Holdenried, ER AF Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Urban, SE Wycoff, GL Pascu, D Hall, DM Hennessy, GS Platais, I Rafferty, TJ Holdenried, ER TI Speckle interferometry at the US Naval Observatory. VIII. SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; binaries : visual; techniques : interferometric ID BINARY STAR ORBITS; VISUAL DOUBLE STARS; PROBLEM HIPPARCOS BINARIES; MULTIPLE SYSTEM; TYCHO-2 CATALOG; ELEMENTS; MASSES; PAIRS AB The results of 2044 speckle interferometric observations of double stars, made with the 26 inch (66 cm) refractor of the US Naval Observatory, are presented. Each speckle interferometric observation of a system represents a combination of over a thousand short-exposure images. These observations are averaged into 1399 mean positions and range in separation from 0."16 to 14."97, with a mean separation of 2."51. This is the eighth in a series of papers presenting measures obtained with this system and covers the period 2001 March 18 through 2001 December 30. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 98 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 2254 EP 2272 DI 10.1086/342545 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 596BF UT WOS:000178143400036 ER PT J AU Castro-Tirado, AJ Ceron, JMC Gorosabel, J Pata, P Soldan, J Hudec, R Jelinek, M Topinka, M Bernas, M Sanguino, TJM Postigo, AD Berna, JA Henden, A Vrba, F Canzian, B Harris, H Delfosse, X de Pontieu, B Polcar, J Sanchez-Fernandez, C de la Morena, BA Mas-Hesse, JM Riera, JT Barthelmy, S AF Castro-Tirado, AJ Ceron, JMC Gorosabel, J Pata, P Soldan, J Hudec, R Jelinek, M Topinka, M Bernas, M Sanguino, TJM Postigo, AD Berna, JA Henden, A Vrba, F Canzian, B Harris, H Delfosse, X de Pontieu, B Polcar, J Sanchez-Fernandez, C de la Morena, BA Mas-Hesse, JM Riera, JT Barthelmy, S TI Detection of an optical transient following the 13 March 2000 short/hard gamma-ray burst SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; optical transients; techniques : photometric; cosmology : observations ID SHORT-DURATION; AFTERGLOW; EMISSION AB We imaged the error box of a gamma-ray burst of the short (0.5 s), hard type (GRB 000313), with the BOOTES-1 experiment in southern Spain, starting 4 min after the gamma-ray event, in the I-band. A bright optical transient (OT 000313) with I = 9.4 +/- 0.1 was found in the BOOTES-1 image, close to the error box (3sigma) provided by BATSE. Late time VRI K'-band deep observations failed to reveal an underlying host galaxy. If the OT 000313 is related to the short, hard GRB 000313, this would be the first optical counterpart ever found for this kind of events (all counterparts to date have been found for bursts of the long, soft type). The fact that only prompt optical emission has been detected (but no afterglow emission at all, as supported by theoretical models) might explain why no optical counterparts have ever been found for short, hard GRBs. This fact suggests that most short bursts might occur in a low-density medium and favours the models that relate them to binary mergers in very low-density environments. C1 CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. INTA, LAEFF, Madrid 28080, Spain. Real Inst, Cadiz 11110, Spain. Observ Armada, Secc Astron, Cadiz 11110, Spain. Danish Space Res Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Czech Tech Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Dept Radioelect, Prague 16627, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Astron, CS-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. INTA, CEDEA, Mazagon 21130, Huelva, Spain. Univ Complutense, Dept Astrofis, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Alicante, Dept Fis Ingn Sistemas & Teoria Senal, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. Observ Grenoble, Astrophys Lab, Grenoble, France. Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Masaryk Univ, Dept Theoret Phys & Astrophys, Brno, Czech Republic. INTA, DCE, Madrid 28850, Spain. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, POB 03004, E-18080 Granada, Spain. EM ajct@iaa.es RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Pata, Petr/D-5817-2013; Hudec, Rene/G-9018-2014; Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel /K-6805-2014; Jelinek, Martin/E-5290-2016; OI Pata, Petr/0000-0002-6561-9088; Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel /0000-0002-8823-9723; Jelinek, Martin/0000-0003-3922-7416; de Ugarte Postigo, Antonio/0000-0001-7717-5085 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 393 IS 3 BP L55 EP L59 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20021172 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 599AY UT WOS:000178313000003 ER PT J AU Hashimoto, A Jacobson, AE Rothman, RB Dersch, CM George, C Flippen-Anderson, JL Rice, KC AF Hashimoto, A Jacobson, AE Rothman, RB Dersch, CM George, C Flippen-Anderson, JL Rice, KC TI Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. Part 28: New opioid antagonists from enantiomeric analogues of 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-phenylethylmorphan SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BINDING-SITES AB Enantiomeric analogues of 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)morphan ligands were synthesized and evaluated because of our unexpected finding that opioid antagonists can be obtained in the 5-phenylmorphan series of opioids without sterically hindering the rotation of the phenolic ring. We determined the opioid receptor binding affinity of these new analogues, as well as the efficacy of the more interesting ligands. One of the new compounds [(1R,5S)-(-)-3-[2-(3'-phenylpropyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.3.1] non-5-yl]-phenol, 15] was found to have half of the efficacy of naloxone, a potent opioid antagonist, in the [S-35]GTPgammaS assay, and two others (1R,5S)-(-)-3-[2-(4'-phenylbutyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non- 5-yl]-phenol, 17, and (1R,5S,1'S)-(+)-3-[2-(1'-methyl-2'-phenylethyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-5-yl]-phenol, 26, acted as moderately potent opioid antagonists. X-ray crystallographic structure data were obtained on three compounds. Two of them had three chiral centers; 25 [(1R,5S,1'R)-(-)-3-[2-(1'-methyl-2'-phenylethyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.3.1] non-5-yl]-phenol] was determined to have the 1R,5S,1'R configuration, and 26 the 1R,5S,1'S configuration. Since (1S,5R)-(+)-2-bromo-5-[2-(2'-phenylethyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-5-yl]-phenol (32) was a position isomer of (1S,5R)-(+)-4-bromo-3-[2-(2'-phenylethyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-5-yl]-phenol (30), and both showed the same H-1 NMR spectrum, the structure of 32 was unequivocally determined by X-ray structure analysis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDA, Addict Res Ctr, Clin Psychopharmacol Sect, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Bldg 8,Room B1-23, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 10 IS 10 BP 3319 EP 3329 AR PII S0968-0896(02)00219-5 DI 10.1016/S0968-0896(02)00219-5 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 590QT UT WOS:000177834100026 PM 12150879 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN AF Kostoff, RN TI Overcoming specialization SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LITERATURE-BASED DISCOVERY; INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH; FISH-OIL; COMPLEMENTARY LITERATURES; SCIENCE; INFORMATION; TECHNOLOGY; RAYNAUDS C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD OCT PY 2002 VL 52 IS 10 BP 937 EP 941 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0937:OS]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 603RJ UT WOS:000178573400015 ER PT J AU Kolavic-Gray, SA Binn, LN Sanchez, JL Cersovsky, SB Polyak, CS Mitchell-Raymundo, F Asher, LV Vaughn, DW Feighner, BH Innis, BL AF Kolavic-Gray, SA Binn, LN Sanchez, JL Cersovsky, SB Polyak, CS Mitchell-Raymundo, F Asher, LV Vaughn, DW Feighner, BH Innis, BL TI Large epidemic of adenovirus type 4 infection among military trainees: Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory studies SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY NOV 18-21, 1999 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; US-ARMY TRAINEES; OUTBREAK; PNEUMONIA; VACCINES; ADULT AB Outbreaks of adenovirus type 4 (Ad4) acute respiratory disease (ARD) have reemerged among US military personnel during the past decade. A prospective epidemiological investigation of 678 military recruits was conducted at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, in the fall of 1998; 115 (17%) of the recruits were hospitalized for febrile ARD. Adenovirus types 4, 3, and 21 were recovered from the cultures of 70 (72%), 7 (7%), and 2 (2%) of 97 recruits, respectively. In addition, 69 (83%) of the 83 hospitalized and 82 (49%) of the 166 nonhospitalized unit contacts had seroconversion to Ad4, which indicates the very high susceptibility and communicability of Ad4 among military recruits. Young age (<20 years) and male sex increased the risk for anti-Ad4 seroconversion. Recruits from tropical areas had higher preexisting immunity than did recruits from temperate regions. Military recruits are highly susceptible to Ad4 infections. Prompt reinstitution of an adenovirus vaccination program in this high-risk population is urgently C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Epidemiol Serv Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Sanchez, JL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment Lima, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. NR 41 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 7 BP 808 EP 818 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 594DF UT WOS:000178032900005 PM 12228817 ER PT J AU Ling, J Baird, JK Fryauff, D Sismadi, P Bangs, MJ Lacy, M Barcus, MJ Gramzinski, R Maguire, JD Kumusumangsih, M Miller, GB Jones, TR Chulay, JD Hoffman, SL AF Ling, J Baird, JK Fryauff, D Sismadi, P Bangs, MJ Lacy, M Barcus, MJ Gramzinski, R Maguire, JD Kumusumangsih, M Miller, GB Jones, TR Chulay, JD Hoffman, SL CA Naval Med Res Unit 2 Clin Trial TI Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of Atovaquone/proguanil for the prevention of Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax malaria among migrants to Papua, Indonesia SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IRIAN-JAYA; DOUBLE-BLIND; NONIMMUNE TRAVELERS; PROPHYLAXIS; PROGUANIL; CHLOROQUINE; RESISTANCE; PRIMAQUINE; AZITHROMYCIN; DOXYCYCLINE AB The increasing prevalence of resistance to antimalarial drugs reduces options for malaria prophylaxis. Atovaquone/proguanil (Malarone; GlaxoSmithKline) has been >95% effective in preventing Plasmodium falciparum malaria in lifelong residents of areas of holoendemicity, but data from persons without clinical immunity or who are at risk for Plasmodium vivax malaria have not been described. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded study involving 297 people from areas of nonendemicity in Indonesia who migrated to Papua (where malaria is endemic) less than or equal to26 months before the study period. Subjects received prophylaxis with 1 Malarone tablet (250 mg of atovaquone and 100 mg of proguanil hydrochloride; n = p) or placebo () per day for 20 weeks. Hematologic and clinical chemistry values did not change 148 n p 149 significantly. The protective efficacy of atovaquone/proguanil was 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 44%-95%) for P. vivax malaria, 96% (95% CI, 72%-99%) for P. falciparum malaria, and 93% (95% CI, 77%-98%) overall. Atovaquone/proguanil was well tolerated, safe, and effective for the prevention of drug-resistant P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria in individuals without prior malaria exposure who migrated to Papua, Indonesia. C1 Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Indonesian Minist Hlth, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. GlaxoSmithKline, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Baird, JK (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Amer Embassy Jakarta, FPO, AP 96520 USA. NR 44 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 7 BP 825 EP 833 DI 10.1086/342578 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 594DF UT WOS:000178032900007 PM 12228819 ER PT J AU Hanson, VD AF Hanson, VD TI Goodbye to Europe? SO COMMENTARY LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hanson, VD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER JEWISH COMMITTEE PI NEW YORK PA 165 E 56TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 0010-2601 J9 COMMENTARY JI Commentary PD OCT PY 2002 VL 114 IS 3 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA 596BZ UT WOS:000178145100032 ER PT J AU Nichols, TM AF Nichols, TM TI Putin's first two years: Democracy or authoritarianism? SO CURRENT HISTORY LA English DT Article AB "Those who argue for the irreversibility of Russian democracy are on firmer ground than the critics who, while understandably concerned, have. been warning repeatedly since 1991 that Russia is headed for disaster and whose predictions of doom. have repeatedly gone unrealized." C1 USN, War Coll, Dept Strategy & Policy, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Nichols, TM (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Dept Strategy & Policy, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT HIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 4225 MAIN ST PO BOX 4647, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19127 USA SN 0011-3530 J9 CURR HIST JI Curr. Hist. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 101 IS 657 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 599EQ UT WOS:000178321500001 ER PT J AU Shao, L Liu, JR Thompson, PE Wang, XM Rusakova, I Chen, H Chu, WK Chu, K AF Shao, L Liu, JR Thompson, PE Wang, XM Rusakova, I Chen, H Chu, WK Chu, K TI Point defect engineering and its application in shallow junction formation SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY ION-IMPLANTATION; BORON-DIFFUSION; SILICON; SI; AMORPHIZATION; REDUCTION; CLUSTERS AB Point defect engineering using high-energy ion bombardment can be used as a method to inject vacancies near the surface region with excessive interstitials created near the end of the projected range deep inside the substrate. We demonstrate that implantation of MeV Si ions into a Si substrate can suppress boride-enhanced diffusion normally associated with a high B concentration layer. B atoms from a surface-deposited boron layer experienced a suppressed diffusion during annealing if the Si substrate was preimplanted with MeV Si ions, and the retardation of B diffusion became more effective with higher dosages. The concept of boron diffusion control was used as an approach to form ultrashallow junctions. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 5 IS 10 BP G93 EP G95 DI 10.1149/1.1504903 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 588RN UT WOS:000177714600014 ER PT J AU Heller, MB Bunning, ML France, MEB Niemeyer, DM Peruski, L Naimi, T Talboy, PM Murray, PH Pietz, HW Kornblum, J Oleszko, W Beatrice, ST AF Heller, MB Bunning, ML France, MEB Niemeyer, DM Peruski, L Naimi, T Talboy, PM Murray, PH Pietz, HW Kornblum, J Oleszko, W Beatrice, ST CA Joint Microbiological Rapid Respon TI Laboratory response to anthrax bioterrorism, New York City, 2001 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT AB In October 2001, the greater New York City Metropolitan Area was the scene of a bioterrorism attack. The scale of the public response to this attack was not foreseen and threatened to overwhelm the Bioterrorism Response Laboratory's (BTRL) ability to process and test environmental samples. In a joint effort with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the cooperation of the Department of Defense, a massive effort was launched to maintain and sustain the laboratory response and return test results in a timely fashion. This effort was largely successful. The development and expansion of the facility are described, as are the special needs of a BTRL. The establishment of a Laboratory Bioterrorism Command Center and protocols for sample intake, processing, reporting, security, testing, staffing, and quality control are also described. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Warfighting Concepts & Architecture Integrat Div, Joint Staff, Washington, DC USA. Joint Program Off Biol Def, Falls Church, VA USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Seymour Johnson AFB, Goldsboro, NC USA. RP Bunning, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1096 EP 1102 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200017 PM 12396923 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Gong, JZ Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Gong, JZ Sun, FR Wu, C TI Heat transfer effect on the performance of MHD power plant SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE MHD power plant; power output; efficiency; optimization ID CYCLES; ENGINE AB The thermodynamic performance analysis of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power plant is performed in this paper. The analytical expressions for the power output and the efficiency are derived for the MHD plant coupled to variable temperature heat reservoirs at constant gas velocity and constant Mach number conditions. In the analysis, the irreversibilities include the irreversible heat transfer losses in the hot and cold side heat exchangers, the irreversible compression loss in the compressor, the irreversible expansion loss in the MHD generator and the effect of finite thermal capacitance rate heat reservoirs. Detailed numerical examples are given. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Mech Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), USN, Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 43 IS 15 BP 2085 EP 2095 AR PII S0196-8904(01)00130-3 DI 10.1016/S0196-8904(01)00130-3 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 562PL UT WOS:000176208000013 ER PT J AU Landolph, JR Verma, A Ramnath, J Clemens, F AF Landolph, JR Verma, A Ramnath, J Clemens, F TI Molecular biology of deregulated gene expression in transformed C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cell lines induced by specific insoluble carcinogenic nickel compounds SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Meeting on the Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity and Carcinogenicity CY SEP 02-06, 2001 CL STINTINO, ITALY DE clastogenesis; insoluble nickel compounds; morphological transformation; mRNA differential display; phagocytosis ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; METAL-COMPOUNDS; POSTCONFLUENCE INHIBITION; ANCHORAGE INDEPENDENCE; SELECTIVE PHAGOCYTOSIS; ECT2 PROTOONCOGENE; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; CHROMOSOME; COMPLEX; FIBROBLASTS AB In the past, exposure of workers to mixtures of soluble and insoluble nickel compounds by inhalation during nickel refining correlated with increased incidences of lung and nasal cancers. Insoluble nickel subsulfide and nickel oxide (NiO) are carcinogenic in animals by inhalation; soluble nickel sulfate is not. Particles of insoluble nickel compounds were phagocytized by C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cells and induced morphological transformation in these cells with the following order of potency: NiO (black) > NiO (green) > nickel subsulfide. Foci induced by black/green NiO and nickel monosulfide developed into anchorage-independent transformed cell lines. Random arbitrarily primed-polymerise chain reaction mRNA differential display showed that nine c-DNA fragments are differentially expressed between nontransformed and nickel compound-transformed 10T1/2 cell lines in 6% of total mRNA; 130 genes would be differentially expressed in 100% of the mRNA. Fragment R3-2 was a sequence in the mouse calnexin gene, fragment R3-1 a portion of the Wdr1 gene, and fragment R2-4 a portion of the ect-2 protooncogene. These three genes were overexpressed in transformed cell lines. Fragment R1-2 was 90% homologous to a fragment of the DRIP/TRAP-80 (vitamin D receptor interacting protein/thyroid hormone receptor-activating protein 80) genes and was expressed in nontransformed but not in nickel-transformed cell lines. Specific insoluble carcinogenic nickel compounds are phagocytized into 10T1/2 cells and likely generate oxygen radicals, which would cause mutations in protooncogenes, and chromosome breakage, and mutations in tumor suppressor genes, inactivating them. These compounds also induce methylation of promoters of tumor suppressor genes, inactivating them. This could lead to permanent overexpresssion of the ect-2, calnexin, and Wdr1 genes and suppression of expression of the DRIP/TRAP-80 gene that we observed, which likely contribute to induction and maintenance of transformed phenotypes. C1 Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, USN Norris Comprehens Canc Ctr, Canc Res Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90031 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Los Angeles, CA 90031 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA 90031 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Canc Res Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90031 USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Pharm, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Toxicol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Landolph, JR (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, USN Norris Comprehens Canc Ctr, Canc Res Lab, Hlth Sci Campus,Rm 218,1303 N Miss Rd, Los Angeles, CA 90031 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [5P30 CA 14308 9, T32 CA 09569, 5T32 CA 09320]; NIAID NIH HHS [5T32 AI 07807 8]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 03341] NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 110 SU 5 BP 845 EP 850 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 612FQ UT WOS:000179064200034 PM 12426144 ER PT J AU Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Tight-binding study of high-pressure phase transitions in titanium: Alpha to omega and bey SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; ZIRCONIUM METAL; NOBLE-METALS; TI; COMPRESSION; SURFACES; MODEL; ZR; HF AB We use a tight-binding total-energy method, with parameters determined from a fit to first-principles calculations, to examine the newly discovered gamma phase of titanium. Our parameters were adjusted to accurately describe the alphaTi-omegaTi phase transition, which is misplaced by density-functional calculations. We find a transition from omegaTi to gammaTi at 102 GPa, in good agreement with the experimental value of 116 GPa. Our results suggest that current density-functional calculations will not reproduce the omegaTi-gammaTi phase transition, but will instead predict a transition from omegaTi to the bcc betaTi phase. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mehl, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 60 IS 2 BP 248 EP 254 DI 10.1209/epl/i2002-00356-y PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 604KX UT WOS:000178620900013 ER PT J AU Sica, L AF Sica, L TI Correlations for a new Bell's inequality experiment SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bell's inequalities; correlations; hidden variables; nonstationary ID PROBABILITY AB Proofs of Bell's theorem and the data analysis used to show its violation have commonly assumed a spatially stationary underlying process. However, it has been shown recently that the appropriate Bell's inequality holds identically for cross correlations of three or four lists of +/-1's, independently of statistical assumptions. When data consistent with its derivation axe analyzed without imposition of the stationarity assumption, the resulting correlations satisfy the Bell inequality. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sica, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5630, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0894-9875 J9 FOUND PHYS LETT JI Found. Phys. Lett. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 5 BP 473 EP 486 DI 10.1023/A:1023920230595 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 615XP UT WOS:000179272900003 ER PT J AU Lynch, BJ Coles, WA Sheeley, NR AF Lynch, BJ Coles, WA Sheeley, NR TI A comparison of mean density and microscale density fluctuations in a CME at 10 R-circle dot SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; CORONA; BRIGHTNESS; LASCO AB [1] We have observed intensity scintillation (IPS) of the radio source 0854 + 201 at 8 GHz on August 2, 2000 during the passage of a coronal mass ejection (CME) across the line of sight. The source was at a distance of 10 R. over the north solar pole. Simultaneous observations with the LASCO C3 instrument allow us to model the mean density N-e and the microscale density fluctuations deltaN(e) within the CME. We find that N-e increased by a factor of 2.18 but deltaN(e) increased by only 1.76, so the ratio deltaN(e)/N-e is 19% smaller than in the pre-CME slow wind. During the passage of the CME a short burst of enhanced turbulence doubled the IPS variance but was not visible in the C3 images. This was likely caused by a thin flux tube crossing the line of sight. Detailed modeling indicates that the diameter of the tube was 41,000 km and its density was 14.5 times the CME density. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lynch, BJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Lynch, Benjamin/B-1300-2013; OI Lynch, Benjamin/0000-0001-6886-855X NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 19 AR 1913 DI 10.1029/2001GL014152 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 638ZQ UT WOS:000180603500019 ER PT J AU Selim, K Behling, C Lyche, KD Winston, DH Rossi, SJ Wahlstrom, EH Hyun, CB Jensen, JE Babich, MM Nguyen, TT Stewart, MA Myers, WY Ziegler, EA Oliver, DL Hassanein, TI AF Selim, K Behling, C Lyche, KD Winston, DH Rossi, SJ Wahlstrom, EH Hyun, CB Jensen, JE Babich, MM Nguyen, TT Stewart, MA Myers, WY Ziegler, EA Oliver, DL Hassanein, TI TI Tolerance to pegylated interferon maintenance therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C who are non-responders to standard combination therapy. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY NOV 01-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Menz & Lyche MDs, Ventura, CA USA. CIGNA Healthcare, Sun City, AZ USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. So Calif Transplantat Inst & Liver Ctr, Riverside, CA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Front Range Gastroenterol Associates PC, Longmont, CO USA. Allegheny Univ Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Villa View Community Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 SU S MA 1646 BP 574A EP 574A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 598XK UT WOS:000178301701628 ER PT J AU Lew, H Drumheller, DM AF Lew, H Drumheller, DM TI Estimation of non-Rayleigh clutter and fluctuating-target models SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID K-DISTRIBUTED CLUTTER; COMPOUND-GAUSSIAN CLUTTER; PARAMETERS; OPTIMUM; TEXTURE; ORDER AB Detection performance prediction for radar and sonar systems requires statistical models of the matched filter output for the 'clutter-only' and 'target-plus-clutter' cases. Two practical techniques are presented for deriving these models from matched filter output data. The first technique is based upon a generalised Gram-Charlier series expansion, whose terms consist of the generalised gamma probability density function and its derivatives. The second technique is based on the Rayleigh mixture model and it is shown that the. target-plus-clutter case can be expressed as a convolution of mixture parameters of the separate target-only and clutter-only cases. Numerical examples are presented. C1 Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. Off Naval Res, Mech & Energy Convers S&T Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Lew, H (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Block S2,Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 149 IS 5 BP 231 EP 241 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20020624 PG 11 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 612YW UT WOS:000179103900003 ER PT J AU Pace, PE Fouts, DJ Ekestorm, S Karow, C AF Pace, PE Fouts, DJ Ekestorm, S Karow, C TI Digital false-target image synthesiser for countering ISAR SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article AB The paper presents the design of a pipelined, all-digital image synthesiser capable of generating false target images from a series of intercepted inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) chirp pulses to provide a novel RF imaging decoy capability. The image synthesiser modulates the phase samples from a phase-sampling digital RF memory (DRFM) that store's intercepted ISAR pulses. The synthesiser contains a parallel array of (identical) complex digital modulators with one modulator for each false-tar get range bin. The binary phase samples from each intercepted ISAR pulse are applied one at a time to the modulator array. To synthesise the image, each modulator requires a set of phase and gain coefficients that are derived from the range-Doppler description of the false-target to be synthesised. An ISAR image compression algorithm is presented to reconstruct the image using the synthesiser output pulses. A. ship with 32 range bins is presented as an example of a false-target input, and simulations pre used to quantity the image synthesis capability of the architecture. The image quality as a function of the number of ISAR pulses integrated is also numerically evaluated. The programmable design permits real-time alteration of modulation coefficients, allowing rapid and adaptive shifting among different types of targets offering a low-cost decoy capability using readily available DRFM technology. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pace, PE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 42 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 149 IS 5 BP 248 EP 257 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20020635 PG 10 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 612YW UT WOS:000179103900005 ER PT J AU Bowman, SR Jenkins, NW O'Connor, SP Feldman, BJ AF Bowman, SR Jenkins, NW O'Connor, SP Feldman, BJ TI Sensitivity and stability of a radiation-balanced laser system SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE laser thermal factors; solid lasers; ytterbium ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; COLOR-CENTERS; KGD(WO4)(2) AB It has been previously shown that it is theoretically possible to build a solid-state laser that generates no internal heat. This is accomplished through a detailed balance of the stimulated and spontaneous emission. Such a device is called a radiation-balanced laser. Here, we analyze laser operation when conditions deviate from perfect balance. Sensitivity and stability analyzses are presented for perturbations in the field parameters and temperature. We show that the radiation balance is a stable equilibrium under both transient and steady-state perturbations. Limits are derived on the magnitude of allowable spatial perturbations, and techniques for spatial mode matching are discussed. Numerical simulations of 1-mum laser operation of Yb-doped potassium gadolinium tungstate are provided as an example. C1 USN, Photon Technol Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Bowman, SR (reprint author), USN, Photon Technol Branch, Res Lab, Code 5654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1339 EP 1348 DI 10.1109/JQE.2002.802950 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 598NE UT WOS:000178281900006 ER PT J AU Streit, RL Walsh, MJ AF Streit, RL Walsh, MJ TI Bearings-only target motion analysis with acoustic propagation models of uncertain fidelity SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; EM ALGORITHM; KALMAN FILTER AB The augmented bearings-only target motion analysis (TMA) problem arises when the bearing measurements of the classical bearings-only TMA problem are augmented with received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements. A combined acoustic propagation and sensor (CAPS) performance prediction model specifying the conditional density of the SNR measurements is assumed given; however, mismatch may exist between the CAPS model and the real world. We present a novel "missing data" formulation of the augmented bearings-only TMA problem using an empirical maximum a posteriori (EMAP) method for target parameter estimation, and show that it provides a natural and straightforward technique for mitigating CAPS model mismatch. The EMAP approach leads to an iteratively reweighted, linear least-squares algorithm for solving both the augmented bearings-only TMA problem and the classical (nonaugmented) bearings-only TMA problem. Examples are provided. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Streit, RL (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1122 EP 1137 DI 10.1109/TAES.2002.1145738 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 626HU UT WOS:000179866400001 ER PT J AU Yakimenko, OA Kaminer, II Lentz, WJ Ghyzel, PA AF Yakimenko, OA Kaminer, II Lentz, WJ Ghyzel, PA TI Unmanned aircraft navigation for shipboard landing using infrared vision SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID POSE DETERMINATION AB This paper addresses the problem of determining the relative position and orientation of an unmanned air vehicle with respect to a ship using three visible points of known separation. The images of the points are obtained from an onboard infrared camera. The paper develops a numerical solution to this problem. Both simulation and flight test results are presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yakimenko, OA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1181 EP 1200 DI 10.1109/TAES.2002.1145742 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 626HU UT WOS:000179866400005 ER PT J AU Griesbach, JD Lightner, M Etter, DM AF Griesbach, JD Lightner, M Etter, DM TI Subband adaptive filtering decimation constraints for oversampled nonuniform filterbanks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE decimation; nonuniform filterbank design; oversampling; subband adaptive filtering ID DESIGN; BANKS AB To avoid significant inband aliasing, the decimation factors for a real filterbank must satisfy strict constraints. These decimation constraints decrease the real filterbank's computational efficiency by requiring higher subband datw rates. To combat this, a set of modified pseudo-quadrature mirror filter equations are proposed which easily construct complex near-perfect reconstruction filterbanks that can be utilized to build both uniform and nonuniform filterbanks with no significant inband aliasing. With a properly designed real or complex filterbank, subband adaptive filters illustrate low mse after convergence. However, the computational complexity and convergence time associated with the complex filterbank is significantly less. Several numerical simulations are included to illustrate the conclusions. C1 Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Griesbach, JD (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1057-7130 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-II JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II-Analog Digit. Signal Process. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 49 IS 10 BP 677 EP 681 DI 10.1109/TCSII.2002.805628 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 645LX UT WOS:000180979200004 ER PT J AU Bachmann, CM Donato, TF Lamela, GM Rhea, WJ Bettenhausen, MH Fusina, RA Du Bois, KR Porter, JH Truitt, BR AF Bachmann, CM Donato, TF Lamela, GM Rhea, WJ Bettenhausen, MH Fusina, RA Du Bois, KR Porter, JH Truitt, BR TI Automatic classification of land cover on Smith Island, VA, using HyMAP imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA DE barrier islands; hyperspectral; in situ spectrometry; invasive plant species; land cover classification; neural networks; principle component analysis; projection pursuit; supervised classification; unsupervised classification ID PROJECTION PURSUIT AB Automatic land cover classification maps were developed from Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner (HyMAP) imagery acquired May 8, 2000 over Smith Island, VA, a barrier island in the Virginia Coast Reserve. Both unsupervised and supervised classification approaches were used to create these products to evaluate relative merits and to develop models that would be useful to natural resource managers at higher spatial resolution than has been available previously. Ground surveys made by us in late October and early December 2000 and again in May, August, and October 2001 and May 2002 provided ground truth data for 20 land cover types. Locations of pure land cover types recorded with global positioning system (GPS) data from these surveys were used to extract spectral end-members for training and testing supervised land cover classification models. Unsupervised exploratory models were also developed using spatial-spectral windows and projection pursuit (PP), a class of algorithms suitable for extracting multimodal views of the data. PP projections were clustered by ISODATA to produce an unsupervised classification. Supervised models, which relied on the GPS data, used only spectral inputs because for some categories in particular areas, labeled data consisted of isolated single-pixel waypoints. Both approaches to the classification problem produced consistent results for some categories such as Spartina alterniflora, although there were differences for other categories. Initial models for supervised classification based on 112 HyMAP spectra, labeled in ground surveys, obtained reasonably consistent results for many of the dominant categories, with a few exceptions. For an invasive plant species, Phragmites australis, a particular concern of natural resource managers, this approach initially had an excessively high false-alarm rate. Increasing the number of spectral training samples by an order of magnitude and making concomitant improvements to the geo-rectification led to dramatic improvements in this and other categories. The unsupervised spatial-spectral approach also found a cluster closely associated with Phragmites patches near the thicket boundary, but this approach did not identify the exposed Phragmites. Examples of in situ reflectance measurements obtained with an Analytical Spectral Devices FR spectrometer in early May 2001 are compared against HyMAP image spectra at model-predicted pixels and at validated GPS waypoints. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Bur Environm Sci, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. Integrated Management Syst Inc, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Nature Conservancy, Virginia Coast Reserve, Nassawadox, VA 23413 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 43 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2002 VL 40 IS 10 BP 2313 EP 2330 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2002.804834 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 625CC UT WOS:000179798500024 ER PT J AU Corzine, KA Baker, JR AF Corzine, KA Baker, JR TI Multilevel voltage-source duty-cycle modulation: Analysis and implementation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE multilevel converters; pulsewidth modulation; sine triangle; space vector; voltage source ID DRIVES; ALGORITHM; INVERTER AB Multilevel converters have become increasingly popular in recent years due to high power quality, high-voltage capability, low switching losses, and low electromagnetic compatibility concerns. Considering these advantages, the multilevel converter is a suitable candidate for implementation of future naval ship propulsion systems. This paper focuses on modulation techniques for the multilevel converter. In particular, a novel voltage-source method of multilevel modulation is introduced and compared to existing methods. The proposed method is discrete in nature and can therefore be readily implemented on,a digital signal processor. The method is also readily extendable to any number of voltage levels. Results of experimental implementation are demonstrated using a four-level rectifier/inverter system, which incorporates diode-clamped multilevel converters and an 11-level cascaded multilevel H-bridge inverter. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Corzine, KA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. NR 23 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0278-0046 J9 IEEE T IND ELECTRON JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1009 EP 1016 DI 10.1109/TIE.2002.803203 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 600EB UT WOS:000178376700008 ER PT J AU Kinard, JR Lipe, TE Avramov-Zamurovic, S AF Kinard, JR Lipe, TE Avramov-Zamurovic, S TI A new binary inductive divider comparator system for measuring high-voltage thermal converters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE AC-DC difference; high-voltage thermal converters (HVTCs); inductive divider; thermal converter; thermal voltage converters (TVC) ID DC; DEPENDENCE AB National Measurement Institutes have traditionally used bootstrapping or build-up techniques to determine the ac-dc difference of high-voltage thermal converters (HVTCs) in terms of the ac-dc difference of lower-voltage converters. We describe a met-hod of determining the ac-dc difference of HVTCs that is independent of the build-up process. A description of the system and technique is given and preliminary data is presented. C1 NIST, Div Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kinard, JR (reprint author), NIST, Div Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1045 EP 1049 DI 10.1109/TIM.2002.807794 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 640WX UT WOS:000180712400029 ER PT J AU Weber, BV Allen, RJ Moosman, BG Stephanakis, SJ Young, FC Pereira, NR Goyer, JR AF Weber, BV Allen, RJ Moosman, BG Stephanakis, SJ Young, FC Pereira, NR Goyer, JR TI Improved bremsstrahlung from diodes with pulse-heated tantalum anodes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bremsstrahlung; electron-beam; pulsed power; tantalum; X-radiation ID PLASMA; PERFORMANCE; BEAMS AB Bremsstrahlung from high-power electron-beam diodes increases and becomes spatially more uniform when the tantalum anode is first pulse-heated to remove gas from the surface and interior, and then pulse-heated again to white hot just prior to and during the high-power pulse. Heating the tantalum eliminates protons, retards beam pinching, and increases the far-field X-ray dose relative to unheated tantalum. The radiation pattern becomes symmetric and hollow, producing a more uniform near-field dose distribution than for unheated tantalum. With a white-hot anode, the diode current is single-species Child-Lang-muir until the voltage exceeds 1 MV, at which point it reaches critical current. These phenomena demonstrate reduced effects from ions in the diode. The increase in dose is a result of both reduced ion current and enhanced electron reflexing through the subrange tantalum foil. The heating technique is compatible with high-power generators such as Decade, whose x-radiation output would increase by as much as 30%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ecopulse, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. Titan Pulse Sci Div, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Weber, BV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1806 EP 1815 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.806617 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 644XK UT WOS:000180945900028 ER PT J AU Smith, B Ryan, MAK Gray, GC Polonsky, JM Trump, DH AF Smith, B Ryan, MAK Gray, GC Polonsky, JM Trump, DH TI Tuberculosis infection among young adults enlisting in the United States Navy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; PPD; tuberculin skin testing ID FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; HEALTH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BEHAVIORS; RISK AB Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a re-emerging infectious disease threat worldwide. To protect the health and readiness of US military personnel, policies exist to screen for and treat latent TB infection at the time of service entrance. Results of this screening programme have not been recently described. Methods Multivariate regression techniques were used to evaluate demographic and medical data associated with TB infection among all young adults entering US Navy enlisted service between 1 October 1997 and 30 September 1998. Results A total of 44 128 adults (ages 17-35, 81% male) were screened for TB during this 12-month period. The prevalence of latent TB infection was 3.5%. Place of birth was very strongly associated with TB infection, with foreign-born recruits eight times more likely to have a reactive tuberculin skin test or history of infection. Those who reported their race as 'Asian/Pacific Island' had 3.8 times the odds of having evidence of TB infection compared with 'Caucasian' recruits, even after adjusting for place of birth. Conclusions The prevalence of TB infection among Navy recruits was last reported as 2.5% nearly 10 years ago. The apparent increase to 3.5% in this large cohort is likely due to a concurrent increase in the number of foreign-born recruits, and it serves to underscore the importance of comprehensive screening and treatment of latent TB infections in this population. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DOD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USN Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Great Lakes, IL USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Smith, B (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DOD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 31 IS 5 BP 934 EP 939 DI 10.1093/ije/31.5.934 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 621MM UT WOS:000179593600009 PM 12435763 ER PT J AU Mayr, MT Crocker, IR Butker, EK Williams, H Cotsonis, GA Olson, JJ AF Mayr, MT Crocker, IR Butker, EK Williams, H Cotsonis, GA Olson, JJ TI Results of interstitial brachytherapy for malignant brain tumors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glioblastoma multiforme; brain neoplasm; brachytherapy; iodine-125; survival ID GLIOBLASTOMA-MULTIFORME; GLIOMAS; ASTROCYTOMA; THERAPY; RADIOTHERAPY; IRRADIATION; MANAGEMENT; RESECTION; SURVIVAL; IMPLANT AB We evaluated the efficacy of brachytherapy in patients with malignant brain tumors and assessed the factors associated with longer disease control after treatment. From June 1989 to October 1995, 73 patients were treated with stereotactic brachytherapy with temporary placement of iodine-125 implants. The median age was 52 (range 9-79). Median KPS was 80. There were 48 patients with a glioblastoma multiforme, 13 with an anaplastic astrocytoma, and 12 with other tumors. Of the 67 evaluable patients, 20 underwent brachytherapy as part of the therapy for a newly diagnosed tumor (17 were glioblastomas) and 46 had brachytherapy at the time of progression (28 were glioblastomas). Median survival time for all patients undergoing brachytherapy from diagnosis was 70.3 weeks. Median survival from implant was 39.3 weeks. For patients with an anaplastic astrocytoma, median survival from diagnosis and implant was 158.1 and 36.9 weeks respectively. For patients with a glioblastoma multiforme, median survival from diagnosis and implant was 62.9 and 37.1 weeks respectively. Eleven patients (16%) developed radiation necrosis. Nine patients (13%) developed other complications. Age and histologic diagnosis were significant predictors of survival from diagnosis. Age and KPS were independent predictors of time to failure after implant. Certain characteristics, specifically younger age (<55), and a higher KPS (&LE;70), appear to be associated with longer survival after brachytherapy. Complications, some of which are life-threatening, can and do occur. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol Surg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Neurosurg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Olson, JJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol Surg, 1365B Clifton Rd NE,Ste 6400, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS PI ATHENS PA 1, S MERKOURI ST, EDITORIAL OFFICE,, ATHENS 116 35, GREECE SN 1019-6439 J9 INT J ONCOL JI Int. J. Oncol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 817 EP 823 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 596JV UT WOS:000178162400017 PM 12239621 ER PT J AU Stout, PR Gehlhausen, JM Horn, CK Klette, KL AF Stout, PR Gehlhausen, JM Horn, CK Klette, KL TI Evaluation of a solid-phase extraction method for benzoylecgonine urine analysis in a high-throughput forensic urine drug-testing laboratory SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Air Stn, Navy Drug Screening Lab, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Klette, KL (reprint author), USN, Air Stn, Navy Drug Screening Lab, H-2033, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 26 IS 7 BP 401 EP 405 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 610DG UT WOS:000178945000003 PM 12422992 ER PT J AU Wiegand, RF Klette, KL Stout, PR Gehlhausen, JM AF Wiegand, RF Klette, KL Stout, PR Gehlhausen, JM TI Comparison of EMIT (R) II, CEDIA (R), and DPC (R) RIA assays for the detection of lysergic acid diethylamide in forensic urine samples SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LSD C1 USN, Navy Drug Screening Lab, Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Klette, KL (reprint author), USN, Navy Drug Screening Lab, Air Stn, H-2033, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 26 IS 7 BP 519 EP 523 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 610DG UT WOS:000178945000021 PM 12423010 ER PT J AU Albrecht, JD Ruden, PP Reinecke, TL AF Albrecht, JD Ruden, PP Reinecke, TL TI Hole scattering near the valence band edge in wurtzite gallium nitride SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID P-TYPE GAN; PIEZOELECTRIC COEFFICIENTS; ALUMINUM NITRIDE; QUANTUM-WELLS; SEMICONDUCTORS; ALN; TRANSPORT; CRYSTALS; MG; PARAMETERS AB Scattering rates for holes in wurtzite GaN are investigated theoretically taking into account six valence bands including the spin-orbit interaction. Scattering rates for acoustic deformation potential, piezoelectric acoustic phonon, polar optical phonon, and impurity scattering are formulated. Results are given for intra- and interband processes, and their role in understanding transport measurements is discussed. The scattering probabilities are anisotropic owing to incomplete initial and final state overlap, to nonuniform final state density, and angular dispersion of the phonon modes. In addition, the level of detail obtained is sufficient to examine the modifications of the scattering rates with the application of uniaxial stress, and numerical results are presented. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Albrecht, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM albrecht@lanl.gov NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 7 BP 3803 EP 3814 DI 10.1063/1.1503392 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 595BU UT WOS:000178087600058 ER PT J AU Chang, WT Sengupta, L AF Chang, WT Sengupta, L TI MgO-mixed Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 bulk ceramics and thin films for tunable microwave applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PULSED LASER DEPOSITION; FERROELECTRICS; DEVICES AB The dielectric properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) and 1.0, 20.0, 40.0, and 60.0 wt % MgO-mixed BST bulk ceramics and thin films were investigated for tunable microwave applications. The effects of MgO mixing with BST on BST phase transitions were examined. It is observed that Mg substitution into BST causes a shift in the cubic-tetragonal BST phase transition peak to a lower temperature. Mg-substituted BST and MgO-mixed phases exhibit depressed and broadened BST phase transition peaks, resulting in decreased dielectric constants and dielectric losses at room temperature. BST and 1.0, 20.0, 40.0, and 60.0 wt % MgO-mixed BST thin films (similar to0.3 mum thick) were deposited on (100) MgO single-crystal substrates at 750degreesC in an oxygen ambient pressure of 200 mTorr by pulsed laser deposition. The MgO-BST composite thin films showed a relatively high dielectric Q (=1/tan delta) compared to the pure BST and Mg-substituted BST thin films while retaining useful dielectric tuning. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Paratek Microwave Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. RP Chang, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 166 Z9 179 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 7 BP 3941 EP 3946 DI 10.1063/1.1505669 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 595BU UT WOS:000178087600079 ER PT J AU Viehland, D Li, JF Amin, A AF Viehland, D Li, JF Amin, A TI Electromechanical and elastic isotropy in the (011) plane of 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.3PbTiO(3) crystals: Inhomogeneous shearing of polarization SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MONOCLINIC PHASE; BEHAVIOR; TRANSFORMATIONS; PRECURSORS; ROTATION; ALLOYS; SYSTEM AB Temperature dependent electromechanical investigations of <110>, <001>, and <111> oriented morphotropic phase boundary compositions of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTi0(3) crystals have been performed. Softening of the dielectric constant, piezoelectric constant, and Young's modulus was found for all three orientations, near a ferroelectric rhombohedral to ferroelectric tetragonal transformation. However, the value of Young's modulus was an order of magnitude higher along <111>, than either <001> or <110>. An unusual electromechanical and elastic equivalence was found between the <110> and <001> directions. This result demonstrates that the enhanced electromechanical performance of oriented piezocrystals is not constrained to the <001> orientation, but rather to the (011) plane. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USN, Sea Syst Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Viehland, D (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 23 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 7 BP 3985 EP 3989 DI 10.1063/1.1486051 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 595BU UT WOS:000178087600085 ER PT J AU Kalogiros, JA Wang, Q AF Kalogiros, JA Wang, Q TI Aerodynamic effects on wind turbulence measurements with research aircraft SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB Flow distortion is a major issue in the measurement of wind turbulence with gust probes mounted on a nose boom, at the radome, or under the wing of research aircraft. In this paper, the effects both of the propellers of a turboprop aircraft and of the aircraft vortex system on the pressure and wind velocity measurements near the nose of the aircraft are examined. It is shown that, for a turboprop aircraft, the sensors mounted near the nose are affected directly (slipstream) or indirectly (lift increase) by the propellers. The propeller effects are more significant for pressure sensors located ahead of the propellers on the fuselage and are less significant for the small local flow angles measured at the nose of the aircraft. The first case is clearly realized during in-flight calibration maneuvers performed by a turboprop aircraft. A major flow distortion, which seriously affects the vertical wind velocity measurements near the nose of an aircraft, is the upwash induced mainly by the wing-bound vortex. Also, low energy of the vertical wind component in the inertial subrange for scales larger than the fuselage diameter is usually observed in aircraft measurements. This is shown to be the result of not taking into account the decrease of the upwash correction with eddy frequency (or no need for such a correction in the inertial subrange) caused by the aerodynamic delay and the response of the wing vortex to turbulence. The level of energy in the inertial subrange of the vertical wind component is significant because it is commonly used for the estimation of the dissipation rate of turbulence kinetic energy. A method to estimate this frequency variable correction and correct the spectra or the time series of the estimated vertical wind component is described. Data from low-level flight legs with a Twin Otter aircraft show that this correction may result in about a 20% correction of the variance of the vertical wind component and a 5% correction of the vertical turbulent fluxes. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kalogiros, JA (reprint author), Natl Observ Athens, Inst Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, Metaxa & Vas Pavlou, GR-15236 Athens, Greece. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 19 IS 10 BP 1567 EP 1576 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<1567:AEOWTM>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 596XY UT WOS:000178192800007 ER PT J AU Thompson, RB Ligler, F AF Thompson, RB Ligler, F TI Special section guest editorial - Tools for biomolecular and cellular analysis SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thompson, RB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 7 IS 4 BP 531 EP 531 DI 10.1117/1.1513562 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 611KZ UT WOS:000179017400001 ER PT J AU Ramamurti, R Sandberg, WC Lohner, R Walker, JA Westneat, MW AF Ramamurti, R Sandberg, WC Lohner, R Walker, JA Westneat, MW TI Fluid dynamics of flapping aquatic flight in the bird wrasse: three-dimensional unsteady computations with fin deformation SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bird wrasse; Gomphosus varius; fin kinematics; flapping aquatic flight; unsteady flow; unstructured mesh; deforming fin ID FLOW PAST; SIMULATION; KINEMATICS; LOCOMOTION; FISHES AB Many fishes that swim with the paired pectoral fins use fin-stroke parameters that produce thrust force from lift in a mechanism of underwater flight. These locomotor mechanisms are of interest to behavioral biologists, biomechanics researchers and engineers. In the. present study, we performed the first three-dimensional unsteady computations of fish swimming with oscillating and deforming fins. The objective of these computations was to investigate the fluid dynamics of force production associated with the flapping aquatic flight of the bird wrasse Gomphosus varius. For this computational work, we used the geometry of the wrasse and its pectoral fin, and previously measured fin kinematics, as the starting points for computational investigation of three-dimensional (3-D) unsteady fluid dynamics. We performed a 3-D steady computation and a complete set of 3-D quasi-steady computations for a range of pectoral fin positions and surface velocities. An unstructured, grid-based, unsteady Navier-Stokes solver with automatic adaptive remeshing was then used to compute the unsteady How about the wrasse through several complete cycles of pectoral fin oscillation. The shape deformation of the pectoral fin throughout the oscillation was taken from the experimental kinematics. The pressure distribution on the body of the bird wrasse and its pectoral fins was computed and integrated to give body and fin forces which were decomposed into lift and thrust. The velocity field variation on the surface of the wrasse body, on the pectoral fins and in the near-wake was computed throughout the swimming cycle. We compared our computational results for the steady, quasi-steady and unsteady cases with the experimental data on axial and vertical acceleration obtained from the pectoral fin kinematics experiments. These comparisons show that steady state computations are incapable of describing the fluid dynamics of flapping fins. Quasi-steady state computations, with correct incorporation of the experimental kinematics, are useful when determining trends in force production, but do not provide accurate estimates of the magnitudes of the forces produced. By contrast, unsteady computations about the deforming pectoral fins using experimentally measured fin kinematics were found to give excellent agreement, both in the time history of force production throughout the flapping strokes and in the magnitudes of the generated forces. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Comp Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Comp Sci & Informat Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ So Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Portland, ME 04103 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP Ramamurti, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Comp Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 6 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 205 IS 19 BP 2997 EP 3008 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 604ZZ UT WOS:000178652100005 PM 12200403 ER PT J AU Burlaga, LF Plunkett, SP St Cyr, OC AF Burlaga, LF Plunkett, SP St Cyr, OC TI Successive CMEs and complex ejecta SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ejecta; CMEs; magnetic field; solar wind ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; COMPOUND STREAMS; ACE; EVOLUTION; FIELDS; FLOWS AB [1] We identified three sets of successive halo CMEs directed toward Earth (two or more CMEs observed within 1- 4 days in the corona) and the corresponding flows and magnetic fields at 1 AU. Each set of successive halo CMEs was associated with complex ejecta at 1 AU. Complex ejecta were defined by Burlaga et al. [2001] as fast (> 600 km/ s) flows that are neither corotating flows nor magnetic clouds, which move past Earth during a day or more. They correspond to the transient flows discussed in the literature prior to the discovery of magnetic clouds. We infer that in each case the successive CMEs merged en route from the Sun to the Earth to form complex ejecta. In general, the components of the complex ejecta corresponding to individual CMEs cannot be identified, suggesting that the merging process is nonlinear and irreversible, and memory of the conditions near the sun is lost in the process. The identity of the individual CMEs is gradually lost as the interaction proceeds within 1 AU. In some cases, the interaction can result in what appears to be a single stream in the speed profile at 1 AU. Nevertheless, given observations of successive halo CMEs, one can possibly predict the arrival of complex ejecta or more complicated transient flow systems at 1 AU. In some cases, complex ejecta related to multiple CMEs can be associated with a single source region, an active region. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Burlaga, LF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 692, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 48 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS A10 AR 1266 DI 10.1029/2001JA000255 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634RF UT WOS:000180353900001 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR AF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR TI Sunspot activity and the long-term variation of the Sun's open magnetic flux SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coronal holes; interplanetary magnetic field; open flux; solar activity cycle; solar magnetic field; solar variability ID COSMIC-RAY MODULATION; CORONAL HOLES; SHEET CURRENTS; FIELD MODEL; TRANSPORT; EVOLUTION; CYCLE; INTERPLANETARY; PATTERNS; ROTATION AB The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) originates in open magnetic regions of the Sun (coronal holes), which in turn form mainly through the emergence and dispersal of active region fields. The radial IMF strength is proportional to the total open flux Phi(open), which can be estimated from source surface extrapolations of the measured photospheric field, after correction for magnetograph saturation effects. We derive the long-term variation of Phi(open) during 1971-2000 and discuss its relation to sunspot activity. The average value of Phi(open) was 20-30% higher during 1976-1996 than during 1971-1976 and 1996-2000, with major peaks occurring in 1982 and 1991. Near sunspot minimum, most of the open flux resides in the large polar coronal holes, whereas at sunspot maximum it is rooted in relatively small, low-latitude holes located near active regions and characterized by strong footpoint fields; since the decrease in the total area occupied by holes is offset by the increase in their average field strengths, Phi(open) remains roughly constant between activity minimum and maximum, unlike the total photospheric flux Phi(tot). The long-term variation of Phi(open) approximately follows that of the Sun's total dipole strength, with a contribution from the magnetic quadrupole around sunspot maximum. Global fluctuations in sunspot activity lead to increases in the equatorial dipole strength and hence to enhancements in Phi(open) and the IMF strength lasting typically similar to1 year. We employ simulations to clarify the role of active region emergence and photospheric transport processes in the evolution of the open flux. Representing the initial field configuration by one or more bipolar magnetic regions (BMRs), we calculate its subsequent evolution under the influence of differential rotation, supergranular convection, and a poleward bulk flow. The initial value of Phi(open) is determined largely by the equatorial dipole strength, which in turn depends on the longitudinal phase relations between the BMRs. As the surface flow carries the BMR flux to higher latitudes, the equatorial dipole is annihilated on a timescale of similar to1 year by the combined effect of rotational shearing and turbulent diffusion. The remaining flux becomes concentrated around the poles, and Phi(open) approaches a limiting value that depends on the axisymmetric dipole strengths of the original BMRs. The polar coronal holes thus represent the long-lived, axisymmetric remnant of the active regions that emerged earlier in the cycle. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil; sheeley@spruce.nrl.navy.mil NR 38 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS A10 AR 1302 DI 10.1029/2001JA000500 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634RF UT WOS:000180353900037 ER PT J AU Michael, TS AF Michael, TS TI Signed degree sequences and multigraphs SO JOURNAL OF GRAPH THEORY LA English DT Article DE signed degrees; graphic sequences ID GRAPHS AB We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a signed r-multigraph with a prescribed signed degree sequence. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Michael, TS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0364-9024 J9 J GRAPH THEOR JI J. Graph Theory PD OCT PY 2002 VL 41 IS 2 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.1002/jgt.10049 PG 5 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 596UH UT WOS:000178184300003 ER PT J AU McBride, SP Shukla, A Bose, A AF McBride, SP Shukla, A Bose, A TI Processing and characterization of a lightweight concrete using cenospheres SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB A study has been conducted in which a lightweight concrete was processed using ceramic microspheres, known as cenospheres, as a primary aggregate. The mechanical properties, including compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and fracture toughness, were tested and cataloged. It was determined that the addition of high volumes of cenospheres significantly lowered the density of concrete but was also responsible for some strength loss. This strength loss was recovered by improving the interfacial strength between the cenospheres and the cement. The interfacial properties were quantified using interfacial fracture mechanics techniques. These techniques were also employed to find a suitable surface modifier with which to improve this interface. The admixture silica fume and the coupling agent Silane(TM) were found to be suitable candidates and both performed well in small-scale compression testing. Silica fume was eventually isolated as a prime candidate. The concrete produced with this admixture was tested and compared to a concrete with an equal volume fraction of cenospheres. The addition of silica fume improved the compressive strength of cenosphere concrete by 80%, tensile strength by 35%, flexural strength by 60% and fracture toughness by 41%. (C) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP McBride, SP (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 10 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 37 IS 19 BP 4217 EP 4225 DI 10.1023/A:1020056407402 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 590KN UT WOS:000177822200021 ER PT J AU Taylor, WE AF Taylor, WE TI Serving two masters: The development of American military chaplaincy, 1860-1920 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Chaplain Corps, Chaplain Resource Branch, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Taylor, WE (reprint author), USN Chaplain Corps, Chaplain Resource Branch, Norfolk, VA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 BP 1216 EP 1217 DI 10.2307/3093296 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 597QC UT WOS:000178231400038 ER PT J AU Fahlgren, TL Drenkard, KN AF Fahlgren, TL Drenkard, KN TI Healthcare system disaster preparedness, Part 2 - Nursing executive role in leadership SO JOURNAL OF NURSING ADMINISTRATION LA English DT Article C1 Inova Hlth Syst, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Drenkard, KN (reprint author), Inova Hlth Syst, 2990 Telestar Court, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-0443 J9 J NURS ADMIN JI J. Nurs. Adm. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 32 IS 10 BP 531 EP 537 DI 10.1097/00005110-200210000-00008 PG 7 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 607MA UT WOS:000178794300008 PM 12394598 ER PT J AU Mondry, TE Johnstone, PAS AF Mondry, TE Johnstone, PAS TI How I do it - Manual lymphatic drainage for lymphedema limited to the breast SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-THERAPY; STAGE-I; CANCER; EDEMA; RADIOTHERAPY; IRRADIATION; CARCINOMA; SURGERY; BIOPSY C1 USN, Dept Clin Invest, KCA, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Breast Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Div Radiat Oncol, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Mondry, TE (reprint author), USN, Dept Clin Invest, KCA, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0022-4790 J9 J SURG ONCOL JI J. Surg. Oncol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 81 IS 2 BP 101 EP 104 DI 10.1002/jso.10154 PG 4 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 600NB UT WOS:000178396200010 PM 12355412 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Ivanov, LM Margolina, TM Melnichenko, OV AF Chu, PC Ivanov, LM Margolina, TM Melnichenko, OV TI Probabilistic stability of an atmospheric model to various amplitude perturbations SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL USEFULNESS; LIOUVILLE EQUATION; FORECAST SKILL; ERROR GROWTH; PREDICTABILITY; PREDICTION; OPERATORS; BOUNDARY AB Every forecast should include an estimate of its likely accuracy, as a measure of predictability. A new measure, the first passage time (FPT), which is defined as the time period when the model error first exceeds a predetermined criterion (i.e., the tolerance level), is proposed here to estimate model predictability. A theoretical framework is developed to determine the mean and variance of FPT. The low-order Lorenz atmospheric model is taken as an example to show the robustness of using FPT as a quantitative measure for prediction skill. Both linear and nonlinear perspectives of forecast errors are analytically investigated using the self-consistent Nicolis model. The mean and variance of FPT largely depends on the ratio between twice the maximum Lyapunov exponent (sigma) and the intensity of attractor fluctuations (q(2)), lambda = 2sigma/q(2). Two types of predictability are found: lambda > 1 referring to low predictability and lambda > 1 referring to high predictability. The mean and variance of FPT can be represented by the e-folding timescales in the low-predictability range, but not in the high-predictability range. The transition between the two predictability ranges is caused by the variability of the attractor characteristics along the reference trajectory. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Marine Hydrophys Inst, Sevastopol, Ukraine. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Ctr Ecol Modeling & Recreat Geog, Sevastopol, Ukraine. RP Ivanov, LM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OC CU, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 59 IS 19 BP 2860 EP 2873 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2860:PSOAAM>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 593RR UT WOS:000178006500007 ER PT J AU Ross, EV Cooke, LM Overstreet, KA Buttolph, GD Blair, MA AF Ross, EV Cooke, LM Overstreet, KA Buttolph, GD Blair, MA TI Treatment of pseudofolliculitis barbae in very dark skin with a long pulse ND : YAG laser SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE laser; hair; pseudofolliculitis; skin ID ASSISTED HAIR REMOVAL; ABSORPTION AB Background: Pseudofolliculitis barbae affects some individuals with coarse curly hair. Currently available treatment modalities are often ineffective. In some studies, lasers have been shown to be potentially helpful in mitigating disease severity by reducing the number and/or thickness of hair shafts. Methods: This was a side-by-side interventional study conducted at a military tertiary medical facility. The study group included 26 patients (skin types IV, V, and VI) referred from primary care physicians with a diagnosis of pseudofolliculitis barbae refractory to medical therapy. A neodymium YAG laser was used to treat one half of the neck. One month later, shaving bumps were counted and compared to their preoperative levels on both sides. Results: Mean postoperative papule counts were 11.6 +/- 6 (SD) and 30.1 +/- 19 (SD) on the treated side and untreated sides, respectively. Conclusion: Neodymium YAG laser treatment represents a safe and effective option for reducing papule formation in patients with pseudofolliculitis barbae. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 94 IS 10 BP 888 EP 893 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 606LT UT WOS:000178736000007 PM 12408693 ER PT J AU Volino, RJ AF Volino, RJ TI Separated flow transition under simulated low-pressure turbine airfoil conditions - Part 1: Mean flow and turbulence statistics SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 03-06, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS ID HOT-WIRE PROBES; PROFILES AB Boundary layer separation, transition and reattachment have been studied experimentally under low-pressure turbine airfoil conditions. Cases with Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 25,000 to 300,000 (based on suction surface length and exit velocity) have been considered at low (0.5%) and high (9% inlet) free-stream turbulence levels. Mean and fluctuating velocity and intermittency profiles are presented for streamwise locations all along the airfoil, and turbulent shear stress profiles are provided for the downstream region where separation and transition occur. Higher Re or free-stream turbulence level moves transition upstream. Transition is initiated in the shear layer over the separation bubble and leads to rapid boundary layer reattachment. At the lowest Re, transition did not occur before the trailing edge, and the boundary layer did not reattach. Turbulent shear stress levels can remain low in spite of high free-stream turbulence and high fluctuating streamwise velocity in the shear layer. The beginning of a significant rise in the turbulent shear stress signals the beginning of transition. A slight rise in the turbulent shear stress near the trailing edge was noted even in those cases which did not undergo transition or reattachment. The present results provide detailed documentation of the boundary layer and extend the existing database to lower Re. The present results also serve as a baseline for an investigation of turbulence spectra in Part 2 of the present paper and for ongoing work involving transition and separation control. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 42 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 645 EP 655 DI 10.1115/1.1506938 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 618XD UT WOS:000179442000014 ER PT J AU Volino, RJ AF Volino, RJ TI Separated flow transition under simulated low-pressure turbine airfoil conditions - Part 2: Turbulence spectra SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 03-06, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS ID HOT-WIRE PROBES; SUBMINIATURE AB Spectral analysis was used to investigate boundary layer separation, transition and reattachment under low-pressure turbine airfoil conditions. Cases with Reynolds numbers ranging from 25,000 to 300,000 (based on suction surface length and exit velocity) have been considered at low (0.5%) and high (9% inlet) free-stream turbulence levels. Spectra of the fluctuating streamwise velocity and the turbulent shear stress are presented. The spectra for the low free-stream turbulence cases are characterized by sharp peaks. The high free-stream turbulence case spectra exhibit more broadband peaks, but these peaks are centered at the same frequencies observed in the corresponding low turbulence cases. The frequencies of the peaks suggest that a Tollmien-Schlichting instability mechanism drives transition, even in the high turbulence cases. The turbulent shear stress spectra proved particularly valuable for detection of the early growth of the instability. The predictable nature of the instability may prove useful for future flow control work. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 15 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 656 EP 664 DI 10.1115/1.1506939 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 618XD UT WOS:000179442000015 ER PT J AU Cutbirth, JM Bogard, DG AF Cutbirth, JM Bogard, DG TI Evaluation of pressure side film cooling with flow and thermal field measurements - Part I: Showerhead effects SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 03-06, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS AB The goal of this study was to determine how showerhead blowing on a turbine vane leading edge affects of the performance of film cooling jets farther downstream. An emphasis was placed on measurements above the surface, i.e., flow visualization, thermal field, and velocity field measurements. The film cooling performance on the pressure side of a simulated turbine vane, with and without showerhead blowing, was examined. Results presented in this paper are for low mainstream turbulence; high mainstream turbulence effects are presented in the companion paper. At the location of the pressure side row of holes, the showerhead coolant extended a distance of about 3 d from the surface I'd is the coolant hole diameter). The pressure side was found to be subjected to high turbulence levels caused by the showerhead injection. Results indicate a greater dispersion of the pressure side coolant jets with showerhead flow due to the elevated turbulence levels. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, William B Morgan Large Cavitat Channel, Memphis, TN 38113 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Cutbirth, JM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, William B Morgan Large Cavitat Channel, Memphis, TN 38113 USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 670 EP 677 DI 10.1115/1.1504441 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 618XD UT WOS:000179442000017 ER PT J AU Cutbirth, JM Bogard, DG AF Cutbirth, JM Bogard, DG TI Evaluation of pressure side film cooling with flow and thermal field measurements - Part II: Turbulence effects SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 03-06, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS ID VANE AB This study focused on the film cooling performance on the pressure side of a turbine vane subjected to high mainstream turbulence levels, with and without showerhead blowing. Whereas previous studies have measured the adiabatic effectiveness and heat transfer at the surface of the airfoil, the goal of this study was to examine the flow and thermal fields above the surface. These measurements included flow visualization, thermal profiles, and laser Doppler velocimetry. For comparison, adiabatic effectiveness was also measured. A mainstream turbulence level of Tu(x)=20%, with integral length scale of seven hole diameters, was used. Particularly insightful is the discovery that the large-scale high mainstream turbulence causes a lateral oscillation of coolant jet resulting in a much wider time average distribution of coolant. Even with high mainstream turbulence, showerhead blowing was found to still cause a significantly increased dispersion of the pressure side coolant jets. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, William B Morgan Large Cavitat Channel, Carderock Div, Memphis, TN 38113 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Cutbirth, JM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, William B Morgan Large Cavitat Channel, Carderock Div, Memphis, TN 38113 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 678 EP 685 DI 10.1115/1.1504442 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 618XD UT WOS:000179442000018 ER PT J AU Zhong, Q Steinhurst, DA Carpenter, EE Owrutsky, JC AF Zhong, Q Steinhurst, DA Carpenter, EE Owrutsky, JC TI Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of azide ion in reverse micelles SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SODIUM BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) SULFOSUCCINATE; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; IN-OIL-MICROEMULSION; AEROSOL-OT; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; WATER-STRUCTURE; NITROGEN-ATOMS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; DRUG-DELIVERY AB The antisymmetric stretching band of the nu(3) vibration of azide ion was studied in nanosize water droplets confined in reverse micelles by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In reverse micelles of nonionic nonylphenyl polyoxyethylene (NP) and cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the nu(3) stretching frequency of the azide ion is red-shifted compared to in bulk water, whereas in anionic reverse micelles of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT), it is blue-shifted. The shifts at omega = 3 (omega = [H2O]/[surfactant]) for NP, CTAB, and AOT reverse micelles are -14, -31, and +4 cm(-1), respectively. In all cases, the shift decreases as omega is increased, indicating that the water interior approaches the properties of bulk water. This agrees with the changes observed in the IR spectra of water and the surfactant headgroup in NP reverse micelles as a function of omega. Comparison between reverse micelles formed with different surfactants reveals that the nu(3) azide band is sensitive to its local environment, which could be affected by interactions with the surfactant headgroups, the solvating water properties, and the presence of counterions. In addition, the aggregation number of NP reverse micelles in cyclohexane was obtained via time-resolved fluorescence qenching. The radius of the water droplet in the interior of micelle was found to increase from 13 to 34 Angstrom for omega = 3 to 10. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010; Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318; NR 67 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 20 BP 7401 EP 7408 DI 10.1021/la0260234 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 598WV UT WOS:000178300200025 ER PT J AU Menon, ESK Fox, AG AF Menon, ESK Fox, AG TI Detection, distribution, and quantification of carbon in steel microstructures by PEELS SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE electron energy loss spectroscopy; carbon; steels; phase transformations; austenite; martensite ID C-MO ALLOYS; INCOMPLETE TRANSFORMATION; BAINITE; ENERGY AB This work concerns the use of parallel electron energy loss spectroscopy (PEELS) to investigate the detection, distribution, and quantification of carbon in various steel microstructures generated by rapid cooling rates or by isothermal transformation. The feasibility of detecting C in steels containing very small amounts of carbon was first examined by calculating the minimum detectable mass fraction for a variety of binary Fe-C alloy specimen thicknesses and microscope conditions. These theoretical studies indicated that the detection of carbon in steel microconstituents containing about 0.01 wt.% (or even less) was easily possible with an analytical transmission electron microscope equipped with a LaB6 emitter and a PEEL spectrometer. These theoretical calculations seemed to be reasonable, as it proved possible to make a quantitative PEELS study of the partitioning between the microconstituents ferrite, retained austenite, and martensite found in an ultralow carbon (0.03 wt.%) steel weld metal provided care was taken to avoid hydrocarbon contamination. Studies of both carbon and molybdenum segregation to ferrite/martensite interfaces in an isothermally transformed Fe-C-Mo alloy were also carried out in order to investigate the nature of the "solute drag" effect in this alloy system. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM fox@nps.navy.mil NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 5 BP 392 EP 402 DI 10.1017/S1431927602010267 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 612CG UT WOS:000179056100002 PM 12533215 ER PT J AU Manos, GH Carlton, JR Kolm, P Arguello, JC Alfonso, BR Ho, AP AF Manos, GH Carlton, JR Kolm, P Arguello, JC Alfonso, BR Ho, AP TI Crisis intervention in a military population: A comparison of inpatient hospitalization and a day treatment program SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 154th Annual Meeting of the American-Psychiatric-Association CY MAY 05-10, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Psychiat Assoc ID POORLY FUNCTIONING PATIENTS; PSYCHIATRIC DAY TREATMENT; PERSONALITY-DISORDERS; RESPITE-CARE; OUTCOMES AB We describe transition from an inpatient psychiatric crisis intervention model to an outpatient program for nonpsychotic young adult active duty males presenting in crisis. We reviewed 300 medical records of comparable patients from each program. Demographics, clinical outcomes, and cost analysis are presented. Primary stressors were occupational and relational for both groups. Discharge diagnoses were similar with 98% patients in both groups having diagnosis adjustment disorder, personality disorder, occupational problem, or partner relational problem. Significantly more inpatients (59%) than outpatients (18%) were recommended for separation from the military for personality disorder or inability to adjust. Cost of inpatient treatment was $764 per day compared with $54.81 per day for outpatients. In the first year of operation of the outpatient program, inpatient admissions for crisis intervention in the population described declined by 195. Not only was the outpatient program much more cost-effective, it appeared to have superior clinical results. C1 USN, Dept Psychiat, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Naval Hosp Rota, Dept Psychiat, FPO, AE 09645 USA. USN, Clin Invest & Res Dept, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. RP Manos, GH (reprint author), USN, Dept Psychiat, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 167 IS 10 BP 821 EP 825 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EB UT WOS:000181421300009 PM 12392248 ER PT J AU Thornton, S Davies, D Chapman, F Farkas, T Wilton, N Doggett, D Jiang, X AF Thornton, S Davies, D Chapman, F Farkas, T Wilton, N Doggett, D Jiang, X TI Detection of Norwalk-like virus infection aboard two US navy ships SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Virology CY JUL 08-12, 2000 CL FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP Amer Soc Virol ID MILITARY-PERSONNEL; DIARRHEAL-DISEASE; GASTROENTERITIS; OUTBREAK; CALICIVIRUSES; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Two U.S. Navy ships experienced outbreaks of gastroenteritis following port visits to Southeast Asia during August to September 1999. The USS Peleliu (LHA 5) had 162 (6% attack rate) medical visits and the USS Constellation (CV 64) had 425 medical visits (9% attack rate). Navy Environmental and Preventive Medicine Unit No. 5 personnel conducted on-board molecular diagnostic assays to presumptively detect the presence of genogroup I Norwalk-like viruses (NLV) in both outbreaks. NLV RNA were detected in 4 (80%) of 5 Peleliu stool specimens and in 9 (36%) of 25 from the Constellation. Significant antibody titer rises to NLV antigens were measured in 18 (62%) of 29 Peleliu and 69 (68%) of 102 Constellation cases, but only in 1 (4%) of 28 asymptomatic controls. All environmental swipes were negative for NLV. Stools yielded no bacterial or parasitic enteropathogens. No point source was found for either ship. The on-site laboratory investigation can provide important information for outbreak control and prevention while new cases are still presenting. C1 USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 5, San Diego, CA 92136 USA. USS Peleliu, Dept Med, San Diego, CA USA. USS Constellat, Dept Med, San Diego, CA USA. Childrens Hosp Kings Daughters, Ctr Pediat Res, Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Thornton, S (reprint author), USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 6, Honolulu, HI 96782 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 167 IS 10 BP 826 EP 830 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EB UT WOS:000181421300010 PM 12392249 ER PT J AU Blood, CG Zhang, JJ Walker, GJ AF Blood, CG Zhang, JJ Walker, GJ TI Implications for modeling casualty sustainment during peacekeeping operations SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Projections of the casualties expected during peacekeeping operations allow medical planners to assess in advance the medical resources needed to support such operations. Data detailing fatalities incurred in previous peacekeeping operations were extracted from several U.N. sources. From these data rates of killed-in-action were computed for the deployed forces. One hundred eighty-eight peacekeeping incidents in which casualties were sustained were also examined to derive wounded-in-action rates. The estimated mean wounded-in-action rate for these operations was 3.16 per 1,000 strength per year; the estimated wounded-in-action rate for individual operations ranged from 0.49 to 12.50. There were an average of 3.8 wounded and 0.86 killed in the 188 casualty incidents examined. Thirty-eight percent of the wounds were described as serious. The casualty incidence derived in this study can provide a basis for estimating the casualties likely in future peacekeeping operations. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Blood, CG (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 167 IS 10 BP 868 EP 872 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EB UT WOS:000181421300019 PM 12392258 ER PT J AU Nassiri, JD Daniel, JC Wilckens, J Land, BC AF Nassiri, JD Daniel, JC Wilckens, J Land, BC TI The implementation and use of the standardized assessment of concussion at the US Naval Academy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SPORTS AB The Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), a sideline mental status assessment tool, was used for the U.S. Naval Academy football team. Baseline SAC data were obtained for 298 subjects; the SAC was also used in immediate assessment and subsequent monitoring of 21 concussed players. Analysis of baseline data revealed no significant difference in SAC score based on position on team, position category (offense, defense, or special team), test form used, graduating class year, or history of prior concussion, nor was there any correlation on the basis of age. Among injured players, there was a significant drop in mean SAC total score from baseline to immediately following concussion. Surveys by athletic trainers and physicians who used the SAC indicated that, despite identifying potential limitations, they considered it to be easy and quick to administer and a useful tool in the assessment, monitoring, and management of concussed athletes at U.S. Naval Academy. C1 USN, Med Clin, Dept Mil Med, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Med Clin, Dept Orthoped, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Family Practice, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. RP Daniel, JC (reprint author), Amer Embassy Jakarta, Unit 8132, NAMRU 2, FPO, AP 96520 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 167 IS 10 BP 873 EP 876 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EB UT WOS:000181421300020 ER PT J AU Logan, SM Kelly, JF Thibault, P Ewing, CP Guerry, P AF Logan, SM Kelly, JF Thibault, P Ewing, CP Guerry, P TI Structural heterogeneity of carbohydrate modifications affects serospecificity of Campylobacter flagellins SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLI VC167 FLAGELLIN; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; LIPO-OLIGOSACCHARIDE; JEJUNI; IDENTIFICATION; GLYCOSYLATION; GLYCOPROTEIN; GENES; SIALYLATION AB Flagellin from Campylobacter coli VC167 is post-translationally modified at 16 amino acid residues with pseudaminic acid and three related derivatives. The predominant modification was 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-L-glycero-L-manno-nonulosonic acid (pseudaminic acid, Pse5Ac7Ac), a modification that has been described previously on flagellin from Campylobacter jejuni 81-176. VC167 lacked two modifications present in 81-176 and instead had two unique modifications of masses 431 and 432 Da. Flagellins from both C. jejuni 81-176 and C. coli VC167 were also modified with an acetamidino form of pseudaminic acid (PseAm), but tandem mass spectrometry indicated that the structure of PseAm differed in the two strains. Synthesis of PseAm in C. coli VC167 requires a minimum of six ptm genes. In contrast, PseAm is synthesized in C. jejuni 81-176 via an alternative pathway using the product of the pseA gene. Mutation of the ptm genes in C. coli VC167 can be detected by changes in apparent M-r of flagellin in SDS-PAGE gels, changes in isoelectric focusing (IEF) patterns and loss of immunoreactivity with antiserum LAH2. These changes corresponded to loss of both 315 Da and 431 Da modifications from flagellin. Complementation of the VC167 ptm mutants with the 81-176 pseA gene in trans resulted in flagellins containing both 315 and 431 Da modifications, but these flagellins remained unreactive in LAH2 antibody, suggesting that the unique form of PseAm encoded by the ptm genes contributes to the serospecificity of the flagellar filament. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. CNR, Inst Biol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A OR6, Canada. RP Guerry, P (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1R01AI43559] NR 30 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 46 IS 2 BP 587 EP 597 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03185.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 608RU UT WOS:000178861100023 PM 12406231 ER PT J AU Sekiya, JK Wojtys, EM AF Sekiya, JK Wojtys, EM TI Hip arthroscopy using the mini-open approach SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hip; arthroscopy; mini-open; approach AB Hip arthroscopy is a technically difficult procedure to perform. Nonetheless, several indications exist for the procedure. We describe a "mini-open" approach to the hip joint, using a modified Smith-Petersen approach through a 4-cm incision in the groin skin crease, The interval between the sartorius, and tensor fascia lata is developed while protecting the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. The rectus, femoris muscle and iliopsoas tendon are retracted medially, exposing the hip capsule. Standard arthroscopy is then performed through the open incision, utilizing either manual or a formal traction setup. We believe this technique decreases the risk of neurovascular or iatrogenic injury to the articular cartilage or labrum during instrument placement. Because the soft tissues are dissected down to the capsule, there is increased maneuverability of instruments, and less traction is necessary to provide joint distraction. There is tremendous versatility in this procedures for example, a purely percutaneous hip arthroscopy can be performed supine on a fracture table, and if this fails to gain hip joint access or adequate visualization, the mini-open approach can be performed without the need to reposition or redrape the patient. If needed, this mini-open approach can also be easily converted to an open arthrotomy. We believe our hip arthroscopy technique utilizing a limited anterior approach combines the benefits of an arthroscopic and open procedure, while minimizing operative risk. This technique allows the arthroscopic surgeon an alternative method for performing this very technically challenging procedure. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, USNR,Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Med Corps,Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, USNR,Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Med Corps,Dept Orthopaed Surg, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 10 IS 4 BP 200 EP 204 DI 10.1053/otsm.2002.35875 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 636BC UT WOS:000180433800005 ER PT J AU Stewart, AE Hunsaker, DH AF Stewart, AE Hunsaker, DH TI Fungus-specific IgG and IgE in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngic-Allergy-Foundation CY SEP 07, 2001 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Amer Acad Otolaryng Allergy Fdn ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; ASPERGILLUS SINUSITIS; DIAGNOSIS; IMMUNOTHERAPY; EXPERIENCE; MANAGEMENT; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; ENTITY; RAST AB OBJECTIVE. Our study goal was to study fungus-specific immunoglobulins G (sIgG) and E (sIgE) in polypoid rhinosinusitis with and without evidence of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFS). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospective analysis was conducted of fungal slgG and sIgE using a 9-mold RAST panel in 13 AFS, 11 AFS-like, and 27 non-AFS polypoid rhinosinusitis patients. Nonpolyp controls included 17 volunteers with allergic rhinitis and I I with no atopic history. RESULTS. All groups had elevated fungal sIgG levels. Polyps, increasing polyp severity, and AFS were associated with elevated fungal slgG to a greater number of molds. The AFS group had sIgE elevations ( greater than or equal toclass II) to an average of 5 molds versus only 0.1 in the non-AFS polyp group. Total IgE was 971 U/mL versus 64 U/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple elevations of fungal sIgE are adequate diagnostic evidence of these fungi when fungal cultures and histologic examinations are negative in diagnosing AFS. The significance of increased fungal slgG remains unclear. SIGNIFICANCE. Early recognition of AFS may be facilitated by screening polypoid rhinosinusitis patients with total serum IgE and RAST testing. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Stewart, AE (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 127 IS 4 BP 324 EP 332 DI 10.1067/mhn.2002.126805 PG 9 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 610CW UT WOS:000178944000012 PM 12402012 ER PT J AU Kennedy, TA Charnock, FT Colton, JS Butler, JE Linares, RC Doering, PJ AF Kennedy, TA Charnock, FT Colton, JS Butler, JE Linares, RC Doering, PJ TI Single-qubit operations with the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 275th WE-Heraeus Seminar on Hardware Concepts for Quantum Computer CY MAY 13-15, 2002 CL BONN, GERMANY SP Wilhelm and Else Heraeus Fdn ID DETECTED SPIN COHERENCE; N-V CENTER; QUANTUM COMPUTATION; RESONANCE; STATE AB A concept combining optics and microwave pulses with the negative charge-state of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) center in diamond is demonstrated through experiments that are equivalent to single-qubit gates, and decoherence for this qubit is examined. The spin levels of the ground state provide the two-level system. Optical excitation provides polarization of these states. The polarized state is operated coherently by 35 GHz microwave pulses. The final state is read out through the photoluminescence intensity. Decoherence arises from different sources for different samples. For high-pressure, high-temperature synthetic diamonds, the high concentration of substitutional N limits the phase-memory to a few mus. In a single-crystal CVD diamond, the phase memory time is at least 32 mus at 100 K. N-14 is tightly coupled to the electronic spin and produces modulation of the electron-spin echo decay under certain conditions. A two-qubit gate is proposed using this nuclear spin. This demonstration provides a great deal of insight into quantum devices in the solid state with some possibility for real application. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kennedy, TA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 233 IS 3 BP 416 EP 426 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200210)233:3<416::AID-PSSB416>3.0.CO;2-R PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 611GJ UT WOS:000179007800011 ER PT J AU Colton, JS Kennedy, TA Bracker, AS Gammon, D AF Colton, JS Kennedy, TA Bracker, AS Gammon, D TI Spin lifetime measurements in MBE-grown GaAs epilayers SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 275th WE-Heraeus Seminar on Hardware Concepts for Quantum Computer CY MAY 13-15, 2002 CL BONN, GERMANY SP Wilhelm and Else Heraeus Fdn ID GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; ELECTRONS AB Electron spin relaxation times in excess of the localized limit have been measured in MBE n-GaAs layers, with the times depending on the doping concentration. We have optically oriented the electrons in the samples, and measured spin lifetimes via luminescence depolarization in a transverse magnetic field (Hanle effect). The lifetimes thus obtained were 14 and 26 ns for samples nominally doped at 1 X 10(15) and 3 X 10(15) cm(-3), respectively. The dominant dephasing mechanism, which is the hyperfine interaction of localized electrons with lattice nuclei, is discussed. Our results are presented in the context of our larger goal, which is to use resonance techniques for spin measurements and control. In this context, the Hanle spin lifetime measurement is a necessary step to be followed by optically detected magnetic resonance in a longitudinal magnetic field. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Colton, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 233 IS 3 BP 445 EP 452 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200210)233:3<445::AID-PSSB445>3.0.CO;2-J PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 611GJ UT WOS:000179007800014 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Casalini, R AF Ngai, KL Casalini, R TI Near-constant loss and the loss from cooperative ion hopping in ionic conductors are not additive contributions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL RELAXATION; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ALPHA-RELAXATION; GLASS-TRANSITION; AC CONDUCTIVITY; FAST DYNAMICS; MOBILE IONS; MELTS; TEMPERATURE AB We show by using a combination of conductivity relaxation and dynamic light-scattering experimental data of the glass-forming molten salt 0.4Ca(NO3)(2)-0.6KNO(3) that the near-constant loss and the loss from cooperative ion hopping are not additive contributions. Instead the data support the interpretation that the near-constant loss crosses over to the loss from cooperative ion hopping. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, INFM, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 13 AR 132205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.132205 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612HG UT WOS:000179067900012 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ AF Singh, DJ TI Itinerant electrons and magnetism in the Co-C chain compound YCoC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CANIN; CARBIDES; STATE AB Density-functional studies of the electronic structure of the Co-C linear-chain compound, YCoC are reported. The band structure near the Fermi energy shows a mixture of rather heavy Co-d-derived bands, and near-one-dimensional dispersive bands associated with the bonding of the Co-C chains. The resulting density of states is high, yielding an extremely weak ferromagnetic instability via the Stoner mechanism. However, the Fermi surfaces are strongly nested, suggesting competing antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations. An interesting possibility is that in clean samples a renormalized paramagnetic ground state may emerge, due to the combination of the weak competing ground states, the near one dimensionality of the bands, and quantum fluctuations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 13 AR 132414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.132414 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612HG UT WOS:000179067900028 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL Pecora, LM AF Carroll, TL Pecora, LM TI Parameter ranges for the onset of period doubling in the diode resonator SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CHAOTIC BEHAVIOR; OSCILLATOR; CIRCUIT AB One of the classic problems in the study of nonlinear dynamics has been the diode resonator. Previous work with the diode resonator sought to explain the causes of period doubling and chaos, and often used simplified models. This paper instead seeks to link the onset of nonlinear dynamical effects to measurable parameters by comparing experiments and numerical models. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 046219 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.046219 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 614EX UT WOS:000179176300070 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Penano, JR Hafizi, B AF Sprangle, P Penano, JR Hafizi, B TI Propagation of intense short laser pulses in the atmosphere SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MULTIFREQUENCY RAMAN GENERATION; DYNAMIC SPATIAL REPLENISHMENT; LIGHT CONTINUUM GENERATION; PARTIALLY STRIPPED PLASMAS; FREE-ELECTRON LASER; STIMULATED RAMAN; FREQUENCY-CONVERSION; MOVING FOCUS; AIR; IONIZATION AB The propagation of short, intense laser pulses in the atmosphere is investigated theoretically and numerically. A set of three-dimensional (3D), nonlinear propagation equations is derived, which includes the effects of dispersion, nonlinear self-focusing, stimulated molecular Raman scattering, multiphoton and tunneling ionization, energy depletion due to ionization, relativistic focusing, and ponderomotively excited plasma wakefields. The instantaneous frequency spread along a laser pulse in air, which develops due to various nonlinear effects, is analyzed and discussed. Coupled equations for the power, spot size, and electron density are derived for an intense ionizing laser pulse. From these equations we obtain an equilibrium for a single optical-plasma filament, which involves a balancing between diffraction, nonlinear self-focusing, and plasma defocusing. The equilibrium is shown to require a specific distribution of power along the filament. It is found that in the presence of ionization a self-guided optical filament is not realizable. A method for generating a remote spark in the atmosphere is proposed, which utilizes the dispersive and nonlinear properties of air to cause a low-intensity chirped laser pulse to compress both longitudinally and transversely. For optimally chosen parameters, we find that the transverse and longitudinal focal lengths can be made to coincide, resulting in rapid intensity increase, ionization, and white light generation in a localized region far from the source. Coupled equations for the laser spot size and pulse duration are derived, which can describe the focusing and compression process in the low-intensity regime. More general examples involving beam focusing, compression, ionization, and white light generation near the focal region are studied by numerically solving the full set of 3D, nonlinear propagation equations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 87 TC 170 Z9 185 U1 7 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 046418 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.046418 PN 2 PG 21 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 614EX UT WOS:000179176300100 PM 12443341 ER PT J AU Hegeler, F Friedman, M Myers, MC Sethian, JD Swanekamp, SB AF Hegeler, F Friedman, M Myers, MC Sethian, JD Swanekamp, SB TI Reduction of edge emission in electron beam diodes SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-LIMITED EMISSION; PUMPED KRF LASER; AMPLIFIER AB This paper presents measurements of the enhanced current density along the edges of a large area electron beam as well as successful techniques that eliminated this edge effect/beam halo. The beam current is measured with a Faraday cup array at the anode, and the spatial, time-integrated current density is obtained with radiachromic film. Particle-in-cell simulations support the experimental results. Experiments and simulations show that recessing the cathode reduces the electric field at the edge and eliminates the edge effect. However, the cathode recess structure itself emits under long-term repetitive operation. In contrast, using a floating, metallic, electric field shaper that is electrically insulated from the cathode eliminates the beam halo and mitigates electron emission from its surface during repetitive operation. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. TITAN, JAYCOR, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Hegeler, F (reprint author), Commonwealth Technol Inc, 5875 Barclay DR, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 14 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2002 VL 9 IS 10 BP 4309 EP 4315 DI 10.1063/1.1506925 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 595FA UT WOS:000178095700026 ER PT J AU Gammon, D Steel, DG AF Gammon, D Steel, DG TI Optical studies of single quantum dots SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID EXCITONS; STATES C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gammon, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD OCT PY 2002 VL 55 IS 10 BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1063/1.1522165 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 601HB UT WOS:000178439500016 ER PT J AU Devereaux, A Amundson, DE Parrish, JS Lazarus, AA AF Devereaux, A Amundson, DE Parrish, JS Lazarus, AA TI Vesicants and nerve agents in chemical warfare - Decontamination and treatment strategies for a changed world SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Our evolving global political climate mandates preparation for attacks using chemical agents, which aggressive countries or organizations can easily make, transport, and deploy. In this article, a complement to the bioterrorism symposium featured in the August issue, Drs Devereaux, Amundson, Parrish, and Lazarus provide an overview of the vesicants and the nerve agents most likely to be used in chemical warfare. An article an the pulmonary agents, cyanides, incapacitating agents, and riot control agents will appear in a subsequent issue. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Internal Med Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Crit Care Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Internal Med, Pulm Crit Care Med Div, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Devereaux, A (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Internal Med, Pulm Crit Care Med Div, 36800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM adevereaux@pol.net NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 112 IS 4 BP 90 EP 96 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 604RT UT WOS:000178635400011 PM 12400151 ER PT J AU Stone, RC AF Stone, RC TI A new method for computing differential color refraction SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC REFRACTION; UBVRI PHOTOMETRY; POSITIONS; STARS; FASTT AB A new method for computing differential color refraction (DCR) is presented in this paper that uses observations taken through a conventional filter as well as through a narrowband interference filter that serves as a template for the reductions. The method is tested with observations taken through Johnson BV and Cousins RI filters, and, in general, there is good agreement (excellent in all but one case) between observed and predicted values of DCR. A full description of the method is given as well as a discussion of the refraction model used to make the predictions. As expected, DCR is strongest in the B passband and weakest in the I band because of the wavelength dependence of atmospheric refraction. Furthermore, the common practice of calibrating DCR against a stellar color is investigated, finding that the procedure is justified, albeit the intrinsic scatter in the calibration can vary widely with the choice for the color. This scatter can be minimized with a judicious choice for the color system, and examples are given for the BVRI passbands considered in the paper. Nonetheless, there will always be some remaining error caused by the calibrating process, which will affect mostly star positions determined at large zenith distances. Further gains in positional accuracy are possible by choosing a passband for which the DCR is very small. Two such passbands are the Cousins I band (FWHM = 1900 Angstrom) and the passband (FWHM = 630 Angstrom) chosen for the USNO CCD Astrograph Catalog project. The ranges in the DCR for these passbands are, respectively, only 19 and 12 mas at a zenith distance of ZD p 60degrees. When calibrated against stellar color, remaining errors in the DCR calibrations for both of these passbands are expected to be under 5 mas. In the final section of the paper, numerical results are given for other possible passbands with small ranges ( 20 mas) in DCR. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. EM rcs@nofs.navy.mi NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 114 IS 800 BP 1070 EP 1086 DI 10.1086/342676 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 596BC UT WOS:000178143000002 ER PT J AU Vignola, JF Liu, X Morse, SF Houston, BH Bucaro, JA Marcus, MH Photiadis, DM Sekaric, L AF Vignola, JF Liu, X Morse, SF Houston, BH Bucaro, JA Marcus, MH Photiadis, DM Sekaric, L TI Characterization of silicon micro-oscillators by scanning laser vibrometry SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID NANOELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS; INTERNAL-FRICTION; FILMS; RESONANCE AB The dynamics of single-crystal silicon similar to100 mum size rectangular paddle oscillators at room temperature have been studied using a recently developed high-resolution scanning laser vibrometer. The dynamic mechanical behavior is determined by scans of the entire device, providing both amplitude and phase spatial maps of the vibratory response. These reveal more than 16 normal modes below 500 kHz. In addition to simple translation and torsional motion, flexural modes of the paddle plate are observed. Quality factors ranging from 1x10(3) to 2x10(4) are measured and are found to be significantly lower than those expected from well-known intrinsic absorption mechanisms. The measurements reveal that there exists significant modification of the expected eigenfrequencies and mode shapes. It is speculated that this is caused by excessive undercutting of the support structure, and that the resulting energy flow into the support leads to increased oscillator loss. Indeed, some correlation is found between observed loss and energy levels resident in the supports. At frequencies where there is relatively little support motion, three-dimensional finite-element modeling accurately predicts the paddle modal behavior. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Cornell Ctr Mat Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bucaro@pa.nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 73 IS 10 BP 3584 EP 3588 DI 10.1063/1.1502014 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 598CK UT WOS:000178257400025 ER PT J AU Ladner, S Arnone, RA Gould, RW Martinolich, PM AF Ladner, S Arnone, RA Gould, RW Martinolich, PM TI Evaluation of SeaWiFS optical products in coastal regions SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Planning Syst Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Neptune Sci Inc, Slidell, LA USA. RP Ladner, S (reprint author), Planning Syst Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 43 IS 10 BP 29 EP + PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 609BC UT WOS:000178881900005 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Bartolo, RE Lindle, JR Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU AF Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Bartolo, RE Lindle, JR Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU TI Mid-infrared photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS 01) CY DEC 05-07, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE, Electron Device Soc, USA, Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Lab, NASA, Univ Maryland, Elect & Comp Engn Dept DE semiconductor lasers; mid-infrared; photonic crystals; distributed feedback ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; FILAMENTATION; ENHANCEMENT; GAIN AB Photonic-crystal distributed-feedback (PCDFB) lasers have the potential to provide near-diffraction-limited, spectrally pure sources of midwave-infrared radiation. For a first proof-of-principle demonstration, optical lithography and dry etching were used to pattern a second-order two-dimensional rectangular lattice whose grating was tilted by 20degrees relative to the facet normal. The antimonide type-II "W" active region emitted lambda = 4.6-4.7 mum. For pulsed optical pumping, the emission line was much narrower (7-10 nm) than those of Fabry-Perot and angled-grating DFB (alpha-DFB) lasers fabricated from the same wafer, and the beam quality was enhanced by as much as a factor of 5 compared with the alpha-DFB. The observation of two distinct lines in the PCDFB spectrum is attributed to a near-degeneracy of grating resonances at two different symmetry points of the Brillouin zone for the rectangular lattice. Quantum-cascade PCDFB lasers with line width enhancement factors close to zero are projected to emit a single-mode output even when the gain stripe is as wide as 1 mm. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sarnoff Corp, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1557 EP 1566 AR PII S0038-1101(02)00105-3 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(02)00105-3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 588EC UT WOS:000177687300014 ER PT J AU Ikossi, K Goldenberg, M Mittereder, J AF Ikossi, K Goldenberg, M Mittereder, J TI Metallization options and annealing temperatures for low contact resistance ohmic contacts to n-type GaSb SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS 01) CY DEC 05-07, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE, Electron Device Soc, USA, Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Lab, NASA, Univ Maryland, Elect & Comp Engn Dept DE n-type GaSb; MBE; TLM; ohmic contacts; Pd ID GAAS AB With GaSb emerging as one of the crucial material for 6.1 Angstrom based electronic devices, low contact resistivity ohmic contacts suitable for nano-electronic and high-speed device operation are desirable. The surface of GaSb is believed to exhibit Fermi level pinning near the valence band making ohmic contact formation to n-type GaSb challenging. MBE GaSb, doped n-type with GaTe and grown on semi-insulating GaAs, is examined. The semi-insulating substrate allows mesa isolation and accurate ohmic contact evaluation by Transmission Line Model (TLM) measurements. A variety of metallization schemes and alloy temperatures are examined with lowest contact resistances observed for Pd containing ohmic contacts. A Pd/Ge/Pd/In/Pd metallization on GaSb:Te doped to 5.6 x 10(17) cm(-3) alloyed at 350 degreesC for 60 s exhibited a specific contact resistivity as low as 1.4 x 10(-6) Omega-cm(2) and contact resistance of 0.068 Omega-mm. Pd/Ge/Pd metallization on GaSb:Te doped at 1.8 x 10(18) cm(-3) exhibited specific contact resistivities of 3.8 x 10(-6) Omega-cm(2) and contact resistances of 0.058 Omega-mm after a 400 degreesC/60 s alloy. During the alloy cycle a solid phase reaction and regrowth is taking place forming a new interface compound responsible for the low contact resistances. At this time these results represent the lowest reported contact resistivity ohmic contacts to n-type GaSb. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ikossi, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6856,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1627 EP 1631 AR PII S0038-1101(02)00116-8 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(02)00116-8 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 588EC UT WOS:000177687300025 ER PT J AU Antevil, J Thoman, D Taller, J Biondi, M AF Antevil, J Thoman, D Taller, J Biondi, M TI Laparoscopic accessory splenectomy with intraoperative gamma probe localization for recurrent idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura SO SURGICAL LAPAROSCOPY ENDOSCOPY & PERCUTANEOUS TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE laparoscopic accessory splenectomy; recurrent idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP); gamma probe detection ID SPLENIC TISSUE; SPLEEN; EXCISION AB Laparoscopic excision of retained splenic tissue has been described as a treatment of recurrent hematologic disease after formal splenectomy. It is associated with a shorter hospital stay, more rapid recovery, and lower or equivalent morbidity compared with open surgery. However, intraoperative identification of residual splenic tissue remains difficult, particularly when preoperative computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging results are unremarkable. It has been suggested that the laparoscopic approach has a lower success rate due to the loss of tactile feedback. We report a case of successful laparoscopic excision of retained splenic tissue using technetium sulfur colloid injection and intraoperative gamma probe localization in a patient with recurrent idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 12 years after open splenectomy. This represents the first report of this intraoperative adjunctive measure for the laparoscopic identification and excision of functional accessory splenic tissue. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, KCA,Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Thoman, D (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, KCA,Dept Gen Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1530-4515 J9 SURG LAPARO ENDO PER JI Surg. Laparosc. Endosc. Pct. Tech. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 12 IS 5 BP 371 EP 374 DI 10.1097/00129689-200210000-00015 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 610BB UT WOS:000178939900015 PM 12409709 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Amling, CL Dorey, F Kane, CJ Presti, JC Terris, MK Aronson, WJ AF Freedland, SJ Amling, CL Dorey, F Kane, CJ Presti, JC Terris, MK Aronson, WJ CA Search Database Study Grp TI Race as an outcome predictor after radical prostatectomy: Results from the shared equal access regional cancer hospital (search) database SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEXTANT BIOPSIES; INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR; DISEASE RECURRENCE; SURVIVAL; IMPACT; RISK; MEN AB Objectives. Whether race is an independent predictor of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence after RP is controversial. To compare racial differences in clinical and pathologic features and biochemical recurrence in men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP), we used a newly established multicenter database of patients from four equal-access healthcare centers in California, the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database. Methods. A retrospective survey of 1547 patients treated with RP at four different equal-access medical centers in California between 1988 and 2001 was undertaken. Race was categorized as white (n = 10 14), black (n = 338), or nonwhite-nonblack (n = 195). Patients were analyzed for racial differences in preoperative variables (age at surgery, clinical stage, PSA, and biopsy Gleason score) and surgical variables (pathologic stage, surgical Gleason score, incidence of seminal vesicle invasion, positive surgical margins, capsular penetration, and pelvic lymph node involvement). Patients were followed up for PSA recurrence. Multivariate analysis was used to determine whether race was an independent predictor of biochemical failure. Results. Significant differences were found among the races in the preoperative factors of clinical stage, age, serum PSA, and biopsy Gleason score, although the absolute differences were small. No differences were found among the races in the pathologic features of the RP specimens, including Gleason score, pathologic stage, and incidence of positive surgical margins, capsular penetration, seminal vesicle invasion, or lymph node involvement. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, only serum PSA (P <0.001) and biopsy Gleason score (P <0.001) were significant independent predictors of time to biochemical recurrence. Conclusions. In a large multicenter cohort of patients from four equal-access medical care facilities in California, although racial differences were found in clinical stage, age, biopsy Gleason score, and serum PSA level at diagnosis, we found race was not an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence after RP. Race should not be used in models or nomograms predicting PSA failure after RP. The current study represents the largest series of black patients and the first large series of nonwhite-nonblack patients treated with RP reported to date. The Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital database is a valuable resource for studying patients treated with RP. (C) 2002, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Urol, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biostat, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Palo Alto Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Palo Alto, CA USA. Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Aronson, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Urol, Sch Med, Box 951738, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 16 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD OCT PY 2002 VL 60 IS 4 BP 670 EP 674 AR PII S0090-4295(02)01847-2 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)01847-2 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 603UK UT WOS:000178578700026 PM 12385931 ER PT J AU Callahan, JH Galicia, MC Vertes, A AF Callahan, JH Galicia, MC Vertes, A TI Atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization as a plume diagnostic tool in laser evaporation methods SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conferenc on Laser Ablation CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN DE MAPLE; direct write; atmospheric pressure MALDI; laser evaporation; plume diagnostics ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; THIN-FILMS; SENSOR MATERIALS; DESORPTION/IONIZATION; DEPOSITION; DYNAMICS; ABLATION; GROWTH AB Laser evaporation techniques, including matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE), are attracting increasing attention due to their ability to deposit thin layers of undegraded synthetic and biopolymers. Laser evaporation methods can be implemented in reflection geometry with the laser and the substrate positioned on the same side of the target. In some applications (e.g. direct write, DW), however, transmission geometry is used, i.e. the thin target is placed between the laser and the substrate. In this case, the laser pulse perforates the target and transfers some target material to the substrate. In order to optimize evaporation processes it is important to know the composition of the target plume and the material deposited from the plume. We used a recently introduced analytical method, atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (AP-MALDI) to characterize the ionic components of the plume both in reflection and in transmission geometry. This technique can also be used to directly probe materials deposited on surfaces (such as glass slides) by laser evaporation methods. The test compound (small peptides, e.g. Angiotensin I, ATI or Substance P) was mixed with a MALDI matrix (alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), sinapinic acid (SA) or 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB)) and applied to the stainless steel (reflection geometry) or transparent conducting (transmission geometry) target holder. In addition to the classical dried droplet method, we also used electrospray target deposition to gain better control of crystallite size, thickness and homogeneity. The target was mounted in front of the inlet orifice of an ion trap mass spectrometer (IT-MS) that sampled the ionic components of the plume generated by a nitrogen laser. We studied the effect of several parameters, such as, the orifice to target distance, illumination geometry, extracting voltage distribution and sample preparation on the generated ions. Various analyte-matrix and matrix-matrix cluster ions were observed with relatively low abundance of the matrix ions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Chem Dynam & Diagnost Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vertes, A (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RI Vertes, Akos/B-7159-2008 OI Vertes, Akos/0000-0001-5186-5352 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 197 BP 130 EP 137 AR PII S0169-4332(02)00316-1 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00316-1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 615RU UT WOS:000179261100024 ER PT J AU Young, D Auyeung, RCY Pique, A Chrisey, DB Dlott, DD AF Young, D Auyeung, RCY Pique, A Chrisey, DB Dlott, DD TI Plume and jetting regimes in a laser based forward transfer process as observed by time-resolved optical microscopy SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conferenc on Laser Ablation CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN DE plume; time-resolved optical microscopy; laser ID OXIDE STRUCTURES; ABLATION; PULSES AB Matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct-write was investigated by ultra high-speed optical microscopy. A layer of viscous fluid was irradiated with 355 nm, 30 ns laser pulses in a laser forward transfer configuration. The fluid response as a function of fluence was studied, and several distinct regimes of behavior were observed: plume, jetting and sub-threshold. This work emphasizes the fundamental differences between laser forward transfer of solid-state materials and theological fluids. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Chem Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Young, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dlott, Dana/0000-0001-8719-7093 NR 15 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 197 BP 181 EP 187 AR PII S0169-4332(02)00322-7 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00322-7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 615RU UT WOS:000179261100031 ER PT J AU Watenpaugh, DE Cothron, AV Wasmund, SL Wasmund, WL Carter, R Muenter, NK Smith, ML AF Watenpaugh, DE Cothron, AV Wasmund, SL Wasmund, WL Carter, R Muenter, NK Smith, ML TI Do vestibular otolith organs participate in human orthostatic blood pressure control? SO AUTONOMIC NEUROSCIENCE-BASIC & CLINICAL LA English DT Article DE gravity; head-up tilt; muscle sympathetic nerve activity; heart rate; hemodynamics ID REFLEX; SYSTEM; FLOW AB We hypothesized that vestibular otolith organ stimulation contributes to human orthostatic responses. Twelve subjects underwent three 60degrees upright tilts: (1) with the neck flexed from 0degrees to 30degrees relative to the body during 60degrees tilt, such that the head moved from horizontal to 90degrees above horizontal (0 to 1 Gz otolith stimulation); (2) with the head and body aligned, such that they tilted together to 60degrees (0 to 0.87 Gz otolith stimulation); and (3) with the neck flexed 30degrees relative to the body during supine conditions, and the neck then extended to - 30degrees during 60degrees body tilting, such that the head remained at 30degrees above horizontal throughout body tilting (constant 0.5 Gz otolith stimulation). All three tilt procedures increased thoracic impedance, sympathetic nerve activity (N = 8 of 12), arterial pressure, and heart rate relative to supine conditions (all P < 0.04). Within the first 20 s of tilt, arterial pressure increased most obviously in the 0 to 1 Gz otolith condition. Thoracic impedance tended to increase more in otolith-constant conditions, but no dependent variable differed significantly between tilt conditions, and no significant time x tilt interactions emerged. Otolith inputs may contribute to early transient adjustments to orthostasis. However, lack of significant main effects of tilt condition and time x tilt interactions suggests that potential otolith effects on the variables we studied are relatively subtle and ephemeral, or that other mechanisms compensate for a lack of change in otolith input with orthostasis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Integrat Physiol, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. RP Watenpaugh, DE (reprint author), USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, BOB 900, Groton, CT 06349 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0702 J9 AUTON NEUROSCI-BASIC JI Auton. Neurosci-Basic Clin. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 83 AR PII S1566-0702(02)00142-X DI 10.1016/S1566-0702(02)00142-X PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 613DA UT WOS:000179115400011 PM 12422963 ER PT J AU Burleigh, MC Markowitz, MA Spector, MS Gaber, BP AF Burleigh, MC Markowitz, MA Spector, MS Gaber, BP TI Nanoporous organosilicas: Periodic materials synthesized with surfactant templates in acidic media SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MESOPOROUS ORGANOSILICAS; ORGANIC GROUPS; CHANNEL WALLS; TRIBLOCK; SILICA; FRAMEWORKS; COPOLYMER; PORES; PMOS AB Nanoporous organosilicas have been synthesized by the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation of bis (triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTSE) using a hydrothermal approach. Cetyltrimethylainnionium chloride (CTAC), polyoxyethylene(10) cetyl ether (Brij 56), and polyoxythylene(10) stearyl other (Brij 76) were employed as structure directors using the surfactant template method. The surfactants were extracted from the nanoscopic composite precipitates with acidified ethanol. The resulting nanoporous organosilicas have been characterized by nitrogen gas sorption, powder X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution thermogravimetric analysis. While the organosilicas synthesized with CTAC exhibit large surface areas (1000 m(2)/g) and pore volumes (1.0 cm(3)/g), they form relatively disordered matrixes as evidenced by broad pore size distributions and X-ray diffraction patterns. Brij 56 gives periodic nanoporous organosilicas with pore diameters 36-39 Angstrom. The use of brij 76 as the structure director gave better quality organosilicas, with large surface areas, sharp pore size distributions, and pore diameters of 43-45 Angstrom. X-ray diffraction patterns exhibit three well-defined peaks typical of hexagonal (p6mm) mesoporous materials. The effects of initial HCl concentrations on the chemical and structural properties of the final products are examined. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 26 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 38 BP 9712 EP 9716 DI 10.1021/jp025515m PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 595JZ UT WOS:000178106700003 ER PT J AU Lee, ZP Carder, KL Arnone, RA AF Lee, ZP Carder, KL Arnone, RA TI Deriving inherent optical properties from water color: a multiband quasi-analytical algorithm for optically deep waters SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID REMOTE-SENSING REFLECTANCE; OCEAN-COLOR; PHYTOPLANKTON PIGMENTS; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; NATURAL-WATERS; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; COASTAL WATERS; CHLOROPHYLL-A; MODEL; INVERSION AB For open ocean and coastal waters, a multiband quasi-analytical algorithm is developed to retrieve absorption and backscattering coefficients, as well as absorption coefficients of phytoplankton pigments and gelbstoff. This algorithm is based on remote-sensing reflectance models derived from the radiative transfer equation, and values of total absorption and backscattering coefficients are analytically calculated from values of remote-sensing reflectance. In the calculation of total absorption coefficient, no spectral models for pigment and gelbstoff absorption coefficients are used. Actually those absorption coefficients are spectrally decomposed from the derived total absorption coefficient in a separate calculation. The algorithm is easy to understand and simple to implement. It can be applied to data from past and current satellite sensors, as well as to data from hyperspectral sensors. There are only limited empirical relationships involved in the algorithm, and they are for less important properties, which implies that the concept-and details of the algorithm could be applied to many data for oceanic observations. The algorithm is applied to simulated data and field data, both non-case, to test its performance, and the results are quite promising. More independent tests with field-measured data are desired to validate and improve this algorithm. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lee, ZP (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM zplee@nrl.ssc.navy.mil NR 68 TC 585 Z9 643 U1 12 U2 79 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 27 BP 5755 EP 5772 DI 10.1364/AO.41.005755 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA 595MJ UT WOS:000178113100020 PM 12269575 ER PT J AU Titarchuk, L Wood, K AF Titarchuk, L Wood, K TI On the low and high frequency correlation in quasi-periodic oscillations among white dwarf, neutron star, and black hole binaries SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; MHD; stars : neutron; stars : oscillations; white dwarfs; X-rays : binaries AB We interpret the correlation over 5 orders of magnitude between high frequency nu(high) and low frequency nu(low) in quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) found by Psaltis, Belloni, & van der Klis for black hole (BH) and neutron star (NS) systems and then extended by Mauche to white dwarf (WD) binaries. The observed correlation strongly constrains theoretical models and provides clues to understanding the nature of the QPO phenomena at large. We argue that the observed correlation is a natural consequence of the Keplerian disk flow adjustment to the innermost sub-Keplerian boundary conditions near the central object that ultimately leads to the formation of the sub-Keplerian transition layer (TL) between the adjustment radius and the innermost boundary (the star surface for the NS and WD and the horizon for the BH). In the frameworks of the TL model, nu(high) is related to the Keplerian frequency at the outer (adjustment) radius nu(K), and nu(low) is related to the magnetoacoustic oscillation frequency nu(MA). Using a relation between nu(MA), the magnetic and gas pressure, and the density and the hydrostatic equilibrium condition in the disk, we infer a linear correlation between nu(K) and nu(MA). Identification of nu(high), nu(low) with nu(K), nu(MA), respectively, leads us to the determination of H/r(out) = 1.5 x 10(-2) and beta = 0.1 (where H is the half-width of the disk and beta is a ratio of magnetic pressure to gas pressure). We estimate the magnetic field strength near the TL outer radius for BHs, NSs, and WDs. The fact that the observed high-low frequency correlation over 5 orders of magnitude is valid for BHs, NSs, and down to WDs strongly rules out relativistic models for QPO phenomena. We come to the conclusion that the QPO observations indicate the adjustment of the geometrically thin disk to sub-Keplerian motion near the central object. This effect is a common feature for a wide class of systems, starting from WD binaries up to BH binaries. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Titarchuk, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 21 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2002 VL 577 IS 1 BP L23 EP L26 DI 10.1086/344147 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 594DQ UT WOS:000178033800006 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Lean, J Sheeley, NR AF Wang, YM Lean, J Sheeley, NR TI Role of a variable meridional flow in the secular evolution of the sun's polar fields and open flux SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; solar-terrestrial relations; Sun : activity; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : photosphere ID SOLAR MAGNETIC-FIELD; MODEL; TRANSPORT; ROTATION; CYCLE-21 AB We use a magnetic flux transport model to simulate the evolution of the Sun's polar fields and open flux during solar cycles 13 through 22 (1888-1997). The flux emergence rates are assumed to scale according to the observed sunspot-number amplitudes. We find that stable polarity oscillations can be maintained if the meridional flow rate is allowed to vary from cycle to cycle, with higher poleward speeds occurring during the more active cycles. Our model is able to account for a doubling of the interplanetary field strength since 1900, as deduced by Lockwood, Stamper, & Wild from the geomagnetic aa index. We confirm our earlier conclusion that such a doubling of the open flux does not imply that the base level of the total photospheric flux has increased significantly over the last century. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 20 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2002 VL 577 IS 1 BP L53 EP L57 DI 10.1086/344196 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 594DQ UT WOS:000178033800013 ER PT J AU Giraldo, FX Hesthaven, JS Warburton, T AF Giraldo, FX Hesthaven, JS Warburton, T TI Nodal high-order discontinuous Galerkin methods for the spherical shallow water equations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE discontinuous Galerkin method; filters; high-order; icosahedral grid; shallow water equations; spectral element method; spherical geometry ID SPECTRAL ELEMENT METHOD; CONSERVATION-LAWS; GEODESIC GRIDS; TEST SET; MODEL; APPROXIMATIONS; SYSTEMS; SCHEMES AB We present a high-order discontinuous Galerkin method for the solution of the shallow water equations on the sphere. To overcome well-known problems with polar singularities, we consider the shallow water equations in Cartesian coordinates, augmented with a Lagrange multiplier to ensure that fluid particles are constrained to the spherical surface. The global solutions are represented by a collection of curvilinear quadrilaterals from an icosahedral grid. On each of these elements the local solutions are assumed to be well approximated by a high-order nodal Lagrange polynomial, constructed from a tensor-product of the Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto points, which also Supplies a high-order quadrature. The shallow water equations are satisfied in a local discontinuous element fashion with solution continuity being enforced weakly. The numerical experiments, involving a comparison of weak and strong conservation forms and the impact of over-integration and filtering, confirm the expected high-order accuracy and the potential for using such highly parallel formulations in numerical weather prediction. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Brown Univ, Div Appl Math, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM giraldo@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Warburton, Timothy/A-7685-2009; Hesthaven, Jan/A-7602-2009; OI Hesthaven, Jan/0000-0001-8074-1586; Warburton, Timothy/0000-0002-3202-1151 NR 32 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD SEP 20 PY 2002 VL 181 IS 2 BP 499 EP 525 DI 10.1006/jcph.2002.7139 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 596AQ UT WOS:000178141700007 ER PT J AU Zuccarello, G Scribner, D Sands, R Buckley, LJ AF Zuccarello, G Scribner, D Sands, R Buckley, LJ TI Materials for bio-inspired optics SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLINE LENS; INDEX AB Bio-inspired optics have the potential to transform the process of image collection and analysis in the future. Through simplicity and dynamics these collection systems may provide multiple functions with an excellent level of reliability. From the graded index of the fish-eye to the hyper-acuity of the compound eye, nature has provided function with amazing simplicity. This article reviews a select number of biological vision systems and the unique material behaviors that rise to these characteristics. We introduce the materials chemistry and morphological complexity that enables the biological system behavior. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Touchstone Consulting, Brookeville, MD 20833 USA. RP Buckley, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Sanguansri, Luz/B-6630-2011 OI Sanguansri, Luz/0000-0003-1908-7604 NR 7 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 18 BP 1261 EP + DI 10.1002/1521-4095(20020916)14:18<1261::AID-ADMA1261>3.0.CO;2-N PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 598RQ UT WOS:000178290600001 ER PT J AU Miller, MM Prinz, GA Cheng, SF Bounnak, S AF Miller, MM Prinz, GA Cheng, SF Bounnak, S TI Detection of a micron-sized magnetic sphere using a ring-shaped anisotropic magnetoresistance-based sensor: A model for a magnetoresistance-based biosensor SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We have fabricated micron-sized NiFe ring-shaped sensors that show localized detection of the radial component of the dipolar fringing field from a single, partially magnetized, micron-sized NiFe sphere. Specifically, the anisotropic magnetoresistance response to this fringing field is strongly peaked when the sphere is directly above the center of the ring and rapidly decreases to zero when the sphere is outside the ring. Such a device is a model system for a proposed biosensor array architecture that could operate similarly to high-density random access computer memory. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Miller, MM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 238 Z9 243 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 12 BP 2211 EP 2213 DI 10.1063/1.1507832 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 591ZL UT WOS:000177911200023 ER PT J AU Laming, JM Grun, J AF Laming, JM Grun, J TI Dynamical overstability of radiative blast waves: The atomic physics of shock stability SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; STRUCTURE COLLISION STRENGTHS; AVERAGED RATE COEFFICIENTS; CROSS-SECTION; IRON PROJECT; N-III; IONS; INSTABILITIES; TRANSITIONS; EXCITATION AB Atomic-physics calculations of radiative cooling are used to develop criteria for the overstability of radiating shocks. Our calculations explain the measurement of shock overstability by Grun et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2738 (1991)] and explain why the overstability was not observed in other experiments. The methodology described here can be especially useful in astrophysical situations where the relevant properties leading to an overstability can be measured spectroscopically, but the effective adiabatic index is harder to determine. C1 USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div Code 7674L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div Code 6795, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div Code 7674L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 12 AR 125002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.125002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 596LT UT WOS:000178166900017 PM 12225089 ER PT J AU Maksimov, EG Kortus, J Dolgov, OV Mazin, II AF Maksimov, EG Kortus, J Dolgov, OV Mazin, II TI Reflectance measurements and superconductivity in MgB2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID BORON C1 PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. MPI Festkorperforsch, Stuttgart, Germany. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Maksimov, EG (reprint author), PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Leninsky Prospect 53, Moscow 117924, Russia. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Dolgov, Oleg/M-8120-2015 OI Dolgov, Oleg/0000-0001-8997-2671 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 12 AR 129703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.129703 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 596LT UT WOS:000178166900059 ER PT J AU Patel, SJ Lundy, DC AF Patel, SJ Lundy, DC TI Ocular manifestations of autoimmune disease SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; SJOGRENS-SYNDROME; DRY EYE; SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES; EPISCLERITIS; INVOLVEMENT; SCLERITIS; SYMPTOMS AB Rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, the seronegative spondyloarthropathies, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, giant cell arteritis, and Graves' disease are autoimmune disorders commonly encountered by family physicians. These autoimmune disorders can have devastating systemic and ocular effects. Ocular symptoms may include dry or red eyes, foreign-body sensation, pruritus, photophobia, pain, visual changes, and even complete loss of vision. Because a number of these diseases may initially present with ocular symptoms, physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion to make a timely diagnosis. A thorough ophthalmic examination, including visual acuity, pupillary reaction, ocular motility, confrontation field testing, external inspection, and direct ophthalmoscopy with fluorescein staining, should be completed. In the patient with the complaint of a "dry eye" or a "red eye," simple tools such as the Schirmer's test or the blanching effect of phenylephrine can be useful in diagnosis. In general, managing the systemic effects with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive agents controls the ocular symptoms. When visual function is threatened, surgical therapy may be necessary. Early and accurate diagnosis with prompt treatment or referral to an ophthalmologist may prevent systemic and ocular disabilities. Copyright (C) 2002 American Academy of Family Physicians. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. RP Patel, SJ (reprint author), 34520 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM sjpatel@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 25 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 BP 991 EP 998 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 598AZ UT WOS:000178254100004 PM 12358224 ER PT J AU Savarino, SJ AF Savarino, SJ TI A legacy in 20th-century medicine: Robert Allan Phillips and the taming of cholera SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID THERAPY AB The legacy of Captain Robert Allan Phillips (1906-1976) was to establish effective, evidence-based rehydration methods for the treatment of cholera. As a Navy Lieutenant at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (New York, New York) during World War II, Phillips developed a field method for the rapid assessment of fluid loss in wounded servicemen. After the war, he championed the establishment of United States Naval Medical Research Unit (NAMRU)-3 (Cairo; 1946) and NAMRU-2 (Taipei; 1955), serving at the helm of both units. Phillips embarked on cholera studies during the 1947 Egyptian cholera epidemic and brought them to maturity at NAMRU-2 (1958-1965), elucidating the pathophysiologic derangements induced by cholera and developing highly efficacious methods of intravenous rehydration. His conception of a simpler cholera treatment was realized in the late 1960s with the development of glucose-based oral rehydration therapy, a monumental breakthrough to which many other investigators made vital contributions. Today, these simple advances have been integrated into everyday medical practice across the globe, saving millions of lives annually. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Savarino, SJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Savarino, Stephen/A-8030-2011 NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 6 BP 713 EP 720 AR UNSP 1058-4838/2002/3506-0011 DI 10.1086/342195 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 589MQ UT WOS:000177763200011 PM 12203169 ER PT J AU Okino, K Curewitz, D Asada, M Tamaki, K Vogt, P Crane, K AF Okino, K Curewitz, D Asada, M Tamaki, K Vogt, P Crane, K TI Preliminary analysis of the Knipovich Ridge segmentation: influence of focused magmatism and ridge obliquity on an ultraslow spreading system SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE mid-ocean ridges; segmentation; sea-floor spreading; gravity anomalies; sonar methods; Arctic Region ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; SOUTHWEST INDIAN RIDGE; OCEANIC CRUSTAL THICKNESS; NORWEGIAN-GREENLAND SEA; MOHNS RIDGE; MORPHOTECTONIC VARIATIONS; GRAVITY-ANOMALIES; ARCTIC-OCEAN; GAKKEL RIDGE; SLOW AB Bathymetry, gravity and deep-tow sonar image data are used to define the segmentation of a 400 km long portion of the ultraslow-spreading Knipovich Ridge in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea, Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Discrete volcanic centers marked by large volcanic constructions and accompanying short wavelength mantle Bouguer anomaly (MBA) lows generally resemble those of the Gakkel Ridge and the easternmost Southwest Indian Ridge. These magmatically robust segment centers are regularly spaced about 85-100 km apart along the ridge, and are characterized by accumulated hummocky terrain, high relief, off-axis seamount chains and significant MBA lows. We suggest that these eruptive centers correspond to areas of enhanced magma flux, and that their spacing reflects the geometry of underlying mantle upwelling cells. The large-scale thermal structure of the mantle primarily controls discrete and focused magmatism, and the relatively wide spacing of these segments may reflect cool mantle beneath the ridge. Segment centers along the southern Knipovich Ridge are characterized by lower relief and smaller MBA anomalies than along the northern section of the ridge. This suggests that ridge obliquity is a secondary control on ridge construction on the Knipovich Ridge, as the obliquity changes from 35degrees to 49degrees from north to south, respectively, while spreading rate and axial depth remain approximately constant. The increased obliquity may contribute to decreased effective spreading rates, lower upwelling magma velocity and melt formation, and limited horizontal dike propagation near the surface. We also identify small, magmatically weaker segments with low relief, little or no MBA anomaly, and no off-axis expression. We suggest that these segments are either fed by lateral melt migration from adjacent magmatically stronger segments or represent smaller, discrete mantle upwelling centers with short-lived melt supply. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Okino, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, 1-15-1 Minamidai, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. NR 53 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 202 IS 2 BP 275 EP 288 AR PII S0012-821X(02)00790-2 DI 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00790-2 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 597MY UT WOS:000178226400007 ER PT J AU Gao, BC Kaufman, YJ Tanre, D Li, RR AF Gao, BC Kaufman, YJ Tanre, D Li, RR TI Distinguishing tropospheric aerosols from thin cirrus clouds for improved aerosol retrievals using the ratio of 1.38-mu m and 1.24-mu m channels SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODIS; OCEANS; SPACE AB [1] The scattering of solar radiation by cirrus clouds often contaminates aerosol products retrieved from satellite-based measurements using channels located in the visible and near-IR spectral region. Previously, it was demonstrated that a narrow satellite channel located near 1.38 mum is very effective in detecting the high level thin cirrus clouds. In this paper, we describe a ratio technique using the 1.38-mum channel and the 1.24-mum channel for identifying pixels contaminated by thin cirrus clouds so that improved aerosol and dust products can be obtained. The multi-channel data acquired with the NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS) on the Terra Spacecraft are used to demonstrate this technique. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, Villeneuve Dascq, France. Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Villeneuve Dascq, France. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 18 AR 1890 DI 10.1029/2002GL015475 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 635KL UT WOS:000180398000037 ER PT J AU Butcher, KSA Timmers, H Afifuddin Chen, PPT Weijers, TDM Goldys, EM Tansley, TL Elliman, RG Freitas, JA AF Butcher, KSA Timmers, H Afifuddin Chen, PPT Weijers, TDM Goldys, EM Tansley, TL Elliman, RG Freitas, JA TI Crystal size and oxygen segregation for polycrystalline GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC RECOIL DETECTION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; IONIZATION DETECTORS; EDGE DISLOCATIONS; GALLIUM NITRIDE; GROWTH; DEPOSITION; NANOPIPES; SURFACES; DEVICES AB The grain size for polycrystalline GaN, grown in low-temperature gallium-rich conditions, is shown to be correlated to the oxygen content of the films. Films with lower oxygen content were observed to have larger crystals with an increased tendency to a single-preferred crystal orientation. Elastic recoil detection analysis with heavy ions (i.e., 200 MeV Au-197 ions) was used to determine the composition of the GaN films grown for the study, including the hydrogen, carbon, gallium, nitrogen, and oxygen content. Atomic force microscopy and x-ray diffraction were used to study the sample morphology. From these measurements, the available surface area of the films was found to be sufficient for a significant proportion of the oxygen present in the films to segregate at the grain boundaries. This interpretation is consistent with earlier theoretical studies of the formation and segregation of the V-Ga-(O-N)(3) defect complex at dislocation sites in gallium-rich GaN. For this work, however, the defect complex is believed to segregate at the grain boundary of the polycrystalline GaN. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys, Semicond Sci & Technol Labs, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Dept Elect Mat, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. USN, ESTD Elect Mat Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys, Semicond Sci & Technol Labs, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. EM sbutcher@ics.mq.edu.au RI Elliman, Robert/B-8542-2009; OI Elliman, Robert/0000-0002-1304-4219; Goldys, Ewa/0000-0003-2470-7118 NR 30 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 6 BP 3397 EP 3403 DI 10.1063/1.1499232 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 588CK UT WOS:000177683000069 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Roland, CM TI Electromechanical properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) networks SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE poly(vinylidene fluoride); crystallization; crosslinking; electrostriction; strain ID GIANT ELECTROSTRICTIVE RESPONSE; 52/48 MOL-PERCENT; VINYLIDENE-FLUORIDE; FERROELECTRIC COPOLYMERS; PHASE-TRANSITION; CO-POLYMER; TRIFLUOROETHYLENE; CRYSTALLIZATION; FILMS; TRANSFORMATIONS AB Random copolymers of 65% vinylidene fluoride and 35% trifluoroethylene were reacted with an organic peroxide, in combination with a free-radical trap, to yield networks of high crosslink density. Crystallization subsequent to the crosslinking yielded ferroelectric materials exhibiting large electrostrictive strains. The magnitude of the electromechanical response increased with an increasing degree of crosslinking, even though this reduced the crystallinity. For the most crosslinked sample, longitudinal (thickness) strains as high as 12% were induced at an electric field of 9 MV/m. This electrostrictive performance exceeded that obtained to date with any poly(vinylidene fluoride) material. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 18 BP 1975 EP 1984 DI 10.1002/polb.10267 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 587HF UT WOS:000177633900002 ER PT J AU Kliner, DAV Di Teodoro, F Koplow, JP Moore, SW Smith, AV AF Kliner, DAV Di Teodoro, F Koplow, JP Moore, SW Smith, AV TI Efficient second, third, fourth, and fifth harmonic generation of a Yb-doped fiber amplifier SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ultraviolet generation; optical fiber amplifiers; frequency conversion; ytterbium ID POLED LITHIUM-NIOBATE; POLARIZATION INSTABILITIES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; PULSES; LASER; GAIN; MODE; KTP AB We report generation of the second, third, fourth, and fifth harmonics of the output of a Yb-doped fiber amplifier seeded by a passively Q-switchcd Nd:YAG microchip laser. We obtained high conversion efficiencies using a simple optical arrangement and critically phase-matched nonlinear crystals. Starting with 320 mW of average power at 1064 nm (86 muJ per pulse at a 3.7 kHz repetition rate), we generated 160 mW at 532 nm, 38 mW at 355 nm, 69 mW at 266 nm, and 18 mW at 213 nm. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with calculations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kliner, DAV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 969,MS 9056, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 20 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 210 IS 3-6 BP 393 EP 398 AR PII S0030-4018(02)01825-4 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01825-4 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 595DD UT WOS:000178090800030 ER PT J AU Gupta, JA Awschalom, DD Efros, AL Rodina, AV AF Gupta, JA Awschalom, DD Efros, AL Rodina, AV TI Spin dynamics in semiconductor nanocrystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CDSE QUANTUM DOTS; CORE/SHELL NANOCRYSTALS; NUCLEAR-SPIN; ELECTRON; RELAXATION; ABSORPTION; EXCITON; DARK; SPECTROSCOPY; ASSIGNMENT AB Time-resolved Faraday rotation is used to study both transverse and longitudinal spin relaxation in chemically synthesized CdSe nanocrystals (NC's) 22-80 Angstrom in diameter. The precession of optically injected spins in a transverse magnetic field occurs at distinct frequencies whose assignment to electron and exciton spins is developed through systematic studies of the size-dependence and theoretical calculations. It is shown that the transverse spin lifetime is limited by inhomogeneous dephasing to a degree that cannot be accounted for by the NC size distribution alone. Longitudinal spin relaxation in these NC's occurs on several distinct time scales ranging from 100 ps to 10 mus and exhibits markedly different dependencies on temperature and field in comparison to transverse spin relaxation. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USN, Res Lab, Nanostruct Opt Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Solid State Phys, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. RP Awschalom, DD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 43 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 12 AR 125307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.125307 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 601RH UT WOS:000178461100037 ER PT J AU Long, JP Bermudez, VM AF Long, JP Bermudez, VM TI Band bending and photoemission-induced surface photovoltages on clean n- and p-GaN (0001) surfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS POLARIZATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; HEXAGONAL GAN; GAN(0001); SPECTROSCOPY AB Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) has been used to measure the dependence of core-level shifts on temperature T and source intensity for the clean (0001) surfaces of p- and n-GaN grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. In the dark, the Fermi level at the surface occurs 2.55 eV above the valence band maximum for both carrier types. The surface photovoltage (SPV) induced by laboratory PES sources exceeds 1 eV on p-GaN at room temperature (RT). Hence PES at RT may prove impractical for determining Schottky barrier heights for optically thin metal films on p-GaN. The source-induced SPV falls rapidly with increasing T, persisting only to similar to150 degreesC with a standard ultraviolet PES source. This strong T dependence cannot be explained quantitatively by standard SPV models. Band bending is relatively immune to pyroelectric and piezoelectric polarization but is sensitive to chemisorbed oxygen; thermal conversion of the chemisorbed layer to an "oxide" reduces the effect of the contaminant. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 12 AR 121308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.121308 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 601RH UT WOS:000178461100011 ER PT J AU Yang, CH Yang, MJ Cheng, KA Culbertson, JC AF Yang, CH Yang, MJ Cheng, KA Culbertson, JC TI Characterization of one-dimensional quantum channels in InAs/AlSb SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 2D ELECTRON-GAS; TRANSPORT; FLUCTUATIONS; CONDUCTORS; MICROSTRUCTURES; HETEROSTRUCTURES; HETEROJUNCTION; DECOHERENCE; RESISTANCE; SCATTERING AB We report on the magnetoresistance characteristics of one-dimensional electrons confined in a single InAs quantum well sandwiched between AlSb barriers. As a result of a nanofabrication scheme that utilizes a 3-nm-shallow wet chemical etching to define the electrostatic lateral confinement, the system is found to possess three important properties: specular boundary scattering, a strong lateral confinement potential, and a conducting channel width that is approximately the lithography width. Ballistic transport phenomena, including the quenching of the Hall resistance, the last Hall plateau, and a strong negative bend resistance, are observed at 4 K in cross junctions with sharp corners. In a ring geometry, we have observed Aharonov-Bohm interference that exhibits characteristics different from those of the GaAs counterpart due to the ballistic nature of electron transport and the narrowness of the conducting channel width. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 11 AR 115306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.115306 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 601RG UT WOS:000178461000052 ER PT J AU Zhuk, V Regelman, DV Gershoni, D Bayer, M Reithmaier, JP Forchel, A Knipp, PA Reinecke, TL AF Zhuk, V Regelman, DV Gershoni, D Bayer, M Reithmaier, JP Forchel, A Knipp, PA Reinecke, TL TI Near-field mapping of the electromagnetic field in confined photon geometries SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COUPLED MICRORESONATORS; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; TURNSTILE DEVICE; BAND-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL MODES; QUANTUM DOTS; MOLECULES; STATES AB We study the optical modes in resonator structures obtained by assembling microcavities with a three-dimensional confinement of light. We used scanning confocal microscopy in order to measure light emission from these structures in the near optical field. Our studies give direct and detailed insight into the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic fields of confined modes in these photonic structures. We find similarities between the spatial modes of two coupled resonators and those of a diatomic molecule, and between modes of a chain of resonators and those of a periodic molecular crystal. In particular, we show that deviations of cavity size in the chain give rise to localized photonic modes which resemble impurity states in molecular crystals. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Inst Solid State, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 14728 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhuk, V (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RI Reithmaier, Johann/G-8171-2012; OI Reithmaier, Johann/0000-0002-1974-8292; Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 11 AR 115302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.115302 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 601RG UT WOS:000178461000048 ER PT J AU Kushmerick, JG Holt, DB Pollack, SK Ratner, MA Yang, JC Schull, TL Naciri, J Moore, MH Shashidhar, R AF Kushmerick, JG Holt, DB Pollack, SK Ratner, MA Yang, JC Schull, TL Naciri, J Moore, MH Shashidhar, R TI Effect of bond-length alternation in molecular wires SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; DISTANCE DEPENDENCE; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; METAL JUNCTIONS; FREE-ENERGY; CONDUCTION; BRIDGES; TRANSPORT C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Kushmerick, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kushmerick@nrl.navy.mil; rshashidhar@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008 NR 29 TC 235 Z9 236 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 11 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 36 BP 10654 EP 10655 DI 10.1021/ja027090n PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 591GW UT WOS:000177872200012 PM 12207510 ER PT J AU Vanden Berk, DE Lee, BC Wilhite, BC Beacom, JF Lamb, DQ Annis, J Abazajian, K McKay, TA Kron, RG Kent, S Hurley, K Kehoe, R Wren, J Henden, AA York, DG Schneider, DP Adelman, J Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Csabai, I Harvanek, M Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Kleinman, AN Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, DC Neilsen, EH Newman, PR Snedden, SA Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B AF Vanden Berk, DE Lee, BC Wilhite, BC Beacom, JF Lamb, DQ Annis, J Abazajian, K McKay, TA Kron, RG Kent, S Hurley, K Kehoe, R Wren, J Henden, AA York, DG Schneider, DP Adelman, J Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Csabai, I Harvanek, M Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Kleinman, AN Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, DC Neilsen, EH Newman, PR Snedden, SA Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B TI SDSS J124602.54+011318.8: A highly luminous optical transient at z=0.385 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; gamma rays : bursts; stars : variables : other ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; TIDAL DISRUPTION; SOURCE CATALOG; LIGHT CURVES; BLACK-HOLES; AFTERGLOW; GALAXIES; EMISSION AB We report the discovery of a highly luminous optical transient (OT), SDSS J124602.54 + 011318.8, associated with a galaxy at a redshift of 0.385. In this paper, we consider the possibility that the OT may be a gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow. Three sets of images and two sets of spectra were obtained as part of the normal operations of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). In the first two image sets, observed two nights apart, the object appears as a point source at r* approximate to 17. The third image set, observed about 410 days later, shows an extended source which is more than 2.5 mags fainter. The spectra were observed about 400 and 670 days after the first two image sets, and both show an apparently normal galaxy at a redshift of 0.385. Associating the OT with the galaxy, the absolute magnitude was M(r*) = 24.8, which is over 4 mag brighter than the most luminous supernova ever measured. The spectral energy distributions of the galaxy-subtracted OT derived from the first two image sets are well-fitted by single power laws with indices of beta(nu) = 0.92 and -1.29, respectively, similar to most GRB afterglows. Based upon the luminosity of the OT, nondetections in contemporaneous ROTSE I images and the change in spectral slope, the OT, if an afterglow, was likely discovered early during a plateau or slowly fading phase. The discovery of a GRB afterglow at this stage of the SDSS is consistent with expectations, but only if the optical emission is much less strongly beamed than the gamma rays. We emphasize that other explanations for the OT cannot be ruled out; a recent follow-up study by Gal-Yam et al. (2002) provides strong evidence that this source is in fact an unusual active galactic nucleus (AGN). C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. RP Vanden Berk, DE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2002 VL 576 IS 2 BP 673 EP 678 DI 10.1086/341887 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 590EF UT WOS:000177804800006 ER PT J AU Paluch, M Pawlus, S Roland, CM AF Paluch, M Pawlus, S Roland, CM TI Pressure and temperature dependence of the alpha-relaxation in poly(methyltolylsiloxane) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID FRAGILE GLASS FORMERS; PHOTON-CORRELATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FORMING LIQUIDS; CHAIN DYNAMICS; TRANSITION; POLYISOPRENE; VISCOSITY; THERMODYNAMICS; POLYSTYRENE AB The alpha-relaxation, involving local segmental motion, of poly(methyltolylsiloxane) (PMTS) was measured using dielectric spectroscopy, over a temperature range in excess of 100 deg at pressures up to 250 MPa. The data conformed to time-temperature-pressure superpositioning, although the T-g-normalized temperature dependence of the relaxation times exhibited a weak dependence on pressure. The combined temperature and pressure dependences could be accurately described using a generalized Vogel-Fulcher expression, with the Vogel temperature having the same pressure dependence as the glass temperature. In comparing the relaxation properties of PMTS to the structurally similar poly(methylphenylsiloxane) (PMPS), we found that while their ambient pressure behaviors were equivalent, the relaxation times, T-g-scaled temperature dependence, and T-g itself for PMTS were all more sensitive to pressure. These differences are consistent with a larger activation volume for PMTS, which is indeed comprised of proportionally larger chain units than is PMPS. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 50 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 10 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 19 BP 7338 EP 7342 DI 10.1021/ma020587x PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 592FZ UT WOS:000177927200025 ER PT J AU Jernigan, GG Thompson, PE AF Jernigan, GG Thompson, PE TI Scanning tunneling microscopy of SiGe alloy surfaces grown on Si(100) by molecular beam epitaxy SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scanning tunneling microscopy; alloys; epitaxy; silicon; surface segregation; germanium; surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; surface relaxation and reconstruction ID GE SEGREGATION; STRAIN RELAXATION; THIN-FILMS; HETEROEPITAXIAL LAYERS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ISLAND FORMATION; INITIAL-STAGES; BURIED LAYER; SI(001); RECONSTRUCTION C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jernigan, GG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD SEP 10 PY 2002 VL 516 IS 1-2 BP 207 EP 215 AR PII S0039-6028(02)02027-7 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02027-7 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 594AQ UT WOS:000178027000022 ER PT J AU Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT AF Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT TI Response to "Comment on 'Efficient electrical spin injection from a magnetic metal/tunnel barrier contact into a semiconductor' " [Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 2130 (2002)] SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID POLARIZATION; FERROMAGNETS; METAL C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hanbicki, AT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 9 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 11 BP 2131 EP 2132 DI 10.1063/1.1507361 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 591DL UT WOS:000177864400067 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Paluch, M Fontanella, JJ Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Paluch, M Fontanella, JJ Roland, CM TI Investigation of the correlation between structural relaxation time and configurational entropy under high pressure in a chlorinated biphenyl SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; INTERMOLECULAR COOPERATIVITY; FRAGILITY; DYNAMICS; POLYMERS; POLYSTYRENE AB Dielectric relaxation measurements on a chlorinated biphenyl (PCB62) were carried out over a broad frequency range, with variation of both temperature and pressure. In combination with calorimetric determinations of the configurational entropy, these data could be described using the Adam-Gibbs model. Specifically, the experimental results were interpreted using a recently introduced equation for both the temperature and pressure dependencies of the structural relaxation time. The tau(T,P) data for PCB62 yielded values of the fitting parameters consistent with known physical properties of the material. A change of the dynamics was evident in isobaric measurements at atmospheric pressure, corresponding to a value of the relaxation time tau(B)similar to5x10(-5) s. A related change of dynamics was observed in isothermal experiments at varying pressures. It is noteworthy that the latter transpired at a very similar tausimilar totau(B). Moreover, the shape of the relaxation function depended only on the value of tau. We believe this is the first reported evidence of such a change of dynamics in experiments using pressure as a variable. These results suggest that this change is governed by the time scale of the relaxation, independently of any particular combination of T and P. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM casalini@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 48 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 8 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 10 BP 4901 EP 4906 DI 10.1063/1.1499484 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 586FR UT WOS:000177574400036 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Cozzens, RF AF Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Cozzens, RF TI Facile synthetic approach to functionalized 4,5-disubstituted norbornene monomers SO CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION; SODIUM-BOROHYDRIDE; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; REDUCTION; AMIDES; AMINES; NITRILES; LACTAMS AB Manipulation of a single Diels-Alder adduct employing a Ritter-type reaction affords a variety of diamido norbornene monomers. These monomers serve as excellent substrates for ring opening metathesis polymerization to afford functionalized polymers. Subsequent reduction of the amide monomers readily affords the corresponding diaminomethyl norbornenes. The functionalities reported were selected to afford maximum coordination ability, thereby facilitating the incorporation of metallic species and allowing for control of solubility by varying the N-alkyl pendant groups. C1 USN, Res Lab, Chem & Mat Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wynne, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Chem & Mat Div, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 1-5 KANDA-SURUGADAI CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-8307, JAPAN SN 0366-7022 EI 1348-0715 J9 CHEM LETT JI Chem. Lett. PD SEP 5 PY 2002 IS 9 BP 926 EP 927 DI 10.1246/cl.2002.926 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 595RZ UT WOS:000178123700028 ER PT J AU Hung, CY Spanos, G Rosenberg, RO Kral, MV AF Hung, CY Spanos, G Rosenberg, RO Kral, MV TI Three-dimensional observations of proeutectoid cementite precipitates at short isothermal transformation times SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE phase transformations; austenite; Widmanstatten cementite; three dimensional morphology; microstructure ID WIDMANSTATTEN CEMENTITE; MORPHOLOGY; PLATES AB Three-dimensional (3D) analysis techniques were used to examine a model Fe-1.34% C-13.0% Mn alloy to reveal connectivities of proeutectoid cementite precipitates whose growth was arrested at an early stage. The present results indicate that grain boundary cementite precipitates nucleate at austenite grain boundary edges and corners, then grow and spread on the grain boundary faces. No cementite precipitates were found to connect solely to austenite twin boundaries, which appear to act as barriers to precipitate growth rather than as potential nucleation sites. Cementite precipitates were all connected to austenite grain boundaries or cementite grain boundary precipitates, confirming 3D observations made earlier on a specimen transformed at a longer isothermal transformation time. Widmanstatten lath precipitates appear to emanate only from grain boundary cementite precipitates. While edges of several Widmanstatten plate precipitates were observed to intersect with areas of 'clean' austenite grain boundary, they may or may not nucleate directly on austenite grain boundaries. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Canterbury, Dept Mech Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kral, MV (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Mech Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RI Kral, Milo/C-2904-2009 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP 3 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 15 BP 3781 EP 3788 AR PII S1359-6454(02)00170-2 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00170-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 598BT UT WOS:000178255800003 ER PT J AU Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Newman, HS Mahon, R Goetz, PG Ebel, JL McGee, DJ AF Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Newman, HS Mahon, R Goetz, PG Ebel, JL McGee, DJ TI Measurement of thermal-mechanical noise in microelectromechanical systems SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SENSORS; FILTER AB We report absolute measurements of thermal-mechanical noise in microelectromechanical systems. The devices are studied with an optical microcavity technique that has a resolution on the order of tens of femtometers per root hertz. The measured noise spectrum agrees with the calculated noise level to within 25%, a discrepancy most likely due to uncertainty in the effective dynamic mass of the vibrating bridge. These measurements demonstrate that thermal-mechanical noise can be the dominant noise source in actuated microelectromechanical devices. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Drew Univ, Madison, NJ 07940 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1779 EP 1781 DI 10.1063/1.1505122 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 588AA UT WOS:000177676200010 ER PT J AU von Gutfeld, RJ Dicello, JF McAllister, SJ Ziegler, JF AF von Gutfeld, RJ Dicello, JF McAllister, SJ Ziegler, JF TI Amorphous magnetic wires for medical locator applications SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB This letter evaluates the feasibility for implanting short segments of Barkhausen wires in treatment volumes of patients requiring radiation therapy. Such locating of deep-seated sites prior to each treatment is not done routinely or is usually achieved through imaging with ionizing radiations. Present therapeutic procedures can result in substantial heterogeneities in the dose distributions or significant doses to surrounding normal tissues, resulting in poorer control of the tumors and/or increased complications. The implants make it possible to accurately locate the wire by way of re-entrant flux measurements, and hence, pinpoint the treatment volume prior to and during treatment. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 IBM Corp, Div Res, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. IBM Corp, Microelect Div, Hopewell Jct, NY 12533 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP von Gutfeld, RJ (reprint author), IBM Corp, Div Res, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Box 218, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1913 EP 1915 DI 10.1063/1.1506016 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 588AA UT WOS:000177676200055 ER PT J AU Lyanda-Geller, YB Aleiner, IL Altshuler, BL AF Lyanda-Geller, YB Aleiner, IL Altshuler, BL TI Coulomb "blockade" of nuclear spin relaxation in quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; CHARGE AB We study the mechanism of nuclear spin relaxation in quantum dots due to the electron exchange with the 2D gas. We show that the nuclear spin relaxation rate 1/T-1 is dramatically affected by the Coulomb blockade (CB) and can be controlled by gate voltage. In the case of strong spin-orbit (SO) coupling the relaxation rate is maximal in the CB valleys, whereas for the weak SO coupling the maximum of 1/T-1 is near the CB peaks. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NEC Res Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Lyanda-Geller, YB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 10 AR 107602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.107602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 586KF UT WOS:000177582600053 PM 12225227 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Andersen, OK Jepsen, O Dolgov, OV Kortus, J Golubov, AA Kuz'menko, AB van der Marel, D AF Mazin, II Andersen, OK Jepsen, O Dolgov, OV Kortus, J Golubov, AA Kuz'menko, AB van der Marel, D TI Superconductivity in MgB2: Clean or dirty? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT AB A large number of experimental facts and theoretical arguments favor a two-gap model for superconductivity in MgB2. However, this model predicts strong suppression of the critical temperature by interband impurity scattering and, presumably, a strong correlation between the critical temperature and the residual resistivity. No such correlation has been observed. We argue that this fact can be understood if the band disparity of the electronic structure is taken into account, not only in the superconducting state, but also in normal transport. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Twente, Dept Appl Phys, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. Univ Groningen, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Dolgov, Oleg/M-8120-2015; van der Marel, Dirk/G-4618-2012 OI Dolgov, Oleg/0000-0001-8997-2671; van der Marel, Dirk/0000-0001-5266-9847 NR 25 TC 291 Z9 292 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 10 AR 107002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.107002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 586KF UT WOS:000177582600042 PM 12225216 ER PT J AU Petukhov, AG Chantis, AN Demchenko, DO AF Petukhov, AG Chantis, AN Demchenko, DO TI Resonant enhancement of tunneling magnetoresistance in double-barrier magnetic heterostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; QUANTUM TRANSPORT; FERROMAGNETISM; APPROXIMATION; JUNCTIONS; HOLES AB We show that spin-dependent resonant tunneling can dramatically enhance tunneling magnetoresistance. We consider double-barrier structures comprising a semiconductor quantum well between two insulating barriers and two ferromagnetic electrodes. By tuning the width of the quantum well, the lowest resonant level can be moved into the energy interval where the density of states for minority spins is zero. This leads to a great enhancement of the magnetoresistance, which exhibits a strong maximum as a function of the quantum well width. We demonstrate that magnetoresistance exceeding 800% is achievable in GaMnAs/AlAs/GaAs/AlAs/GaMnAs double-barrier structures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Phys, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Chantis, Athanasios/0000-0001-7933-0579 NR 18 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 10 AR 107205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.107205 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 586KF UT WOS:000177582600048 PM 12225222 ER PT J AU Malvar, LJ Cline, GD Burke, DF Rollings, R Sherman, TW Greene, JL AF Malvar, LJ Cline, GD Burke, DF Rollings, R Sherman, TW Greene, JL TI Alkali-silica reaction mitigation: State of the art and recommendations SO ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE alkali-silica reaction; concrete; fly ash; silica fume; slag ID FLY-ASH; EXPANSION; CONCRETE; ADMIXTURES AB Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) mitigation techniques from various states in the United States, and from various countries and international organizations, were assessed and summarized. A set of recommended mitigation procedures was developed that requires not only the use of low-alkali cement, but replacement of part of it by Class F fly ash (or Class N pozzolan) (25 to 40% by weight), or ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), Grade 100 or 120 (40 to 50% by weight), or a combination of both. The Class F fly ash (or Class, N pozzolan) should also have a maximum of 1.5% available alkali, a maximum 6% loss on ignition, and a maximum of 8% CaO (lime). A modified ASTM C 1260 using the actual mixture is recommended for ASR testing. In addition to mitigating ASR, these recommendations are expected to: 1) reduced concrete costs; 2) enhance the durability of concrete; 3) increase fly ash and GGBFS recycling; and 4) support the 1997 Kyoto protocol by significantly reducing CO2 production. If 25% of all cement was to be replaced, total savings to the United States economy could be in excess of $1 billion every year. C1 USN, Naval Facil Engn Command, Washington, DC 20350 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, TSMCX, Washington, DC 20310 USA. USAF, Civil Engineer Support Agcy, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Malvar, LJ (reprint author), USN, Naval Facil Engn Command, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 97 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 INTERNATIONAL WAY, COUNTRY CLUB DRIVE, PO BOX 9094, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48333-9094 USA SN 0889-325X J9 ACI MATER J JI ACI Mater. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 99 IS 5 BP 480 EP 489 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 599JX UT WOS:000178332100008 ER PT J AU Flippen-Anderson, JL Deschamps, JR George, C Gilardi, RD AF Flippen-Anderson, JL Deschamps, JR George, C Gilardi, RD TI 4,4,8,8-tetranitro-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The title compound, C6H26N4O10, was synthesized as part of the Office of Naval Research Energetic Materials Research Program. When first studied in the mid-1980s, a solution was obtained which had two molecules in the asymmetric unit, one of which was severely disordered. A new look at this compound in 2002 has revealed a structure with six molecules in the asymmetric unit with no disorder. Five of the six unique molecules are essentially identical. This deceptively simple molecule presents an interesting case study to show how much data-collection hardware and software have improved since the middle-1980s. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Flippen-Anderson, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD SEP PY 2002 VL 58 BP O1018 EP O1020 DI 10.1107/S1600536802014101 PN 9 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 589AW UT WOS:000177736200043 ER PT J AU Gilardi, R Flippen-Anderson, JL Evans, R AF Gilardi, R Flippen-Anderson, JL Evans, R TI cis-2,4,6,8-tetranitro-1H,5H-2,4,6,8-tetraaza-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane, the energetic compound 'bicyclo-HMX' SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The title compound, C4H6N8O8, represents the energetic molecule commonly called 'bicyclo-HMX'. It was synthesized because it was expected to be denser than the powerful energetic material HMX, and thus exhibit improved energetic performance. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that this molecule was actually slightly less dense than HMX. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD SEP PY 2002 VL 58 BP O972 EP O974 DI 10.1107/S1600536802013582 PN 9 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 589AW UT WOS:000177736200024 ER PT J AU Gilardi, R George, C Evans, R AF Gilardi, R George, C Evans, R TI cis-2,4-dinitro-6,8-dipropionyl-1H,5H-2,4,6,8-tetra-azabicyclo[3.3.0]oct ane, a precursor of the energetic compound 'bicyclo-HMX' SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The title compound, C10H16N6O6, belongs to a family of compounds that contain the tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane ring system, and served as the precursor to the energetic material known as 'bicyclo-HMX'. Both five-membered rings have envelope conformations, with methylene C atoms displaced from the respective C2N2 planes towards the endo side of the bicyclic system by 0.466 (3) and 0.315 (4) Angstrom for the dinitro- and dipropionyl-substituted rings, respectively. The dihedral angle formed by the C2N2 planes is 118.1 (1)degrees. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD SEP PY 2002 VL 58 BP O969 EP O971 DI 10.1107/S1600536802013570 PN 9 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 589AW UT WOS:000177736200023 ER PT J AU Gilardi, R Butcher, RJ Zhang, MX AF Gilardi, R Butcher, RJ Zhang, MX TI 1,2,3,4,5,7-hexanitrocubane SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID 1,3,5,7-TETRANITROCUBANE; CHEMISTRY; CRYSTAL; CUBANES AB The hexanitrocubane structure, C8H2N6O12, reported herein, is one of the last in the series of nitrocubanes, ranging from mono- to octanitrocubane. In this molecule, the H atoms participate in short hydrogen-bonding contacts to the nitro O atoms in adjoining molecules [2.50 (1) Angstrom], thus linking molecules into a two-dimensional sheet in the bc plane. In addition, the O...O contacts in hexanitrocubane are shorter than van der Waals contact distances. The shortest of these [2.766 (3) Angstrom] involve the O atoms of one of the attached nitro groups. These contacts involve molecules in an extended two-dimensional sheet parallel to the ab plane. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD SEP PY 2002 VL 58 BP O978 EP O980 DI 10.1107/S1600536802013739 PN 9 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 589AW UT WOS:000177736200026 ER PT J AU Capozza, TA Brann, OS Coyle, WJ Schindler, WR BeMiller, TA AF Capozza, TA Brann, OS Coyle, WJ Schindler, WR BeMiller, TA TI Treatment of acute hepatitis C with pegylated interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 97 IS 9 SU S MA 573 BP S188 EP S188 DI 10.1016/S0002-9270(02)05055-4 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 597PR UT WOS:000178230400574 ER PT J AU Capozza, TA Coyle, WJ Schindler, WR AF Capozza, TA Coyle, WJ Schindler, WR TI Endoscopic ultrasound and early detection of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 97 IS 9 SU S MA 567 BP S186 EP S186 DI 10.1016/S0002-9270(02)05049-9 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 597PR UT WOS:000178230400568 ER PT J AU Hyun, CB Coyle, WJ AF Hyun, CB Coyle, WJ TI Hepatocellular carcinoma in HIV patient co-infected with hepatitis B virus: An emerging problem? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 97 IS 9 SU S MA 486 BP S161 EP S161 DI 10.1016/S0002-9270(02)04968-7 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 597PR UT WOS:000178230400487 ER PT J AU Hyun, CB Brann, OS Hassanein, TI AF Hyun, CB Brann, OS Hassanein, TI TI Pegylated intron a plus ribavirin for treatment of patients with Rebetron refractory chronic hepatitis C SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Ctr Liver, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 97 IS 9 SU S MA 312 BP S103 EP S103 DI 10.1016/S0002-9270(02)04784-6 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 597PR UT WOS:000178230400313 ER PT J AU Laras, K Van, CB Bounlu, K Tien, NTK Olson, JG Thongchanh, S Van Anh, TN Loan, HK Punjabi, N Khiem, HB An, US Insisiengmay, S Watts, DM Beecham, HJ Corwin, AL AF Laras, K Van, CB Bounlu, K Tien, NTK Olson, JG Thongchanh, S Van Anh, TN Loan, HK Punjabi, N Khiem, HB An, US Insisiengmay, S Watts, DM Beecham, HJ Corwin, AL TI The importance of leptospirosis in Southeast Asia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN-SERA; TITERS AB The importance of leptospirosis in Southeast Asia was assessed in conjunction with other studies supported by the U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2 (US NAMRU-2). Jakarta. Republic of Indonesia. These included studies of hospital-based, acute clinical jaundice in Indonesia. Lao PDR. and Socialist Republic of Vietnam: nonmalarial fever in Indonesia and hemorrhagic fever in Cambodia. Background prevalence estimates of leptospiral infection were obtained by a cross-sectional, community-based study in Lao PDR. Laboratory testing methods involved serology, microscopic agglutination test. and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Suggestive evidence of recent leptospiral infections was detected in 17%, 13%, and 3% of patients selected on the basis of non-hepatitis A through E jaundice. nonmalarial fever. and hemorrhagic fever (in the absence of acute. dengue viral infections). Leptospiral IgG antibody, reflective of prior infections. was detected in 37% of human sera, collected in Lao PDR. The predominant leptospiral serogroups identified from cases with clinical jaundice were Hurstbridge, Bataviae, and leterohaemorrhagiae tonkini LT 96 69. Among the nonmalarial febrile cases, Bataviae was the most frequently recognized serogroup. Pyrogenes and Hurstbridge were the principal serogroups among the hemorrhagic fever case subjects. These findings further attest to the relative importance of clinical leptospirosis in Southeast Asia. The wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms associated with probable. acute, leptospiral infections contributes to the potential of significant underreporting. C1 US NAMRU 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Inst Pasteur, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. US NAMRU 2, NIPH, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Ctr Natl Lab & Epidemiol, Vientaina, Laos. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Corwin, AL (reprint author), US NAMRU 2, Jl Percetakan Negara 29,Komplexs P2M,PLP LITBANGK, Jakarta, Indonesia. EM corwinal@namru2.med.navy.mil NR 25 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 67 IS 3 BP 278 EP 286 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 604QW UT WOS:000178633400011 PM 12408667 ER PT J AU Kelso, JM AF Kelso, JM TI Recurrence of allergic rhinitis, previously alleviated with allergen immunotherapy, after autologous bone marrow transplant SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SERUM IGE LEVELS; ATOPY AB Background: Several associations between immunoglobulin E and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) have been reported. Objective: A patient whose allergic rhinitis (AR) resolved after allergen immunotherapy (AIT) but recurred after the patient received an autologous BMT is reported. Methods: Allergy skin tests were performed before AIT began and after 4 years of therapy. Skin tests were repeated after a recurrence of symptoms 6 years later after an autologous BMT for breast cancer. Results: Six years of AIT led to a near complete resolution of AR symptoms. Skin tests showed a marked reduction in reactivity to allergens in the AIT. After an additional 6-year symptom-free interval off AIT, symptoms returned after the BMT. Repeat skin tests showed a marked increase in reactivity. Conclusions: Patients reconstituting their immune systems after autologous BMT may have a recurrence of AR previously suppressed with AIT. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Internal Med, Div Allergy, San Diego, CA USA. RP Kelso, JM (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Clin Invest Dept KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM jmkelso@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 89 IS 3 BP 316 EP 318 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 595MH UT WOS:000178113000016 PM 12269654 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Boyer, CN Holland, GE Weaver, JL AF Seely, JF Boyer, CN Holland, GE Weaver, JL TI X-ray absolute calibration of the time response of a silicon photodiode SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION AB The time-dependent response of a 1-mm(2) silicon photodiode was characterized by use of pulsed synchrotron radiation in the 4- to 16-nm-wavelength range. Modeling the input radiation pulse and the electrical response of the photodiode allowed the photodiode's capacitance as a function of wavelength and applied bias voltage to be determined. The capacitance was in the 7- to 19-pF range and resulted in response fall times as small as 0.4 ns. The capacitance determined by pulsed x-ray illumination was in good agreement with the capacitance determined by pulsed optical laser illumination. The absolute responsivity was measured by comparison with the responsivity of a calibrated photodiode. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Space Res Associates, Washington, DC 20024 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7674,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 25 BP 5209 EP 5217 DI 10.1364/AO.41.005209 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 588JR UT WOS:000177698800001 PM 12211544 ER PT J AU Kulp, TJ Bisson, SE Bambha, RP Reichardt, TA Goers, UB Aniolek, KW Kliner, DAV Richman, BA Armstrong, KM Sommers, R Schmitt, R Powers, PE Levi, O Pinguet, T Fejer, M Koplow, JP Goldberg, L Mcrae, TG AF Kulp, TJ Bisson, SE Bambha, RP Reichardt, TA Goers, UB Aniolek, KW Kliner, DAV Richman, BA Armstrong, KM Sommers, R Schmitt, R Powers, PE Levi, O Pinguet, T Fejer, M Koplow, JP Goldberg, L Mcrae, TG TI The application of quasi-phase-matched parametric light sources to practical infrared chemical sensing systems SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID POLED LITHIUM-NIOBATE; DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION; QUANTUM CASCADE LASERS; CONTINUOUS-WAVE; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; DIODE-LASER; SINGLE-FREQUENCY; REPETITION-RATE; OSCILLATOR; AMPLIFIER AB Quasi-phase-matched (QPM) materials allow the generation of spectroscopically useful infrared radiation in an efficient and broadly tunable format. Here, we describe several applications of. QPM-based light sources to remote and local chemical sensing. The remote systems are gas imagers that employ a fiber-pumped continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator or a microlaser-pumped, diode-seeded optical parametric amplifier as the illumination source. Technology described for local sensing includes a cavity ring down spectrometer. that employs a novel optical parametric generator-amplifier to achieve greater than or equal to 350 cm(-1) of contiguous tuning and a long-wave infrared light source based on QPM GaAs. In each case the use of QPM materials in conjunction with effective pump sources instills simplicity and ruggedness into the sensing systems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Stanford Univ, El Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Laser Imaging Syst, Punta Gorda, FL 33983 USA. RP Kulp, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 55 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 75 IS 2-3 BP 317 EP 327 DI 10.1007/s00340-002-0978-5 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 609PJ UT WOS:000178913900021 ER PT J AU Hanson, VD AF Hanson, VD TI Forum (Author's response to a book-review by Steven J. Willett of 'Carnage and Culture') SO ARION-A JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND THE CLASSICS LA English DT Letter C1 Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hanson, VD (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOSTON UNIV PI BOSTON PA ARION-JNL OF HUMANITIES CLASS 745 COMMONWEALTH AVE SUBSCRIPTION DEPT, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 0095-5809 J9 ARION JI Arion-J. Humanit. Class. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 10 IS 2 BP 145 EP 157 PG 13 WC Classics SC Classics GA 610RP UT WOS:000178974800009 ER PT J AU McCray, L AF McCray, L TI The warrior elite: The forging of SEAL class 228. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP McCray, L (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA RUTGERS UNIV, DEPT 8010, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1 BP 150 EP 152 DI 10.1177/0095327X0202900109 PG 3 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 631QF UT WOS:000180177900009 ER PT J AU Meehan, RT Yelverton, C Stacheli, C Ollivier, J Eads, J Lettrel, M Koffi, SK AF Meehan, RT Yelverton, C Stacheli, C Ollivier, J Eads, J Lettrel, M Koffi, SK TI Low incidence of RA among native West African villagers in Togo, Africa. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/37th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Natl Jewish Med Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. USN Reserve, Minneapolis, MN USA. Forces Armees Togolaises, Lome, Togo. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP S543 EP S543 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 600ZN UT WOS:000178421801481 ER PT J AU Adams, JD Stauffer, JR Skrutskie, MF Monet, DG Portegies Zwart, S Janes, KA Beichman, CA AF Adams, JD Stauffer, JR Skrutskie, MF Monet, DG Portegies Zwart, S Janes, KA Beichman, CA TI Structure of the Praesepe star cluster SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; open clusters and associations : individual (Praesepe); stars : activity; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID LOW-MASS STARS; PROPER MOTION MEMBERSHIP; MAIN-SEQUENCE; FAINT MEMBERS; BROWN DWARFS; PLEIADES; HYADES; EVOLUTION; SEARCH; 2MASS AB We have used the Two Micron All Sky Survey and Palomar Observatory Sky Survey photographic plates, digitized by the US Naval Observatory's Precision Measuring Machine program, to derive proper motions over a 100 square degree, spatially complete region centered on the Praesepe open cluster. Proper-motion measurements spanned the magnitude range R similar to 12-19, which covers most of the lower main sequence in Praesepe. The incidence of H emission from moderate-resolution (similar to2600), red spectroscopy of 434 faint candidate members and 126 field control stars demonstrates that similar to60%-80% of candidates within 2degrees of the cluster center are genuine Praesepe members. Spectral index ratios from TiO and CaH absorption features show a well-defined sequence with J magnitude for high-probability candidates, relative to that of field stars. The inferred membership data have allowed us to estimate Praesepe's mass function and general projected structure for stars with mass 0.1-1.0 M-circle dot. The mass function, when fitted with a power law of the form dN/dm alpha m(-alpha), rises ( alpha approximate to 1.6) from 1.0 to 0. 4 M-circle dot, where it distinctly becomes at (alpha approximate to 0) down to 0.1 M-circle dot. The mass function also exhibits a marginal ( 1) radial dependence, which, when compared with recent N-body simulations, suggests that the core is depleted of low-mass stars. The outer halo of Praesepe is diffuse and shows a slightly elliptical shape among the highest probability members. We place an upper limit on the surface density of escaped members at 2.2 stars deg(-2) outside the limiting radius. C1 Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. CALTECH, SIRTF Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Sect Computat Sci, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Adams, JD (reprint author), Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM jdadams@bu.edu; stauffer@ipac.caltech.edu; mfs4n@virginia.edu; dgm@nofs.navy.mil; spz@science.uva.nl; janes@hyades.bu.edu; chas@pop.jpl.nasa.gov NR 59 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 124 IS 3 BP 1570 EP 1584 DI 10.1086/342016 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 586ND UT WOS:000177589300021 ER PT J AU Margon, B Anderson, SF Harris, HC Strauss, MA Knapp, GR Fan, XH Schneider, DP Berk, DEV Schlegel, DJ Deutsch, EW Ivezic, Z Hall, PB Williams, BF Davidsen, AF Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Hayes, JJE Hennessy, G Kinney, EK Kleinman, SJ Lamb, DQ Long, D Neilsen, EH Nichol, R Nitta, A Snedden, SA York, DG AF Margon, B Anderson, SF Harris, HC Strauss, MA Knapp, GR Fan, XH Schneider, DP Berk, DEV Schlegel, DJ Deutsch, EW Ivezic, Z Hall, PB Williams, BF Davidsen, AF Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Hayes, JJE Hennessy, G Kinney, EK Kleinman, SJ Lamb, DQ Long, D Neilsen, EH Nichol, R Nitta, A Snedden, SA York, DG TI Faint high-latitude carbon stars discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Methods and initial results SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; stars : carbon; stars : statistics; surveys ID DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY; HIGH GALACTIC LATITUDE; EARLY DATA RELEASE; APM SURVEY; MILKY-WAY; DRACO; HALO; SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEM; SEARCH AB We report the discovery of 39 faint high-latitude carbon stars (FHLCs) from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) commissioning data. The objects, each selected photometrically and verified spectroscopically, range over 16.6 < r* < 20.0 and show a diversity of temperatures as judged by both colors and NaD line strengths. Although a handful of these stars were previously known, these objects are, in general, too faint and too warm to be effectively identified in other modern surveys such as the Two Micron All Sky Survey, nor are their red/near-IR colors particularly distinctive. The implied surface density of FHLCs in this magnitude range is uncertain at this preliminary stage of the survey because of completeness corrections but is clearly greater than 0.05 deg(-2). At the completion of the Sloan survey, there will be many hundred homogeneously selected and observed FHLCs in this sample. We present proper-motion measures for each object, indicating that the sample is a mixture of extremely distant (greater than 100 kpc) halo giant stars, useful for constraining halo dynamics, and members of the recently recognized exotic class of very nearby dwarf carbon (dC) stars. The broadband colors of the two populations are indistinguishable. Motions, and thus dC classification, are inferred for 40%-50% of the sample, depending on the level of statistical significance invoked. The new list of dC stars presented here, although selected from only a small fraction of the final SDSS, doubles the number of such objects found by all previous methods. The observed kinematics suggest that the dwarfs occupy distinct halo and disk populations. The coolest FHLCs with detectable proper motions in our sample also display multiple CaH bands in their spectra. It may be that CaH is another long-sought, low-resolution, spectroscopic luminosity discriminant between dC's and distant faint giants, at least for the cooler stars. C1 Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. RP Margon, B (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 76 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 124 IS 3 BP 1651 EP 1669 DI 10.1086/342284 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 586ND UT WOS:000177589300027 ER PT J AU Juric, M Ivezic, Z Lupton, RH Quinn, T Tabachnik, S Fan, XH Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Knapp, GR Munn, JA Pier, JR Rockosi, CM Schneider, DP Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Fukugita, M AF Juric, M Ivezic, Z Lupton, RH Quinn, T Tabachnik, S Fan, XH Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Knapp, GR Munn, JA Pier, JR Rockosi, CM Schneider, DP Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Fukugita, M TI Comparison of positions and magnitudes of asteroids observed in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey with those predicted for known asteroids SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE minor planets, asteroids; solar system : general ID SYSTEM; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; OBJECTS AB We positionally correlate known asteroids with a sample of similar to18,000 asteroids detected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We find 2641 unique matches, which represent the largest sample of asteroids with both accurate multicolor photometry and known orbital parameters. The matched objects are predominantly bright and demonstrate that the SDSS photometric pipeline recovers similar to90% of the known asteroids in the observed region. For the recovered asteroids, we find a large offset (similar to0.4 mag) between Johnson V magnitudes derived from SDSS photometry and the predicted magnitudes. This offset varies with the asteroid color, from 0.34 mag for blue asteroids to 0.44 mag for red asteroids, and is probably caused by the use of unfiltered CCD observations in the majority of recent asteroid surveys. This systematic photometric error leads to an overestimate of the number of asteroids brighter than a given absolute magnitude limit by a factor of similar to1.7. The distribution of the matched asteroids in orbital parameter space indicates strong color segregation. We confirm that some families are dominated by a single asteroid type (e.g., the Koronis family by red asteroids and the Themis family by blue asteroids), while others appear to be a mixture of blue and red objects (e.g., the Nysa-Polana family). Asteroids with the bluest i*-z* colors, which can be associated with the Vesta family, show particularly striking localization in orbital parameter space. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Zagreb, Dept Phys, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. Visnjan Observ, HR-52463 Visnjan, Croatia. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Juric, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 25 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 124 IS 3 BP 1776 EP 1787 DI 10.1086/341950 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 586ND UT WOS:000177589300035 ER PT J AU Strauss, MA Weinberg, DH Lupton, RH Narayanan, VK Annis, J Bernardi, M Blanton, M Burles, S Connolly, AJ Dalcanton, J Doi, M Eisenstein, D Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Ivezic, Z Kent, S Kim, RSJ Knapp, GR Kron, RG Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Nichol, RC Okamura, S Quinn, TR Richmond, MW Schlegel, DJ Shimasaku, K SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Berk, DV Vogeley, MS Yanny, B Yasuda, N York, DG Zehavi, I AF Strauss, MA Weinberg, DH Lupton, RH Narayanan, VK Annis, J Bernardi, M Blanton, M Burles, S Connolly, AJ Dalcanton, J Doi, M Eisenstein, D Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Ivezic, Z Kent, S Kim, RSJ Knapp, GR Kron, RG Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Nichol, RC Okamura, S Quinn, TR Richmond, MW Schlegel, DJ Shimasaku, K SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Berk, DV Vogeley, MS Yanny, B Yasuda, N York, DG Zehavi, I TI Spectroscopic target selection in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: The main galaxy sample SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : photometry; surveys ID SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; REDSHIFT SURVEYS; NUMBER; 2DF AB We describe the algorithm that selects the main sample of galaxies for spectroscopy in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) from the photometric data obtained by the imaging survey. Galaxy photometric properties are measured using the Petrosian magnitude system, which measures flux in apertures determined by the shape of the surface brightness profile. The metric aperture used is essentially independent of cosmological surface brightness dimming, foreground extinction, sky brightness, and the galaxy central surface brightness. The main galaxy sample consists of galaxies with r-band Petrosian magnitudes r less than or equal to 17.77 and r-band Petrosian half-light surface brightnesses mu(50) less than or equal to 24.5 mag arcsec(-2). These cuts select about 90 galaxy targets per square degree, with a median redshift of 0.104. We carry out a number of tests to show that (1) our star-galaxy separation criterion is effective at eliminating nearly all stellar contamination while removing almost no genuine galaxies, (2) the fraction of galaxies eliminated by our surface brightness cut is very small (similar to0.1%), (3) the completeness of the sample is high, exceeding 99%, and (4) the reproducibility of target selection based on repeated imaging scans is consistent with the expected random photometric errors. The main cause of incompleteness is blending with saturated stars, which becomes more significant for brighter, larger galaxies. The SDSS spectra are of high enough signal-to-noise ratio (S/N > 4 per pixel) that essentially all targeted galaxies (99.9%) yield a reliable redshift (i.e., with statistical error less than 30 km s(-1)). About 6% of galaxies that satisfy the selection criteria are not observed because they have a companion closer than the 55" minimum separation of spectroscopic fibers, but these galaxies can be accounted for in statistical analyses of clustering or galaxy properties. The uniformity and completeness of the galaxy sample make it ideal for studies of large-scale structure and the characteristics of the galaxy population in the local universe. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Astron Inst, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1810033, Japan. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1810033, Japan. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Strauss, MA (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011 NR 42 TC 1167 Z9 1176 U1 1 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 124 IS 3 BP 1810 EP 1824 DI 10.1086/342343 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 586ND UT WOS:000177589300037 ER PT J AU Turolla, R Zane, S Titarchuk, L AF Turolla, R Zane, S Titarchuk, L TI Power-law tails from dynamical comptonization in converging flows SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; radiative transfer ID NEAR-CRITICAL ACCRETION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; HIGH-ENERGY SPECTRA; X-RAY-EMISSION; BLACK-HOLES; NEUTRON-STARS; BULK-MOTION; FLUID-FLOW; INTRINSIC SIGNATURE; SPHERICAL FLOWS AB The effects of bulk motion Comptonization on the spectral formation in a converging flow onto a black hole are investigated. The problem is tackled by means of both a fully relativistic, angle-dependent transfer code and a semianalytical, diffusion approximation method. We find that a power-law high-energy tail is a ubiquitous feature in converging flows and that the two approaches produce consistent results at large enough accretion rates when photon diffusion holds. Our semianalytical approach is based on an expansion in eigenfunctions of the diffusion equation. Contrary to previous investigations based on the same method, we find that although the power-law tail at extremely large energies is always dominated by the flatter spectral mode, the slope of the hard X-ray portion of the spectrum is dictated by the second mode and it approaches Gamma = 3 at large accretion rates, irrespective of the model parameters. The photon index in the tail is found to be largely independent on the spatial distribution of soft seed photons when the accretion rate is either quite low (less than or similar to5 in Eddington units) or sufficiently high (greater than or similar to10). On the other hand, the spatial distribution of source photons controls the photon index at intermediate accretion rates, when Gamma switches from the first to the second mode. Our analysis confirms that a hard tail with photon index Gamma < 3 is produced by the upscattering of primary photons onto infalling electrons if the central object is a black hole. C1 Univ Padua, Dept Phys, I-35131 Padua, Italy. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Turolla, R (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Phys, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM turolla@pd.infn.it; sz@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; lev@xip.nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 576 IS 1 BP 349 EP 356 DI 10.1086/341631 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 586NB UT WOS:000177589100030 ER PT J AU Harding, AK Strickman, MS Gwinn, C Dodson, R Moffet, D McCulloch, P AF Harding, AK Strickman, MS Gwinn, C Dodson, R Moffet, D McCulloch, P TI The multicomponent nature of the Vela pulsar nonthermal X-ray spectrum SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars : individual (PSR B0833-45); X-rays : stars ID POLAR-CAP CASCADES; GAMMA-RAY; OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE; PHOTOMETRY; RADIATION; EMISSION AB We report on our analysis of a 274 ks observation of the Vela pulsar with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). The double-peaked, pulsed emission at 2-30 keV, which we had previously detected during a 93 ks observation, is confirmed with much-improved statistics. There is now clear evidence, in both the spectrum and the light curve, that the emission in the RXTE band is a blend of two separate nonthermal components. The spectrum of the harder component connects smoothly with the OSSE, COMPTEL, and EGRET spectra, and the peaks in the light curve are in phase coincidence with those of the high-energy light curve. The spectrum of the softer component is consistent with an extrapolation to the pulsed optical flux, and the second RXTE pulse is in phase coincidence with the second optical peak. In addition, we see a peak in the 2-8 keV RXTE pulse pro le at the radio phase. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Harding, AK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM harding@twinkie.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012 NR 20 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 576 IS 1 BP 376 EP 380 DI 10.1086/341732 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 586NB UT WOS:000177589100033 ER PT J AU Makarov, VV AF Makarov, VV TI The rate of visual binaries among the brightest X-ray stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : visual; X-rays : stars ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; FORMING REGIONS; OPEN CLUSTER; MULTIPLICITY; HYADES; KINEMATICS; CATALOG AB Using the Tycho Double Star Catalogue and the Hipparcos Catalogue, I compare the rates of occurrence of resolved visual doubles among the brightest X-ray stars from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey Bright Source Catalog (RASS-BSC) and generally in these two catalogs. A strong correlation between visual binarity and brightness in X-rays is found. The rate of binarity, quantified as the fraction of resolved components, is 7 times higher for the RASS-BSC stars than generally for all Tycho-2 stars. In order to eliminate the distance bias in the sample, I compare the rates in a distance-limited sample of Hipparcos stars within 50 pc. The comparison has shown that the fraction of visual and unresolved orbiting binaries among stars with counterparts in the RASS-BSC, hence bright in X-rays, is 2.4 times higher than among fainter X-ray stars, i.e., the ones whose X-ray brightness is below the limit of the RASS-BSC. This difference is not caused by the enhancement of the observed flux due to the combined component's radiation. Previously found in the nearby open clusters, the correlation between binarity and X-ray luminosity exists for nearby field stars as well. Possible implications of the discrepancy are discussed, including the binarity-age and binarity-rotation velocity relations. The H-R diagram of components of nearby visual binaries indicates that the red clump giants luminous in X-rays may be unresolved binaries. C1 Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20024 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Makarov, VV (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, 300 D St SW,Suite 801, Washington, DC 20024 USA. OI Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 576 IS 1 BP L61 EP L64 DI 10.1086/343088 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 586NC UT WOS:000177589200015 ER PT J AU Titarchuk, L Cui, W Wood, K AF Titarchuk, L Cui, W Wood, K TI Why is it difficult to detect a millisecond pulsar in neutron star X-ray binaries? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; pulsars : individual (SAX J1808.4-3658); stars : neutron X; rays : stars ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATION; PULSATIONS; COMPTONIZATION; SEARCHES AB We explain why it is possible to detect directly X-ray emission from near the surface of the neutron star (NS) in SAX J1808.4-3658 but not in most other low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), with the exception that emission from the surface can be seen during burst events. We show that the X-ray emission from SAX J1808.4-3658 mostly originates in the Comptonization process in a relatively optically thin hot region (with an optical depth tau(0) around 4 and temperature around 20 keV). Such a transparent region does not prevent us from detecting coherent X-ray pulsation due to hot spots on the NS surface. We give a precise model for the loss of modulation: such suppression of the quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) amplitude due to scattering can explain the disappearance of kilohertz QPOs with increasing QPO frequency. We also formulate general conditions under which the millisecond X-ray pulsation can be detected in LMXBs. We demonstrate that the observed soft phase lag of the pulsed emission is a result of the downscattering of the hard X-ray photons in the relatively cold material near the NS surface. In the framework of this downscattering model, we propose a method to determine the atmosphere density in that region from soft-lag measurements. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Titarchuk, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. OI Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772 NR 28 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 576 IS 1 BP L49 EP L52 DI 10.1086/343099 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 586NC UT WOS:000177589200012 ER PT J AU Prakash, KRC Tang, Y Kozikowski, AP Flippen-Anderson, JL Knoblach, SM Faden, AI AF Prakash, KRC Tang, Y Kozikowski, AP Flippen-Anderson, JL Knoblach, SM Faden, AI TI Synthesis and biological activity of novel neuroprotective diketopiperazines SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THYROTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; CELL-DEATH; TRH; CULTURES; GLYCINE; RAT; ALKYLATION; RECOVERY; CALCIUM AB The cyclic dipeptide cyclo[His-Pro] (CHP) is synthesized endogenously de novo and as a breakdown product of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). a tripeptide with known neuroprotective activity. We synthesized two isomeric compounds based on the structure of CHP, in which the histidine residue was replaced by 3.5-di-tert-butyltyrosine (DBT), a phenolic amino acid that traps reactive oxygen species. These novel diketopiperazines prevented neuronal death in an in vitro model of traumatic injury. In addition, they dose-dependent prevented death caused by the direct induction of free radicals, and by calcium mobilization through an agent that evokes rapid. necrotic death. The drugs showed activity in the latter system at picomolar concentrations. The neuroprotective profile of these compounds suggests that they may be useful as treatments for neuronal degeneration in potentially through several different mechanisms. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Drug Discovery Program, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Kozikowski, AP (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Drug Discovery Program, Dept Neurol, 3900 Reservoir Rd,NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 35 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 10 IS 9 BP 3043 EP 3048 AR PII S0968-0896(02)00132-3 DI 10.1016/S0968-0896(02)00132-3 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 584TL UT WOS:000177484800026 PM 12110327 ER PT J AU Golden, JP Ligler, FS AF Golden, JP Ligler, FS TI A comparison of imaging methods for use in an array biosensor SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE CMOS; CCD; florescence; biosensor; array sensor ID ANALYTES AB An array biosensor has been developed which uses an actively-cooled, charge-coupled device (CCD) imager. In an effort to save money and space, a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera and photodiode were tested as replacements for the cooled CCD imager. Different concentrations of CY5 fluorescent dye in glycerol were imaged using the three different detection systems with the same imaging optics. Signal discrimination above noise was compared for each of the three systems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Golden, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 17 IS 9 BP 719 EP 725 AR PII S0956-5663(02)00060-X DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(02)00060-X PG 7 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 592CQ UT WOS:000177919500001 PM 12191919 ER PT J AU Ringeisen, BR Wu, PK Kim, H Pique, A Auyeung, RYC Young, HD Chrisey, DB Krizman, DB AF Ringeisen, BR Wu, PK Kim, H Pique, A Auyeung, RYC Young, HD Chrisey, DB Krizman, DB TI Picoliter-scale protein microarrays by laser direct write SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; ANTIBODY ARRAYS; DNA MICROARRAYS; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; CANCER; IMMUNOASSAY; MICROSCOPY; TECHNOLOGY AB We demonstrate the accurate picoliter-scale dispensing of active proteins using a novel laser transfer technique. Droplets of protein solution are dispensed onto functionalized glass slides and into plastic microwells, activating as small as 50-mum diameter areas on these surfaces. Protein microarrays fabricated by laser transfer were assayed using standard fluorescent labeling techniques to demonstrate successful protein and antigen binding. These results indicate that laser transfer does not damage the active site of the dispensed protein and that this technique can be used to successfully fabricate a functioning protein microarray. Also, as a result of the efficient nature of the process, material usage is reduced by two to four orders of magnitude compared to conventional pin dispensing methods for protein spotting. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6372,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1126 EP 1129 DI 10.1021/bp015516g PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 602RL UT WOS:000178518200028 PM 12363367 ER PT J AU McBride, WM AF McBride, WM TI Building the trident network: A study of the enrollment of people, knowledge, and machines. SO BUSINESS HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McBride, WM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PI BOSTON PA BUSINESS HISTORY REVIEW, 60 HARVARD WAY, BOSTON, MA 02163 USA SN 0007-6805 J9 BUS HIST REV JI Bus. Hist. Rev. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 76 IS 3 BP 633 EP 635 DI 10.2307/4127827 PG 3 WC Business; History Of Social Sciences SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 613AE UT WOS:000179107200032 ER PT J AU Brognard, J Dennis, PA AF Brognard, J Dennis, PA TI Variable apoptotic response of NSCLC cells to inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway by small molecules or dominant negative mutants SO CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION LA English DT Article DE ERK; kinase; apoptosis; chemotherapy; lung cancer ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; SIGNALING PATHWAY; CANCER; IDENTIFICATION; SURVIVAL; BLOCKADE; RECEPTOR; RAS; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2; PHOSPHORYLATION AB To evaluate the role of the MEK/ERK pathway in NSCLC survival, we analyzed NSCLC cell lines that differed in tumor histology and status of p53, Rb, and K-ras. Constitutive ERK1/2 activity was demonstrated in 17 of 19 cell lines by maintenance of ERK1/2 phosphorylation with serum deprivation. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 correlated with phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and p90RSK, but was inversely correlated with phosphorylation of c-Raf at S259. With serum deprivation, the MEK inhibitors, PD98059 and U0126, inhibited ERK1/2 activity but did not increase apoptosis. PD98059 and U0126 induced cell cycle arrest in G(o)/G(i) in cells with the highest levels of ERK1/2 activity, which correlated with induction of p27 but not p21. To confirm the cytostatic response to MEK inhibitors, we performed transient transfections with dominant negative forms of MEK or ERK. Surprisingly, dominant negative MEK and ERK mutants increased apoptosis without affecting cell cycle or p27 levels. When combined with paclitaxel, MEK inhibitors had no effect on apoptosis. In contrast, dominant negative ERK2 potentiated paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Our studies show that constitutive ERK1/2 activity in NSCLC cells promotes cellular survival and chemotherapeutic resistance. Moreover, our data are the first to demonstrate divergent cellular responses to inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway by small molecule inhibitors or dominant negative mutants. C1 USN Med Oncol, NCI, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Canc Therapeut Branch, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Dennis, PA (reprint author), USN Med Oncol, NCI, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bldg 8,Rm 5101,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 33 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1350-9047 J9 CELL DEATH DIFFER JI Cell Death Differ. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 9 IS 9 BP 893 EP 904 DI 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401054 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 586KN UT WOS:000177583300005 PM 12181740 ER PT J AU Gilman, JW Awad, WH Davis, RD Shields, J Harris, RH Davis, C Morgan, AB Sutto, TE Callahan, J Trulove, PC DeLong, HC AF Gilman, JW Awad, WH Davis, RD Shields, J Harris, RH Davis, C Morgan, AB Sutto, TE Callahan, J Trulove, PC DeLong, HC TI Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites from thermally stable trialkylimidazolium-treated montmorillonite SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; IONIC LIQUIDS; POLYMER; STABILITY; FLAMMABILITY; DISPERSION AB The limited thermal stability of alkylammonium cations intercalated into smectite minerals (e.g., montmorillonite, MMT) and the processing instability of some polymers [polyamide-6 (PA-6) and polystyrene (PS)] in the presence of nanodispersed MMT have motivated the development of improved organophillic treatments for layered silicates. Success in this regard should enable the preparation of polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites from thermoplastic polymers that require high melt-processing temperatures or long residence times under high shear and from thermoset resins with high cure temperatures. Our efforts to address some of these issues focus on the use of new thermally stable imidazolium-treated layered silicates for the preparation of nanocomposites. Several trialkylimidazolium salt derivatives were prepared with propyl, butyl, decyl, and hexadecyl alkyl chains attached to the imidazolium through one of the nitrogens. These imidazolium salts were used to prepare the corresponding treated layered silicates. We report here that the use of 1-alkyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium salts to replace the sodium in natural MMT gives organophillic MMT with a 100 degreesC improvement in thermal stability (in N-2) as compared to the alkylammonium-treated MMT. The use of 1-alkyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium salt in fluorinated synthetic mica (FSM) also gives a 100 degreesC improvement in thermal stability. The use of 1,2-dimetliyl-3-hexadecylimidazolium-treated MMT gives an exfoliated PA-6 nanocomposite and, depending on processing conditions, either a partially exfoliated or an intercalated polystyrene nanocomposite. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Morgan, Alexander/A-9672-2009 NR 38 TC 232 Z9 240 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 14 IS 9 BP 3776 EP 3785 DI 10.1021/cm011532x PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 595VH UT WOS:000178128900023 ER PT J AU Timmer, SJ Karamzadeh, AM Yung, GL Kriett, J Jamieson, SW Smith, CM AF Timmer, SJ Karamzadeh, AM Yung, GL Kriett, J Jamieson, SW Smith, CM TI Predicting survival of lung transplantation candidates with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia - Does Pao(2) predict survival? SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE interstitial lung disease; lung transplantation ID PULMONARY FIBROSIS; THERAPY AB Objective: To find a parameter that would discriminate between the patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia who survived to undergo transplantation and those who died while waiting to undergo transplantation. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all lung transplant referrals for idiopathic interstitial pneumonia that were listed with United Network for Organ Sharing at the University of California San Diego from January 1990 to February 1999. Of the 331 patients who were listed, 48 met the eligibility criteria. Patient demographics, radiographic studies, pathology reports, and the results of resting and exercise cardiopulmonary function tests were recorded from each patient's chart. Patients were divided into the following two groups: those patients who survived until transplantation and those still waiting were classified as "alive"; and those patients who died before undergoing transplantation were classified as "deceased." Results: Forty-three of 48 patients had a pathologic diagnosis. The cohort included 25 patients with usual interstitial pneumonitis, 3 patients with nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis, 1 patient with desquamative interstitial pneumonitis, and 14 patients with interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. The only significant difference between the two groups was resting Pao(2) (p = 0.035). A stepwise multivariate analysis demonstrated that Pao(2) and FEV1/FVC ratio were significantly associated with survival (hazards ratio, 1.06; confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.13; p = 0.019). Conclusions: A survival analysis using Pao(2) and FEV1/FVC ratio values proved to be statistically significant, but a prospective trial is needed to determine the clinical relevance of these parameters for predicting survival in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm Med, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Coll Med, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Surg, Div Cardiothorac Surg, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Timmer, SJ (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm Med, 6000 W Highway 98, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD SEP PY 2002 VL 122 IS 3 BP 779 EP 784 DI 10.1378/chest.122.3.779 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 593KK UT WOS:000177990300008 PM 12226013 ER PT J AU DeCredico, MA AF DeCredico, MA TI Northern naval superiority and the economics of the American Civil War SO CIVIL WAR HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP DeCredico, MA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KENT STATE UNIV PRESS PI KENT PA C/O JOURNALS DEPT, KENT, OH 44242 USA SN 0009-8078 J9 CIVIL WAR HIST JI Civil War Hist. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 48 IS 3 BP 264 EP 265 DI 10.1353/cwh.2002.0033 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 597TJ UT WOS:000178236600010 ER PT J AU Levant, RF Sammons, MT AF Levant, RF Sammons, MT TI Toward evidence-based training and practice in psychopharmacology: Of Cassandras, canards, and the dog in the night-time SO CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE nonphysician health care providers; patient safety; physician training; prescribing psychologists; psychopharmacology demonstration project ID NONPHYSICIAN CLINICIAN; MATCHING PROGRAM; CARE; PHYSICIANS; OUTCOMES; IMPACT; PSYCHOLOGISTS; PSYCHIATRISTS; PHARMACIST; SUPPORT AB Robiner et al.'s thesis is a "Cassandra argument," used by physician advocacy groups for decades in trying to push back the ever-increasing number of nonphysician health care providers (NPHCPs). In contrast, we put forth the view that no one really knows what kind of training produces a safe and effective prescriber of psychotropics. Medical education does not, as demonstrated by physician outcomes in general and in the prescription of psychotropics. Nonmedical training appears to do no worse than medical training and may in fact do better, as indicated by data bearing on outcomes with NPHCPs and with the Department of Defense Psychopharmacology Demonstration Project. C1 Nova SE Univ, Ctr Psychol Studies, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. USN, Med Clin, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Levant, RF (reprint author), Nova SE Univ, Ctr Psychol Studies, 3301 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0969-5893 J9 CLIN PSYCHOL-SCI PR JI Clin. Psychol.-Sci. Pract. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.1093/clipsy/9.3.259 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 584MT UT WOS:000177470900004 ER PT J AU Wornom, SF Allard, R Hsu, YL AF Wornom, SF Allard, R Hsu, YL TI An MPI quasi time-accurate approach for nearshore wave prediction using the SWAN code - Part II: Applications to wave hindcasts SO COASTAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MPI; parallel computing; quasi time-accurate; SWAN; nearshore wave modeling AB This study compares the quasi time-accurate method in Part I: Method, with the time-accurate version of SWAN for a simulation of 1995 Hurricane Luis and a Gulf of Mexico storm that occurred in September 2000. Using the quasi time-accurate method, significant reductions in wall times were achieved relative to time-accurate computations. Examination of the error norms show that the quasi time-accurate method agrees well with the time-accurate results. Thus, the MPI quasi time-accurate method, because of its efficiency, can play an important role for cases where the time-dependent forcing terms are the dominant influence on wave conditions. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Coastal & Semienclosed Seas Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wornom, SF (reprint author), 1 Cours Fragonard, F-06560 Sophia Antipolis, France. OI Allard, Richard/0000-0002-6066-2722 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0578-5634 J9 COAST ENG J JI Coast Eng. J. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 44 IS 3 BP 257 EP 280 DI 10.1142/S0578563402000536 PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 593GM UT WOS:000177982700004 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Wilson, CL Spargo, BJ AF Arfsten, DP Wilson, CL Spargo, BJ TI Radio frequency chaff: The effects of its use in training on the environment SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Review DE literature review; RF chaff; environment; environmental fate; environmental persistence; environmental concentrations; human health; livestock health; wildlife ID ALUMINUM; WORKERS; RATS; ACCUMULATION; EXCRETION; RETENTION; EXPOSURE; DISEASE; FIBERS; ASTHMA AB Chaff is a radiofrequency countermeasure released by military aircraft, ships, and vehicles to confuse enemy radar. Chaff consists of aluminum-coated glass fibers ranging in lengths from 0.8 to 0.75 cm and is released in packets of 0.5 to 100 million fibers. The Department of Defense has determined that use of chaff in training is required for maintaining proficiency in the use of this countermeasure. At least 500 tons of chaff is released annually during training within selected military operating areas in the United States. Concerns have been raised about impact on the environment and its potential toxicity to humans, livestock, and wildlife. Many of these concerns have been addressed or are being researched by the Department of Defense and other agencies, tout much of the data are unpublished. Herein, the authors summarize the issues and review scientific data for the impact of chaff use on humans, animals, and the environment. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Navy Environm & Prevent Med Unit 2, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. RP Spargo, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6115, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 53 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1006/eesa.2002.2197 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 593FF UT WOS:000177979800001 PM 12481850 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Zhou, SB Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Zhou, SB Sun, FR Wu, C TI Preliminary design optimization of a steam generator SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE steam generator; design optimization; weight minimization AB In the present work, a procedure for preliminary design optimization of a steam generator has been developed with the objective of minimizing the weight of the generator, Some real engineering constraints are considered in the problem formulation. A method of evaluating the objective function and constraints of the problem is presented. The problem has been solved numerically by using the exterior SUMT in which the Powell unconstrained minimization technique improved by Sargent with the parabolic interpolation method of one-dimensional minimization, is employed. The results of the optimum design and a sensitivity analysis conducted about the optimum point have been reported. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 43 IS 13 BP 1651 EP 1661 AR PII S0196-8904(01)00117-0 DI 10.1016/S0196-8904(01)00117-0 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 556LJ UT WOS:000175850600004 ER PT J AU Collins, GE Morris, RE Wei, JF Smith, M Hammond, MH Michelet, V Winkler, JD Serino, PM Guo, Y AF Collins, GE Morris, RE Wei, JF Smith, M Hammond, MH Michelet, V Winkler, JD Serino, PM Guo, Y TI Spectrophotometric detection of trace copper levels in jet fuel SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article AB To sensitively and selectively monitor jet fuel for trace levels of copper, two spirobenzopyran dyes, quinolinospiropyranindoline (QSP) and nitrospiropyranindoline (NQSP), have been investigated for their application in a spectrophotometric method that is amenable to rapid, on-site detection of mug/L levels of copper in jet fuel. Both NQSP and QSP respond sensitively to various metal ions in jet fuel, including copper, nickel, and zinc, with NQSP demonstrating the best performance in terms of selectivity of spectral response and sensitivity. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the spectral data, and the individual contributions to the absorption spectra by copper, nickel, and zinc in JP-5 fuel can be readily separated using this technique. The effect of metal deactivating additives (MDA) in jet fuel on the sensitivity of NQSP for copper was investigated. Silica-bound diethylenetriamine was investigated as an effective solid-phase extraction agent for defining the baseline absorbance of NQSP in jet fuel samples being analyzed by standard addition methodologies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. So Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. ENSCP, Organ Synth Lab, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Def Energy Support Ctr, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6116, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI MICHELET, Veronique/A-5601-2009 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1054 EP 1058 DI 10.1021/ef010271a PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 595RG UT WOS:000178122100007 ER PT J AU Crain, DS Roberts, JL Amling, CL AF Crain, DS Roberts, JL Amling, CL TI Practice patterns in vasectomy reversal surgery: Results of a questionnaire study among practicing urologists. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 12-17, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Soc Reproduct Med C1 USN, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 78 IS 3 SU 1 MA P166 BP S171 EP S171 DI 10.1016/S0015-0282(02)03849-9 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 597UP UT WOS:000178239400464 ER PT J AU Prasad, K Patnaik, G Kailasanath, K AF Prasad, K Patnaik, G Kailasanath, K TI A numerical study of water-mist suppression of large scale compartment fires SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE compartment fires; water-mist suppression; mathematical modeling ID LIQUID POOL FIRES; FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT; FIELD MODELING TECHNIQUE; SPRINKLER INTERACTION; SIMULATION; EXTENSION AB The focus of this paper is on simulating water mist suppression of fires in large enclosures. A two-continuum formulation is used in which the gas phase and the water-mist are both described by equations of the Eulerian form. The water-mist model is coupled with previously developed codes based on the multi- block Chimera technique for simulating fires. Computations are performed to understand the various physical processes that occur during the interaction of water-mist and fires in large enclosures. Droplet sectional density contours and velocity vectors are used to track the movement of water-mist and to identify the regions of the fire compartment where the droplets evaporate and absorb energy. Parametric studies are performed to optimize various water-mist injection characteristics for maximum suppression, The effects of droplet diameter, mist injection velocity, injection density, nozzle locations and injection orientation on mist entrainment and flame suppression are quantified. Numerical results indicate that for similar injection parameters such as mist injection density, injection velocity and droplet diameter, the time for suppression was smallest for the top injection configuration. Water-mist injection through the side walls, the front and rear walls and through the floor were found to be less efficient than the top injection configuration. These results are compared with our earlier predictions on water-mist suppression of small scale methanol pool fires and other experimental studies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8663,Polymers Bldg 224,Room B258, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kuldeep.prasad@nist.gov NR 32 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 EI 1873-7226 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 37 IS 6 BP 569 EP 589 AR PII S0379-7112(02)00004-8 DI 10.1016/S0379-7112(02)00004-8 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 563GU UT WOS:000176248600003 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Li, RF You, XB AF Chu, PC Li, RF You, XB TI Northwest Pacific subtropical countercurrent on isopycnal surface in summer SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUB-TROPICAL FRONT; VARIABILITY AB [1] A three-dimensional absolute velocity field on the isopycnal surface in the northwest Pacific subtropical region in the summer is calculated from the Navy's Generalized Digital Environmental Model (GDEM) climatological temperature and salinity data on a 0.5degrees x 0.5degrees grid using the P-vector method. GDEM for the area was built from historical (1930-1997) temperature and salinity profiles. The basic current system, consisting of North Equatorial Current, Kuroshio and its recirculation, Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC), is identified. STCC occurs from the surface to the level of sigma(theta) = 25.8 between 18degreesN and 23.5degreesN, with a maximum velocity around 0.1 m/s. At sigma(theta) = 23.5, STCC originates east of Luzon Strait at around 122.5degreesE and meanders eastward. As sigma(theta) increases, its origin shifts toward northeast. Comparison between velocity and potential vorticity fields leads to the conclusion that the STCC core is above the southern boundary of the subtropical mode water. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 17 AR 1842 DI 10.1029/2002GL014831 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 635KF UT WOS:000180397500023 ER PT J AU Epstein, JE Gorak, EJ Charoenvit, Y Wang, RB Freydberg, N Osinowo, O Richie, TL Stoltz, EL Trespalacios, F Nerges, J Ng, J Fallarme-Majam, V Abot, E Goh, L Parker, S Kumar, S Hedstrom, RC Norman, J Stout, R Hoffman, SL AF Epstein, JE Gorak, EJ Charoenvit, Y Wang, RB Freydberg, N Osinowo, O Richie, TL Stoltz, EL Trespalacios, F Nerges, J Ng, J Fallarme-Majam, V Abot, E Goh, L Parker, S Kumar, S Hedstrom, RC Norman, J Stout, R Hoffman, SL TI Safety, tolerability, and lack of antibody responses after administration of a PfCSP DNA malaria vaccine via needle or needle-free jet injection, and comparison of intramuscular and combination intramuscular/intradermal routes SO HUMAN GENE THERAPY LA English DT Article ID PLASMID DNA; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; AOTUS MONKEYS; VIRUS; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION; INDUCTION AB Introduction of a new vaccine requires choosing a delivery system that provides safe administration and the desired level of immunogenicity. The safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of three monthly 2.5-mg doses of a PfCSP DNA vaccine were evaluated in healthy volunteers as administered intramuscularly (IM) by needle, IM by jet injection (Biojector(R)) or IM/intradermally (ID) by jet injection. Vaccine administration was well-tolerated. Adverse events were primarily mild and limited to the site of injection (98%). Jet injections (either IM or ID) were associated with approximately twice as many adverse events per immunization as needle IM, but nevertheless were strongly and consistently preferred in opinion polls taken during the study. No volunteers had clinically significant biochemical or hematologic changes or detectable anti-dsDNA antibodies. In conclusion, the injection of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (PfCSP) DNA vaccine appeared to be safe and well-tolerated when administered by any of the three modes of delivery. However, despite improved antibody responses following both jet injection and ID delivery in animal models, no antibodies could be detected in volunteers by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after DNA vaccination. C1 USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Clin Studies, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USN, US Dept Def, Bone Marrow Donor Program, Med Res Ctr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Vical Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Bioject Inc, Portland, OR 97224 USA. RP Epstein, JE (reprint author), USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Room 3W34, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011; OI Denham, Nicole/0000-0002-4618-7144 NR 57 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1043-0342 J9 HUM GENE THER JI Hum. Gene Ther. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 13 IS 13 BP 1551 EP 1560 DI 10.1089/10430340260201644 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 588YX UT WOS:000177730800002 PM 12228010 ER PT J AU Julier, S Baillot, Y Brown, D Lanzagorta, M AF Julier, S Baillot, Y Brown, D Lanzagorta, M TI Information filtering for mobile augmented reality SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 ITT Adv Engn Syst, USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Julier, S (reprint author), ITT Adv Engn Syst, USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM julier@ait.nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 13 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 EI 1558-1756 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 22 IS 5 BP 12 EP 15 DI 10.1109/MCG.2002.1028721 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 585QR UT WOS:000177536500003 ER PT J AU Kildishev, AV Nyenhuis, JA Morgan, MA AF Kildishev, AV Nyenhuis, JA Morgan, MA TI Multipole analysis of an elongated magnetic source by a cylindrical sensor array SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (Intermag Europe 2002) CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE magnetic multipole; magnetic sensor array; magnetic silencing; spheroidal harmonics AB This paper covers basics of the magnetic characterization of an elongated source. The core element of the work is to obtain a magnetic multipole image (MI) of the magnetic source in terms of the prolate spheroidal harmonic expansion, where the MI encapsulates all the main features of the external field of the source. A method for the prolate spheroidal multipole analysis of a magnetic source enclosed within a cylindrical measurement surface is developed. The spheroidal harmonic coefficients of the MI are restored from measurements of the x component of the magnetic field (B-x) over a finite cylindrical array. The general form of B-x is expressed as a prolate spheroidal harmonic expansion. The harmonics (field patterns) of the expansion are classified by their symmetries about the axis of rotation and about the yz plane. The sets of linear independent patterns of unit intensity are calculated for all multipoles with a given type of symmetry. The sets of filtering K functions are developed, where the K functions are orthonormal to the field patterns of same symmetry. The expansion coefficients, which represent the multipole image of the source, are determined by matrix multiplication of the measured B-x and the K functions. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kildishev, AV (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. OI Kildishev, Alexander/0000-0002-8382-8422 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 2465 EP 2467 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.803602 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 608VE UT WOS:000178867200194 ER PT J AU Cheng, SF Das, BN Wun-Fogle, M Lubitz, P Clark, AE AF Cheng, SF Das, BN Wun-Fogle, M Lubitz, P Clark, AE TI Structure of melt-spun Fe-Ga-based magnetostrictive alloys SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (Intermag Europe 2002) CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE Fe-Ga; magnetostriction; melt-spun; texture ID RIBBONS AB Fe1-xGax (x = 0.17, 0.21, 0.25 and 0.3) alloys were rapidly quenched by the melt-spinning technique to determine the maximumGa concentration that retains the disordered bcc (alpha-Fe) phase at room temperature. The texture of the ribbons as a function of melt-spinning parameters and annealing was also extensively studied. All of the as-spun samples were found to be crystalline. For x = 0.17, only the disordered bcc phase was found and for x = 0.25 and 0.3, primarily DO3 phase was found, while for x = 0.21, the phase is bcc at high wheel speed and DO3 at low speed. For the free side of the as-spun ribbons, the easy growth axis (100) of alpha-Fe or of DO3 tilts about 10degrees to 20degrees from the ribbon normal and (011) is along the ribbon length. This texture does not change significantly with wheel speed. The texture on the wheel side of the ribbon is close to random at high speed but increases with slower speed. For Fe83Ga17, 900 degreesC annealing reduces the tilt angle while 1100 degreesC annealing recrystallizes the grains and produces strong (100) out of plane texture but randomizes the directionality in the plane. Annealing with sulfur addition was found to enhance the [100] texture but did not produce the desired (100) along the longitudinal direction of the ribbon. The saturation magnetostriction, lambda(s) of as-spun Fe79Ga21 and Fe83Ga17 both having a disordered bcc structure and strong (100)(011) texture was measured as 98 and 130 ppm, respectively, along the ribbon length. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Cheng, SF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 2838 EP 2840 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.802470 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 608VE UT WOS:000178867200312 ER PT J AU Willard, MA Claassen, JC Stroud, RM Francavilla, TL Harris, VG AF Willard, MA Claassen, JC Stroud, RM Francavilla, TL Harris, VG TI (Ni,Fe,Co)-based nanocrystalline soft magnets with near-zero magnetostriction SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (Intermag Europe 2002) CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE exchange-coupled nanostructures; nanocrystalline; soft magnetic material; zero magnetostriction ID B ALLOYS; CRYSTALLIZATION AB Nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials have been developed possessing a wide variety of compositions designed to reduce losses and a high saturation induction. Nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys with compositions (Fe1-x-yCoxNiy)(89-z)Zr7B4Cuz were prepared by the isothermal annealing of melt-spun ribbons. The ribbon samples were characterized by the following techniques: differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Several alloys have been shown to have near-zero magnetostriction. alloy design, synthesis, and properties of these alloys will be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Willard, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 3045 EP 3050 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.802435 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 608VE UT WOS:000178867200378 ER PT J AU Azimi-Sadjadi, MR Yao, D Jamshidi, AA Dobeck, GJ AF Azimi-Sadjadi, MR Yao, D Jamshidi, AA Dobeck, GJ TI Underwater target classification in changing environments using an adaptive feature mapping SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE adaptive classification; feature mapping; in situ learning; neural networks; underwater target classification ID MODEL; BAT AB A new adaptive underwater target classification system to cope with environmental changes in acoustic backscattered data from targets and nontargets is introduced in this paper. The core of the system is the adaptive feature mapping that minimizes the classification error rate of the classifier. The goal is to map the feature vector in such a way that the mapped version remains invariant to the environmental, changes. A K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) system is used as a memory to provide the closest matches of an unknown pattern in the feature space. The classification decision is done by a backpropagation neural network (BPNN). Two different cost functions for adaptation are defined. These two cost functions,are then combined together to improve the classification performance. The test results on a 40-kHz linear FM acoustic backscattered data set collected from six different objects are presented. These results. demonstrate the effectiveness of the adaptive system versus nonadaptive system when the signal-to-reverberation ratio (SRR) in the environment is varying. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, NSWC, Signal Image Proc, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Azimi-Sadjadi, MR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1045-9227 J9 IEEE T NEURAL NETWOR JI IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1099 EP 1111 AR PII S1045-9227(02)05566-2 DI 10.1109/TNN.2002.1031942 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 593LL UT WOS:000177992800008 PM 18244507 ER PT J AU Kordon, F Luqi AF Kordon, F Luqi TI An introduction to rapid system prototyping SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material DE software engineering; prototyping; development methodology AB The implementation and maintenance of industrial applications have continuously become more and more difficult. In this context, one problem is the evaluation of complex systems. The IEEE defines Prototyping as a development approach promoting the implementation of a pilot version of the intended product. This approach is a potential solution to the early evaluation of a system. It can also be used to avoid the shift between the description/specification of a system and its implementation. This brief introduction to the special section on Rapid System Prototyping illustrates a current picture of Prototyping. C1 Univ Paris 06, Dept Comp Sci, F-75252 Paris 05, France. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kordon, F (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Dept Comp Sci, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0098-5589 J9 IEEE T SOFTWARE ENG JI IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 28 IS 9 BP 817 EP 821 DI 10.1109/TSE.2002.1033222 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 590EL UT WOS:000177805300001 ER PT J AU Fischer, RP Fliflet, AW AF Fischer, RP Fliflet, AW TI Design and cold tests of asymmetric quasioptical resonators SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES LA English DT Article DE asymmetric quasioptical resonators; diffraction losses; cold tests; scalar diffraction theory AB This paper presents the design and test of asymmetric quasioptical resonators for gyrotron applications, where most of the diffraction output coupling comes from the smaller of two mirrors. A computer code based on scalar diffraction theory is used to calculate the resonator losses and the electric field near the mirrors. Resonators with mirror separations approaching confocal have reduced side lobes in the diffraction patterns, which should allow for better power transmission and focusing. Cold tests have been performed at 94 and 141 GHz to measure the quality factor of the asymmetric resonators as a function of mirror separation and mirror misalignment. Typical resonator parameters include 65 cm mirror separation, 1-3% output coupling and 85% of the losses from the small mirror. A half-symmetric resonator with one flat and one curved mirror has also been investigated. The calculated values of Q are in reasonably good agreement with the cold test measurements. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fischer, RP (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9271 J9 INT J INFRARED MILLI JI Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves PD SEP PY 2002 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1297 EP 1313 AR UNSP 0195-9271/02/0900-1297/0 DI 10.1023/A:1020241423981 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 593HA UT WOS:000177983900003 ER PT J AU Chen, HC Liu, TJ Huang, ET AF Chen, HC Liu, TJ Huang, ET TI Time-domain simulation of large-amplitude ship roll motions by a chimera RANS method SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2001) CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL STAVANGER, NORWAY SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers, Canadian Assoc Petroleum Producers, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Korea Comm Ocean Resources & Engn, Canadian Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Chinese Soc Ocean Engineers, Chinese Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Chinese Soc Theoret & Appl Mech, Russian Acad Sci, Singapore Struct Steel Soc, Norwegian Petroleum Soc, Inst Engineers Australia, Kansai Soc Naval Architects, IRO, Tech Res Ctr Finland, Soc Mat Sci, Offshore Engn Soc, Ukraine Soc Mech Engineers, IFREMER, Scott Polar Res Inst, Inst Engineers Indones, Brazilian Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Korean Soc Civil Engineers DE ship roll motion; free decay simulation; incident waves; turbulent flow; Navier-Stokes equations; chimera domain decomposition ID FLOWS AB A Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) numerical method has been employed in conjunction with a chimera domain decomposition approach for time-domain simulation of large-amplitude ship roll motions. For the simulation of arbitrary roll motions, it is convenient to construct body-fitted numerical grids for the ship and ambient flow domain separately. The ship grid block is allowed to roll with respect to its center of rotation under either forced or free roll conditions. The roll moments are computed at every time-step by a direct integration of the hull surface pressure and shear stresses obtained from the chimera RANS method. The simulations for prescribed roll motions of a full-scale motor vessel clearly show that the bilge keels at mid-ship produced large roll damping but generated very small waves. On the other hand, the ship skag acted as a wavemaker during the roll motion and produced large wakes in the stern region. Time-domain simulations were also performed for a free-floating pontoon barge in free decay motions and under large-amplitude incident waves. The simulation results successfully predicted the roll resonance when the incident wave coincides with the natural roll period (free decay period) of the barge. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Chen, HC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SOC OFFSHORE POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1053-5381 J9 INT J OFFSHORE POLAR JI Int. J. Offshore Polar Eng. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 12 IS 3 BP 206 EP 212 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 592UX UT WOS:000177956200008 ER PT J AU van Keuren, D AF van Keuren, D TI Rickover: The struggle for excellence. SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP van Keuren, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD SEP PY 2002 VL 93 IS 3 BP 537 EP 538 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 626HP UT WOS:000179866000094 ER PT J AU Tuncer, IH Platzer, MF AF Tuncer, IH Platzer, MF TI Computational investigation of flow through a louvered inlet configuration SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 19th Applied Aerodynamics Conference CY JUN 11-14, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP AIAA C1 Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aero Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tuncer, IH (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 BP 903 EP 906 DI 10.2514/2.3016 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 603NK UT WOS:000178565800025 ER PT J AU Trump, CL Marmorino, GO AF Trump, CL Marmorino, GO TI Spatial processing of range-bin ADCP data to resolve small-scale frontal features SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIVER PLUME; SURFACE AB A new approach is proposed for the processing of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data that has the potential to better resolve the structure of small-scale dynamical features such as strongly convergent current fronts. The essence of this approach is to assign each range bin of radial velocity and backscatter data an x, y, and z position, and then to spatially average the bin data relative to the feature of interest. The approach is illustrated by an analysis of surface-towed ADCP data collected across the Connecticut River plume front. Results using an across-front averaging length of 5 m show that the frontal morphology and circulation (gravity-current head structure, shallow inflow layer, strong sinking motion) are consistently resolved, while 1-m averaging appears additionally to resolve flow instabilities occurring along the frontal interface. Other possible applications are briefly discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trump, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7250, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1461 EP 1468 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<1461:SPORBA>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 588RT UT WOS:000177715000018 ER PT J AU Braun, T Schubert, A Kostoff, RN AF Braun, T Schubert, A Kostoff, RN TI A chemistry field in search of applications statistical analysis of US fullerene patents SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB The paper is examining the U.S. patenting activity on the application of fullerenes and shows that despite some pessimistic manifestations in this respect in the current literature there are many promising approaches regarding the pragmatic aspects of this field of chemistry. C1 Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Inorgan & Analyt Chem, H-1443 Budapest, Hungary. Hungarian Acad Sci, ISSRU, Budapest, Hungary. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Braun, T (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Inorgan & Analyt Chem, POB 123, H-1443 Budapest, Hungary. EM hl533bra@ella.hu RI Schubert, Andras/H-8045-2015 OI Schubert, Andras/0000-0001-8348-1775 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1011 EP 1015 DI 10.1021/ci0200117 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA 597ZX UT WOS:000178251600004 PM 12376988 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Santangelo, PG Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Santangelo, PG Roland, CM TI Dynamics of aroclor and its modification by dissolved polystyrene SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; ALPHA-RELAXATION; SOLVENT DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; BETA-RELAXATION; MIXTURES; POLYBUTADIENE AB Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, dielectric spectroscopy, and viscosity measurements were carried out on Aroclor 1254 (PCB54), a chlorinated biphenyl. The temperature dependences of both the dielectric relaxation times and the viscosity depart from a single Vogel-Fulcher behavior, at a temperature, T-B, equal to 294 K. The ratio of this characteristic temperature to T-g(=246 K) is close to that found previously for other Aroclors, having different chlorine levels. The shapes of the dielectric and mechanical relaxation functions were equivalent, yielding a value for the Kohlrausch stretch exponent equal to 0.62(5) at T-g. However, the relaxation times for the dielectric modulus were substantially larger than the viscosity and mechanical relaxation times. The respective temperature dependences of the viscosity and the dielectric relaxation times, although similar, deviated from the Debye-Stokes relation with decreasing temperature. The temperature associated with this deviation is somewhat higher than T-B, and coincides with the temperature at which the relaxation function approaches Debye behavior. These phenomena all reflect the alleviation at high temperature of intermolecular constraints on the dynamics. The addition of high molecular weight polystyrene (PS-90k) to the PCB54 had an almost negligible effect on the dielectric relaxation times, notwithstanding that the polystyrene's glass temperature is 130 degrees higher than T-g for PCB54. The PS-90k exerted a more significant effect on the mechanical relaxation times of the PCB54. However, the modification of the Aroclor dynamics is still orders of magnitude less than the effect of the dissolved PS-90k on the relaxation times of an oligomeric PS (PS-o). This low molecular weight PS has a T-g identical to that of the PCB54. The dramatic difference between the effect of added polymer on the dynamics of Aroclor versus PS-o can be ascribed to differences in their capacity for intermolecular coupling with the PS-90k solute. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 9 BP 4585 EP 4590 DI 10.1063/1.1497637 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 583YL UT WOS:000177439300052 ER PT J AU Ismail, TF Smits, H Wasfy, MO Malone, JL Fadeel, MA Mahoney, F AF Ismail, TF Smits, H Wasfy, MO Malone, JL Fadeel, MA Mahoney, F TI Evaluation of dipstick serologic tests for diagnosis of brucellosis and typhoid fever in Egypt SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SERODIAGNOSIS; ANTIBODIES; ASSAY AB Two dipstick assays for the detection of Brucella- and typhoid-specific immunoglobulin M, recently developed by the Royal Tropical Institute of The Netherlands, were evaluated by use of 85 plasma samples from Egyptian patients. Both dipsticks were simple and accurate rapid diagnostic assays, and they can be useful adjuncts for the diagnosis of typhoid fever and brucellosis. C1 US Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Royal Trop Inst, Dept Biomed Res, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ismail, TF (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit3, Cairo PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. OI Malone, Joseph/0000-0002-5515-6171 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 40 IS 9 BP 3509 EP 3511 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.9.3509-3511.2002 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 590NX UT WOS:000177829900067 PM 12202606 ER PT J AU Keen, TR AF Keen, TR TI Waves and currents during a winter cold front in the Mississippi bight, Gulf of Mexico: Implications for barrier island erosion SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coastal erosion; cold fronts; barrier islands; numerical models; Mississippi bight; Gulf of Mexico ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODEL; US EAST-COAST; UNITED-STATES; LOUISIANA; IMPACT; STORM; REGIONS; PASSAGE AB This study uses numerical models to predict waves and currents in the Mississippi bight, Gulf of Mexico, for the period 4 to 7 March 1997, during which time a cold front passed over the region. The models are validated using observations from the area. The simulated waves and currents are used to infer littoral transport paths along the soundside of the barrier islands fronting Mississippi Sound and Chandeleur Sound. Predicted waves along the soundside of the barriers reach heights of 0.9 m with wave periods less than 4 s. These steep waves are important for eroding the soundside of the barrier islands. Currents near the barrier islands within Mississippi Sound are dominated by tidal flow. Consequently, shoreface transport within this estuary is sensitive to the tidal stage as well as wind direction and strength. Wave-driven littoral transport cells within Mississippi Sound are inferred to have been eastward during the frontal passage phase and westward as the wind became northeasterly during the post-frontal phase. This result suggests that sediment eroded from the barrier islands was continuously transported into tidal inlets. The model results also suggest that a southward wave-driven longshore drift cell was established along the soundside margin of the Chandeleur Island chain, with spillover onto the Gulf side of the southern islands. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Keen, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 73 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 622 EP 636 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 618JJ UT WOS:000179414700004 ER PT J AU Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A AF Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A TI Circuit-switched "network capacity" under QoS constraints SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE communication network; performance evaluation; optimization; throughput; circuit-switched; quality of service (Qos) AB Usually the network-throughput maximization problem for constant-bit-rate (CBR) circuit-switched traffic is posed for a fixed offered load profile. Then choices of routes and of admission control policies are sought to achieve maximum throughput (usually under QoS constraints). However, similarly to the notion of channel "capacity," it is also of interest to determine the "network capacity;" i.e., for a given network we would like to know the maximum throughput it can deliver (again subject to specified QoS constraints) if the appropriate traffic load is supplied. Thus, in addition to determining routes and admission controls, we would like to specify the vector of offered loads between each source/destination pair that "achieves capacity." Since the combined problem of choosing all three parameters (i.e., offered load, admission control, and routing) is too complex to address, we consider here only the optimal determination of offered load for given routing and admission control policies. We provide an off-line algorithm, which is based on Lagrangian techniques that perform robustly in this rigorously formulated nonlinear optimization problem with nonlinear constraints. We demonstrate that significant improvement is obtained, as compared with simple uniform loading schemes, and that fairness mechanisms can be incorporated with little loss in overall throughput. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wieselthier, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wieselthier@itd.nrl.navy.mil; nguyen@itd.nrl.navy.mil; tony@eng.umd.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN INST COMMUNICATIONS SCIENCES (K I C S) PI SEOUL PA HYUNDAI KIRIM OFFICETEL 1504-6 SEOCHODONG 1330-18, SEOCHOKU, SEOUL 137-070, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-2370 J9 J COMMUN NETW-S KOR JI J. Commun. Netw. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 4 IS 3 BP 230 EP 245 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 608CJ UT WOS:000178827300008 ER PT J AU Smith, KB AF Smith, KB TI Computing the influence of Doppler due to source/receiver motion in a parabolic equation model SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article DE parabolic equation; Doppler; source motion AB A numerical method for computing the influence of Doppler due to source/receiver platform motion in a parabolic equation model is introduced. Both source/receiver speeds and angles of motion in the vertical plane are included in the specification of the motion. By necessity, it is shown that the source function must be defined in the vertical wavenumber domain. Furthermore, the source amplitude spectrum must be defined prior to the calculation, in contrast to previous implementations which would allow for application of variable spectra in post-processing. Examples axe given for simple environments demonstrating the expected influence of Doppler due-to source motion. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Smith, KB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Code PH-Sk, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-396X J9 J COMPUT ACOUST JI J. Comput. Acoust. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 10 IS 3 BP 295 EP 309 DI 10.1142/S0218396X02001711 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Acoustics; Mathematics GA 614WR UT WOS:000179214900002 ER PT J AU Fureby, C Grinstein, FF AF Fureby, C Grinstein, FF TI Large Eddy simulation of high-Reynolds-number free and wall-bounded flows SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT CHANNEL FLOW; PIECEWISE PARABOLIC METHOD; SUBGRID-SCALE MODELS; SHEAR FLOWS; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; COHERENT STRUCTURES; STRESS MODELS; VORTEX; DYNAMICS; JETS AB The ability to simulate complex unsteady flows is limited by the current state of the art of subgrid-scale (SGS) modeling, which invariably relies on the use of Smagorinsky-type isotropic eddy-viscosity models. Turbulent flows of practical importance involve inherently three-dimensional unsteady features, often subjected to strong inhomogeneous effects and rapid deformation, which cannot be captured by isotropic models. Although some available improved SGS models can outperform the isotropic eddy-viscosity models, their practical use is typically limited because of their complexity. Development of more-sophisticated SGS models is actively pursued, and it is desirable to also investigate alternative nonconventional approaches. In ordinary large eddy simulation (LES) approaches models are introduced for closure of the low-pass filtered Navier-Stokes equations (NSE). A promising LES approach is the monotonically integrated LES (MILES), which involves solving the unfiltered NSE using high-resolution monotone algorithms; in this approach, implicit SGS models, provided by intrinsic nonlinear high-frequency filters built into the convection discretization, are coupled naturally to the resolvable scales of the flow. Formal properties of the effective SGS modeling using MILES are documented using databases of simulated free and wall-bounded inhomogeneous flows, including isotropic decaying turbulence, transitional jets, and channel flows. Mathematical and physical aspects of (implicit) SGS modeling through the use of nonlinear flux limiters are addressed using a formalism based on the modified LES equations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 FOI, Swedish Def Res Agcy, Weapons & Protect Div, S-17290 Sundbyberg, Sweden. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP FOI, Swedish Def Res Agcy, Weapons & Protect Div, S-17290 Sundbyberg, Sweden. EM grinstei@lcp.nrl.navy.mil RI Wei, Jianjian/F-7788-2011 OI Wei, Jianjian/0000-0001-8859-8462 NR 76 TC 134 Z9 136 U1 1 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 181 IS 1 BP 68 EP 97 DI 10.1006/jcph.2002.7119 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 593GN UT WOS:000177982800004 ER PT J AU Hisnanick, JJ AF Hisnanick, JJ TI Knowledge emergence: Social, technical, and evolutionary dimensions of knowledge creation SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ISSUES LA English DT Book Review C1 US Bur Census, Washington, DC 20233 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hisnanick, JJ (reprint author), US Bur Census, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV TENNESSEE, KNOXVILLE, DEPT OF ECONOMICS, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996-0550 USA SN 0021-3624 J9 J ECON ISSUES JI J. Econ. Issues PD SEP PY 2002 VL 36 IS 3 BP 819 EP 821 PG 3 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 593TM UT WOS:000178009500016 ER PT J AU Magar, VS Hartzell, K Burton, C Gibbs, JT Macchiarella, TL AF Magar, VS Hartzell, K Burton, C Gibbs, JT Macchiarella, TL TI Aerobic and cometabolic MTBE biodegradation at Novato and Port Hueneme SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE aerobic processes; propane; degradation; groundwater; California; water treatment ID BUTYL ETHER; METHYL AB Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a gasoline oxygenate additive, is present in groundwater aquifers at the Department of Defense Housing Facility, Novato, Calif. (Novato), and the Naval Base Ventura County, Port Hueneme, Calif. (Port Hueneme). A microcosm study was conducted to examine and compare the potential for and performance of aerobic, anaerobic, and aerobic cometabolic MTBE biodegradation processes using soils and groundwater collected from the Novato and Port Hueneme sites. Propane and butane were tested as the cometabolic growth substrates. Nitrogen requirements were tested by preparing microcosms with and without nitrate as a nitrogen source. The results of this study demonstrated the potential for aerobic MTBE biodegradation and mineralization at both sites. In the commingled, or upgradient, portion of the Novato plume, nitrate enhanced aerobic MTBE biodegradation; in the absence of nitrate or under anaerobic conditions, MTBE degradation was insignificant. Downgradient, where the groundwater was impacted only by MTBE, the MTBE was readily degraded with and without nitrate addition and without other external nutrient amendments. Mineralization studies showed that MTBE was mineralized at both sites, with maximum recoveries approaching 80% of the radiolabeled carbon added to the microcosms. In the downgradient, MTBE-only portions of both sites, the addition of propane and butane to stimulate cometabolic MTBE degradation provided negligible improvement over direct oxidation under aerobic conditions. Furthermore, when nitrate was not present, propane and butane were not degraded and the residual propane and butane in the bottles appeared to inhibit the MTBE degradation; this inhibition was most pronounced in the Port Hueneme microcosms where MTBE degradation all but ceased in the presence of residual propane and butane. In the upgradient, commingled Novato plume, propane plus nitrate-fed microcosms outperformed the aerobic, nitrate-fed microcosms; this was the only condition where cometabolism enhanced MTBE degradation over direct aerobic oxidation. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USN, Facil Engn Command, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Magar, VS (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2002 VL 128 IS 9 BP 883 EP 890 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:9(883) PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 585HM UT WOS:000177519400017 ER PT J AU Gibbs, JT Williamson, TKJ Naber, SJ Macchiarella, TL AF Gibbs, JT Williamson, TKJ Naber, SJ Macchiarella, TL TI Multiple methods for determining stability of attenuating MTBE groundwater plume SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE risk management; attenuation; biodegradation; heterogeneity; ground water AB A gasoline release site at the Dept. of Defense Housing Facility (DODHF) in Novato, Calif., resulted in dissolved methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) in a shallow, thin, heterogeneous aquifer. Multiple methods were used to evaluate the stability of the MTBE plume, including concentration versus time plots, isoconcentration contour maps, total dissolved MTBE mass and center of mass (COM) estimates, total plume extent changes, and parametric and nonparametric statistical techniques. The COM evaluation revealed a small upgradient shift in COM relative to both total plume extent and total MTBE mass reduction over the period examined. The total mass removal received substantial contributions from both the southern and northern portions of the plume, and the only removal mechanisms active in the northern plume were natural attenuation mechanisms. The results indicate that there exists at DODHF Novato a dissolved MTBE plume at the approximate balancing point between groundwater advection, which is carrying MTBE downgradient, and natural attenuation processes including aerobic biodegradation, which are reducing MTBE concentrations at about the same rate. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USN, Faci Engn Command, SW Div, San Diego, CA 92132 USA. RP Gibbs, JT (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2002 VL 128 IS 9 BP 891 EP 901 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:9(891) PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 585HM UT WOS:000177519400018 ER PT J AU Bevilacqua, RM Fromm, MD Alfred, JM Hornstein, JS Nedoluha, GE Hoppel, KW Lumpe, JD Randall, CE Shettle, EP Browell, EV Butler, C Dornbrack, A Strawa, AW AF Bevilacqua, RM Fromm, MD Alfred, JM Hornstein, JS Nedoluha, GE Hoppel, KW Lumpe, JD Randall, CE Shettle, EP Browell, EV Butler, C Dornbrack, A Strawa, AW TI Observations and analysis of polar stratospheric clouds detected by POAM III during the 1999/2000 Northern Hemisphere winter SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs); polar stratospheric temperatures; vortex phenomena; denitrification ID NITRIC-ACID TRIHYDRATE; AEROSOL; OZONE; INSTRUMENT; VORTEX; DENITRIFICATION; VALIDATION AB We present an overview of polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) measurements obtained by POAM III in the 1999/2000 Northern Hemisphere winter. PSCs were observed at POAM latitudes from mid-November to 15 March. PSCs in the early season generally occurred between 17 and 25 km. The central altitude of the PSC observations, roughly 21 km, is unchanged between November and late January. PSCs were not observed between 7 and 27 February. When they reappeared, they formed at distinctly lower altitudes, centered roughly at 16 km. We also present both qualitative and quantitative comparisons with airborne lidar and in situ balloon measurements of PSCs obtained over the Norwegian Sea and Scandinavia over the 25-27 January time period. We find that the large-scale PSC altitude features and morphology are well reproduced in the POAM measurements. Finally, we use PSC occurrence probabilities, analyzed as a function of ambient temperature relative to the NAT saturation point, to infer irreversible denitrification. This denitrification is observed to maximize in late February at levels of at least 75% in the 19-21 km region, with similar values in the 16-18 km region. No denitrification was inferred above 21 km or below 16 km. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, SAIC, Lidar Applicat Grp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Inst Phys Atmospharr, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82230 Wessling, Germany. RP Bevilacqua, RM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7220, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D20 AR 8281 DI 10.1029/2001JD000477 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636PY UT WOS:000180466200052 ER PT J AU Danilin, MY Ko, MKW Froidevaux, L Santee, ML Lyjak, LV Bevilacqua, RM Zawodny, JM Sasano, Y Irie, H Kondo, Y Russell, JM Scott, CJ Read, WG AF Danilin, MY Ko, MKW Froidevaux, L Santee, ML Lyjak, LV Bevilacqua, RM Zawodny, JM Sasano, Y Irie, H Kondo, Y Russell, JM Scott, CJ Read, WG TI Trajectory hunting as an effective technique to validate multiplatform measurements: Analysis of the MLS, HALOE, SAGE-II, ILAS, and POAM-II data in October-November 1996 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE trajectory hunting; satellite measurements; validation technique ID LIMB-ATMOSPHERIC-SPECTROMETER; TRACE GAS OBSERVATIONS; POLAR OZONE; OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL; CHLORINE ACTIVATION; LAGRANGIAN APPROACH; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; ARCTIC WINTER; AIR MASSES AB The goal of this study is to show that trajectory hunting is an effective technique for comparison of multiplatform measurements. In order to achieve this goal, we (1) describe in detail the trajectory hunting technique (THT), (2) perform several consistency tests for THT (self-hunting and reversibility), (3) estimate uncertainties of this technique, and (4) validate THT results against those obtained by the traditional correlative analysis (TCA). THT launches backward and forward trajectories from the locations of measurements and finds air parcels sampled at least twice within a prescribed match criterion during the course of several days. TCA finds matched profiles for a chosen match criterion, averages them for each instrument separately, and compares the averaged profiles. As an example, we consider the 22 October to 30 November 1996 period in the Southern Hemisphere and compare the latest versions of relevant measurements made by the following five instruments: Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS, version 5 (v. 5)), Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE, v. 19), Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement II (POAM-II, v. 6), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE-II, v. 6.1), and Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS, v. 5.20). We present results for O-3, H2O, CH4, HNO3, and NO2, which show that (1) ozone measurements from all five instruments agree to better than 0.4 (0.2) ppmv below (above) 30 km; (2) water vapor measurements agree within +/-5-10% above 22 km; (3) methane measurements by HALOE and ILAS agree to better than 10% above 30 km with a possible positive offset of up to 10-15% by ILAS in the lower stratosphere; (4) MLS HNO3 data corrected to account for some excited vibrational lines omitted in the v. 5 HNO3 retrieval agree with ILAS HNO3 measurements to within similar to0.5 ppbv (similar to10-20%) over the range similar to450-750 K; (5) ILAS sunset NO2 measurements are larger than both POAM-II and SAGE-II values by up to 10-15% below 30 km. The self-hunting tests show that the THT RMS noise is of the order of 1-2% for O-3, CH4, and H2O and 4% for NO2 and HNO3 measurements in the stratosphere. Total THT-related uncertainties may be 3-5% for O-3 measurements when photochemical effects and sensitivities of the results to duration of trajectories and match criteria are taken into account. Good agreement is found between the THT and TCA results for each of these products and for each possible pair of instruments, with considerably better statistics (typically by at least an order of magnitude) in the THT case. This agreement validates the THT results. C1 Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. AER Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050053, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Danilin, MY (reprint author), Boeing Co, POB 3707 MC OR-RC, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RI Sasano, Yasuhiro/C-2927-2009; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Ko, Malcolm/D-5898-2015 OI Sasano, Yasuhiro/0000-0001-7470-5642; NR 58 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D20 AR 4420 DI 10.1029/2001JD002012 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636PY UT WOS:000180466200074 ER PT J AU Grooss, JU Gunther, G Konopka, P Muller, R McKenna, DS Stroh, F Vogel, B Engel, A Muller, M Hoppel, K Bevilacqua, R Richard, E Webster, CR Elkins, JW Hurst, DF Romashkin, PA Baumgardner, DG AF Grooss, JU Gunther, G Konopka, P Muller, R McKenna, DS Stroh, F Vogel, B Engel, A Muller, M Hoppel, K Bevilacqua, R Richard, E Webster, CR Elkins, JW Hurst, DF Romashkin, PA Baumgardner, DG TI Simulation of ozone depletion in spring 2000 with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE stratosphere; ozone; ozone depletion; CLaMS; Lagrangian; denitrification ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; ARCTIC WINTER STRATOSPHERE; POLAR VORTEX; ER-2 AIRCRAFT; LOSS RATES; CLO; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; FORMULATION; TROPOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY AB Simulations of the development of the chemical composition of the Arctic stratosphere for spring 2000 are made with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). The simulations are performed for the entire Northern Hemisphere on four isentropic levels (400-475 K). The initialization in early February is based on observations made from satellite, balloon and ER-2 aircraft platforms. Tracer-tracer correlations from balloon-borne cryosampler (Triple) and ER-2 measurements, as well as tracer-PV correlations, are used to derive a comprehensive hemispherical initialization of all relevant chemical trace species. Since significant denitrification has been observed on the ER-2 flights, a parameterization of the denitrification is derived from NOy and N2O observations on board the ER-2 aircraft and the temperature history of the air masses under consideration. Over the simulation period from 10 February to 20 March, a chemical ozone depletion of up to 60% was derived for 425-450 K potential temperature. Maximum vortex-averaged chemical ozone loss rates of 50 ppb d(-1) or 4 ppb per sunlight hour were simulated in early March 2000 at the 425 and 450 K potential temperature levels. We show comparisons between the measurements and the simulations for the location of the ER-2 flight paths in late February and March and the location of the Triple balloon flight. The simulated tracer mixing ratios are in good agreement with the measurements. It was not possible to reproduce the exact details of the inorganic chlorine compounds. The simulation agrees with ClOx observations on the Triple balloon flight but overestimates for the ER-2 flights. The simulated ozone depletion agrees with estimates from other observations in the 425 and 450 K levels, but is underestimated on the 475 K level. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Stratospher Chem ICG1, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Meteorol, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Stratospher Chem ICG1, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM j.-u.grooB@fz-juelich.de; an.engel@meteor.uni-frankfurt.de; m.mueller@meteor.uni-frankfurt.de; bevilacqua@nrl.navy.mil; richard@al.noaa.gov; Chris.R.Webster@jpl.nasa.gov; James.W.Elkins@noaa.gov; dhurst@cmdl.noaa.gov; Pavel.Romashkin@noaa.gov; darrel@servidor.unam.mx RI Stroh, Fred/A-6505-2009; Guenther, Gebhard/K-7583-2012; Muller, Rolf/A-6669-2013; Konopka, Paul/A-7329-2013; GrooSS, Jens-Uwe/A-7315-2013; Vogel, Barbel/A-9988-2013; McKenna, Daniel/E-7806-2014; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016; Engel, Andreas/E-3100-2014 OI Stroh, Fred/0000-0002-4492-2977; Guenther, Gebhard/0000-0003-4111-6221; Muller, Rolf/0000-0002-5024-9977; GrooSS, Jens-Uwe/0000-0002-9485-866X; McKenna, Daniel/0000-0002-4360-4782; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322; Engel, Andreas/0000-0003-0557-3935 NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D20 AR 8295 DI 10.1029/2001JD000456 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636PY UT WOS:000180466200092 ER PT J AU Hansen, J Sato, M Nazarenko, L Ruedy, R Lacis, A Koch, D Tegen, I Hall, T Shindell, D Santer, B Stone, P Novakov, T Thomason, L Wang, R Wang, Y Jacob, D Hollandsworth, S Bishop, L Logan, J Thompson, A Stolarski, R Lean, J Willson, R Levitus, S Antonov, J Rayner, N Parker, D Christy, J AF Hansen, J Sato, M Nazarenko, L Ruedy, R Lacis, A Koch, D Tegen, I Hall, T Shindell, D Santer, B Stone, P Novakov, T Thomason, L Wang, R Wang, Y Jacob, D Hollandsworth, S Bishop, L Logan, J Thompson, A Stolarski, R Lean, J Willson, R Levitus, S Antonov, J Rayner, N Parker, D Christy, J TI Climate forcings in Goddard Institute for Space Studies SI2000 simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review DE climate forcings; climate models; greenhouse gases; aerosols; solar irradiance; ozone ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EXTINCTION OPTICAL-THICKNESS; TEMPERATURE TIME-SERIES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; PINATUBO ERUPTION; SULFATE AEROSOLS; RADIATIVE IMPACT; MAUNDER MINIMUM; EARTHS CLIMATE AB [1] We define the radiative forcings used in climate simulations with the SI2000 version of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) global climate model. These include temporal variations of well-mixed greenhouse gases, stratospheric aerosols, solar irradiance, ozone, stratospheric water vapor, and tropospheric aerosols. Our illustrations focus on the period 1951-2050, but we make the full data sets available for those forcings for which we have earlier data. We illustrate the global response to these forcings for the SI2000 model with specified sea surface temperature and with a simple Q-flux ocean, thus helping to characterize the efficacy of each forcing. The model yields good agreement with observed global temperature change and heat storage in the ocean. This agreement does not yield an improved assessment of climate sensitivity or a confirmation of the net climate forcing because of possible compensations with opposite changes of these quantities. Nevertheless, the results imply that observed global temperature change during the past 50 years is primarily a response to radiative forcings. It is also inferred that the planet is now out of radiation balance by 0.5 to 1 W/m(2) and that additional global warming of about 0.5 C is already "in the pipeline.'' C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. SGT Inc, New York, NY USA. Yale Univ, Dept Geol, New Haven, CT USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Ctr Meteorol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Honeywell Int, Buffalo, NY 14210 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Meteorol Off, Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Bracknell RG12 2SY, Berks, England. Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM jhansen@giss.nasa.gov; lnazarenko@giss.nasa.gov; alacis@giss.nasa.gov; itegen@bgc-jena.mpg.de; thall@scrapple.giss.nasa.gov; dshindell@giss.nasa.gov; santer1@llnl.gov; phstone@mit.edu; tnovakov@lbl.gov; l.w.thomason@larc.nasa.gov; raywang@eas.gatech.edu; yhw@envsci.rutgers.edu; djj@io.harvard.edu; lane.bishop@alliedsignal.co; lean@demeter.nrl.navy.mil; slevitus@nodc.noaa.gov; John.Antonov@noaa.gov; nrayner@meto.gov.uk; deparker@meto.gov.uk; christy@atmos.uah.edu RI Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Lacis, Andrew/D-4658-2012; Stolarski, Richard/B-8499-2013; Wang, Yuhang/B-5578-2014 OI Stolarski, Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012; NR 145 TC 229 Z9 235 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 107 IS D18 AR 4347 DI 10.1029/2001JD001143 PG 37 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635YH UT WOS:000180427400014 ER PT J AU Hertzog, A Vial, F Dornbrack, A Eckermann, SD Knudsen, BM Pommereau, JP AF Hertzog, A Vial, F Dornbrack, A Eckermann, SD Knudsen, BM Pommereau, JP TI In situ observations of gravity waves and comparisons with numerical simulations during the SOLVE/THESEO 2000 campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE polar stratosphere; gravity waves; mesoscale processes; mesoscale modeling; long-duration balloons ID POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS; MESOSCALE TEMPERATURE-FLUCTUATIONS; EQUATORIAL LOWER STRATOSPHERE; MOUNTAIN WAVES; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; OZONE DEPLETION; DYNAMICS; MICROPHYSICS; PROPAGATION; SCANDINAVIA AB This article presents observational and numerical results on gravity waves in the Arctic polar vortex during the SAGE III-Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment and Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone 2000 (SOLVE/THESEO) campaign. Long-duration balloons that were launched from Kiruna, Sweden, on 18 February 2000 provided in situ meteorological measurements for several weeks in the lower stratosphere. A strong gravity wave event was observed above southern Scandinavia on 2 March 2000. The main characteristics (amplitude of disturbances, frequency, and wavelengths) are reported, and it is shown that the wave induced mesoscale temperature fluctuations were large (18 K peak to peak). Furthermore, it is found that the gravity wave was most likely generated by flow across the Norwegian mountains. The observations are compared with results of numerical simulations. In particular, the mesoscale and ray-tracing simulations reproduced some features of the observed wave packet. However, the fluctuations induced by the wave were significantly underestimated in the general circulation model of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting. Finally, the overall gravity wave activity during the flight is analyzed and is found to be relatively small. C1 Ecole Polytech, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Deutschen Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Danish Meteorol Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Les Buissons, France. RP Hertzog, A (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. NR 46 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D20 AR 8292 DI 10.1029/2001JD001025 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636PY UT WOS:000180466200070 ER PT J AU Hoppel, WA Frick, GM Fitzgerald, JW AF Hoppel, WA Frick, GM Fitzgerald, JW TI Surface source function for sea-salt aerosol and aerosol dry deposition to the ocean surface SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE sea-salt aerosol; source and deposition; deposition velocity ID DIMENSIONAL SECTIONAL MODEL; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND STRESS; SPRAY; DYNAMICS; FLUX; DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSPORT; HEAT; ZONE AB [1] The dry deposition velocity for a uniform surface source of particles, such as sea-salt aerosol, is shown to be fundamentally different than that for a source of particles from above or upwind. An expression for the deposition velocity for a uniform surface source of particles and an improved expression for the deposition velocity when the source is from above (upwind) is derived. The equilibrium method of deriving the sea-salt source function from an aerosol concentration, measured at a reference height, and the deposition velocity, is shown to be of little value for particles smaller than about 5 to 10 m m in radius for two reasons: (1) The time to establish equilibrium between the source and loss by dry deposition is much longer than the typical lifetime of small particles determined by precipitation scavenging. (2) It is difficult, if not impossible, to correct for the effect of synoptic-scale vertical velocities and the effect of mixing between the marine boundary layer and the free troposphere. A sea-salt aerosol source function that combines the Monahan et al. [1986] formulation at radii smaller than about 10 mum with the modified Smith et al. [1993] formulation at radii larger than 10 mum is proposed. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hoppel, WA (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, 8001 Braddock Rd,Suite 210, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM whoppel@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; frick@nrl.navy.mil; fitzgera@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 39 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D19 AR 4382 DI 10.1029/2001JD002014 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635YT UT WOS:000180428300049 ER PT J AU Irie, H Kondo, Y Koike, M Danilin, MY Camy-Peyret, C Payan, S Pommereau, JP Goutail, F Oelhaf, H Wetzel, G Toon, GC Sen, B Bevilacqua, RM Russell, JM Renard, JB Kanzawa, H Nakajima, H Yokota, T Sugita, T Sasano, Y AF Irie, H Kondo, Y Koike, M Danilin, MY Camy-Peyret, C Payan, S Pommereau, JP Goutail, F Oelhaf, H Wetzel, G Toon, GC Sen, B Bevilacqua, RM Russell, JM Renard, JB Kanzawa, H Nakajima, H Yokota, T Sugita, T Sasano, Y TI Validation of NO2 and HNO3 measurements from the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS) with the version 5.20 retrieval algorithm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC STRATOSPHERE; NITRIC-ACID; OZONE; RADICALS; NITROGEN; VORTEX AB [1] The Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS) on board the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS) measured nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitric acid (HNO3) profiles from November 1996 to June 1997 at high latitudes in both hemispheres. The ILAS NO2 profiles (version 5.20) are compared with those obtained by balloon-borne and satellite measurements to validate ILAS NO2 data. Comparisons with balloon-borne measurements indicate that ILAS NO2 at 25-30 km has a positive bias of 0.3-0.4 ppbv (6-11%). The random difference in NO2 at 25-30 km is 0.2-0.3 ppbv (3-9%). The random error in the ILAS NO2 measurements is larger than 100% below 20 km and above 45 km, where the NO2 mixing ratios were less than 1.0 ppbv. It is possible that ILAS NO2 values were lowered by optically thick aerosols with aerosol extinction coefficients at 780 nm of greater than 0.001 km(-1). The lack of diurnal correction along the line of sight contributes to the positive bias in the ILAS NO2 values below 25 km. Agreement of the ILAS NO2 values with those by the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) II instrument is within 10-30% at 25-35 km. The agreement with the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) is as good as +/-10% at 25-40 km. ILAS HNO3 (version 5.20) agrees with balloon-borne HNO3 to within 0.1 ppbv (0-1%), and the random difference is within 10% at 25-30 km. C1 Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Aichi 4428507, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Mol & Applicat, CNRS, F-75252 Paris 05, France. CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Les Buissons, France. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. NASA, LaRC, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA USA. RP Irie, H (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, 3-13 Honohara, Aichi 4428507, Japan. RI Sasano, Yasuhiro/C-2927-2009; Koike, Makoto/F-4366-2011; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Wetzel, Gerald/A-7065-2013; Oelhaf, Hermann/A-7895-2013 OI Sasano, Yasuhiro/0000-0001-7470-5642; NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D24 AR 8206 DI 10.1029/2001JD001304 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 637BN UT WOS:000180491900002 ER PT J AU Jiang, JH Wu, DL Eckermann, SD AF Jiang, JH Wu, DL Eckermann, SD TI Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) MLS observation of mountain waves over the Andes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-WAVES; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; NUMBER SPECTRA; EL-NINO; STRATOSPHERE; WINDS; FLUCTUATIONS; DRAG AB Stratospheric air temperature (radiance) fluctuations over the Andes observed by the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) are presented. The MLS radiance variances show strong annual variability over the Andes mountains in South America, which is closely correlated to the background wind conditions associated with mountain wave generation and propagation. The variances are significantly larger in southern hemispheric winter when the winds in the troposphere and stratosphere over the Andes are both westerly and mountain wave critical levels (zero-wind lines) are absent. The annual variation of MLS radiance variance agrees well with data from radiosondes and output from the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Mountain Wave Forecast Model (MWFM) over the same region and period. The amplitude of the radiance variances seems to correlate well with the intensity of surface wind at upstream positions westward of the Andes, which is also related to the meridional temperature gradient in the region. Horizontal scale analysis suggests that mountain waves over the Andes might have two preferential horizontal wavelengths at similar to110 and similar to400 km. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Middle Atmosphere Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jiang, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 183-701,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Wu, Dong/D-5375-2012 NR 29 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D20 AR 8273 DI 10.1029/2002JD002091 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636PY UT WOS:000180466200038 ER PT J AU Nedoluha, GE Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW AF Nedoluha, GE Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW TI POAM III measurements of dehydration in the Antarctic and comparisons with the Arctic SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE stratospheric water vapor; polar dehydration; polar vortex ID POLAR VORTEX; OZONE; STRATOSPHERE; WINTER AB We present measurements of stratospheric water vapor taken at high northern and southern latitudes by the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III instrument. The measurements show the seasonal variations in both hemispheres, including wintertime descent in the polar vortices and dehydration in the Antarctic. While POAM is unable to measure in regions with high aerosol extinction and can therefore not measure the temporary sequestration of water in ice clouds, POAM can measure the effects of such dehydration events if they result in the permanent removal of water vapor from an air parcel. A study of POAM "matches," where the same parcel is observed more than once by the POAM instrument, shows significant permanent dehydration in the Antarctic for nearly all cases in which the parcel is either exposed to conditions where the mixing ratio either exceeds the saturation mixing ratio by >2 ppmv or experiences temperatures that remain below the saturation temperature for >2 days. These POAM matches suggest that parcels undergo several episodes of dehydration before their water vapor mixing ratio is reduced to the 1-2 ppmv level typically observed within the vortex in the Antarctic spring. Interannual differences in Antarctic vortex temperatures are shown to be qualitatively consistent with interannual differences in dehydration observed by POAM. Although analyses of parcels observed by POAM in the Arctic indicate that a few of these parcels experience conditions which generally cause permanent dehydration in the Antarctic, no significant permanent dehydration is observed in the POAM Arctic measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nedoluha, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D20 AR 8290 DI 10.1029/2001JD001184 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636PY UT WOS:000180466200068 ER PT J AU Preusse, P Dornbrack, A Eckermann, SD Riese, M Schaeler, B Bacmeister, JT Broutman, D Grossmann, KU AF Preusse, P Dornbrack, A Eckermann, SD Riese, M Schaeler, B Bacmeister, JT Broutman, D Grossmann, KU TI Space-based measurements of stratospheric mountain waves by CRISTA - 1. Sensitivity, analysis method, and a case study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CRYOGENIC INFRARED SPECTROMETERS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY-WAVES; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; LATITUDINAL VARIATIONS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; LIMS TEMPERATURES; HORIZONTAL WIND; NUMBER SPECTRA; MSX SATELLITE AB [1] The Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) instrument measured stratospheric temperatures and trace species concentrations with high precision and spatial resolution during two missions. The measuring technique is infrared limb-sounding of optically thin emissions. In a general approach, we investigate the applicability of the technique to measure gravity waves (GWs) in the retrieved temperature data. It is shown that GWs with wavelengths of the order of 100-200 km horizontally can be detected. The results are applicable to any instrument using the same technique. We discuss additional constraints inherent to the CRISTA instrument. The vertical field of view and the influence of the sampling and retrieval imply that waves with vertical wavelengths similar to3-5 km or larger can be retrieved. Global distributions of GW fluctuations were extracted from temperature data measured by CRISTA using Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) and Harmonic Analysis (HA), yielding height profiles of vertical wavelength and peak amplitude for fluctuations in each scanned profile. The method is discussed and compared to Fourier transform analyses and standard deviations. Analysis of data from the first mission reveals large GW amplitudes in the stratosphere over southernmost South America. These waves obey the dispersion relation for linear two-dimensional mountain waves (MWs). The horizontal structure on 6 November 1994 is compared to temperature fields calculated by the Pennsylvania State University (PSU)/ National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) mesoscale model (MM5). It is demonstrated that precise knowledge of the instrument's sensitivity is essential. Particularly good agreement is found at the southern tip of South America where the MM5 accurately reproduces the amplitudes and phases of a large-scale wave with 400 km horizontal wavelength. Targeted ray-tracing simulations allow us to interpret some of the observed wave features. A companion paper will discuss MWs on a global scale and estimates the fraction that MWs contribute to the total GWenergy (Preusse et al., in preparation, 2002). C1 Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys & Atmosphare, D-82230 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP Forschungszentrum Julich, ICGI, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM preusse@wpos2.physik.uni-wuppertal.de; andreas.doernbrack@dlr.de; eckerman@uap2.nrl.navy.mil; bacmj@janus.gsfc.nasa.gov; daveb@uap2.nrl.navy.mil RI Preusse, Peter/A-1193-2013; Riese, Martin/A-3927-2013 OI Preusse, Peter/0000-0002-8997-4965; Riese, Martin/0000-0001-6398-6493 NR 80 TC 128 Z9 130 U1 6 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D23 AR 8178 DI 10.1029/2001JD000699 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 637AT UT WOS:000180490000005 ER PT J AU Randall, CE Lumpe, JD Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW Shettle, EP Rusch, DW Gordley, LL Kreher, K Pfeilsticker, K Boesch, H Toon, G Goutail, F Pommereau, JP AF Randall, CE Lumpe, JD Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW Shettle, EP Rusch, DW Gordley, LL Kreher, K Pfeilsticker, K Boesch, H Toon, G Goutail, F Pommereau, JP TI Validation of POAM IIINO2 measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; UV-VISIBLE SPECTROMETERS; SOLAR-OCCULTATION; POLAR OZONE; STRATOSPHERIC NO2; ATMOS EXPERIMENT; TRACE-GAS; INSTRUMENT; NITROGEN; SPECTRA AB We describe the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III NO2 measurements and associated errors and compare the POAM III data to correlative measurements obtained from satellite-, balloon-, and ground-based instruments. POAM III NO2 densities are retrieved from 20 to 45 km, with a vertical resolution of about 1.5-2.5 km at altitudes below 40 km and increasing to more than 7 km at an altitude of 45 km. Predicted random errors are on the order of 5% in this altitude range. Sunspots and high aerosol extinction can cause errors in the NO2 retrievals but generally affect only about 10% of the data or less, depending on the altitude. The agreement between POAM III NO2 data and correlative observations is excellent, demonstrating that the POAM III measurements are reasonable in terms of their magnitude, profile structure, and temporal variations. The largest number of comparisons was made with the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. On average, POAM and HALOE agree to within about 0.2 ppbv from 20 to 33 km or within about 6% at most of these altitudes, with no systematic bias. Differences increase to about 0.7 ppbv (17%, POAM higher than HALOE) by 40 km. This difference decreases to about 12% after accounting for a recently discovered error in the HALOE retrievals. Differences decrease above 40 km and are slightly negative (0.1-0.2 ppbv on average) at 45 km, the top edge of the valid POAM III NO2 altitude range. We conclude that the POAM III NO2 profiles from 20 to 45 km are appropriate for scientific analysis and for the validation of NO2 measurements from other instruments. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. GATS, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NIWA, Omakau 9182, Otago, New Zealand. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Les Buissons, France. RP Randall, CE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Boesch, Hartmut/G-6021-2012 NR 31 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D20 AR 4432 DI 10.1029/2001JD001520 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636PY UT WOS:000180466200090 ER PT J AU Randall, CE Lumpe, JD Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW Fromm, MD Salawitch, RJ Swartz, WH Lloyd, SA Kyro, E von der Gathen, P Claude, H Davies, J DeBacker, H Dier, H Molyneux, MJ Sancho, J AF Randall, CE Lumpe, JD Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW Fromm, MD Salawitch, RJ Swartz, WH Lloyd, SA Kyro, E von der Gathen, P Claude, H Davies, J DeBacker, H Dier, H Molyneux, MJ Sancho, J TI Reconstruction of three-dimensional ozone fields using POAM III during SOLVE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE POAM; ozone; reconstruction; SOLVE; potential vorticity; data assimilation ID POLAR VORTEX; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; WINTER STRATOSPHERE; ARCTIC WINTER; TRANSPORT; ER-2; BREAKING; DYNAMICS; POCKETS AB In this paper we demonstrate the utility of the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III data for providing semiglobal three-dimensional ozone fields during the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) winter. As a solar occultation instrument, POAM III measurements were limited to latitudes of 63degreesN to 68degreesN during the SOLVE campaign but covered a wide range of potential vorticity. Using established mapping techniques, we have used the relation between potential vorticity and ozone measured by POAM III to calculate three-dimensional ozone mixing ratio fields throughout the Northern Hemisphere on a daily basis during the 1999/2000 winter. To validate the results, we have extensively compared profiles obtained from ozonesondes and the Halogen Occultation Experiment to the proxy O-3 interpolated horizontally and vertically to the correlative measurement locations. On average, the proxy O-3 agrees with the correlative observations to better than similar to5%, at potential temperatures below about 900 K and latitudes above about 30degreesN, demonstrating the reliability of the reconstructed O-3 fields in these regions. We discuss the application of the POAM proxy ozone profiles for calculating photolysis rates along the ER-2 and DC-8 flight tracks during the SOLVE campaign, and we present a qualitative picture of the evolution of polar stratospheric ozone throughout the winter. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Finnish Meteorol Inst, Sodankyla Observ, FIN-99600 Sodankyla, Finland. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Deutsch Wetterdienst, Hohenpeissenberg Observ, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Royal Meteorol Inst Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. Deutsch Wetterdienst Meteorol Observ Lindenberg, D-15864 Lindenberg, Germany. Meteorol Off, Wokingham RG40 3DN, Berks, England. Izana Atmospher Observ, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. RP Randall, CE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009; Swartz, William/A-1965-2010; Sancho, Juan Manuel/G-5603-2015; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; von der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556; Swartz, William/0000-0002-9172-7189; Sancho, Juan Manuel/0000-0002-9750-9860; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D20 AR 8299 DI 10.1029/2001JD000471 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636PY UT WOS:000180466200104 ER PT J AU Rex, M Salawitch, RJ Harris, NRP von der Gathen, P Braathen, GO Schulz, A Deckelmann, H Chipperfield, M Sinnhuber, BM Reimer, E Alfier, R Bevilacqua, R Hoppel, K Fromm, M Lumpe, J Kullmann, H Kleinbohl, A Bremer, H von Konig, M Kunzi, K Toohey, D Vomel, H Richard, E Aikin, K Jost, H Greenblatt, JB Loewenstein, M Podolske, JR Webster, CR Flesch, GJ Scott, DC Herman, RL Elkins, JW Ray, EA Moore, FL Hurst, DF Romashkin, P Toon, GC Sen, B Margitan, JJ Wennberg, P Neuber, R Allart, M Bojkov, BR Claude, H Davies, J Davies, W De Backer, H Dier, H Dorokhov, V Fast, H Kondo, Y Kyro, E Litynska, Z Mikkelsen, IS Molyneux, MJ Moran, E Nagai, T Nakane, H Parrondo, C Ravegnani, F Skrivankova, P Viatte, P Yushkov, V AF Rex, M Salawitch, RJ Harris, NRP von der Gathen, P Braathen, GO Schulz, A Deckelmann, H Chipperfield, M Sinnhuber, BM Reimer, E Alfier, R Bevilacqua, R Hoppel, K Fromm, M Lumpe, J Kullmann, H Kleinbohl, A Bremer, H von Konig, M Kunzi, K Toohey, D Vomel, H Richard, E Aikin, K Jost, H Greenblatt, JB Loewenstein, M Podolske, JR Webster, CR Flesch, GJ Scott, DC Herman, RL Elkins, JW Ray, EA Moore, FL Hurst, DF Romashkin, P Toon, GC Sen, B Margitan, JJ Wennberg, P Neuber, R Allart, M Bojkov, BR Claude, H Davies, J Davies, W De Backer, H Dier, H Dorokhov, V Fast, H Kondo, Y Kyro, E Litynska, Z Mikkelsen, IS Molyneux, MJ Moran, E Nagai, T Nakane, H Parrondo, C Ravegnani, F Skrivankova, P Viatte, P Yushkov, V TI Chemical depletion of Arctic ozone in winter 1999/2000 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozone; stratosphere; Match ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; POLAR VORTEX; LOSS RATES; CHEMISTRY; TRENDS; HOLE; CLO AB During Arctic winters with a cold, stable stratospheric circulation, reactions on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) lead to elevated abundances of chlorine monoxide (ClO) that, in the presence of sunlight, destroy ozone. Here we show that PSCs were more widespread during the 1999/2000 Arctic winter than for any other Arctic winter in the past two decades. We have used three fundamentally different approaches to derive the degree of chemical ozone loss from ozonesonde, balloon, aircraft, and satellite instruments. We show that the ozone losses derived from these different instruments and approaches agree very well, resulting in a high level of confidence in the results. Chemical processes led to a 70% reduction of ozone for a region similar to1 km thick of the lower stratosphere, the largest degree of local loss ever reported for the Arctic. The Match analysis of ozonesonde data shows that the accumulated chemical loss of ozone inside the Arctic vortex totaled 117 +/- 14 Dobson units (DU) by the end of winter. This loss, combined with dynamical redistribution of air parcels, resulted in a 88 +/- 13 DU reduction in total column ozone compared to the amount that would have been present in the absence of any chemical loss. The chemical loss of ozone throughout the winter was nearly balanced by dynamical resupply of ozone to the vortex, resulting in a relatively constant value of total ozone of 340 +/- 50 DU between early January and late March. This observation of nearly constant total ozone in the Arctic vortex is in contrast to the increase of total column ozone between January and March that is observed during most years. C1 Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14401 Potsdam, Germany. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Cambridge, European Ozone Res Coordinating Unit, Cambridge CB2 1HE, England. Norsk Inst Luftforskning, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway. Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Meteorol, D-12165 Berlin, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. KNMI, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. Deutscher Wetterdienst, Observ Hohenpeissenberg, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. Atmospher Environm Serv, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Univ Wales, Dept Phys, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. Royal Meteorol Inst Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. Meteorol Observ Lindenberg, D-15864 Lindenberg, Germany. CAO, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Russia. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa, Aichi, Japan. Sodankyla Meteorol Observ, Sodankyla, Finland. Ctr Aerol, Legionowo, Poland. Danish Meteorol Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. UK Met Off, Bracknell RG11 2SZ, Berks, England. IMS, Valentia Observ, Kerry, Ireland. Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050053, Japan. INTA, Madrid, Spain. CNR, Ist Fisbat, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Czech Hydromet Inst, Prague 14306, Czech Republic. SMI, CH-1530 Payerne, Switzerland. RP Rex, M (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, POB 600149, D-14401 Potsdam, Germany. RI Rex, Markus/A-6054-2009; Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Ravegnani, Fabrizio/A-7800-2009; von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009; Toohey, Darin/A-4267-2008; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Herman, Robert/H-9389-2012; Sinnhuber, Bjorn-Martin/A-7007-2013; Sinnhuber, Miriam/A-7252-2013; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Ray, Eric/D-5941-2013; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Neuber, Roland/B-4923-2014; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016 OI Rex, Markus/0000-0001-7847-8221; Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Ravegnani, Fabrizio/0000-0003-0735-9297; von der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556; Toohey, Darin/0000-0003-2853-1068; Herman, Robert/0000-0001-7063-6424; Sinnhuber, Bjorn-Martin/0000-0001-9608-7320; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Ray, Eric/0000-0001-8727-9849; Neuber, Roland/0000-0001-7382-7832; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322 NR 38 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D20 AR 8276 DI 10.1029/2001JD000533 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636PY UT WOS:000180466200041 ER PT J AU Salawitch, RJ Margitan, JJ Sen, B Toon, GC Osterman, GB Rex, M Elkins, JW Ray, EA Moore, FL Hurst, DF Romashkin, PA Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW Richard, EC Bui, TP AF Salawitch, RJ Margitan, JJ Sen, B Toon, GC Osterman, GB Rex, M Elkins, JW Ray, EA Moore, FL Hurst, DF Romashkin, PA Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW Richard, EC Bui, TP TI Chemical loss of ozone during the Arctic winter of 1999/2000: An analysis based on balloon-borne observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozone depletion; Arctic ozone loss ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; POLAR VORTEX AIR; ER-2 AIRCRAFT; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; TRACE GASES; DENITRIFICATION; TRANSPORT; N2O; SIMULATIONS; MODEL AB Simultaneous balloon-borne observations of ozone (O-3) and nitrous oxide (N2O), a long-lived tracer of dynamical motion, are used to quantify the chemical loss of ozone in the Arctic vortex during the winter of 1999/2000. Chemical loss of ozone occurred between altitudes of about 14 and 22 km ( pressures from similar to120 to 30 mbar) and resulted in a 61 +/- 13 Dobson unit reduction in total column ozone between late November 1999 and 5 March 2000 (the date of the last balloon-borne measurement considered here). This loss estimate is valid for the core of the vortex during the time period covered by the observations. It is shown that the observed changes in the O-3 versus N2O relation were almost entirely due to chemistry and could not have been caused by dynamics. The chemical loss of column ozone inferred from the balloon-borne measurements using the "ozone versus tracer" technique is shown to compare well with estimates of chemical loss found using both the Match technique (as applied to independent ozonesonde data) and the "vortex-averaged descent" technique (as applied to Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III satellite measurements of ozone). This comparison establishes the validity of each approach for estimating chemical loss of column ozone for the Arctic winter of 1999/2000. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14401 Potsdam, Germany. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,Mail Stop 183-601, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Ross.J.Salawitch@jpl.nasa.gov; James.J.Margitan@jpl.nasa.gov; Bhaswar.Sen@jpl.nasa.gov; Geoffrey.C.Toon@jpl.nasa.gov; Gregory.B.Osterman@jpl.nasa.gov; mrex@awi-potsdam.de; James.W.Elkins@noaa.gov; eray@al.noaa.gov; Fred.Moore@noaa.gov; Dale.Hurst@noaa.gov; Pavel.Romashkin@noaa.gov; bevilacqua@nrl.navy.mil; Karl.Hoppel@nrl.navy.mil; Erik.C.Richard@noaa.gov; pbui@mail.arc.nasa.gov RI Rex, Markus/A-6054-2009; Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Ray, Eric/D-5941-2013; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016 OI Rex, Markus/0000-0001-7847-8221; Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Ray, Eric/0000-0001-8727-9849; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322 NR 51 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D20 AR 8269 DI 10.1029/2001JD000620 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636PY UT WOS:000180466200030 ER PT J AU Siskind, DE Nedoluha, GE Summers, ME Russell, JM AF Siskind, DE Nedoluha, GE Summers, ME Russell, JM TI A search for an anticorrelation between H2O and O-3 in the lower mesosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozone; stratosphere; mesosphere; water vapor; chemistry; correlations ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; OZONE; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; OH AB We have looked for the expected anticorrelation between H2O and O-3 in the lower mesosphere using data from HALOE and a simple one-dimensional photochemical model. We use the fractional difference between the model and the data (DeltaO(3)/O-3) as a measure of the goodness of the fit of the model to the data. The model is run for each of over 1000 days of HALOE measurements from 30degreesS-30degreesN and from 1992-1999. Despite the 10% changes in upper stratospheric H2O which were observed during this period, we detect no significant ozone change in response to this H2O variability. Indeed, in the 2.0-0.4 mb region, the model error is lower when the water vapor is arbitrarily assumed to be invariant. Further, when H2O variability is considered, (DeltaO(3)/O-3) anticorrelates with H2O but not the temperature and solar flux. From this we conclude that the temperature and solar flux dependence are fairly well modeled and that the model error is due to the representation of the ozone dependence upon H2O in the model. Our results suggest that ozone near the stratopause is surprisingly insensitive to variations in H2O. If true, this insensitivity may make easier the observation of ozone recovery in the upper stratosphere due to declining chlorine. This result should also be considered when assessing the response of upper stratospheric ozone to increases in stratospheric humidity. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Siskind, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D20 AR 4435 DI 10.1029/2001JD001276 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636PY UT WOS:000180466200099 ER PT J AU Strawa, AW Drdla, K Fromm, M Pueschel, RF Hoppel, KW Browell, EV Hamill, P Dempsey, DP AF Strawa, AW Drdla, K Fromm, M Pueschel, RF Hoppel, KW Browell, EV Hamill, P Dempsey, DP TI Discriminating types Ia and Ib polar stratospheric clouds in POAM satellite data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE polar stratopheric clouds; stratosphere; ozone loss; satellite measurement remote sensing; cloud properties ID ARCTIC STRATOSPHERE; NITRIC-ACID; LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; SULFURIC-ACID; WINTER; DENITRIFICATION; OZONE; AEROSOL; DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTICLES AB A method for discriminating Types Ia and Ib Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) from Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) satellite occultation measurements of aerosol extinction coefficient is described. The method has been validated by applying several statistical tests to the results and by using Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) and Ozone Lidar Experiment (OLEX) lidar observations made during Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment/Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone II (SOLVE/THESEO 2000). Type Ia PSCs are believed to be composed of large nitric-acid-containing particles that will sediment out of the stratosphere, causing denitrification and facilitating ozone depletion. Type Ib PSCs are believed to be much smaller and will not sediment out of the stratosphere. Discriminating between these two types of PSCs is significant because it will permit a better understanding of ozone depletion today and predict the fate and effect of PSCs using the more continuous temporal coverage and larger areal coverage that can be obtained from satellites. The method is made possible by the character of POAM observations when plotted as normalized extinction versus wavelength dependence. As the extinction increases, observations of Types Ia and Ib PSCs bifurcate. This behavior is also observed in idealized simulations of the formation of Supercooled Ternary Solutions (STS) and nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles, which are believed to make up Types Ib and Ia PSCs, respectively. Analysis of POAM observations from the 1999/2000 Arctic winter using the PSC discrimination algorithm revealed that the number of PSC observations peaked in January. In November, December, and January, the ratio of Type Ia to Ib PSCs was about 3. In February and March, this ratio was about 0.3. The average altitude of Type Ia PSCs descended more than the Type Ib, especially in the spring where the Type Ia observations were 2-3 km below the Type Ib observations. This is consistent with observations of denitrification during the 1999/2000 winter. The PSC discrimination algorithm is applicable to previous winters in both hemispheres and will work with SAGE III observations as well. This will permit a more extensive study of the statistical significance of some features of the PSCs observed during the 1999/2000 Arctic winter. It is our belief that the present method of analyzing satellite data to discriminate Type I PSCs will be of great utility in the study of PSCs and ozone depletion. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Meteorol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Strawa, AW (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010 NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D20 AR 8291 DI 10.1029/2001JD000458 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636PY UT WOS:000180466200069 ER PT J AU von Engeln, A Buehler, SA AF von Engeln, A Buehler, SA TI Temperature profile determination from microwave oxygen emissions in limb sounding geometry SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE passive microwave; oxygen; temperature; retrieval; limb sounding; spectroscopy ID RETRIEVAL AB [1] We present a theoretical investigation of the temperature profile retrieval capabilities of oxygen emission lines in the microwave. The main focus is on two strong lines, both allowing temperature retrieval throughout the mesosphere. One is within the oxygen cluster at 61.15 GHz, the other one is isolated at 118.75 GHz. A thorough comparison of these two lines is presented. Several instrumental parameters such as system noise temperature, antenna beam width, filter width, and coverage of the line are assessed, as well as the possible impact of an error in the spectroscopic parameters. The instrumental setup follows roughly the specifications for the Millimeter Wave Acquisitions for Stratosphere/Troposphere Exchange Research (MASTER) instrument, serving as a basis for a modern passive microwave instrument. The instrumental parameters have also been varied in order to allow comparisons with two instruments that use the 118.75-GHz line for temperature profile determination, the Odin submillimeter radiameter (SMR) and the EOS microwave limb sounder (MLS). Simultaneous retrieval of temperature and pointing bias is performed with the Optimal Estimation Method. We find temperature retrieval errors of <5 K in the mesosphere, and at sub-Kelvin level in the lower stratosphere. Good knowledge of spectroscopic parameters is required for accurate retrievals. The simultaneous retrieval of a pointing bias can reduce the impact of spectroscopic parameter errors on the temperature retrieval. C1 Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP von Engeln, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM engeln@uni-bremen.de; sbuehler@uni-bremen.de RI Buehler, Stefan Alexander/A-4056-2009 OI Buehler, Stefan Alexander/0000-0001-6389-1160 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D19 AR 4395 DI 10.1029/2001JD001029 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635YT UT WOS:000180428300062 ER PT J AU Ardhuin, F Drake, TG Herbers, THC AF Ardhuin, F Drake, TG Herbers, THC TI Observations of wave-generated vortex ripples on the North Carolina continental shelf SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE ripples; waves; shelf; SHOWEX; observations; North Carolina ID BOTTOM FRICTION; OSCILLATORY FLOW; BED ROUGHNESS; SAND RIPPLES; INNER SHELF; SEA WAVES; EVOLUTION; GEOMETRY; MIGRATION; DYNAMICS AB [1] Sand ripples with wavelengths between 0.5 and 3 m were observed on the bottom across the U. S. east coast continental shelf off North Carolina during three side-scan sonar surveys in September and December 1999. Ripples were present in about 75% of the survey images, in particular, in regions with coarser sediments. Analysis of surficial sediment samples shows that median grain diameters range from 0.1 to 4.7 mm with large variations on the inner shelf over distances <1 km. The observed ripple properties are consistent with wave-generated vortex ripples. Analysis of concurrent wave observations indicates that the ripple crests were aligned perpendicular to the average direction of near-bottom wave-induced motions during preceding events that were sufficiently energetic to mobilize surficial sediments. Furthermore, the ripple wavelengths proportionality to near-bottom wave orbital excursions is consistent with wave-formed vortex ripples. These findings support the hypothesis that the observed strong attenuation of waves across the shelf resulted from form drag over large vortex ripples. C1 Ctr Mil Oceanog, Serv Hydrog & Oceanog Marine, F-29609 Brest, France. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ardhuin, F (reprint author), Ctr Mil Oceanog, Serv Hydrog & Oceanog Marine, F-29609 Brest, France. RI Ardhuin, Fabrice/A-1364-2011 OI Ardhuin, Fabrice/0000-0002-9309-9681 NR 50 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS C10 AR 3143 DI 10.1029/2001JC000986 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 638JN UT WOS:000180568000017 ER PT J AU Book, JW Wimbush, M Imawaki, S Ichikawa, H Uchida, H Kinoshita, H AF Book, JW Wimbush, M Imawaki, S Ichikawa, H Uchida, H Kinoshita, H TI Kuroshio temporal and spatial variations south of Japan determined from inverted echo sounder measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Kuroshio; meander; transport; temperature transport; inverted echo sounder; gravest empirical mode ID GRAVEST EMPIRICAL MODE; EAST-CHINA-SEA; VOLUME TRANSPORT; LARGE MEANDER; VARIABILITY; ALTIMETER; VELOCITY; TAIWAN AB [1] The Affiliated Surveys of the Kuroshio off Ashizuri-Misaki (ASUKA) project is a collaboration between scientists in Japan and the United States to improve our understanding of the structure and dynamics of the Kuroshio off the coast of southwest Japan. In this project an array of nine inverted echo sounders and nine current meter moorings were deployed for 2 years (1993-1995) along a line extending 1000 km from Shikoku. Numerous hydrographic profiles along this section were used to determine the regional gravest empirical modes (GEMs), which relate vertical profiles of temperature and specific volume anomaly to vertical acoustic echo time. These GEMs were used in conjunction with the inverted echo sounder data to calculate 2-year time series of entire sections of relative geostrophic velocity and temperature. Current meter data provided absolute velocity references for the geostrophic velocity sections. In addition, a time series of Kuroshio position was determined from the GEM temperature sections. It shows three big (> 80 km displacement) and three little offshore meanders of the Kuroshio occurring in February, May/June, and October of both years. This suggests a 4-month periodicity, possibly phase-locked to the annual cycle. The meanders may be caused by mesoscale eddies arriving from the east. The observed meanders were preceded by low Kuroshio volume transport and were followed by high Kuroshio volume transport. The Kuroshio volume and temperature transports were highly variable, with respective means of 65 +/- 4 Sv and 3.7 +/- 0.2 PW and standard deviations of 20 Sv and 0.9 PW. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Kagoshima Univ, Fac Fisheries, Kagoshima 8900056, Japan. Japan Coast Guard, Hydrog Dept, Chuo Ku, Tokyo 1040045, Japan. RP Book, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM book@nrlssc.navy.mil; mwimbush@gso.uri.edu; imawaki@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp; ichikawa@fish.kagoshima-u.ac.jp; huchida@jamstec.go.jp; kino@cue.jhd.go.jp RI Ichikawa, Hiroshi/A-9523-2010; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015 OI Ichikawa, Hiroshi/0000-0001-6576-0455; NR 40 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP PY 2002 VL 107 IS C9 AR 3121 DI 10.1029/2001JC000795 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 638AM UT WOS:000180546200004 ER PT J AU Chang, GC Dickey, TD Schofield, OM Weidemann, AD Boss, E Pegau, WS Moline, MA Glenn, SM AF Chang, GC Dickey, TD Schofield, OM Weidemann, AD Boss, E Pegau, WS Moline, MA Glenn, SM TI Nearshore physical processes and bio-optical properties in the New York Bight SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE New York Bight; optics; physical/biological coupling; coastal jet; bio-optics ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; INTERNAL SOLITARY WAVES; ARCTIC NORTH-ATLANTIC; NEW-ENGLAND SHELF; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION; BIOOPTICAL PROPERTIES; UPPER-OCEAN; SEEP-II; VARIABILITY AB [1] Temporal and spatial variability of physical, biological, and optical properties on scales of minutes to months and meters to 50 km are examined using an extensive data set collected on the New York Bight continental shelf during the Hyperspectral Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment. Measurements from a midshelf mooring and bottom tripod (similar to25 km offshore, 24 m water depth) and two nearshore profiling nodes (similar to5 km offshore, 15 m water depth) are utilized to quantify and correlate midshelf and nearshore variability. Towed shipboard undulating profilers and a high-frequency radar (CODAR) array provide complementary spatial data. We show that phytoplankton and dissolved matter each accounted for roughly 50% of total absorption (440 nm) at midshelf. In contrast, particulate compared to gelbstoff absorption dominated total absorption at the nearshore location. A relatively high-salinity, low-temperature, low particulate coastal jet decreased turbidity nearshore and advected lower-salinity, higher-chlorophyll waters to the midshelf region, resulting in increased biomass at midshelf. Small-scale (order of a few kilometers) convergence and divergence zones formed from the interaction of semidiurnal tides with mean currents and a water mass/turbidity front. The front resulted in increased decorrelation scales from nearshore (similar to1 day) toward midshelf (2-3 days) for optical and biological parameters. We conclude that optical and biological variability and distributions at midshelf and nearshore locations were influenced mainly by semidiurnal tides and the coastal jet. We present insights into nearshore coastal processes and their effects on biology and optics as well as for the design of future nearshore interdisciplinary coastal programs. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ocean Phys Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Chang, GC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ocean Phys Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. RI Boss, Emmanuel/C-5765-2009 OI Boss, Emmanuel/0000-0002-8334-9595 NR 52 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP PY 2002 VL 107 IS C9 AR 3133 DI 10.1029/2001JC001018 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 638AM UT WOS:000180546200016 ER PT J AU Intrieri, JM Fairall, CW Shupe, MD Persson, POG Andreas, EL Guest, PS Moritz, RE AF Intrieri, JM Fairall, CW Shupe, MD Persson, POG Andreas, EL Guest, PS Moritz, RE TI An annual cycle of Arctic surface cloud forcing at SHEBA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; atmospheric radiation; polar meteorology; clouds; forcing ID RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; SEA-ICE; FLUXES; OCEAN; ATMOSPHERE; SENSITIVITY; CALIBRATION; ALGORITHM; CLIMATE; IMPACT AB [1] We present an analysis of surface fluxes and cloud forcing from data obtained during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment, conducted in the Beaufort and Chuchki Seas and the Arctic Ocean from November 1997 to October 1998. The measurements used as part of this study include fluxes from optical radiometer sets, turbulent fluxes from an instrumented tower, cloud fraction from a depolarization lidar and ceilometer, and atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles from radiosondes. Clear-sky radiative fluxes were modeled in order to estimate the cloud radiative forcing since direct observation of fluxes in cloud-free conditions created large statistical sampling errors. This was particularly true during summer when cloud fractions were typically very high. A yearlong data set of measurements, obtained on a multiyear ice floe at the SHEBA camp, was processed in 20-day blocks to produce the annual evolution of the surface cloud forcing components: upward, downward, and net longwave and shortwave radiative fluxes and turbulent (sensible and latent heat) fluxes. We found that clouds act to warm the Arctic surface for most of the annual cycle with a brief period of cooling in the middle of summer. Our best estimates for the annual average surface cloud forcings are -10 W m(-2) for shortwave, 38 W m(-2) for longwave, and -6 W m(-2) for turbulent fluxes. Total cloud forcing (the sum of all components) is about 30 W m(-2) for the fall, winter, and spring, dipping to a minimum of -4 W m(-2) in early July. We compare the results of this study with satellite, model, and drifting station data. C1 NOAA, Sci & Technol Corp, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Intrieri, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Sci & Technol Corp, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Intrieri, Janet/D-5608-2015 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; NR 35 TC 200 Z9 201 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS C10 AR 8039 DI 10.1029/2000JC000439 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 638JN UT WOS:000180568000005 ER PT J AU Persson, POG Fairall, CW Andreas, EL Guest, PS Perovich, DK AF Persson, POG Fairall, CW Andreas, EL Guest, PS Perovich, DK TI Measurements near the Atmospheric Surface Flux Group tower at SHEBA: Near-surface conditions and surface energy budget SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE surface energy budget; arctic pack ice meteorology; Arctic annual cycle ID SEA-ICE; TRANSFER-COEFFICIENTS; SOLAR IRRADIANCE; HEAT; SNOW; TEMPERATURE; MODEL; INSTRUMENTATION; SENSITIVITY; CALIBRATION AB [1] Measurements at the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean Experiment (SHEBA) Atmospheric Surface Flux Group (ASFG) tower site from October 1997 to October 1998 are used to describe the annual cycle of the near-surface environment and the surface energy budget (SEB). Comparisons with historical data and climatological estimates suggest that the SHEBA site was 3-8degreesC warmer in March and April. The unique SHEBA profile measurements showed that the mean near-surface environment is strongly stable during 6 winter months, and near neutral or weakly stable during the other months. However, one-hour data show that neutral stratification does occur 25% of the time during the winter. The monthly mean flux profiles suggest that turbulent processes cool the near-surface atmosphere during the winter and warm it during the summer, though the sign of the sensible heat flux is negative during both the winter and July. The SHEBA SEB calculation is unique in its nearly exclusive use of observed rather than derived values. The magnitude of the best estimate of the annual net observed surface energy surplus at SHEBA (8.2 W m(-2)) was consistent with the observed surface ice and snowmelt and was in reasonable agreement with most previous estimates of the net annual SEB over the Arctic pack ice. However, the partitioning of the various components of the SEB differed in the SHEBA data. The SHEBA site had unusually large incoming longwave radiation in the fall and spring, giving an annual mean that was larger by 10.4-19.3 W m(-2). The site also had substantially less incoming solar radiation during most months than in previous estimates, producing a difference in the annual mean of 5.0-9.5 W m(-2) when compared to these estimates. The observed magnitudes of the sensible (-2.2 W m(-2)) and latent (1.1 W m(-2)) heat fluxes at SHEBA were smaller than previous climatological estimates, as were the conductive flux estimates (2.4-5.0 W m(-2)) at this site. Estimates of the measurement errors suggest that they are not likely to alter the conclusions concerning the SEB terms presented here but will prevent us from conclusively determining the reasons for the net thinning of the ice observed during SHEBA. C1 NOAA, ETL, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Persson, POG (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 63 TC 177 Z9 179 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS C10 AR 8045 DI 10.1029/2000JC000705 PG 35 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 638JN UT WOS:000180568000022 ER PT J AU Reniers, AJHM van Dongeren, AR Battjes, JA Thornton, EB AF Reniers, AJHM van Dongeren, AR Battjes, JA Thornton, EB TI Linear modeling of infragravity waves during Delilah SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE infragravity waves; directional spreading; linear modeling; field data; surf zone dynamics ID 0.005-0.05 HZ MOTIONS; EDGE WAVES; LONGSHORE CURRENTS; SURF BEAT; BARRED BEACHES; GENERATION; FREQUENCY; BREAKING; ZONE; NEARSHORE AB [1] The generation of infragravity waves by directionally spread shortwaves incident on an alongshore uniform beach is investigated. Two mechanisms responsible for the generation of infragravity waves are considered: the release of the bound infragravity waves associated with changes in the spatial variation of the incident shortwave energy and the forcing of trapped waves by obliquely incident directionally spread shortwaves. The infragravity wave response is examined using linear shallow water equations, taking into account the presence of bottom friction, setup of the mean water level, rollers, and longshore current. Summing all infragravity contributions due to difference interactions between pairs of shortwave spectral components with the same frequency difference results in infragravity energy density spectra. Calculated spectra are compared with measured spectra obtained during the Delilah field experiment for 11 consecutive days, including calm, mild, and storm conditions. In the comparison, attention is focused on the frequency distribution of the infragravity energy density throughout the surf zone and the transformation of the root mean square infragravity wave height. The measured infragravity response in the frequency range from 0.01 to 0.06 Hz is reproduced by the computations, with relatively broad spectra offshore and a clear nodal structure closer to shore. Typically 80% of the infragravity wave height variability is explained by the model of which 30% or less is due to bound infragravity waves. Differences occur mainly during storm events in which the infragravity energy is underpredicted in the outer surf zone and overpredicted in the inner surf zone. C1 Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Dutch Ctr Coastal Res NCK, Delft, Netherlands. RP Reniers, AJHM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Spanagel Hall, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 52 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS C10 AR 3137 DI 10.1029/2001JC001083 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 638JN UT WOS:000180568000010 ER PT J AU Nowak, I George, C AF Nowak, I George, C TI Stereoselective dimerization of benzylic amines derived from indoline SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBANION; ANALOGS AB Treatment of benzylic amines derived from 2-(acyloxymethyl)-5-nitroindolines with sodium hexamethyldisilazide leads to dimeric products resulting from deprotonation in the benzylic position, oxidation of the resulting carbanion to radical by the nitroarene moiety of another molecule, and stereoselective radical recombination. Only those two of six possible diastereoisomers are formed in which the recombination takes place from the less hindered face in the more stable conformation of the presumably near-planar radical. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Drug Discovery Program, Neurol Inst, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nowak, I (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Drug Discovery Program, Neurol Inst, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HETERO CORPORATION PI PROVO PA PO BOX 170, PROVO, UT 84603-0170 USA SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 BP 895 EP 900 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 602KA UT WOS:000178503400007 ER PT J AU Parkin, KG Stephan, RP Apilado, RG Lill-Elghanian, DA Lee, KP Saha, B Witte, PL AF Parkin, KG Stephan, RP Apilado, RG Lill-Elghanian, DA Lee, KP Saha, B Witte, PL TI Expression of CD28 by bone marrow stromal cells and its involvement in B lymphopoiesis SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM CULTURES; T-CELL; LYMPHO-HEMATOPOIESIS; ADHESION MOLECULE; PRO-B; PRECURSORS; GROWTH; INTERLEUKIN-7; PROGENITORS; MOUSE AB Young mice lacking CD28 have normal numbers of peripheral B cells; however, abnormalities exist in the humoral immune response that may result from an intrinsic defect in the B cells. The goal of this study was to assess whether CD28 could be involved in the development of B cells. CD28 mRNA was detected preferentially in the fraction of bone marrow enriched for stromal cells. Flow cytometry and RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that CD28 was also expressed by primary-cultured stromal cells that supported B lymphopoiesis. Confocal microscopy revealed that in the presence of B-lineage cells, CD28 was localized at the contact interface between B cell precursors and stromal cells. In addition, CD80 was detected on 2-6% of freshly isolated pro- and pre-B cells, and. IL-7 stimulation led to induction of CD86 on 15-20% of pro- and pre-B cells. We also observed that stromal cell-dependent production of B-lineage cells in vitro was greater on stromal cells that lacked CD28. Finally, the frequencies of B-lineage precursors in the marrow from young (4- to 8-wk-old) CD28(-/-) mice were similar to those in wild-type mice; however, older CD28(-/-) mice (15-19 mo old) exhibited a 30% decrease in pro-B cells and a 50% decrease in pre-B cells vs age-matched controls. Our results suggest that CD28 on bone marrow stromal cells participates in stromal-dependent regulation of B-lineage cells in the bone marrow. The localization of CD28 at the stromal cell:B cell precursor interface suggests that molecules important for T cell:B cell interactions in the periphery may also participate in stromal cell:B cell precursor interactions in the bone marrow. C1 Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol Neurobiol & Anat, Program Immunol & Aging, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Natl Ctr Cell Sci, Ganeshkhind, Maharashtra, India. USN, Med Res Inst, Immune Cell Biol Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Dev & Clin Immunol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Witte, PL (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol Neurobiol & Anat, Program Immunol & Aging, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 169 IS 5 BP 2292 EP 2302 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 586PV UT WOS:000177594100009 ER PT J AU Rubinstein, M Hanbicki, A Lubitz, P Osofsky, M Krebs, JJ Jonker, B AF Rubinstein, M Hanbicki, A Lubitz, P Osofsky, M Krebs, JJ Jonker, B TI Ferromagnetic resonance in (Ga,Mn)As SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE magnetic semiconductor; GaMnAs; FMR ID MANGANESE ACCEPTOR; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; SEMICONDUCTORS; GAAS AB Dilute magnetic semiconductors exhibit unique magnetic and transport properties which arise from the coupling of carrier spins and local moments. We have studied the ferromagnetic resonance spectra in ferromagnetic Mn-doped GaAs (with Mn concentrations similar to4-6%), whose properties are strongly influenced by this coupling. The resonance fields were found to have an anomalous temperature dependence, which we attribute to the development of a "bottleneck" between the two types of spins. The gyromagnetic ratio of hole spins in this p-type ferromagnetic semiconductor was found to be negative, with g similar to -0.5. At low temperatures, additional anisotropy appears, which we have attributed to the trapping of itinerant holes by the core spins. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rubinstein, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 250 IS 1-3 BP 164 EP 169 AR PII S0304-8853(02)00376-1 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00376-1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 608KB UT WOS:000178844100020 ER PT J AU Feldman, JL AF Feldman, JL TI Calculations of the generalized dynamic structure factor for amorphous silicon SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in Complex Systems (IDMRCS) CY JUN 17-23, 2001 CL IRAKLION, GREECE ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; GRUNEISEN PARAMETERS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; MODEL CALCULATION; BOSON PEAK; GLASSES; SI; EXCITATIONS; VIBRATIONS; SYSTEMS AB In an extension of our previous studies, a normal mode analysis is performed for a 4096 atom structural model, of cubic cell size L = 44 Angstrom, of amorphous silicon within the Stillinger Weber potential. The peaks in dynamic structure factor quantities S-L(Q, omega) and S-T(Q, omega), where L and T refer to projections of eigenvectors onto vectors parallel and perpendicular to Q, are studied. An attempt is made to estimate loffe-Regel crossover frequencies. In agreement with a previous estimate for the commencement of diffusons a frequency corresponding to 17 meV is found for the transverse-like loffe-Regel crossover. S-L for fixed Q, is found to be reasonably Lorentzian up to Q = 3 (2pi/L). S-L functions which have peak-height frequencies above the transverse acoustic maximum frequency omega(T max) are strongly skewed towards higher frequencies. The Lorentzian breadths below and above omega(T max) are roughly of the forms Q(2) and Q(4), respectively. Finally, a small positive dispersion describes the peak positions of S-L, in qualitative agreement with related studies on other model glassy systems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feldman, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP PY 2002 VL 307 BP 128 EP 134 AR PII S0022-3093(02)01450-3 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01450-3 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 594FJ UT WOS:000178038100019 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Santangelo, PG AF Roland, CM Santangelo, PG TI Effect of temperature on the terminal relaxation of branched polydimethysiloxane SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in Complex Systems (IDMRCS) CY JUN 17-23, 2001 CL IRAKLION, GREECE ID VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; POLYMER MELTS; THERMORHEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY; LONG BRANCHES; POLYISOBUTYLENE; DEPENDENCE; RHEOLOGY; MOTION AB The effect of long chain branching on the rheology of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was investigated. Due to the low glass temperature and high thermal stability of PDMS, the terminal relaxation could be measured at temperatures more than 270degrees above the polymer's glass temperature. Over the measured range, the data for all samples conformed to the time-temperature superposition principle and exhibited Arrhenius behavior. Activation energies, determined from the zero-shear viscosity of a linear and a commercial PDMS were equal to within the experimental error. Branching of the latter by chemical reaction did not change the temperature dependence of its terminal shift factors. This demonstrates that similar to polyisobutylene, but quite distinct from polyethylene, 1,4-polyisoprene, and 1,4-polybutadiene, long-chain branching does not affect the temperature dependence of the terminal rheology of PDMS. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP PY 2002 VL 307 BP 835 EP 841 AR PII S0022-3093(02)01528-4 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01528-4 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 594FJ UT WOS:000178038100111 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Wang, Y Moynihan, CT AF Ngai, KL Wang, Y Moynihan, CT TI The mixed alkali effect revisited: the importance of ion-ion interactions SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in Complex Systems (IDMRCS) CY JUN 17-23, 2001 CL IRAKLION, GREECE ID IONICALLY CONDUCTING GLASSES; ELECTRICAL RELAXATION; OXIDE GLASSES; MOBILE IONS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; KOHLRAUSCH EXPONENT; METASILICATE GLASS; GERMANATE GLASSES; SILICATE-GLASSES AB The most dramatic mixed alkali (MA) effect occurs in the dilute foreign alkali region where analysis has shown that one foreign alkali appears to immobilize a large number of host ions. This large number can now be rationalized, if ionion interaction is taken into consideration, by a similar situation in an analogous interacting system of neutral molecules. In this case molecular dynamics data have shown that a frozen particle can immobilize not just its nearest neighbor particles, but that the effect propagates to longer distances. The immobilized ions account for the excess low frequency response and the large dielectric strength of MA glasses. The electric modulus suppresses this excess low frequency response and accentuates the mobile ion contribution. The large decrease in the concentration of mobile ions when mixing two alkalis and the concomitant reduction of ion-ion interactions between them leads to an explanation of the narrowing of the electric modulus dispersion in high alkali content glasses. The non-additivity of conductivities and the opposite behavior of the broadening of the electric modulus dispersion when mixing two alkalis in glasses with very low total alkali content is due to partial spatial blockage of transport of the more mobile ions by regions containing the less mobile ions. The mechanisms proposed for the MA effect work also for crystalline ionic conductors as well. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6807,Room 224,Bldg, 208, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 70 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP PY 2002 VL 307 BP 999 EP 1011 AR PII S0022-3093(02)0156-X DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01565-X PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 594FJ UT WOS:000178038100134 ER PT J AU Rivera, A Santamaria, J Leon, C Sanz, J Varsamis, CPE Chryssikos, GD Ngai, KL AF Rivera, A Santamaria, J Leon, C Sanz, J Varsamis, CPE Chryssikos, GD Ngai, KL TI Origin and properties of the nearly constant loss in crystalline and glassy ionic conductors SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in Complex Systems (IDMRCS) CY JUN 17-23, 2001 CL IRAKLION, GREECE ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY RELAXATION; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; AC CONDUCTIVITY; NONLINEAR LATTICES; DISORDERED SOLIDS; SLOW RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE; UNIVERSALITY; BEHAVIOR; SPECTRA AB We report on the temperature and mass dependence of the nearly constant loss (NCL) in several ionically conducting materials, both crystalline (Li-0.18 La-0.61 TiO3 and (Y2O3)(0.16) (ZrO2)(0.84)) and glassy (M2O . 3B(2)O(3), M = Li, Na, K and Rb). The magnitude A of the NCL is found to be larger for those materials showing higher dc conductivity values at room temperature, and shows weak temperature dependence of the form A proportional to exp(bT) in all cases. We have also found that A systematically decreases upon increasing the mass of the mobile alkali ion in the borate glasses. All these results point to the relaxation of ions in a very slowly decaying cage as the origin of the NCL. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, GFMC, Dpto Fis Aplicada 3, Madrid 28040, Spain. CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, Canto Blanco 28049, Spain. Natl Hellen Res Fdn, Inst Theoret & Phys Chem, GR-11635 Athens, Greece. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leon, C (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, GFMC, Dpto Fis Aplicada 3, Madrid 28040, Spain. RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; Chryssikos, Georgios/L-6488-2013; sanz, jesus/B-2071-2010; Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; sanz, jesus/0000-0002-9179-2191; Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1024 EP 1030 AR PII S0022-3093(02)01568-5 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01568-5 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 594FJ UT WOS:000178038100137 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Rendell, RW Leon, C AF Ngai, KL Rendell, RW Leon, C TI The crossover from the near constant loss to ion hopping ac conductivity in ionic conductors: the crossover times SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in Complex Systems (IDMRCS) CY JUN 17-23, 2001 CL IRAKLION, GREECE ID GLASS TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURE; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; IODIDE-SILVER SELENATE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; ELECTRICAL RELAXATION; ACTIVATION-ENERGIES; FORMING SYSTEMS; FAST DYNAMICS; MOBILE IONS AB We show how the near constant loss (NCL) crosses over to cooperative ion hopping from extensive dielectric measurements of the glass-forming molten salt 0.4Ca(NO3)(2)-0.6KNO(3) (CKN) of Lunkenheimer and co-workers at temperatures below and above the glass transition temperature. The NCL ends when time exceeds t(x1) and cooperative hopping becomes prominent beyond t(x2). The crossover, occurring over the time region t(x1) < t < t(x2), is not sharp but t(x1) and t(x2) are not far from each other in order of magnitude. At most temperatures the primitive relaxation time tau(0) of an ion in the coupling model calculated from the experimental data lies inside the crossover region and is not much shorter than t(x2) Since tau(0) is the relaxation time of a caged ion in a potential well to overcome the energy barrier by thermal activation, the findings here support the proposal that the origin of the NCL comes from the very slow decay with time of the cage confining the ion in its potential well. A simple theoretical model of a caged particle that has its cage decaying very slowly with time is solved numerically and a NCL over many decades of frequency is reproduced. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, GFMC, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6807,Room 224,Bldg 208, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843 NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1039 EP 1049 AR PII S0022-3093(02)01570-3 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01570-3 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 594FJ UT WOS:000178038100139 ER PT J AU Drenkard, K Rigotti, G Hanfling, D Fahlgren, TL LaFrancois, G AF Drenkard, K Rigotti, G Hanfling, D Fahlgren, TL LaFrancois, G TI Healthcare system disaster preparedness, Part 1 - Readiness planning SO JOURNAL OF NURSING ADMINISTRATION LA English DT Article AB Recent world events have raised the scope and intensity of disaster planning and readiness activities, including assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. In all efforts, the chief nurse executive is critical to the clinical operations and implementation of changes across a system. whether that system is a single hospital or a multiple site integrated healthcare system. In this article (part 1 of a 2-part series), the authors discuss the use of the nursing process as a framework to prepare for an all-hazards threat to disaster and mass casualty possibilities. They share one region's attempt to better integrate communication efforts across all care providers, including public health, county fire and rescue, state agencies, and hospital and service providers. Part 2 (October 2002) will discuss the role competencies of the nurse executive in disaster preparation. C1 Inova Hlth Syst, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. Inova Fairfax Hosp, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. USN, Washington, DC USA. USA, Washington, DC USA. RP Drenkard, K (reprint author), Inova Hlth Syst, 2990 Telestar Court, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-0443 J9 J NURS ADMIN JI J. Nurs. Adm. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 32 IS 9 BP 461 EP 469 DI 10.1097/00005110-200209000-00008 PG 9 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 595XG UT WOS:000178133400007 PM 12360118 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, ID Sanghera, JS AF Aggarwal, ID Sanghera, JS TI Development and applications of chalcogenide glass optical fibers at NRL SO JOURNAL OF OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE chalcogenide glass; optical fiber ID S GLASS; IR; AMPLIFIERS; SPECTROSCOPY; FABRICATION; GENERATION; EMISSION; BUNDLE; LASER AB Chalcogenide glass fibers based on sulphide, selenide, telluride and their rare earth doped compositions are being actively pursued. Great strides have been made in reducing optical losses using improved chemical purification and fiber drawing techniques. Chalcogenide glass fibers are enabling numerous applications which include laser power delivery, chemical sensing, imaging, scanning near field microscopy/spectroscopy, IR sources/lasers, amplifiers and optical switches. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aggarwal, ID (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 75 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATL INST OPTOELECTRONICS PI BUCHAREST-MAGURELE PA 1 ATOMISTILOR ST, PO BOX MG-5, BUCHAREST-MAGURELE 76900, ROMANIA SN 1454-4164 J9 J OPTOELECTRON ADV M JI J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 4 IS 3 BP 665 EP 678 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 583CD UT WOS:000177387200023 ER PT J AU McClean, JL Poulain, PM Pelton, JW Maltrud, ME AF McClean, JL Poulain, PM Pelton, JW Maltrud, ME TI Eulerian and lagrangian statistics from surface drifters and a high-resolution POP simulation in the North Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL OCEAN CIRCULATION; EDDY KINETIC-ENERGY; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MODEL AB Eulerian and Lagrangian statistics were calculated from the North Atlantic surface drifter dataset for the years 1993-97 and a high-resolution eddy-resolving configuration of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Parallel Ocean Program (POP) model. The main purpose of the study was to statistically quantify the state of the surface circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean for this period and compare it with the equivalent modeled state. Diffusivities and time and length scales are anisotropic over most of the ocean basin, except in most of the subpolar regions. Typical time and length scales are 2-4 days and 20-50 km. Longest timescales are found in the energetically quiescent regions in the south and southeast sectors of the basin. The longest length scales are found in the energetic western boundary current system, the most dispersive region of the domain. In many respects the eddy-resolving model reproduced a surface circulation in good statistical agreement with that depicted by the drifters. Model time and length scales were also anisotropic, with typical timescales of 2-4 days and length scales of 20-50 km in the zonal direction, and 30-50 km in the meridional direction. An eddy-permitting POP simulation produced unrealistic time and length scales that were too long and too short relative to the drifter scales; these were attributed to the model being too stable hydrodynamically. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP McClean, JL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OC-Mn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Poulain, Pierre-Marie/0000-0003-1342-8463 NR 35 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 32 IS 9 BP 2472 EP 2491 DI 10.1175/1520-0485-32.9.2472 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 588GX UT WOS:000177694700004 ER PT J AU Werby, MF Uberall, H AF Werby, MF Uberall, H TI A systematic study of water-filled submerged elastic spherical shells and the resolution of elastic- and water-included resonances SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVES; DISPERSION AB Water-filled elastic shells present more complicated backscattered echoes when compared to evacuated shells and are less well understood. The objective here is to determine and explain features peculiar to such objects and to use these features to aid in object characterization. Towards that end, an acoustic background suitable for such targets in conjunction with "residual" partial wave analysis obtained from subtracting the background from the elastic response is used. This analysis is aided by the determination and comparison of plate modes and resonance locations of evacuated unloaded, evacuated loaded, and loaded water-filled shells. Analysis of water-filled shells suggests that there exist isolated narrow, uniformly spaced eigenmodes in addition to the elastic modes. The broader elastic modes appear split in comparison to their unloaded counterparts, Otherwise, the elastic modes are not greatly affected by the included eigenmodes. The isolated (included) eigenmodes are extremely well modeled by a water inclusion in an infinite elastic matrix composed of the elastic shell material. The splitting of elastic modes proves to be due to interference of the included eigenmodes and the elastic body resonances. This leads to what appear to be separate branches of dispersion curves related to the elastic modes. Because of the numerous and usually evenly spaced included eigenmodes, dispersion curves are dominated by the abundance of these modes. A clear picture of the physical processes emerges from this analysis that explain, all features of this event. Simple sets of rules that lead to tractable calculations are introduced that facilitate analysis of this interesting physical process. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Werby, MF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 112 IS 3 BP 896 EP 905 DI 10.1121/1.1467673 PN 1 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 593MZ UT WOS:000177996400012 PM 12243177 ER PT J AU Marcus, MH Houston, BH AF Marcus, MH Houston, BH TI The effect of internal point masses on the radiation of a ribbed cylindrical shell SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; VIBRATION AB A finite element analysis is performed on a submerged cylindrical shell with internal frames and point masses attached to the frames. A point force on the shell is shown to excite resonances of the frames. Without the point masses, most of these resonances are evanescent and do not radiate to the far field. With the point masses, the high circumferential order resonances couple with those at low circumferential order with the result of increasing radiation to the far field. In this investigation, the radiation increase is about 10 dB over a broad frequency range (1.5 to 3 times the ling resonance). (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marcus, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 112 IS 3 BP 961 EP 965 DI 10.1121/1.1497618 PN 1 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 593MZ UT WOS:000177996400019 PM 12243184 ER PT J AU Brown, JR Williams, DC Gwinn, TA Presley, SH Beavers, GM AF Brown, JR Williams, DC Gwinn, TA Presley, SH Beavers, GM TI Indoor low-volume spray trials: Handheld equipment evaluation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE low-volume spray; Aedes aegypti; handheld sprayer ID MALATHION AB Four handheld aerosol-mist generators and I thermal fog generator were evaluated initially for their ability to deliver low flow rates (less than or equal to 5 ml/min) of resmethrin insecticide. Two generators, the London Fog Eliminator(R) and Clarke P1 (R), were then selected from that group to conduct a treatment of a block of 16 residences (4 X 4 grid) vs. direct treatment of individual residences to determine the most efficacious method of treating a group of small dwellings or a village. Data are presented on droplet density, volume median diameter, and mortality of caged mosquitoes treated with the PI and Eliminator in residences treated as a group; and mortality for caged Aedes aegypti L. in residences treated individually with the PI at various flow control settings and spray-on times. C1 Navy Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Brown, JR (reprint author), Navy Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Naval Air Stn, POB 43, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 232 EP 235 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 747ZR UT WOS:000186837300017 PM 12322948 ER PT J AU Miller, OF Lashley, DB McAleer, IM Kaplan, GW AF Miller, OF Lashley, DB McAleer, IM Kaplan, GW TI Diagnosis of urethral obstruction with prenatal magnetic resonance imaging SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE urethral obstruction; prenatal diagnosis; magnetic resonance imaging ID URINARY-TRACT ABNORMALITIES; FETUS; ULTRASONOGRAPHY AB Ultrasonography is the primary modality used in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformations. Most urinary tract abnormalities can be visualized at 18 to 20 weeks of gestation.(1,2) Decreasing amniotic fluid volume can be seen in the second trimester, which is when most urological anomalies are detected. While ultrasonography is cost-effective and readily available, diagnosis of uropathological conditions can be difficult in the presence of oligohydramnios, a common finding in fetal genitourinary abnormalities.(3) Other modalities that can improve prenatal detection of fetal malformations include 3-dimensional (D) ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with or without amnio-infusion.(4,5) Amnio-infusion is invasive and is associated with increased risk of chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of the membranes and premature labor. The availability and quality of the examination as well as the skill of the examiner can limit 3-D ultrasound evaluation.(6) 3-D ultrasonography is further impaired by oligohydramnios as in standard 2-D ultrasound evaluation. MRI using ultrafast sequences is useful in late pregnancy, provides excellent soft tissue characterization and can detect fetal abnormalities even in the presence of oligohydramnios.(7) We report the prenatal diagnosis of urethral obstruction with MRI. C1 USN, Dept Clin Invest, Med Ctr, KCA, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Miller, OF (reprint author), USN, Dept Clin Invest, Med Ctr, KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 168 IS 3 BP 1158 EP 1159 AR UNSP 0022-5347/02/1683-1158/0 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000025863.28844.c7 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 585TA UT WOS:000177539600081 PM 12187261 ER PT J AU Kopke, RD Coleman, JKM Liu, JZ Campbell, KCM Riffenburgh, RH AF Kopke, RD Coleman, JKM Liu, JZ Campbell, KCM Riffenburgh, RH TI Enhancing intrinsic cochlear stress defenses to reduce noise-induced hearing loss SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Review DE Noise-induced HL; acetyl-L-carnitine; carbamathione; methionine; oxidative stress ID GUINEA-PIG COCHLEA; ACETYL-L-CARNITINE; TEMPORARY THRESHOLD SHIFTS; EXCITATORY AMINO-ACIDS; FREE-RADICAL FORMATION; ACUTE ACOUSTIC TRAUMA; AUDITORY HAIR-CELLS; D-METHIONINE; GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; IMPULSE-NOISE AB Objectives/Hypothesis: Oxidative stress plays a substantial role in the genesis of noise-induced cochlear injury that causes permanent hearing loss. We present the results of three different approaches to enhance intrinsic cochlear defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. This article explores, through the following set of hypotheses, some of the postulated causes of noise-induced cochlear oxidative stress (NICOS) and how noise-induced cochlear damage may be reduced pharmacologically. 1) NICOS is in part related to defects in mitochondrial bioenergetics and biogenesis. Therefore, NICOS can be reduced by acetyl-L carnitine (ALCAR), an endogenous mitochondrial membrane compound that helps maintain mitochondrial bioenergetics and biogenesis in the face of oxidative stress. 2) A contributing factor in NICOS injury is glutamate excitotoxicity, which can be reduced by antagonizing the action of cochlear N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors using carbamathione, which acts as a glutamate antagonist. 3) Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) may be characterized as a cochlear-reduced glutathione (GSH) deficiency state; therefore, strategies to enhance cochlear GSH levels may reduce noise-induced cochlear injury. The objective of this study was to document the reduction in noise-induced hearing and hair cell loss, following application of ALCAR, carbamathione, and a GSH repletion drug D-methionine (MET), to a model of noise-induced hearing loss. Study Design: This was a prospective, blinded observer study using the above-listed agents as modulators of the noise-induced cochlear injury response in the species chinchilla laniger. Methods. Adult chinchilla laniger had baseline-hearing thresholds determined by auditory brainstem response (ABR) recording. The animals then received injections of saline or saline plus active experimental compound starting before and continuing after a 6-hour 105 dB SPL continuous 4-kHz octave band noise exposure. ABRs were obtained immediately after noise exposure and weekly for 3 weeks. After euthanization, cochlear hair cell counts were obtained and analyzed. Results. ALCAR administration reduced noise-induced threshold shifts. Three weeks after noise exposure, no threshold shift at 2 to 4 kHz and < 10 dB threshold shifts were seen at 6 to 8 kHz in ALCAR-treated animals compared with 30 to 35 dB in control animals. ALCAR treatment reduced both inner and outer hair cell loss. OHC loss averaged <10%, for the 4- to 10-kHz region in ALCAR-treated animals and 60%, in saline-injected-noise-exposed control animals. Noise-induced threshold shifts were also reduced in carbamathione-treated animals. At 3 weeks, threshold shifts averaged 15 dB or less at all frequencies in treated animals and 30 to 35 dB in control animals. Averaged OHC losses were 30%, to 40% in carbamathione-treated animals and 60%, in control animals. IHC losses were 5% in the 4- to 10-kHz region in treated animals and 10%, to 20% in control animals. MET administration reduced noise-induced threshold shifts. ANOVA revealed a significant difference (P<.001). Mean OHC and IHC losses were also significantly reduced (P<.001). Conclusions: These data lend further support to the growing body of evidence that oxidative stress, generated in part by glutamate excitotoxicity, impaired mitochondrial function and GSH depletion causes cochlear injury induced by noise. Enhancing the cellular oxidative stress defense pathways in the cochlea eliminates noise-induced cochlear injury. The data also suggest strategies for therapeutic intervention to reduce NIHL clinically. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Def Spatial Orientat Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA USA. So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Dept Audiol, Springfield, IL USA. RP Kopke, RD (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Def Spatial Orientat Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 200, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM rdkopke@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 144 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD SEP PY 2002 VL 112 IS 9 BP 1515 EP 1532 DI 10.1097/00005537-200209000-00001 PG 18 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 592KT UT WOS:000177937400001 PM 12352659 ER PT J AU Leap, MJ Brown, EL AF Leap, MJ Brown, EL TI Effects of composition and processing on development of grain coarsening resistance in cold forged and carburised steel SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-CARBON STEEL; AUSTENITE; RECRYSTALLIZATION; PRECIPITATION; CEMENTITE; MODEL AB A series of high nitrogen 0.2 wt-%C steels was melted to evaluate the effects of composition and processing on the isochronal austenite grain coarsening resistance of cold forged compression specimens during simulated carburising. Steels containing aluminium or combinations of aluminium and vanadium exhibit good grain coarsening resistance in the presence of a sufficiently high content of grain refining precipitates, whereas steels containing niobium and aluminium exhibit an extremely high degree of microstructural stability as a result of the relative thermodynamic independence with which Nb(C,N) and AIN coexist in austenite. In addition to the effects of grain refining precipitates, the evolution of the ferrite -carbide microstructure and the elimination of microstructural strain before austenitisation have a significant effect on grain coarsening resistance independent of steel composition. Grain coarsening resistance in this context is beneficially affected by reheating and hot rolling at high temperatures, subcritical (precipitation) annealing before cold forging, and subcritical annealing after cold forging. C1 Timken Co, Adv Mat Res & Dev Dept, Canton, OH 44706 USA. EB Sci Enterprises, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Leap, MJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 18 IS 9 BP 945 EP 958 DI 10.1179/026708302225004937 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 601QG UT WOS:000178457900001 ER PT J AU Harvey, DP Kalyanaraman, R Sudarshan, TS AF Harvey, DP Kalyanaraman, R Sudarshan, TS TI Consolidation and mechanical behaviour of nanocrystalline iron powder SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Iron nanopowders, with an average diameter of < 100 nm, were consolidated using plasma pressure compaction ((PC)-C-2). The consolidated samples produced were of the order of 15 mm in diameter and 4.1 mm thick. The time and pressure of compaction were varied in order to study the effects of processing variables on the microstructure and the mechanical behaviour in compression of the materials. It was found that the compliance of the loading curves was a function of the mesoscale porosity in the specimens. The strain to failure was found to be a function of the porosity on the microscale. The optimal strength and ductility were achieved in specimens in which a fully dense (on the microscale), platelet structure had developed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mat Modificat Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. RP Harvey, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 18 IS 9 BP 959 EP 963 DI 10.1179/026708302225004757 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 601QG UT WOS:000178457900002 ER PT J AU Chandler, KW Peddieson, J Idem, SA Rochelle, SG AF Chandler, KW Peddieson, J Idem, SA Rochelle, SG TI An improved ID fiber dry spinning mass transfer model SO MECHANICS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB A method of extending one-dimensional models of fiber dry spinning to take differences between surface and average mass concentrations into account is evaluated using an idealized model problem. Based on a closed form solution of the model problem, it is concluded that the method (which involves the introduction of a separate surface concentration variable and a corresponding additional equation) works well. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Eastman Chem Co, Kingsport, TN 37662 USA. RP Peddieson, J (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0093-6413 J9 MECH RES COMMUN JI Mech. Res. Commun. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 29 IS 5 BP 351 EP 357 AR PII S0093-6413(02)00267-7 DI 10.1016/S0093-6413(02)00267-7 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 611DV UT WOS:000179001900009 ER PT J AU Schneider, SM Watenpaugh, DE Lee, SMC Ertl, AC Williams, WJ Ballard, RE Hargens, AR AF Schneider, SM Watenpaugh, DE Lee, SMC Ertl, AC Williams, WJ Ballard, RE Hargens, AR TI Lower-body negative-pressure exercise and bed-rest-mediated orthostatic intolerance SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE blood pressure; catecholamines; microgravity; epinephrine ID UPRIGHT EXERCISE; CARDIAC ATROPHY; SPACEFLIGHT; RESPONSES; TOLERANCE; ASTRONAUTS AB Purpose: Supine, moderate exercise is ineffective in maintaining orthostatic tolerance after bed rest (BR). Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that adding an orthostatic stress during exercise would maintain orthostatic function after BR. Methods: Seven healthy men completed duplicate 15-d 6degrees head-down tilt BR using a crossover design. During one BR, subjects did not exercise (CON). During another BR, subjects exercised for 40 min(.)d(-1) on a supine treadmill against 50-60 mm Hg LBNP (EX). Exercise training consisted of an interval exercise protocol of 2- to 3-min intervals alternating between 41 and 65% VO2max. Before and after BR, an LBNP tolerance test was performed in which the LBNP chamber was decompressed in 10-mm Hg stages every 3 min until presyncope. Results: LBNP tolerance, as assessed by the cumulative stress index (CSI) decreased after BR in both the CON (830 +/- 144, pre-BR vs 524 +/- 56 mm Hg-min, post-BR) and the EX (949 +/- 118 pre-BR vs 560 +/- 44 mm Hg.min, post-BR) conditions. However, subtolerance (0 to -50 mm Hg LBNP) heart rates were lower and systolic blood pressures were better maintained after BR in the EX condition compared with CON. Conclusion: Moderate exercise performed against LBNP simulating an upright 1-g environment failed to protect orthostatic tolerance after 15 d of BR. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Human Performance & Dev, Johnson Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT USA. Wyle Life Sci Inc, Houston, TX USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Schneider, SM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Human Performance & Dev, Johnson Ctr, Room 126, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1446 EP 1453 DI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000027761.31366.06 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 593MR UT WOS:000177995700008 PM 12218737 ER PT J AU Cooper, KP Jones, HN AF Cooper, KP Jones, HN TI Phase transformation-Induced grain refinement in rapidly solidified ultra-high-carbon steels SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION AB Superplastic forming offers a promising approach for reducing the cost of high-performance metal components with complex shapes. Severe thermomechanical deformation is one method for producing the fine grain structure needed to permit superplastic forming economically. Our approach to generating fine-grained microstructures is by cyclic heat treatment of rapidly solidified material. First, a metastable structure is produced by rapid quenching of the liquid metal. Then, solid-state phase transformations at modest temperatures are employed to refine this structure. In the ultra-high-carbon steels (UHCS) studied, the brittle as-cast structure of martensite and austenite was transformed, after cyclic heat treatment, to a ductile mixture of 1-mum ferrite and 0.25-mum carbide. Varying the heat-treat temperatures by 100 degreesC within the transformation range had little effect on the scale of the microstructure. Higher C resulted in coarser carbide spheroids, addition of Al refined the microstructure, and the finest mean carbide size was obtained with an intermediate level (5 pct) of Cr. Refinement of the martensite plates retained austenite via cyclic tempering and austenitization was found to be the key step in the overall mechanism for phase transformation-induced grain refinement in rapidly solidified UHCS. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 33 IS 9 BP 2789 EP 2799 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0264-5 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 595VR UT WOS:000178129700003 ER PT J AU Bill, JA Chavez, RB AF Bill, JA Chavez, RB TI The politics of incoherence: The United States and the Middle East SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The world today is caught in the midst of fundamental incoherence. Old systems tear and unravel while new systems have not yet formed to take their places. The challenge of incoherence is especially acute in the Middle East where gaps, divisions, and inequities prevail. United States foreign policy has not yet succeeded in addressing the issue of revolutionary change. This article lists seven specific policy recommendations that are designed to assist American policymakers meet this challenge. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bill, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N STREET NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 56 IS 4 BP 562 EP 575 PG 14 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 615TZ UT WOS:000179264100001 ER PT J AU Orndorff, GR Maroli, M Cooper, B Rankin, SE AF Orndorff, GR Maroli, M Cooper, B Rankin, SE TI Leishmaniasis in Sicily (Italy): An investigation of the distribution and prevalence of phlebotomine sandflies in Catania province SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Catania province, Sicily, is an important foci for human visceral leishmaniasis. Current data indicate an annual average incidence of 10 registered cases per year during the past 3 years. Of registered cases, more than 20% were among individuals who were also human immunodeficiency virus positive. Since the 1930s, no vector studies have been performed in this area. From May through November 1997, sandflies were collected using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps and a sticky-trap method. Collecting sites were chosen throughout Catania and represent the diversity of the region (rural, semiurban, and sylvan areas). Meteorological data were recorded during the survey. The most common species, of 2,775 specimens collected and identified, was Phlebotomus perniciosus (23.3%), followed by Phlebotomus perfiliewi (1.1%) and Phlebotomus neglectus (0.2%); one specimen of Phlebotomus; papatasi was found at the site. Sergentomyia minuta (72.4%) was found at all sampling sites. None of 137 sandfly females, which were caught at the Brucoli and Sigonella stations and dissected for natural transmission study, contained parasites. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Occupat Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Norfolk, VA 23513 USA. Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Dept Med, USS Harry S Truman, Portsmouth, VA 23701 USA. Ist Super Sanita, Dept Entomol, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RP Orndorff, GR (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Occupat Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 167 IS 9 BP 715 EP 718 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EA UT WOS:000181421200005 PM 12363159 ER PT J AU Booth-Kewley, S Larson, GE Ryan, MAK AF Booth-Kewley, S Larson, GE Ryan, MAK TI Predictors of navy attrition. I. Analysis of 1-year attrition SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB First-term attrition, defined as failing to complete the contracted first enlistment term, is one of the most serious and costly problems faced by the U.S. Navy. This study was an investigation of 1-year Navy attrition in relation to demographic factors and variables assessed by the Sailors' Health Inventory Program (SHIP) questionnaire, a medical and psychosocial history questionnaire completed by all Navy recruits. Overall attrition, as well as specific categories of attrition (e.g., medical, behavioral, and administrative), were studied. The sample consisted of 66,690 Navy recruits whose status (retention vs. attrition) could be tracked to the 1-year mark. The strongest predictors of overall attrition were educational level, self-reported history of shortness of breath, ever being suspended or expelled from school, history of depression/excessive worry, fainting or dizziness, and recurrent back pain. Many other medical and psychosocial items from SHIP were also predictive of attrition. Similar factors were associated with different categories of attrition (e.g., medical, behavioral). The implications of these findings for attrition reduction strategies are discussed. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Booth-Kewley, S (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 167 IS 9 BP 760 EP 769 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EA UT WOS:000181421200015 PM 12363169 ER PT J AU Larson, GE Booth-Kewley, S Ryan, MAK AF Larson, GE Booth-Kewley, S Ryan, MAK TI Predictors of navy attrition. II. A demonstration of potential usefulness for screening SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGE AB The Sailors Health Inventory Program (SHIP) questionnaire is a medical and psychosocial history questionnaire completed by all Navy recruits. This study was an investigation of the potential usefulness of the SHIP questionnaire for screening to reduce basic training attrition. The sample consisted of 66,690 Navy recruits. Although the most valid individual SHIP items for predicting attrition tended to be psychological or behavioral in nature, a composite of 40 diverse SHIP questions (including medical questions) was found to be the best overall attrition predictor. Further analyses revealed that the 40-item composite is a considerably more powerful attrition predictor than is either educational credential or mental ability score, which together are currently the U.S. military's primary attrition management tools. Finally, the consequences of using different cutoff scores on the 40-item composite were simulated so that various hypothetical screening strategies could be considered. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Larson, GE (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 167 IS 9 BP 770 EP 776 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EA UT WOS:000181421200016 PM 12363170 ER PT J AU Perez-Torres, MA Alberdi, A Marcaide, JM Guirado, JC Lara, L Mantovani, F Ros, E Weiler, KW AF Perez-Torres, MA Alberdi, A Marcaide, JM Guirado, JC Lara, L Mantovani, F Ros, E Weiler, KW TI A distorted radio shell in the young supernova SN 1986J SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE techniques : interferometric; supernovae : individual : SN 1986J; supernova remnants; galaxies : individual : NGC 891; radio continuum : stars ID SYNCHROTRON SELF-ABSORPTION; EMISSION; 1993J; SN-1986J; REMNANT; SPECTRA; WIND AB We report here on 5-GHz global very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of SN 1986J, 16 yr after its explosion. We obtained a high-resolution image of the supernova, which shows a distorted shell of radio emission, indicative of a deformation of the shock front. The angular size of the shell is similar to4.7 mas, corresponding to a linear size of similar to6.8 x 10(17) cm for a distance of 9.6 Mpc to NGC 891. The average speed of the shell has decreased from similar to7400 km s(-1) in 1988.74 down to about 6300 km s(-1) in 1999.14, indicative of a mild deceleration in the expansion of SN 1986J. Assuming a standard density profile for the progenitor wind (rho(cs) proportional to r(-s), s = 2), the swept-up mass by the shock front is similar to2.2 M.. This large swept-up mass, coupled with the mild deceleration suffered by the supernova, suggests that the mass of the hydrogen-rich envelope ejected at explosion was greater than or similar to12 M.. Thus, the supernova progenitor must have kept intact most of its hydrogen-rich envelope by the time of explosion, which favours a single, massive star progenitor scenario. We find a flux density for SN 1986J of similar to7.2 mJy at the observing frequency of 5 GHz, which results in a radio luminosity of similar to1.4 x 10(37) erg s(-1) for the frequency range 10(7)-10(10) Hz (alpha = 0 69; S-nu proportional tonu(alpha)). We detect four bright knots that delineate the shell structure, and an absolute minimum of emission, which we tentatively identify with the centre of the supernova explosion. If this is the case, SN 1986J has then suffered an asymmetric expansion. We suggest that this asymmetry is due to the collision of the supernova ejecta with an anisotropic, clumpy (or filamentary) medium. C1 CNR, Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Univ Valencia, Dept Astron & Astrofis, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Perez-Torres, MA (reprint author), CNR, Ist Radioastron, Via P Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 335 IS 1 BP L23 EP L28 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05809.x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 589ZB UT WOS:000177790700005 ER PT J AU Klein, PM Harr, PA Elsberry, RL AF Klein, PM Harr, PA Elsberry, RL TI Extratropical transition of Western North Pacific tropical cyclones: Midlatitude and tropical cyclone contributions to reintensification SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM; TRANSFORMATION; MODEL AB This study of extratropical transition of western North Pacific tropical cyclones (TCs) addresses the reintensification stage during which the TC remnants develop as an extratropical cyclone. The hypothesis examined here is that reintensification depends on the interaction between the midlatitude circulation contributions from mid- and upper-level dynamic processes, low-level thermal processes from the decaying TC, and upper-level outflow characteristics from the decaying TC. Reintensification occurs when the combination of the dynamic and thermodynamic processes define a region that is favorable for extratropical cyclone development. The midlatitude circulation contribution to reintensification is characterized by comparing a control forecast made with an atmosphere-only version of the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System with a simulation in which the TC has been removed (NOTC). The midlatitude contribution is favorable if a significant extratropical cyclone forms in the NOTC simulation. A neutral midlatitude contribution is defined to occur when weak or no extratropical cyclogenesis occurs in the NOTC simulation. Finally, an unfavorable midlatitude contribution occurs when anticyclogenesis is predicted in the NOTC simulation. The TC contribution to the reintensification is characterized in a similar manner by assessing the different reintensification characteristics between a control simulation and the NOTC simulation. Within favorable, neutral, and unfavorable midlatitude categories, the initial vortex is displaced to achieve increased (decreased) interactions between the TC remnants and midlatitude development region and, thus, more (less) reintensification. The displaced-vortex simulations indicate an interaction between the TC and the midlatitude circulation may shift the location of the development region and vary the relative contributions from various physical processes to the development. Reintensification is favored when the upper-level TC outflow enhances the equatorward entrance region of a downstream jet streak, and when the TC remnant circulation interacts with the lower-tropospheric baroclinic zone. Thus the interaction is not a static process, but a dynamic process in which both the TC and midlatitude circulation have a contribution. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Harr, PA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR-Hp,589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 56 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 130 IS 9 BP 2240 EP 2259 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<2240:ETOWNP>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 578JK UT WOS:000177113500006 ER PT J AU Pavlopoulos, TG AF Pavlopoulos, TG TI Blue-green dye lasers for underwater illumination SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Advances in underwater viewing can be expected by employing powerful blue-green dye lasers as illumination sources. For minimum transmission losses, the spectral characteristics of the seawater must coincide with the laser action spectral region. Propagation of light through the ocean environment is discussed. Presently available blue-green laser systems are briefly reviewed. It was concluded that a commercially available dye laser, operating at the seawater transmission window, provides the best near term-solution. Such a dye laser is capable of delivering up to about 3 joules per pulse at a rate of 10 to 50 Hz. A synchronized video camera takes pictures of the illuminated area. In the future, a powerful blue-green illumination source can be obtained by operating the dye laser with improved (high-efficiency) laser dyes. C1 USN, Space & Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Pavlopoulos, TG (reprint author), USN, Space & Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 114 IS 4 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2002.tb00169.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627YX UT WOS:000179965500003 ER PT J AU Israeli, E Wood, RK AF Israeli, E Wood, RK TI Shortest-path network interdiction SO NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE interdiction; shortest paths; bilevel program; Benders decomposition ID BILEVEL PROGRAMMING PROBLEM; CUTTING PLANE ALGORITHM; VITAL ARCS; BRANCH AB We study the problem of interdicting the arcs in a network in order to maximize the shortest s-t path length. "Interdiction" is an attack on an arc that destroys the arc or increases its effective length; there is a limited interdiction budget. We formulate this bilevel, max-min problem as a mixed-integer program (MIP), which can be solved directly, but we develop more efficient decomposition algorithms. One algorithm enhances Benders decomposition by adding generalized integer cutting planes, called "supervalid inequalities" (SVIs), to the master problem. A second algorithm exploits a unique set-covering master problem. Computational results demonstrate orders-of-magnitude improvements of the decomposition algorithms over direct solution of the MIP and show that SVIs also help solve the original MIP faster. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wood, RK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Wood, Kevin/0000-0002-0311-8712 NR 45 TC 127 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0028-3045 J9 NETWORKS JI Networks PD SEP PY 2002 VL 40 IS 2 BP 97 EP 111 DI 10.1002/net.10039 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 590NN UT WOS:000177829100006 ER PT J AU Rogers, WE Kaihatu, JM Petit, HAH Booij, N Holthuijsen, LH AF Rogers, WE Kaihatu, JM Petit, HAH Booij, N Holthuijsen, LH TI Diffusion reduction in an arbitrary scale third generation wind wave model SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE wind waves; wave model; numerical diffusion; numerical schemes; SWAN; WAM ID NUMERICS; UNSTEADY; PHYSICS AB The numerical schemes for the geographic propagation of random, short-crested, wind-generated waves in third-generation wave models are either unconditionally stable or only conditionally stable. Having an unconditionally stable scheme gives greater freedom in choosing the time step (for given space steps). The third-generation wave model SWAN ("Simulated WAves Nearshore", Booij et al., 1999) has been implemented with this type of scheme. This model uses a first order, upwind, implicit numerical scheme for geographic propagation. The scheme can be employed for both stationary (typically small scale) and nonstationary (i.e. time-stepping) computations. Though robust, this first order scheme is very diffusive. This degrades the accuracy of the model in a number of situations, including most model applications at larger scales. The authors reduce the diffusiveness of the model by replacing the existing numerical scheme with two alternative higher order schemes, a scheme that is intended for stationary, small-scale computations, and a scheme that is most appropriate for nonstationary computations. Examples representative of both large-scale and small-scale applications are presented. The alternative schemes are shown to be much less diffusive than the original scheme while retaining the implicit character of the particular SWAN set-up. The additional computational burden of the stationary alternative scheme is negligible, and the expense of the nonstationary alternative scheme is comparable to those used by other third generation wave models. To further accommodate large-scale applications of SWAN, the model is reformulated in terms of spherical coordinates rather than the original Cartesian coordinates. Thus the modified model can calculate wave energy propagation accurately and efficiently at any scale varying from laboratory dimensions (spatial scale O(10 m) with resolution O(0.1 m)), to near-shore coastal dimension (spatial scale O(10 km) with resolution O(100 m)) to oceanic dimensions (spatial scale O(10 000 km) with resolution O(100 km). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. WL Delft Hydraul, Delft, Netherlands. Delft Univ Technol, Hydromech Sect, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands. RP Rogers, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Kaihatu, James/H-7561-2016 OI Kaihatu, James/0000-0002-9277-6409 NR 28 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1357 EP 1390 AR PII S0029-8018(01)00080-4 DI 10.1016/S0029-8018(01)00080-4 PG 34 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 561TY UT WOS:000176159900005 ER PT J AU Decker, CJ O'Dor, R AF Decker, CJ O'Dor, R TI A census of marine life: Unknowable or just unknown? SO OCEANOLOGICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; census; global; research; biogeography AB As an introduction to the entire volume, this article outlines the relationships among the five elements of the Census of Marine Life (CoML) that create new knowledge: (1) The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), a marine component of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, links marine databases around the world to provide an Internet accessible, dynamic interface for comparing species-level, geo-referenced biodiversity data in relation to ocean habitats. The entire CoML field project data will be managed in and accessible through OBIS. (2) The History of Marine Animal Populations (HMAP) is a unique new synthesis of historical and biological research that will document marine biodiversity, globally, up to 500 years ago, before significant human impact, and store it in formats compatible with modem data in OBIS. (3) The Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research Working Group 118 monitors and recommends advanced marine technologies, ready to be routinely used in CoML field projects. (4) CoML Initial Field Projects develop and calibrate these technologies in selected regions to facilitate and accelerate global biodiversity research. As calibrated technologies and protocols are adopted in many regions, qualitative and quantitative biodiversity discoveries accumulate. (5) The Future of Marine Animal Populations (FMAP) program will insure that the data in OBIS are suitable for modeling and predicting changes in global biodiversity in response to fishing, pollution, and climate change challenges. It will make datasets available for hindcasting and forecasting analyses linked to physical ocean observations and assist in documenting the impacts of conservation efforts on sustainability. (C) 2002 Ifremer/CNRS/IRD/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Consortium Ocean Res & Educ, Washington, DC 20036 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP O'Dor, R (reprint author), Consortium Ocean Res & Educ, 1755 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 6 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0399-1784 J9 OCEANOL ACTA JI Oceanol. Acta PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 25 IS 5 BP 179 EP 186 AR PII S0399-1784(02)01208-2 DI 10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01208-2 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 664GW UT WOS:000182054200001 ER PT J AU Zhu, XQ Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Zhu, XQ Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI The optimal performance of a Carnot heat pump under the condition of mixed heat resistance SO OPEN SYSTEMS & INFORMATION DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION; CYCLES; COEFFICIENT; LOAD AB The optimal performance of an endoreversible Carnot heat pump under the condition of mixed heat resistance is investigated. The relationship between the optimal coefficient of performance (COP) and the heating load is derived. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. Huaiyin Teachers Coll, Huaiyin 223001, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Zhu, XQ (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1230-1612 J9 OPEN SYST INF DYN JI Open Syst. Inf. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 251 EP 256 DI 10.1023/A:1019756528220 PG 6 WC Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Physics; Mathematics GA 583RZ UT WOS:000177423700005 ER PT J AU Molinaro, JD Diefenderfer, KE Strother, JM AF Molinaro, JD Diefenderfer, KE Strother, JM TI The influence of a packable resin composite conventional resin composite and amalgam on molar cuspal stiffness SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE-RESISTANCE; BONDED AMALGAM; POSTERIOR COMPOSITE; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; IN-VIVO; TEETH; PREMOLARS; STRENGTH; WEAR; POLYMERIZATION AB Packable resin composites may offer improved properties and clinical performance over conventional resin composites or dental amalgam. This in vitro study examined the cuspal stiffness of molars restored with a packable resin composite, a conventional posterior microfilled resin composite and amalgam. Forty-eight intact caries-free human third molars were distributed into four treatment groups (n=12) so that the mean cross-sectional areas of all groups were equal. Standardized MOD cavity preparations were made and specimens restored using one of four restorative materials: (1) a spherical particle amalgam (Tytin); (2) Tytin amalgam with a dentin adhesive liner (OptiBond Solo); (3) a conventional microfilled posterior resin composite (Heliomolar); (4) a packable posterior resin composite (Prodigy Posterior). Cuspal stiffness was measured using a Bionix 200 biomaterials testing machine (MTS). Specimens were loaded vertically to 300 N at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/minute. Stiffness was measured at 10 intervals: (1) prior to cavity preparation (intact); (2) following cavity preparation, but before restoration; (3) seven days after restoration; then (4) 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 12 months after restoration. All specimens were stored at 37degreesC in deionized water throughout the study and thermocycled (5degrees55degreesC; 2000 cycles) monthly for 12 months. Repeated Measures ANOVA revealed significant differences among treatment groups over time (p<0.0001). Cavity preparation reduced cuspal stiffness by more than 60%. At 12 months, the cuspal stiffness of restored teeth was, on average, 58% that of intact specimens. Neither the packable nor the conventional resin composite increased cuspal stiffness over that of amalgam. C1 Branch Dent Annex, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. USN, Dent Res Inst, Appl Clin Sci, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. USN, Postgrad Dent Sch, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Molinaro, JD (reprint author), NSWC Div, 1600 W Wilson Rd, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 27 IS 5 BP 516 EP 524 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 587YP UT WOS:000177672200016 PM 12216572 ER PT J AU Fatemi, FK AF Fatemi, FK TI Analysis of nonadiabatically compressed pulses from dispersion-decreasing fiber SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FUNDAMENTAL SOLITONS AB Frequency-resolved optical gating is used to characterize ultrashort optical pulses that are compressed nonadiabatically in dispersion-decreasing fiber. The pulses undergo an interesting temporal pulse breakup following dispersion in both the normal and anomalous regimes, and compression ratios close to the adiabatic limit are obtained. All behaviors are in excellent agreement with numerical integration of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fatemi, FK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 27 IS 18 BP 1637 EP 1639 DI 10.1364/OL.27.001637 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 592PD UT WOS:000177945300017 PM 18026526 ER PT J AU McVicar, R Edmonds, J Kearns, D AF McVicar, R Edmonds, J Kearns, D TI Sphincter pharyngoplasty for correction of stress velopharyngeal insufficiency SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID INCOMPETENCE C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego, CA USA. RP McVicar, R (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 127 IS 3 BP 248 EP 250 DI 10.1067/mhn.2002.127382 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 596MQ UT WOS:000178169000022 PM 12297821 ER PT J AU Satter, EK Graham, BS Gibbs, NF AF Satter, EK Graham, BS Gibbs, NF TI Congenital tufted angioma SO PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KASABACH-MERRITT-SYNDROME; VASCULAR TUMORS; ANGIOBLASTOMA; HEMANGIOMA AB A 7-year-old Filipino girl presented to the dermatology clinic with a slowly enlarging plaque on the inner aspect of her upper left arm. Although she had this lesion since birth, it had gradually enlarged and become indurated and slightly painful. The histopathologic examination showed a vascular proliferation within the dermis, with a "cannonball" appearance consistent with a tufted angioma. We review the literature and discuss the clinical presentation of this rare vascular tumor. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Satter, EK (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Dermatol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM EKSatter@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0736-8046 J9 PEDIATR DERMATOL JI Pediatr. Dermatol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 19 IS 5 BP 445 EP 447 DI 10.1046/j.1525-1470.2002.00204.x PG 3 WC Dermatology; Pediatrics SC Dermatology; Pediatrics GA 604WQ UT WOS:000178644400015 PM 12383105 ER PT J AU Dunlap, BI AF Dunlap, BI TI Generalized Gaunt coefficients SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN-TYPE ORBITALS; MOLECULAR INTEGRALS; EXCHANGE; GRADIENTS; HARMONICS; ELEMENTS; FORCE AB Solid-harmonic derivatives of solid-harmonic-Gaussian integrals are evaluated. Cross differentiation and the n-j generalized Gaunt coefficients are defined. The generalized Gaunt coefficients ensure that cross differentiation in uncoupled, n-center, solid-harmonic derivatives of rotationally invariant Gaussian matrix elements subtracts zero total angular momentum. This preserves the spherical-tensor properties of quantum-chemical matrix elements. The generalized Gaunt coefficients are (n-1)-dimensional objects because the sum of the azimuthal quantum numbers is zero, which facilitates their use in computer programs. The 4-j and higher number of centers generalized Gaunt coefficients are characterized by quantum numbers k(ij), the angular momentum lost directly by cross differentiation from solid harmonics of differential operators about centers i and j. The generalized Gaunt coefficients vanish if the absolute value of the sum of the i and j azimuthal quantum numbers is greater than the sum of the two total angular momenta minus twice k(ij). This constraint further limits the number of coefficients that must be processed at one time. All coefficients for any given number of centers satisfy the same recurrence relations but differ, because different terms in any given recurrence relation vanish according to the various azimuthal-quantum-number bounds. Direct and recursive FORTRAN-90 code has been written for the 3-j to 6-j generalized Gaunt coefficients. C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dunlap, BI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 032502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.032502 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 600GP UT WOS:000178382500052 ER PT J AU Boyer, LL Mehl, MJ Stokes, HT AF Boyer, LL Mehl, MJ Stokes, HT TI Calculation of polarization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL METHOD; ELECTRIC POLARIZATION; CRYSTALS; CHARGE AB It has been argued that a recent advance in the theory of polarization implies that Clausius-Mossotti type models of polarization, which express polarization in terms of the dipole moments of overlapping atomiclike densities, are fundamentally flawed. Here we show the argument is unjustified. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Boyer, LL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 9 AR 092106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.092106 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 600GX UT WOS:000178383200006 ER PT J AU Kortus, J Baruah, T Bernstein, N Pederson, MR AF Kortus, J Baruah, T Bernstein, N Pederson, MR TI Magnetic ordering, electronic structure, and magnetic anisotropy energy in the high-spin Mn-10 single molecule magnet SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID APPROXIMATION; INTENSITIES; NANOMAGNETS AB We report the electronic structure and magnetic ordering of the single molecule magnet [Mn10O4(2,2(')-biphenoxide)(4)Br-12](4-) based on first-principles all-electron density-functional calculations. We find that two of the ten core Mn atoms are coupled antiferromagnetically to the remaining eight, resulting in a ferrimagnetic ground state with total spin S=13. The calculated magnetic anisotropy barrier is found to be 9 K in good agreement with experiment. The presence of the Br anions impacts the electronic structure and therefore the magnetic properties of the ten Mn atoms. However, the electric field due to the negative charges has no significant effect on the magnetic anisotropy. C1 Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 9 AR 092403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.092403 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 600GX UT WOS:000178383200017 ER PT J AU Paluch, M Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Paluch, M Casalini, R Roland, CM TI Relative contributions of thermal energy and free volume to the temperature dependence of structural relaxation in fragile glass-forming liquids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; PRESSURE; DYNAMICS; TRANSITION; SUBSTANCES; FORMERS AB Structural relaxation of fragile glass-forming liquids in the vicinity of the glass transition were measured by dielectric spectroscopy, as a function of temperature and pressure. From the volume dependence of the relaxation times, we show that the effects of thermal and free volume fluctuations are comparable. The implication is that theoretical approaches in which intermolecular barrier heights are related to the local density are essential to formulating a theory of the structural dynamics of supercooled liquids. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 9 AR 092202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.092202 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 600GX UT WOS:000178383200009 ER PT J AU Raphael, MP Ravel, B Huang, Q Willard, MA Cheng, SF Das, BN Stroud, RM Bussmann, KM Claassen, JH Harris, VG AF Raphael, MP Ravel, B Huang, Q Willard, MA Cheng, SF Das, BN Stroud, RM Bussmann, KM Claassen, JH Harris, VG TI Presence of antisite disorder and its characterization in the predicted half-metal Co2MnSi SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN POLARIZATION; HEUSLER ALLOYS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; POINT-CONTACT; FERROMAGNET; NIMNSB; GROWTH; FILMS AB The Heusler alloy Co2MnSi is predicted to be a half-metallic ferromagnet and thus is considered a promising candidate for incorporation into spintronic devices. Recent theoretical calculations have shown that antisite disorder of a few percent in some Heuslers can destroy half metallicity, emphasizing the importance of characterizing samples for disorder. In this work we compare the magnetic, structural, and transport properties of Co2MnSi for bulk single-crystal boules, polycrystalline arc-melted buttons and polycrystalline thin films. The lattice parameter, coercivity, and saturation magnetization of the single-crystal and arc-melted samples are statistically identical. On the other hand, the residual resistivity ratio rho(300 K)/rho(5 K) shows sharp contrasts, with the single crystal and the arc-melted button having ratios of 6.5 and 2.7, respectively. Neutron-diffraction experiments show that the antisite disorder for the arc-melted samples is zero for Mn-Si antisite disorder, but between 10 and 14 % for Co-Mn antisite disorder. We postulate this to be the cause for the increased amount of defect-induced scattering in the electrical transport measurements of the arc-melted samples. The thin films, similarly, have lattice constants, magnetic properties, and room-temperature resistivities that approach those of the single crystal. The best films, however, have residual resistivity ratios of 1.4. By comparing these films to single crystalline thin films grown in other studies, we again find evidence supporting Co-Mn antisite disorder as the primary scattering mechanism. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Raphael, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; NR 22 TC 145 Z9 148 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 10 AR 104429 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.104429 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 601RF UT WOS:000178460900068 ER PT J AU Penano, JR Hafizi, B Sprangle, P Hubbard, RF Ting, A AF Penano, JR Hafizi, B Sprangle, P Hubbard, RF Ting, A TI Raman forward scattering and self-modulation of laser pulses in tapered plasma channels SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID WAKE-FIELD ACCELERATOR; HIGH-INTENSITY LASERS; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; WAKEFIELD ACCELERATOR; CAPILLARY DISCHARGE; NONLINEAR OPTICS; PROPAGATION; GENERATION AB The propagation of intense laser pulses with durations longer than the plasma period through tapered plasma channels is investigated theoretically and numerically. General propagation equations are presented and reduced partial differential equations that separately describe the forward Raman (FR) and self-modulation (SM) instabilities in a nonuniform plasma are derived. Local dispersion relations for FR and SM instabilities are used to analyze the detuning process arising from a longitudinal density gradient. Full-scale numerical fluid simulations indicate parameters that favorably excite either the FR or SM instability. The suppression of the FR instability and the enhancement of the SM instability in a tapered channel in which the density increases longitudinally is demonstrated. For a pulse undergoing a self-modulation instability, calculations show that the phase velocity of the wakefield in an untapered channel can be significantly slower than the pulse group velocity. Simulations indicate that this wake slippage can be forestalled through the use of a tapered channel. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Penano, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 036402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.036402 PN 2B PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 604MD UT WOS:000178624400016 PM 12366262 ER PT J AU Rachford, FJ Smith, DL Loschialpo, PF Forester, DW AF Rachford, FJ Smith, DL Loschialpo, PF Forester, DW TI Calculations and measurements of wire and/or split-ring negative index media SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY PLASMONS; PERMEABILITY; PERMITTIVITY AB Broadband calculations (70 MHz-20 GHz) and measurements (2-15 GHz) were performed on planar stacks of two-dimensional double-split rings arrays interspersed with arrays of thin wires. Recent work on similar composite structures infers a negative index of refraction (n<0) over a narrow frequency range. We have performed finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations on various combinations of ring geometries, wire arrays, and stack spacings. Excellent agreement was obtained between FDTD simulations and our measured transmission spectra. Examining the FDTD time progression of fields we find regions of both negative and positive indices as well as an inverse Doppler effect. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rachford, FJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 036613 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.036613 PN 2B PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 604MD UT WOS:000178624400040 PM 12366286 ER PT J AU Glorioso, JE Ross, G Leadbetter, WB Boden, BP AF Glorioso, JE Ross, G Leadbetter, WB Boden, BP TI Femoral supracondylar stress fractures - An unusual cause of knee pain SO PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FEMUR AB IN BRIEF: Supracondylar stress fractures are rare and can cause anterior knee pain. Persistent, intense pain occurs in the knee and distal thigh and may be mistaken for patellofemoral pain syndrome unless the fracture is identified by radiographic modalities (MRI or bone scan). Two cases of supracondylar femoral stress fractures in female runners highlight the need to seek proximal pathologies when patients report knee pain that cannot be explained by other conditions. C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. USN, Reserv Med Corps, Boston, MA USA. New England Baptist Hosp, Boston, MA USA. Orthopaed Ctr, Rockville, MD USA. RP Glorioso, JE (reprint author), 318 Marietta Pl, Steilacoom, WA 98388 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0091-3847 J9 PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED JI Physician Sportsmed. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 30 IS 9 BP 25 EP 28 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 592MA UT WOS:000177940400006 PM 20086543 ER PT J AU Friedman, PD Katz, J AF Friedman, PD Katz, J TI Mean rise rate of droplets in isotropic turbulence SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID SPHERICAL LIQUID DROPLETS; SETTLING VELOCITY; NONLINEAR DRAG; HOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE; HEAVY-PARTICLES; GASEOUS FIELDS; GAS-BUBBLES; FLOW; MOTION; COEFFICIENTS AB This paper investigates the rise rate of droplets that are slightly lighter than the surrounding fluid. We experimentally investigate the effect of three parameters: Stokes number, turbulence intensity, and droplet Reynolds number. Droplets were injected into a chamber with nearly isotropic turbulence and little mean flow. The results show that at high turbulence intensity, the mean droplet rise rate is 25% of the root-mean-square velocity regardless of the Stokes number, while at low turbulence intensity, the droplets rise at a rate equal to the rise rate in a quiescent fluid. At intermediate turbulence intensity, the rise rate is strongly dependent on the Stokes number. Qualitative discussions explain these trends. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Friedman, PD (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech Engn, Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. RI Katz, Joseph/A-7624-2010 OI Katz, Joseph/0000-0001-9067-2473 NR 43 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD SEP PY 2002 VL 14 IS 9 BP 3059 EP 3073 DI 10.1063/1.1497377 PG 15 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 582KR UT WOS:000177350100013 ER PT J AU Canright, D Huber, M AF Canright, D Huber, M TI A boundary-layer model of thermocapillary flow in a cold corner SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article AB This work develops a boundary-layer model for the thermocapillary feedback mechanism that can occur at the edge of weld pools and other materials processes, in the limit where convection dominates the heat transport but the Prandtl number is small. Previously, Canright [Phys. Fluids 6, 1415 (1994)] showed that in this regime the dynamics of this "cold corner" region is locally determined through the thermal gradient driving the convection that contains the gradient. The present work applies standard boundary-layer approximations to construct a model that captures this dominant feedback mechanism and agrees well with a purely numerical model. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Canright, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Code MA-Ca, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD SEP PY 2002 VL 14 IS 9 BP 3272 EP 3279 DI 10.1063/1.1498117 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 582KR UT WOS:000177350100028 ER PT J AU Sumner, MJ Sankarapandian, M McGrath, JE Riffle, JS Sorathia, U AF Sumner, MJ Sankarapandian, M McGrath, JE Riffle, JS Sorathia, U TI Flame retardant novolac-bisphthalonitrile structural thermosets SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE flame retardant; phthalonitrile; phenolic network ID POLY(ARYLENE ETHER)S; MATRIX MATERIALS; VOID-FREE; COMPOSITES; POLYMERS; POLYMERIZATION; FLAMMABILITY; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; RESINS AB Void-free, thermoset networks prepared from phenolic novolacs cured with bisphthalonitrile (BPh) reagents display attractive mechanical, thermal, and fire characteristics. The network properties depend strongly on the novolac-BPh composition. Networks containing 15 wt% BPh or greater had T(g)s above 180 degreesC and good fracture toughness (K-1c similar to 0.8 MPa m(1/2)). Cone calorimetry results for an 80:20 (wt/wt) novolac/BPh network, at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m(2), demonstrated a peak heat release rate of 137 kW/m(2) and char yields > 50%. These excellent flame properties are similar to those of phenolic resole networks, which are brittle but known to be flame retardant. The cure reaction between the novolac and BPh was monitored by the disappearance of the nitrile peak at 2200 cm(-1) in the FTIR. The nitrile was approximate to 90% consumed after 1 h at 200 degreesC and similar to 20 min at 220 degreesC. The molecular structure of a novolac-BPh crosslink was studied in model reactions using monofunctional phenols. 2-Hydroxydiphenyl methane was reacted with BPh in the melt at 200degreesC for 3 h using a 25:1 molar ratio (6.1:1 eq. ratio) of 2-hydroxydiphenylmethane/BPh. FTIR and H-1 NMR suggested that the product generated from the model melt reaction contained a diiminoisoindoline structure. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Mat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Riffle, JS (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Mail Code 0212, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 41 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP PY 2002 VL 43 IS 19 BP 5069 EP 5076 AR PII S0032-3861(02)00354-3 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00354-3 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 592UN UT WOS:000177955400002 ER PT J AU Peterson, DM Liu, Y Portegies Zwart, S AF Peterson, DM Liu, Y Portegies Zwart, S TI Selection of the Space Interferometry Mission astrometric grid SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID MASS-RATIO DISTRIBUTION; BINARY EVOLUTION; STARS; MULTIPLICITY; SAMPLE; SEARCH; HYADES AB We investigate the choice of stellar population for use as the astrometric grid for the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM). SIM depends on the astrometric stability of about 2000 stars, the so-called grid, against which the science measures are referenced. Low-metallicity and thus relatively high luminosity K giants are shown to be the population of choice, when available. The alternative, nearby G dwarfs, is shown to be susceptible to unmodeled motions induced by gas-giant planetary companions, should there be a significant population of such companions. Radial velocity filtering is quite efficient in selecting grid members from the K giants with yields exceeding 50% if filtering at 30 m s(-1) (1 sigma) is available. However, if the binary fraction of the G dwarfs approaches 100% as some studies suggest, the yield of stable systems would be in the range of 15% at best (with 10 m s(-1) filtering). Use of the initial SIM measurement as a final filter is shown not to be critical in either case, although it could improve the yield of stable grid members. For a grid composed of weak-lined K giants, the residual contamination by large unmodeled motions will amount to about 3% (and rises to about 10% if a 60 m s(-1) radial velocity criterion is used). The selective introduction of quadratic terms in the proper motion solutions during the postmission phase of data reduction can reduce contamination to a remarkable 1% or better in either case. Analytic estimates based on circular orbits are developed that show how these results come about. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Math, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Dept Comp Sci, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Peterson, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dpeterson@astro.sunysb.edu; yliu@astro.sunysb.edu; spz@science.uva.nl NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 114 IS 799 BP 955 EP 973 DI 10.1086/342219 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 585PK UT WOS:000177533600002 ER PT J AU Lockhart, RB Steiner, MJ Gerlach, K AF Lockhart, RB Steiner, MJ Gerlach, K TI Geometry and product states SO QUANTUM INFORMATION & COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID SEPARABLE STATES; QUANTUM AB As separable states are a convex combination of product states, the geometry of the manifold of product states, Sigma(+), is studied. Prior results by Sanpera, Vidal and Tarrach are extended. Furthermore, it is proven that states in the set tangent to Sigma(+) at the maximally mixed state are separable; the set normal contains, among others, all extended GHZ states. A canonical decomposition is given. A surprising result is that for the case of two particles, the closest product state to the maximally entangled state is the maximally mixed state. An algorithm is provided to find the closest product state. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lockhart, RB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PARAMUS PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PARAMUS, NJ 07652 USA SN 1533-7146 J9 QUANTUM INF COMPUT JI Quantum Inform. Comput. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 2 IS 5 BP 333 EP 347 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 593ZC UT WOS:000178023500001 ER PT J AU Van Buren, AL Boisvert, JE AF Van Buren, AL Boisvert, JE TI Accurate calculation of prolate spheroidal radial functions of the first kind and their first derivatives SO QUARTERLY OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSLATIONAL ADDITION THEOREMS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; SCALAR AB Alternative expressions for calculating the prolate spheroidal radial functions of the first kind R-ml((1)) (c,xi) and their first derivatives with respect to xi are shown to nil provide accurate values, even for low values of l - m where the traditional expressions provide increasingly inaccurate results as the size parameter c increases to large values. These expressions also converge in fewer terms than the traditional ones. They are obtained from the expansion of the product of R-ml((1))(c,xi) and the prolate spheroidal angular function of the first kind S-ml((1))(c,eta) in a series of products of the corresponding spherical functions. King and Van Buren [12] had used this expansion previously in the derivation of a general addition theorem for spheroidal wave functions. The improvement in accuracy and convergence using the alternative expressions is quantified and discussed. Also, a method is described that avoids computer overflow and underflow problems in calculating R-ml((1))(c,xi) and its first derivative. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Van Buren, AL (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0033-569X J9 Q APPL MATH JI Q. Appl. Math. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 60 IS 3 BP 589 EP 599 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 578QM UT WOS:000177129700011 ER PT J AU Claassen, JH Willard, MA Harris, VG AF Claassen, JH Willard, MA Harris, VG TI A simple system to measure magnetostriction in soft magnetic materials SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SATURATION AB A direct measurement of strain in magnetostrictive materials yields a meaningful result only if the sample remains saturated and the magnetization is rotated between directions parallel and perpendicular to the measurement direction. A simple way to accomplish this is to use small permanent magnets mounted on a rotating shaft. Within the constraints of the limited available space for a sample, we found it most convenient to use a strain gage to detect small changes in length. With commonly available laboratory equipment we were able to achieve a sensitivity similar to0.03 ppm. There is a loading effect that reduces the apparent magnetostriction if the sample is of comparable size to the strain gage. We showed that for a typical nanocrystalline ribbon sample this correction could be experimentally estimated and was of order 20%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Claassen, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 73 IS 9 BP 3265 EP 3267 DI 10.1063/1.1497498 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 586TC UT WOS:000177600300020 ER PT J AU Cheah, CW Karunasiri, G Tan, LS AF Cheah, CW Karunasiri, G Tan, LS TI Analysis of AlGaAs/GaAs/InGaAs n-type step multiple quantum wells for the optimization of normal incident absorption SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVELOPE-FUNCTION APPROXIMATION; LATTICE BAND-STRUCTURE; INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS AB The response to normal incident radiation in n-type Gamma square quantum wells (QWs) is generally expected to be very small because, in the framework of the effective mass model, the parity selection rule of the envelope wavefunctions essentially forbids intersubband transitions induced by transverse electric polarized radiation. This problem can be overcome by employing an asymmetrical QW. In this paper, the effect of asymmetry, and the result of band mixing with the p-like valence and conduction bands due to the truncation of bulk crystal periodicity, of an n-type AlGaAs/GaAs/InGaAs step multiple QW, are analysed using a new 14-band k (.) p model with envelope function approximation. The structural and material parameters of the device are varied to study the probability density distributions of the ground state and first excited state wavefunctions, and their effect on the response of the device to transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) excitations. From the analysis, it is found that a step multiple QW optimized for absorption of TE mode radiation should have a wide GaAs step and a deep InGaAs well, subjected to the constraints of the material growth and fabrication process of the device. It is also found that, despite the efforts of improving the normal incidence absorption via step well optimization, the TE absorption as predicted using the 14-band k (.) p model remains less than 1% of the TM absorption. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Optoelect, Singapore 119260, Singapore. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cheah, CW (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Optoelect, Singapore 119260, Singapore. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1028 EP 1037 AR PII S0268-1242(02)35358-6 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/17/9/322 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 598ZM UT WOS:000178307600025 ER PT J AU Battou, A Khan, B Lee, DC Marsh, S Mountcastle, S Talmage, D AF Battou, A Khan, B Lee, DC Marsh, S Mountcastle, S Talmage, D TI CASiNO: Component Architecture for Simulating Network Objects SO SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article DE telecommunications; protocols; object orientation; framework; simulation AB We describe the Component Architecture for Simulating Network Objects (CASiNO) useful for the implementation of communication protocol stacks and network simulators. This framework implements a rich, modular coarse-grained dataflow architecture, with an interface to a reactor kernel that manages the application's handlers for asynchronous I/O, real timers and custom interrupts. These features enable developers to write applications that are driven by both data flow and asynchronous event delivery, while allowing them to keep these two functionalities distinct. We provide an example program and expository comments on the program to illustrate the use of the CASiNO framework. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. FirstWave Intelligent Opt Networks Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, ITT Ind,Adv Engn & Sci,Adv Technol Grp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, DC (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, 3740 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0038-0644 J9 SOFTWARE PRACT EXPER JI Softw.-Pract. Exp. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1099 EP 1128 DI 10.1002/spe.475 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 591DN UT WOS:000177864600004 ER PT J AU Takeda, H Spatz, M Ruetzler, C McCarron, R Becker, K Hallenbeck, J AF Takeda, H Spatz, M Ruetzler, C McCarron, R Becker, K Hallenbeck, J TI Induction of mucosal tolerance to E-selectin prevents ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in spontaneously hypertensive genetically stroke-prone rats SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE E selectin; endothelium; immune tolerance; risk factors; rats ID ANTIENDOTHELIAL CELL ANTIBODIES; LEUKOCYTE ADHESION MOLECULE-1; ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES; FOCAL CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; ENDOTHELIAL-CELL; ORAL TOLERANCE; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; T-CELLS; ACTIVATION AB Background and Purpose-Inflammatory and immune mechanisms can precipitate cerebrovascular thrombosis and hemorrhage Immunologic tolerance can be induced to a specific antigen by intranasal instillation of that antigen Lymphocytes tolerized in this way provide local immunosuppression on restimulation with the same antigen This study tests whether tolerization of lymphocytes to E selectin can suppress local vessel activation and prevent stroke Methods-Spontaneously hypertensive genetically stroke prone rats (n = 113) were distributed among the following studies comparison of ischemic infarcts/intraparenchymal hemorrhages after single or repetitive tolerization schedules with ovalbumin E selectin or PBS comparison of E selectin tolerization- and PBS tolerization-induced suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity in animals subsequently sensitized to E selectin and comparison of PBS- ovalbumin- and E selectin-tolerized groups (after intravenous lipopolysaccharide to activate vessels) regarding transforming growth factor beta1-positive splenocyte counts plasma interferon gamma levels anti human E selectin antibodies endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and anti-endothelial cell antibodies Results-Nasal instillation of E selectin which is specifically expressed on activated endothelium potently inhibited the development of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rats with untreated hypertension Repeated schedules of tolerization were required to maintain the resistance to stroke Suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity to E selectin and increased numbers of transforming growth factor beta1-positive splenocytes showed that intranasal exposure to E selectin induced immunologic tolerance E selectin tolerization also reduced endothelial activation and immune responses after intravenous lipopolysaccharide as shown by marked suppression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression anti-endothelial cell antibodies on luminal endothelium and plasma interferon gamma levels compared with the control condition Conclusions-The novel findings in this study support further investigation of immunologic tolerance as applied to the prevention of stroke. C1 NINDS, Stroke Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Resuscitat Med Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Hallenbeck, J (reprint author), NINDS, Stroke Branch, NIH, Bldg 36,Room 4A03,36 Convent Dr,MSC 4128, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 39 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD SEP PY 2002 VL 33 IS 9 BP 2156 EP 2163 DI 10.1161/01.STR.0000029821.82531.8B PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 592JK UT WOS:000177934400019 PM 12215580 ER PT J AU Schiestel, S Carosella, CA Horwitz, JS Osofsky, M Kendziora, C Qadri, SB Knies, DL AF Schiestel, S Carosella, CA Horwitz, JS Osofsky, M Kendziora, C Qadri, SB Knies, DL TI Ion beam assisted deposition of superconducting MgB2 thin films SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Surface Modification of Materials by Ion Beams CY SEP 09-14, 2001 CL MARBURG, GERMANY SP Philipps Univ Marburg, Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH DE ion beam assisted deposition; MgB2; superconductivity AB We studied the structural and superconducting properties of MgB2 thin films, deposited by co-evaporation of magnesium and boron in the presence and absence of an ion beam followed by 'in-situ' and 'ex-situ' annealing. The MgB2 films were capped with a Mg and a B layer to provide an additional Mg source in the following annealing step and to prevent diffusion of Mg out of the films. Films deposited with an ion beam showed lower transition temperature (T-c 21 K), whereas MgB2 films deposited without an ion beam showed a T. as high as 30.6 K. Third order susceptibility measurements demonstrated homogeneous MgB2 films. Rutherford backscattering (RBS) measurements showed low oxygen concentration throughout the film. For 'ex-situ' annealed MgB2 film transition temperatures up to 33.5 K are obtained. X-Ray diffraction suggests some degree of c-axis alignment, but omega scans showed random orientation. MgB2 film on sapphire substrates always revealed a higher T. than the ones on silicon substrates. However, Tc on silicon substrates was as high as 22.5 K. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schiestel, S (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM schieste@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 158 BP 203 EP 207 AR PII S0257-8972(02)00207-4 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00207-4 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 602AJ UT WOS:000178482100037 ER PT J AU Hubler, GK AF Hubler, GK TI The cornucopia of beam applications SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Surface Modification of Materials by Ion Beams CY SEP 09-14, 2001 CL MARBURG, GERMANY SP Philipps Univ Marburg, Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH DE ion implantation; ion beam; molecular weight ID PULSED-LASER EVAPORATION; THIN-FILMS AB Three themes touched upon in this brief review are: a historical perspective of non-semiconductor ion implantation; novel research directions that have evolved from ion beam-based research; and a new way to view the preponderance of techniques to generate beams. Surface modification of materials by ion beams began with similar to100 keV monomer, singly charged ions and over the years expanded to lower energy, higher current, neutral or multiply charged species and higher molecular weights. As a result of the expansion of beam production to very high molecular weight materials, a new way to view the relationship of beams to high technology is discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hubler, GK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 158 BP 449 EP 456 AR PII S0257-8972(02)00272-4 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00272-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 602AJ UT WOS:000178482100085 ER PT J AU Melcer, T Hunsaker, D Crann, B Caola, L Deniston, W AF Melcer, T Hunsaker, D Crann, B Caola, L Deniston, W TI A prospective evaluation of ENT telemedicine in remote military populations seeking specialty care SO TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL AND E-HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE; OTOLARYNGOLOGY; NEEDS; SYSTEM AB This study evaluated telemedicine use in remote military treatment facilities (MTFs) ashore over a 4-month period to help guide telemedicine applications for shipboard medical departments. A prospective study design was used to evaluate specialty care provided by an ear/nose/throat (ENT) physician via videoconferencing NO for patients at remote MTFs in TRICARE Region 9. The study provided a complete and continuous sample of ENT consultations during a planned 4-month period. Data sources included a telemedicine database and telephone interviews to assess attitudes of physician and nonphysician medical personnel. A total of 193 VC consultations (hereafter referred to as teleconsultations) were conducted following referrals from primary providers. Patients were mostly young, male, active-duty personnel. Forty-five percent of the 193 teleconsultations resulted in changed diagnosis by the ENT specialist relative to initial diagnosis by the referring provider. This rate of clinical impact was substantial, and it generalized across various ENT conditions, demographics, and MTFs. Medical personnel reported generally positive attitudes about telemedicine technologies and the telemedicine process in TRICARE Region 9. Nonphysician providers reported slightly more favorable attitudes compared to physicians. These results suggest that ENT telemedicine has substantial clinical impact in the military populations treated at MTFs. A high rate of changed diagnoses (45%) was observed across age, gender, military status, ENT conditions, and treatment facilities. Medical personnel reported positive attitudes about using the telemedicine system. These results support the use of telemedicine in shipboard medical departments. C1 Field Med Technol, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. MTS Technol Inc, Arlington, VA USA. RP Melcer, T (reprint author), Field Med Technol, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-5627 J9 TELEMED J E-HEALTH JI Telemed. J. e-Health PD FAL PY 2002 VL 8 IS 3 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1089/15305620260353199 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 605BP UT WOS:000178655800004 PM 12419024 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, JJ TI Counter-terrorism via counter-proliferation SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Article AB Do counter-proliferation policies help or hinder efforts at stopping terrorists from using chemical, biological, nuclear or radiological (CBNR) weapons? Counter-proliferation bounds the terrorist threat by reducing the vulnerability of US forces, allied military units and even civilian populations to terrorist attack. It helps to deter state-sponsored terrorism by bolstering the ability of US forces to retaliate with massive conventional force or with nuclear weapons. Counter-proliferation also probably helps to deter state-sponsored CBNR terrorism, although it has little effect on individual terrorists or independent terrorist networks. It reduces the prospects of terrorist incidents by helping to keep 'surplus' materials or weapons from entering black markets. Because counter-proliferation policies harden US or allied forces to terrorist attacks, however, counter-proliferation efforts might channel terrorists toward softer (civilian) targets. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU FRANK CASS CO LTD PI ESSEX PA NEWBURY HOUSE, 900 EASTERN AVE, NEWBURY PARK, ILFORD, ESSEX IG2 7HH, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PD FAL PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 129 EP 140 PG 12 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 766NR UT WOS:000188382900005 ER PT J AU Abu-Zeid, YA Alwash, R Shaheen, HM Bin-Othman, SA Lukic, ML Amiri, KMA Charoenvit, Y AF Abu-Zeid, YA Alwash, R Shaheen, HM Bin-Othman, SA Lukic, ML Amiri, KMA Charoenvit, Y TI Seroprevalence of antibodies to repetitive domains of Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein in United Arab Emirates children SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE malaria; Plasmodium vivax; circumsporozoite protein; serology; prevalence; United Arab Emirates ID B-CELL EPITOPES; UNSTABLE MALARIA; FALCIPARUM; PREVALENCE; IMMUNOGENICITY; VACCINE; ZONE AB The aim of this study was to determine the exposure of child citizens of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to Plasmodium vivax, and to elucidate if it was related to place of residence or previous international travel to malaria-endemic areas. Blood samples were collected from 1010 primary schoolchildren resident in 7 out of 9 districts of the UAE during October and November 1999. Plasma samples were tested for antibodies against MAP4 (DGQPAGDR)(3)P2P30, a multiple antigen peptide containing the repeat amino acid sequences of P. vivax circumsporozoite protein (CSP), conjugated to 2 T-helper epitopes, P2 (QYIKANSKFIGITE) and P30 (FNNFTVSFWLRVPKVSASHLE) from tetanus toxin. For confirmation of P. vivax-specific reactivity, positive samples were further tested against (AGDR)(6), a synthetic peptide containing 6 copies of a protective epitope within the CSP, and against a recombinant CSP, designated as NS1(81)V20. Results indicated that 3.3% of the children were seropositive. The seropositivity rates differed significantly in relation to place of residence, whereas travel outside the UAE did not significantly affect the exposure rates to P. vivax. C1 United Arab Emirates Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates. United Arab Emirates Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates. Al Ain Med Dist, Minist Hlth, Sch Hlth Dept, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Abu-Zeid, YA (reprint author), POB 17551, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 96 IS 5 BP 560 EP 564 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(02)90443-8 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 621UQ UT WOS:000179609800023 PM 12474490 ER PT J AU Castellani, JW O'Brien, C Stulz, DA Blanchard, LA DeGroot, DW Bovill, ME Francis, TJ Young, AJ AF Castellani, JW O'Brien, C Stulz, DA Blanchard, LA DeGroot, DW Bovill, ME Francis, TJ Young, AJ TI Physiological responses to cold exposure in men: A disabled submarine study SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hypercapnia; hypothermia; hypoxia; shivering; vasoconstriction ID SHIVERING THERMOGENESIS; BODY-TEMPERATURE; WATER IMMERSION; HIGH-ALTITUDES; HUMANS; HABITUATION; HYPERCAPNIA; INHALATION; EXERCISE; LOWERS AB Castellani JW, O'Brien C, Stulz DA, Blanchard LA, DeGroot DW, Bovill ME, Francis TJ, Young AJ - Physiological responses to cold exposure in men: A disabled submarine study. Undersea Hyperb Med 2002, 29 (3): 189-203 - A disabled submarine (DISSUB) lacking power and/or environmental control will become cold, and the ambient air may become hypercapnic and hypoxic. This study examined if the combination of hypoxia, hypercapnia, and cold exposure would adversely affect thermoregulatory responses to acute cold exposure in survivors awaiting rescue. Seven male submariners (33 +/- 6 yrs) completed a series of cold-air tests (CAT) that consisted of 20-min at T-air = 22degreesC, followed by a linear decline (1degreesC(.)min(-1)) in T-air to 12degreesC, which was then held constant for an additional 150-min. CAT were performed under normoxic, normocapnic conditions (D0), acute hypoxia (D1, 16.75% O-2), after 4 days of chronic hypoxia, hypercapnia and cold (D5, 16.75% O-2, 2.5% CO2, 4degreesC), and hypoxia-only again (D8, 16.75% O-2). The DeltaT(sk) during CAT was larger (P<0.05) on D0 (-5.2degreesC), vs. D1 (-4.8degreesC), D5 (-4.5degreesC), and D8 (-4.4degreesC). The change (relative to 0-min) in metabolic heat production (DeltaM) at 20-min of CAT was lower (P<0.05) on D1, D5, and D8, vs. DO, with no differences between D1, D5 and D8. AM was not different among trials at any time point after 20-min. The mean body temperature threshold for the onset of shivering was lower on D1 (35.08degreesC), D5 (34.85degreesC) and D8 (34.69degreesC), compared to D0 (36.01degreesC). Changes in heat storage did not differ among trials and rectal temperature was not different in D0 vs. D1, D5, and D8. Thus, mild hypoxia (16.75% F(1)O2) impairs vasoconstrictor and initial shivering responses, but the addition of elevated F1CO2 and cold had no further effect. These thermoregulatory effector changes do not increase the risk for hypothermia in DISSUB survivors who are adequately clothed. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT 06349 USA. RP Castellani, JW (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RI DeGroot, David/E-2322-2015 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 189 EP 203 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 660TX UT WOS:000181850500004 PM 12670121 ER PT J AU Cymerman, A Young, AJ Francis, TJR Wray, DD Ditzler, DT Stulz, D Bovill, M Muza, SR AF Cymerman, A Young, AJ Francis, TJR Wray, DD Ditzler, DT Stulz, D Bovill, M Muza, SR TI Subjective symptoms and postural control during a disabled submarine simulation SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; hypercapnia; postural control; Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire ID INDUCED BODY-SWAY; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; HYPOBARIC HYPOXIA; PRESSOR INPUT; HUMAN FEET; CO2; HYPOTHERMIA AB Cymerman A, Young AJ, Francis, TJR, Wray DD, Ditzler DT, Stulz D, Bovill M, Muza SR, Subjective symptoms and postural control during a disabled submarine simulation. Undersea Hyperb Med 2002; 29(3): 204-215 - To simulate conditions aboard a disabled submarine, 7 submariners were confined for 5 d to a normobaric environment of 16.75% O-2, 2.5% CO2, 4degreesC, and 85% relative humidity (RH). After 2 control days and I d of hypoxia, the remaining environmental conditions were imposed for the next 5 d, followed by 1 additional day of just hypoxia. Daily morning symptoms were assessed using the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ). Postural stability was determined on 4 occasions using a computerized balance system: control period, after 2.7 and 4.7 d of steady-state test conditions, and after 5.7 d (with return to normal ambient temp, RH, and CO2). Three balance tests were performed: eyes open, eyes closed, and a dynamic test. Postural stability deteriorated after 2.7 d (87% eyes open, P < 0.001 and 26% eyes closed, P = 0.01). ESQ symptom subsets for acute mountain sickness, exertion, fatigue, alertness, and ear/nose/throat were not significantly different. Cold symptom subsets were increased after 3-7 d (P < 0.001); distress and muscle discomfort subsets after 7d (P = 0.02). Continued exposure to the combination of cold and hypoxia elicited subjective symptom changes and disturbances in postural stability that are statistically significant. These observations may be of practical importance when tasks aboard a disabled submarine involve balance and mobility. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT USA. RP Cymerman, A (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 204 EP 215 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 660TX UT WOS:000181850500005 PM 12670122 ER PT J AU Zhao, XP Plunkett, SP Liu, W AF Zhao, XP Plunkett, SP Liu, W TI Determination of geometrical and kinematical properties of halo coronal mass ejections using the cone model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE halo coronal mass ejection; angular width; central position; radial speed; the cone model ID LASCO OBSERVATIONS; EARTH AB Many broadside coronal mass ejections (CMEs) propagate almost radially beyond the first couple of solar radii, and their angular widths remain nearly constant while propagating through the corona. Assuming that these characteristics hold true for halo CMEs that originate far from solar limbs, some useful geometric and kinematic properties of halo CMEs may be reproduced using a simple geometrical model of a CME as a cone. The cone model uses three free parameters, characterizing the angular width and the central position of the halo CME. These geometric properties can be determined by matching the observed halos at a series of times with the modeled halos for a series of radial distances. The kinematic properties, the radial velocity and acceleration, of the halo CME can also be determined on the basis of the series of times and radial distances. These properties are important for predicting the geoeffectiveness of a halo CME and cannot be observed directly with currently available instrumentation. As a test, the geometric and kinematic properties of the 12 May 1997 halo CME have been inferred using the cone model. This shows that the cone model does provide a new way of testing our understanding of halo CMEs, though there are limitations for some halo CMEs. C1 USN, Res Lab, USRA, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Zhao, XP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, USRA, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 31 PY 2002 VL 107 IS A8 AR 1223 DI 10.1029/2001JA009143 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 622FK UT WOS:000179635800004 ER PT J AU Hoppel, K Bevilacqua, R Nedoluha, G Deniel, C Lefevre, F Lumpe, J Fromm, M Randall, C Rosenfield, J Rex, M AF Hoppel, K Bevilacqua, R Nedoluha, G Deniel, C Lefevre, F Lumpe, J Fromm, M Randall, C Rosenfield, J Rex, M TI POAM III observations of arctic ozone loss for the 1999/2000 winter SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC POLAR VORTEX; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; UARS DATA; DEPLETION; SIMULATIONS AB [1] During the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE)/Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone (THESEO) campaign, Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III sampled in the vortex core, on the vortex edge, and outside the vortex on a near-daily basis from December 1999 through mid-March 2000. During this period, POAM observed a substantial amount of ozone decline. For example, ozone mixing ratios in the core of the vortex dropped from about 3.5 ppmv in mid-January to about 2 ppmv by mid-March at 500 K. The ozone chemical loss indicated by these measurements is assessed using two methodologies. First, the POAM data is used to construct vortex-averaged ozone profiles, which are advected downward using vortex average descent rates. The maximum ozone loss (I January to 15 March) is found to be about 1.8 ppmv. In a second approach, the REPROBUS 3-D CTM is used to specify the passive ozone distribution throughout the winter. The chemical loss in the vortex is estimated by performing a point-by-point subtraction of the POAM measurements inside the vortex from the model passive ozone evaluated at the time and location of the POAM measurements. Both ozone loss estimates are in general agreement and they agree well with published loss estimates from ER2 and ozonesonde measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Gen Sci Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14401 Potsdam, Germany. RP Hoppel, K (reprint author), NRL Code 7227,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Karl.Hoppel@nrl.navy.mil; bevilacqua@nrl.navy.mil; nedoluha@nrl.navy.mil; franck.lefevre@aero.jussieu.fr; lumpe@cpi.com; mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil; randall@lasp.colorado.edu; rose@euterpe.gsfe.nasa.gov; mrex@awi-potsdam.de RI Rex, Markus/A-6054-2009; Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Rex, Markus/0000-0001-7847-8221; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 30 PY 2002 VL 107 IS D20 AR 8262 DI 10.1029/2001JD000476 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 634YG UT WOS:000180369600002 ER PT J AU Andreas, EL Guest, PS Persson, POG Fairall, CW Horst, TW Moritz, RE Semmer, SR AF Andreas, EL Guest, PS Persson, POG Fairall, CW Horst, TW Moritz, RE Semmer, SR TI Near-surface water vapor over polar sea ice is always near ice saturation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE air-sea-ice interaction; humidity measurements; leads; polar marine boundary layer; SHEBA; water vapor ID RESCALING HUMIDITY SENSORS; WESTERN WEDDELL SEA; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TRANSFER-COEFFICIENTS; TEMPERATURES WELL; ENERGY EXCHANGE; ARCTIC-OCEAN; HEAT-FLUX; INVERSIONS; FORMULATION AB [1] During our yearlong participation in the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean experiment (SHEBA), we found the measured relative humidity, figured for saturation with respect to ice, to almost always be near 100%. Often, multiple humidity sensors even showed supersaturation. Four months of observations over sea ice in the Antarctic showed the same behavior. These frequent, ubiquitous, and reproducible measurements are too compelling to discount. We hypothesize that the high relative humidity is a consequence of plentiful water vapor given up by leads and polynyas. We thus develop a simple time-dependent vapor budget model that we solve analytically to assess the role of leads in supplying water vapor to the polar atmospheric boundary layer. The solution to that model shows that (1) because the polar marine boundary layer is generally thin, its timescale for reaching moisture equilibrium is much shorter than the timescale of the synoptic processes that tend to disrupt equilibrium, and (2) because they have relatively warm surfaces, open leads and polynyas supply water vapor more rapidly than the surrounding sea ice surface can remove it, despite an open water fractional area that may be only 5%. In concert, the two processes commonly lead to water vapor densities in the boundary layer over sea ice that are near the value for ice saturation. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Washington, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 59 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 30 PY 2002 VL 107 IS C10 AR 8033 DI 10.1029/2000JC000411 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 633YD UT WOS:000180311700004 ER PT J AU Gursky, H AF Gursky, H TI X-ray astronomy - 40 years on SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CRAB-NEBULA C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gursky, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 30 PY 2002 VL 297 IS 5586 BP 1485 EP 1486 DI 10.1126/science.1075482 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 588JA UT WOS:000177697300034 PM 12202808 ER PT J AU Schoeberl, MR Newman, PA Lait, LR McGee, TJ Burris, JF Browell, EV Grant, WB Richard, EC von der Gathen, P Bevilacqua, R Mikkelsen, IS AF Schoeberl, MR Newman, PA Lait, LR McGee, TJ Burris, JF Browell, EV Grant, WB Richard, EC von der Gathen, P Bevilacqua, R Mikkelsen, IS TI An assessment of the ozone loss during the 1999-2000 SOLVE/THESEO 2000 Arctic campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozone loss; polar ozone; SOLVE ozone loss ID POLAR VORTEX; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; WINTER; STRATOSPHERE; DEPLETION; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Ozone observations from ozonesondes, the lidars aboard the DC-8, in situ ozone measurements from the ER-2, and satellite ozone measurements from Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement III (POAM) were used to assess ozone loss during the Sage III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) and Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone (THESEO) 1999-2000 Arctic campaign. Two methods of analysis were used. In the first method a simple regression analysis of the data time series is performed on the ozonesonde and POAM measurements within the vortex. In the second method the ozone measurements from all available ozone data were injected into a free-running diabatic trajectory model and were carried forward in time from 1 December to 15 March. Vortex ozone loss was then estimated by comparing the ozone values of those parcels initiated early in the campaign with those parcels injected later in the campaign. Despite the variety of observational techniques used during SOLVE, the measurements provide a fairly consistent picture. Over the whole vortex the largest ozone loss occurs between 550 and 400 K potential temperatures (similar to23-16 km) with over 1.5 ppmv (similar to55%) lost by 15 March, the end of the SOLVE mission period. An ozone loss rate of 0.04-0.05 ppmv/day was computed for 15 March. The total column loss was between 44 and 57 DU or 11-15%. Ozonesondes launched after 15 March suggest that an additional 0.5 ppmv or more ozone was lost between 15 March and 1 April. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Div Atmospher Sci, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Danish Meteorol Inst, Div Geophys, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Schoeberl, MR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 916,Bldg 33,Room E311A, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009; Grant, William/B-8311-2009; Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; McGee, Thomas/G-4951-2013 OI von der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556; Grant, William/0000-0002-1439-3285; Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 28 PY 2002 VL 107 IS D20 AR 8261 DI 10.1029/2001JD000412 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 634XM UT WOS:000180367800001 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Myers, M Swanekamp, SB Chan, Y Sethian, JD Obenschain, S AF Friedman, M Myers, M Swanekamp, SB Chan, Y Sethian, JD Obenschain, S TI Suppressing the transit-time instability in large-area electron-beam diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STABILITY; AMPLIFIER AB Large-area electron-beam diodes are drastically affected by the transit-time instability that introduces a large energy spread to the electrons and generates high-power rf radiation. The instability reduces the energy available for applications such as the excitation of KrF lasers. Simulations and experiments show that replacing the flat cathode with a slotted cathode reduces the growth of the instability. This results in an increase in beam energy transfer efficiency from the Nike diode to the KrF laser from approximate to40% to approximate to60%. It will be shown that a further increase in efficiency to 76% is possible. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. TITAN, JAYCOR, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 26 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 9 BP 1597 EP 1599 DI 10.1063/1.1503399 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 585XC UT WOS:000177549200019 ER PT J AU Afanas'ev, VV Stesmans, A Mrstik, BJ Zhao, C AF Afanas'ev, VV Stesmans, A Mrstik, BJ Zhao, C TI Impact of annealing-induced compaction on electronic properties of atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINA THIN-FILMS; OXIDE; DIELECTRICS; GROWTH; SI AB Atomic-layer-deposited layers of Al2O3 on (100)Si are shown to transform into gamma-Al2O3 when treated at temperatures above 800 degreesC. The compaction process leads to widening of the alumina band gap and causes an approximate to0.5 eV upward shift of the oxide conduction band with respect to the Fermi level of Au and Al. In the case of incomplete transformation of the Al2O3 film, large leakage currents across the oxide are observed, which are explained by the formation of conducting grain boundaries similar to those formed on gamma-alumina surfaces. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Leuven, Dept Phys, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. IMEC, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RP Afanas'ev, VV (reprint author), Univ Leuven, Dept Phys, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. NR 13 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 26 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 9 BP 1678 EP 1680 DI 10.1063/1.1501163 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 585XC UT WOS:000177549200046 ER PT J AU Pederson, MR Bernstein, N Kortus, J AF Pederson, MR Bernstein, N Kortus, J TI Fourth-order magnetic anisotropy and tunnel splittings in Mn-12 from spin-orbit-vibron interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR MAGNETS; QUANTUM RELAXATION; NANOMAGNET; CLUSTER AB From density-functional-theory based methods, we calculate the vibrational spectrum of the Mn12O12(COOH)(16)(H2O)(4) molecular magnet. Calculated infrared intensities are in accord with experimental studies. There have been no ab initio attempts at determining which interactions account for the fourth-order anisotropy. We show that vibrationally induced distortions of the molecule contribute to the fourth-order anisotropy Hamiltonian and that the magnitude and sign of the effect (-6.2 K) is in good agreement with all experiments. Vibrationally induced tunnel splittings in isotopically pure and natural samples are predicted. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MPI Festkoperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Pederson, MR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 26 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 9 AR 097202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.097202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 585MR UT WOS:000177529000052 PM 12190432 ER PT J AU Rudakov, LI Huba, JD AF Rudakov, LI Huba, JD TI Hall magnetic shocks in plasma current layers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOTAIL BARIUM RELEASES; LARGE-LARMOR-RADIUS; OPENING SWITCH; INSTABILITY; SIMULATION AB We present new analytical and numerical results of the dynamics of reversed field current layers in the Hall limit (i.e., characteristic length scales smaller than the ion inertial length). A rapid, localized thinning of the current layer leads to the generation of a nonlinear, shocklike structure that propagates in the Bxdeln direction. This magnetic structure is self-supportive and can lead to a nonlocal thinning of the current layer and the release of magnetic energy. C1 Berkeley Res Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA USA. USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Rudakov, LI (reprint author), Berkeley Res Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 26 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 9 AR 095002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.095002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 585MR UT WOS:000177529000027 PM 12190407 ER PT J AU Gumbel, J Witt, G AF Gumbel, J Witt, G TI Cluster ions and ice particle nucleation: Positive feedback at the summer mesospause SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; D-REGION; MESOPAUSE; MESOSPHERE AB Large proton hydrate clusters H+(H2O)(n) can act as condensation nuclei for ice particles near the polar summer mesopause. However, laboratory data pose strong requirements on temperature and humidity for this nucleation mechanism to be feasible. Growth to sufficient cluster sizes is governed by competition between clustering reactions and recombination with free electrons. Since the abundance of free electrons can be strongly reduced by capture to ice particles, the presence of ice particles enhances the growth of cluster ions. This leads to a positive feedback mechanism with particle nucleation being favored in regions where particles already exist. Since this mechanism can amplify irregularities in the ionospheric particle and charge distribution, it is of potential interest for the understanding of polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) and other layered phenomena. We demonstrate these ideas using a dusty ion-chemical model of the D-region. C1 Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC USA. Univ Stockholm, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gumbel, J (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 23 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 16 AR 1782 DI 10.1029/2002GL015146 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 622DY UT WOS:000179632300002 ER PT J AU Blum, AS Schafer, AJD Engel, T AF Blum, AS Schafer, AJD Engel, T TI An AC-STM study of mineral sulfides and the tip induced oxidation of PbS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SURFACE HARMONIC MICROSCOPY; GALENA SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Three different mineral sulfide surfaces were studied using an alternating current scanning tunneling microscope (AC-STM). This technique, which is based on an applied alternating current bias voltage, is able to measure both conducting and insulating surfaces with the resolution of an STM. By comparing the three sulfides (CuS, MoS2, and PbS) with H-Si(111), we could examine the third harmonic generation mechanism on semiconductor surfaces. In addition, the tip-induced oxidation of PbS was observed, starting from a clean PbS surface until an insulating oxide film covered the surface. The reaction was observed with real-time imaging, allowing both the nucleation and growth of an insulating film to be observed without loss of resolution due to insufficient DC tunneling current. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Blum, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 22 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 33 BP 8197 EP 8205 DI 10.1021/jp020621+ PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 584ND UT WOS:000177472800031 ER PT J AU Lucke, RL Rickard, LJ AF Lucke, RL Rickard, LJ TI Photon-limited synthetic-aperture imaging for planet surface studies SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LASER; RADAR; MISSION AB The carrier-to-noise ratio that results from phase-sensitive heterodyne detection in a photon-limited synthetic-aperture ladar (SAL) is developed, propagated through synthetic-aperture signal processing, and combined with speckle to give the signal-to-noise ratio of the resultant image. Carrier- and signal-to-noise ratios are defined in such a way as to be familiar to the optical imaging community. Design equations are presented to show that a 10-mum SAL in orbit around Mars can give centimeter-class resolution with reasonable laser power. SAL is harder to implement in the short-wave infrared and is probably not practical at visible wavelengths unless many separate images can be averaged. Some tutorial information on phase-sensitive heterodyne detection and on synthetic-aperture signal processing and image formation is provided. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lucke, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lucke@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 24 BP 5084 EP 5095 DI 10.1364/AO.41.005084 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 586AT UT WOS:000177560300021 PM 12206219 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Schlickeiser, R AF Dermer, CD Schlickeiser, R TI Transformation properties of external radiation fields, energy-loss rates and scattered spectra, and a model for blazar variability SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : general; galaxies : jets; gamma rays : bursts; quasars : general; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; SELF-COMPTON MODEL; EGRET OBSERVATIONS; ULTRARELATIVISTIC JETS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; DOMINATED ACCRETION; BINARY-SYSTEMS; BLACK-HOLES; COSMIC-RAYS AB We treat transformation properties of external radiation fields in the proper frame of a plasma moving with constant speed. The specific spectral energy densities of external isotropic and accretion disk radiation fields are derived in the comoving frame of relativistic outflows, such as those thought to be found near black hole jet and gamma-ray burst sources. Nonthermal electrons and positrons Compton-scatter this radiation field, and high-energy protons and ions interact with this field through photomeson and photopair production. We revisit the problem of the Compton-scattered spectrum associated with an external accretion disk radiation field and clarify a past treatment by the authors. Simple expressions for energy-loss rates and Thomson-scattered spectra are given for ambient soft photon fields consisting of either a surrounding external isotropic monochromatic radiation field or an azimuthally symmetric, geometrically thin accretion disk radiation field. A model for blazar emission is presented that displays a characteristic spectral and variability behavior due to the presence of a direct accretion disk component. The disk component and distinct flaring behavior can be bright enough to be detected from flat-spectrum radio quasars with GLAST. Spectral states of blazars are characterized by the relative importance of the accretion disk and scattered radiation fields and, in the extended jet, by the accretion disk, inner jet, and cosmic microwave background radiation fields. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 81 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2002 VL 575 IS 2 BP 667 EP 686 DI 10.1086/341431 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 583VF UT WOS:000177430600006 ER PT J AU Park, YD Hanbicki, AT Mattson, JE Jonker, BT AF Park, YD Hanbicki, AT Mattson, JE Jonker, BT TI Epitaxial growth of an n-type ferromagnetic semiconductor CdCr2Se4 on GaAs(001) and GaP(001) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHROMIUM CHALCOGENIDE SPINELS; GAAS; INJECTION AB We report the epitaxial growth of CdCr2Se4, an n-type ferromagnetic semiconductor, on both GaAs and GaP(001) substrates, and describe the structural, magnetic, and electronic properties. Magnetometry data confirm ferromagnetic order with a Curie temperature of 130 K, as in the bulk material. The magnetization exhibits hysteretic behavior with significant remanence, and an in-plane easy axis with a coercive field of similar to125 Oe. Temperature-dependent transport data show that the films are semiconducting in character and n type as grown, with room-temperature carrier concentrations of nsimilar to1x10(18) cm(-3). (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jonker, BT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Park, Yun/A-9559-2008 OI Park, Yun/0000-0001-7699-0432 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 19 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1471 EP 1473 DI 10.1063/1.1498503 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 582LC UT WOS:000177351600035 ER PT J AU Kushmerick, JG Holt, DB Yang, JC Naciri, J Moore, MH Shashidhar, R AF Kushmerick, JG Holt, DB Yang, JC Naciri, J Moore, MH Shashidhar, R TI Metal-molecule contacts and charge transport across monomolecular layers: Measurement and theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CURRENT-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS; TUNNEL-JUNCTION; SPECTROSCOPY; CONDUCTANCE; WIRES; SCATTERING; DEVICE AB Charge transport studies across molecular length scales under symmetric and asymmetric metal-molecule contact conditions using a simple crossed-wire tunnel junction technique are presented. It is demonstrated that oligo(phenylene ethynylene), a conjugated organic molecule, acts like a molecular wire under symmetric contact conditions, but exhibits characteristics of a molecular diode when the connections are asymmetric. To understand this behavior, we have calculated current-voltage (I-V) characteristics using extended Huckel theory coupled with a Green's function approach. The experimentally observed I-V characteristics are in excellent qualitative agreement with the theory. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Kushmerick, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kushmerick@nrl.navy.mil; rshashidhar@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008 NR 24 TC 322 Z9 324 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 19 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 8 AR 086802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.086802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 582FH UT WOS:000177338700044 PM 12190491 ER PT J AU Blum, AS Soto, CM Chatterji, A Lin, TW Johnson, JE Ratna, BR AF Blum, AS Soto, CM Chatterji, A Lin, TW Johnson, JE Ratna, BR TI Fluorescence as a probe of viral nanoblock formation: Designing the building blocks of a hierarchical self-assembled molecular electronics architecture. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 004-COLL BP U396 EP U396 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422201952 ER PT J AU Cao, H Cook, JM Flippen-Anderson, J AF Cao, H Cook, JM Flippen-Anderson, J TI Approach to cyclopentapentalenes. regiospecific synthesis of the highly functionalized [5.5.5.5]tetracycles via the molybdenum carbonyl-mediated tandem Pauson-Khand reaction. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 835-ORGN BP U251 EP U251 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301346 ER PT J AU Carlo, SR Shirk, JS Flom, SR Pong, RGS Ranade, A Tai, HW Baer, E Hiltner, A AF Carlo, SR Shirk, JS Flom, SR Pong, RGS Ranade, A Tai, HW Baer, E Hiltner, A TI Materials for nanolayered polymeric optical limiters SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Appl Polymer Res, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 293-POLY BP U399 EP U399 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302168 ER PT J AU Chang, PH Krizovensky, JM Kamin, RA AF Chang, PH Krizovensky, JM Kamin, RA TI Fuel system icing inhibitor (FSII) deterioration use limits study. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 044-PETR BP U274 EP U274 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301459 ER PT J AU Chen, MS Brandow, SL Schull, TL Dressick, WJ AF Chen, MS Brandow, SL Schull, TL Dressick, WJ TI Fabrication of nanoscale features in metal. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 086-COLL BP U409 EP U409 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202034 ER PT J AU Choi, Y George, C Boyer, PL Kim, HS Hughes, SH Jacobson, KA Marquez, VE AF Choi, Y George, C Boyer, PL Kim, HS Hughes, SH Jacobson, KA Marquez, VE TI Asymmetric synthesis of a con for matio nally locked analogue of 3 '-deoxy thymidine and its triphosphate. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Med Chem Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NCI, FCRDC, NCI HIV Drug Resistance Program, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NIDDK, Mol Recognit Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Jacobson, Kenneth/A-1530-2009; Choi, Yongseok/F-8375-2012 OI Jacobson, Kenneth/0000-0001-8104-1493; Choi, Yongseok/0000-0002-3622-3439 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 113-ORGN BP U118 EP U118 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422300625 ER PT J AU Dominguez, DD Keller, TM AF Dominguez, DD Keller, TM TI Synthesis and characterization of low melting, oligomeric phthalonitrile monomers for aerospace and ship applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 009-POLY BP U359 EP U359 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301887 ER PT J AU Ferrante, RF Hudson, RL Moore, MH AF Ferrante, RF Hudson, RL Moore, MH TI Spectroscopic studies of N-2-rich ices relevant to Triton and Pluto. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Eckerd Coll, Dept Chem, St Petersburg, FL 33733 USA. RI Hudson, Reggie/E-2335-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 013-PHYS BP U295 EP U295 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301514 ER PT J AU Haftel, MI Rosen, M Einstein, TL AF Haftel, MI Rosen, M Einstein, TL TI Atomic scale modeling in an electrochemical environment. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Opt Nanostruct Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 339-COLL BP U449 EP U449 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202285 ER PT J AU Kafafi, ZH AF Kafafi, ZH TI RGB emission based on pentacene and silacyclopentadiene derivatives. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 016-MTLS BP U58 EP U58 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200130 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Kafafi, ZH AF Lee, SH Kafafi, ZH TI Novel spirosilafluorene derivatives for organic light-emitting diodes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 490-ORGN BP U191 EP U191 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301002 ER PT J AU Liang, HY Cao, WL Roberts, MJ Herman, WN Lee, CH AF Liang, HY Cao, WL Roberts, MJ Herman, WN Lee, CH TI Nonlinear NSOM characterization of self-assembled nonlinear optical polymer films. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, Chem & Mat Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 390-POLY BP U428 EP U429 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302265 ER PT J AU Little, CA Keller, TM Qadri, SB AF Little, CA Keller, TM Qadri, SB TI Ferrocenylethynylbenzenes as precursors to iron nanoparticle compositions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 537-INOR BP U725 EP U725 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422203778 ER PT J AU Pollack, SK Whitaker, CM AF Pollack, SK Whitaker, CM TI 4-mercaptostyrene polymers and block copolymers through trimethylsilylethyl protected monomers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 019-POLY BP U360 EP U360 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301897 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR Pietron, JJ Long, JW Rhodes, CP AF Rolison, DR Pietron, JJ Long, JW Rhodes, CP TI Chemistry within nanoarchitectures: Making nothing count on the nanoscale. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 013-ANYL BP U114 EP U114 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200438 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR AF Rolison, DR TI Cast-iron skillet diplomacy as a strategy to shatter the glass ceiling. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 112-IEC BP U628 EP U628 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422203187 ER PT J AU Suwandi, LS McCain, MD Flippen-Anderson, JL Deschamps, JR Konaklieva, MI AF Suwandi, LS McCain, MD Flippen-Anderson, JL Deschamps, JR Konaklieva, MI TI Studies on C-methylthiolated beta-lactam sulfones. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 387-MEDI BP U74 EP U74 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422300387 ER PT J AU Swider-Lyons, K Stanley, J Cotten, G Dmowski, W Egami, T AF Swider-Lyons, K Stanley, J Cotten, G Dmowski, W Egami, T TI Low-platinum oxide-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 078-FUEL BP U568 EP U568 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202909 ER PT J AU Taitt, CR Ligler, FS Anderson, GP AF Taitt, CR Ligler, FS Anderson, GP TI Evanescent wave immunosensors for detection of biohazards. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 212-ANYL BP U145 EP U145 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200637 ER PT J AU Uilk, J Mera, AE Fox, RB Wynne, KJ AF Uilk, J Mera, AE Fox, RB Wynne, KJ TI Dynamic wetting behavior of hydrosilation-cured PDMS systems: A method of obtaining intrinsic contact angle data. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch 6120, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 343-POLY BP U407 EP U407 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302218 ER PT J AU Wearing, XQ Cook, JM Flippen-Anderson, JL AF Wearing, XQ Cook, JM Flippen-Anderson, JL TI Enantiospecific stereospecific total synthesis of alstonisine. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 361-ORGN BP U170 EP U170 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422300873 ER PT J AU Wei, ZL Xiao, YX George, C Kellar, KJ Kozikowski, AP AF Wei, ZL Xiao, YX George, C Kellar, KJ Kozikowski, AP TI Synthesis and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding properties of rigidified epibatidine analogues. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Drug Discovery Program, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 257-MEDI BP U51 EP U51 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422300257 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Cozzens, RF Snow, AW AF Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Cozzens, RF Snow, AW TI Gold colloidal systems: Micelles and polymeric functional materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 193-COLL BP U426 EP U426 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202141 ER PT J AU Yang, JC Schull, TL Shashidhar, R AF Yang, JC Schull, TL Shashidhar, R TI Electrochemical characterization of self-assembled Pt-based oligo(phenylene ethynylene) complexes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 176-COLL BP U423 EP U423 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202124 ER PT J AU Zeng, XC Koga, K Tanaka, H AF Zeng, XC Koga, K Tanaka, H TI Novel phase behavior of water inside nanotube and slit nanopore. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Chem, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Okayama Univ, Dept Chem, Okayama, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 263-COMP BP U509 EP U509 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202588 ER PT J AU Zeng, XC Koga, K Tanaka, H Gao, GT AF Zeng, XC Koga, K Tanaka, H Gao, GT TI Freezing of water confined to hydrophobic nanopores. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Chem, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Okayama Univ, Dept Chem, Okayama, Japan. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Gao, Guangtu/F-4541-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 106-COLL BP U412 EP U412 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202054 ER PT J AU Spira, JL AF Spira, JL TI GPs mustn't be dismayed about grasp of cognitive therapy SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Mental Hlth Serv, Hlth Psychol Program, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Spira, JL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Mental Hlth Serv, Hlth Psychol Program, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD AUG 17 PY 2002 VL 325 IS 7360 BP 390 EP 391 DI 10.1136/bmj.325.7360.390 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 587DV UT WOS:000177626000034 PM 12183319 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Hale, B Utz, G Wallace, M AF Crum, NF Hale, B Utz, G Wallace, M TI Increased risk of prostate cancer in HIV infection? SO AIDS LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Ctr Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG 16 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1703 EP 1704 DI 10.1097/00002030-200208160-00026 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 586BH UT WOS:000177561900025 PM 12172102 ER PT J AU Esser, RH Hobart, KD Kub, FJ AF Esser, RH Hobart, KD Kub, FJ TI Directional diffusion and void formation at a Si (001) bonded wafer interface SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON; SURFACES AB Low-temperature hydrophobic bonding is an enabling technology allowing the fabrication of device structures. Current research into improvement of hydrophobic bonding has focused on the elimination of thermally generated voids. It has been observed that a regular grid etched into the bonding interface can eliminate the thermally generated voids. By manipulation of patterns etched into the bond interface, it was possible to ascertain that the diffusion of interfacial gasses that form the thermally generated voids is enhanced along the [110] directions. This is shown by an analysis of the void density at various locations in relation to the etched trenches at the bonded interface. Void density between trenches is shown to be 12% of the void density near trenches but nto along a [110] direction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Esser, RH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 4 BP 1945 EP 1949 DI 10.1063/1.1491590 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 579HC UT WOS:000177171700035 ER PT J AU Gao, YK Uchino, K Viehland, D AF Gao, YK Uchino, K Viehland, D TI Effects of rare earth metal substituents on the piezoelectric and polarization properties of Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3-Pb(Sb,Mn)O-3 ceramics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATION-LEVEL CHANGE; FERROELECTRIC CERAMICS; DYNAMICS AB The piezoelectric properties of Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3-Pb(Sb,Mn)O-3 modified with the rare earth (RE) metal species Ce (1.03 Angstrom), Eu (0.95 Angstrom) and Yb (0.85 Angstrom) have been investigated. For all rare earth substituents investigated in this system, regardless of the species ionic radii, the piezoelectric properties were observed to have combinatory hard and soft characteristics. Under high drive levels, the mechanical quality factor and the vibrational velocity were both significantly improved by RE substitution, resulting in a significant increase in ultrasonic power. Systematic polarization-electric field measurements revealed significant relaxational polarization similar to a soft piezoelectric, in addition to an internal field similar to a hard piezoelectric. A possible explanation for the combinatory "hardening" and "softening" effects is the coexistence of randomly quenched and mobile defects. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, Int Ctr Actuators & Transducers, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Seasyst Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Gao, YK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, Int Ctr Actuators & Transducers, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM yxg127@psu.edu NR 17 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 4 BP 2094 EP 2099 DI 10.1063/1.1490617 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 579HC UT WOS:000177171700059 ER PT J AU Afansyev, YD Kostianoy, AG Zatsepin, AG Poulain, PM AF Afansyev, YD Kostianoy, AG Zatsepin, AG Poulain, PM TI Analysis of velocity field in the eastern Black Sea from satellite data during the Black Sea '99 experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE maximum cross-correlation method; vortex dipole; Rim Current ID STRATIFIED FLUID; VORTEX DIPOLES; SURFACE; LAYER; PART; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS; EDDIES; OCEAN AB [1] Maximum cross correlation (MCC) analysis of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) imagery of the eastern Black Sea in late September 1999 has been used to reconstruct the velocity and vorticity fields of the upper layer of the sea. Analysis revealed the large-scale dynamic features characteristic of the Black Sea, namely the Rim Current, as well as the detailed pattern of mesoscale vortical activity including meanders, eddies, and dipoles, which are often observed on satellite visible, infrared, or sea color imagery. The dynamical character of the pronounced dipole structure in the northeastern part of the Black Sea was determined by comparison with satellite IR images, geostrophic velocities calculated on the basis of conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) casts performed and trajectories of six Argos-tracked surface velocity program (SVP) drifters deployed during the Black Sea '99 expedition onboard R/V Akvanavt on 25-30 September 1999. C1 Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Phys & Phys Oceanog, St Johns, NF A1B 3X7, Canada. PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 117851, Russia. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Afansyev, YD (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Phys & Phys Oceanog, St Johns, NF A1B 3X7, Canada. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 107 IS C8 AR 3098 DI 10.1029/2000JC000578 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 611BH UT WOS:000178996200009 ER PT J AU Curry, JA Schramm, JL Alam, A Reeder, R Arbetter, TE Guest, P AF Curry, JA Schramm, JL Alam, A Reeder, R Arbetter, TE Guest, P TI Evaluation of data sets used to force sea ice models in the Arctic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE sea ice; arctic ocean; air/ice interactions; SHEBA ID THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION; NCEP-NCAR; SENSITIVITY; VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS; ATMOSPHERE; RADIATION; TRANSPORT; RHEOLOGY; PROJECT AB [1] Basin-scale sea ice models are often run uncoupled to either an atmosphere or ocean model to evaluate the sea ice model, to compare different models, and to test changes in physical parameterizations. Such simulations require that the boundary forcing be specified. The specification of atmospheric forcing associated with the surface heat and freshwater fluxes has been done in various sea ice simulations using climatology, numerical weather prediction analyses, or and satellite data. However, the errors in the boundary forcing may be so large that it is difficult to determine whether discrepancies between simulated and observed properties of sea ice should be attributed to deficiencies in the sea ice model or to the boundary forcing. To assess the errors in boundary forcing, we use data from the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) to evaluate various data sets that have been used to provide boundary forcing for sea ice models that are associated with the surface heat and freshwater fluxes. The impact of errors in these data sets on a sea ice model is assessed by using a single-column ice thickness distribution model, which is alternately forced with in situ measurements from SHEBA and output from large-scale analyses. Substantial discrepancies are found among the data sets. The response of the sea ice model to the different forcing data sets was considerable. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Curry, JA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Campus Box 429, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM curryja@cloud.colorado.edu; schramm@ucar.edu; afshan.alam@colorado.edu; randolph.reeder@colorado.edu; todd.arbetter@colorado.edu; pguest@nps.navy.mil NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 107 IS C8 AR 3102 DI 10.1029/2000JC000466 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 611BH UT WOS:000178996200005 ER PT J AU Sheremet, A Guza, RT Elgar, S Herbers, THC AF Sheremet, A Guza, RT Elgar, S Herbers, THC TI Observations of nearshore infragravity waves: Seaward and shoreward propagating components SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE infragravity waves; energy flux; surf zone; nonlinear phase coupling; shoreline reflection; cross-shore evolution ID SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; 0.005-0.05 HZ MOTIONS; EDGE WAVES; GENERATION; BEACH; SHELF; MODEL AB [1] The variation of seaward and shoreward infragravity energy fluxes across the shoaling and surf zones of a gently sloping sandy beach is estimated from field observations and related to forcing by groups of sea and swell, dissipation, and shoreline reflection. Data from collocated pressure and velocity sensors deployed between 1 and 6 m water depth are combined, using the assumption of cross-shore propagation, to decompose the infragravity wave field into shoreward and seaward propagating components. Seaward of the surf zone, shoreward propagating infragravity waves are amplified by nonlinear interactions with groups of sea and swell, and the shoreward infragravity energy flux increases in the onshore direction. In the surf zone, nonlinear phase coupling between infragravity waves and groups of sea and swell decreases, as does the shoreward infragravity energy flux, consistent with the cessation of nonlinear forcing and the increased importance of infragravity wave dissipation. Seaward propagating infragravity waves are not phase coupled to incident wave groups, and their energy levels suggest strong infragravity wave reflection near the shoreline. The cross-shore variation of the seaward energy flux is weaker than that of the shoreward flux, resulting in cross-shore variation of the squared infragravity reflection coefficient (ratio of seaward to shoreward energy flux) between about 0.4 and 1.5. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sheremet, A (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Howe Russell Geosci Comlex, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 26 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 107 IS C8 AR 3095 DI 10.1029/2001JC000970 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 611BH UT WOS:000178996200012 ER PT J AU Penano, JR Ganguli, G AF Penano, JR Ganguli, G TI Generation of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the ionosphere by localized transverse dc electric fields SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FLICKERING AURORA; PLASMA-WAVES; ELF WAVES; ACCELERATION; ENERGIZATION; RESONANCE; FLOW; MECHANISMS; ARC AB [1] Localized dc electric fields directed perpendicular to the geomagnetic field are studied as a possible ionospheric source of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves. The eigenvalue formulation of the problem is solved numerically and a class of unstable electromagnetic ion cyclotron eigenmodes are found that have properties consistent with some observations of broadband waves near auroral arcs. The frequency range of instability is comparable to the spectral width measured from photometer observations of broadband auroral flickering. Eigenmodes are associated with electric field polarization reversals and E/B ratios similar to that encountered by satellites and sounding rockets traversing auroral arcs. The dc electric field affects ion resonance conditions and allows for resonant interaction within the extent of the eigenfunction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Penano, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6794,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 107 IS A8 AR 1189 DI 10.1029/2001JA000279 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 611HB UT WOS:000179009600002 ER PT J AU Walker, DN Amatucci, WE Ganguli, GI Fernsler, RF AF Walker, DN Amatucci, WE Ganguli, GI Fernsler, RF TI Ion Joule heating as a function of electric field scale size SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE laboratory plasma physics; ion Joule heating; ionosphere; electric field localization; irregularities ID VELOCITY-SHEAR; AURORAL ARC; PLASMA; IRREGULARITIES; WAVES AB [1] In an earlier work we described a laboratory-based experimental series that demonstrated the transition from velocity-shear-driven ion cyclotron wave heating to ion Joule heating as a function of ion-neutral collision frequency. As part of this effort, we demonstrated the ability to control the magnitude and direction of the electric field (or the sign of potential change) in space in a simulated ionospheric environment. In the results presented here we have calculated the electric field by differentiation of a fit to the potential profile and have used the full width at half maximum of this field as a marker for the size of the region. In the case of the ion temperature measurements, which are derived from energy analyzer data by conventional techniques, we demonstrate increased ion temperature consistent with increasing electric field region length. We also have been able to demonstrate a peak in the ion temperature as a function of collision frequency and the Joule heating rate. The data suggest that for approximately constant pressure and electric field strength, the normalized ion temperature increase will be limited for a given scale size. Finally, we argue that these observations are consistent with the notion of a limit to ion heating based on a comparison of the scale length of the region to the mean free path for ion-neutral collisions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walker, DN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 107 IS A8 AR 1158 DI 10.1029/2001JA000314 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 611HB UT WOS:000179009600033 ER PT J AU Bernstein, N Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Bernstein, N Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Nonorthogonal tight-binding model for germanium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TILT GRAIN-BOUNDARY; TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION-METALS; DIMER RECONSTRUCTION; DYNAMICAL PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BAND-STRUCTURE; NOBLE-METALS; SEMICONDUCTORS AB We present a pair of nonorthogonal tight-binding (TB) models for germanium within the NRL-TB approach. One uses an sp(3) basis, and is optimized for total-energy calculations by fitting to the total energy and band structures of several high-symmetry lattice structures. The other uses an sp(3)d(5) basis to accurately reproduce the diamond lattice band structure, including three conduction bands. We present tests of the sp(3) TB model on bulk properties, including high-symmetry lattice structure energies and volumes and the diamond lattice elastic constants, phonons, and band structure. We also present results for point defect formation and relaxation energies and low index surface energies and stresses, many of which have not been calculated using the density-functional theory (DFT), as well as some medium size clusters. Taking advantage of the computational efficiency of the TB approach, we go beyond the capabilities of standard density-functional theory, combining it with molecular dynamics to simulate finite temperature properties of Ge. We get good agreement with experiment for the atomic mean-squared displacement and the melting point approximated using the Lindemann criterion, as well as the linear thermal-expansion coefficient. In another demonstration of the efficiency of the TB approach, we present results for the structure and electronic properties of a high angle twist grain boundary (GB). In agreement with DFT simulation we see a range of structures with comparable energies, all with electronic states deep in the band gap. In contrast to previous work we find some different geometries with perfect fourfold coordination of all atoms in the GB. Despite the perfect coordination, these structures also have deep electronic states in the gap, indicating that the GB will be electrically active. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bernstein, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 63 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 7 AR 075212 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.075212 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 593AV UT WOS:000177969800085 ER PT J AU Pfalzer, P Will, J Nateprov, A Klemm, M Eyert, V Horn, S Frenkel, AI Calvin, S denBoer, ML AF Pfalzer, P Will, J Nateprov, A Klemm, M Eyert, V Horn, S Frenkel, AI Calvin, S denBoer, ML TI Local symmetry breaking in paramagnetic insulating (Al,V)(2)O-3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAY ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; ORBITAL OCCUPATION; SELF-ABSORPTION; FERMI-LIQUID; DOPED V2O3; TRANSITION; PHASE; SPIN; EXCHANGE; SYSTEM AB The local structure of (Al0.06V0.94)(2)O-3 in the paramagnetic insulating (PI) and antiferromagnetically ordered insulating (AFI) phase has been investigated using hard and soft x-ray absorption techniques. It is shown that (1) on a local scale, the symmetry of the vanadium sites in both the PI and AFI phases is the same and (2) the vanadium-3d-oxygen-2p hybridization, as gauged by the oxygen 1s absorption edge, is the same for both phases, but distinctly different from the paramagnetic metallic phase of pure V2O3. These findings can be understood in the context of a recently proposed model which relates the long-range monoclinic distortion of the antiferromagnetically ordered state to orbital ordering, if orbital short-range order in the PI phase is assumed. The measured anisotropy of the x-ray absorption spectra is discussed in relation to spin-polarized density functional calculations. C1 Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany. Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10016 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Pfalzer, P (reprint author), Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, Univ Str 1, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany. RI Eyert, Volker/C-5968-2008; Calvin, Scott/A-9589-2009; Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011 OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 8 AR 085119 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.085119 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 593BW UT WOS:000177972500046 ER PT J AU Rudin, S Reinecke, TL AF Rudin, S Reinecke, TL TI Effects of exciton-acoustic-phonon scattering on optical line shapes and exciton dephasing in semiconductors and semiconductor quantum wells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION POTENTIALS; DEGENERATE BANDS; GAAS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DISPERSION; LINEWIDTHS; DIAMOND; STATES AB The interaction of excitons with acoustic phonons in direct band-gap semiconductors gives the dominant contribution to the temperature-dependent part of the exciton homogeneous linewidths and to dephasing rates at lower temperatures, e.g., below 150 K in bulk GaAs. Experimental results have shown that this contribution increases substantially in going from GaAs quantum wells to bulk GaAs. A perturbation treatment of acoustic phonon scattering in a simple band exciton model-i.e., neglecting valence-band coupling and anisotropy of exciton dispersion-agrees with experimental results in narrow quantum wells. On the other hand, it fails by an order of magnitude for bulk GaAs and by a large factor for other materials. Here we give a thorough theoretical discussion of this problem. The exciton linewidth is calculated to lowest order in the exciton-acoustic-phonon coupling including valence-band interactions and anisotropic exciton dispersion. The effects of multiple scatterings of phonons in higher orders of the exciton-phonon interactions are calculated and previous work on these effects are discussed. The effects of impurity motion from acoustic phonons on the exciton linewidths are evaluated. We conclude that the temperature-dependent exciton linewidth is given reasonably well by the lowest-order phonon scatterings provided that the full anisotropic exciton dispersion is included. Higher-order phonon scatterings give a small contribution to the linewidth and can affect the line shape. These results agree well with available experimental results for the low-temperature exciton linewidths in bulk GaAs and ZnSe and in quantum wells from these materials. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rudin, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 8 AR 085314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.085314 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 593BW UT WOS:000177972500072 ER PT J AU Tischler, JG Bracker, AS Gammon, D Park, D AF Tischler, JG Bracker, AS Gammon, D Park, D TI Fine structure of trions and excitons in single GaAs quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; NEGATIVELY CHARGED EXCITONS; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-FIELD; WELLS; MAGNETOEXCITONS; SPECTRA; STATES AB Trions and excitons, localized laterally in quantum-dot-like potentials in GaAs quantum wells, were studied by magnetophotoluminescence spectroscopy as a function of magnetic field strength and orientation. Single-trion spectroscopy was demonstrated using high spatial resolution. We present a comparative study of the fine structure of single localized excitons and trions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 33 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 8 AR 081310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.081310 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 593BW UT WOS:000177972500021 ER PT J AU Fujita, M Chao, BF Sanchez, BV Johnson, TJ AF Fujita, M Chao, BF Sanchez, BV Johnson, TJ TI Oceanic torques on solid Earth and their effects on Earth rotation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Earth rotation; oceanic torque; angular momentum ID ATMOSPHERIC ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; POLAR MOTION; CHANDLER-WOBBLE; EXCITATION; BUDGET; BALANCE; SIGNALS AB [1] We calculate that the oceanic torque vectors (x, y, z components) acting on the solid Earth using the Parallel Ocean Climate Model (POCM) output data at 3-day intervals for the period 1988-1995. This study examined three distinct types of torque, with different physical mechanisms: pressure, gravitational, and frictional. The pressure torque is further divided into two parts: that due to Earth's ellipticity and that due to the ocean bottom topography. According to resultant time series the ellipticity pressure torque causes the largest effect for the x and y components. The gravitational torque and the ellipticity pressure torque are shown numerically to be exactly proportional by a factor of -0.49. The topographic pressure torque is somewhat smaller in overall amplitude than the ellipticity-induced torque (the sum of the ellipticity pressure torque and gravitational torque). The ocean bottom frictional torque is found to be negligible in all three components. To validate the torque calculations, we compare the calculated oceanic torques with effective torque derived from the ocean angular momentum (OAM) variation, both from POCM. It is shown that the effective torque associated with the mass term of the OAM agrees remarkably well with the ellipticity-induced torque as required by theory. For the motion term the effective torque can be explained mostly by the topographic pressure torque in the intraseasonal periods, but the seasonal and longer-period components show significant differences between the two. The difference should theoretically be attributed to the exclusion of the wind frictional torque on the ocean. However, a comparison based on the NASA GEOS-1 atmospheric model shows that the wind frictional torque obtained is insufficient in power in the x and y components. Finally, in the application to the Earth rotation excitation it is found that both the ellipticity and topographic torques have comparable contributions to polar motion excitation for both seasonal and nonseasonal variations. For the length of day variation, our torque approach is presently inadequate because the oceanic contribution is relatively too small to be estimated in the presence of data and model errors. C1 Japan Coast Guard, Hysrog & Oceanog Dept, Chuo Ku, Tokyo 1040045, Japan. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Geodesy Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN Observ, Earth Orientat Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Fujita, M (reprint author), Japan Coast Guard, Hysrog & Oceanog Dept, Chuo Ku, 5-3-1 Tsukiji, Tokyo 1040045, Japan. EM masayuki-fujita@kaiho.mlit.go.jp; chao@bowie.gsfc.nasa.gov; bsanchez@santafe.gsfc; tj@casa.usno.navy.mol RI Sanchez, Braulio/I-5952-2013; Chao, Benjamin Fong/N-6156-2013 NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 14 PY 2002 VL 107 IS B8 AR 2154 DI 10.1029/2001JB000339 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 610ZY UT WOS:000178993000007 ER PT J AU Aydaraliev, M Zotova, NV Karandashov, SA Matveev, BA Remennyi, MA Stus', NM Talalakin, GN Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Meyer, JR AF Aydaraliev, M Zotova, NV Karandashov, SA Matveev, BA Remennyi, MA Stus', NM Talalakin, GN Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Meyer, JR TI 6 W InGaAsSb(Gd)/InAsSbP double-heterostructure diode lasers emitting at lambda=3.3 mu m SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INASSB AB An InGaAsSb/InAsSbP double-heterostructure laser (lambda=3.3 mum) with Gd-doped active region exhibited 6 W (35 A and 150 ns) of output power in pulsed mode at 78 K. The power, spectral, and electrical characteristics are presented, along with their temperature dependences. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 RAS, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aydaraliev, M (reprint author), RAS, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009; Stus', Nikolai/E-4072-2014; Karandashev, Sergei/E-5239-2014; Matveev, Boris/E-3890-2014 NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 12 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 7 BP 1166 EP 1167 DI 10.1063/1.1499219 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 581GY UT WOS:000177284400004 ER PT J AU Leon, C Rivera, A Santamaria, J Moynihan, CT Ngai, KL AF Leon, C Rivera, A Santamaria, J Moynihan, CT Ngai, KL TI Comment on "Ionic conduction in glass: New information on the interrelation between the 'Jonscher behavior' and the 'Nearly constant-loss behavior' from broadband conductivity spectra" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID AC CONDUCTIVITY C1 Univ Complutense, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leon, C (reprint author), Univ Complutense, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686 NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 12 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 7 AR 079601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.079601 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 579WE UT WOS:000177200100055 PM 12190563 ER PT J AU Wolff, MT Hertz, P Wood, KS Ray, PS Bandyopadhyay, RM AF Wolff, MT Hertz, P Wood, KS Ray, PS Bandyopadhyay, RM TI Eclipse timings of the low-mass X-ray binary EXO 0748-676. III. Orbital period jitter observed with the Unconventional Stellar Aspect Experiment and the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; stars : individual (EXO 0748-676); X-rays : binaries ID ASTRONOMICAL TIME-SERIES; EXO 0748-676; TRANSIENT; EVOLUTION; DISCOVERY; X1658-298; HZ; OSCILLATION; RADIATION; VARIABLES AB We present seven eclipse timings of the low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) EXO 0748-spect (USA) Experiment during 1999-2000, as well as 122 eclipse timings obtained with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) during 1996-2000. According to our analysis, the mean orbital period has increased by similar to8 ms between the pre-RXTE era (1985-1990) and the RXTE/USA era (1996-2000). This corresponds to an orbital period derivative of P(orb)/(P) over dot (orb) similar to 2 x 10(7) yr. However, neither a constant orbital period derivative nor any other simple ephemeris provides an acceptable fit to the data; individual timings of eclipse centers have residuals of up to 15 or more seconds away from our derived smooth ephemerides. When we consider all published eclipse timing data, including those presented here, a model that includes observational measurement error, cumulative period jitter, and underlying period evolution is found to be consistent with the timing data. We discuss several physical mechanisms for LMXB orbital evolution in an effort to account for the change in orbital period and the observed intrinsic jitter in the mideclipse times. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wolff, MT (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.wolff@nrl.navy.mil OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 44 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2002 VL 575 IS 1 BP 384 EP 396 DI 10.1086/341264 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 581BH UT WOS:000177270900034 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR AF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR TI Coronal white-light jets near sunspot maximum SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) Sun : filaments; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : prominences ID MASS EJECTIONS; TELESCOPE AB During the 1996-1997 activity minimum, the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) recorded numerous jetlike ejections above the Sun's polar regions. In a previous study, we showed that these white-light ejections were the outward extensions of extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) jets, which in turn originated from flaring bright points inside the polar coronal holes. Here we investigate a number of jetlike events observed with LASCO during the current sunspot maximum. To identify the solar surface counterparts of these events, we again use Fe XII lambda195 images obtained by the EUV Imaging Telescope on SOHO. The white-light jets in our sample have angular widths of similar to3degrees-7degrees and velocities typically of order 600 km s(-1); they tend to be brighter and wider than the polar jets observed near sunspot minimum and are distributed over a much greater range of latitudes. Many of the ejections are recurrent in nature and originate from active regions located inside or near the boundaries of nonpolar coronal holes. We deduce that the jet-producing regions consist of systems of closed magnetic loops partially surrounded by open fields; perturbations in the closed fields caused them to reconnect with the overlying open flux, releasing the trapped energy in the form of jetlike ejections. In some events, the core of the active region erupts, producing fast, collimated ejections with widths of up to similar to15degrees. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Code 7672,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2002 VL 575 IS 1 BP 542 EP 552 DI 10.1086/341145 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 581BH UT WOS:000177270900047 ER PT J AU Antiochos, SK Karpen, JT DeVore, CR AF Antiochos, SK Karpen, JT DeVore, CR TI Coronal magnetic field relaxation by null-point reconnection SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS; EXPLOSIVE EVENTS; MASS EJECTIONS; HELICITY; PLASMA; ENERGY; MODEL; EQUILIBRIUM; SIMULATIONS; ATMOSPHERE AB We derive the minimum energy state resulting from complete magnetic reconnection in a translationally or axisymmetric MHD system, in the limit of a low plasma beta and high magnetic Reynolds number conditions appropriate to the solar corona. The results are necessary for determining the amount of energy that can be liberated by reconnection and, hence, are important for understanding coronal heating and other forms of solar activity. The key difference between our approach and previous work is that because of line tying at the high-beta photosphere, reconnection is limited to occur only at magnetic null points initially present in the system. We find that under these circumstances the minimum energy state is not the usual linear force-free field but a state in which the nonpotential component of the field is distributed uniformly on equal flux surfaces. We discuss the implications of our results for the Sun's corona and for laboratory plasmas. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Ctr Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Antiochos, SK (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM antiochos@nrl.navy.mil RI Karpen, Judith/E-1484-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X NR 52 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2002 VL 575 IS 1 BP 578 EP 584 DI 10.1086/341193 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 581BH UT WOS:000177270900050 ER PT J AU Reames, DV Tylka, AJ AF Reames, DV Tylka, AJ TI Energetic particle abundances as probes of an interplanetary shock wave SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; shock waves; Sun : abundances; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : particle emission ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ACCELERATION; EVENTS; INTENSITIES; TRANSPORT; EVOLUTION; SPECTRA; WIND AB We examine the unique abundance variations of Fe/O and He/H in solar energetic particles from a W09 event of 2001 April 10 that have leaked through the flank of an interplanetary shock launched from W04 on April 9. Shock waves from both events reached the Wind spacecraft on April 11. During the second event, both Fe/O and He/H began at low values and rose to maxima near the time of passage of the shock waves, indicating greater scattering for the species with the highest rigidity at a given velocity. Strong modulation of Fe/O suggests preferential scattering and trapping of Fe by the wave spectrum near and behind the intermediate shock. A significant factor may be the residual proton-generated waves from the very hard proton spectrum accelerated by the early shock wave prior to the onset of the second event. Thus, ion abundances from the later event probe the residual wave spectrum at the earlier shock. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reames, DV (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2002 VL 575 IS 1 BP L37 EP L39 DI 10.1086/342529 PN 2 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 581BJ UT WOS:000177271000009 ER PT J AU Williams, D Hilton, SM Moore, J AF Williams, D Hilton, SM Moore, J TI Cognitive measures of Vietnam-era prisoners of war SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID FOLLOW-UP; DISABILITY; STRESS C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Operat Med Inst, Robert E Mitchell Ctr Prisoner War Studies, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Williams, D (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RI Hilton, Susan/A-3324-2009 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 7 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 5 BP 574 EP 575 DI 10.1001/jama.288.5.574 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 581FJ UT WOS:000177280200013 PM 12150666 ER PT J AU Ghai, M Dutta, S Hall, T Freilich, D Ockenhouse, CF AF Ghai, M Dutta, S Hall, T Freilich, D Ockenhouse, CF TI Identification, expression, and functional characterization of MAEBL, a sporozoite and asexual blood stage chimeric erythrocyte-binding protein of Plasmodium falciparum SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; chimeric erythrocyte binding protein; MAEBL; EBA-175; AMA-1; sporozoite ID MALARIA PARASITES; GLYCOPHORIN-A; INVASION; ANTIGEN; FAMILY; ANTIBODIES; SEQUENCES; PEPTIDES; RECEPTOR; SURFACE AB MAEBL is a chimeric erythrocyte binding protein reported in rodent malaria parasites Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium berghei, that has the gene structure similar to erythrocyte binding proteins, but N-terminal homology to subdomains I and II of Apical membrane antigen-1. We report here the sequence analysis and gene structure of the Plasmodium falciparum maebl gene. We have cloned and expressed a putative red cell binding domain, M2, of this gene in Escherichia coli, purified the recombinant protein (r-PfM2) and studied its in vitro binding specificity to human red cells. Binding of r-PfM2 protein to red cells was abolished by pretreatment with papain, while increased binding was observed to neuraminidase-treated red cells. Polyclonal antibodies to r-PfM2 recognized native MAEBL protein in blood stage schizont extracts of the parasite on Western blots and within the apical complex of free merozoites, by indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA). MAEBL expression in P. falciparum sporozoites was also detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and IFA. High titer antibodies to r-PfM2 were observed in human sera obtained from a malaria endemic region some of which inhibited r-PfM2 binding to red cells. Individuals immunized with irradiated sporozoites tested positive for anti-MAEBL antibodies by ELISA. The dual stage expression of MAEBL makes it an excellent pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic stage vaccine target antigen. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ockenhouse, CF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD AUG 7 PY 2002 VL 123 IS 1 BP 35 EP 45 AR PII s0166-6851(02)00123-8 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(02)00123-8 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 592HG UT WOS:000177930700004 PM 12165387 ER PT J AU Steinhurst, DA Baronavski, AP Owrutsky, JC AF Steinhurst, DA Baronavski, AP Owrutsky, JC TI Transient infrared spectroscopy of Mn-2(CO)(10) with 400 nm excitation SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METAL-METAL BONDS; PHOTODISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; DIMANGANESE DECACARBONYL; EXCITED-STATES; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; MN2(CO)10; ABSORPTION; PHOTOLYSIS; PHOTOPRODUCTS; DISSOCIATION AB We report an ultrafast 400 nm pump-IR probe study of Mn-2 (CO)(10), photochemistry in cyclohexane and isopropanol at room temperature. While both Mn-2(CO)(9) and Mn(CO)(5) are produced with UV dissociation, long wavelength excitation at 400 nm yields predominantly the monometal product, Mn(CO)(5). The Mn(CO)(5) vibrational energy relaxation (VER) is analyzed in terms of the narrowing of its IR absorption band. The initial band broadening is attributed to population in low frequency vibrational modes (M-C stretches and bends) and the VER decay time is found to be on the 60 ps time scale in both solvents. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Mol Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Mol Dynam Sect, Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2002 VL 361 IS 5-6 BP 513 EP 519 AR PII S0009-2614(02)00994-6 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00994-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 587YD UT WOS:000177671100023 ER PT J AU Walton, SG Leonhardt, D Fernsler, RF Meger, RA AF Walton, SG Leonhardt, D Fernsler, RF Meger, RA TI Extraction of positive and negative ions from electron-beam-generated plasmas SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SF6 AB The results of investigations using pulsed, electron-beam-produced plasmas in Ar/SF6 mixtures are reported. Time-resolved, positive, and negative ion fluxes were measured at a biased electrode located adjacent to the plasma. The measurements indicate that plasmas form with large negative ion densities due to electron attachment to SF6 at the low electron temperatures associated with electron-beam-generated plasmas. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sgwalton@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 6 BP 987 EP 989 DI 10.1063/1.1498502 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 579GZ UT WOS:000177171400013 ER PT J AU Schuck, PW Ganguli, GI Kintner, PM AF Schuck, PW Ganguli, GI Kintner, PM TI The role of lower-hybrid-wave collapse in the auroral ionosphere SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATION; TURBULENCE AB In regions where lower-hybrid solitary structures (LHSS) are observed, the character of auroral lower-hybrid turbulence (LHT) (0-20 kHz) is investigated using the amplitude probability distribution of the electric field. The observed probability distributions are accurately described by a Rayleigh distribution with two degrees of freedom. The statistics of the LHT exhibit no evidence of the global modulational instability or self-similar wave collapse. We conclude that nucleation and resonant scattering in preexisting density depletions are the processes responsible for LHSS in auroral LHT. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Schuck, PW (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Code 6794,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 6 AR 065002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.065002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 576MT UT WOS:000177009600024 ER PT J AU Aaronson, HI Spanos, G Reynolds, WT AF Aaronson, HI Spanos, G Reynolds, WT TI A progress report on the definitions of bainite SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE bainite; solute drag effect; eutectoid decomposition; interfacial structure ID LEDGED INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES; FE-C ALLOYS; INCOMPLETE TRANSFORMATION PHENOMENON; DISPLACIVE PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; INVARIANT-PLANE-STRAIN; INTERFACIAL STRUCTURE; GROWTH-KINETICS; SURFACE-RELIEF; MO ALLOY; FERRITE PLATES AB Current understanding of the different physical phenomena groups underlying various ways in which bainite has been defined are reviewed whilst recognizing three different, yet sometimes partially overlapping descriptions of bainite. These included the microstructural (competitive eutectoid reaction), the overall reaction kinetics (coupled-solute drag effect) and the surface relief (martensitic mechanism). (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Monash Univ, Sch Phys & Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Aaronson, HI (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 69 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD AUG 2 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 139 EP 144 AR PII S1359-6462(02)00119-7 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00119-7 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 587ZB UT WOS:000177673300002 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR Hartshorn, CM Singh, A Chang, EL AF Deschamps, JR Hartshorn, CM Singh, A Chang, EL TI Chloro(nitrato)[1,4,7-tris(4-vinyl)benzyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane]copper (II) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID HYDROLYSIS; PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; POLYMERS; REACTIVITY AB The title compound, [CuCl(NO3)(C33H39N3)] or Cu([9]ane(Nvbz)(3) NO3Cl, is the polymerizable form of a potent metal-chelator complex that catalyses the hydrolysis of phosphate esters. The coordination geometry around the Cu atom is square pyramidal. The structure has a similar conformation to the parent catalyst Cu([9]aneN(3))Cl-2, showing that the extensive functionalization does not significantly distort the metal-complex geometry. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD AUG PY 2002 VL 58 BP m396 EP m398 DI 10.1107/S1600536802011613 PN 8 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 578XX UT WOS:000177147300009 ER PT J AU Flippen-Anderson, JL Deschamps, JR Brossi, A Greig, NH AF Flippen-Anderson, JL Deschamps, JR Brossi, A Greig, NH TI 2-hydroxybenzoic acid salt of physostigmine SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID ALZHEIMER DRUG PHENSERINE; DISEASE; BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; MEMORY AB Physostigmine, C15H22N3O2, is the major alkaloid found in the seeds of Calabar beans. It was the first anticholinesterase used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and is still used in the treatment of glaucoma. The structure of its 2-hydroxybenzoate salt, viz. 5-carbamoyloxy-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro-1,3a,8-trimethylpyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-1-ium benzoate, C15H22N3O2+.C7H5O3-, is reported. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NIA, Drug Design & Dev Sect, Neurosci Lab, Gerontol Res Ctr 4E02,NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Flippen-Anderson, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD AUG PY 2002 VL 58 BP o853 EP o855 DI 10.1107/S1600536802012278 PN 8 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 578XX UT WOS:000177147300055 ER PT J AU Gilardi, R Evans, R Zhang, MX AF Gilardi, R Evans, R Zhang, MX TI (2E)-3-[(1E)-2-(5-nitroisoxazol-3-yl)vinyloxy]-prop-2-enal SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The title compound, (2E)-3-[(1E)-2-(5-nitroisoxazol-3-yl)vinyloxy]prop-2-enal, C8H6N2O5, was an unexpected product of the direct reaction of furan and nitroacetylene. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c, and is an unsaturated compound with a density of 1.507 g cm(-3). As a result of cooperative C-H...O hydrogen bonding, the title compound forms centrosymmetric planar dimers, which pack in stacks of almost-planar parallel layers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD AUG PY 2002 VL 58 BP o856 EP o857 DI 10.1107/S1600536802011583 PN 8 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 578XX UT WOS:000177147300056 ER PT J AU Gilardi, R Butcher, RJ Bashir-Hashemi, A AF Gilardi, R Butcher, RJ Bashir-Hashemi, A TI 4,7-dichlorotricyclo[3.1.1.0(3,6)]heptane-2-carboxylic acid SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID OXALYL CHLORIDE; CUBANES AB The structure of the carboxylic acid derivative of the new substituted open-cage system, 4,7-dichlorotricyclo[3.1.1.0(3,6)]-heptane-2-carboxylic acid, C8H8Cl2O2, shows that the carboxyl C atom has close contacts with C atoms of the cage system. Hydrogen bonds from the carboxylic acid functional groups of adjoining molecules form centrosymmetric dimers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Fluorochem Inc, Azusa, CA 91702 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD AUG PY 2002 VL 58 BP o860 EP o861 DI 10.1107/S1600536802012448 PN 8 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 578XX UT WOS:000177147300058 ER PT J AU Kellogg, J Bovais, C Foch, R McFarlane, H Sullivan, C Dahlburg, J Gardner, J Ramamurti, R Gordon-Spears, D Hartley, R Kamgar-Parsi, B Pipitone, F Spears, W Sciambi, A Srull, D AF Kellogg, J Bovais, C Foch, R McFarlane, H Sullivan, C Dahlburg, J Gardner, J Ramamurti, R Gordon-Spears, D Hartley, R Kamgar-Parsi, B Pipitone, F Spears, W Sciambi, A Srull, D TI The NRL micro tactical expendable (MITE) air vehicle SO AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing technologies that will enable Navy-relevant missions with the smallest practical Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs). The NRL MicroTactical Expendable (MITE) air vehicle is a result of this research. MITE is a hand-launched, dual-propeller, fixed-wing air vehicle, with a 25cm chord and a wingspan of 25-47cm, depending on payload weight. Vehicle gross weight is 130-350g. Miniature autopilot systems, based on visual imaging techniques, are being developed for MITE. These will be used in conjunction with conventional autopilot sensors to allow the MITE to fly autonomously. This paper provides an overview of the MITE development, including aerodynamic design considerations, electric propulsion, and vision-based autopilot research. Also presented is a rationale for the development of control laws that can direct the behavior of large groups of MAVs or other vehicle agents. Dubbed 'physicomimetics,' this process can bring about the self-assembly of complex MAV formations, though individual MAVs have minimal onboard processing power and limited local sensing capabilities. C1 Naval Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kellogg, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOC PI LONDON PA 4 HAMILTON PL, LONDON W1J 7BQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-9240 J9 AERONAUT J JI Aeronaut. J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 106 IS 1062 BP 431 EP 441 AR UNSP 2677 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 584MV UT WOS:000177471100003 ER PT J AU Oran, ES AF Oran, ES TI Matchsticks, scramjets, and black holes: Numerical simulation faces reality SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 40th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 15-18, 2002 CL RENO, NEVADA SP AIAA AB The evolution of the science and art of numerical simulation of complex, complicated fluid flows has made enormous strides in the past 40 years. We have progressed from relatively simplified one-dimensional steady-state results to fully three-dimensional, time-dependent simulations including very complex physics. These advances have been driven by new computational hardware, new algorithms for solving the equations, and the real need for this technology. The broad range of applications that are possible are emphasized and some of what we can now do, what we have learned, and where we might go with this exciting technology in the future is described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oran, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Code 6404, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1481 EP 1494 DI 10.2514/2.1823 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 580QJ UT WOS:000177245000001 ER PT J AU Burfisher, ME Robinson, S Thierfelder, K AF Burfisher, ME Robinson, S Thierfelder, K TI Developing countries and the gains from regionalism: Links between trade and farm policy reforms in Mexico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE agricultural reforms; commercial policies; computable general equilibrium (CGE) model; developing countries; multilateralism; NAFTA; protection; regionalism ID LIBERALIZATION; MODELS; GROWTH AB We use a multi-country computable general equilibrium (CGE) model with agricultural policy details to simulate the effects of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). We find that Mexico gains from NAFTA only when it also removes domestic distortions in agriculture. In that case, agriculture can generate allocative efficiency gains large enough to offset the terms of trade losses that arise because Mexico has higher initial tariffs than its NAFTA partners. When an RTA forces a developing country to reform its domestic distortions that are linked to trade restrictions. it becomes a building block toward multilateralism. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Int Trade Policy Res Inst, Trade & Macroecon Div, Washington, DC USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Burfisher, ME (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 84 IS 3 BP 736 EP 748 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00331 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 578LP UT WOS:000177119300014 ER PT J AU Burfisher, ME Robinson, S Thierfelder, K AF Burfisher, ME Robinson, S Thierfelder, K TI The global impacts of farm policy reforms in organization for economic cooperation and development countries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASSA Winter Meeting CY JAN 04-06, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP ASSA C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Int Food Policy Res Inst, Trade & Macroecon Div, Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Burfisher, ME (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 84 IS 3 BP 774 EP 781 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00336 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 578LP UT WOS:000177119300019 ER PT J AU Clark, PC Bondy, P Jacob, L AF Clark, PC Bondy, P Jacob, L TI Radiology quiz case - Nasal sarcoidosis, in association with pulmonary sarcoidosis SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Clark, PC (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 128 IS 8 BP 979 EP 980 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 582JD UT WOS:000177346300021 PM 12162783 ER PT J AU Hogg, DW Blanton, M Strateva, I Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lupton, R Munn, JA Nichol, R Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP York, DG AF Hogg, DW Blanton, M Strateva, I Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lupton, R Munn, JA Nichol, R Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP York, DG TI The luminosity density of red galaxies SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : stellar content ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; EVOLUTION AB A complete sample of 7.7 x 10(4) galaxies with five-band imaging and spectroscopic redshifts from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey is used to determine the fraction of the optical luminosity density of the local universe (redshifts 0.02 < z < 0.22) emitted by red galaxies. The distribution in the space of rest-frame color, central surface brightness, and concentration is shown to be highly clustered and bimodal; galaxies fall primarily into one of two distinct classes. One class is red, concentrated, and high in surface brightness; the other is bluer, less concentrated, and lower in central surface brightness. Elliptical and bulge-dominated galaxies preferentially belong to the red class. Even with a very restrictive definition of the red class that includes limits on color, surface brightness, and concentration, the class comprises roughly one-fifth of the number density of galaxies more luminous than 0.05L* and produces two-fifths of the total cosmic galaxy luminosity density at 0.7 mum. The natural interpretation is that a large fraction of the stellar mass density of the local universe is in very old stellar populations. C1 NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Hogg, DW (reprint author), NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403 NR 30 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 124 IS 2 BP 646 EP 651 DI 10.1086/341392 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 574KQ UT WOS:000176888900002 ER PT J AU Dahn, CC Harris, HC Vrba, FJ Guetter, HH Canzian, B Henden, AA Levine, SE Luginbuhl, CB Monet, AKB Monet, DG Pier, JR Stone, RC Walker, RL Burgasser, AJ Gizis, JE Kirkpatrick, JD Liebert, J Reid, IN AF Dahn, CC Harris, HC Vrba, FJ Guetter, HH Canzian, B Henden, AA Levine, SE Luginbuhl, CB Monet, AKB Monet, DG Pier, JR Stone, RC Walker, RL Burgasser, AJ Gizis, JE Kirkpatrick, JD Liebert, J Reid, IN TI Astrometry and photometry for cool dwarfs and brown dwarfs SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE astrometry; color-magnitude diagrams; stars : distances; stars : late-type; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; LOW-MASS STARS; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; INFRARED SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; KECK HIRES SPECTRA; T-DWARFS; GLIESE 229B; STANDARD STARS; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY AB Trigonometric parallax determinations are presented for 28 late-type dwarfs and brown dwarfs, including eight M dwarfs with spectral types between M7 and M9.5, 17 L dwarfs with spectral types between L0 and L8, and three T dwarfs. Broadband photometry at CCD wavelengths (VRIz*) and/or near-IR wavelengths (JHK) is presented for these objects and for 24 additional late-type dwarfs. Supplemented with astrometry and photometry from the literature, including 10 L and two T dwarfs with parallaxes established by association with bright, usually Hipparcos primaries, this material forms the basis for studying various color-color and color-absolute magnitude relations. The I-J color is a good predictor of absolute magnitude for late M and L dwarfs. M(J) becomes monotonically fainter with I-J color and with spectral type through late L dwarfs, then brightens for early T dwarfs. The combination of z*JK colors alone can be used to classify late M, early L, and T dwarfs accurately, as well as to predict their absolute magnitudes, but is less effective at untangling the scatter among mid- and late L dwarfs. The mean tangential velocity of these objects is found to be slightly less than that for dM stars in the solar neighborhood, consistent with a sample with a mean age of several Gyr. Using colors to estimate bolometric corrections and models to estimate stellar radii, effective temperatures are derived. The latest L dwarfs are found to have T(eff) similar to 1360 K. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Dahn, CC (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 111 TC 468 Z9 468 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 124 IS 2 BP 1170 EP 1189 DI 10.1086/341646 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 574KQ UT WOS:000176888900043 ER PT J AU Hall, PB Anderson, SF Strauss, MA York, DG Richards, GT Fan, XH Knapp, GR Schneider, DP Vanden Berk, DE Geballe, TR Bauer, AE Becker, RH Davis, M Rix, HW Nichol, RC Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Haiman, Z Harvanek, M Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Inada, N Ivezic, Z Johnston, D Kleinman, S Krolik, JH Krzesinski, J Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ Long, DC Lupton, RH Miknaitis, G Munn, JA Narayanan, VK Neilsen, E Newman, PR Nitta, A Okamura, S Pentericci, L Pier, JR Schlegel, DJ Snedden, S Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Tsvetanov, Z White, RL Zheng, W AF Hall, PB Anderson, SF Strauss, MA York, DG Richards, GT Fan, XH Knapp, GR Schneider, DP Vanden Berk, DE Geballe, TR Bauer, AE Becker, RH Davis, M Rix, HW Nichol, RC Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Haiman, Z Harvanek, M Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Inada, N Ivezic, Z Johnston, D Kleinman, S Krolik, JH Krzesinski, J Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ Long, DC Lupton, RH Miknaitis, G Munn, JA Narayanan, VK Neilsen, E Newman, PR Nitta, A Okamura, S Pentericci, L Pier, JR Schlegel, DJ Snedden, S Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Tsvetanov, Z White, RL Zheng, W TI Unusual broad absorption line quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE atomic processes; line : identification; quasars : absorption lines; quasars : emission lines; quasars : general; radiative transfer ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; FE-II-EMISSION; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; KECK HIRES OBSERVATIONS; EARLY DATA RELEASE; C-IV ABSORPTION; STELLAR OBJECTS; DISK WINDS AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey has confirmed the existence of populations of broad absorption line (BAL) quasars with various unusual properties. We present and discuss 23 such objects and consider the implications of their wide range of properties for models of BAL outflows and quasars in general. We have discovered one BAL quasar with a record number of absorption lines. Two other similarly complex objects with many narrow troughs show broad Mg II absorption extending longward of their systemic host galaxy redshifts. This can be explained as absorption of an extended continuum source by the rotation-dominated base of a disk wind. Five other objects have absorption that removes an unprecedented 90% of all flux shortward of Mg II The absorption in one of them has varied across the ultraviolet with an amplitude and rate of change as great as ever seen. This same object may also show broad H absorption. Numerous reddened BAL quasars have been found, including at least one reddened mini-BAL quasar with very strong Fe II emission. The five reddest objects have continuum reddenings of E(B-V) similar or equal to0.5, and in two of them we find strong evidence that the reddening curve is even steeper than that of the SMC. We have found at least one object with absorption from Fe III but not Fe II This may be due to a high column density of moderately high ionization gas, but the Fe III level populations must also be affected by some sort of resonance. Finally, we have found two luminous, probably reddened high-redshift objects that may be BAL quasars whose troughs partially cover different regions of the continuum source as a function of velocity. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys & Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Hall, PB (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 152 TC 205 Z9 205 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 141 IS 2 BP 267 EP 309 DI 10.1086/340546 PG 43 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 575ZN UT WOS:000176978500001 ER PT J AU Kozlovsky, B Murphy, RJ Ramaty, R AF Kozlovsky, B Murphy, RJ Ramaty, R TI Nuclear deexcitation gamma-ray lines from accelerated particle interactions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; gamma rays : theory; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances Sun : abundances; Sun : flares; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID CROSS-SECTIONS RELEVANT; SOLAR-FLARE; ABUNDANCES; ASTRONOMY; SPECTROSCOPY; C-12; O-16; OXYGEN; SUN AB Total cross sections for the production of gamma-ray lines from nuclear deexcitation as a function of the projectile energy are evaluated and presented. Included are proton and reactions with He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca, and Fe. Such functions are essential for interpretation of gamma-ray line observations of astrophysical sites which contain large fluxes of energetic particles such as solar flares, the Earth's atmosphere, planetary atmospheres and surfaces, the interstellar medium, and galactic nebulae. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Ramat Aviv, Israel. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kozlovsky, B (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Ramat Aviv, Israel. NR 51 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 141 IS 2 BP 523 EP 541 DI 10.1086/340545 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 575ZN UT WOS:000176978500011 ER PT J AU Timmer, SJ Amundson, DE Malone, JD AF Timmer, SJ Amundson, DE Malone, JD TI Hypersensitivity pneumonitis following anthrax vaccination SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE anthrax vaccine; complication; hypersensitivity pneumonitis ID VACCINES AB A case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) following anthrax vaccination is described. The patient is a 39-year-old, previously healthy man on active duty in the US Marine Corps, in whom a urticaral skin rash and progressive dyspnea on exertion developed following subcutaneous anthrax vaccination. A diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia was made from transbronchial lung biopsy samples after evaluation excluded multiple infectious and collagen vascular etiologies. This appears to be the first recorded case of HP following an anthrax vaccination; however, a case report of pulmonary and cutaneous vasculitis following hepatitis B vaccination has been reported in the literature and is reviewed. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med & Clin Invest, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Pulm, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Amundson, DE (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Pulm Div STE 301, Dept Clin Invest, 34730 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD AUG PY 2002 VL 122 IS 2 BP 741 EP 745 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 584CJ UT WOS:000177449400060 PM 12171861 ER PT J AU Coyle, WJ Pineau, BC Tarnasky, PR Knapple, WL Aabakken, L Hoffman, BJ Cunningham, JT Hawes, RH Cotton, PB AF Coyle, WJ Pineau, BC Tarnasky, PR Knapple, WL Aabakken, L Hoffman, BJ Cunningham, JT Hawes, RH Cotton, PB TI Evaluation of unexplained acute and acute recurrent pancreatitis using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, sphincter of Oddi manometry and endoscopic ultrasound SO ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Article ID IDIOPATHIC ACUTE-PANCREATITIS; INCREASED CHOLECYSTECTOMY RATE; NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY; LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSIS; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; MANAGEMENT; DIVISUM; PANCREATOGRAPHY AB Background and Study Aims: Unexplained pancreatitis represents a diagnostic challenge. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic utility of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with sphincter of Oddi manometry (SOM), bile analysis, and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in evaluating such patients. Patients and Methods: Of 162 patients referred for evaluation of pancreatitis, 72 with a known cause were excluded. The remainder (n=90) was classified as having prior acute (n=24) or recurrent acute pancreatitis (n = 66). Bile sampling and SOM were performed at the time of ERCP. EUS was used to assess for tumors and for chronic pancreatitis. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by questionnaire. Results: ERCP was successful in 88/89 patients (99%). Manometry was successful in 63/67 patients (94%), and 56 patients underwent EUS. Findings were categorized into five distinct etiologies: sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) (n = 28; 31%), pancreas divisum (n=18; 20%), biliary (n=18; 20%), idiopathic (n=18; 20%) and tumor-related (n=8; 9%). Features of moderate or severe chronic pancreatitis by EUS and ERCP criteria were found in 18 patients (21%); an additional nine patients had chronic pancreatitis by EUS criteria alone. EUS identified all the tumors. The condition was improved in 96% of all patients undergoing endoscopic therapy. Conclusion: An etiology was identified in the majority of patients with unexplained pancreatitis. SOD represented the most common finding. Moderate to severe chronic pancreatitis was found in over one-fifth of these patients. Bile analysis, SOM, and EUS are useful tools in the evaluation of unexplained acute pancreatitis. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Ctr Digest Dis, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Coyle, WJ (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM waltcoyle@aol.com NR 54 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0013-726X J9 ENDOSCOPY JI Endoscopy PD AUG PY 2002 VL 34 IS 8 BP 617 EP 623 DI 10.1055/s-2002-33245 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery GA 580JQ UT WOS:000177231800004 PM 12173081 ER PT J AU Schafer, TW Binmoeller, KF AF Schafer, TW Binmoeller, KF TI Argon plasma coagulation for the treatment of colonic varices SO ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BARRETTS-ESOPHAGUS; TOTAL PROCTOCOLECTOMY; JEJUNAL VARICES; ILEAL VARICES; HEMORRHAGE; COMPLICATION; LIGATION AB Various individually tailored endoscopic treatment modalities have been described for bleeding colorectal varices. We describe a case of a 65-year-old man, in whom argon plasma coagulation successfully eradicated ectopic varices at the ileocolonic anastomosis; bleeding could be stopped. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Schafer, TW (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Clin Invest, KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM twschafer@pnh10.med.navy.mil NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0013-726X J9 ENDOSCOPY JI Endoscopy PD AUG PY 2002 VL 34 IS 8 BP 661 EP 663 DI 10.1055/s-2002-33238 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery GA 580JQ UT WOS:000177231800012 PM 12173089 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y Kostka, JE Smith, AC AF Furukawa, Y Kostka, JE Smith, AC TI Multicomponent inverse modelling in aquatic sediments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A251 EP A251 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400488 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Ivanov, LM Kantha, LH Melnichenko, OV Poberezhny, YA AF Chu, PC Ivanov, LM Kantha, LH Melnichenko, OV Poberezhny, YA TI Power law decay in model predictability skill SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Ocean predictability skill is investigated using a Gulf of Mexico nowcast/forecast model. Power law scaling is found in the mean square error of displacement between drifting buoy and model trajectories (both at 50 m depth). The probability density function of the model valid prediction period (VPP) is asymmetric with a long and broad tail on the higher value side, which suggests long-term predictability. The calculations demonstrate that the long-term (extreme long such as 50-60 day) predictability is not an "outlier" and shares the same statistical properties as the short-term predictions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Marine Hydrophys, Sevastopol, Ukraine. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM chu@nps.navy.mil; lmivanov@alpha.mhi.iuf.net; kantha@boulder.colorado.edu NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 15 AR 1748 DI 10.1029/2002GL014891 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 610MX UT WOS:000178964900006 ER PT J AU Li, XF Donato, TF Zheng, QN Pichel, WG Clemente-Colon, P AF Li, XF Donato, TF Zheng, QN Pichel, WG Clemente-Colon, P TI An extraordinary breach of the Gulf Stream north wall by a cold water intrusion SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT; CAPE-HATTERAS; SEA; MIDDLE; SHELF AB [1] A breach of the Gulf Stream (GS) North Wall by a parcel of cold Middle Atlantic Bight shelf water was observed from October 2 to 5, 2001 by a sequence of NOAA AVHRR sea surface temperature (SST) images. Unlike the warm/ cold core rings generated by GS meanders, the path of cold water eventually cuts into the GS. Subsequently, the cold water remained intact and eventually penetrated and transversed the entire width of the GS. This is readily apparent in the 3- day SST sequence. Analysis of wind data from a nearby CMAN station reveals a high (over 12.8 m/ s) and persistent (3 days) alongshore wind event occurred prior to the breach. An 11- year time series (1991- 2001) of local wind measurements show that this type of strong and persistent wind situation is uncommon, which may explain why the large- scale surface shelf water breach of the GS has not been previously reported. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, ERA3, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Radio Infrared & Opt Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ERA3, Room 102,WWBG,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Zheng, Quanan/F-9025-2010; Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 15 AR 1713 DI 10.1029/2002GL015378 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 610MX UT WOS:000178964900040 ER PT J AU Chen, DS Tang, TF Pulyaeva, H Slack, R Tu, B Wagage, D Li, L Perlee, L Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK AF Chen, DS Tang, TF Pulyaeva, H Slack, R Tu, B Wagage, D Li, L Perlee, L Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK TI Relative HLA-DRB1*04 allele frequencies in five United States populations found in a hematopoietic stem cell volunteer donor registry and seven new DRB1*04 alleles SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HLA-DR4; allele frequency; PCR-SSOP ID DRB3 ASSOCIATIONS; HLA-B; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; LOCUS AB The frequencies of 29 HLA-DRB1*04 alleles were determined for five major U.S. populations found within a hematopoietic stem cell volunteer donor registry. One hundred sixty-one DRB1*04 positive individuals from each of the self-described groups, Caucasians, African-Americans, Asian/Pacific Islanders, Hispanics, and Native Americans, were randomly chosen from a database of 82,979 unrelated persons. Subjected to polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe (PCR-SSOP) typing, these 805 individuals carried a total of ten different DRB1*04 alleles, ranging from DRB1*0401 to DRB1*0411 with DRB1*0409 conspicuously absent from all five groups. The distribution of DRB1*04 alleles varied among the groups, with DRB1*0401 being predominant in Caucasians, African-Americans, and Native Americans. DRB1*0404 and DRB1*0407 were the two most commonly observed alleles in Hispanics, whereas DRB1*0405 and DRB1*04031 were most common in Asian/Pacific Islanders. The remaining 18 DRB1*04 alleles known at the time of the study were not observed. Although not observed in the frequency study, seven previously unreported DRB1*04 alleles are also described. (C) American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, 2002. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Lifecodes Corp, Stamford, CT USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Kensington, MD USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, E404 Res Bldg,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01 HB67132] NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 63 IS 8 BP 665 EP 672 AR PII S0198-8859(02)00418-4 DI 10.1016/S0198-8859(02)00418-4 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 577XX UT WOS:000177089300005 PM 12121674 ER PT J AU Williams, KJ AF Williams, KJ TI Comparisons between dual-depletion-region and uni-travelling-carrier p-i-n photodetectors SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-OPTOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-POWER; MICROWAVE PHOTODETECTORS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PHOTODIODE; DESIGN; NONLINEARITIES; PERFORMANCE; BANDWIDTH; INP AB Space-charge and thermal calculations are used to compare the performance of gigahertz-bandwidth, high-current p-i-n photodiodes utilising InGaAs absorbers and InGaAs/InP drift layers. By varying the percentage of InGaAs and InP in the drift layer, comparisons can be made between traditional p-i-n photodiodes (100% InGaAs drift layer), dual-depletion region photodiodes (part InGaAs, part InP drift layer), and uni-travelling-carrier (100% InP drift layer) photodiodes. A local maximum in the maximum photocurrent occurs when a charge balance is present in the depletion layer. The results from space-charge and thermal calculations show that traditional p-i-n and dual-depletion region designs can potentially provide performance that exceeds that of the uni-travelling-carrier design. Charge compensation is proposed as a means of increasing the space-charge-limited photocurrent and for controlling the peak electric fields within the depletion region. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Williams, KJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2433 J9 IEE P-OPTOELECTRON JI IEE Proc.-Optoelectron. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 149 IS 4 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1049/ip-opt:20020504 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 600KQ UT WOS:000178389500003 ER PT J AU Calame, JP Garven, M Danly, BG Levush, B Nguyen, KT AF Calame, JP Garven, M Danly, BG Levush, B Nguyen, KT TI Gyrotron-traveling wave-tube circuits based on lossy ceramics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE backward wave oscillators; ceramics; dielectric loaded waveguides; dielectric losses; dielectric materials; gyrotrons; traveling wave tubes ID LINEAR-THEORY; AMPLIFIER; TWT; GAIN; INSTABILITIES; DESIGN; MAGY; SLOW AB The gyro-traveling wave tube (gyro-TWT) is a microwave amplifier with simultaneous high power, high frequency, and broad bandwidth capabilities. Techniques for providing a controlled loading of the TE01 cylindrical-guide operating mode of a 35 GHz gyro-TWT using monolithic, lossy ceramic structures are presented. The loading scheme, which also suppresses spurious backward-wave oscillations in the TE11, TE21, and TE02 modes, is based on a sequence of alternating ceramic cylindrical shells and metal rings to form the electron beam tunnel. Design techniques for achieving optimal performance and methods for reducing the sensitivity to temperature-induced variations in ceramic dielectric properties are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Omega P Inc, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. KN Res Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. RP Calame, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1469 EP 1477 DI 10.1109/TED.2002.801254 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 578JU UT WOS:000177114700020 ER PT J AU Gao, BC Yang, P Han, W Li, RR Wiscombe, WJ AF Gao, BC Yang, P Han, W Li, RR Wiscombe, WJ TI An algorithm using visible and 1.38-mu m channels to retrieve cirrus cloud reflectances from aircraft and satellite data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE atmosphere; cirrus clouds; remote sensing ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; SCATTERING; AEROSOL; MODIS; HIRS AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MODIS) on the Terra Spacecraft has a channel near 1.38 mum for remote sensing of high clouds from space. The implementation of this channel on MODIS was primarily based on previous analysis of hyperspectral imaging data collected with the Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). In this paper, we describe an algorithm to retrieve cirrus bidirectional reflectance using channels near 0.66 and 1.38 mum. It is shown that the apparent reflectance of the 1.38-mum channel is essentially the bidirectional reflectance of cirrus clouds attenuated by the absorption of water vapor above cirrus clouds. A practical algorithm based on the scatterplot of 1.38-mum channel apparent reflectance versus 0.66-mum channel apparent reflectance has been developed to scale the effect of water vapor absorption so that the true cirrus reflectance in the visible spectral region can be obtained. To illustrate the applicability of the present algorithm, results for cirrus reflectance retrievals from AVIRIS and MODIS data are shown. The derived cirrus reflectance in the spectral region of 0.4-1 mum can be used to remove cirrus contamination in a satellite image obtained at a visible channel. An example of such application is shown. The spatially averaged cirrus reflectances derived from MODIS data can be used to establish global cirrus climatology, as is demonstrated by a sample global cirrus reflectance image. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Amer Chem Soc, Publicat Informat Technol Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012 OI Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849 NR 22 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1659 EP 1668 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2002.802454 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 599KR UT WOS:000178334200001 ER PT J AU Corzine, KA Yuen, J Baker, JR AF Corzine, KA Yuen, J Baker, JR TI Analysis of a four-level dc/dc buck converter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Industry-Applications-Society CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2001 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Ind Applicat Soc DE average-value modeling; dc/dc converters; four-level converters; multilevel converters ID INVERTER AB In this paper, a four-level dc/dc buck converter is introduced. The primary application for this converter is to regulate the center capacitor voltage in a four-level inverter system. The steady-sate and average-value models for the proposed converter are developed and compared in simulation. The converter was constructed in the laboratory and verified on a four-level motor drive system. It was shown that the four-level dc/dc converter provides capacitor voltage balancing and allows higher output voltage utilization from the inverter. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Corzine, KA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM Keith@Corzine.net NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0278-0046 J9 IEEE T IND ELECTRON JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 746 EP 751 DI 10.1109/TIE.2002.801075 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 579RE UT WOS:000177191000004 ER PT J AU Corzine, KA Baker, JR AF Corzine, KA Baker, JR TI Reduced-parts-count multilevel rectifiers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Industry-Applications-Society CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Ind Applicat Soc DE four-level converters; multilevel converters; multilevel rectifiers; reduced parts count AB Multilevel power converters have gained much attention in recent years due to their high power quality, low switching losses, and high-voltage capability. These advantages make the multilevel converter a candidate topology for the next generation of naval ship prolusion systems. The primary disadvantage of these systems is the large number of semiconductors involved. This paper presents a reduced-parts-count rectifier which is well suited for naval rectifier applications where bidirectional power flow is not required. The proposed converter is analyzed and experimentally verified on an 18-kW four-level rectifier/inverter system. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Corzine, KA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. NR 17 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0278-0046 J9 IEEE T IND ELECTRON JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 766 EP 774 DI 10.1109/TIE.2002.801077 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 579RE UT WOS:000177191000006 ER PT J AU Wulf, EA Ampe, J Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA Kurfess, JD Phlips, BF AF Wulf, EA Ampe, J Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA Kurfess, JD Phlips, BF TI Depth measurement in a germanium strip detector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE gamma-ray imaging; position measurement; radiation detectors; semiconductor devices; spectroscopy; time measurement ID RESOLUTION AB We have demonstrated the ability to determine the depth of a gamma-ray interaction point over the full active volume of a thick germanium strip detector. This capability provides depth resolution of less than 0.5-mm full width half maximum (FWHM) at 122 keV in a device 11 mm thick with a 2-mm strip pitch. Fifty channels of electronics have been developed and tested with a 25 X 25 germanium orthogonal strip detectors. Experiments examining the capabilities of the system and demonstrating a simple Compton telescope using a single detector have been performed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22304 USA. RP Wulf, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 7 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1876 EP 1880 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801526 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100051 ER PT J AU Kroeger, RA Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Phlips, BF Wulf, EA AF Kroeger, RA Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Phlips, BF Wulf, EA TI Three-Compton telescope: Theory, simulations, and performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE gamma-ray astronomy detectors; gamma-ray detectors; nuclear imaging; radiation detectors ID GAMMA-RAY TELESCOPE AB The advent of highly segmented gamma-ray detectors with good energy resolution has made a new class of gamma-ray detectors possible. These instruments record the positions and energies of each individual gamma-ray interaction with high precision. Analysis of the individual interactions can provide energy and directional information, even for events with only partial energy deposition. Advantages over traditional gamma-ray detectors include enhanced efficiency, background rejection, gamma-ray imaging, and sensitivity to polarization. Consider those gamma-rays that interact three or more times in the detector. The energy of the gamma-ray that initiated one of these events is uniquely determined by measuring the energies of the first two interactions and the scatter angle of the second interaction. The precision of this measurement is limited by the energy and position resolution of the detector, but also from Doppler broadening that results from gamma-rays scattering off-bound electrons in the detector. It is also essential to correctly sequence the first three interactions. The importance of Doppler broadening is greater in higher Z-materials, thus silicon becomes a good choice for the detector material. We discuss performance and simulations of the multiple Compton telescope. Possible applications include an advanced Compton telescope (ACT) for astrophysics, a medical multiple-gamma detector high-energy imaging survey instrument, and a gamma-ray tracking detector for future low-energy nuclear physics experiments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kroeger, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 8 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1887 EP 1892 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801539 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100053 ER PT J AU Thompson, DJ Godfrey, G Williams, SM Grove, JE Mizuno, T Sadrozinski, HFW Kamae, T Ampe, J Briber, S Dann, J Silva, JDEDE Dubois, R Fukazawa, Y Giebels, B Haller, G Handa, T Hartman, RC Hirano, K Hirayama, M Johnson, RP Johnson, WN Kavelaars, A Kelly, H Kliewer, S Kotani, T Krizmanic, J Kroeger, W Kuss, M Lauben, D Linder, T Lovellette, M Lumb, N Manildi, J Michelson, P Mizushima, H Moiseev, A Nolan, PL Ogata, S Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paliaga, G Phlips, BF Ritz, S Rochester, LS Roterman, FM Rowe, WA Russell, JJ Schaefer, R Schalk, T Sheppard, D Singh, S Sjogren, M Spandre, G Usher, T Valtersson, P Waite, AP Wallace, J Webster, A Wood, D AF Thompson, DJ Godfrey, G Williams, SM Grove, JE Mizuno, T Sadrozinski, HFW Kamae, T Ampe, J Briber, S Dann, J Silva, JDEDE Dubois, R Fukazawa, Y Giebels, B Haller, G Handa, T Hartman, RC Hirano, K Hirayama, M Johnson, RP Johnson, WN Kavelaars, A Kelly, H Kliewer, S Kotani, T Krizmanic, J Kroeger, W Kuss, M Lauben, D Linder, T Lovellette, M Lumb, N Manildi, J Michelson, P Mizushima, H Moiseev, A Nolan, PL Ogata, S Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paliaga, G Phlips, BF Ritz, S Rochester, LS Roterman, FM Rowe, WA Russell, JJ Schaefer, R Schalk, T Sheppard, D Singh, S Sjogren, M Spandre, G Usher, T Valtersson, P Waite, AP Wallace, J Webster, A Wood, D CA GLAST Large Area Telescope Collabo TI Gamma-ray large-area space telescope (GLAST) balloon flight engineering model: Overview SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE gamma rays; instrumentation; telescopes ID BEAM TEST AB The Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) Large Area Telescope (LAT) is a pair-production high-energy (>20 MeV) gamma-ray telescope being built by an international partnership of astrophysicists and particle physicists for a satellite launch in 2006, designed to study a wide variety of high-energy astrophysical phenomena. As part of the development effort, the collaboration has built, a balloon flight engineering model (BFEM) for flight on a high-altitude scientific balloon. The BFEM is approximately the size of one of the 16 GLAST-LAT towers and contains all the components of the full instrument: plastic scintillator anticoincidence system (ACD), high-Z foil/Si strip pair-conversion tracker (TKR), CsI hodoscopic calorimeter (CAL), triggering and data acquisition electronics (DAQ), commanding system, power distribution, telemetry, real-time data display, and ground data processing system. The principal goal of the balloon flight was to demonstrate the performance of this instrument configuration under conditions similar to those expected in orbit. Results from a balloon flight from Palestine, TX, on August 4, 2001, show that the BFEM successfully obtained gamma-ray data in this high-background environment. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. USN, Res Lab & Praxis, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Independence HS, San Jose, CA 95133 USA. St Ignatius HS, San Francisco, CA 94116 USA. Paso Robles HS, Paso Robles, CA 93446 USA. INFN, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Watsonville HS, Watsonville, CA 95076 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Royal Inst Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Thompson, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Schaefer, Robert/C-2119-2016 OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Schaefer, Robert/0000-0003-3692-0223 NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1898 EP 1903 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801548 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100055 ER PT J AU Burnett, TH Chekhtman, A Silva, EDE Dubois, R Flath, D Gable, I Grove, JE Hartman, RC Kamae, T Kavelaars, A Kelly, H Kotani, T Kuss, M Lauben, D Lindner, T Lumb, N Mizuno, T Moiseev, A Ozaki, M Rochester, LS Schaefer, R Spandre, G Thompson, DJ Usher, T Young, K AF Burnett, TH Chekhtman, A Silva, EDE Dubois, R Flath, D Gable, I Grove, JE Hartman, RC Kamae, T Kavelaars, A Kelly, H Kotani, T Kuss, M Lauben, D Lindner, T Lumb, N Mizuno, T Moiseev, A Ozaki, M Rochester, LS Schaefer, R Spandre, G Thompson, DJ Usher, T Young, K CA GLAST Large Area Telescope Collabo TI Gamma-ray large-area space telescope (GLAST) balloon flight data handling overview SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE astronomical satellites; balloons; data handling; data processing; gamma-ray astronomy detectors; GLAST; software AB The gamma-ray large-area space telescope (GLAST) balloon flight engineering model (BFEM) represents one of 16 towers that constitute the large area telescope (LAT), a high-energy (> 20 MeV) gamma-ray pair-production telescope being built by an international partnership of astrophysicists and particle physicists for a satellite launch in 2006. The prototype tower consists of a Pb/Si pair-conversion tracker (TKR), a CsI hodoscopic calorimeter (CAL), an anticoincidence detector (ACD), and an autonomous data acquisition (DAQ) system. The self-triggering capabilities and performance of the detector elements have been previously characterized using positron, photon and hadron beams. External target scintillators were placed above the instrument to act as sources of hadronic showers. This paper provides a comprehensive description of the BFEM data-reduction process, from receipt of the flight data from telemetry through event reconstruction and background rejection cuts. The goals of the ground analysis presented here are to verify the functioning of the instrument and to validate the reconstruction software and the background-rejection scheme. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Lyon 1, IPNL, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398511, Japan. Inst Space & Aeronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RP Burnett, TH (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Schaefer, Robert/C-2119-2016 OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Schaefer, Robert/0000-0003-3692-0223 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1904 EP 1908 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801536 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100056 ER PT J AU Bowen, L Aldridge, BM Gulland, F Woo, J Van Bonn, W DeLong, R Stott, JL Johnson, ML AF Bowen, L Aldridge, BM Gulland, F Woo, J Van Bonn, W DeLong, R Stott, JL Johnson, ML TI Molecular characterization of expressed DQA and DQB genes in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE Mhc; comparative immunology; veterinary immunology; California sea lion ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; BELUGA DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; CLASS-II LOCI; ALLELIC VARIATION; HLA SYSTEM; DRB GENES; NATURAL-SELECTION; MASS MORTALITY; ELEPHANT SEAL; MONK SEAL AB To date, there are no published MHC sequences from the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus), a thriving species that, by feeding high on the marine food web, could be a sentinel for disturbances in marine and coastal ecosystems. In this study, degenerate primers and RACE technology were used to amplify near-full-length (MhcZaca-DQB) and full-length (MhcZaca-DQA) expressed class II MHC gene products from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two California sea lions in rehabilitation. Five unique Zaca-DQA sequences and eight unique Zaca-DQB sequences, all encoding functional proteins, were identified in the two animals, indicating the presence of multiple DQ-loci in this species. An additional three Zaca-DQB sequences containing features compatible with pseudogenes or null alleles were also identified. Despite the identification of multiple DQA and DQB sequences, the degree of heterogeneity between them was extremely low. To confirm the limited degree of Zaca-DQ nucleotide variation between individuals, we used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to examine putative peptide binding region sequences from the peripheral blood leukocyte-derived RNAs of 19 wild-caught California sea lions from physically distinct populations. The pattern of Zaca-DQ sequence migration was identical between individuals and independent of geographical region. This apparent Zaca-DQ sequence identity between sea lions was confirmed by direct sequencing of individual bands. In combination, these findings raise important questions regarding immunogenetic diversity within this thriving species, and should prompt further research into the existence of a highly polymorphic sea lion class II MHC molecule with sequence features that support traditional peptide binding functions. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Lab Marine Mammal Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. GGNRA, Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA USA. USN, Marine Mammal Program, SPAWARSYSCEN, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, NMFS, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Lab Marine Mammal Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bmaldridge@ucdavis.edu OI Van Bonn, William/0000-0001-5309-3595 NR 70 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 EI 1432-1211 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD AUG PY 2002 VL 54 IS 5 BP 332 EP 347 DI 10.1007/s00251-002-0472-6 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 591CN UT WOS:000177862300006 PM 12185537 ER PT J AU Rogers, WO Weiss, WR Kumar, A Aguiar, JC Tine, JA Gwadz, R Harre, JG Gowda, K Rathore, D Kumar, S Hoffman, SL AF Rogers, WO Weiss, WR Kumar, A Aguiar, JC Tine, JA Gwadz, R Harre, JG Gowda, K Rathore, D Kumar, S Hoffman, SL TI Protection of rhesus Macaques against lethal plasmodium knowlesi malaria by a heterologous DNA priming and poxvirus boosting immunization regimen SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID VACCINIA VIRUS; DENDRITIC CELLS; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; PLASMID DNA; ANTIGEN; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNITY; ANTIBODY AB We tested a cytokine-enhanced, multiantigen, DNA priming and poxvirus boosting vaccine regimen for prevention of malaria in the Plasmodium knowlesi-rhesus macaque model system. Animals were primed with a mixture of DNA plasmids encoding two preerythrocytic-stage proteins and two erythrocytic-stage proteins from P. knowlesi and combinations of the cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-4, and tumor necrosis factor alpha and were boosted with a mixture of four recombinant, attenuated vaccinia virus strains encoding the four P. knowlesi antigens. Two weeks after boosting, the geometric mean immunofluorescence titers in the immunized groups against sporozoites and infected erythrocytes ranged from 160 to 8,096 and from 1,810 to 5,120, respectively. The geometric mean anti-P. knowlesi circumsporozoite protein (PkCSP) titers ranged from 1,761 to 24,242. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the immunized monkeys produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in response to incubation with pooled peptides from the PkCSP at frequencies of 10 to 571 spot-forming cells/10(6) PBMC. Following challenge with 100 infectious P. knowlesi sporozoites, 2 of 11 immunized monkeys were sterilely protected, and 7 of the 9 infected monkeys resolved their parasitemias spontaneously. In contrast, all four controls became infected and required treatment for overwhelming parasitemia. Early protection was strongly associated with IFN-gamma responses against a pool of peptides from the preerythrocytic-stage antigen, PkCSP. These findings demonstrate that a multistage, multiantigen, DNA priming and poxvirus boosting vaccine regimen can protect nonhuman primates from an otherwise lethal malaria sporozoite challenge. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Vet Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Virogenet Corp, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USN, Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Rogers, WO (reprint author), US Dept State, Naval Med Res Unit 3, 2020 Accra Pl, Washington, DC 20521 USA. NR 31 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 70 IS 8 BP 4329 EP 4335 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.8.4329-4335.2002 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 574VC UT WOS:000176909400040 PM 12117942 ER PT J AU Depaquit, J Ferte, H Leger, N Lefranc, F Alves-Pires, C Hanafi, H Maroli, M Morillas-Marquez, F Rioux, JA Svobodova, M Volf, P AF Depaquit, J Ferte, H Leger, N Lefranc, F Alves-Pires, C Hanafi, H Maroli, M Morillas-Marquez, F Rioux, JA Svobodova, M Volf, P TI ITS 2 sequences heterogeneity in Phlebotomus sergenti and Phlebotomus similis (Diptera, Psychodidae): possible consequences in their ability to transmit Leishmania tropica SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phlebotomus sergenti; Phlebotomus similis; internal transcribed spacer 2; rDNA; vector; Leishmania; biogeography ID ANTHROPONOTIC CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; ITS2 RDNA SEQUENCES; RIBOSOMAL DNA; SANDFLIES; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIATION; CULICIDAE; VECTORS; POLYMORPHISM; AFGHANISTAN AB An intraspecific study on Phlebotomus sergenti, the main and only proven vector of Leishmania tropica among the members of the subgenus Paraphlebotomus was performed. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences of 12 populations from 10 countries (Cyprus, Egypt, Italy, Lebanon, Morocco, Pakistan, Portugal, Spain, Syria, and Turkey) were compared. Samples also included three species closely related to P. sergenti: Phlebotomus similis (three populations from Greece and Malta), Phlebotomus jacusieli and Phlebotomus kazeruni. Our results confirm the validity of the taxa morphologically characterised, and imply the revision of their distribution areas, which are explained through biogeographical events. At the Miocene time, a migration route, north of the Paratethys sea would have been followed by P. similis to colonise the north of the Caucasus, Crimea, Balkans including Greece and its islands, and western Turkey. Phlebotomus sergenti would have followed an Asiatic dispersion as well as a western migration route south of the Tethys sea to colonise North Africa and western Europe. This hypothesis seems to be well supported by high degree of variation observed in the present study, which is not related to colonisation or to intra-populational variation. Two groups can be individualised, one oriental and one western in connection with ecology, host preferences and distribution of L. tropica. We hypothesise that they could be correlated with differences in vectorial capacities. (C) 2002 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Fac Pharm Reims, Parasitol Lab, F-51096 Reims, France. Inst Higiene & Med Trop, Lisbon, Portugal. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Ist Super Sanita, Parasitol Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Fac Farm, Dept Parasitol, Granada, Spain. Inst Bot, Montpellier, France. Charles Univ, Parasitol Lab, Prague, Czech Republic. RP Depaquit, J (reprint author), Fac Pharm Reims, Parasitol Lab, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, F-51096 Reims, France. RI Volf, Petr/C-4300-2012; Pires, Carlos /I-7095-2012; Svobodova, Milena/E-1355-2011 OI Volf, Petr/0000-0003-1790-1123; NR 37 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 32 IS 9 BP 1123 EP 1131 AR PII S0020-7519(02)00088-7 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(02)00088-7 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 583NU UT WOS:000177414600006 PM 12117495 ER PT J AU Bollt, EM Klebanoff, A AF Bollt, EM Klebanoff, A TI A new and simple chaos toy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Article DE Melnikov function; chaos; KAM; Hamiltonian AB We present two new, and perhaps the simplest yet, mechanical chaos demonstrations. They are both designed based on a recipe of competing nonlinear oscillations. One of these devices is simple enough that using the provided description, it can be built using a bicycle wheel, a piece of wood routed with an elliptical track, and a ball bearing. We provide a thorough Lagrangian mechanics based derivation of equations of motion, and a proof of chaos based on showing the existence of an embedded Smale horseshoe using Melnikov's method. We conclude with discussion of a future application. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Dept Math, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. RP Bollt, EM (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD AUG PY 2002 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1843 EP 1857 DI 10.1142/S0218127402005480 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 599XX UT WOS:000178361400011 ER PT J AU Anderson, KL Merwin, LH Wilson, WS Facelli, JC AF Anderson, Karen L. Merwin, Lawrence H. Wilson, William S. Facelli, Julio C. TI N-15 Chemical Shifts in Energetic Materials: CP/MAS and ab Initio Studies of Aminonitropyridines, Aminonitropyrimidines, and Their N-Oxides SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen-15 solid state NMR; Nitrogen-15 chemical shielding calculations; Aminonitropyridines; Aminonitropyrimidines; Intermolecular effects AB Solid state N-15 NMR chemical shift measurements have been performed on a series of nitro-and amino-substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycles that are of interest as potential new insensitive explosives. Due to low solubilities, many of these compounds are not amenable to study by solution state methods. Theoretical calculations of N-15 chemical shift parameters have been performed on the structures of interest and are reported herein. The calculated and experimental values are in good agreement. The use of a model that includes intermolecular effects and allows the proton positions of the nearest neighbors to be optimized leads to the best agreement between calculated and experimental values. The theoretical models accurately predict the effects of nitro and amino substituents on ring-nitrogen chemical shifts, explaining a seeming reversal in trend that is noted in the pyridine and pyridine-1-oxide chemical shifts of the highly substituted compounds. C1 [Anderson, Karen L.; Merwin, Lawrence H.; Wilson, William S.] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Facelli, Julio C.] Univ Utah, Ctr High Performance Comp, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Anderson, KL (reprint author), ATK Thiokol Prop, POB 707,M-S 245C, Brigham City, UT 84302 USA. EM KarenL.Anderson@atk.com; facelli@chpc.utah.edu OI facelli, julio/0000-0003-1449-477X FU American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE); Office of Naval Research, Mechanics Division FX Computer time for this project was provided by the Center for High Performance Computing at the University of Utah and the Maui High Performance Computing Center, Kihei, Maui, Hawaii. The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Richard Gilardi, Naval Research Laboratory, for providing X-ray data on the pyrimidine heterocycles. KLA is grateful for the support of an American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) postdoctoral fellowship. LHM and WSW thank the Office of Naval Research, Mechanics Division for financial support. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-0067 J9 INT J MOL SCI JI Int. J. Mol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 3 IS 8 BP 858 EP 872 DI 10.3390/i3080858 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA V33IA UT WOS:000209011300002 ER PT J AU Sikora, TD Halverson, DM AF Sikora, TD Halverson, DM TI Multiyear observations of cloud lines associated with the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Satellite and corresponding near-surface in situ observations have been made of single- and dual-band cloud events [dubbed anomalous cloud lines (ACLs)] associated with the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays. A previous study developed the basis for two hypotheses concerning the mechanism responsible for ACLs. One explanation is that ACLs are forced in the same manner as Great Lakes lake-effect midlake cloud lines. An alternate explanation is that at least some ACLs are a special type of ship track that forms in statically unstable marine boundary layers. The time period examined in the current research is January 1997-December 2000. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer imagery served as the satellite dataset, and NOAA buoy 44009 and Coastal-Marine Automated Network station CHLV2 provided the in situ data. The findings from the satellite portion of this research show that ACLs associated with both the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays were observed on roughly 3% of the days examined and were more frequent during the onset of the cold season. The data also show that single- band ACLs were, in general, more frequent than dual-band ACLs. For the near-surface in situ portion of this research, the average ACL for both bays was associated with a negative air-sea temperature difference and a larger downbay wind component than cross-bay wind component. On a month-by-month basis, ACLs for both bays tended to be associated with abnormally large downbay wind speeds and negative air-sea temperature differences in comparison with the corresponding weighted monthly norms. C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sikora, TD (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 41 IS 8 BP 825 EP 831 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0825:MOOCLA>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 578KD UT WOS:000177115600001 ER PT J AU Giuliani, JL Petrov, GM Dasgupta, A AF Giuliani, JL Petrov, GM Dasgupta, A TI Electron energy deposition in an electron-beam pumped KrF amplifier: Impact of the gas composition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID KRYPTON FLUORIDE LASER; CROSS-SECTIONS; PLASMA AB Calculations for electron deposition in electron beam generated KrF laser at atmospheric pressure have been performed. The impact of the Ar/Kr/F-2 gas mixture on the electron energy distribution function, electron density, and mean energy, energy per electron-ion pair, attachment, dissociation, excitation, and ionization rates have been investigated. The F-2 abundance controls the low energy (less than or similar to9 eV) component of the distribution function, while both the fluorine and krypton mole fraction affect the distribution in the midenergy domain (9 to similar to25 eV). Consequently, the F-2 attachment rate coefficient varies with the F-2 mole fraction (x(F2)) such that the electron density scales as 1/x(F2)(0.7). The rate coefficient for direct dissociation of F-2 is smaller than for attachment but the former contributes more to the total power dissipation (similar to8% at x(F2)=0.01). The excitation-to-ionization ratio for Kr is not constant, as generally assumed, but increases by a factor of two with a decrease in either the Kr or F-2 abundance. Combining the former and present investigations leads to a set of fitting formulas to be used in beam kinetics codes for various collision rates as a function of both the electron beam power density and the composition. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. RP Giuliani, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 3 BP 1200 EP 1206 DI 10.1063/1.1491592 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 574UJ UT WOS:000176907700005 ER PT J AU Chang, W Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM Horwitz, JS Sengupta, L AF Chang, W Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM Horwitz, JS Sengupta, L TI Strain-relieved Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films for tunable microwave applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PULSED LASER DEPOSITION; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; FERROELECTRICS; CAPACITORS; DEVICES AB This article discusses tunable dielectric thin films, with particularly emphasis on strain-relieved and defect-reduced tunable dielectric thin films that significantly reduce dielectric loss at microwave frequencies. Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) thin films (similar to0.3 mum thick) were deposited onto (100) MgO single crystalline substrates by pulsed laser deposition at 750 degreesC and 200 mTorr O-2 with a nominal 600-A-thick BST buffer layer. These films were observed to be strain relieved and show better dielectric properties by exhibiting a significantly high dielectric Q(=1/tan delta>100) while retaining a useful dielectric tuning (=[C(0)-C(23 V/mum)]/C(0)>20%, where C is the film capacitance) at 8 GHz compared to strained BST thin films. The BST buffer layer could be composed of any porous BST phase with randomly oriented grains between a nearly amorphous phase and a fully crystalline phase. A further increase in the dielectric Q was observed in strain-relieved BST thin films mixed with MgO and strain-relieved BST thin films doped with W. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Paratek Microwave Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. RP Chang, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 3 BP 1528 EP 1535 DI 10.1063/1.1491996 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 574UJ UT WOS:000176907700058 ER PT J AU Firebaugh, SL Jensen, KF Schmidt, MA AF Firebaugh, SL Jensen, KF Schmidt, MA TI Miniaturization and integration of photoacoustic detection SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-ANALYSIS; SPECTROSCOPY; SILICON; SENSORS; CELL AB Photoacoustic spectroscopy is an absorption spectroscopy technique that is currently used for low-level gas detection and catalyst characterization. It is a promising technique for chemical analysis in mesoscale analysis systems because the detection limit scales favorably with miniaturization. This work focuses on the scaling properties of photoacoustic spectroscopy, and on the miniaturization of gas-phase photoacoustic detection of propane in a nitrogen ambient. The detection system is modeled with a transmission line analogy, which is verified experimentally. The model includes the effects of acoustic leaks and absorption saturation. These two phenomena degrade the performance of the photoacoustic detector and must be controlled to realize the scaling advantages of photoacoustic systems. The miniature brass cells used to verify the model employ hearing aid microphones and optical excitation from a mechanically chopped, 3.39 mum He-Ne laser, transmitted into the cells with an optical fiber. These cells are able to detect 10 ppm of propane in nitrogen (a signal level of similar to1 Pa/W). We also describe the development of a miniaturized photoacoustic system formed by microfabrication. In this case, the pressure-driven deflection of the detection membrane is measured optically. These systems show that photoacoustic detection may be inappropriate for systems with large variations in gas concentration because of absorption saturation and changing gas acoustic properties. Nevertheless, photoacoustic spectroscopy is a promising technique for the analysis of dilute mixtures in miniature chemical systems. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Firebaugh, SL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Jensen, Klavs/F-2462-2012 OI Jensen, Klavs/0000-0001-7192-580X NR 29 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 3 BP 1555 EP 1563 DI 10.1063/1.1489493 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 574UJ UT WOS:000176907700062 ER PT J AU Makinen, AJ Hill, IG Kafafi, ZH AF Makinen, AJ Hill, IG Kafafi, ZH TI Vacuum level alignment in organic guest-host systems SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; INVERSE-PHOTOEMISSION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; HOLE TRANSPORT; DEVICES; ENERGY; EFFICIENCY; INTERFACE; PHTHALOCYANINE; SEMICONDUCTOR AB Using a combination of ultraviolet and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, we have studied the relative energy level alignment of two phosphorescent guest molecules, 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine platinum (PtOEP) and tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium (Ir(ppy)(3)), doped in an electron transport host, tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (III) (Alq(3)), and in a hole transport host, 4,4(')-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl. In each of the guest-host systems, we find that the vacuum levels of the guest and the host molecules align, and that the position of the highest occupied molecular orbital of the phosphorescent guest is independent of the guest molecule concentration (0.8%-56% by mass). The vacuum level alignment implies free movement of the Fermi level within the gaps of the guest and the host molecules manifesting the intrinsic nature of these organic semiconductors. These results give insights into the role that the phosphorescent molecules play in trapping and transporting charges within the emissive layer of an organic light-emitting device. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Makinen, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 3 BP 1598 EP 1603 DI 10.1063/1.1487917 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 574UJ UT WOS:000176907700068 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA AF Bernhardt, PA TI The modulation of sporadic-E layers by Kelvin-Helmholtz billows in the neutral atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Equatorial Aeronomy (ISEA) CY MAY 17-24, 2000 CL ANTALYA, TURKEY SP USAF Off Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron, USN Res Lab, US Natl Sci Fdn, USN Off Res, Sci Comm Solar Terrestrial Phys, Int Union Radio Sci DE quasi-periodic echoes; Kelvin-Helmholtz irregularity; sporadic-E layers ID STRATIFIED COMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; FIELD-ALIGNED IRREGULARITIES; INCOHERENT-SCATTER RADAR; E-REGION; SEEK CAMPAIGN; MID-LATITUDE; FINITE-AMPLITUDE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; VHF RADAR; ECHOES AB Modulation of electron densities in ion layers between 90 and 150 km altitude has been observed using a number of ionospheric diagnostic measurements including scatter of VHF radar waves, artificially pumped optical emissions, scintillations of satellite beacon transmissions. Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) turbulence driven by a sheared wind profile is a strong candidate for the source of these modulations. A two-dimensional numerical model is used to calculate the nonlinear evolution of ion layers in ionosphere near 100 and 120 km altitude in response to neutral turbulence driven by a wind shear. The amplitude of a K-H billow is allowed to grow as a linear perturbation on the neutral atmosphere to a level that is 10% of the wind shear. The time dependent model of the ionosphere responds to neutral wind perturbation initially by imposing a quasi-sinusoidal modulation near the altitude of the ion layer. This is followed by compression of the initially stratified layer into structures with the wavelength of the K-H instability. These structures are uniform strips in the meridian perpendicular to the direction of the zonal wind. Near 120 km, where the ion gyro frequency (omega(i)) is about equal to the ion collision frequency (vi), the equilibrium solutions are clumps at the altitude of the shear. Near 100 km, two stable, rippled layers are produced with a separation of about 1 km. The amplitudes of the density modulations in the ion layers vary by as much as 500% throughout the simulation. The simulations illustrate the complex evolution of the ion layer structures from small-amplitude, K-H wind turbulence. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6794,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 46 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD AUG-SEP PY 2002 VL 64 IS 12-14 BP 1487 EP 1504 AR PII S1364-6826(02)00086-X DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00086-X PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 589EN UT WOS:000177745800021 ER PT J AU Kamalabadi, F Bust, G Dymond, K Gonzalez, S Bernhardt, P Chakrabarti, S Cotton, D Stephan, A McCoy, R Budzien, S Thonnard, S AF Kamalabadi, F Bust, G Dymond, K Gonzalez, S Bernhardt, P Chakrabarti, S Cotton, D Stephan, A McCoy, R Budzien, S Thonnard, S TI Tomographic studies of aeronomic phenomena using radio and UV techniques SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Equatorial Aeronomy (ISEA) CY MAY 17-24, 2000 CL ANTALYA, TURKEY SP USAF Off Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron, USN Res Lab, US Natl Sci Fdn, USN Off Res, Sci Comm Solar Terrestrial Phys, Int Union Radio Sci DE ionospheric imaging; tomography; ultraviolet remote sensing ID IONOSPHERIC TOMOGRAPHY; ELECTRON-DENSITY; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; RECONSTRUCTION; RECOMBINATION; NIGHTGLOW AB Tomographic characterization of ionospheric and thermospheric structures using integrated line-of-sight measurements provides a unifying paradigm for the investigation of various aeronomic phenomena. In radio tomography, measurements of the total electron content (TEC) obtained using a chain of ground receivers and a transit satellite are inverted to reconstruct a two-dimensional electron density profile. Similarly, prominent optically thin UV emissions, such as 911 and 1356 A produced by radiative recombination of O+, provide the means to obtain F-region electron densities from space-based spectroscopic measurements. The existence of a number of UV sensors in orbit and in planning stage provide the means to carry out such tomographic remote sensing investigations on global scales. The inherent non-ideal acquisition geometry of such remote sensing observations, however, results in limited-angle tomographic inverse problems that are both ill-posed and ill-conditioned. Furthermore, the intrinsic presence of noise, especially in the case of UV measurements, imposes challenges on conventional reconstruction methods. To overcome these limitations, we approach the solution of these inverse problems from a regularization standpoint. In particular, we apply regularization by incorporating appropriate edge-preserving regularizing functionals that enforce piecewise smoothness of the solution. This paper describes these techniques, investigates associated inversion issues, and demonstrates their applicability through a case study. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Texas, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78758 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NAIC, Aercibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Kamalabadi, F (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Gonzalez, Sixto/G-1982-2011; OI Gonzalez, Sixto/0000-0001-5544-1426; Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD AUG-SEP PY 2002 VL 64 IS 12-14 BP 1573 EP 1580 AR PII S1364-6826(02)00096-2 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00096-2 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 589EN UT WOS:000177745800030 ER PT J AU Hensel-Bielowka, S Ziolo, J Paluch, M Roland, CM AF Hensel-Bielowka, S Ziolo, J Paluch, M Roland, CM TI The effect of pressure on the structural and secondary relaxations in 1,1 '-bis (p-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexane SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FRAGILE GLASS FORMERS; SLOW BETA-PROCESS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PHOTON-CORRELATION; ORTHO-TERPHENYL; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; FORMING LIQUIDS; VISCOUS LIQUIDS AB The dielectric spectrum of the organic glass former 1,1'-bis (p-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexane was measured over a range of temperatures and pressures, corresponding to a variation of the structural relaxation time, tau(alpha), by 8 decades. The temperature dependence of tau(alpha) corresponded to a fragility equal to 72, which is consistent with the correlation of same with the shape (breadth) of the relaxation function. The dependence on pressure of tau(alpha) could be described as a simple activated process, with a pressure-independent activation volume equal to similar to230 cm(3)/mol, varying inversely with temperature. The pressure coefficient of the glass temperature, T-g, was 240 K/GPa. At frequencies beyond the structural relaxation peak, there is a second, thermally activated process, having an activation energy=74.2 kJ/mol. The relaxation times for this process were invariant to pressure. Extrapolation of these relaxation times (measured below the T-g) intersects the ambient pressure structural relaxation data at a temperature, T-beta=268 K. This is about equal to the temperature, T-B, at which the structural relaxation times deviated from a single Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman curve. In this respect, the secondary process exhibits the properties of a Johari-Goldstein relaxation. However, since T-beta varies with pressure, it remains to be seen whether its equivalence to T-B is maintained at elevated pressure. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hensel-Bielowka, S (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. NR 59 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 5 BP 2317 EP 2323 DI 10.1063/1.1488593 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 574DY UT WOS:000176874200048 ER PT J AU Amin, A AF Amin, A TI The role of connectivity in thermal imaging SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS LA English DT Article DE infrared imaging; dielectric bolometer; thermal imaging ID ELECTROCERAMICS AB This paper demonstrates the role of connectivity, a concept originally developed by Newnham two decades ago, in improving image quality of infrared (IR) imaging systems by enhancing the thermal modulation transfer function (MTF). IR imaging in the medium wavelength range (7.5 to 14 mum), corresponding to the thermal black body maximum near room temperature and to the atmospheric window, is desirable for a wide range of applications. Night vision, target recognition, reconnaissance, driving aids, and navigation in foggy and poor visibility weather are among the applications of this technology. 1:3 arrays fabricated from ceramic barium strontium titanate (BST) have made it possible to produce compact, low-cost, uncooled infrared cameras that are capable of delivering television quality images. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Amin, A (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-3449 J9 J ELECTROCERAM JI J. Electroceram. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1023/A:1020595611594 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 601ER UT WOS:000178434000004 ER PT J AU Benjamin, KC AF Benjamin, KC TI Recent advances in 1-3 piezoelectric polymer composite transducer technology for AUV/UUV acoustic Imaging applications SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS LA English DT Article DE 1-3 piezocomposite; imaging arrays; conformal arrays; unmanned vehicles AB Over the past 5 years, the use of 1-3 piezoelectric polymer composite has been studied under various U. S. Navy-funded transducer research programs. As a transduction material, the 1-3 piezoelectric composite offers many advantages for autonomous undersea vehicles/unmanned undersea vehicle (AUV/UUV) imaging array construction. Broad bandwidth, high transmit/receive response, low cost of fabrication, mechanical ruggedness, and the ability to form conformal shapes make this material both a unique and intriguing medium for the sonar transducer designer. The 1-3 piezocomposite panels are comprised of several piezoceramic rods aligned vertically through the panel's thickness with each rod surrounded with a specific polymer epoxy. Volume fractions of ceramic to polymer can vary up to 50% with panel thickness ranging between fractions of a millimeter (2 to 4 MHz) to 25 millimeters (50 to 70 kHz). This article will elucidate the application of this unique material to a variety of practical transducer designs and describe some of the recent device demonstrations along with measured performance data. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Benjamin, KC (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-3449 J9 J ELECTROCERAM JI J. Electroceram. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1023/A:1020508130249 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 601ER UT WOS:000178434000009 ER PT J AU Tressler, JF Howarth, TR AF Tressler, JF Howarth, TR TI A comparison of the underwater acoustic performance of cymbal-based projectors to 1-3 piezocomposite materials SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS LA English DT Article DE piezoceramic; 1-3 piezocomposite; cymbals ID FLEXTENSIONAL TRANSDUCER; LOW-FREQUENCY AB The performance of two different 'cymbal' actuator-based underwater acoustic projector designs is compared. One projector design is a 101 mm by 101 mm Thin Panel potted in polyurethane. The other is a 152.4 mm by 76.2 mm tungsten-backed flat panel embedded in a syntactic foam frame. Both projector designs are characterized in-air and evaluated in-water. The results of the in-water studies are based on a 100 Watt power supply. Comparing to 1-3 piezocomposite materials with the same radiating area and similar thickness, these cymbal-based projectors appear to be best suited for use at frequencies below 4-5 kHz, with particular emphasis in the 1 kHz range. The cymbal-based devices described in this study are strictly prototypes and are not designed for a specific application. Nevertheless, the results indicate that if the acoustic aperture of these projectors were scaled to the appropriate dimensions, they could meet the design goals of many low frequency Navy applications where source levels >180 dB from a thin package are desired C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Sea Syst Command, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Tressler, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-3449 J9 J ELECTROCERAM JI J. Electroceram. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 175 EP 186 DI 10.1023/A:1020564215228 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 601ER UT WOS:000178434000012 ER PT J AU Cerza, M Adams, JC Ireland, PT Oswald, J AF Cerza, M Adams, JC Ireland, PT Oswald, J TI Photographs on the effect of perforations on the heat transfer due to laminar flow over an extended surface SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Heat Transfer Photogallery CY 2001 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP K 22 Heat Transfer Visualizat Comm AB In the past it has not been resolved as to whether perforated surfaces on a fin enhance heat transfer. In this photographic study which utilizes liquid crystal thermography, the evidence suggests that there is an increase in the local heat transfer coefficient in the vicinity of the downstream side of the perforations. The perforations appear to partially disrupt the thermal boundary layer and they appear to allow a partial restart of the boundary layer on the backside of the hole. For these series of photographs, a transient heating technique is employed. Helium at approximately 70degreesC is allowed to flow through 5 perspex channels separated by 1 mm thick perforated fins. The channel cross sectional areas are 33 mm high by 13.1 mm wide. The channel length is I m. The initial temperature of the channels was 24degreesC. A one degree, narrow band, liquid crystal (30degreesC colour change temperature) was painted over the black painted centre channel fin. The time history of the colour change of the painted fin was recorded on a standard CCD video camera. The peak intensity-time relationships were obtained from image processing the recorded video and the heat transfer coefficients were evaluated using a transient thin fin heat transfer model. The helium temperature was measured at 5 locations along the channel. As can be seen, there appears to be a local heat transfer enhancement near the backside of the perforations. Comparisons are made to non-perforated fins in the channel Reynolds number range of 750-2500. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England. Rolls Royce PLC, Coventry CV7 9JR, W Midlands, England. RP Cerza, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 595 EP 595 DI 10.1115/1.1502632 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 603RK UT WOS:000178573500003 ER PT J AU Miller, JAL Scurfield, BK Drga, V Galvin, SJ Whitmore, J AF Miller, JAL Scurfield, BK Drga, V Galvin, SJ Whitmore, J TI Nonparametric relationships between single-interval and two-interval forced-choice tasks in the theory of signal detectability SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDEX; AREA AB Green's relationship, A(SI) = P(C)(2I), which equates the area, A(SI), under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in the single-interval forced-choice (SIFC) task with the proportion correct, P(C)(2I), in the two-interval forced-choice (2IFC) task, is rederived using the cross-correlation functions of the SIFC evidence distributions. The relationship is generalized to include discrete random variables, unidimensional decision axes that do not need to be monotonic with likelihood ratio, and arbitrary prior and guessing probabilities. A 2IFC difference decision rule is assumed. Further nonparametric relationships, including an equality between an entropy transform of A(SI) and the 2IFC channel capacity, nonparametric bounds on the area under the 2IFC ROC curve in terms of A(SI), and methods for estimating 2IFC ROC curves based on information from the SIFC task, are developed. These relationships are investigated experimentally. Experiment I is a frequency-discrimination task where the evidence is known to be distributed as a discrete random variable. Experiment II is an amplitude-discrimination task where the theoretical evidence distributions are continuously distributed. The problem of observer inconsistency is addressed by repeating the experiments multiple times, using the same stimuli, then using group operating characteristic (GOC) analysis to remove unique noise. Results from Experiment I show excellent support for all the theoretical relationships, and results from Experiment II show partial support for the theoretical relationships. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Victoria, Wellington, New Zealand. RP Miller, JAL (reprint author), USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Box 900,Sunbas NLON, Groton, CT 06349 USA. OI Lapsley Miller, Judi/0000-0002-6020-4254 NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2496 J9 J MATH PSYCHOL JI J. Math. Psychol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 46 IS 4 BP 383 EP 417 DI 10.1006/jmps.2001.1397 PG 35 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Psychology, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Psychology GA 584QX UT WOS:000177480200001 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Smith, B Ryan, MAK Gray, GC Hooper, TI Heller, JM Dalager, NA Kang, HK Gackstetter, GD AF Smith, TC Smith, B Ryan, MAK Gray, GC Hooper, TI Heller, JM Dalager, NA Kang, HK Gackstetter, GD TI Ten years and 100,000 participants later: Occupational and other factors influencing participation in US Gulf War health registries SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE CHEMICAL-SENSITIVITY; POSTWAR HOSPITALIZATION EXPERIENCE; COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL-EVALUATION; CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; SELF-REPORTED SYMPTOMS; PERSIAN-GULF; DESERT-SHIELD; VETERANS; ILLNESSES AB For more than a decade after the Gulf War, there has been concern that wartime exposures have resulted in significant morbidity among Gulf War veterans. After the end of the war, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Department of Defense (DoD) initiated health registries to provide systematic clinical evaluations of Gulf War veterans who chose to participate. By September 1999, there were 32,8 76 participants in the DoD Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program and 70,385 participants in the VA Gulf War Registry Health Examination Program. We identified demographic and military service factors, as well as potential war-related exposures associated with subsequent registry participation after 10 years of observation. Veterans potentially exposed to oil well fire smoke, those near Khamisiyah, Reserve and National Guard, Army veterans, and veterans in the theater of operations during intense combat periods were most likely to elect to participate in a registry. These findings support the hypothesis that certain occupational factors and wartime exposures may influence subsequent health care-seeking behavior. C1 US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Deployment Environm Surveillance Program, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Environm Epidemiol Serv, Washington, DC USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 44 IS 8 BP 758 EP 768 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000026640.83602.3c PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 583AE UT WOS:000177382700011 PM 12185797 ER PT J AU Teichert, MA Stacy, AM AF Teichert, MA Stacy, AM TI Promoting understanding of chemical bonding and spontaneity through student explanation and integration of ideas SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING LA English DT Article ID KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION; SELF-EXPLANATIONS; MISCONCEPTIONS; CHEMISTRY; THERMODYNAMICS; PRECONCEPTIONS; EQUILIBRIUM; INSTRUCTION; CONCEPTIONS; INTUITIONS AB This article explores the effectiveness of intervention discussion sections for a college general chemistry course designed to apply research on student preconceptions, knowledge integration, and student explanation. Two interventions, on bond energy and spontaneity, were tested and intervention student performance was compared with that of a control group that did not use the experimental pedagogy. Results indicate that this instruction, which identifies students' initial conceptions and integrates those ideas into class discussion, leads to enhanced conceptual understanding. The intervention group outperformed the control group on a written course midterm, the thermodynamics portion of a standardized American Chemical Society examination, and an in-depth interview. In interviews, the intervention group students explained the energetics of bond breaking and formation at a more sophisticated level than did the control students. In contrast, control students were more tenuous in their thinking, tended to contradict themselves more when discussing bond energy, and harbored more misconceptions about spontaneity. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Teichert, MA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. OI Teichert, Melonie/0000-0002-9892-6631 NR 44 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0022-4308 J9 J RES SCI TEACH JI J. Res. Sci. Teach. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 39 IS 6 BP 464 EP 496 DI 10.1002/tea.10033 PG 33 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 575CM UT WOS:000176928500002 ER PT J AU Childs, JD Gantt, C Higgins, D Papazis, JA Franklin, R Metzler, T Underwood, FB AF Childs, JD Gantt, C Higgins, D Papazis, JA Franklin, R Metzler, T Underwood, FB TI The effect of repeated bouts of backward walking on physiologic efficiency SO JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE novel task; economy; motor learning; oxygen uptake ID RESPONSES; SEDENTARY; SPEEDS; WOMEN AB Previous studies have demonstrated an increased energy expenditure with novel tasks. With practice, the energy cost decreases as the body more efficiently recruits motor units. This study examined whether one becomes more efficient after repeated bouts of backward walking. The subjects were 7 healthy subjects between the ages of 23 and 49 years. A backward walking speed was calculated to elicit a (V) over dot O-2 equal to 60% of the (V) over dot O(2)max. There were 18 training sessions at the prescribed walking speed 3 d.wk(-1) for 20 min.d(-1). The backward walking speed required to elicit a fixed (V) over dot O-2 increased between weeks 4 and 6 of the training period. This finding suggests that backward walking is indeed a novel task and that motor learning occurs as a result of practice, leading to a more efficient recruitment of motor units. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Brazos Valley Rehabil Ctr, Bryan, TX 77802 USA. USN, Hosp Roosevelt Rd, Phys Therapy Dept, Ceiba, PR USA. Phys Therapy Dept, Robinson Hlth Clin, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. Univ Evansville, Dept Phys Therapy, Evansville, IN 47722 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, NCOIC, Phys Therapy Dept, Tacoma, WA USA. Univ Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722 USA. RP Childs, JD (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1064-8011 J9 J STRENGTH COND RES JI J. Strength Cond. Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 451 EP 455 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 587TA UT WOS:000177657700018 PM 12173962 ER PT J AU Smith, KB Miller, CW D'Agostino, AF Sperry, B Miller, JH Potty, GR AF Smith, KB Miller, CW D'Agostino, AF Sperry, B Miller, JH Potty, GR TI Three-dimensional propagation effects near the mid-Atlantic Bight shelf break (L) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Significant three-dimensional (3-D) environmental variability exists in the vicinity of the shelf break along the mid-Atlantic Bight. This study examines the influence of azimuthal coupling due to this variability on acoustic propagation in this region. Numerical studies employing a 3-D ray code, a hybrid ray-mode code, and a 3-D parabolic equation model are used to study the significance of azimuthal coupling on various propagation paths. These paths include up-slope, slant-slope, and cross-slope propagation. The numerical analysis suggests that, for the propagation ranges less than 60 kin examined, the influence of azimuthal coupling is negligible compared to the inherent uncertainty in the environment itself. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Smith, KB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Miller, James H./0000-0001-7156-3589 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 112 IS 2 BP 373 EP 376 DI 10.1121/1.1490559 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 582JK UT WOS:000177346900001 PM 12186016 ER PT J AU Lingevitch, JF Collins, MD Mills, MJ Evans, RB AF Lingevitch, JF Collins, MD Mills, MJ Evans, RB TI A two-way parabolic equation that accounts for multiple scattering SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION AB A two-way parabolic equation that accounts for multiple scattering is derived and tested. A range-dependent medium is divided into a sequence of range-independent regions. The field is decomposed into outgoing and incoming fields in each region. The conditions between vertical interfaces are implemented using rational approximations for the square root of an operator. Rational approximations are also used to relate fields between neighboring interfaces. An iteration scheme is used to solve for the outgoing and incoming fields at the vertical interfaces. The approach is useful for solving problems involving scattering from waveguide features and compact objects. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. RP Lingevitch, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 112 IS 2 BP 476 EP 480 DI 10.1121/1.1490364 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 582JK UT WOS:000177346900013 PM 12186028 ER PT J AU Means, SL Heitmeyer, RM AF Means, SL Heitmeyer, RM TI Surf-generated noise signatures: A comparison of plunging and spilling breakers SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOURCE LEVEL DENSITY; ZONE AB Range-time-frequency distributions of surf-generated noise were measured within the surf zone during the SandyDuck'97 experiment at Duck, NC. A 24-phone, 138-m, bottom-mounted, linear array located along a line perpendicular to the shore at a depth of 1 to 3 m recorded the surf-generated noise. Concurrent video measurements of the location, size, and time-evolution of the individual breaking waves directly above the array were made from a nearby 43-m tower. Source level spectra are obtained by using a modified fast field program,to account for water column and geoacoustic propagation from the distributed source region to an individual hydrophone. The length, location, and orientation of the leading edge of breakers are tracked in time from rectified video images. It is observed that the source levels from spilling breakers are lower (similar to5-10 dB) than those produced by plunging breakers that occurred during the same time period. Plunging breakers generated time-frequency signatures with a sharp onset while spilling breakers' signatures had a gradual low-frequency precursor. Range-time signatures of plunging breakers indicate a burst of acoustic energy while spilling breakers' signatures. depict sound being generated over a longer time period with the source region moving with the breaking surface wave. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Means, SL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 112 IS 2 BP 481 EP 488 DI 10.1121/1.1491256 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 582JK UT WOS:000177346900014 PM 12186029 ER PT J AU Ross, EV Cooke, LM Timko, AL Overstreet, KA Graham, BS Barnette, DJ AF Ross, EV Cooke, LM Timko, AL Overstreet, KA Graham, BS Barnette, DJ TI Treatment of pseudofolliculitis barbae in skin types IV, V, and VI with a long-pulsed neodymium : yttrium aluminum garnet laser SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Background: Pseudofolliculitis barbae affects a large number of individuals with coarse curly hair, and present treatment options are suboptimal. Objective. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a long-pulsed neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser in the treatment of pseudofolliculitis barbae. Methods. This was a two-phase observational study conducted at a military tertiary medical facility. The study group included 37 patients (skin types IV, V, and VI) referred from primary care physicians with a diagnosis of pseudofolliculitis barbae refractory to conservative therapy. In phase I, one treatment with a Nd:YAG laser was performed on a tattooed area of the thigh with 3 light doses. Epidermal tolerance was evaluated, and hair counts were performed 3 months after treatment for each light dose. in phase II, the highest dose tolerated by the epidermis from phase I was applied to a small submental region of skin with an adjacent site as a control. Subsequently, papule counts were performed 90 days after treatment in the laser-irradiated and control areas. Results: Phase I: When normalized for controls, there was 33%, 43%, and 40% hair reduction on the thigh for the 50, 80, and 100 J/cm(2) fluences, respectively, after 90 days. Overall, the highest doses tolerated by the epidermis were 50, 100, and 100 J/cm(2) for type VI, V, and IV skin, respectively. Phase II: Mean papule counts after 90 days were 6.95 and 1.0 for the control and treatment sites, respectively. Conclusion: Nd:YAG laser treatment may represent a safe and effective option for reducing hair and subsequent papule formation in patients with pseudofolliculitis barbae. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Dermatol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 23 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.1067/mjd.2002.124081 PG 8 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 579YJ UT WOS:000177206300012 PM 12140474 ER PT J AU Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Cole, B Pureza, P Kung, FH Aggarwal, ID AF Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Cole, B Pureza, P Kung, FH Aggarwal, ID TI Fabrication of arsenic sulfide optical fiber with low hydrogen impurities SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FIBERS; CHALCOGENIDE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Arsenic sulfide glass optical fibers typically possess extrinsic absorption bands in the infrared wavelength region associated with residual hydrogen and oxygen related impurities, despite using purified precursors. We report a purification process based on the addition of tellurium tetrachloride (TeCl4) to the glass. During melting, the chlorine from TeCl4 reacts with the hydrogen impurities to produce volatile products (e.g., HCl) that can be removed by subsequent dynamic distillation. The processing conditions have been modified accordingly to produce optical fibers with significantly reduced loss due to hydrogen sulfide impurity content (1.5 dB/m). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Keopsys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Maryland, Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Nguyen, VQ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 85 IS 8 BP 2056 EP 2058 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 582RQ UT WOS:000177365300025 ER PT J AU Villalobos, GR Bayya, SS Sanghera, JS Miklos, RE Kung, F Aggarwal, ID AF Villalobos, GR Bayya, SS Sanghera, JS Miklos, RE Kung, F Aggarwal, ID TI Protective silica coatings on zinc-sulfide-based phosphor particles SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POWDERS AB A spray drying approach was used to apply 15-nm-thick SiO2 continuous coatings onto ZnS:Ag phosphor particles. A prehydrolyzed TEOS dip coating formula was used as the SiO2 precursor. The phosphor was mixed together with the precursor then atomized without allowing gelation to occur until the droplets containing the particles were in flight. The coating gelled and dried while falling through a graded heat zone. The dried coated particles were captured in a cyclone separator and heat-treated to further densify the SiO2 coating. The coatings protected the phosphors while in service in field emission display (FED) devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Villalobos, GR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 85 IS 8 BP 2128 EP 2130 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 582RQ UT WOS:000177365300041 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, MG Carroll, WB AF Jorgensen, MG Carroll, WB TI Incidence of tooth sensitivity after home whitening treatment SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CARBAMIDE PEROXIDE; TISSUES; TEETH AB Background. A potential side effect of dentist-dispensed home tooth-whitening systems is tooth sensitivity. The authors conducted a randomized prospective double-blind study to determine the incidence of tooth sensitivity after home whitening treatment. Methods. Fifty adult subjects used a gel containing 15 percent carbamide peroxide and 0.11 percent fluoride ion; an additional 50 adult subjects used a placebo gel daily for four weeks. Each subject's plaque index score, gingival recession status, caries status, current dentifrice and smoking history were recorded at baseline. The researchers evaluated sensitivity weekly by interview for four weeks. Results. Fifty-four percent of subjects in both test and control groups reported mild sensitivity; 10 percent of test subjects and 2 percent of control subjects reported moderate sensitivity; 4 percent of test subjects and no control subjects reported severe sensitivity. Sensitivity decreased with time; by the second week, no severe sensitivity was reported, and by the fourth week, no moderate sensitivity was reported. The authors found a statistically significant positive correlation between reported sensitivity and gingival recession. They found no statistically significant correlations between sensitivity and any of the other recorded parameters. Conclusions. Mild tooth sensitivity can be expected in approximately one-half of patients who undergo home whitening treatment using the gel studied. Approximately 10 percent of patients may experience moderate sensitivity, and 4 percent of patients may experience severe sensitivity for one to two weeks. Patients with gingival recession appear more likely to experience tooth sensitivity during home whitening treatment. Clinical Implications. Patients considering home whitening treatment should be advised that mild tooth sensitivity is a common side effect and that severe tooth sensitivity occasionally occurs. If gingival recession is present, the probability of tooth sensitivity increases and tooth sensitivity tends to decrease as treatment progresses. C1 Univ So Calif, Sch Dent, Div Primary Oral Hlth Care, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USN, Dent Corps, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. RP Jorgensen, MG (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Sch Dent, Div Primary Oral Hlth Care, 925 W 34th St, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM jorgensm@usc.edu NR 34 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 133 IS 8 BP 1076 EP 1082 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 585GA UT WOS:000177516000019 PM 12198987 ER PT J AU Lin, CL Glendening, JW AF Lin, CL Glendening, JW TI Large eddy simulation of an inhomogeneous atmospheric boundary layer under neutral conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COHERENT STRUCTURES; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; CHANNEL FLOW; TURBULENCE; MODEL; FOREST AB Flow structures in an inhomogeneous neutrally stratified atmospheric boundary layer flow, obtained from large eddy simulation, are analyzed and compared with homogeneous case counterparts. The inhomogeneity is imposed in the streamwise direction by using two different surface roughness heights z(o), each covering a streamwise distance of 4.8 km, to produce internal boundary layers. Adjustments of the mean velocity profiles are primarily confined to the lowest 140 m of the overlying boundary layer, with parcels being accelerated and decelerated over the respective smooth and rough surfaces. For large fetches downwind of the surface roughness discontinuities, the mean velocity profiles close to the surface are approximately logarithmic, but fitting to Monin-Obukhov similarity profiles using the z(o) and stress of the underlying surface requires that the von Karman constant be k = 0.4 over the smooth surface and k = 0.37 over the rough surface. Much of this difference is attributed to velocity accelerations created by locally induced pressure gradient forces within the boundary layer, requiring k to be adjusted when horizontally homogeneous similarity expressions are utilized. Quadrant analysis indicates that ejection and sweep intensities differ from those of homogeneous surface cases but the occurrence frequencies are similar. Budget analysis of momentum flux indicates that the shear production and pressure destruction terms roughly balance, which is consistent with previous homogeneous surface findings. Flow visualization and conditional sampling demonstrate that these two terms are physically associated with ejections, sweeps, and vortical structures. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Lin, CL (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RI Lin, Ching-Long/D-5488-2009 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 59 IS 16 BP 2479 EP 2497 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2479:LESOAI>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 570QV UT WOS:000176669900006 ER PT J AU Stenger-Smith, JD Webber, CK Anderson, N Chafin, AP Zong, KK Reynolds, JR AF Stenger-Smith, JD Webber, CK Anderson, N Chafin, AP Zong, KK Reynolds, JR TI Poly(3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene)-based supercapacitors using ionic liquids as supporting electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MOLTEN-SALTS; BATTERIES; CHLORIDE; POLYMERS AB A series of dual conducting polymer based type I supercapacitors were constructed using poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as electrode couples. The switching speeds and cycle lifetimes of these supercapacitors were compared using two types of supporting electrolytes; lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1-H-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (a room temperature molten salt). The results indicate that supercapacitors using 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1-H-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide as the supporting electrolyte have cycle lifetimes superior to supercapacitors using lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide as the supporting electrolyte. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Div Chem, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Ctr Macromol Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Stenger-Smith, JD (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Div Chem, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 22 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 149 IS 8 BP A973 EP A977 DI 10.1149/1.1485773 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 573DY UT WOS:000176815100004 ER PT J AU Huang, ZM Wu, F Chen, LG Wu, C Guo, FZ AF Huang, Zhuming Wu, Feng Chen, Lingen Wu, Chih Guo, Fangzhong TI Performance Optimization for an Irreversible Quantum Stirling Cooler SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Quantum Stirling cooler; finite time thermodynamics; non-equilibrium statistical mechanics; optimization AB The purpose of this paper is to study the optimal performance for an irreversible quantum Stirling cooler with heat leak and other irreversible losses. The relationship between the optimal cooling load and the coefficient of performance (COP) for the quantum Stirling cooler is derived. The maximum cooling load and the corresponding COP, as well as the maximum coefficient of performance and the corresponding cooling load are obtained. The experimental observation for the optimal region is provided. C1 [Huang, Zhuming; Wu, Feng] Wuhan Inst Chem Technol, Dept Phys & Heat Engn, Wuhan 430073, Peoples R China. [Chen, Lingen] Naval Acad Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. [Wu, Chih] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Guo, Fangzhong] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Power Engn, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. RP Huang, ZM (reprint author), Wuhan Inst Chem Technol, Dept Phys & Heat Engn, Wuhan 430073, Peoples R China. EM wufeng@mail.whict.edu.cn FU National Important Fundamental Research and Development Program Project of China [G2000026301] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Important Fundamental Research and Development Program Project of China under the Contract No. G2000026301. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1003-2169 J9 J THERM SCI JI J. Therm. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3 BP 193 EP 197 DI 10.1007/s11630-002-0054-9 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA V21SK UT WOS:000208227100001 ER PT J AU Willard, MA Johnson, F Claassen, JH Stroud, RM McHenry, ME Harris, VG AF Willard, MA Johnson, F Claassen, JH Stroud, RM McHenry, ME Harris, VG TI Soft magnetic nanocrystalline alloys for high temperature applications SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE high temperature magnets; nanocrystalline soft magnets ID AMORPHOUS ALLOY; MAGNETOSTRICTION; FERROMAGNETS; FECO AB High temperature inductor applications require improved magnet performance, including simultaneous high magnetization and low core losses at ever higher operation frequencies. Conventional polycrystalline soft magnet alloys are mature technologies with little room for meaningful improvement. Recently, nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials possessing reduced hysteretic losses and offering higher operation frequencies than conventional alloys have been introduced. These nanocrystalline soft magnets with compositions Fe-Co-Zr-B-(Cu) have been offered as alternatives to the conventional alloys. This paper describes the processing, structure, and magnetic properties of these materials. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Willard, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Code 6340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 10 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 43 IS 8 BP 2000 EP 2005 DI 10.2320/matertrans.43.2000 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 592HB UT WOS:000177930100037 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Shiflet, GJ AF Fonda, RW Shiflet, GJ TI Analysis of the Cu-3 Wt Pct Ti cellular interphase boundary by various models SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Dislocations held at the TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 11-12, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MISSOURI ID INVARIANT AB The cellular-interlamellar interface in Cu-3 wt pct Ti is modeled employing three different theoretical approaches, which are then compared to experimental observations obtained by transmission electron strain contrast and high-resolution microscopy. The simplest modeling technique used is interfacial superposition, which is shown to give useful information on the general nature of the interface. Van der Merwe's ideal interfacial-configuration model, which calculates the relative energies of different misorientations and dilatations, establishes three nearby energy minima over azimuthal rotations of less than 1 deg for a given interlamellar habit plane. This is too small a rotation to differentiate by experiment alone. From this ideal interfacial-configuration model, a different orientation relationship than previously reported in the literature is proposed that more closely represents the experimental observations when combined with O-lattice calculations, viz., (I 11), 11 (010)(beta) with [(1) over bar 01](alpha) parallel to [501](beta), where alpha is the fcc matrix, and beta is the Cu4Ti orthorhombic phase. Probable defect networks were determined by the O-lattice method for the new and previously proposed orientation relationships (ORs). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 33 IS 8 BP 2495 EP 2505 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0371-3 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 586DE UT WOS:000177568700023 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Shiflet, GJ AF Fonda, RW Shiflet, GJ TI The cellular interlamellar and growth-front interphase boundaries in Cu-3 Wt Pct Ti SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Dislocations held at the TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 11-12, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MISSOURI ID PRECIPITATION REACTION; PEARLITE; ALLOYS; TITANIUM; COPPER AB Examination of the cellular colony interlamellar and growth-front interphase boundaries in Cu-3 wt pet Ti reveals an influence of crystallography at both of these interface types. Analysis of the interlamellar boundaries demonstrates that different arrangements of interphase misfit-compensating defects exist and combinations of misfit dislocations (MDs), structural ledges (SLs), or direction steps (DSs) were observed to dominate strain reduction between lamellae, even within the same colony. Detailed analysis also demonstrated that the actual interlamellar orientation relationship (OR) is (111), parallel to (010)(beta) with [(1) over bar 01](alpha) parallel to [501](beta), which is 0.28 deg in misorientation from the reported OR. The effect of crystallography was also apparent at the cellular growth front, as evidenced by the misfit-compensating structure observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at the grain-boundary segments and the sharp faceting of all beta precipitate-growth interfaces. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 33 IS 8 BP 2507 EP 2518 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0372-2 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 586DE UT WOS:000177568700024 ER PT J AU Barker, JM Ferry, DK Goodnick, SM Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL AF Barker, JM Ferry, DK Goodnick, SM Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL TI Measurements of the velocity-field characteristic in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on New Phenomena in Mesoscipic Structures CY NOV 25-30, 2001 CL WAIKOLOA, HAWAII DE GaN; AlGaN/GaN; high field transport; velocity-field characteristic; drift velocity AB AlGaN/GaN test structures, with an etched constriction have been fabricated and tested with, and without, a gate. A pulsed voltage input with a 200 ns pulse width and a four-point measurement were used in a 50 Omega environment to determine the room temperature velocity-field characteristic of the structures. A low field mobility of 250 cm(2)/V sand an estimated electron velocity of similar to2 x 10(7) cm/s was attained at a field of 180 kV/cm. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. (C) All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Barker, JM (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 63 IS 1-3 BP 193 EP 197 AR PII S0167-9317(02)00627-5 DI 10.1016/S0167-9317(02)00627-5 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 582QZ UT WOS:000177363800034 ER PT J AU Smith, HF AF Smith, HF TI Military medicine: Establishing a more comprehensive strategy for improved worker health SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SAFETY; PERSPECTIVE; PROMOTION AB In an era of decreased resources, optimizing worker safety and health has become increasingly challenging. Data obtained from the Army and Navy Safety Centers suggest that current strategies for managing worker safety and health can be improved. In the past, work safety management practices placed sole responsibility for safety upon the worker. More recently, safety and health practices have recognized that organizational climate and structure influence worker safety and health. Furthermore, although worker safety and health, work site health promotion, and risk management efforts have been managed autonomously, all three components are interrelated and dependent on one another to achieve greater worker safety and health. The intent of this article is to increase awareness and marketing among military medicine staff members of the crucial components of an improved health and safety program. This article explains common organizational barriers to achieving worker safety and health, provides an understanding of the interconnectedness of occupational safety and health, health promotion, and risk management, and suggests strategies for optimizing worker safety and health. C1 USN Hosp, Internal Med Clin, Bremerton, WA 98312 USA. RP Smith, HF (reprint author), USN Hosp, Internal Med Clin, Boone Rd, Bremerton, WA 98312 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 167 IS 8 BP 611 EP 615 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DY UT WOS:000181421000001 PM 12188228 ER PT J AU Zurita, C Sanchez-Fernandez, C Casares, J Charles, PA Abbott, TM Hakala, P Rodriguez-Gil, P Bernabei, S Piccioni, A Guarnieri, A Bartolini, C Masetti, N Shahbaz, T Castro-Tirado, A Henden, A AF Zurita, C Sanchez-Fernandez, C Casares, J Charles, PA Abbott, TM Hakala, P Rodriguez-Gil, P Bernabei, S Piccioni, A Guarnieri, A Bartolini, C Masetti, N Shahbaz, T Castro-Tirado, A Henden, A TI The X-ray transient XTE J1859+226 in outburst and quiescence SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; binaries : close; stars : individual : XTEJ1859+226; X-rays : stars ID BINARY-SYSTEMS; LIGHT CURVES; PHOTOMETRY; NOVAE; IRRADIATION AB We present optical photometry and spectroscopy of the X-ray transient XTE J1859+226, obtained during outburst and its subsequent decay to quiescence. Both the X-ray and optical properties are very similar to those of well-studied black hole soft X-ray transients. We have detected three mini-outbursts, when XTE J1859+226 was approaching quiescence, as has been previously detected in the soft X-ray transients GRO J0422+32 and GRS 1009-45. By 2000 August 24 the system had reached quiescence with R = 22.48 +/- 0.07. The estimated distance to the source is similar to11 kpc. Photometry taken during quiescence shows a sinusoidal modulation with a peak to peak amplitude of about 0.4 mag. A period analysis suggests that periods from 0.28 to 0.47 d are equally possible at the 68 per cent confidence level. The amplitude of the quiescent light curve and the relatively low ratio of X-ray to optical flux indicate that the binary inclination should be high. The measured colours during the outburst allow us to obtain the basic properties of the disc, which agrees well with irradiated disc model predictions. C1 Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38200, Spain. INTA, LAEFF, Madrid 28080, Spain. Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Nord Opt Telescope, Santa Cruz De La Palma 38700, Spain. Univ Turku, Tuorla Observ, SF-20500 Turku, Finland. Osservatorio Astron Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Univ Bologna, Dipartmento Astron, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. CNR, Ist Tecnol & Studio Radiaz Extraterr, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Zurita, C (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38200, Spain. RI Rodriguez-Gil, Pablo/H-7709-2015; OI Rodriguez-Gil, Pablo/0000-0002-4717-5102; Castro-Tirado, A. J./0000-0003-2999-3563 NR 44 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 334 IS 4 BP 999 EP 1008 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05588.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 586NJ UT WOS:000177589800030 ER PT J AU Sides, CR Li, NC Patrissi, CJ Scrosati, B Martin, CR AF Sides, CR Li, NC Patrissi, CJ Scrosati, B Martin, CR TI Nanoscale materials for lithium-ion batteries SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE energy storage; nanofibers; rechargeable lithium batteries; template synthesis ID ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY-STORAGE; GEL TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS; HIGH-CAPACITY; INTERCALATION ELECTRODES; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; CARBON NANOTUBES; MANGANESE OXIDE; VANADIUM-OXIDE; V2O5 AEROGEL; LI AB Template synthesis is a versatile nanomaterial fabrication method used to make monodisperse nanoparticles of a variety of materials including metals, semiconductors, carbons, and polymers. We have used the template method to prepare nanostructured lithium-ion battery electrodes in which nanofibers or nanotubes of the electrode material protrude from an underlying current-collector surface like the bristles of a brush. Nanostructured electrodes of this type composed of carbon, LiMn2O4, V2O5, tin, TiO2, and TiS2 have been prepared. In all cases, the nanostructured electrode showed dramatically improved rate capabilities relative to thin-film control electrodes composed of the same material. The rate capabilities are improved because the distance that Li+ must diffuse in the solid state (the current- and power-limiting step in Li-ion battery electrodes) is significantly smaller in the nanostructured electrode. For example, in a nanofiber-based electrode, the distance that Li must diffuse is restricted to the radius of the fiber, which may be as small as 50 nm. Recent developments in template-prepared nanostructured electrodes are reviewed. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. Univ Rome, Rome, Italy. Univ Florida, Ctr Res Bio Nano Interface, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sides, CR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 49 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 11 U2 124 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 27 IS 8 BP 604 EP 607 DI 10.1557/mrs2002.195 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 585MX UT WOS:000177529500016 ER PT J AU Tender, LM Reimers, CE Stecher, HA Holmes, DE Bond, DR Lowy, DA Pilobello, K Fertig, SJ Lovley, DR AF Tender, LM Reimers, CE Stecher, HA Holmes, DE Bond, DR Lowy, DA Pilobello, K Fertig, SJ Lovley, DR TI Harnessing microbially generated power on the seafloor SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; SEDIMENT; SEAWATER AB In many marine environments, a voltage gradient exists across the water-sediment interface resulting from sedimentary microbial activity. Here we show that a fuel cell consisting of an anode embedded in marine sediment and a cathode in overlying seawater can use this voltage gradient to generate electrical power in situ. Fuel cells of this design generated sustained power in a boat basin carved into a salt marsh near Tuckerton, New Jersey, and in the Yaquina Bay Estuary near Newport, Oregon. Retrieval and analysis of the Tuckerton fuel cell indicates that power generation results from at least two anode reactions: oxidation of sediment sulfide (a by-product of microbial oxidation of sedimentary organic carbon) and oxidation of sedimentary organic carbon catalyzed by microorganisms colonizing the anode. These results demonstrate in real marine environments a new form of power generation that uses an immense, renewable energy reservoir (sedimentary organic carbon) and has near-immediate application. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Tender, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Bond, Daniel/0000-0001-8083-7107; Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 NR 27 TC 390 Z9 409 U1 9 U2 134 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 20 IS 8 BP 821 EP 825 DI 10.1038/nbt716 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 579MU UT WOS:000177182500034 PM 12091916 ER PT J AU Holley, K Muldoon, M Tasker, S AF Holley, K Muldoon, M Tasker, S TI Coccidioides immitis osteomyelitis: A case series review SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Review AB A retrospective chart review and telephone follow-up was conducted on patients who were treated for disseminated coccidioidomycosis involving bones or joints at the Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California from 1993-1999. Thirteen patients were identified, with average follow-up of 36 months. Six patients underwent surgical debridement and systemic medical therapy, and seven patients were treated medically only. All patients improved symptomatically with decreasing complement fixation titers at last follow-up. Five of the six patients treated with combined therapy are currently quiescent. Of those treated medically, four patients are quiescent; three were lost to follow-up. Coccidioidomycosis osteomyelitis remains a rare but difficult disease to treat, with a lifelong risk of recurrence. A combined medical and surgical approach has been shown to be effective, but medical therapy alone with intravenous amphotericin B followed by suppressive azole therapy may be effective in selected patients. C1 USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Orthoped Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Holley, K (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Orthoped Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD AUG PY 2002 VL 25 IS 8 BP 827 EP 831 PG 5 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 585HT UT WOS:000177519900011 PM 12195909 ER PT J AU Rajagopal, AK Rendell, RW AF Rajagopal, AK Rendell, RW TI Separability and correlations in composite states based on entropy methods SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLEMENT; QUANTUM AB This work is an enquiry into the circumstances under which entropy methods can give an answer to the questions of both quantum separability and classical correlations of a composite state. Several entropy functionals are employed to examine the entanglement and correlation properties guided by the corresponding calculations of concurrence. It is shown that the entropy difference between that of the composite and its marginal density matrices may be of arbitrary sign except under special circumstances when conditional probability can be defined appropriately. This ambiguity is a consequence of the fact that the overlap matrix elements of the eigenstates of the composite density matrix with those of its marginal density matrices also play important roles in the definitions of probabilities and the associated entropies, along with their respective eigenvalues. The general results are illustrated using pure- and mixed-state density matrices of two-qubit systems. Two classes of density matrices are found for which the conditional probability can be defined: (1) density matrices with commuting decompositions and (2) those that are decohered in the representation where the density matrices of the marginals are diagonal. The first class of states encompass those whose separability is currently understood as due to particular symmetries of the states. The second are a class of states that are expected to be useful for understanding separability. Examples of entropy functionals of these decohered states including the crucial isospectral case are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 022104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.022104 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 591HA UT WOS:000177872600012 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Leon, C AF Ngai, KL Leon, C TI Cage decay, near constant loss, and crossover to cooperative ion motion in ionic conductors: Insight from experimental data SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GLASS TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURE; COMPLETE CONDUCTIVITY SPECTRA; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; IODIDE-SILVER SELENATE; AC-CONDUCTIVITY; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LIGHT-SCATTERING; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; ELECTRICAL RELAXATION; CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES AB Experimental frequency-dependent conductivity relaxation spectra of a number of molten, glassy, and crystalline ionic conductors that show both the presence of the near constant loss (NCL) and the cooperative ion hopping contribution are analyzed. On decreasing frequency, the NCL appears first but terminates at some frequency nu(x1). At still a lower frequency nu(x2) the cooperative ion hopping dispersion takes over. The independent ion hopping frequency nu(0) of the coupling model is calculated from the parameters characterizing the cooperative ion hopping dispersion. It is found for all ionic conductors that nu(x1)>nu(0), and nu(0) always fall inside the frequency region nu(x1)>nu>nu(x2). The empirical results leads to a qualitative theory for the origin of the NCL, which gives physical meanings of the two crossover frequencies nu(x1) and nu(x2), as well as explaining the role of the independent hopping frequency nu(0), in determining them. The weak temperature dependence of the NCL has been recaptured by the qualitative theory. An improved understanding is gained of the evolution of the ion dynamics from early times when the cages decay very slowly with time, giving rise to the near constant loss, to long times when ions move cooperatively, leading finally to dc conductivity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Complutense Madrid, GFMC, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, Fac Ciencias Fis, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843 NR 59 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 064308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.064308 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591ZM UT WOS:000177911700054 ER PT J AU Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ Si, W Zeng, XH Soukiassian, A Xi, XX AF Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ Si, W Zeng, XH Soukiassian, A Xi, XX TI Phase diagrams of La2-xSrxCuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; EPITAXIAL-STRAIN; NORMAL-STATE; THIN-FILMS; CROSSOVER AB La2-xSrxCuO4, the prototypical cuprate, has two phase diagrams: one for the metal/insulator phases and another for the normal/superconductor phases. Controversies have arisen about the structure of the phase diagram as well as the physical properties of the phases themselves. We show that the former are resolved when the proper definitions for metal, insulator, and metal/insulator transition (MIT) are used. The normal-state conductivity may be understood in terms of proximity to the MIT. Furthermore, if we assume that screening is reduced as the MIT is approached, then the BCS equation for T-c may be revised to successfully predict the phase diagram for superconductivity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Osofsky, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 060501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.060501 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591ZM UT WOS:000177911700014 ER PT J AU Habasaki, J Ngai, KL Hiwatari, Y AF Habasaki, J Ngai, KL Hiwatari, Y TI Molecular dynamics study of cage decay, near constant loss, and crossover to cooperative ion hopping in lithium metasilicate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID IONICALLY CONDUCTING GLASSES; ALKALI SILICATE-GLASSES; IODIDE-SILVER SELENATE; ELECTRICAL RELAXATION; AC CONDUCTIVITY; OXIDE GLASSES; TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURE; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; ACTIVATION-ENERGIES; INTERACTING ARRAYS AB Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of lithium metasilicate (Li2SiO3) in the glassy and supercooled liquid states have been performed to illustrate the decay with time of the cages that confine individual Li+ ions before they hop out to diffuse cooperatively with each other. The self-part of the van Hove function of Li+ ions, G(s)(r,t), is used as an indicator of the cage decay. At 700 K, in the early time regime t of Li+ ions also increases very slowly with time approximately as t(0.1) and has weak temperature dependence. Such can be identified with the near constant loss (NCL) observed in the dielectric response of ionic conductors. At longer times, when the cage decays more rapidly as indicated by the increasing buildup of the intensity of G(s)(r,t) at the distance between Li+ ion sites, broadly crosses over from the NCL regime to another power law t(beta) with betaapproximate to0.64 and eventually it becomes t(1.0), corresponding to long-range diffusion. Both t(beta) and t(1.0) terms have strong temperature dependence and they are the analogs of the ac conductivity [sigma(omega)proportional toomega(1-beta)] and dc conductivity of hopping ions. The MD results in conjunction with the coupling model support the following proposed interpretation for conductivity relaxation of ionic conductors: (1) the NCL originates from very slow initial decay of the cage with time caused by few independent hops of the ions because t(x1) and are about the same for t of the fast ions increases much more rapidly for t>t(x2). The self-part of the van Hove function of Li+ reveals that first jumps for some Li+ ions, which are apparently independent free jumps, have taken place before t(x2). While after t(x2) the angle between the first jump and the next is affected by the other ions, again indicating cooperative jump motion. The dynamic properties are analogous to those found in supercooled colloidal particle suspension by confocal microscopy. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Kanazawa Univ, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. RP Tokyo Inst Technol, Nagatsuta 4259, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. RI Habasaki, Junko/B-9283-2015 OI Habasaki, Junko/0000-0002-2887-2340 NR 70 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 021205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.021205 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 593BJ UT WOS:000177971100024 PM 12241162 ER PT J AU Schwartz, IB Triandaf, I Meucci, R Carr, TW AF Schwartz, IB Triandaf, I Meucci, R Carr, TW TI Open-loop sustained chaos and control: A manifold approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT CHAOS; BI-INSTABILITY; DRIVEN LASER; MAINTENANCE; SYSTEMS; ATTRACTORS; HYSTERESIS AB We present a general method for preserving chaos in nonchaotic parameter regimes as well as preserving periodic behavior in chaotic regimes using a multifrequency phase control. The systems considered are nonlinear systems driven at a base frequency. Multifrequency phase control is defined as the addition of small subharmonic amplitude modulation coupled with a phase shift. By implementing multifrequency control, stable and unstable manifold intersections in postcrisis regimes may be manipulated to sustain chaos as well as to sustain periodic behavior. The theory and a preliminary experiment are demonstrated for a CO(2) driven laser. C1 USN, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ist Nazl Ott Applicata, I-50125 Florence, Italy. So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. RP Schwartz, IB (reprint author), USN, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 026213 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.026213 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 593BL UT WOS:000177971300052 ER PT J AU Tjaden, JA Lazarus, AA Martin, GJ AF Tjaden, JA Lazarus, AA Martin, GJ TI Bacteria as agents of biowarfare - How to proceed when the worst is suspected SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; UNITED-STATES; TULAREMIA; MANIFESTATIONS; BRUCELLOSIS; PLAGUE; CIPROFLOXACIN; DOXYCYCLINE; WARFARE AB In the fall of 200 1, letters containing anthrax spores sent to US politicians and news organizations caused panic and renewed concern about bacteriologic warfare. Anthrax is only one of many bacterial agents that, in the wrong hands, can cause large-scale illness and death. In this article, Drs Tjaden, Lazarus, and Mar tin discuss the presentation, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of anthrax, plague, tularemia, and brut cellosis, should outbreaks occur. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Div Infect Dis, Med Interna Serv, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Tjaden, JA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, Div Infect Dis, Med Interna Serv, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 112 IS 2 BP 57 EP + PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 583NJ UT WOS:000177413700006 PM 12198754 ER PT J AU Keskinen, MJ AF Keskinen, MJ TI Enhancement or suppression of irregularities in the high-latitude trough ionosphere using high-power radio waves SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE radio wave; ionosphere; trough; irregularities; instabilities ID PARAMETRIC-EXCITATION; PLASMA INSTABILITIES; STABILIZATION; FIELDS AB [1] The parametric coupling processes of a large-amplitude electromagnetic pump wave with the temperature gradient drift instability in the high-latitude trough ionosphere have been studied. The modified growth rate of the temperature gradient drift instability in the presence of a high-frequency pump wave is computed for a range of pump amplitudes. We find that ground-launched radio waves with O-mode polarization can enhance or suppress temperature gradient drift instability-driven irregularities in the high-latitude trough ionosphere. C1 USN, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keskinen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Code 6750, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 37 IS 4 AR 1065 DI 10.1029/2001RS002541 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 611MF UT WOS:000179020800003 ER PT J AU Alam, HB Stegalkina, S Rhee, P Koustova, E AF Alam, HB Stegalkina, S Rhee, P Koustova, E TI cDNA array analysis of gene expression following hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rats SO RESUSCITATION LA English DT Article DE cellular injury; functional genomics; rat; hemorrhage; resuscitative fluids; lung; liver; muscle; spleen; hypertonic saline; plasma ID ADHESION MOLECULE-1 EXPRESSION; LACTATED RINGERS SOLUTION; HYPERTONIC SALINE; NEUTROPHIL ACTIVATION; APOPTOSIS; INJURY; IMMEDIATE; TRAUMA; SWINE; MODEL AB The aim of this study was to characterize gene expression following hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation with emphasis on the differences between various resuscitation strategies. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 25: 5/group) were subjected to a three stage hemorrhage and resuscitated as follows: (1) sham hemorrhage; (2) sham resuscitation: (3) lactated Ringer's solution (LR), 3:1 volume; (4) 7.5% hypertonic saline (HTS) 9.7 ml/kg; (5) plasma. 1:1 volume. Liver, spleen, lung and muscle were collected 3 h post resuscitation and cDNA array analysis was performed on the total RNA. Results: Expression of 1176 genes was analyzed. Following resuscitation, 82 of the genes studied (711) displayed an altered expression of at least 2-fold compared to the sham hemorrhage group. Depending on organ system under study and resuscitation conditions, expression of these 82 genes was down- or up-regulated, bringing the total number of expression alterations to 167. Largest number of organ-specific changes in gene expression was noted in liver (63/167). followed by lung (57), muscle (125). and spleen (22). Most of the resuscitation strategy specific changes were caused by plasma resuscitation (68/167). followed by LR (51), and HTS (48). In every organ studied, gene expression profile was dependent upon the fluid used for resuscitation. Conclusion: Cellular response to hemorrhagic shock, even at the level of gene expression, is dependent on the resuscitation strategy. We have discovered altered expression of genes not previously implicated in the physiology of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. Gene array technology provides a rapid and efficient Means of dissecting the complex genetic regulation of cellular response to shock, (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20010 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Alam, HB (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 30 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-9572 J9 RESUSCITATION JI Resuscitation PD AUG PY 2002 VL 54 IS 2 BP 195 EP 206 AR PII S0300-9572(02)00095-3 DI 10.1016/S0300-9572(02)00095-3 PG 12 WC Critical Care Medicine; Emergency Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine; Emergency Medicine GA 589HN UT WOS:000177752900012 PM 12161300 ER PT J AU Patsourakos, S Vial, JC AF Patsourakos, S Vial, JC TI SOHO contribution to prominence science SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; CONFIGURATIONS SUPPORTING PROMINENCES; MULTILEVEL RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; HYDROGEN LYMAN LINES; TWISTED FLUX-TUBE; SOLAR PROMINENCES; QUIESCENT PROMINENCES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; FINE-STRUCTURES; H-ALPHA AB We present the main current issues concerning prominence studies. We recall the large range of plasma parameters found in prominences which makes the work of the MHD modeler more difficult. We also summarize the capabilities of the SOHO instrumentation. We present and discuss the most recent SOHO results concerning the determination of temperature, densities, and velocities. We put some emphasis on the different morphologies observed, the diagnostic capabilities of the Lyman lines profiles when accompanied by improved non-LTE modeling, and the information gathered from the first prominence oscillations measured from space. We also make an account of eruptive prominences. We finally discuss what could be done with present and future SOHO data to improve our understanding of prominences. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Patsourakos, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM patsourakos@nrl.navy.mil; vial@medoc-ias.u-psud.fr NR 119 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 208 IS 2 BP 253 EP 281 DI 10.1023/A:1020510120772 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 601YF UT WOS:000178476300004 ER PT J AU Moul, JW Wu, HY Sun, L McLeod, DG Amling, C Lance, R Kusuda, L Donahue, T Foley, J Chung, A Sexton, W Soderdahl, D Rich, NM AF Moul, JW Wu, HY Sun, L McLeod, DG Amling, C Lance, R Kusuda, L Donahue, T Foley, J Chung, A Sexton, W Soderdahl, D Rich, NM TI Epidemiology of radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer in the era of prostate-specific antigen: An overview of the Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research national database SO SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-University-Surgeons CY FEB 14-16, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII SP Soc Univ Surg ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY; TIME TRENDS; CARCINOMA; RATES; OUTCOMES AB Background. Because of public awareness and screening, the incidence of clinically localized prostate cancer has increased dramatically in the last 15 years. The Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research (CPDR) was established by the US Congress in 1991 to study prostate cancer in the US military health care system. A key component of CPDR is a multicenter prospective and retrospective prostate research database that collects comprehensive standardized data on all consenting patients. To veto and document changes in the epidemiology of men electing radical prostatectomy (RP) as primary treatment for their localized prostate cancer, we undertook an analysis of such cases when the PSA screening test became widely available and used. Methods. The CPDR database consists of standardized data collection forms for each episode of care completed prospectively, and in some cases, retrospectively, on men with prostate cancer and those undergoing a prostate biopsy for Presumed cancer at participating medical centers. In July 2001, a query of all RPs performed between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 2000, was conducted, revealing 3681 cases for analysis from 9 hospital sites. These cases were analyzed over time (calendar year), and changes in the characteristics of the patients,. disease severity, and surgical results were compared. Results. There was a significant shift to younger men undergoing RP with the median age declining to 62.3 years old by 2000, and more than 40% of the men were less than 60 years old. There was an increase in African-Americans undergoing RP and a large increase in clinical stage T1 disease candidates of both races representing 56.5% of men by 2000. There was a large increase in patients having pretreatment PSA levels between 4 and 10 ng/mL (59.2% by 2000). Retropubic approach was predominant (over 80%) and was associated with a much lower blood loss by 2000 (approximately 800 mL). There was an increase in use of nerve-sparing procedures, and operative time declined significantly to a median of 3.5 hours by 2000. Finally, there was a marked surgical stage migration with a higher proportion of men with organ-confined, disease and negative surgical margins; by 2000, 63.4% had pT2 disease. The early outcomes improved with a 1-year disease-free survival in excess of 93%. Conclusions. RP is being performed more commonly on younger men with earlier stage disease in the PSA era. The operation is now performed more rapidly with less blood loss, and the surgical pathology outcome end points and early disease-free survival are improved. These results Portend well for improved long-term outcomes of surgical therapy. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Urol, Portsmouth, VA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Urol, Bethesda, MD USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. Malcolm Grow AF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Camps Spring, MD USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Augusta, GA USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 26 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0039-6060 J9 SURGERY JI Surgery PD AUG PY 2002 VL 132 IS 2 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1067/msy.2002.125315 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 590YG UT WOS:000177851900015 PM 12219014 ER PT J AU Alam, HB Bowyer, MW Koustova, E Gushchin, V Anderson, D Stanton, K Kreishman, P Cryer, CMT Hancock, T Rhee, P AF Alam, HB Bowyer, MW Koustova, E Gushchin, V Anderson, D Stanton, K Kreishman, P Cryer, CMT Hancock, T Rhee, P TI Learning and memory is preserved after induced asanguineous hyperkalemic hypothermic arrest in a swine model of traumatic exsanguination SO SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-University-Surgeons CY FEB 14-16, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII SP Soc Univ Surg ID CIRCULATORY ARREST; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; CARDIAC-ARREST; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; PROFOUND HYPOTHERMIA; BLOOD SUBSTITUTION; DOGS; RESUSCITATION; SURVIVAL; MINUTES AB Background. Induced asanguineous hypothermic metabolic arrest (suspended animation) could provide valuable time to repair major vascular injuries if safely induced in patients with trauma. We report a novel method of doing this in a swine model of uncontrolled lethal hemorrhage (ULH) that resulted in preservation of learning ability and memory. Methods. Yorkshire swine (100 to 125 lb) underwent ULH before rapid intra-aortic infusion of a hypothermic (4degreesC), hyperkalemic (70 mEq/L) organ preservation solution by a left thoracotomy. Cooling continued until core temperature reached 10degreesC, and this was maintained for 60 minutes using low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass. Vascular injuries were repaired during this state of suspended animation, which was then reversed, and the animals were observed for 6 weeks. Cognitive functions were tested by training animals to retrieve food from color-coded boxes. Postoperatively, the ability to remember this task and a 75-point objective neurologic scale were used to test neurologic function. In experiment I, ULH was caused by lacerating thoracic aorta (n = 9). Five preoperatively untrained animals were trained to perform the task and compared with control animals (n = 15), and 4 preoperatively trained animals were tested for memory retention postoperatively. In experiment II, ULH was induced by creating an iliac artery and vein injury (n = 15). Animals were kept in shock for 15, 30, and 60 minutes before the induction of hypothermia. Results. In experiment I, surviving animals (719) were neurologically intact, and their capacity to learn new skills was no different than for control animals. All pretrained animals demonstrated complete memory retention. In experiment II, survival with 15, 30, and 60 minutes of shock were 80%, 60% and 80%, respectively. All animals (except 1) in the 60-minute group were neurologically intact and displayed normal learning capacity. Conclusions. Induction of hypothermic metabolic arrest (by thoracotomy) for repair of complex traumatic injuries is feasible with preservation of normal neurologic function, even after extended periods of shock from an intra-abdominal source of uncontrolled hemorrhage. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20010 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Alam, HB (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Room A-3021,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 25 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0039-6060 J9 SURGERY JI Surgery PD AUG PY 2002 VL 132 IS 2 BP 278 EP 288 DI 10.1067/msy.2002.125787 PG 11 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 590YG UT WOS:000177851900025 PM 12219024 ER PT J AU Prak, DJL Pritchard, PH AF Prak, DJL Pritchard, PH TI Solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures in micellar nonionic surfactant solutions SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PAHs; mixtures; surfactant; equilibrium solubilization; micelles ID WATER AB This study sought to examine the solubilization of mixtures of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in solutions of the nonionic surfactants: Tween 20, Tween 80, Triton X 100, Brij 35, and Brij 58. When pyrene (PYR), fluoranthene (FLA), and phenanthrene (PHE) were solubilized from two-PAH mixtures, the PAH concentrations and molar solubilization ratios deviated very little from those as found in the single-PAH systems. When these PAHs were solubilized from the three-PAH mixtures, however, not all three PAHs reached their single-PAH solubilities. When the PAHs were added sequentially to surfactant solution, the PAH added last reached its single-PAH solubility, while the concentration of other two PAHs were lowered by 14-45%. When the PAHs were added simultaneously to the surfactant solution, the composition of the solid phase influenced which PAH reached its single-PAH solubility. For solids containing equal mole fractions of all three PAHs, FLA and PHE dissolved in surfactant solution to a lesser extent than the single-PAH systems. In similar systems containing no surfactant, only FLA solubility decreased. As the mole fraction of a PAH in the solid phase increased, its solubility in the micelle phase (and in the aqueous phase) increased up to the solubility limit. Based on these studies, both PAH-PAH interactions and micelle-PAH interactions should be taken into account when predicting the concentrations of PAH mixtures in micellar surfactant solutions. This should be done because PAH-PAH interactions can influence aqueous solubility, while micelle-PAH interactions can affect the distribution of PAHs in the micellar phase, which may change as the mixture composition changes. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prak, DJL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Hollaway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Luning Prak, Dianne/B-8503-2011 OI Luning Prak, Dianne/0000-0002-5589-7287 NR 28 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 36 IS 14 BP 3463 EP 3472 AR PII S0043-1354(02)00070-2 DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00070-2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 590WD UT WOS:000177846300005 PM 12230191 ER PT J AU Cheung, KKW Elsberry, RL AF Cheung, KKW Elsberry, RL TI Tropical cyclone formations over the western North Pacific in the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID MODEL; STORM; CYCLOGENESIS; IMPROVEMENTS; SIMULATION; ATLANTIC; GENESIS AB A set of criteria is developed to identify tropical cyclone (TC) formations in the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) analyses and forecast fields. Then the NOGAPS forecasts of TC formations from 1997 to 1999 are verified relative to a formation time defined to be the first warning issued by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. During these three years, the spatial distributions of TC formations were strongly affected by an El Nino-Southern Oscillation event. The successful NOGAPS predictions of formation within a maximum separation threshold of 48 latitude are about 70%-80% for 24-h forecasts, and drop to about 20%-30% for 120-h forecasts. The success rate is higher for formations in the South China Sea and between 160degreesE and 180degrees but is generally lower between 120degrees and 160degreesE. The composite 850-hPa large-scale flow for the formations between 120degrees and 160degreesE is similar to a monsoon confluence region with marked cross-equatorial flow. Therefore, it is concluded that the skill of NOGAPS in predicting TC formations with a monsoon confluence region pattern is lower than for other formation patterns. The number of false alarms (FAs) in NOGAPS is also examined. All the vortices in the 24-120-h forecasts that satisfy the above-defined criteria of a TC formation are identified and then compared with the formations (or nonformations) in the verifying analyses. The number of FAs is relatively low in the 24-h forecasts, increases through the 48-h forecasts, and then is about the same in the subsequent forecast times up to 120 h. Both the longitudinal distributions of the FAs during the three years and the meridional variations of the FA locations within a season are generally similar to the observed TC formations. Several large-scale features are compared for the successful and failed predictions during the 3-yr period. In general, the failed predictions have a slightly larger westerly vertical wind shear south of the TC formation location than in the successful predictions. The predicted relative humidity of the failed predictions is lower than in the successful formation forecasts. Thus, predicting too large a vertical wind shear and too dry an environment may be partially responsible for the failed cases. To further diagnose the failed predictions, various terms contributing to the angular momentum tendency are examined. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cheung, KKW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 17 IS 4 BP 800 EP 820 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2002)017<0800:TCFOTW>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 574NY UT WOS:000176897500011 ER PT J AU Silvestre, C Pascoal, A Kaminer, I AF Silvestre, C Pascoal, A Kaminer, I TI On the design of gain-scheduled trajectory tracking controllers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article DE guidance and control; trajectory tracking; gain-scheduled control; underwater vehicles ID VEHICLES AB A new methodology is proposed for the design of trajectory tracking controllers for autonomous vehicles. The design technique builds on gain scheduling control theory. An application is made to the design of a trajectory tracking controller for a prototype autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). The effectiveness and advantages of the new control laws derived are illustrated in simulation using a full set of non-linear equations of motion of the vehicle. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Tecn Lisboa, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Inst Super Tecn, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Syst & Robot, Inst Super Tecn, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Univ Tecn Lisboa, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Inst Super Tecn, Av Rovisco Pais, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. EM cjs@isr.ist.utl.pt; antonio@isr.ist.utl.pt; kaminer@aa.nps.navy.mil RI Silvestre, Carlos/F-9189-2010; OI Silvestre, Carlos/0000-0002-5096-5527; PASCOAL, ANTONIO /0000-0002-0657-6671 NR 21 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1049-8923 EI 1099-1239 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD JUL 30 PY 2002 VL 12 IS 9 BP 797 EP 839 DI 10.1002/rnc.705 PG 43 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA 585CY UT WOS:000177506500003 ER PT J AU Uilk, J Johnston, EE Bullock, S Wynne, KJ AF Uilk, J Johnston, EE Bullock, S Wynne, KJ TI Surface characterization, microstructure, and wetting of networks from alpha,omega-dihydroxy(polydimethylsiloxane) and 1,1,2,2-tetrahydrotridecafluoro octyltriethoxysilane SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy (AFM); dynamic contact angle; fluorinated alkylsiloxane; polysifoxanes; wetting ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; POLYMER SURFACES; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; SIDE-CHAINS; COATINGS; SCIENCE; ALPHA,OMEGA-DIHYDROXYPOLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE; TENSION; RTV11 AB Full Paper: Surface-modified siloxarie networks were prepared using the dibutyltin diacetate catalyzed reaction of alpha,omega-dihydroxy(polydimethylsiloxane), HO(Me2SiO)(n)H, with tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl triethoxysilane, [CF3(CF2)(5)(CH2)(2)Si(OC2H5)(3), FTEOS]. Surface characterization of these elastomers was carried out using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surface phase separation occurs as a function of increasing ratio of FTEOS to HO(Me2SiO)(n)H. Dynamic contact angle (DCA) analysis with water as the interrogating fluid showed that water contamination affects DCA data in the compositional range 4x-8x, where "x" is the ratio of ethoxy groups from FTEOS to OH groups in HO(Me2SiO)(n)H. Diffusion of polydimethylsiloxane oil species from the coatings is blocked in compositions of 10x or greater. Chemical stability is also enhanced for 10x and 12x compositions. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wynne, KJ (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Chem Engn, 601 W Main St, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1352 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYSIC JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 29 PY 2002 VL 203 IS 10-11 BP 1506 EP 1511 DI 10.1002/1521-3935(200207)203:10/11<1506::AID-MACP1506>3.0.CO;2-V PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 585UY UT WOS:000177544000030 ER PT J AU Barahona, M Pecora, LM AF Barahona, M Pecora, LM TI Synchronization in small-world systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NETWORK MODEL; STABILITY; LATTICES AB We quantify the dynamical implications of the small-world phenomenon by considering the generic synchronization of oscillator networks of arbitrary topology. The linear stability of the synchronous state is linked to an algebraic condition of the Laplacian matrix of the network. Through numerics and analysis, we show how the addition of random shortcuts translates into improved network synchronizability. Applied to networks of low redundancy, the small-world route produces synchronizability more efficiently than standard deterministic graphs, purely random graphs, and ideal constructive schemes. However, the small-world property does not guarantee synchronizability: the synchronization threshold lies within the boundaries, but linked to the end of the small-world region. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Bioengn, London SW7 2BX, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Barahona, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Barahona, Mauricio/C-3638-2008 OI Barahona, Mauricio/0000-0002-1089-5675 NR 29 TC 901 Z9 940 U1 12 U2 84 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 29 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 5 AR 054101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.054101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 574UG UT WOS:000176907500016 PM 12144443 ER PT J AU Buttrey, SE Karo, C AF Buttrey, SE Karo, C TI Using k-nearest-neighbor classification in the leaves of a tree SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE nearest neighbors; classification; hybrid classifiers AB We construct a hybrid (composite) classifier by combining two classifiers in common use-classification trees and k-nearest-neighbor (k-NN). In our scheme we divide the feature space up by a classification tree, and then classify test set items using the k-N-N rule just among those training items in the same leaf as the test item. This reduces somewhat the computational load associated with k-NN, and it produces a classification rule that performs better than either trees or the usual k-NN in a number of well-known data sets. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res ORSb, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD JUL 28 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 AR PII S0167-9473(01)00098-6 DI 10.1016/S0167-9473(01)00098-6 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 580QE UT WOS:000177244600003 ER PT J AU Natishan, PM Yu, SY O'Grady, WE Ramaker, DE AF Natishan, PM Yu, SY O'Grady, WE Ramaker, DE TI X-ray absorption near edge structure and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of chloride in passive oxide films SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE pitting corrosion; oxide film; passivity; X-ray absorption near edge structure; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID ALUMINUM AB X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), utilizing both electron yield and X-ray fluorescence detectors, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to follow chloride uptake by oxide-covered aluminum in 0.1 M NaCl solutions. The aluminum samples were polarized at selected potentials below (less positive than) the pitting potential. The electron yield XANES and XPS showed multiple peaks. The XPS chloride spectra showed two distinct sets of doublets. One doublet is related to chloride on the surface and the second is related to chloride incorporated in the oxide film. The XANES results also showed two peaks which are attributed to chloride on the surface and in the bulk of the oxide. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Natishan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JUL 27 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 19 BP 3131 EP 3136 AR PII S0013-4686(02)00232-3 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(02)00232-3 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 588PV UT WOS:000177710600011 ER PT J AU Mansour, AN Smith, PH Baker, WM Balasubramanian, M McBreen, J AF Mansour, AN Smith, PH Baker, WM Balasubramanian, M McBreen, J TI In situ XAS investigation of the oxidation state and local structure of vanadium in discharged and charged V2O5 aerogel cathodes SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE X-ray absorption spectroscopy; vanadium pentoxide aerogels; lithium intercalation; oxidation state; local structure ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL LITHIUM INTERCALATION; K-EDGE; XEROGEL; DIFFRACTION; BATTERIES; SPECTRA; FILMS; OXIDE; TRANSFORMATION AB We have examined the evolution of the oxidation state and atomic structure of vanadium(V) in discharged and charged nanophase vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) aerogel cathodes under in situ conditions using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). We show that the oxidation state of V in V2O5 aerogel cathode heated under vacuum (100 muTorr) at 220 degreesC for 20.5 h is similar to that of V in a commercially obtained sample of orthorhombic V2O5. In addition, lithium (Li) insertion during the first cycle of discharging leads to the reduction of V(V) to V(IV) and V(IV) to V(III) in a manner consistent with the stoichiometry of the sample (i.e. LixV2O5). Li extraction during charging leads to oxidation of V(III) to V(IV) and then V(IV) to V(V). Furthermore, the oxidation state of V in fully charged cathodes remains unchanged with cycling (upto at least the 16th cycle) from that of V in the control V2O5 aerogel cathode. However, the average oxidation state of V in discharged V2O5 cathodes increased with cycling. Moreover, the local structure of V in the discharged state has a higher degree of symmetry than that of the fully charged state. A significant change in the structure of the V-V correlation of discharged cathodes is observed with cycling indicating the formation of electrochemically irreversible phases. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 644,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM mansouran@nswccd.navy.mil NR 34 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 EI 1873-3859 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JUL 27 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 19 BP 3151 EP 3161 AR PII S0013-4686(02)00234-7 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(02)00234-7 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 588PV UT WOS:000177710600013 ER PT J AU Grinstein, FF Young, TR Gutmark, EJ Li, GQ Hsiao, G Mongia, HC AF Grinstein, FF Young, TR Gutmark, EJ Li, GQ Hsiao, G Mongia, HC TI Flow dynamics in a swirl combustor SO JOURNAL OF TURBULENCE LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; VORTEX BREAKDOWN; SHEAR FLOWS AB A hybrid simulation approach is used to investigate the flow patterns in an axisymmetric swirl combustor configuration. Effective inlet boundary conditions are based on velocity data from Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes or actual laboratory measurements at the outlet of a fuel-injector nozzle, and large eddy simulations are used to study the unsteady non-reactive swirl flow dynamics downstream. Case studies ranging from single-swirler to more complex triple-swirler nozzles are presented to emphasize the importance of initial inlet conditions on the behaviour of the swirling flow entering a sudden expansion area, including swirl and radial numbers, inlet length and characteristic velocity profiles. Swirl of sufficient strength produces an adverse pressure gradient which can promote flow reversal or vortex breakdown, and the coupling between swirl and sudden expansion instabilities depends on the relative length of the inlet. The flow is found to be very sensitive to the detailed nature of the velocity radial profiles. The critical challenge of specification of suitable inlet boundary conditions to emulate the turbulent conditions in the laboratory experiments is raised in this context. C1 USN, Res Lab, LCP FD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Engn Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Gen Elect Aircraft Engine Co, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. RP Grinstein, FF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, LCP FD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1468-5248 J9 J TURBUL JI J. Turbul. PD JUL 26 PY 2002 VL 3 AR 030 DI 10.1088/1468-5248/3/1/030 PG 19 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 578MB UT WOS:000177120400001 ER PT J AU Soto, CM Srinivasan, A Ratna, BR AF Soto, CM Srinivasan, A Ratna, BR TI Controlled assembly of mesoscale structures using DNA as molecular bridges SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COLLOIDS; CELLS C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Soto, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 24 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 29 BP 8508 EP 8509 DI 10.1021/ja017653f PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 575EF UT WOS:000176933100002 PM 12121074 ER PT J AU Lin, Y Chen, YB Garret, T Liu, SW Chen, CL Chen, L Bontchev, RP Jacobson, A Jiang, JC Meletis, EI Horwitz, J Wu, HD AF Lin, Y Chen, YB Garret, T Liu, SW Chen, CL Chen, L Bontchev, RP Jacobson, A Jiang, JC Meletis, EI Horwitz, J Wu, HD TI Epitaxial growth of dielectric CaCu3Ti4O12 thin films on (001) LaAlO3 by pulsed laser deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE SYNTHESIS; MICROWAVE PROPERTIES; CONSTANT; OXIDE AB High dielectric CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) thin films were epitaxially grown on (001) LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Microstructural studies by x-ray diffraction, pole figure measurements, and transmission electron microscopy show that the as-grown films are good single crystalline quality with an interface relationship of (001)(CCTO)//(001)(LAO) and [100](CCTO)//[100](LAO). Dielectric property measurements show that the films have an extremely high dielectric constant with value of 10 000 at 1 MHz at room temperature. It is interesting to note that the twinned substrate results in the formation of twinning or dislocations inside the CCTO film. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, NSF, Mat Res Sci & Engn Ctr, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, CL (reprint author), Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI lin, yuan/B-9955-2013 NR 17 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 22 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 4 BP 631 EP 633 DI 10.1063/1.1490624 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 574CV UT WOS:000176871600021 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, CD TI Neutrino, neutron, and cosmic-ray production in the external shock model of gamma-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmic rays; galaxies : halos; gamma rays : bursts; gamma rays : theory ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RELATIVISTIC BLAST WAVES; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; GRB 970228; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; EGRET OBSERVATIONS; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION AB The hypothesis that ultrahigh-energy (greater than or similar to10(19) eV) cosmic rays ( UHECRs) are accelerated by gamma-ray burst (GRB) blast waves is assumed to be correct. Implications of this assumption are then derived for the external shock model of GRBs. The evolving synchrotron radiation spectrum in GRB blast waves provides target photons for the photomeson production of neutrinos and neutrons. Decay characteristics and radiative efficiencies of the neutral particles that escape from the blast wave are calculated. The diffuse high-energy GRB neutrino background and the distribution of high-energy GRB neutrino events are calculated for specific parameter sets, and a scaling relation for the photomeson production efficiency in surroundings with different densities is derived. GRBs provide an intense flux of high-energy neutrons, with neutron production efficiencies exceeding similar to1% of the total energy release. The radiative characteristics of the neutron beta-decay electrons from the GRB neutron bomb are solved in a special case. Galaxies with GRB activity should be surrounded by radiation halos of similar to100 kpc extent from the out owing neutrons, consisting of a nonthermal optical/X-ray synchrotron component and a high-energy gamma-ray component from Compton-scattered microwave background radiation. The peak luminosity emitted by the diffuse beta electron halo from a single GRB with greater than or similar to2 x 10(53) ergs isotropic energy release is similar to10(35) ergs s(-1), with a potentially much brighter signal from the neutron decay protons. The decay halo from a single GRB can persist for greater than or similar to0.1-1 Myr. Stronger neutrino fluxes and neutron decay halos can be produced by external shocks in clumpy external media and in scenarios involving internal shock scenarios, so detection of neutrinos associated with smooth pro le GRBs could rule out an impulsive GRB central engine and an external shock model for the prompt phase. The luminosity of sources of GRBs and relativistic outflows in L* galaxies such as the Milky Way is at the level of similar to10(40+/-1) ergs s(-1). This is sufficient to account for UHECR generation by GRBs. We briefly speculate on the possibility that hadronic cosmic rays originate from the subset of supernovae that collapse to form relativistic outflows and GRBs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil NR 133 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2002 VL 574 IS 1 BP 65 EP 87 DI 10.1086/340893 PN 1 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 575ZK UT WOS:000176978200008 ER PT J AU Brosius, JW Landi, E Cook, JW Newmark, JS Gopalswamy, N Lara, A AF Brosius, JW Landi, E Cook, JW Newmark, JS Gopalswamy, N Lara, A TI Measurements of three-dimensional coronal magnetic fields from coordinated extreme-ultraviolet and radio observations of a solar active region sunspot SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : radio radiation; Sun : UV radiation; sunspots ID STRUCTURES OBSERVING CAMPAIGN; HIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; EMISSION-LINES; ATOMIC DATABASE; MICROWAVE; TEMPERATURE; SUN; SPECTRUM AB We observed NOAA Active Region 8108 around 1940 UT on 1997 November 18 with the Very Large Array and with three instruments aboard the NASA/ESA Solar and Heliospheric Observatory satellite, including the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer, the EUV Imaging Telescope, and the Michelson Doppler Imager. We used the right-hand and left-hand circularly polarized components of the radio observing frequencies, along with the coordinated EUV observations, to derive the three-dimensional coronal magnetic field above the regions sunspot and its immediate surroundings. This was done by placing the largest possible harmonic (which corresponds to the smallest possible magnetic field strength) for each component of each radio frequency into appropriate atmospheric temperature intervals such that the calculated radio brightness temperatures at each spatial location match the corresponding observed values. The temperature dependence of the derived coronal magnetic field, B(x, y, T), is insensitive to uncertainties on the observed parameters and yields field strengths in excess of 580 G at 2 x 10(6) K and in excess of 1500 G at 1 x 10(6) K. The height dependence of the derived coronal magnetic field, B(x, y, T), varies significantly with our choice of magnetic scale height L-B. Based on L-B = 3.8 x 10(9) cm derived from the relative displacements of the observed radio centroids, we find magnetic field strengths in excess of 1500 G at heights of 15,000 km and as great as 1000 G at 25,000 km. By observing a given target region on several successive days, we would obtain observations at a variety of projection angles, thus enabling a better determination of L-B and, ultimately, B(x, y, h). We compare coronal magnetic fields derived from our method with those derived from a potential extrapolation and find that the magnitudes of the potential field strengths are factors of 2 or more smaller than those derived from our method. This indicates that the sunspot field is not potential and that currents must be present in the corona. Alfven speeds between 25,000 and 57,000 km s(-1) are derived for the 1 x 10(6) K plasma at the centroids of the radio observing frequencies. Filling factors between 0.003 and 0.1 are derived for the 1 x 10(6) K plasma at the centroids of the radio observing frequencies. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Catholic Univ, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, ARTEP Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Catholic Univ, Code 682, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011; Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; OI Lara, Alejandro/0000-0001-6336-5291; Gopalswamy, Nat/0000-0001-5894-9954 NR 47 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2002 VL 574 IS 1 BP 453 EP 466 DI 10.1086/340923 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 575ZK UT WOS:000176978200039 ER PT J AU Landi, E Feldman, U Dere, KP AF Landi, E Feldman, U Dere, KP TI A comparison between coronal emission lines from an isothermal spectrum observed with the coronal diagnostic spectrometer and CHIANTI emissivities SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; line : identification; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; WAVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; FINE-STRUCTURE TRANSITIONS; BE-LIKE IONS; ATOMIC DATA; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; IRON PROJECT; FE-XII; GROUND CONFIGURATION; RATE COEFFICIENTS AB The present paper compares off-disk spectral observations of the solar corona in the ranges 307-379 and 513-633 Angstrom with theoretical emissivities calculated using the CHIANTI database. The observed spectra were recorded by the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer instrument on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory using the normal-incidence portion of the instrument. Using line-ratio techniques, we first measure the electron temperature and density in the emitting region, verifying that it is nearly isothermal. Next, we use an emission-measure analysis to compare measured spectral line intensities with predictions from the CHIANTI database. This comparison allows us to assess the quality of the CHIANTI data for the brightest coronal lines in the 307-379 and 513-633 Angstrom spectral ranges. As a result, we are able to (1) select lines and ions for which the agreement between theory and observation is good, (2) identify a few lines that are blended, and (3) stress inconsistencies between a few lines and theory, thus showing where improvements to atomic data and transition probabilities are necessary. C1 Artep Inc, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), Artep Inc, Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 7600A, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 49 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2002 VL 574 IS 1 BP 495 EP 503 DI 10.1086/340837 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 575ZK UT WOS:000176978200042 ER PT J AU Doron, R Doschek, GA Feldman, U Bhatia, AK Bar-Shalom, A AF Doron, R Doschek, GA Feldman, U Bhatia, AK Bar-Shalom, A TI The effect of high-lying levels on atomic models relevant to spectroscopic analyses of solar extreme-ultraviolet spectra SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; Sun : UV radiation; techniques : spectroscopic ID TRANSITION REGION; CROSS-SECTIONS; AL-III; SI-IV; LINES; IONS; TEMPERATURE; EMISSION; PLASMAS; ATMOSPHERE AB In this work we investigate the effect of including high-lying configurations in the collisional-radiative models used to calculate spectral line intensities recorded by the Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) spectrometer on board the SOHO satellite. Many of the emission lines observed by SUMER are attributed to transitions within the L and M electronic shells of ions isoelectronic to sequences from Li I to Na I By using atomic data that are mostly generated by the Hebrew University Lawrence Livermore Atomic Code (HULLAC), we incorporate in the atomic models configurations from higher shells and systematically study their effect on the calculated line intensities in selected ions. The high-lying configurations alter the line intensities through radiative cascades and configuration interaction effects. We find that cascades can significantly enhance the line intensities of the considered ions by up to 60% at temperatures of the ion maximum fractional abundance. The enhancement due to cascades increases with increasing temperature and charge state. The configuration mixing effects can either enhance or reduce the line intensities. Generally, the mixing effect becomes less important for higher charge states. C1 George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. RP Doron, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7670D,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Doron, Ramy/I-2064-2013 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2002 VL 574 IS 1 BP 504 EP 512 DI 10.1086/340839 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 575ZK UT WOS:000176978200043 ER PT J AU Doron, R Behar, E AF Doron, R Behar, E TI The X-ray spectrum of Fe16+ revisited with a multi-ion model SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; line : formation; techniques : spectroscopic; X-rays : general ID FE-XVII; LINE RATIOS; ATOMIC PROCESSES; ACTIVE-REGION; CHANDRA; PLASMAS; CAPELLA; DENSITY; COEFFICIENTS; INTENSITY AB The theoretical intensities of the soft X-ray Fe16+ lines arising from 2l-3l' transitions are reexamined using a three-ion collisional-radiative model that includes the contributions to line formation of radiative recombination (RR), dielectronic recombination (DR), resonant excitation (RE), and inner-shell collisional ionization (CI), in addition to the usual contribution of collisional excitation (CE). These additional processes enhance mostly the 2p-3s lines and not the 2p-3d lines. Under coronal equilibrium conditions, in the electron temperature range of 400-600 eV where the Fe16+ line emissivities peak, the combined effect of the additional processes is to enhance the 2p-3s lines at 16.78, 17.05, and 17.10 Angstrom, by similar to25%, 30%, and 55%, respectively, compared with their traditional, single-ion CE values. The weak 2p-3d line at 15.45 Angstrom is also enhanced by up to 20%, while the other 2p-3d lines are almost unaffected. The effects of DR and RE are found to be dominant in this temperature range (400-600 eV), while that of CI is 3% at the most, and the contribution of RR is less than 1%. At lower temperatures, where the Fe16+/Fe17+ abundance ratio is high, the RE effect dominates. However, as the temperature rises and the Fe17+ abundance increases, the DR effect takes over. The newly calculated line powers can reproduce most of the often observed high values of the (I-lambda17.05 + I-lambda17.10)/I-lambda15.01 intensity ratio. The importance of ionization and recombination processes to the line strengths also helps to explain why laboratory measurements in which CE is essentially the sole mechanism agree well with single-ion calculations but do not reproduce the astrophysically observed ratios. C1 George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Doron, R (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Doron, Ramy/I-2064-2013 NR 40 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2002 VL 574 IS 1 BP 518 EP 526 DI 10.1086/340947 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 575ZK UT WOS:000176978200045 ER PT J AU Chang, W Giraldo, F Perot, B AF Chang, W Giraldo, F Perot, B TI Analysis of an exact fractional step method SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fractional step method; projection method; incompressible; numerical; unstructured; Navier-Stokes ID VISCOUS INCOMPRESSIBLE-FLOW; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; PROJECTION METHODS AB An exact fractional step or projection method for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is analyzed. The method is applied to both structured and unstructured staggered mesh schemes. There are no splitting errors associated with the method; it satisfies the incompressibility condition to machine precision and reduces the number of unknowns. The exact projection technique is demonstrated on a two-dimensional cavity flow and a multiply connected moving domain with a free surface. Its performance is compared directly to classic fractional step methods and shown to be roughly twice as efficient. Boundary conditions and the relationship of the method to streamfunction-vorticity methods are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM perot@ecs.umass.edu NR 27 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 20 PY 2002 VL 180 IS 1 BP 183 EP 199 DI 10.1006/jcph.2002.7087 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 574NG UT WOS:000176896000009 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Tshiteya, R Pfeil, KM Humenik, JA AF Kostoff, RN Tshiteya, R Pfeil, KM Humenik, JA TI Electrochemical power text mining using bibliometrics and database tomography SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE electrochemical power; database tomography; bibliometric analysis; text mining; information retrieval; technical intelligence ID CITATION AB Database tomography (DT) is a textual database analysis system consisting of two major components: (1) algorithms for extracting multi-word phrase frequencies and phrase proximities (physical closeness of the multi-word technical phrases) from any type of large textual database, to augment (2) interpretative capabilities of the expert human analyst. DT was used to derive technical intelligence from an electrochemical power database derived from the science citation index (SCI). Phrase frequency analysis by the technical domain experts provided the pervasive technical themes of the electrochemical power database, and the phrase proximity analysis provided the relationships among the pervasive technical themes. Bibliometric analysis of the electrochemical power literature supplemented the DT results with author/journal/institution publication and citation data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. DDL Omni Engn LLC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Noesis Inc, Manassas, VA USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 16 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL 20 PY 2002 VL 110 IS 1 BP 163 EP 176 AR PII S0378-7753(02)00233-1 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00233-1 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 575EW UT WOS:000176934600023 ER PT J AU Todd, MD Seaver, M Bucholtz, F AF Todd, MD Seaver, M Bucholtz, F TI Improved, operationally-passive interferometric demodulation method using 3x3 coupler SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIBER; INTERROGATION; SENSORS AB An improved algorithm for demodulating the phase output of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer that uses a 3x3 coupler is presented. Error analysis and experimental data show how a generalised 3x3 coupler description eliminates signal distortion and frequency mixing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Todd, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUL 18 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 15 BP 784 EP 786 DI 10.1049/el:20020569 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 582FM UT WOS:000177339100014 ER PT J AU Metzner, AP AF Metzner, AP TI Yielding of polymers filled with large-diameter particles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE composites; mechanical properties; fillers; yielding; adhesion ID PARTICULATE COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; ELASTOMERS AB The yield stress of a polymer filled with rigid filler particles much larger than 5 mum is affected by the single-particle debonding stress at large volume fractions of filler. This relationship holds up to a limiting modulus based on the size of the polymer chains of the binder. An elastic yield energy, or resilience, is defined. Within the limits of the yield stress equation, this yield energy is constant over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures at high volume fractions of filler. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Dept Navy, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Metzner, AP (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Dept Navy, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUL 18 PY 2002 VL 85 IS 3 BP 455 EP 466 DI 10.1002/app.10343 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 555QR UT WOS:000175805200001 ER PT J AU Serpico, JM Ehrenberg, SG Fontanella, JJ Jiao, X Perahia, D McGrady, KA Sanders, EH Kellogg, GE Wnek, GE AF Serpico, JM Ehrenberg, SG Fontanella, JJ Jiao, X Perahia, D McGrady, KA Sanders, EH Kellogg, GE Wnek, GE TI Transport and structural studies of sulfonated styrene-ethylene copolymer membranes SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; WEIGHT NAFION MEMBRANES; COMPLEX IMPEDANCE; WATER; IONOMERS; NMR; RELAXATION; MORPHOLOGY; SCATTERING; CELLS AB The structure and proton conductivity of sulfonated styrene-ethylene copolymers have been Conductivities in excess of 0.1 S/cm are obtained depending upon copolymer composition and sulfonation level. The dependence of conductivity on humidity has been measured and compared with that of Nafion and a partially sulfonated block copolymer. X-ray and neutron scattering studies suggest the presence of a bicontinuous network of hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains in water-swollen samples. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Dais Analyt Corp, Odessa, FL 33556 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Med Chem, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RI Kellogg, Glen/A-8008-2011 NR 31 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 16 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 15 BP 5916 EP 5921 DI 10.1021/ma020251n PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 573DT UT WOS:000176814600030 ER PT J AU Paluch, M Roland, CM Best, A AF Paluch, M Roland, CM Best, A TI Dielectric and mechanical relaxation of cresolphthalein-dimethylether SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; PHOTON-CORRELATION; DYNAMICS; VOLUME; POLYMERS; MODEL; FORMERS AB From pressure-volume-temperature measurements, in combination with published dielectric spectroscopy results, we assess the volume dependence of structural relaxation in cresolphthalein-dimethylether (KDE). Structural relaxation in KDE cannot be described as either a volume activated or thermally activated process, and unlike results for some other molecular glass formers, temperature is not the dominant control variable. The inflection point of the PVT data yields a glass temperature, T-g, that corresponds to a dielectric relaxation time equal to 10 s. There is a marked variation with pressure, dT(g)/dP=307 K/GPa at low pressure. We also carried out dynamic mechanical measurements on KDE near T-g. The shape of the mechanical and dielectric relaxation functions, as well as both the magnitude and temperature dependence of the respective relaxation times, are the same. Such equivalence is not generally expected, and arises herein due to the rigid structure of the KDE molecule. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55021 Mainz, Germany. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paluch@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 43 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 3 BP 1188 EP 1193 DI 10.1063/1.1485965 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 569KA UT WOS:000176600500026 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Stauffer, D Seyfarth, R Cueva, LA Gettrust, JF Wood, W AF Pandey, RB Stauffer, D Seyfarth, R Cueva, LA Gettrust, JF Wood, W TI Density profile and flow of miscible fluid with dissimilar constituent masses SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo simulation; lattice gas; porous media ID MEXICO CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; OPEN POROUS-MEDIUM; NORTHERN GULF; GAS; SEDIMENT AB A computer simulation model is used to study the density profile and flow of a miscible gaseous fluid mixture consisting of differing constituent masses (m(A) = m(B)/3) through an open matrix. The density profile is found to decay with the height proportional to exp(-m(A(B))h), consistent with the barometric height law. The flux density shows a power-law increase proportional to (p(c) - p)(a) with mu similar or equal to 2.3 at the porosity 1 - p above the pore percolation threshold 1 - p(c). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 310 IS 3-4 BP 325 EP 332 AR PII S0378-4371(02)00607-6 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(02)00607-6 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 567KA UT WOS:000176482900004 ER PT J AU Bartschat, K Dasgupta, A Giuliani, JL AF Bartschat, K Dasgupta, A Giuliani, JL TI Electron-impact excitation of molybdenum from the (4d(5)5s)a S-7 ground state SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MO AB Theoretical results from multi-state nonrelativistic R-matrix (close-coupling) calculations are presented for electron-impact excitation of molybdenum from the (4d(5)5S)S-7 ground state. The dependence of the results on the details of the theoretical model, particularly on the structure description and the number of coupled states, is analysed. These results represent the first step in an ongoing programme to obtain atomic data for spectroscopic modelling of a molybdenum-oxide lamp displaying strong transitions of Mo I. C1 Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. USN, Res Lab, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bartschat, K (reprint author), Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. RI Bartschat, Klaus/I-2527-2012 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUL 14 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 13 BP 2899 EP 2909 AR PII S0953-4075(02)34383-9 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/35/13/305 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 582PP UT WOS:000177360600010 ER EF