FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lee, MH Kim, JJ Kim, KH Kim, NJ Lee, S Lee, EW AF Lee, MH Kim, JJ Kim, KH Kim, NJ Lee, S Lee, EW TI Effects of HIPping on high-cycle fatigue properties of investment cast A356 aliuminium alloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE HIPping; investment casting; A356 aluminum alloy; high-cycle fatigue; eutectic silicon particle; pore ID ALUMINUM; FRACTURE; VARIABLES; BEHAVIOR AB This study is concerned with the effects of HIPping on high-cycle fatigue properties of investment cast A356 Al alloys. Tensile and high-cycle fatigue tests were conducted on cast alloys, two of which were HIPped, and then the test data were analyzed in relation with microstructures, tensile and fracture properties, and fatigue fracture mode. Eutectic Si particles were homogeneously dispersed in the matrix of the casting A356 Al alloys, but there were many large pores formed as casting defects. The high-cycle fatigue test results indicated that fatigue strength of the HIPped alloys was higher than that of the non-HIPped alloys because of the significant reduction in volume fraction of pores by HIPping. In the non-HIPped specimens, fatigue cracks initiated at large pores adjacent to the specimen surface and then propagated down to several hundreds micrometers depth while coalescing with other large pores. On the other hand, the HIPped specimens, where pores did not affect the fatigue much, fatigue cracks initiated at eutectic Si particles and propagated along them, thereby leading to improved fatigue strength by 40 to similar to50% over the non-HIPped specimens. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Adv Aerosp Mat, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Adv Aerosp Mat, Pohang 790784, South Korea. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 340 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 129 AR PII S0921-5093(02)00157-0 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00157-0 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 615TC UT WOS:000179261900013 ER PT J AU Oh, J Kim, NJ Lee, S Lee, EW AF Oh, J Kim, NJ Lee, S Lee, EW TI Correlation of fatigue properties and microstructure in investment cast Ti-6Al-4V welds SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Ti-6A1-4V; EB weld; TIG weld; high-cycle fatigue; fatigue crack growth; welding pores; titanium castings ID CRACK-GROWTH-BEHAVIOR; TITANIUM-ALLOY; TRANSITIONS; INITIATION AB The effect of microstructural characteristics on high-cycle fatigue properties and fatigue crack propagation behavior of welded regions of an investment cast Ti-6Al-4V were investigated. High-cycle fatigue and fatigue crack propagation tests were conducted on the welded regions, which were processed by two different welding methods: tungsten inert gas (TIG) and electron beam (EB) welding. Test data were analyzed in relation to microstructure, tensile properties, and fatigue fracture mode. The base metal was composed of an alpha plate colony structure transformed to a basket-weave structure with thin a platelets after welding and annealing. High-cycle fatigue results indicated that fatigue strength of the EB weld was lower than that of the base metal or the TIG weld because of the existence of large micropores formed during welding, although it had the highest yield strength. In the case of the fatigue crack propagation, the EB weld composed of thinner a platelets had a faster crack propagation rate than the base metal or the TIG weld. The effective microstructural feature determining the fatigue crack propagation rate was found to be the width of a platelets because it was well matched with the reversed cyclic plastic zone size calculated in the threshold DeltaK regime. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Adv Aerosp Mat, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Lee, S (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Code 4342, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 28 TC 52 Z9 72 U1 8 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 340 IS 1-2 BP 232 EP 242 AR PII S0921-5093(02)00176-4 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00176-4 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 615TC UT WOS:000179261900026 ER PT J AU Komesu, T Jeong, HK Choi, J Borca, CN Dowben, PA Petukhov, AG Schultz, BD Palmstrom, CJ AF Komesu, T Jeong, HK Choi, J Borca, CN Dowben, PA Petukhov, AG Schultz, BD Palmstrom, CJ TI Electronic structure of ErAs(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; RARE-EARTH-METALS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SEMIMETAL QUANTUM-WELLS; FINAL-STATE SYMMETRY; BAND-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; GD MONOPNICTIDES; FERMI-SURFACE; GROUND-STATE AB The experimental band structure of the rare-earth pnictide erbium arsenide (ErAs), grown epitaxially on GaAs(100), has been mapped out using photoelectron spectroscopy and inverse photoemission spectroscopy. The electronic structure is dominated by bulk bands qualitatively consistent with the calculated band structure. A number of additional nondispersing 4f multiplet levels can be identified in the valence-band structure as well as at least one surface resonance band. From symmetry selection rules, photoemission provides strong evidence that the Delta(5) (or e) symmetry bands are a consequence of hybridization between Er and As, while the Delta(1) (or a(1)) symmetry bands have possible contributions from nonbonding or antibonding states from Er (and/or As). C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Mat Res & Anal, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Phys, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 72 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 3 AR 035104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.035104 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 644WR UT WOS:000180943800032 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Myers, M Hegeler, F Swanekamp, SB Sethian, JD Ludeking, L AF Friedman, M Myers, M Hegeler, F Swanekamp, SB Sethian, JD Ludeking, L TI Emission of an intense electron beam from a ceramic honeycomb SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER AB Inserting a slab of honeycomb ceramic in front of the emitting surface of a large-area cathode improves the electron beam emission uniformity, decreases the beam current rise and fall times, and maintains a more constant diode impedance. Moreover, changing the cathode material from velvet to carbon fiber achieved a more robust cathode that starts to emit at a higher electric field without a degradation in beam uniformity. In addition, an 80% reduction in the postshot diode pressure was also observed when gamma alumina was deposited on the ceramic. A possible explanation is that reabsorption and recycling of adsorbed gases takes place. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CTI, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. TITAN JAYCOR, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. MRC, Newington, VA 22122 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 2 BP 179 EP 181 DI 10.1063/1.1537510 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 634AG UT WOS:000180317400009 ER PT J AU O'Shaughnessy, TJ Zim, B Ma, W Shaffer, KM Stenger, DA Zamani, K Gross, GW Pancrazio, JJ AF O'Shaughnessy, TJ Zim, B Ma, W Shaffer, KM Stenger, DA Zamani, K Gross, GW Pancrazio, JJ TI Acute neuropharmacologic action of chloroquine on cortical neurons in vitro SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aminoquinolone; cortical neuron; extracellular recording; malaria; microelectrode array; patch clamp ID TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE PHOSPHATE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; CALCIUM CHANNELS; IN-VITRO; CURRENTS; CELLS; INHIBITION; BIOSENSORS; NETWORKS AB Chloroquine, a common quinolone derivative used in the treatment of malaria, has been associated with neurologic side-effects including depression, psychosis and delirium. The neuropharmacologic effects of chloroquine were examined on cultured cortical neurons using microelectrode array (MEA) recording and the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Whole-cell patch clamp records under current-clamp mode also showed a chloroquine-induced depression of the firing rate of spontaneous action potentials by similar to40%, consistent with the observations with the MEA recording, although no changes in either the baseline membrane potential or input resistance were observed. Voltage clamp recordings of spontaneous post-synaptic currents, recorded in the presence of tetrodotoxin, revealed no obvious changes in either the amplitude or rate of occurrence of inward currents with application of chloroquine at 10 muM, suggesting that the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying spontaneous synaptic transmission may not be affected by acute application of the drug. In contrast, a concentration-dependent inhibition of whole-cell calcium current was observed in the presence of chloroquine. These acute neuropharmacologic changes were not accompanied by cytotoxic actions of the compound, even after exposure of up to 500 muM chloroquine for 7 h. These data suggest that chloroquine can depress in vitro neuronal activity, perhaps through inhibition of membrane calcium channels. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ N Texas, Ctr Network Neurosci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biol, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Pancrazio, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD JAN 10 PY 2003 VL 959 IS 2 BP 280 EP 286 AR PII S0006-8993(02)03763-0 DI 10.1016/S0006-8993(02)03763-0 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 635RG UT WOS:000180412500012 PM 12493616 ER PT J AU Valero, FPJ Pope, SK Bush, BC Nguyen, Q Marsden, D Cess, RD Simpson-Leitner, AS Bucholtz, A Udelhofen, PM AF Valero, FPJ Pope, SK Bush, BC Nguyen, Q Marsden, D Cess, RD Simpson-Leitner, AS Bucholtz, A Udelhofen, PM TI Absorption of solar radiation by the clear and cloudy atmosphere during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Enhanced Shortwave Experiments (ARESE) I and II: Observations and models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE solar radiation; absorption; clouds; models; measurements; aircraft ID WATER CLOUDS; AIRCRAFT; PARAMETERIZATION; PYRANOMETERS; ALGORITHM; SATELLITE AB As a follow-on to the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Enhanced Shortwave Experiment (ARESE) I, which provided atmospheric shortwave measurements from collocated aircraft, ARESE II performed similar measurements with a single aircraft flying at an altitude of 7 km over an instrumented surface site. ARESE I and ARESE II absorptance measurements are found to agree with each other and, when converted to top of the atmosphere (TOA) instantaneous column absorption, are also consistent with GOES 8 and Scanner for Radiation Budget (ScaRaB) satellite observations. Measurements are compared to calculations performed with five different radiative transfer models. It is found that the calculated absorption differs systematically from the observations in cloudy conditions, with models underpredicting the absorption. In particular, all the models tested here underpredict the measured instantaneous cloudy column absorption by amounts ranging from 17 to 61 W m(-2), depending on the models and cases studied. The various models, using identical input, differ among themselves; for example, for the same cloudy case, absorptance estimates range from 0.22 to 0.27 for the atmospheric column from the surface to the TOA. It is also found that model-calculated absorptances appear not as well correlated to cloud optical depth variations as the measured absorptances appear to be. Measured and calculated clear-sky absorptances agree well within the uncertainties. Cloudy-sky absorptances in the visible spectral region (300 to 700 nm) reach values of as much as 0.02 during ARESE II while the equivalent measurements for ARESE I range around 0.06. This visible absorptance may be related to aerosols and their day-to-day and seasonal variability. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Atmospher Res Lab, Ctr Atmospher Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Valero, FPJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Atmospher Res Lab, Ctr Atmospher Sci, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM fvalero@ucsd.edu NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 10 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D1 AR 4016 DI 10.1029/2001JD001384 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 655LV UT WOS:000181554600004 ER PT J AU Haftel, MI Rosen, M AF Haftel, MI Rosen, M TI Surface-embedded-atom model of the potential-induced lifting of the reconstruction of Au(100) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE semi-empirical models and model calculations; surface relaxation and reconstruction; surface tension; surface stress; gold; metal-electrolyte interfaces ID STRANSKI-KRASTANOV GROWTH; EARLY FILM DEPOSITION; X-RAY-SCATTERING; AU(111); STRESS; ELECTRODES; INTERFACE; GOLD; AU; ADSORPTION AB We apply a recently developed model for the energetics of the metal-electrolyte interface, based on the surface-embedded-atom model (SEAM), to the lifting of the quasihexagonal reconstruction of Au(1 0 0). We calculate the surface tensions of the 1 x 1 and reconstructed phases as functions of the electrode surface potential. The SEAM predicts a lifting of the reconstruction with positive surface charge with the transition occurring 0.17 V positive of the PZC of the reconstructed phase. This is consistent with experimental observations of the lifting of the reconstruction 0.2-0.3 V positive of the PZC for electrolytes with the most weakly adsorbed anions. We find that the reduction of the excess surface stress with increasing voltage is an important factor in lifting the reconstruction. These results indicate that surface charge effects alone can bring about the lifting of the reconstruction. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Haftel, MI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2003 VL 523 IS 1-2 BP 118 EP 124 AR PII S0039-6028(02)02453-6 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02453-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 633JA UT WOS:000180278100017 ER PT J AU Elgar, S Raubenheimer, B Herbers, THC AF Elgar, S Raubenheimer, B Herbers, THC TI Bragg reflection of ocean waves from sandbars SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 0.005-0.05 HZ MOTIONS; SURFACE-WAVES; WATER-WAVES; RESONANT REFLECTION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BARS; SCATTERING; MODEL AB [1] Resonant Bragg reflection of ocean surface waves by a field of natural shore-parallel sandbars was observed in Cape Cod Bay, MA. Waves transmitted through the bars were reflected strongly from the steep shoreline, and the observed cross-shore variations in the onshore- and offshore-directed energy fluxes are consistent with theory for resonant Bragg reflection, including a 20% decay of the incident wave energy flux that is an order of magnitude greater than expected for wave-orbital velocity induced bottom friction. Bragg reflection was observed for a range of incident wave conditions, including storms when sediment transported toward and away from nodes and antinodes caused by the reflecting waves might result in growth and maintenance of the sandbars. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elgar, S (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, MS11, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 AR 1016 DI 10.1029/2002GL016351 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 655GV UT WOS:000181543700001 ER PT J AU Chao, Y Li, ZJ Kindle, JC Paduan, JD Chavez, FP AF Chao, Y Li, ZJ Kindle, JC Paduan, JD Chavez, FP TI A high-resolution surface vector wind product for coastal oceans: Blending satellite scatterometer measurements with regional mesoscale atmospheric model simulations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A 2-dimensional variational method is used to blend the satellite scatterometer measured (QuikSCAT) and regional mesoscale atmospheric model simulated (COAMPS) surface vector winds for coastal central California. The approach is distinct from existing methods in that it considers errors from both measurements and models. When compared with independent in situ observations, the blended wind product shows consistently higher correlation and smaller RMS errors than QuikSCAT or COAMPS winds. The proposed algorithm can be implemented over any part of the world ocean. It should be a valuable tool for describing small-scale atmospheric processes in coastal zones and for forcing high-resolution coastal ocean models. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Raytheon ITSS, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Chao, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 300-323, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 6 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 AR 1013 DI 10.1029/2002GL015729 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 655GU UT WOS:000181543600001 ER PT J AU Jansen, N Diener, P Hansen, J Khokhlov, A Novikov, I AF Jansen, N Diener, P Hansen, J Khokhlov, A Novikov, I TI Local and global properties of conformal initial data for black-hole collisions SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article ID CONSTRUCTION; DYNAMICS AB We study the physical properties of conformally flat initial data for single and binary black-hole configurations obtained using imaging and puncture methods. We investigate how the total mass M-tot of a dataset with two black holes depends on the configuration of linear or angular momentum and separation of the holes. The asymptotic behaviour of M-tot with increasing separation allows us to make conclusions about a nonphysical extra gravitational field introduced in the solutions by the conformally flat approach. We also calculate the spatial distribution of scalar invariants of the Riemann tensor which determine the gravitational tidal forces. For single black-hole configurations, these are compared to the known analytical solutions. Spatial distribution of the invariants allows us to make certain conclusions about the local distribution of the additional field in the numerical datasets. C1 Theoret Astrophys Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark. Penn State Univ, Ctr Gravitat Wave Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, Golm, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Copenhagen Univ Observ, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. NORDITA, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Astro Space Ctr, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. RP Jansen, N (reprint author), Theoret Astrophys Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark. RI Novikov, Igor/N-5098-2015 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD JAN 7 PY 2003 VL 20 IS 1 BP 51 EP 73 AR PII S0264-9381(03)34746-X DI 10.1088/0264-9381/20/1/304 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 639KT UT WOS:000180628200007 ER PT J AU Rex, M Salawitch, RJ Santee, ML Waters, JW Hoppel, K Bevilacqua, R AF Rex, M Salawitch, RJ Santee, ML Waters, JW Hoppel, K Bevilacqua, R TI On the unexplained stratospheric ozone losses during cold Arctic Januaries SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; POLAR VORTEX; CLO DIMER; WINTER; DEPLETION; BRO; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PROFILE; RATES; MODEL AB Using a combination of data from Match, POAM II, POAM III and MLS we show that the chemical loss rate of Arctic O-3 during January of four cold winters (1992, 1995, 1996, and 2000) is consistently faster than can be accounted for by assuming complete activation of reactive chlorine and standard reaction kinetics. However, O-3 loss rates measured during late February and early March 1996 are shown to be consistent with observations of ClO. The faster than expected O-3 loss rates during January are shown to occur when air parcels are illuminated at high solar zenith angles (SZAs between similar to85 and 94degrees), and to result in cumulative O-3 loss of similar to0.5 ppmv. The cause of the rapid January O-3 loss is unclear, but may be related to a photolytic process at high SZA that is poorly represented by current photochemical models. C1 Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rex, M (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. RI Rex, Markus/A-6054-2009; Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009 OI Rex, Markus/0000-0001-7847-8221; Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832 NR 23 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 AR 1008 DI 10.1029/2002GL016008 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 655GR UT WOS:000181543400004 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Casalini, R Paluch, M AF Roland, CM Casalini, R Paluch, M TI Isochronal temperature-pressure superpositioning of the alpha-relaxation in type-A glass formers SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; PROPYLENE-GLYCOL; FORMING LIQUIDS; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; THERMODYNAMICS; CONDUCTIVITY AB Dielectric spectra were obtained at ambient and elevated pressures for three 'type-A' glass formers, which exhibit excess intensity on the high frequency side of the structural relaxation peak. The response to pressure of the peak maximum and the excess wing suggests categorization of such glass formers into two groups: associated liquids, in which the alpha-relaxation and the excess wing have a different pressure dependence, and van der Waals liquids, which at fixed value of the alpha-relaxation time, conform to temperature-pressure superpositioning. This distinction is believed to arise from the change in the number of intermolecular bonds (non-dispersive interactions) with volume. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 2003 VL 367 IS 3-4 BP 259 EP 264 AR PII S0009-2614(02)01655-X DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)01655-X PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 634PH UT WOS:000180349100002 ER PT J AU Cabria, I Mintmire, JW White, CT AF Cabria, I Mintmire, JW White, CT TI Stability of narrow zigzag carbon nanotubes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Sanibel Symposium CY FEB 24-MAR 02, 2001 CL ST AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA SP Univ Florida, IBM Corp DE narrow zigzag carbon nanotubes; graphene strips; single-walled carbon; nanotubes; first-principle calculations ID NANOSCALE GRAPHITIC TUBULES; DENSITY-OF-STATES; MATERIALS SCIENCE; ENERGETICS; POLYACETYLENE; FULLERENES AB First principles calculations of the electronic structure and total energy of narrow zigzag carbon nanotubes and their corresponding flat graphene strips have been carried out to assess the relative stability of the tube form. The results indicate that the smallest energetically stable carbon nanotube has a radius of about 0.2 nm. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mintmire, JW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. OI Mintmire, John/0000-0002-6551-0349 NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD JAN 5 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1002/qua.10369 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 623HA UT WOS:000179696200008 ER PT J AU Dymond, KF Wolfram, KD Budzien, SA Nicholas, AC McCoy, RP Thomas, RJ AF Dymond, KF Wolfram, KD Budzien, SA Nicholas, AC McCoy, RP Thomas, RJ TI Middle ultraviolet emission from ionized iron SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IONS; MG+ AB We present middle ultraviolet spectra between 2300 and 2700 Angstrom showing emissions due to singly ionized iron and magnesium. The spectra were observed by the Ionospheric Spectroscopy and Atmospheric Chemistry (ISAAC) instrument on the United States Air Force's Advanced Research and Global Observing Satellite (ARGOS). The emission from ionized magnesium has been previously observed and studied; however, the ionized iron lines near 2400 and 2600 Angstrom are newly identified in the Earth's middle ultraviolet dayglow spectrum. Newly calculated fluorescence efficiencies for excitation of the optical emissions are also presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Dymond, KF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7607, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 3 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 AR 1003 DI 10.1029/2002GL015060 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 654KD UT WOS:000181495000001 ER PT J AU Gamezo, VN Khokhlov, AM Oran, ES Chtchelkanova, AY Rosenberg, RO AF Gamezo, VN Khokhlov, AM Oran, ES Chtchelkanova, AY Rosenberg, RO TI Thermonuclear supernovae: Simulations of the deflagration stage and their implications SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DELAYED-DETONATION MODEL; IA SUPERNOVAE; LIGHT CURVES; ACCELERATING UNIVERSE; EXPLOSION MODELS; HUBBLE CONSTANT; WHITE-DWARFS; FLAMES; DECELERATION; PROPAGATION AB Large-scale, three-dimensional numerical simulations of the deflagration stage of a thermonuclear supernova explosion show the formation and evolution of a highly convoluted turbulent. flame in the gravitational field of an expanding carbon-oxygen white dwarf. The flame dynamics are dominated by the gravity-induced Rayleigh-Taylor instability that controls the burning rate. The thermonuclear deflagration releases enough energy to produce a healthy explosion. The turbulent. flame, however, leaves large amounts of unburned and partially burned material near the star center, whereas observations that imply these materials are present only in outer layers. This disagreement could be resolved if the deflagration triggers a detonation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Strateg Anal Inc, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP Gamezo, VN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 52 TC 214 Z9 217 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 3 PY 2003 VL 299 IS 5603 BP 77 EP 81 DI 10.1126/science.1078129 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 631JZ UT WOS:000180165800035 PM 12446871 ER PT B AU Ly, L Luong, P Aikman, F Batteen, M AF Ly, L Luong, P Aikman, F Batteen, M GP ams TI Air-wave interaction and its application to ocean circulation-wave coupling SO 14TH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID MODEL; LAYER C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ly, L (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 166 EP 169 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BBB59 UT WOS:000224565100047 ER PT S AU Drusinky, D Shing, MT AF Drusinky, D Shing, MT BE Werner, B TI Verification of timing properties in rapid system prototyping SO 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEMS PROTOTYPING, PROCEEDINGS: SHORTENING THE PATH FROM SPECIFICATION TO PROTOTYPE SE IEEE International Symposium on Rapid System Prototyping LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid Systems Prototyping CY JUN 09-11, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc TC Design Automat, IEEE Comp Soc TC Simulat AB This paper addresses the need for systematic verification of timing properties of real-time prototypes, which consist of timing constraints that must he satisfied at any given time and time-series constraints that must be satisfied over a period of time. Traditional schedulability analysis only works for the former kind of timing properties. It is not effective in verifying time-series constraints over a period of time. This paper presents a hybrid approach that combines the traditional schedulability analysis of the design and the monitoring of timing constraint satisfaction during prototype execution based on a time-series temporal logic. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated with a prototype of the fish farm control system software. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM drusinsky@nps.navy.mil; shing@nps.navy.mil NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1074-6005 BN 0-7695-1943-1 J9 P IEEE RAP SYST PROT PY 2003 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1109/IWRSP.2003.1207029 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW96R UT WOS:000183792000007 ER PT S AU Young, P Chaki, N Berzins, V Luqi AF Young, P Chaki, N Berzins, V Luqi BE Werner, B TI Evaluation of middleware architectures in achieving system interoperability SO 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEMS PROTOTYPING, PROCEEDINGS: SHORTENING THE PATH FROM SPECIFICATION TO PROTOTYPE SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid Systems Prototyping CY JUN 09-11, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc TC Design Automat, IEEE Comp Soc TC Simulat AB The current state-of-the-art for integration of heterogeneous systems involves manually resolving differences in data modeling and mapping for each interface between systems, in an inherently customized manner. The first step in advancing the state-of-the-art is to develop a general model of the interoperation among systems. Keeping this as the broad objective, in this paper we have worked on classification of modeling differences among autonomously developed, heterogeneous systems as differences in what is being modeled (view) and differences in how the modeled information is represented (representation). Further to this, a set of criteria was selected for conducting an evaluation of existing interoperability approaches in order to compare their success in resolving such heterogeneities. These criteria were used to evaluate seven of the leading approaches for achieving interoperability among independently developed systems. The limitations of these approaches against the criteria provided the motivation for subsequent development of a general model of the interoperation among systems, the Federation Interoperability Object Model (ROM) used in the Object-Oriented Method for Interoperability (OOMI), to address these shortcomings [24]. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Young, P (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1074-6005 BN 0-7695-1943-1 J9 P IEEE RAP SYST PROT PY 2003 BP 108 EP 116 DI 10.1109/IWRSP.2003.1207037 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW96R UT WOS:000183792000015 ER PT S AU Luqi Shing, M Puett, J Berzins, V Guan, Z Qiao, Y Zhang, L Chaki, N Liang, X Ray, W Brown, M Floodeen, D AF Luqi Shing, M Puett, J Berzins, V Guan, Z Qiao, Y Zhang, L Chaki, N Liang, X Ray, W Brown, M Floodeen, D BE Werner, B TI Comparative rapid prototyping, a case study SO 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEMS PROTOTYPING, PROCEEDINGS: SHORTENING THE PATH FROM SPECIFICATION TO PROTOTYPE SE IEEE International Symposium on Rapid System Prototyping LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid Systems Prototyping CY JUN 09-11, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc TC Design Automat, IEEE Comp Soc TC Simulat AB This paper presents a case study that explores the effectiveness of parallel conceptualization efforts to expose potential requirements issues in rapid prototyping. The case study consists of developing and comparing five design alternatives to model the safety-critical computer assisted resuscitation algorithm (CARA) software for a casualty intravenous fluid infusion pump using a set of computer aided Software Engineering Automated Tools (SEA-Tools). The protolyping effort showed that users can efficiently create / modify multiple parallel models and reason about their complexity using SEATools. The study also illustrates the usefulness of comparative rapid prototyping to identifying strengths and weaknesses of alternative designs, improving the final result. The case study also exposed numerous omissions and discrepancies in the requirements document and highlighted useful future enhancements for SEA Tools. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM luqi@nps.navy.mil; shing@nps.navy.mil; jfpuett@nps.navy.mil; berzins@nps.navy.mil; zguan@nps.navy.mil; yqiao@nps.navy.mil; lzhang@nps.navy.mil; nchaki@nps.navy.mil; xliang@nps.navy.mil; wjray@nps.navy.mil; mlbrown@nps.navy.mil; dlfloode@nps.navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1074-6005 BN 0-7695-1943-1 J9 P IEEE RAP SYST PROT PY 2003 BP 210 EP 217 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW96R UT WOS:000183792000028 ER PT S AU Liang, X Puett, J Luqi AF Liang, X Puett, J Luqi BE Werner, B TI Synthesizing approach for perspective-based architecture design SO 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEMS PROTOTYPING, PROCEEDINGS: SHORTENING THE PATH FROM SPECIFICATION TO PROTOTYPE SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid Systems Prototyping CY JUN 09-11, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc TC Design Automat, IEEE Comp Soc TC Simulat AB Architecture is recognized as a critical aspect in the successful development and evolution of software-intensive systems. Explicitly architecting such systems inevitably involves establishing consensus among different stakeholders' concerns. Unfortunately, there are few established approaches for rapidly prototyping architecture to identify key architectural components during the early stakeholder requirements resolution phases of software design. This paper presents an approach for developing a perspective-based architectural design (PBAD) using rapid prototyping. The approach relies on explicit architecting and system composition to provide a set of rules governing the system composition from coarser-grained components. The approach establishes mappings between perspective designs of recurring architectural facilities that implement compositional patterns. Finally, it provides a rationale for treating dependability as a set of semantic constraints localized on compositional patterns. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Software Engn Automat Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Liang, X (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Software Engn Automat Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1074-6005 BN 0-7695-1943-1 J9 P IEEE RAP SYST PROT PY 2003 BP 218 EP 225 DI 10.1109/IWRSP.2003.1207051 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW96R UT WOS:000183792000029 ER PT S AU Meadows, C AF Meadows, C BE Martin, D TI A procedure for verifying security against type confusion attacks SO 16TH IEEE COMPUTER SECURITY FOUNDATIONS WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE COMPUTER SECURITY FOUNDATIONS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE Computer Security Foundations Workshop CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2003 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TC Secur & Privacy AB A type confusion attack is one in which a principal accepts data of one type as data of another. Although it has been shown by Heather et al. that there are simple formatting conventions that will guarantee that protocols are free from simple type confusions in which fields of one type are substituted for fields of another, it is not clear how well they defend against more complex attacks, or against attacks arising from interaction with protocols that are formatted according to different conventions. In this paper we show how type confusion attacks can arise in realistic situations even when the types are explicitly defined in at least some of the messages, using examples from our recent analysis of the Group Domain of Interpretation,ion protocol. We then develop a formal model of types that can capture potential ambiguity of type notation, and outline a procedure for determining whether or not the types of two messages can be confused. This work extends our earlier work on the subject in that it includes an explicit model of attacker and defender and extends the informal model of the type confusion attack in terms of a game between an intruder and a set of honest principals in or earlier work to a more formal model in which actions of intruder and honest principals are described explicitly. This gives us a simpler, more intuitive approach that allows us to calculate probabilities in a more systematic manner, and to compare different intruder strategies and different assumptions about the way in which the protocol is implemented in terms of their effects on type confusion. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meadows, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5543, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6900 BN 0-7695-1927-X J9 P IEEE CSFW PY 2003 BP 62 EP 72 DI 10.1109/CSFW.2003.1212705 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BX21E UT WOS:000184614500005 ER PT S AU Wulf, EA Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA Kurfess, JD Phlips, BF AF Wulf, EA Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA Kurfess, JD Phlips, BF BE Metzler, S TI Germanium strip detector compton telescope using three dimensional readout SO 2002 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) CY NOV 10-16, 2002 CL NORFOLK, VA SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE compton telescope; compton scattering; semiconductor detector AB Compton telescopes using two germanium strip detectors with depth resolution have been demonstrated at the Naval Research Lab. Depth resolution allows interactions to be located to less than 1 mm, down from 1 cm with no depth resolution, which improves the imaging resolution of the telescope substantially. Compton images and reconstructed energy spectra of events in which gamma rays interact three times in the two detectors but did not deposit their full energy (i.e. Three-Compton) are examined. Finally, the multiple modes of the system including a standard Compton telescope and a Three-Compton telescope are compared. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wulf, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-7636-6 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2003 BP 57 EP 61 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BX56R UT WOS:000185702500016 ER PT S AU Phlips, BF Kroeger, RA Kurfess, JD Johnson, WN AF Phlips, BF Kroeger, RA Kurfess, JD Johnson, WN BE Metzler, S TI Small animal PET imaging with germanium strip detectors SO 2002 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) CY NOV 10-16, 2002 CL NORFOLK, VA SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID RESOLUTION AB We have demonstrated a PET imaging system based on double-sided germanium strip detectors. The demonstration achieved an intrinsic position resolution of 1.35 mm FWHM. This performance was achieved with 2 mm orthogonal strips and a depth sensing capability of 0.5 mm based on timing the pulses at either side of the detector. The system could trigger at energies as low as 15 keV without any image degradation. By selecting events within the 2 keV-wide photopeak, events that scattered within the sampling volume were totally eliminated. If a detector is built with I mm strips, the position resolution for PET imaging will not be dominated by the position resolution of the instrument, but by the range of the positron in the sample. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phlips, BF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-7636-6 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2003 BP 1438 EP 1442 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BX56R UT WOS:000185702500316 ER PT S AU Armstrong, RB AF Armstrong, RB GP IEEE IEEE TI Proposed communications architecture recommendations to enable joint vision 2020 SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB The Mission Information Management (MIM) Communications Architecture provides a framework to develop an integrated space, air, and terrestrial communications network that supports all national security users (DoD, Intelligence Community, and civil), all information domains, and all levels of classification. The architecture provides a basis for developing a communications investment strategy to satisfy Joint Vision 2020 imperatives. The architecture framework consists of an integrated, internetted high capacity space backbone, high capacity terrestrial gateways, fiber entry points, airborne communications nodes, and software programmable tactical terminals that are handheld or embedded on weapons platforms. Dynamic routing, prioritization, and bandwidth allocation in space, air, and terrestrial layers ties the architecture together, eliminates stovepipes. An NSSA led Architecture Development Team comprised of thirty stakeholder organizations developed the architecture and a set of proposed recommendations for presentation to the NSSA Senior Steering Group.(1). C1 USN, Natl Secur Space Architect, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Armstrong, RB (reprint author), USN, Natl Secur Space Architect, 11242 Waples Mill Rd, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 1187 EP 1193 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700120 ER PT S AU Gilbreath, GC Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Swingen, L Oh, E Meehan, T Goetz, P AF Gilbreath, GC Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Swingen, L Oh, E Meehan, T Goetz, P GP IEEE IEEE TI Real-time 1550 nm retromodulated video link SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB We report an eye-safe, 1550 nm, retromodulated infrared data link which supports real-time color video. The retromodulated link was 2 meters in the lab and supported 3 Mbps and 30 frames per second using wavelet compression. The device consumes about 75-100 mW and is 10 grams, mounted. We will show a video sequence from the test. We will also discuss future plans for the device. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gilbreath, GC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 1791 EP 1797 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700181 ER PT S AU Goetz, PG Rabinovich, WS Meehan, TJ Katzer, DS Binari, SC Funk, EE Gilbreath, GC Mahon, R Swingen, L Rende, J Waluschka, E Lepore, G Phan, A AF Goetz, PG Rabinovich, WS Meehan, TJ Katzer, DS Binari, SC Funk, EE Gilbreath, GC Mahon, R Swingen, L Rende, J Waluschka, E Lepore, G Phan, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Modulating retroreflector implementation of MIL-STD-1553 protocol with free-space optics SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB A modulating retroreflector (MRR) is used for a free-space optics (FSO) implementation of the MIL-STD- 1553 protocol. A multiple quantum well (MQW) pi-n structure is used for a single device that acts both as a modulator for transmitting data and as a photodiode for receiving data. A master node and two slave nodes with cat's eye retroreflectors were designed using COTS optics. Two-way communication using the 1553 protocol is demonstrated at a separation of 3 meters, using widely available 980 nm pump lasers. The link was closed using only 15 mW of laser light. We have also demonstrated a coherent receiver to increase sensitivity and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) to enhance the data rate of a bandwidth-limited MRR. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goetz, PG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5650,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 1799 EP 1808 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700182 ER PT S AU Korwan, DR Bowles, J Davis, CO Bisset, P Kohler, D Chen, W AF Korwan, DR Bowles, J Davis, CO Bisset, P Kohler, D Chen, W GP IEEE IEEE TI Recent improvements to NRL's Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low Light Spectroscopy SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink ID CALIBRATION AB The Naval Research Laboratory has been developing the Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low Light Spectroscopy (PHILLS) system for the last 8 years. The latest system is called the Ocean PHILLS and it was designed primarily for work in the coastal ocean area. The Navy is interested in the optical properties of the water particularly bathymetry, water clarity, bottom type, etc. In addition, the measured water properties are used as input into various predictive models. The pushbroom imaging system has a backside illuminated CCD, for high QE in the blue, and an Offner designed spectrograph, for low image distortion. The system covers approximately 400 to 1000 nm with a band spacing of 1.2, 4.6 or 9.2 nm depending on settings. Ground positioning is accomplished by using an integrated GPS/INS system. The systems are designed using commercial off-the-shelf components in order to be relatively inexpensive. Because of this several of these systems are now in use by the Navy and are flown on a variety of aircraft for a range of applications. This paper highlights recent improvements in the instruments and instrument performance, and discusses some of the recent experiments and future planned deployments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Korwan, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7212,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 1855 EP 1861 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700188 ER PT S AU Schaum, A Stocker, A AF Schaum, A Stocker, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Linear chromodynamics models for hyperspectral target detection SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB The most effective hyperspectral (HS) detection techniques rely on some knowledge of target spectra. However, translating laboratory signatures (reflectivity or emissivity) into accurate estimates of remotely sensed spectra is a daunting task without the use of vicarious calibration sources artificially implanted in a scene. It is, on the other hand, more feasible to predict how a signature changes over time, if its source remains situated within a single geographic area that is sensed at two times. Here we develop a family of transforms, called Covariance Equalization (CE), for estimating signature evolution using only the "before" and "after" statistics of an ensemble of HS measurements. CE derives from a linear model of the temporal development of terrestrial background spectra-of natural chromodynamics. The minimum mean squared error solution to the corresponding estimation problem (matrix Wiener filter) depends on cross-correlations between the measurements, knowledge of which requires pixel-level image registration. CE transforms are designed to approximate this optimal solution, without depending on cross-correlations. The resulting estimators, when applied to a full image, effect color-constancy in the sense of preserving all first- and second-order statistics. The CE family is useful in many multivariate problems, for matching two point sets without use of point to point correspondences. The details of the application determine which member is most appropriate. Here we describe one choice that has worked well in HS imaging problems, and another for multi-modal or -temporal spatial imaging problems. Preliminary tests of the spectral version on remotely sensed HS data indicate that it performs indistinguishably from the optimal method, while obviating the latter's stressing registration requirement. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 1879 EP 1885 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700191 ER PT S AU Rowe, EG Johnson, MH Giannopoulos, EH AF Rowe, EG Johnson, MH Giannopoulos, EH GP IEEE IEEE TI Classification of harmonic sets SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB In this paper we consider the extraction of harmonic structure from a set of observed signal frequencies. Starting from first principles, we derive a density function to determine the probability that an arbitrary frequency belongs to a given harmonic family. Probabilistic figures of merit are developed to measure the goodness of fit for a proposed harmonic family. Using extreme value analysis, we demonstrate how to build and improve harmonic data sets. The derived harmonic structure and its resulting set of fundamental frequencies, as well as the observed frequencies which are unrelated to the derived structure may then be used as features in detection/classification/tracking or recognition schemes. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Adv SONAR Technol Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Rowe, EG (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Adv SONAR Technol Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 2097 EP 2103 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700208 ER PT S AU Lynch, RS Willett, PK AF Lynch, RS Willett, PK GP IEEE IEEE TI Bayesian classification results using data containing missing class labels SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink ID PERFORMANCE AB In this paper, the Mean-Field Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm has been extended to adaptively train on data containing missing values. In the basic data model for this algorithm each feature vector of a given class contains a class-labeling feature. That is, while training on a data set the Mean-Field Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm labels the unlabeled adapted data, while simultaneously determining those features that provide best classification performance. This has the benefit of improving performance by reducing the data to mitigate the effects of the curse of dimensionality. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Lynch, RS (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Code 8212, Newport, RI 02841 USA. OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 2105 EP 2111 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700209 ER PT S AU Zhang, XL Carpenter, KG Lyon, RG Huet, H Marzouk, J Solyar, G AF Zhang, XL Carpenter, KG Lyon, RG Huet, H Marzouk, J Solyar, G GP IEEE IEEE TI The Ffizeau Interferometer Testbed SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink ID PHASE RETRIEVAL; OPTICS AB The Fizeau Interferometer Testbed (FIT) is a collaborative effort between NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, the Naval Research Laboratory, Sigma Space Corporation, and the University of Maryland. The testbed will be used to explore the principles of and the requirements for the full, as well as the pathfinder, Stellar Imager mission concept. It has a long term goal of demonstrating closed-loop control of a sparse array of numerous articulated mirrors to keep optical beams in phase and optimize interferometric synthesis imaging. In this paper we present the optical and data acquisition system design of the testbed, and discuss the wavefront sensing and control algorithms to be used. Currently we have completed the initial design and hardware procurement for the FIT. The assembly and testing of the Testbed will be underway at Goddard's Instrument Development Lab in the coming months. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhang, XL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 2181 EP 2189 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700216 ER PT S AU Lovellette, MN Campbell, A Clark, K Wood, KS Wood, DL Ross, A Beall, JH Clifford, G AF Lovellette, MN Campbell, A Clark, K Wood, KS Wood, DL Ross, A Beall, JH Clifford, G GP IEEE IEEE TI Implications of the different classes of exceptions experienced during the COTS processor test flight on the ARGOS satellite SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB The Advanced Space Computing and Autonomy Testbed on the ARGOS Satellite provided the first direct, on orbit comparison of a modem radiation hardened 32 bit processor with a similar COTS processor. This paper describes the experiments in radiation effects testing and fault tolerant software that were performed on ARGOS, correlates the result with ground testing and similar programs, and provides the authors' best estimates of the causes of error and advice on how to design processors for future systems that provide maximum leverage of state-of-the-art COTS components with acceptable operation in a radiation environment. Interesting observations include a higher then expected error rate from the RAD-hard processor system, and acceptable error rates from the COTS system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lovellette, MN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 2481 EP 2491 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700246 ER PT S AU Schoppert, TC Means, KH AF Schoppert, TC Means, KH GP IEEE IEEE TI Dynamic model of store/rack interface reactions SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB This research demonstrated the ability to predict the reaction loads transmitted to an aircraft bomb rack due to the inertial forces acting on an external store relying only on store mass properties, accelerometer data and geometry. Once theoretical equations were developed, a full-scale static ground test was conducted to provide data for model verification and refinement. Flight test data for final validation were accumulated during a carrier suitability flight test program conducted at the Naval Air Warfare Center, Patuxent River, Maryland on an F-14 aircraft with instrumented BRU-32/A bomb ejector rack and a GBU-24B/B 2,000-lb. bomb. In the 300 milliseconds following arrestment, forces and moments up to 15,000 lbs. and 150,000 in-lbs, respectively, were calculated at the store CG. Compared to the measured data, agreement was found in form and magnitude for the calculated interface reactions. Critical lug and swaybrace rod reactions averaged less than 9% absolute error. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20653 USA. RP Schoppert, TC (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20653 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 2725 EP 2743 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700271 ER PT S AU Carico, D AF Carico, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Modeling the tiltrotor shipboard flight test environment SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB The shipboard flight test environment can present a hostile scenario to both conventional rotorcraft and tiltrotor aircraft. The aircraft configuration is not typically optimized for the ship airwake turbulence, ship motion, or the confined landing area factors that make shipboard operational requirements unique. Recent tiltrotor control difficulties were encountered during aircraft testing operations aboard an amphibious class ship. It is important to determine the effects of the primary shipboard landing parameters to help support future at-sea testing. Ongoing analytic efforts are required to evaluate the effect of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ship airwake model on blade element tiltrotor aircraft models for the shipboard landing task. Air vehicle model tradeoffs required to achieve a real time capability need to be evaluated. This paper reviews the set-up of a tiltrotor blade element model, initial model validation and real time piloted shipboard landing simulation, plus assessment of the analytic model capability to support future rotorcraft/ship. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Test & Evaluat Engn, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Carico, D (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Test & Evaluat Engn, Code AIR 4-11-3-2, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 2745 EP 2751 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700272 ER PT S AU Fahroo, F Doman, DB Ngo, AD AF Fahroo, F Doman, DB Ngo, AD GP IEEE IEEE TI Modeling issues in footprint generation for reusable launch vehicles SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB Rapid and accurate generation of footprints for reusable launch vehicles is an important component of mission design in case of an aborted flight condition. The basic problem is formulated as finding the maximum cross range for any down range position for different heading angles. Traditional methods for solving these optimal control problems rely on deriving and solving the necessary conditions from the Minimum Principle. Since solving these conditions for the frill 3 degree-of-freedom model with rotating Earth is difficult, some simplifications in the dynamic model were made. Traditionally, footprints are generated using energy-state approximations to simplify the underlying equations of motion, or using approximate control laws such as Vinh's law. In this work, a new approach using a direct Legendre pseudospectral method is used to discretize and parameterize the optimal control problem directly to a nonlinear programming problem. For a generic vehicle model both the reduced state model and the full-state model are discretized using the same technique and the results are compared. Comparisons are also made between the approximate and optimal laws in their respective trajectories and footprints. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fahroo, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Code MA-Ff, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 2791 EP 2799 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700277 ER PT S AU Westervelt, K AF Westervelt, K GP IEEE IEEE TI Common Built-In-Test evaluation criteria SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB Common Built-In-Test (BIT) evaluation criteria are needed for aircraft weapons systems to ensure Development Test (DT) agencies calculate BIT performance in the same manner as Operational Test (OT) activities. Consistency between DT and OT is necessary to ensure that DT understands the operational implication of BIT indications and the effect of these indications on fleet maintainers and aircraft availability. Currently, the BIT metrics and their definitions are well defined; however, the criterion for scoring BIT indications as relevant for BIT fault detection, BIT fault isolation, or BIT false alarms is not well documented in Department of Defense instructions or in military or commercial standards. Several Naval aircraft platforms have addressed BIT scoring ground rules, as they apply to the individual platform; however, there are no general guidelines for this purpose. In addition, the maintenance concept of the aircraft and how the BIT indications are mechanized to support this concept needs to be integrated into the BIT evaluation criteria for each weapon system. Depending on the maintenance concept (i.e., fault isolation to the Weapons Replaceable Assembly (WRA) or Shop Replaceable Assembly (SRA)), the BIT reporting scheme and its human-machine interface design would need to be thoroughly considered when scoring the BIT indications during testing. Furthermore, a database that is tailored to the BIT reporting scheme will be essential for determining BIT performance. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how BIT is generally utilized in Naval aviation, to define common BIT definitions, to provide guidelines for scoring BIT indications, and to provide guidance on re-scoring indications when corrective actions are implemented to correct deficiencies. C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Westervelt, K (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Hangar 109,Suite 2A,22474 James Rd,Unit 1, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 3149 EP 3156 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700315 ER PT S AU Stack, JR Habetler, TG Harley, RG AF Stack, JR Habetler, TG Harley, RG GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Bearing fault detection via autoregressive stator current modeling SO 2003 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3: CROSSROADS TO INNOVATIONS SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE bearings (mechanical); condition monitoring; fault diagnosis; vibration ID MOTOR; ROTOR AB This research proposes a method for detecting developing bearing faults via stator current. Current-based condition monitoring offers significant economic savings and implementation advantages over vibration-based techniques. This method begins by filtering the stator current to remove most of the significant frequency content unrelated to bearing faults. Afterwards, the filtered stator current is used to train an autoregressive signal model. This model is first trained while the bearings are healthy, and a baseline spectrum is computed. As bearing health degrades, the modeled spectrum deviates from its baseline value; the mean spectral deviation is then used as the fault index. This fault index is able to track changes in machine vibration due to developing bearing faults. Due to the initial filtering process, this method is robust to many influences including variations in supply voltage, cyclical load torque variations, and other (non-bearing) fault sources. Experimental results from 10 different bearings are used to verify the proficiency of this method. C1 USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Stack, JR (reprint author), USN, Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Hwy 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-7883-0 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2003 BP 1352 EP 1359 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BY14W UT WOS:000187891400199 ER PT B AU Welch, TB Ives, RW Morrow, MG Wright, CHG AF Welch, TB Ives, RW Morrow, MG Wright, CHG GP IEEE IEEE TI Using DSP hardware to teach modem design and analysis techniques SO 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL III, PROCEEDINGS: IMAGE & MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING SIGNAL, PROCESSING EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY APR 06-10, 2003 CL HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB While many communication topics are difficult for undergraduate students to internalize, demonstrations and laboratory experiences have been shown to greatly stimulate the learning process. This paper describes a highly successful combination of theory, demonstrations, lab exercises, and real-time DSP experiences using MATLAB and the Texas Instruments C6711 digital signal processing starter kit. This approach, when also combined with state-of-the-art measurement equipment, has proven highly successful in reinforcing modem design and analysis techniques. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Welch, TB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7663-3 PY 2003 BP 769 EP 772 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX48C UT WOS:000185390600193 ER PT S AU Bachmann, ER Yun, XP McKinney, D McGhee, RB Zyda, MJ AF Bachmann, ER Yun, XP McKinney, D McGhee, RB Zyda, MJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Design and implementation of MARG sensors for 3-DOF orientation measurement of rigid bodies SO 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY SEP 14-19, 2003 CL TAIPEI, TAIWAN SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Natl Sci Council, Minist Educ, Chinese Inst Automat Engineers, Ind Technol Res Inst, TECO Elect & Machinery Co Ltd, Met Ind Res & Dev Ctr AB This paper presents the latest design and implementation of the Magnetic, Angular Rate, and Gravity (MARG) sensor module. The MARG sensor module is designed for measuring 3-DOF orientations in real time without singularities. Each MARG sensor contains orthogonally mounted triads of micromachined rate sensors, accelerometers, and magnetometers for a total of nine sensor components. With an integrated microcontroller, the overall form factor is less than one cubic inch. Digital data output rate is 100 Hz. To simplify calibration procedures and filtering algorithms, it is important that the response of the individual sensor components is linear within the typical operating regions.. Experiments were conducted utilizing a precision tilt table and results indicate that all the sensor components are linear. A simple hand calibration method that requires no specialized equipment is also described. It was validated by experiments that indicate hand calibration produces results that are nearly equivalent to those obtained following precision tilt table calibration. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Moves Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yun, XP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Moves Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-7736-2 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2003 BP 1171 EP 1178 PG 8 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BY05H UT WOS:000187419900188 ER PT B AU Ancona, MG Boos, JB Papanicolaou, N Chang, W Bennett, BR Park, D AF Ancona, MG Boos, JB Papanicolaou, N Chang, W Bennett, BR Park, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Modeling gate leakage in InAs/AlSb HEMTs SO 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIMULATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSES AND DEVICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc DE component; InAs/AlSb HEMTs; density gradient theory; gate leakage; Type II heterojunctions; non-parabolicity ID ALSB/INAS HEMTS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SIMULATION AB To simulate gate leakage in InAs/AlSb HEMTs, we create a detailed model within the framework of density gradient theory that incorporates the entire InAs/AlSb heterostructure, the quantum confinement and non-parabolicity effects in the InAs well and generation/recombination at the Type II InAs/AlSb heterojunction (via both the spatially indirect hand-to-hand process and interface traps). Each of these ingredients is described individually and they are then put together as a model of gate leakage. Comparisons of preliminary leakage simulations with experiment suggest that interface traps are essential for understanding the behavior especially at low voltages. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ancona, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7826-1 PY 2003 BP 295 EP 298 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BX55G UT WOS:000185660800073 ER PT S AU Lynch, RS Willett, PK AF Lynch, RS Willett, PK GP IEEE IEEE TI Classifier fusion results using various open literature data sets SO 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC 03) CY OCT 05-08, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE, Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE supervised learning; missing data; feature and decision level fusion AB In this paper, classification performance results are demonstrated for various data sets found at the University of California at Irvine's (UCI) Repository of Machine Learning Databases. In this case, emphasis is placed on illustrating the combined effect that both feature level and classifier decision fusion has on improving overall performance for each of the data sets. Several different types of classifiers are trained using the UCI data sets. Results are shown by estimating the probability of error on independent evaluation data using cross-validation. Classifier fusion is based on majority voting and the Mean-Field BDRA. Results demonstrate that for a given data set relative performance of the various classifier types differs greatly, and that the estimated probability of error for the fused classifier, based on the Mean-Field BDRA, is lower than the best performing individual feature based classifier. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI USA. RP Lynch, RS (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI USA. OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-7952-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2003 BP 723 EP 728 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BX83D UT WOS:000186578600118 ER PT S AU Perzanowski, D Brock, D Adams, W Bugajska, M Schultz, AC Trafton, JG Blisard, S Skubic, M AF Perzanowski, D Brock, D Adams, W Bugajska, M Schultz, AC Trafton, JG Blisard, S Skubic, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Finding the FOO A pilot study for a multimodal interface SO 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC 03) CY OCT 05-08, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE, Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE dynamic autonomy; gesture; human-robot interaction; intelligent communication; intelligent systems; mixed-initiative; multimodal interface; natural language; Wizard-of-Oz AB In our research on intuitive means for humans and intelligent, mobile robots to collaborate, we use a multimodal interface that supports speech and gestural inputs. As a preliminary step to evaluate our approach and to identify practical areas for future work, we conducted a Wizard-of-Oz pilot study with five participants who each collaborated with a robot on a search task in a separate room. The goal was to find a sign in the robot's environment with the word "FOO" printed on it. Using a subset of our multimodal interface, participants were told to direct the collaboration. As their subordinate, the robot would understand their utterances and gestures, and recognize objects and structures in the search space. Participants conversed with the robot through a wireless microphone and headphone and, for gestural input, used a touch screen displaying alternative views of the robot's environment to indicate locations and objects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Perzanowski, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-7952-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2003 BP 3218 EP 3223 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BX83D UT WOS:000186578600526 ER PT B AU Bachmann, ER Yun, XP McGhee, RB AF Bachmann, ER Yun, XP McGhee, RB GP IEEE IEEE TI Sourceless tracking of human posture using small inertial/magnetic sensors SO 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS I-III, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation CY JUL 16-20, 2003 CL KOBE, JAPAN SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc DE motion tracking; IMU; inertial; complementary filtering; magnetic ID NAVIGATION; SYSTEM AB Human body posture can be tracked in real-time using small inexpensive inertial/magnetic sensor modules to measure the orientation of individual limb segments. To perform this task inertial/magnetic sensors generally contain three orthogonally mounted angular rate sensors, three orthogonally mounted accelerometers and three orthogonally mounted magnetometers. These sensors must be small and light enough to be securely attached to major limb segments and avoid user encumbrance. Sensor data must be processed by an efficient filtering algorithm that is able to produce accurate orientation estimates without singularities in all attitudes and does not require still periods to correct for drift. This paper discusses the design of a sourceless body tracking system with an emphasis on sensor and efficient filter design. Various methods for mitigating small transient orientation errors due to variability in the direction of the local magnetic field vector are also described. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bachmaer@muohio.edu NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7866-0 PY 2003 BP 822 EP 829 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BX38Q UT WOS:000185096600142 ER PT S AU Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Kim, CS Kim, M Canedy, CL Lindle, JR Meyer, JR Echternach, PM Muller, R Yang, RQ Kaspi, R AF Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Kim, CS Kim, M Canedy, CL Lindle, JR Meyer, JR Echternach, PM Muller, R Yang, RQ Kaspi, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers: Experiment and theory SO 2003 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL TUCSON, AZ SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7888-1 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2003 BP 581 EP 582 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BY23D UT WOS:000188359700293 ER PT S AU Funk, EE Urick, VJ Strutz, SJ Dexter, JL Williams, KJ AF Funk, EE Urick, VJ Strutz, SJ Dexter, JL Williams, KJ BE Thal, H TI 110 km 256-QAM digital microwave over fiber link SO 2003 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 08-13, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE MTT S AB A 110 km digital microwave fiber-optic link has been designed and demonstrated with 256 QAM at 20 GHz. The design approach, involving the management of loss, dispersion, and Brillouin threshold throughout the link is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Funk, EE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-7695-1 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2003 BP 269 EP 272 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BX04J UT WOS:000184045100061 ER PT S AU Krowne, CM Daniel, M AF Krowne, CM Daniel, M BE Thal, H TI Electronic aspects of propagation in left-handed guided wave structures: Electromagnetic-media interactions SO 2003 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 08-13, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE MTT S ID PHOTONIC BAND-GAP; NEGATIVE INDEX; REFRACTION AB Dispersion diagrams and magnetic and electric field distributions are found for a microstrip structure containing a left-handed medium (LHM). The material constituting the LHM making the substrate has characteristics chosen to overlap with potentially realizable substances. Calculations are done using a fast solver Green's function spectral domain computer code. It is found that the dispersion diagrams and field distributions are very unusual and admit the possibility of completely new device realizations based on combining LHM with conventional materials in a multi-layered configuration. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Tech Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Tech Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-7695-1 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2003 BP 309 EP 312 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BX04J UT WOS:000184045100070 ER PT S AU Qiu, J Abe, D Antonsen, TM Danly, BG Levush, B AF Qiu, J Abe, D Antonsen, TM Danly, BG Levush, B BE Thal, H TI Calibration of a gigahertz-bandwidth vector signal generation and analysis system SO 2003 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 08-13, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE MTT S AB The calibration procedure for a vector signal generation and analysis system with over 1.6 GHz Bandwidth is described. To achieve the desired bandwidth, two software filters (a prefilter and it postfilter) are used to correct the non-uniform frequency responses in the system. We describe techniques for obtaining the response functions of both the signal generator and the signal analyzer. The measured response functions are used to construct the filters to achieve the flat frequency response. Finally a 1-Gsymbol/s 32-QAM raised-cosine-filtered waveform is generated to demonstrate the application of the system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qiu, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-7695-1 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2003 BP 1659 EP 1662 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BX04J UT WOS:000184045100440 ER PT B AU Ericsen, T AF Ericsen, T GP IEEE IEEE TI Advanced Electrical Power Systems (AEPS) thrust at the Office of Naval Research SO 2003 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUL 13-17, 2003 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE Power Engn Soc C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Ericsen, T (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7989-6 PY 2003 BP 105 EP 105 DI 10.1109/PES.2003.1267143 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BY07E UT WOS:000187500300035 ER PT B AU Hatfield, MO Pluim, WP Price, W AF Hatfield, MO Pluim, WP Price, W GP IEEE IEEE TI Investigation into IN-SITU shielding effectiveness testing of transport aircraft SO 2003 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, SYMPOSIUM RECORD, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC 2003) CY AUG 18-22, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE EMC Soc, Rhode & Schwarz, Curtis Strauss LLC, Sigrity, ETS Lindgren, Murata Elect, NA Inc, Dexter Magnet, Gateway Comp, Int Certificat Serv, Opt Filters, TUV Amer DE shielding effectiveness; transfer function; reverberation chamber; transport aircraft AB This paper reviews a research effort to identify, develop, validate, and document an approach for conducting in situ electromagnetic shielding effectiveness testing of commercial aircraft. The goal was to measure transfer functions over as wide a spectrum as possible with the range from 100 MHz to 10 GHz being considered a minimum for success. The method developed decreased the cost of such testing with respect to current test methods and does not require special facilities, unusual test equipment, remote sites, or alteration of the aircraft. In addition, the method is applicable to aircraft in production, maintenance or deployment. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Hatfield, MO (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7835-0 PY 2003 BP 414 EP 418 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BX56M UT WOS:000185677200080 ER PT B AU Chen, VC Lipps, R Bottoms, M AF Chen, VC Lipps, R Bottoms, M GP IEEE TI Advanced synthetic aperture radar imaging and feature analysis SO 2003 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Radar CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP CSSIP, IEEE, S Australia Sect DE synthetic aperture radar; image formation; ISAR imaging; SAR GMTI; radar micro-Doppler AB In this paper, we review and discuss advanced algorithms for synthetic aperture radar image formation, the effect of motion perturbation on radar imaging, synthetic aperture radar imaging of ground moving targets, and micro-Doppler feature analysis. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7870-9 PY 2003 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2003.1278704 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BY60J UT WOS:000189418900004 ER PT B AU Gerlach, K AF Gerlach, K GP IEEE TI Efficient reiterative censoring of robust STAP using the FRACTA algorithm SO 2003 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Radar CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP CSSIP, IEEE, S Australia Sect AB This paper presents further developments of the FRACTA algorithm [1,2] which has been shown to be robust to nonhomogeneous environments containing outliers. The focus here is on the efficient implementation of the FRACTA algorithm. The key development is a censoring stopping mechanism whereby the number of reiterative steps can be minimized and computation is reduced. We introduce a data-dependent stopping rule that demonstrates excellent results as evidenced by the detection of targets in the KASSPER challenge data cube. We also present some other enhancements to the FRACTA algorithm that further improve both efficiency and performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7870-9 PY 2003 BP 57 EP 61 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2003.1278710 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BY60J UT WOS:000189418900010 ER PT B AU Blunt, SD Gerlach, K AF Blunt, SD Gerlach, K GP IEEE TI A novel pulse compression scheme based on minimum mean-square error reiteration SO 2003 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Radar CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP CSSIP, IEEE, S Australia Sect ID CODES AB This paper presents an alternative approach to pulse compression that is based upon iterative Minimum Mean-Square Error (MMSE) estimation. It is similar to the well-known least squares (LS) approach but does not suffer from the adverse effects caused by scatterers closer than some nominal range. This results in a more robust estimate of the radar returns while maintaining nearly the same sidelobe level. Furthermore, the proposed pulse compression scheme is highly parallelizable in range and therefore can be computed efficiently. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7870-9 PY 2003 BP 349 EP 353 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2003.1278765 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BY60J UT WOS:000189418900064 ER PT B AU Thomason, JF AF Thomason, JF GP IEEE TI Development of over-the-horizon radar in the United States SO 2003 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Radar CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP CSSIP, IEEE, S Australia Sect ID ALTITUDE AB This paper provides a chronology of the development of high-frequency, over-the-horizon radar in the United States. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thomason, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7870-9 PY 2003 BP 599 EP 601 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2003.1278809 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BY60J UT WOS:000189418900108 ER PT B AU Toporkov, JV Sletten, MA AF Toporkov, JV Sletten, MA GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Simulation of coherent radar backscatter from dynamic sea surfaces SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program ID FORWARD-BACKWARD; ROUGH SURFACES; SCATTERING AB Direct numerical simulations are used to evaluate the properties of sea clutter at low grazing angles. Electromagnetic calculations are based on iterative solution to the frequency-domain integral equation for the surface current. Performing calculations at multiple frequencies and for sequential surface profiles, range-resolved time-varying radar response from the dynamic surface can be simulated. At present, ocean surface is generated using spectral-based slightly non-linear model that accounts for interactions of smaller ripples with longer waves but does not include any wave breaking. The paper addresses the computational aspects of the simulations and discusses initial results of Monte Carlo study of low grazing surface clutter. While calculations have to be limited to a two-dimensional space, they serve as a useful benchmark for analytical models and have direct application for commonly occurring three-dimensional geometries. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Toporkov, JV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1109/DODUGC.2003.1253377 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300010 ER PT B AU Chung, J Parikh, PC AF Chung, J Parikh, PC GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI A computational study of the abrupt wing stall (AWS) characteristics for various fighter jets: Part II, AV-8B & F/A-18C SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program AB This study presents analysis of complicated flow fields around two fighter jets AV-8B and F/A-18C using steady state Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations for an understanding of mechanisms triggering abrupt wing stall (AWS). Comparison of stall characteristics of these two different types of aircraft was one of the objectives of this study. Efforts were also made to derive static figures of merit that may be used as quantitative tools to determine the onset and severity of AWS. A companion paper(1) (Part 1 of the study) addresses a similar CFD study on two other configurations, the pre-production F/A-18E and the F-16C. Results from these studies, as well as other CFD studies were used to recommend CFD procedures for predicting the onset of AWS, a characterization of its severity, and a means to prevent its occurrence in future aircraft design. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Chung, J (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.1109/DODUGC.2003.1253384 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300017 ER PT B AU Kim, KH Gorski, J Miller, R Wilson, R Stern, F Hyman, M Burg, C AF Kim, KH Gorski, J Miller, R Wilson, R Stern, F Hyman, M Burg, C GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Simulation of surface ship dynamics SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program AB This paper presents a summary of the three-year Challenge Project (C68), begun in 2001, with the objective of demonstrating a capability to simulate time-dependent six-degree-of-freedom motions of ships in waves and the associated near-field flow using unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) codes. The efforts involved a team of researchers using two state-of-the-art unsteady RANS codes for a progression of building-block simulations at both model- and full-scales and for practical configurations including detailed resolution of propulsors and appendages. The two RANS codes used for this project are UNCLE, developed at the Mississippi State University, and CFDSHIP-IOWA, developed at the University of Iowa. The three-year efforts have successfully demonstrated a capability to simulate coupled pitch/heave motions, coupled pitch/heave/roll motions, maneuvers in the horizontal plane, and near-field wake, including propeller and viscous effects. The predictive capability demonstrated in this project has clearly paved the way for more challenging computations that involve large-amplitude motions in high sea states for a new generation of naval ships, including surface combatant and other future hull forms. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kim, KH (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 188 EP 199 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300024 ER PT B AU Vosbein, HT AF Vosbein, HT GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Including 3-D effects in 2-D ocean acoustic modeling SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program ID DIFFRACTION AB Detailed computer modeling has conclusively shown that out-of-plane scattering and small-scale bathymetric roughness influence the backscattered acoustic intensity in nontrivial ways for acoustically hard surfaces such as sand, gravel, shells and rock. In this paper, we show that forward scattering of the acoustic signal has similar effects, at least for out-of-plane scattering. Also demonstrated are the results of statistically including the backscatter effects in sonar performance modeling by adjusting the sea floor material parameter presently used in sonar models to account for them. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Vosbein, HT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 286 EP 292 DI 10.1109/DODUGC.2003.1253405 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300037 ER PT B AU Shriver, JF Hurlburt, HE Wallcraft, AJ Rhodes, RC Smedstad, OM AF Shriver, JF Hurlburt, HE Wallcraft, AJ Rhodes, RC Smedstad, OM GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI 1/32 degrees global ocean modeling and prediction SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program ID 1/64-DEGREES RESOLUTION; CURRENT SYSTEM; 1/8-DEGREES; DYNAMICS; IMPACT AB This DoD HPC Challenge project is a crucial component of an effort to develop a data-assimilative 1/32degrees global ocean nowcast/forecast system, which includes the associated basic research and exploratory development. The needfor 1/32degrees resolution (similar to3.5 kin at mid-latitudes) has been demonstrated through extensive research, including essential contributions from our FY97 and FY98-00 DoD HPC Challenge projects. The ocean model, after 30 years of climatological spinup, was rim interannually spanning the period 1979-present. Data assimilation experiments are currently underway. Transition of this system to operational use at the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO) is planned for later in 2003. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Shriver, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 293 EP 298 DI 10.1109/DODUGC.2003.1253406 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300038 ER PT B AU Metzger, EJ Hogan, PJ Wallcraft, AJ Hurlburt, HE Chassignet, EP Smedstad, OM AF Metzger, EJ Hogan, PJ Wallcraft, AJ Hurlburt, HE Chassignet, EP Smedstad, OM GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Basin-scale ocean prediction with the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program ID DATA ASSIMILATION; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ATLANTIC; NORTH; GYRE AB Eddy-resolving simulations of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans were performed using the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) at 1/12degrees (similar to7 km in mid-latitude) resolution. HYCOM is isopycnal in the open, stratified ocean, but makes a dynamically smooth transition to a terrain-following coordinate in shallow water and to pressure coor-dinates in the mixed layer and/or unstratified regions via the layered continuity equation. This approach retains the advantages that each individual vertical coordinate system offers. After a series of free-running simulations, a data assimilative version of the 1/12degrees Atlantic HYCOM has been developed into a near real-time nowcast/forecast system. Sea surface height analyses of available satellite altimeter data are assimilated into the model A nowcast and a 10-day forecast are produced each week. Near real-time results are available via the HYCOM consortium for data assimilative ocean modeling web page at http://hycom.rsmas.miami.edu. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Metzger, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 299 EP 305 DI 10.1109/DODUGC.2003.1253407 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300039 ER PT B AU Allard, RA Blain, CA Smedstad, LF Keen, T Wallcraft, AJ Barron, CN Dykes, JD Edwards, CR Estrade, BD Bettencourt, M Peggion, G Howington, S Smith, JM Mcbride, WE Signell, RP AF Allard, RA Blain, CA Smedstad, LF Keen, T Wallcraft, AJ Barron, CN Dykes, JD Edwards, CR Estrade, BD Bettencourt, M Peggion, G Howington, S Smith, JM Mcbride, WE Signell, RP GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI High fidelity simulation of littoral environments: Applications and coupling of participating models SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program AB The High Fidelity Simulation of Littoral Environments (HFSoLE) Challenge Project (C75) encompasses a suite of seven oceanographic models capable of exchanging information in a physically meaningful sense across the littoral environment. This project is leveraging and extending state-of-the-art atmospheric, oceanographic, estuarine, riverine, surface water/groundwater, and sediment transport models to provide DoD with the technology capable of rapidly characterizing the littoral environment. Applications of these models include real world scenarios such as predicting the ocean currents off the Spanish Coast after the Prestige oil spill and generating diver visibility maps for the Persian Gulf. These models and their inputs have been finely tuned, tested, analyzed, and coupled with the use of HPC Challenge time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Allard, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI bettencourt, matthew/I-5924-2014; Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008; OI Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613; Allard, Richard/0000-0002-6066-2722 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 306 EP 313 DI 10.1109/DODUGC.2003.1253408 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300040 ER PT B AU Adams, CE Juergens, CK AF Adams, CE Juergens, CK GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Virtual strike warfare environment (VSWE) 9+event SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program AB The Joint Strike Fighter Program Office (dSFPO) uses a Virtual Strike Warfare Environment (VSWE), which consists of model-in-the-loop, human-in-the-loop, and/or hardware-in-the-loop simulators to define F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (dSF) operational scenarios. These events have previously focused on operational requirements definition in the context of air-to-ground (A/G) or air-to-air (A/A) combat using separate pilot-in-the-loop simulation architectures. Additionally, geographically distributed combat simulations of these types were conducted within CONUS only. The VSWE 9+ event objectives were to demonstrate a UK/US simulation environment that will facilitate combined A/A and A/G evaluations of the F-35 aircraft over a distributed wide area network. The primary objectives for this event were satisfied with no visible degradation in performance from the operators' or observers' perspective. The bandwidth requirement of 2 Mbps sustained was adequate for event completion. Distributed operations on the Combined Federated Battle Laboratories Network (CFBLNet) were transparent to similar operations conducted at a single location. The High Performance Computing (HPC) assets provided the necessary processing to host the core simulation software and databases to run the event in real time. The High Level Architecture (HLA) facilitated simulation reuse and interoperability. The VSWE 9+ event demonstrated the capability to reuse and merge two combat simulation environments into a single environment over a wide area network. C1 USN, Air Stn, Air Combat Environm T&E Facil, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Adams, CE (reprint author), USN, Air Stn, Air Combat Environm T&E Facil, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 316 EP 319 DI 10.1109/DODUGC.2003.1253409 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300041 ER PT B AU Simlote, A AF Simlote, A GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Joint Warfare System (JWARS) SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program AB The Joint Warfare System (JWARS) is a campaign-level model of military operations that is currently being developed under contract by the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) for use by OSD, the Joint Staff, the Services, and the War fighting Commands. The behavior of military forces can be simulated from ports of embarkation through to their activities in combat. The Aircraft Stimulation Division (NAVAIR 5.1.6) seeks to become the Navy's premiere provider of full range of services to the JWARS community. NAVAIR will leverage HPC's secure computing power, its knowledgebase and infrastructure to serve as powerhouse for JWARS users. JWARS allows multiple users to setup and execute simulations simultaneously; this will require immense computing power backed by HPC. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Simlote, A (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 325 EP 329 DI 10.1109/DODUGC.2003.1253411 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300043 ER PT B AU Anderson, W Rosenberg, R Lanzagorta, M AF Anderson, W Rosenberg, R Lanzagorta, M GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Experiences using the cray multi-threaded architecture (MTA-2) SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program AB The Naval Research Laboratory has recently installed and is operating a 40-processor Cray Multi-Threaded Architecture (MTA-2) computer. The MTA-2 with its hardware support for multi-threading and large uniformly accessible memory offers a promising new paradigm in parallel computing, especially for large problems. In order to evaluate the machine, four typical applications whose structures would lend themselves to the MTA were selected and evaluated in terms of the level of effort and reprogramming required in contrast to the benefits in running in an MTA environment. The amount of changes required to port the code ranged from very little to a substantial rewrite of portions of the code. Performance improvements ranging from a factor of two to more than 10 over the previous implementations were noted. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Anderson, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 378 EP 383 DI 10.1109/DODUGC.2003.1253421 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300053 ER PT B AU Michael, JB Wingfield, TC Roberts, SE AF Michael, JB Wingfield, TC Roberts, SE GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Homeland security's cyber component: A survey of legal issues SO 27TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference CY NOV 03-06, 2003 CL DALLAS, TX SP IEEE Comp Soc AB In this panel we discuss the legal developments related to the cyber aspects of homeland security. Through analysis of statutes, Executive Orders, and case studies, we highlight the rapid development of a new body of law and its consequences for the government, the private sector, and the public at-large. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Michael, JB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2020-0 PY 2003 BP 24 EP 25 DI 10.1109/CMPSAC.2003.1245317 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BX93S UT WOS:000186891300004 ER PT B AU Luqi Liang, X Zhang, L Berzins, V AF Luqi Liang, X Zhang, L Berzins, V GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Software documentation-driven manufacturing - Viaduct between software engineering and virtual engineering SO 27TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference CY NOV 03-06, 2003 CL DALLAS, TX SP IEEE Comp Soc AB 'Manufacturing in the Computer' denotes the virtual manufacturing vision that fabrication/assembly of any product can be simulated in a computer by a powerful modeling and simulation environment. This paper presents the DDM approach, documentation-driven manufacturing to address the problem of engineering such an environment. The key to DDM is the creation and application of the engineering repository (ER) that supports multiple views for modeling and simulating virtual production in the computer and model control of physical production in the factory, respectively. Both virtual view and physical view are heeded for manufacturing under the support of the ER. The ER tangibly documents virtual parts and make them well organized for use by 'iteration-to-maturity' in the computer. It also provides a means for driving the virtual production from one stage to another throughout the manufacturing process, and for converting documents between virtual view and physical view representation to manage and control the physical production. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Luqi (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2020-0 PY 2003 BP 472 EP 477 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BX93S UT WOS:000186891300068 ER PT B AU Michael, JB Wingfield, TC Wijesekera, D AF Michael, JB Wingfield, TC Wijesekera, D GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Measured responses to cyber attacks using Schmitt Analysis: A case study of attack scenarios for a software-intensive system SO 27TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference CY NOV 03-06, 2003 CL DALLAS, TX SP IEEE Comp Soc AB In this paper we address the development of measured responses to coercive actions. We demonstrate, via a case study of kinetic and cyber attacks on a safety-critical software-intensive system, the application of the Schmitt Analysis to the question of whether the attacks have risen to the level of a "use of force" under international law, taking into account both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the attacks. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bmichael@nps.navy.mil; twingfield@potomacinstitute.org; diwjesek@gmu.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2020-0 PY 2003 BP 622 EP 627 DI 10.1109/CMPSAC.2003.1245406 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BX93S UT WOS:000186891300092 ER PT B AU Schneidewind, NF AF Schneidewind, NF GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Report on results of discriminant analysis experiment SO 27TH ANNUAL NASA GODDARD/IEEE SOFTWARE ENGINEERING WORKSHOP - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual NASA Goddard/IEEE Software Engineering Workshop (SEW-27 2002) CY DEC 05-06, 2002 CL Greenbelt, MD SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Council Software Engn, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Software Engn Lab ID RISK MANAGEMENT AB This is Report #1 in a series of reports on the NASA IV&V Facility Project "Investigation of the Risk to Software Reliability and Maintainability of Requirements Changes". This report covers the discriminate analysis experiment. In order to continue to make progress in software measurement, as it pertains to reliability and maintainability, we must shift the emphasis from design and code metrics to metrics that characterize the risk of making requirements changes. Although these software attributes can be difficult to deal with due to the fuzzy requirements from which they are derived, the advantage of having early indicators of future software problems outweighs this inconvenience. Our case example consists of twenty-four Space Shuttle change requests, nineteen risk factors, and the associated failures and software metrics. The approach can be generalized to other NASA domains with numerical results that would vary according to the application. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Schneidewind, NF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1855-9 PY 2003 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1109/SEW.2002.1199444 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BX82Y UT WOS:000186577600001 ER PT S AU Bender, BA Kim, C Wu, CCM Rayne, RJ AF Bender, BA Kim, C Wu, CCM Rayne, RJ BE Kriven, WM Lin, HT TI Solid freeform fabrication of ceramic PZT tapes: Mechanical and piezoelectric properties SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL COCOA BEACH CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES: B SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Cocoa Beach Conference on Advanced Ceramics Composites CY JAN 26-31, 2003 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Test specimens of lead zirconate titanate (PZT 5A) were fabricated via an automated laminated object manufacturing (LOM) process. Their strength, density, and d(33) piezoelectric coefficient were compared to commercial PZT 5A material and specimens fabricated via LOM without full automation. The strength of these test specimens was stronger than their commercial counterparts. Fractography showed that most of the PZT specimens failed by normal processing flaws and that automation did not introduce any new inherent defects into the solid freeform fabrication process. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bender, BA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6351, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2003 VL 24 IS 4 BP 547 EP 553 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BY46E UT WOS:000189318400080 ER PT B AU Zhao, QY Cook, J Phegley, L Sashegyi, K Xu, Q Harasti, P Frost, M AF Zhao, QY Cook, J Phegley, L Sashegyi, K Xu, Q Harasti, P Frost, M GP AMS TI Assimilation of radar observations into a high-resolution numerical weather analysis and prediction system at NRL SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Zhao, QY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 169 EP 172 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300049 ER PT B AU Harasti, PR AF Harasti, PR GP AMS TI The hurricane volume velocity processing method SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID SINGLE-DOPPLER RADAR C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Onscene Syst Sect,UCAR Visiting Scientist Program, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Harasti, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Onscene Syst Sect,UCAR Visiting Scientist Program, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,MS-2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 1008 EP 1011 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300291 ER PT S AU Butler, JT Sasao, T AF Butler, JT Sasao, T BE Martin, DC TI On the average path length in decision diagrams of multiple-valued functions SO 33RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIPLE-VALUED LOGIC, PROCEEDINGS SE International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic (ISMVL 2003) CY MAY 16-19, 2003 CL MEIJI UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Multiple-Valued Log, Japan Res Grp Multiple-Valued Log HO MEIJI UNIV ID TREES AB We consider the path length in decision diagrams for multiple-valued functions. This is an important measure of a decision diagram, since this models the time needed to evaluate the function. We focus on the average path length (APL), which is the sum of the path lengths over all assignments of values to the variables divided by the number of assignments. First, we show a multiple-valued function in which the APL is markedly affected by the order of variables. We show upper and lower bounds on the longest path length in a decision diagram of a multiple-valued function. Next, we derive the APL for individual functions, the MAX, ALL_MAX, and MODSUM functions. We show that the latter two functions achieve the lower and upper bound on the APL overall n-variable r-valued functions. Finally, we derive the average of the APL for two sets of functions, symmetric functions and all functions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code EC-Bu, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sasao@cse.kyutech.ac.jp RI Sasao, Tsutomu/E-9702-2012 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0195-623X BN 0-7695-1918-0 J9 INT SYM MVL PY 2003 BP 383 EP 390 DI 10.1109/ISMVL.2003.1201432 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW82F UT WOS:000183282100056 ER PT B AU Mittereder, JA Binari, SC Klein, PB Roussos, JA Katzer, DS Storm, DF Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL AF Mittereder, JA Binari, SC Klein, PB Roussos, JA Katzer, DS Storm, DF Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL GP IEEE IEEE TI Current collapse induced in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs by short-term DC bias stress SO 41ST ANNUAL PROCEEDINGS: INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM SE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY MAR 30-APR 04, 2003 CL DALLAS, TX SP IEEE Electr Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS AB GaN HEMTs grown by MOCVD and by MBE were subjected to short term bias-stress. Current collapse was found to be induced in most of the devices after stress, apparently caused by the generation or activation of trapping centers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mittereder, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mittereder@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7649-8 J9 INT REL PHY PY 2003 BP 320 EP 323 DI 10.1109/RELPHY.2003.1197766 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BW53W UT WOS:000182322300055 ER PT B AU Kang, W Sparks, A AF Kang, W Sparks, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Modelling and computation of optimal task assignment for cooperative control SO 42ND IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-6, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 09-12, 2003 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, SIAM, Control Syst Soc, SICE, Informs, Honeywell Lab, Natl Instruments, XEROX, MathWorks AB In this paper, task assignment for cooperative control of multiple UAV's is studied. A model of linear programming is developed for multiple-tour assignment, both terminal and non-terminal tasks are included in the set of tasks. Although the problem is NP-hard, simulations show the possibility of real time computation for problems with small number of tasks. Examples of eleven tasks, including three terminal tasks, with four UAV's are shown. Matlab based software program is developed to numerically compute the optimal task assignment. Using a relatively slow PC, the computation takes about four seconds only. In addition to the linear programming model, a result on task assignment using partial information is proved. The result implies that the size of the linear programming is determined by the number of tasks, independent of the number of UAV's. For multiple-tour assignment with timing constraint but no terminal tasks, a scheduling process is added into the linear programming model so that tasks are serviced following a given sequence of time. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7924-1 PY 2003 BP 1017 EP 1022 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BY66S UT WOS:000189434100176 ER PT B AU Ross, IM Fahroo, F AF Ross, IM Fahroo, F GP IEEE IEEE TI A unified computational framework for real-time optimal control SO 42ND IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-6, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 09-12, 2003 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, SIAM, Control Syst Soc, SICE, Informs, Honeywell Lab, Natl Instruments, XEROX, MathWorks ID DYNAMIC-SYSTEMS; OPTIMIZATION AB The dynamics of each agent of a multi-agent controlled dynamical system can be formulated in several possible ways: differential inclusion, flatness parameterization, higher-order inclusions and so on. A plethora of techniques have been proposed for each of these formulations but they are typically not portable across equivalent mathematical formulations. Further complications arise as a result of path constraints such as those imposed by obstacle avoidance or control saturation. In this paper, we present a unified computational framework based on pseudospectral methods to handle the optimal control of dynamical systems where the description of the governing equations or that of the path constraint is not a limitation. We illustrate our ideas by way of multiple formulations of a flexible link manipulator problem that includes a differentially flat formulation subject to control saturation. A comparison of our approach to a recent method reveals that we get an almost 30% improvement in the cost. Our results also show that equivalent mathematical formulations can yield varying run times leading to some surprising questions on flatness parameterization for real-time computation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ross, IM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Code AA-Ro, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7924-1 PY 2003 BP 2210 EP 2215 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BY66S UT WOS:000189434100380 ER PT B AU Kaminer, II Yakimenko, OA AF Kaminer, II Yakimenko, OA GP IEEE IEEE TI On the development of GNC algorithm for a high-glide payload delivery system SO 42ND IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-6, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 09-12, 2003 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, SIAM, Control Syst Soc, SICE, Informs, Honeywell Lab, Natl Instruments, XEROX, MathWorks AB The paper considers the development and simulation testing of the control algorithms for an autonomous high-glide aerial delivery system, which consists of 650sq.ft rectangular double-skin parafoil and 500lb payload. The paper starts with the optimal control analysis and applies it further to the real-time trajectory generation. Resulting guidance and control system includes tracking this reference trajectory using a nonlinear tracking controller. The paper presents the description of the algorithm along with simulation results. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Engn Mech, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kaminer, II (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Engn Mech, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7924-1 PY 2003 BP 5438 EP 5443 DI 10.1109/CDC.2003.1272502 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BY66S UT WOS:000189434100935 ER PT S AU Silveira, E Freitas, JA Slack, GA Schowalter, LJ AF Silveira, E Freitas, JA Slack, GA Schowalter, LJ BE Stutzmann, M TI Cathodoluminescence studies of large bulk AIN crystals SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTORS (ICNS-5), PROCEEDINGS SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-5) CY MAY 25-30, 2003 CL NARA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Promot Sci, 162nd Comm Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Photon & Elect Devices, Japan Assoc Crystal Growth, Elect Soc ID BAND-EDGE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ALUMINUM NITRIDE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ALN; LUMINESCENCE; ABSORPTION; EPILAYERS; EPITAXY; GROWTH AB The optical properties of high quality large bulk AIN crystals have been tested by cathodoluminescence measurements carried out at different temperatures, excitation densities and electron beam energies. Both c-plane (0001) and a-plane (11 (2) over bar0) wafers were cut from bulk, single-crystals of AlN which were fabricated by the sublimation-recondensation technique. The wafer surfaces were subsequently prepared by chemical-mechanical polishing. The low-temperature near-band-edge cathodoluminescence spectra of a typical a-plane oriented AlN crystal show up to five transitions, which are tentatively assigned to free- and bound exciton recombination processes. (C) 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM edilson@fisica.ufpr.br; jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-VCH, INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1862-6351 BN 3-527-40489-9 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2003 VL 0 IS 7 BP 2618 EP 2622 DI 10.1002/pssc.200303286 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BY53E UT WOS:000189401700151 ER PT B AU Sofge, D Perzanowski, D Bugajska, M Adams, W Schultz, A AF Sofge, D Perzanowski, D Bugajska, M Adams, W Schultz, A BE Callaos, N Chen, E Wyanor, S Wolf, A TI An agent driven human-centric interface for autonomous mobile robots SO 7TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL, III, PROCEEDINGS: COMMUNICATION, NETWORK AND CONTROL SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System DE human-centric; multimodal dynamic autonomy; CoABS grid; mobile robots AB One of the challenges in implementing a dynamically autonomous mobile robot is achieving a truly human-centric multimodal interface so that human operators can interact with the robot as naturally as they would with another human. Multiple artificial intelligence techniques may be integrated in a distributed computing system through use of an agent-based architecture. In this effort we utilize an agent-based architecture to achieve a multimodal human-centric interface for controlling a dynamically autonomous mobile robot. Capabilities provided by the architecture include natural language understanding, gesture understanding, localization and mapping for accurate navigation, and use of sensors and maps for spatial reasoning. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sofge, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-01-9 PY 2003 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BY46T UT WOS:000189329200044 ER PT B AU Drusinky, D Fobes, JL AF Drusinky, D Fobes, JL BE Callaos, N Margenstern, M Zhang, J Castillo, O Doberkat, EE TI Real-time, online, low-impact temporal pattern matching SO 7TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL V, PROCEEDINGS: COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System AB A temporal pattern matching technique based on formal specifications using Linear-Time Temporal Logic (LTL) is described The method is based on Remote Execution and Monitoring (REM) of LTL assertions. Unlike verification applications where the formal specification is used to locate errors in a corresponding program, REM is not concerned with correctness but rather with temporal pattern detection. Unlike comparable techniques, such as SQL in temporal databases, the method is completely on-line and does not require storage of the input sequence. This makes REM especially suitable for low-impact, real-time, temporal pattern matching of potentially never ending applications such as security monitoring and financial temporal business rule checking. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20350 USA. EM drusinsky@nps.navy.mil; jlfobes@nps.navy.mil NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-01-9 PY 2003 BP 345 EP 348 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BY46V UT WOS:000189330600066 ER PT B AU Guan, LQ Guan, JZ AF Guan, LQ Guan, JZ BE Callaos, N Lesso, W Sanchez, B Hansen, E TI A software engineering tool set for requirement document based prototyping SO 7TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL VI, PROCEEDINGS: INFORMATION SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS: I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System DE software tools; computer aided prototyping; requirement document; user centered design and case study AB Rapid prototyping has been proved to be efficient for requirement validation and verification by providing a mini scale software product. CAPS-PC, the latest updated software prototyping tool set, is a collection of tools for software prototyping that is integrated through a unified graphical environment. To support requirement specification and elicitation, CAPS-PC is designed as a user centered prototyping environment that represents requirements in multiple levels, supports project management, reduces prototyping effort, maintains prototype consistency and helps error prevention and elimination. The capabilities of CAPS-PC are demonstrated and evaluated via a case study to prototype Computer Assisted Resuscitation Algorithm for Infusion Pump. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Software Engn Automat Ctr, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Software Engn Automat Ctr, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM luqi@rips.navy.mil; zguan@nps.navy.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-01-9 PY 2003 BP 237 EP 243 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY46W UT WOS:000189331000045 ER PT B AU Myrick, SA Lohrenz, MC Gendron, ML Trenchard, ME Riedlinger, LM AF Myrick, SA Lohrenz, MC Gendron, ML Trenchard, ME Riedlinger, LM BE Callaos, N Lesso, W Sanchez, B Hansen, E TI Moving map composer: A tool for consolidating tasks associated with the design, creation, and management of digital aeronautical chart products for navy aircraft SO 7TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL VI, PROCEEDINGS: INFORMATION SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS: I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System DE digital aeronautical charts; coverage files; mission planning; data management; and graphical user interfaces AB Scientists from the Naval Research Laboratory at the Stennis Space Center (NRLSSC) have developed a software tool called the Moving Map Composer(1) (MMC) to help Navy aircrew design and build mission-specific, digital aeronautical chart coverages for use in mission planning systems and in-flight moving-map displays. MMC can also be used to edit and incorporate other sources of information - such as digitized emergency checklist procedures - into these mission-specific chart. coverage files. MMC is comprised of a series of Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) and low-level C language applications that simplify complex tasks such as data fusion, chart design, editing, and file management. This paper provides a functional overview of MMC and its applications. Design issues that were encountered and solutions devised during the course of product development are also addressed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Myrick, SA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-01-9 PY 2003 BP 394 EP 398 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY46W UT WOS:000189331000072 ER PT B AU Smith, JR Mirotznik, MS AF Smith, JR Mirotznik, MS BE Callaos, N Huang, T Jiang, JP Wu, T TI A new 2D method of moment basis function set for rough surfaces SO 7TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XI, PROCEEDINGS: COMMUNICATION, NETWORK AND CONTROL SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS: II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System DE Method of Moments (MoM); rough surface scattering AB The Method of Moments (MoM) technique is a rigorous analysis method that transforms the governing integral equations into a matrix problem via a set of shape and weight functions. A new type of basis function set, that combines the Physical Optics (PO) and higher-order current distributions, is presented. The proposed set uses PO as the first-order scattering mode and a plane wave decomposition for the higher-order modes on each patch. The PO mode allows very large length scales and patch sizes to be modeled while the additional higher-order modes refine the solution by including additional scattering effects and multi-patch interactions. The result is a solution with traditional MoM accuracy without significantly increasing the size of the solution matrix. This general method has been applied to RF scattering from rough sea surfaces near grazing angle and could also be applied to wireless communication over land. The 2D governing equations will be presented as well as numerical results for low-grazing angle propagation over rough surfaces. C1 USN Suface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, RF Technol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), USN Suface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, RF Technol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-01-9 PY 2003 BP 16 EP 19 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BY50T UT WOS:000189394900005 ER PT B AU Miller, MJ Layne, G Braud, J Sarnowski, K AF Miller, MJ Layne, G Braud, J Sarnowski, K BE Callaos, N Lesso, W Crespo, J Donnarumma, A Fujii, S TI Parallel programming enhancements for processing hydrographic data SO 7TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XIII, PROCEEDINGS: SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System DE parallel; pfm_loader; speedup; disk I/O; hydrographic data AB The research in this paper focuses on the I/O problem associated with a parallel application writing to a single physical disk. Included in our research are the original ideas that led to the first version of the parallel software, subsequent versions of the software derived from lessons learned from benchmark results, and speedup results of each version. The underlying purpose of this software is to process hydrographic data having a complicated, multi-tiered format. The data processing involves reading tens to hundreds of files containing raw data, filtering out extraneous data values, and writing the filtered data to a single file used in additional processing. The problem is not computationally intensive, but bound by the system's file writing capability. Results show that the more responsible the software was for organizing the data before writing, the better the speedup. The critical factor for writing data efficiently involved the limitation of writing data over a single I/O controller. Our parallel software has fantastic utility where system specifications do not allow for the use of parallel file systems, or writing data over multiple I/O controllers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Miller, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7440,Bldg 1005, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-01-9 PY 2003 BP 148 EP 153 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BY50V UT WOS:000189395100032 ER PT S AU Artho, C Drusinksy, D Goldberg, A Havelund, K Lowry, M Pasareanu, C Rosu, G Visser, W AF Artho, C Drusinksy, D Goldberg, A Havelund, K Lowry, M Pasareanu, C Rosu, G Visser, W BE Borger, E Gargantini, A Riccobene, E TI Experiments with test case generation and runtime analysis SO ABSTRACT STATE MACHINES 2003: ADVANCES IN THEORY AND PRACTICE, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Abstract State Machines CY MAR 03-07, 2003 CL TAORMINA, ITALY SP Microsoft Res, Univ Pisa, Univ Catania, Proteo SpA AB Software testing is typically an ad hoc process where human testers manually write many test inputs and expected test results, perhaps automating their execution in a regression suite. This process is cumbersome and costly. This paper reports preliminary results on an approach to further automate this process. The approach consists of combining automated test case generation based on systematically exploring the program's input domain, with runtime analysis, where execution traces are monitored and verified against temporal logic specifications, or analyzed using advanced algorithms for detecting concurrency errors such as data races and deadlocks. The approach suggests to generate specifications dynamically per input instance rather than statically once-and-for-all. The paper describes experiments with variants of this approach in the context of two examples, a planetary rover controller and a space craft fault protection system. C1 ETH, Inst Comp Syst, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Time Rover Inc, Cupertino, CA USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Kestrel Technol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, RIACS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP ETH, Inst Comp Syst, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00624-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2589 BP 87 EP 107 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW63J UT WOS:000182655500005 ER PT J AU Ertel, J Dickey, J AF Ertel, J Dickey, J TI The focusing of transient response in structural networks: "hot spots" SO ACOUSTICS RESEARCH LETTERS ONLINE-ARLO LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC-SYSTEMS; LOCALIZATION; PROPAGATION; GRILLAGES AB When a structural network is driven at a point in one of its systems, other points in other systems may experience anomalously high response. These are termed "hot spots." The phenomena may be of importance in networks where one or more of the subsystems are fragile. Such networks may be driven in a robust system and break at a hot spot in a fragile system. The phenomena are demonstrated in the calculated spatial/temporal response of simple models of connected one-dimensional wave-bearing systems. (C)2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA. RP Ertel, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jpe@usna.edu; dickey@jhu.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1529-7853 J9 ACOUST RES LETT ONL JI Acoust. Res. Lett. Online-ARLO PD JAN PY 2003 VL 4 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1121/1.1521170 PG 6 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 776ME UT WOS:000189119100001 ER PT J AU Lowe, KL Straube, W Little, B Jones-Meehan, J AF Lowe, KL Straube, W Little, B Jones-Meehan, J TI Aerobic and anaerobic reduction of Cr(VI) by Shewanella oneidensis effects of cationic metals, sorbing agents and mixed microbial cultures SO ACTA BIOTECHNOLOGICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium of the International-Society-of-Environmental-Biotechnology CY JUN, 2002 CL VERACRUZ, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Biotechnol ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM REDUCTION; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; CHROMATE REDUCTION; ELECTRON-ACCEPTORS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; DISSIMILATORY REDUCTION; ENZYMATIC REDUCTION; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; FE(III); CELL AB The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the loss of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions via microbial Cr(VI) reduction. Aerobic, anaerobic and microaerophilic cultures of Shewanella oneidensis were tested for Cr(VI) reduction under a variety of conditions (i.e., various Cr(VI) concentrations, carbon sources, pH, temperature, bacterial cell densities, presence of cationic metals, sea sand, illite clay, heterologous bacteria commonly found in soil and water or the soluble electron shuttle anthraquinone 2,6 disulphonate [AQDS]). Optimum reduction of 5 mg/l Cr(VI) was observed at: pH 7, at 25-30 degreesC and in lactate-amended cultures. Anaerobic cells reduced Cr(VI) at an average rate of 28 ng Cr(VI)/min x mg protein versus 13 ng Cr(VI)/min x mg protein for aerobically grown cells. The presence of cationic metals [Co(II), Ni(II)] inhibited the reduction of 50 mg/l Cr(VI) by aerobic S. oneidensis cultures but not anaerobic or microaerophilic cultures. In aerobic cultures, toxic effects due to high levels (50 mg/l) of Cr(VI) and cationic metals were alleviated by the presence of sand and illite clay particles, which sorbed Cr(VI). When 50 mg/l Ni(II) was present, more Cr(VI) was reduced by aerobic S. oneidensis cultures containing either sand or illite clay versus cultures lacking these amendments. Addition of an electron shuttle (AQDS) to the medium also enhanced 50 mg/l Cr(VI) reduction in the presence of 50 mg/l Ni(II). Cr(VI) reduction rates were similar with and without AQDS when 50 mg/l Co(II) was present. Reduction of 50 mg/l Cr(VI) was facilitated by the addition of other bacteria (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus circulans) in mixed cultures with S. oneidensis. This study demonstrates that aerobic, anaerobic and microaerophilic cultures of S. oneidensis reduce Cr(VI). Bacterial mixtures, addition of AQDS and presence of sand or illite clay may enhance Cr(VI) reduction by this bacterium in the presence of inhibitory agents. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. GeoCenters Inc, Washington, DC USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jones-Meehan, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7303, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0138-4988 J9 ACTA BIOTECHNOL JI Acta Biotechnol. PY 2003 VL 23 IS 2-3 BP 161 EP 178 DI 10.1002/abio.200390024 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 710BJ UT WOS:000184660700007 ER PT J AU Straube, WL Nestler, CC Hansen, LD Ringleberg, D Pritchard, PH Jones-Meehan, J AF Straube, WL Nestler, CC Hansen, LD Ringleberg, D Pritchard, PH Jones-Meehan, J TI Remediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through landfarming with biostimulation and bioaugmentation SO ACTA BIOTECHNOLOGICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Biotechnology CY JUN, 2002 CL VERACRUZ, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Biotechnol ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MASS-TRANSFER; DEGRADATION; BIOREMEDIATION; BACTERIA; SOILS; BIOAVAILABILITY; FLUORANTHENE; PHENANTHRENE; SUBSURFACE AB Many soils contaminated with high molecular weight hydrocarbons (HMW PAHs) contain PAH-degrading microorganisms. These microbes are often limited in their degradation capability because of some limiting environmental factors (i.e., low aqueous solubility of PAHs, low bioavailability of PAHs, nitrogen or other nutrient limitation, high co-contamination levels such as pentachlorophenol [PCP] that can inhibit PAH biodegradation, etc.). Microcosm studies were done using biostimulation (addition of ground rice hulls as a bulking agent and dried blood as a slow-release nitrogen source) and/or bioaugmentation (addition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 64, a biosurfactant-producer on a vermiculite carrier). Soil from the POPILE, Inc. Superfund site (PAHs at 13,000 mg/kg, average and PCP at 1,500 mg/kg, average) was used. After 11 months, control microcosms (no treatment) showed a 23% decrease in total PAHs and a 48% decrease in total BaP toxic equivalents. The biostimulated microcosms showed a 34% decrease in total PAHs and a 57% decrease in total BaP toxic equivalents, while the biostimulated and bioaugmented microcosms revealed an 87% decrease in total PAHs and a 67% decrease in total BaP toxic equivalents. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 64 is not a PAH-degrader, therefore, this reduction in PAHs was due to stimulated degradation by the autochthonous microbial community. Pan studies were designed to test the improved bioremediation of HMW PAHs using biostimulation and/or bioaugmentation on a larger scale. Drywells were used to monitor soil microbial respiration, soil moisture was maintained at 50-80% of the soil field moisture capacity (FMC), cultivation was carried out weekly with rototillers, and microbial biomass and community composition (indigenous microbiota and augmented soil) were determined by PLFA profiles. An initial rapid decrease in PAH concentration was observed in the pan receiving both bioaugmentation and biostimulation (50% degradation at six months). The pan that was biostimulated only achieved the 50% level at seven months. After 16 months, the control pan showed a 12% decrease in PAHs, while biostimulated only and both biostimulated and bioaugmented pans showed an 86 and 87% removal, respectively. These two pans developed similar microbial communities, and these communities were different from that in the control pan 1. Supplementing autochthonous bacterial communities, using slow-release nitrogen fertiliser and bulking agent has great potential for improving landfarming of PAH-contaminated soils. C1 GeoCenters Inc, Washington, DC USA. So Div, Appl Res Associates, Vicksburg, MS USA. Cold Regions Res Environm Lab, Hanover, NH USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jones-Meehan, J (reprint author), GeoCenters Inc, Washington, DC USA. EM jonesmee@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 40 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 27 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0138-4988 J9 ACTA BIOTECHNOL JI Acta Biotechnol. PY 2003 VL 23 IS 2-3 BP 179 EP 196 DI 10.1002/abio.200390025 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 710BJ UT WOS:000184660700008 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR McCain, M Konaklieva, M AF Deschamps, JR McCain, M Konaklieva, M TI 3-methoxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-bis(methylsulfoxy)azetidin-2-one SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The title compound, C13H17NO7S2, was designed as a precursor of human leukocyte elastase inhibitors. The title compound belongs to a series of monocyclic C-methylthiolated beta-lactam sulfones with different substituents at the ring N atom and the C atom opposite. The compound crystallizes with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit differing mainly in the orientation of the phenyl ring. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JAN PY 2003 VL 59 BP O36 EP O37 DI 10.1107/S16005368022705 PN 1 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 629UH UT WOS:000180067700033 ER PT S AU Golden, JP Shubin, YS Shriver-Lake, LC Delehanty, JB Sapsford, KE Rowe-Taitt, CA Ligler, FS AF Golden, JP Shubin, YS Shriver-Lake, LC Delehanty, JB Sapsford, KE Rowe-Taitt, CA Ligler, FS BE VoDinh, T Grundfest, WS Benaron, DA Cohn, GE TI An automated, portable array biosensor SO ADVANCED BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems CY JAN 26-28, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE array sensor; biosensor; fluorescence; rapid detection; bioterrorism agents AB Array biosensors provide the capability of immobilizing multiple capture biomolecules onto a single surface and therefore offer the exciting prospect of multi-analyte detection. A miniaturized, fully automated, stand-alone biosensor is reported which can simultaneously test multiple samples for multiple analytes. This portable system (< 10 lbs) is particularly appropriate for on-site monitoring for food safety, infectious disease detection, and biological warfare defense. The surface-selective nature of this technology allows determination of binding constants and tracking of both specific and non-specific binding events as they occur. Thus, it provides an exciting new research tool for characterizing the interactions of biomolecules with surfaces or immobilized receptors in real time. This capability has important implications for development of new materials and sensors. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Golden, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4758-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4958 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1117/12.485497 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Physics GA BX38F UT WOS:000185090600004 ER PT B AU Posada, M DeLoach, J Reynolds, AP Bhide, SR Michaleris, P AF Posada, M DeLoach, J Reynolds, AP Bhide, SR Michaleris, P GP RINA TI Evaluation of friction stir welded HSLA-65 SO ADVANCED MARINE MATERIALS: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Marine Material (RINA) CY OCT 09, 2003 CL London, ENGLAND AB Distortion and residual stress analyses of single-sided, 6.4-mm thick friction stir and conventional arc welds will be compared and discussed. All-stir-zone tensile and Charpy V-notch properties from double-sided, 12.7-mm thick friction stir welds will be presented and compared to those found in DH-36 friction stir welds. In addition to the standard mechanical properties, results of "shock-holing" testing of double-sided, 12.7-mm thick welds will also be presented. The shock-holing test, which used an explosively-loaded test specimen, represents the first reported dynamic fracture test of a steel friction stir weld. The friction stir weld shock-holing performance will be compared to the performance of HSLA-65 base metal samples. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Posada, M (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL INST NAVAL ARCHITECTS PI LONDON PA 10 UPPER BELGRAVE ST, LONDON SW1X 8BQ, ENGLAND PY 2003 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BY52Q UT WOS:000189400200003 ER PT B AU Czyryca, EJ Wells, ME Tran, K AF Czyryca, EJ Wells, ME Tran, K GP RINA TI Titanium alloy Ti-5111 for naval applications SO ADVANCED MARINE MATERIALS: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Marine Material (RINA) CY OCT 09, 2003 CL London, ENGLAND AB The physical, mechanical and corrosion properties of titanium and alloys favorably impact current U.S. Navy ship design requirements for increased reliability with reduced maintenance and reduced weight. Based on the excellent erosion-corrosion properties of titanium, commercially pure grades are used extensively for seawater pumps, cooling and piping applications. For high-strength critical applications, the U.S. Navy developed and certified Ti-6Al-2Cb-1Ta-0.8Mo (Ti-100) alloy for pressure hulls on deep submersibles. Ti-100 utility suffered from high cost of alloying additions, low product yields, and lack of commercial market. Ti-5A1-1Sn-1Zr-1V-0.8Mo (Ti-5111) alloy was developed as a lower cost, more producible alternative alloy. The results of testing conducted to characterize the strength, fracture toughness, fatigue, and seawater corrosion/stress corrosion resistance properties of the Ti-5111 alloy demonstrated that Ti 5111 alloy and welds possess high strength, good fracture toughness and excellent resistance to seawater corrosion suitable for machinery and structural applications in naval ships and submarines. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Czyryca, EJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ROYAL INST NAVAL ARCHITECTS PI LONDON PA 10 UPPER BELGRAVE ST, LONDON SW1X 8BQ, ENGLAND PY 2003 BP 41 EP 49 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BY52Q UT WOS:000189400200006 ER PT B AU Garala, H AF Garala, H GP RINA TI An evaluation of a composite module for the improved navy lighterage system (INLS) SO ADVANCED MARINE MATERIALS: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Marine Material (RINA) CY OCT 09, 2003 CL London, ENGLAND AB The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD), in support of the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), has successfully fabricated a composite prototype module and developed a performance specification for future procurement of the Improved Navy Lighterage System (INLS). The INLS is comprised of powered and non-powered interchangeable modular components, which are assembled as floating platforms. The INLS supports the Navy's Logistics Over-the-Shore (LOTS) operations. All platform assemblies of the INLS must be fully operational in Sea State 3 (SS3), sustain no more than minimal damage in SS4 and structurally survive SS5. This means they must be repairable and have no catastrophic damage. The current Navy lighterage (NL) is a steel modular system with a 40-year service history. It does not meet current performance requirements, such as free board, carrying capacity, throughput and safety. The use of composite materials for the system will fulfill operational and performance requirements, minimize corrosion and maintenance costs, reduce weight, and increase payload. The overall total ownership cost (TOC) associated with acquisition, life cycle logistics and maintenance would be lowered as compared to the current system. A single full-scale prototype module 12.2-m (40.0-ft) long x 7.3-m (24.0-ft) wide x 2.4-m (8.0-ft) was designed for new platform configurations and improved performance requirements. The hull structure and internal members of the barge module were constructed from composite materials, a combination of Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) and pultruded glass-vinylester system. The module was fabricated to demonstrate the viability of composite material and fabrication process selected for manufacturing the INLS modules. Operational tests on the composite prototype module were successfully conducted to assure that the module met all performance requirements. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Struct & Composite Dept, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Garala, H (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Struct & Composite Dept, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL INST NAVAL ARCHITECTS PI LONDON PA 10 UPPER BELGRAVE ST, LONDON SW1X 8BQ, ENGLAND PY 2003 BP 101 EP 109 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BY52Q UT WOS:000189400200013 ER PT B AU Miller, PH AF Miller, PH GP RINA TI Design, verification, and forensic correlation of composite yacht structures SO ADVANCED MARINE MATERIALS: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Marine Material (RINA) CY OCT 09, 2003 CL London, ENGLAND AB High performance marine composite structures are common in many competitive arenas. This paper highlights the lessons learned through analysis, testing and post-failure review of some of the composite structures used by Team Dennis Conner during the 2003 America's Cup. Materials were almost exclusively carbon fibre/epoxy prepreg laminates cured at elevated temperature and pressure. Specific research topics included resin/fibre content, full-scale testing of portions of the deck and rig and forensic analysis of the rig and hull. A side note includes a discussion of another post-accident structural analysis. The primary structural analysis tool was finite element analysis, which was seen to be reliable. Computational fluid dynamics combined with historical on-board data were used to generate many structural loads. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Miller, PH (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL INST NAVAL ARCHITECTS PI LONDON PA 10 UPPER BELGRAVE ST, LONDON SW1X 8BQ, ENGLAND PY 2003 BP 121 EP 127 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BY52Q UT WOS:000189400200015 ER PT B AU Mouring, SE Louca, LA AF Mouring, SE Louca, LA GP RINA TI Investigation into shock loading effects on composite structures SO ADVANCED MARINE MATERIALS: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Marine Material (RINA) CY OCT 09, 2003 CL London, ENGLAND ID SANDWICH COMPOSITE; COMPRESSION; BEHAVIOR AB Composite panels are being used in increasing quantities for naval applications due to their high strength to weight ratio and stealth characteristics. However a primary design consideration for naval vessels is the effects of an impulsive load due to a shock loading. Key to the design process is to establish the damage tolerance of the structure involved which entails determining the residual strength and stiffness characteristics after the structure has been subjected to the impulsive load. However, little data exists for the effects of a pressure load on composites caused by a shock loading. In particular, the residual strength and stiffness of such components, which will influence the structural integrity of a naval vessel once they have been damaged by the shock, have received little attention for marine composites. This paper outlines an ongoing research project to investigate the residual strength and stiffness characteristics of a typical composite panel under various levels of both static and impulsive loading. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mouring, SE (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL INST NAVAL ARCHITECTS PI LONDON PA 10 UPPER BELGRAVE ST, LONDON SW1X 8BQ, ENGLAND PY 2003 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BY52Q UT WOS:000189400200016 ER PT B AU Ratcliffe, CP Crane, RM AF Ratcliffe, CP Crane, RM GP RINA TI The nondestructive inspection of a 1/2 scale corvette hull test section and a royal navy archer class fast patrol craft using the structural irregularity and damage evaluation routine (sider) SO ADVANCED MARINE MATERIALS: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Marine Material (RINA) CY OCT 09, 2003 CL London, ENGLAND ID VIBRATION TECHNIQUE; PARAMETERS; DEFECTS AB The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division has been investigating composite materials for ship hull applications. Four 1/2 scale corvette hull sections were manufactured and their UNDEX performance evaluated. A new nondestructive evaluation technique, which uses vibrational excitation, was utilized to inspect the hull prior to shock and after shock testing. This new technique developed at NSWCCD and the United States Naval Academy, Structural Irregularity and Damage Evaluation Routine (SIDER), was successfully used to determine the as manufactured quality, and changes in the structure caused by UNDEX testing. The SIDER procedure looks at an entire structure and identifies locations where there is variability in structural stiffness. These areas are either due to the variability of the structure itself, or are caused by damage. Areas of damage that resulted in delaminations, debonding of ribs and stringers, bulkhead to hull degradation and localized cracking were successfully identified and correlated with both visual and ultrasonic inspection. The SIDER technique was able to inspect the entire hull section in about 6 hours. In addition, this technique was recently used to inspect sections of two ship structures for the Ministry of Defence, U.K. This paper discusses the SIDER technique and the results of the SIDER testing on these large scale composite structural components. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ratcliffe, CP (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL INST NAVAL ARCHITECTS PI LONDON PA 10 UPPER BELGRAVE ST, LONDON SW1X 8BQ, ENGLAND PY 2003 BP 135 EP 150 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BY52Q UT WOS:000189400200017 ER PT S AU Kim, H Horwitz, JS Min, WH Kafafi, ZH Chrisey, DB AF Kim, H Horwitz, JS Min, WH Kafafi, ZH Chrisey, DB BE Chrisey, DB Dinescu, M Boyd, IW Rode, AV TI Quality Sn-doped In2O3 films grown by pulsed laser deposition for organic light-emitting diodes SO ADVANCED OPTICAL PROCESSING OF MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advanced Optical Processing of Materials held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Army Res Off, DARP ID OXIDE THIN-FILMS; TRANSPARENT CONDUCTORS; DEVICES AB High quality Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) thin films have been grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on glass, flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and single crystal yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates for use. in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Critical electrode issues for the OLED are related to the optical transparency, electrical resistivity, work function and surface roughness of the ITO film. Our research has focused on improving the properties of the ITO film to increase the efficiency of the OLED. Films were deposited using a KrF excimer laser (248nm, 30 ns FWHM) at fluences of 2 J/cm(2) at substrate temperatures ranging from 25degreesC to 300degreesC in oxygen pressures ranging from 1 to 100 mTorr. For ITO films (similar to100 nm thick) deposited at the optimized conditions, a resistivity of 4.1 x 10(-4) Omega-cm, 2.2 x 10(-4) Omega-cm, 1.8 x 10(-4) Omega-cm was observed on PET, glass and YSZ, respectively. The average film transmission in the visible range (400 - 700 nm) was about 90 % and the film surface roughness was about 0.5 nm for the film grown on glass. The Hall mobility and carrier density for ITO films (300 nm thickness) were observed to be in the range of 28 - 34 cm(2)/V-s and 1.0 - 1.2 x 10(21) cm(-3), respectively. We have used the ITO films, deposited by PLD on glass, plastic and single crystal YSZ substrates, as an anode contact in OLEDs. The OLED device performance based on PLD ITO anodes is compared with that of the device fabricated on the commercial ITO anode. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Case 6372,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-717-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 780 BP 21 EP 32 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BX73A UT WOS:000186233200004 ER PT B AU Tuttle, B Ullrich, MJ AF Tuttle, Brad Ullrich, Mark J. BE Arnold, V TI THE EFFECTS OF INCENTIVE STRUCTURE AND GOAL DIFFICULTY ON TIME PLANNING DECISIONS WITHIN A BALANCED SCORECARD FRAMEWORK SO ADVANCES IN ACCOUNTING BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH, VOL 6 SE Advances in Accounting Behavioral Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FINANCIAL INCENTIVES; MONETARY INCENTIVES; TASK-PERFORMANCE; LEVEL; METAANALYSIS; STRATEGIES; PREDICTION; COMMITMENT; ATTITUDES; DIRECTION AB Recent innovations in management control systems, such as the Balanced Scorecard System, reflect today's complex business environment by accounting for performance in multiple areas. When individuals must allocate their time between multiple areas that compete for their time, the manner in which incentives are structured is hypothesized to influence their decisions differently depending on goal difficulty. A decision-making experiment was conducted to test this proposition. When incentives were structured so that each area of the Balanced Scorecard is rewarded separately, challenging goals received more planned attention than easy or unattainable goals following previous findings. When incentives were structured so that goals in all areas must be achieved together, the influence of goal difficulty on the time planning decision diverges from previous findings such that areas having unattainable goals receive the same planned attention as areas having challenging goals. The results suggest that companies must consider how performance is rewarded within a Balanced Scorecard framework. C1 [Tuttle, Brad] Univ S Carolina, Moore Sch Business, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Ullrich, Mark J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Tuttle, B (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Moore Sch Business, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7623-1047-0 J9 ADV ACCT BEH RES PY 2003 VL 6 BP 121 EP 144 DI 10.1016/S1474-7979(03)06006-X PG 24 WC Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA BLS62 UT WOS:000270951700007 ER PT B AU Dutta, I Park, C Choi, S AF Dutta, I Park, C Choi, S GP ASME TI Creep and microstructural evolution in lead-free microelectronic solder joints SO ADVANCES IN ELECTRONIC PACKAGING 2003, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference CY JUL 06-11, 2003 CL Maui, HI SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Elect & Photon Packaging Div ID CRACK-GROWTH-RATE; IMPRESSION CREEP; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GRAIN-GROWTH; ALLOY; TIN; FATIGUE AB Microelectronic solder joints are typically exposed to aggressive thermo-mechanical cycling (TMC) conditions, resulting in significant strain-enhanced microstructural coarsening during service. This microstructural evolution produces continuously evolving mechanical properties during extended use. Since solder joint life is dictated largely by the creep strain range, it is necessary to develop microstructurally adaptive creep models for solders to enable accurate prediction of joint life. In this paper, we present (1) a new closed-form creep model incorporating microstructural coarsening in lead-free solders, which can be easily incorporated into life-prediction models; and (2) a methodology for impression creep testing of Sn-3.5Ag solders which can potentially enable creep testing of individual flip chip or BGA balls in a package. The proposed creep model incorporates the effects of both static and strain-enhanced coarsening of second phase intermetallic particles which are present in lead-free solders, and shows that as a joint undergoes TMC, the creep rate increases continuously, adversely impacting life. This inference is supported by the impression creep experiments, which are shown to capture the essential features of creep in Sn-Ag alloys, in accordance with the available literature. It is also shown that the creep resistance of a given alloy composition is strongly dependent on the microstructure, making it important that creep data used for joint life prediction be based on testing of actual joints or very tightly controlled microstructures. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-3690-8 PY 2003 BP 417 EP 422 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BAK06 UT WOS:000222624900061 ER PT B AU Glista, AS AF Glista, AS GP ASME TI A broadband wave division multiplexed (WDM) local area network or military aircraft using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components SO ADVANCES IN ELECTRONIC PACKAGING 2003, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference CY JUL 06-11, 2003 CL Maui, HI SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Elect & Photon Packaging Div AB The US Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) has recognized the need to rapidly test and evaluate (T&E) Generation II commercial, fiber optic and photonic components for use in harsh, military aerospace environments. This paper describes the Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) Fiber-Optic Network (FON) demonstration program for the Navy EA-6B aircraft. The EA-6B Integrated Program Team is designing, developing and flight-testing a broadband fiber-optic Local Area Network (LAN) using ruggedized commercial WDM components and single mode cables and connectors. This WDM fiber optic backbone will be the first test demonstration of a network capable of simultaneously transferring both multi-protocol digital information and broadband radio frequency (RF) analog signals. Flight-testing of the digital portion of the system will take place on the EA-6B Tactical Electronic Attack aircraft with the support of NAVAIR at Patuxent River, MD. RF performance testing will take place at the Naval Air Warfare Center, Pt. Mugu California EA-6B Weapon System Support Laboratory. The first phase of this program [Flight Testing Optical Communication Using Open Standards (FOCUS) Phase I] demonstrated the survivability of Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) fiber-optic single mode and multi-mode network hardware technology (cables, connectors, transmitters, receivers, encoders, decoders, and test equipment) on the EA-6B aircraft. The objective of the second phase of this program (FOCUS Phase II) is to design, develop, test and demonstrate, in the laboratory a (WDM) network capable of simultaneously transmitting ultra wideband Radio Frequency (RF) analog signals as well as digital transmission protocols including Ethernet (10baseT), MIL-STD-1553, and ARINC-429 (et. al.) over a single fiber cable. The WDM FON system will then be installed and tested in the EA-6B aircraft. This paper will describe the backbone network design, which includes the network topology, test results on the proposed COTS components (lasers, couplers, add/drops, receivers etc.), and bandwidth allocation on the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) grid. Packaging of the COTS components to survive the extremely harsh military aircraft environment is also described. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Glista, AS (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-3690-8 PY 2003 BP 621 EP 628 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BAK06 UT WOS:000222624900083 ER PT S AU Shaw, LB Thielen, PA Sanghera, JS Bayya, SS Aggarwal, ID AF Shaw, LB Thielen, PA Sanghera, JS Bayya, SS Aggarwal, ID BE Durvasula, LN TI Rare-earth doped chalcogenide glass for mid- and long-wave IR fiber lasers SO ADVANCES IN FIBER LASERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Fiber Lasers CY JAN 27-28, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE IR fibers; fiber lasers; mid-IR lasers ID INTENSITIES; IONS AB Rare earth doped chalcogenide glass fibers have been developed at NRL. Spectroscopic investigaton of these glasses and fibers show that they possess strong and efficient mid-IR and long-wave IR emissions suitable for fiber lasers in these wavelength regions. Small fiber sources based on these emission lines have been developed and can be used as bright IR sources for characterizing focal planes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaw, LB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4774-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4974 BP 60 EP 64 DI 10.1117/12.478276 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BX33A UT WOS:000184962900009 ER PT S AU Bartolo, RE Cranch, GA Kirkendall, CK AF Bartolo, RE Cranch, GA Kirkendall, CK BE Durvasula, LN TI The nature of the polarization beat frequency as a function of twist for DFB fiber lasers SO ADVANCES IN FIBER LASERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Fiber Lasers CY JAN 27-28, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID DISTRIBUTED-FEEDBACK LASER; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; SIMULTANEOUS STRAIN; SENSOR; BIREFRINGENCE AB Phase-shifted DFB fiber lasers (DFB-FLs) can have two orthogonally polarized laser modes with a frequency offset proportional to the fiber birefringence. In order to achieve true single frequency operation one polarization mode must be extinguished. On the other hand, the existence of a polarization beat frequency (PBF) between the two states of polarization in a dual-mode DFB-FL can be utilized in a frequency-based fiber sensor. The underlying mechanisms leading to the quenching or preservation of the PBF must be controlled in either case. Twisting the DFB-FL to induce circular birefringence has been used to achieve single polarization-mode operation, though an explanation has been lacking. We present results of the reflection and transmission spectra, and the PBF, as a function of twist angle for two phase-shifted fiber gratings, and compare the results with recent theoretical calculations. We have also measured the PBF as a function of twist angle for the active case of a phase-shifted DFB-FL. Our results show that the PBF decreases monotonically as a function of twist angle for angles less than 700 degrees (over a 20 cm length), where the magnitude of the PBF signal can be suppressed by 20 dB or more. For larger twist angles, the magnitude of the PBF signal was not in general extinguished, in contrast to previously reported work. A possible explanation of such behavior will be presented in addition to a discussion of the applications of DFB-FLs as sensors. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bartolo, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5674, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4774-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4974 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.1117/12.478278 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BX33A UT WOS:000184962900013 ER PT J AU Bridges, DH Blanton, JN Brewer, WH Park, JT AF Bridges, DH Blanton, JN Brewer, WH Park, JT TI Experimental investigation of the flow past a submarine at angle of drift SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VORTEX AB When a submarine executes a high-speed turn, the sail experiences a crossflow velocity component, creating a vortex at the sail tip. The flowfield induced by the vortex creates higher pressures on the bull deck and lower pressures on the keel, leading to a nose-up pitching moment. Tests to examine such flows were conducted. in the U.S. Navy's William B. Morgan Large Cavitation Channel in Memphis, Tennessee. A submarine model of 6.92-m length was tested at drift angles of 0, 5, and 9.5 deg, with the sail on and off, and at speeds up to 14.9 m/s. Pressure distributions and laser Doppler velocimeter surveys were obtained at two axial locations. Forces and moments were measured using an internal force balance. The pressure distributions were integrated to obtain section force coefficients, and the velocity data were used to estimate the vortex circulation. The pressure distributions were consistent with the hypothesized mechanism by which the vortex created the nose-up pitching moment. The pitching moment and sectional force coefficients demonstrated the nonlinear variations with drift angle predicted by theory. The circulation values were consistently somewhat higher than those obtained by other researchers. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USN, William Morgan Large Cavitat Channel, Memphis, TN 38113 USA. RP Bridges, DH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, PO Drawer A, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.2514/2.1915 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 671RN UT WOS:000182478000009 ER PT S AU Lee, JN von Berg, DL Kruer, M Duncan, MD Colbert, M Frawley, S AF Lee, JN von Berg, DL Kruer, M Duncan, MD Colbert, M Frawley, S BE Andraitis, AA Greer, JD Leygraaf, GJ TI Demonstration of F-CAP TARPS-CD system with real-time airborne image exploitation SO AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE XXVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Reconnaissance XXVII CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE tactical reconnaissance; digital imagery; image exploitation; data linking AB An upgraded digital reconnaissance pod payload, denoted as "Full-Capability" (F-CAP), has been developed and demonstrated as part of the F-14 TARPS-CD (Tactical Air Reconnaissance Pod Completely Digital) effort. A key improvement is the incorporation of the NRL-developed ARIES (Airborne Real-time Image Exploitation System) circuit card into the Reconnaissance Management System for in-cockpit display, processing, and geo-location of imagery from the TARPS-CD digital framing camera system. A special cockpit control panel allows the aircrew to quickly manipulate the video images (e.g., pan, zoom and roam), and create an image segment. The annotated image segment can then be relayed via the F-14 Fast Tactical Imagery (FTI) link to the carrier or to a strike aircraft for target prosecution. A solid-state recorder allows near-instantaneous retrieval of full-resolution imagery recorded earlier, for use by the ARIES card or for transmittal to the ground/carrier via the 274-Mbps CDL link. The F-CAP pod is being evaluated in operational exercises by F-14 squadron VF-32 aboard the carrier USS Harry S Truman. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, JN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4969-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5109 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1117/12.501837 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX48P UT WOS:000185396300001 ER PT S AU Schaum, A Stocker, A AF Schaum, A Stocker, A BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Hyperspectral multi-pass mapping for target detection SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery IX CY APR 21-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE matched filtering; change detection; signature evolution AB Multi-pass search and reconnaissance missions provide unique opportunities for hyperspectral target detection systems to operate at drastically reduced false alarm rates. In the simplest example, confirmed false alarms generated by an anomaly detector on an initial pass can be archived for future reference. A more sophisticated approach captures false alarm signatures to update background clutter models that inform detection algorithms. Or if detections are confirmed as targets on one pass, then matched-filter maps based on their spectra can be compared over time to monitor changes. As a final example, when sub-pixel registration is feasible, multi-temporal spectral covariance relations can be estimated from the data and used to detect anomalous changes at low false alarm rates, using no target signature information. All but the simplest of such methods require that the spectral evolution of a terrestrial background-its chromodynamics-be modeled sufficiently that naturally occurring changes are not confused with unnatural ones. This paper describes several detection paradigms that rely on multi-pass missions. Optimal linear algorithms to predict scene and target evolution are discussed, as are more realistic methods with relaxed operational requirements. One of these, called Covariance Equalization, is shown to perform nearly as well as the minimum error solution based on the matrix Wiener filter, which requires subpixel registration accuracy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4953-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5093 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1117/12.488307 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX79U UT WOS:000186472900001 ER PT S AU Gillis, D Bowles, J Winter, ME AF Gillis, D Bowles, J Winter, ME BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Dimensionality reduction in hyperspectral imagery SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery IX CY APR 21-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral analysis; dimensionality analysis; spectral demixing AB In this paper we examine how the projection of hyperspectral data into smaller dimensional subspaces can effect the propagation of error. In particular, we show that the nonorthogonality of endmembers in the linear mixing model can cause small changes in band space (as, for example, from the addition of noise) to lead to relatively large changes in the estimated abundance coefficients. We also show that increasing the number of endmembers can actually lead to an increase in the amount of possible error. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gillis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4953-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5093 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1117/12.487180 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX79U UT WOS:000186472900006 ER PT S AU Stellman, CM Olchowski, FM Hazel, GG Allman, EC Surratt, ML AF Stellman, CM Olchowski, FM Hazel, GG Allman, EC Surratt, ML BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI War horse and iron horse at camp Shelby - Data collection and associated processing results SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery IX CY APR 21-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral imaging; reconnaissance; surveillance AB The following paper describes a recent data collection exercise in which the WAR HORSE visible-near-infrared hyperspectral imaging sensor and IRON HORSE short-wave-infrared hyperspectral imaging sensor were employed in the collection of wide-area hyperspectral data sets. A preliminary analysis of the data has been performed and results are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stellman, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5621,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4953-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5093 BP 94 EP 103 DI 10.1117/12.488238 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX79U UT WOS:000186472900010 ER PT S AU Davis, DS Harkins, RM Olsen, RC AF Davis, DS Harkins, RM Olsen, RC BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI The LINUS UV imaging spectrometer SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery IX CY APR 21-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE spectroscopy; spectral imaging; remote sensing; atmospheric gases AB We present an overview of the Naval Postgraduate School's new LINUS instrument. This is a spectral imager designed to observe atmospheric. gas plumes by means of absorption spectroscopy, using background Rayleigh-scattered daylight as an illumination source. It is a pushbroom instrument, incorporating a UV-intensified digital camera, interchangeable gratings and filters, and a DC servo-controlled image scanning system. LINUS has been developed to operate across both the near-ultraviolet and the short visible wavelength portions of the spectrum in overlapping passbands. This paper provides an outline of LINUS's design, operation and capabilities, and it summarizes results from initial laboratory and field trials. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Davis, DS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4953-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5093 BP 748 EP 757 DI 10.1117/12.486810 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX79U UT WOS:000186472900072 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Je, J Hur, J Schlautman, MA Carraway, ER AF Lee, JH Je, J Hur, J Schlautman, MA Carraway, ER TI Solvent and pH effects on fast and ultrasensitive 1,1 '-oxalyldi(4-methyl)imidazole chemiluminescence SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID NONAQUEOUS CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; FAST PEROXYOXALATE CHEMILUMINESCENCE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SYSTEM; LUMINESCENCE; SEPARATION; DETECTOR; OXALATE AB Solvent and pH effects on fast and ultrasensitive 1,1'-oxalyldi(4-methyl)imidazole chemiluminescence (OD4MI-CL) were studied. The influences of these two factors on the complex OD4MI-CL reaction are discussed within a conceptual prototype for developing aqueous and non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis (ACE and NACE) devices with OD4MI-CL detection. The reaction channel length and OD4MI yield from the reaction between bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate (TCPO) and 4-methylimidazole in the channel will be influenced by pH, water volume fraction, and cosolvent properties of the solution. Optimum OD4MI-CL efficiency is observed at pH 6.5 when 1-propanol, which has a low dielectric constant (epsilon = 20.8), is used as the NACE solvent in the separation channel. Water (epsilon = 80.1), the solvent in the ACE separation channel, acts similarly to a high dielectric constant organic solvent in NACE because the disadvantages normally associated with TCPO-CL reactions in water disappear due to the faster OD4MI-CL reaction versus OD4MI decomposition in aqueous solution. Therefore, it is expected that the OD4MI-CL detection system can be used in both NACE and ACE devices without requiring detector modifications. We also conclude that OD4MI-CL detection in NACE and ACE devices will be much more sensitive than the TCPO-CL detection used in current NACE devices. C1 Clemson Univ, Clemson Inst Environm Toxicol, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Clemson Univ, Sch Environm, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Clemson Inst Environm Toxicol, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 8 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2003 VL 128 IS 10 BP 1257 EP 1261 DI 10.1039/b305157a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 733LP UT WOS:000186002000010 PM 14667162 ER PT J AU Swartz, R West, L Boiko, I Malpica, A MacAulay, C Carraro, A Guillaud, M Cox, D Follen, M AF Swartz, R West, L Boiko, I Malpica, A MacAulay, C Carraro, A Guillaud, M Cox, D Follen, M TI Use of nuclear morphometry characteristics to distinguish between normal and abnormal cervical glandular histologies SO ANALYTICAL CELLULAR PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADENOCARCINOMA IN-SITU; END-POINT BIOMARKER; INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; UTERINE CERVIX; ALPHA-DIFLUOROMETHYLORNITHINE; CYTOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS; CARCINOMA; LESIONS; INSITU; FEATURES AB This is a methodological study exploring the use of quantitative histopathology applied to the cervix to discriminate between normal and cancerous (consisting of adenocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma in situ) tissue samples. The goal is classifying tissue samples, which are populations of cells, from measurements on the cells. Our method uses one particular feature, the IODs-Index, to create a tissue level feature. The specific goal of this study is to find a threshold for the IODs-Index that is used to create the tissue level feature. The main statistical tool is Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. When applied to the data, our method achieved promising results with good estimated sensitivity and specificity for our data set. The optimal threshold for the IODs-Index was found to be 2.12. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Stat, Houston, TX 77005 USA. USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Ctr Biomed Engn, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. British Columbia Canc Res Ctr, Dept Canc Imaging, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada. RP Follen, M (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Gynecol Oncol, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,Box 913, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI MacAulay, Calum/K-1795-2016 FU NCI NIH HHS [R25 CA57730, 2P01 CA82710] NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8912 J9 ANAL CELL PATHOL JI Anal. Cell. Pathol. PY 2003 VL 25 IS 4 BP 193 EP 200 PG 8 WC Oncology; Cell Biology; Pathology SC Oncology; Cell Biology; Pathology GA 716KD UT WOS:000185026600006 PM 14501086 ER PT J AU McCormick, GH AF McCormick, GH TI Terrorist decision making SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF POLITICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE terrorism; political violence; irregular warfare; levels of analysis ID RISK-TAKING; POLITICAL TERRORISM; VIOLENCE-SPREADS; SOCIAL-MOVEMENTS; GROUP-DYNAMICS; CAUSAL MODEL; RESPONSIBILITY; PSYCHODYNAMICS; PERSPECTIVE; RECRUITMENT AB How do terrorists and terrorist groups make decisions? And what influence do terrorist decision-making styles have on the course of a terrorist campaign? Efforts to answer these questions have centered on three sets of theories. In order of generality, these are (a) strategic theories, in which the decision to employ terrorism and related forms of political violence is considered to be an instrumental choice; (b) organizational theories, in which the sources of violence are found in the internal dynamics of the terrorist group itself; and (c) psychological theories, in which the decision to employ terrorism is explained within the framework of individual psychology. Most observers agree that these lines of inquiry are not mutually exclusive, but each offers a distinctive approach to terrorist decision making. This essay examines each of these theoretical approaches in turn. It concludes with a brief discussion of the decision-making constraints that help shape terrorist life cycles. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McCormick, GH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 203 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 24 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1094-2939 J9 ANNU REV POLIT SCI JI Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. PY 2003 VL 6 BP 473 EP 507 DI 10.1146/annurev.polisci.6.121901.085601 PG 35 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 717MU UT WOS:000185094200022 ER PT J AU Simons, A AF Simons, Anna BE Frese, PR Harrell, MC TI The Military Advisor as Warrior-King and Other "Going Native" Temptations SO ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE UNITED STATES MILITARY: COMING OF AGE IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Simons, Anna] Naval Postgraduate Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Simons, Anna] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Simons, A (reprint author), Naval Postgraduate Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4039-6297-3 PY 2003 BP 113 EP 133 D2 10.1057/9781403982179 PG 21 WC Anthropology; Sociology SC Anthropology; Sociology GA BPQ36 UT WOS:000279633100008 ER PT B AU Fujimura, C AF Fujimura, Clementine BE Frese, PR Harrell, MC TI Integrating Diversity and Understanding the Other at the US Naval Academy SO ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE UNITED STATES MILITARY: COMING OF AGE IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN Acad, Dept Language Studies, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Fujimura, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Language Studies, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4039-6297-3 PY 2003 BP 135 EP 146 D2 10.1057/9781403982179 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Sociology SC Anthropology; Sociology GA BPQ36 UT WOS:000279633100009 ER PT B AU Chia, ES Robertson, RC AF Chia, ES Robertson, RC BE Ismail, M Azhar, H Abdalla, AGE Anuar, K TI Performance of serially concatenated convolutional codes with BPSK in the presence of pulsed noise jamming SO APCC 2003: 9TH ASIA-PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATION, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications held in conjunction with the 6th Malaysia International Conference on Communications (MICC 2003) CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL Penang, MALAYSIA SP ComSoc Chapter, Malaysia, Malaysia Int Conf Commun, EIC, Int Elect Informat & Commun Engineers, Telekom Malaysia Berhad, Commun Soc Chapter, IEEE Malaysia Sect, Korea Inst Commun Sci DE SCCC; error corrction codes; jamming AB In this paper, the bit error rate of four-state BPSK serially concatenated convolutional codes (SCCC) with BPSK, AWGN and pulsed noise jamming is examined. For low signal-to-noise ratios, simulation results are obtained, while for higher signal-to-noise ratios, an average upper bound is developed. We find that pulsed noise jamming is largely ineffective for sufficient total SNR (> 10 dB) unless the jammer uses very high jamming power. For smaller SNR, the situation is more complicated. Pulse jamming with rho < 0.01 is largely ineffective. Pulse jamming is effective for 0.1 > rho > 1.0 and for 8 dB > SNR > 0 dB. The most effective strategy for a jammer is to employ barrage jamming with signal-to-jamming noise ratio (SJR) < 2 dB. Side information (SI) is most effective for 0.1 > rho > 1.0 and its usefulness is dependent on SNR. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chia, ES (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code EC-Rc, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Chia, Eng Seng/E-4455-2011 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8114-9 PY 2003 BP 378 EP 382 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BY58Z UT WOS:000189415600081 ER PT S AU Guardala, NA Price, JL Barkyoumb, JH Abbundi, RJ Merkel, G Carroll, JJ AF Guardala, NA Price, JL Barkyoumb, JH Abbundi, RJ Merkel, G Carroll, JJ BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI "Forced-Gamma Emission" studies involving nuclear isomers using fast neutrons and Bremsstrahlung X rays SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS AB We propose to perform a series of experiments involving nuclear isomers which will investigate the probabilities and mechanisms for de-exciting the isomeric level down to the ground state upon exposure to external radiation in the form of fast neutrons and bremsstrhalung x rays. The isomers have half-lives on the order of 1 hr to 10 days which is a convenient time scale to measure statistically meaningful changes in the specific activities of the isomeric state. Furthermore, the selected isomers are relatively easy to produce in our laboratory in sufficient quantities so that they can be made in a reasonable time frame and without recourse to any exotic means of production, handling or preparation and without the need for high-purity separated isotopes as the feedstock. We believe that studies undertaken in this fashion will produce fundamentally valuable information on the factors which govern and influence "forced-gamma emission" in nuclear isomers This type of information will potentially be very useful in similar studies involving longer-lived isomers such as: Hf-178m2, Am-242m and Ag-108m which have the potential to be used in various emerging new technologies in the later part of the 21(st) Century. C1 NSWC, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP NSWC, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd W, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM guardalana@nswccd.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 279 EP 282 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800066 ER PT S AU Guardala, NA Farrell, JP Dudnikov, V Merkel, G AF Guardala, NA Farrell, JP Dudnikov, V Merkel, G BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Detection of hidden explosives using resonant gamma rays from in-flight annihilation of fast positrons SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS AB Gamma rays with tunable energies can be produced by the in-flight annihilation of fast positrons. The kinetic energy of the positron beam determines the gamma-ray energy of annihilation photons emitted in a narrow cone in the forward direction. These photons can be used for nuclear resonant fluorescence determination of explosive materials rich in N-14 selecting gamma rays with energies that match excited states in N-14 and then observing the emitted nuclear fluorescence. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Guardala, NA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 644,9500 MacArthur Blvd W, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 905 EP 908 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800205 ER PT S AU Knies, DL Grabowski, KS Kennedy, CA Cetina, C Hubler, GK Baum, RA Tumey, SJ Mignerey, AC AF Knies, DL Grabowski, KS Kennedy, CA Cetina, C Hubler, GK Baum, RA Tumey, SJ Mignerey, AC BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI A new fully integrated amplifier and charge-to-time converter module for ion beam characterization SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS AB A wide-range self-contained amplifier and charge-to-time converter module for energy detectors was designed, prototyped and built. The charge-to-time conversion is accomplished using a LeCroy MQT300L integrated circuit and a switch is provided to convert either positive or negative charge inputs. This new module replaces the charge preamplifier, shaping amplifier, fast amplifier, CFD, and level discriminator normally found in a traditional NIM-based system and can be placed close to the detector. It is powered from a small, dedicated AC-DC power supply. The module is self-triggering and provides an ECL timing signal from an onboard constant fraction discriminator. The outputs are routed to a standard RJ45 connector and conditioned for long cabling. Details of module linearity and timing resolution will be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Knies, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6370, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 1063 EP 1066 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800240 ER PT J AU Puzinauskas, PV Hutcherson, G Willson, BD AF Puzinauskas, PV Hutcherson, G Willson, BD TI Ignition and boost effects on large-bore engine in-cylinder heat transfer SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE large-bore engine; heat transfer; combustion AB One cylinder of the Colorado State University large-bore test engine was instrumented with fast-response surface thermocouples for heat-transfer analysis. Probes were installed at several locations progressively farther from the ignition source and their outputs were recorded along with combustion pressure using a high-speed data-acquisition system. The engine was operated with two different ignition methods and the manifold boost pressure and cylinder jacket water temperature (JWT) were varied. The recorded surface temperature data were processed to calculate in-cylinder heat transfer. Combustion initiated with a screw-in type pre-combustion chamber resulted in significantly different characteristics than that initiated by a conventional spark plug. The differences in peak heat-flux value could likely be attributed to flame quench distance. Differences in other portions of the cycle could have been caused by significantly increased flame velocities associated with the pre-chamber jet. Increasing boost pressure from 25 to 54 kPa decreased peak heat-flux values about 20-30% and steady-state values about 13%. Increasing JWT 14 K had an insignificant effect on heat flux and combustion pressure. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Enginu Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Puzinauskas, PV (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 AR PII S1359-4311(02)00133-3 DI 10.1016/S1359-4311(02)00133-3 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA 626LB UT WOS:000179872800001 ER PT S AU Chen, HJ Bishop, RM Agrawal, BN AF Chen, HJ Bishop, RM Agrawal, BN BE Lafontaine, JD DeLafontaine, J Treder, J Soyka, MT Sims, JA TI Payload pointing and active vibration isolation using a hexapod SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 03-07, 2003 CL Big Sky, MT SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS ID ADAPTIVE-CONTROL AB Pointing requirements for high precision optical payloads on spacecraft are getting more stringent for several future space missions. Sub-micro-radian pointing accuracy, for example, has been found critical for the success of some of these missions. The Spacecraft Research and Design Center (SRDC) of Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) is currently investigating different techniques in acquisition, tracking and pointing technologies for future spacecraft, such as a bifocal relay mirror spacecraft. One potential way to achieve pointing and steering for imaging payload in the presence of vibrations is the use of a Stewart platform with active struts. This paper presents the recent implementation and evaluation of pointing and vibration isolation techniques on a hexapod platform at NPS, the Precision Pointing Hexapod (PPH). C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aerosp & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chen, HJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aerosp & Astronaut, 699 Dyer Rd,Room 137, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-509-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 116 BP 935 EP 953 PN 1-3 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BAK80 UT WOS:000222653500057 ER PT S AU Nicholas, AC Thonnard, SE Picone, JM Dymond, KF Budzien, SA Knowles, SH McCoy, SM Henderlight, EE McCoy, RP AF Nicholas, AC Thonnard, SE Picone, JM Dymond, KF Budzien, SA Knowles, SH McCoy, SM Henderlight, EE McCoy, RP BE Lafontaine, JD DeLafontaine, J Treder, J Soyka, MT Sims, JA TI Preliminary validation of atmospheric neutral density derived from ultraviolet airglow observations SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 03-07, 2003 CL Big Sky, MT SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS AB In the past, orbit determination and prediction for resident space objects relied on climatological models to estimate atmospheric drag. Characteristic of climatology, atmospheric density models have errors that range from 10% to 15%. For Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites, the error due to an imprecise density specification is the most significant contribution to the error ellipse associated with the position of the object. Several techniques to obtain corrections for the atmospheric density models and improve orbit determination are in various stages of research and development. This paper presents ultraviolet airglow derived atmospheric density corrections for the NRLMSISE-00 model during January and February 2001. Observations of the naturally occurring airglow on the Earth's limb were obtained from the Low-Resolution Airglow and Auroral Spectrograph (LORAAS) on the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS). Inversion algorithms developed at the Naval Research Laboratory were used to retrieve neutral density profiles from the observations. The result of the inversion process produces four correction coefficients for the NRLMSISE-00 atmospheric model; one for the F10.7 cm solar flux model input parameter, and three scalars for the 0, O-2 and N-2 model output. The proper application of these correction coefficients with NRLMSISE-00 allows for the calculation of a global total density specification. Ultraviolet airglow derived density for January and February of 2001 were first compared to climatology using the Jacchia J70 and NRLMSISE-00 models. Additionally the ultraviolet derived density was compared to global density specification from the High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM) developed for the Air Force Battlelab. HASDM determines global atmospheric density by simultaneously evaluating the drag on a reference set of resident space objects. From the Space Surveillance Network (SSN) observations of the HASDM reference objects, in-track total density was computed using Special-K software for direct comparison to ultraviolet derived atmospheric density. The results of the preliminary validation of the ultraviolet airglow derived density specification are provided in this paper through comparisons to the techniques mentioned above. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-509-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 116 BP 1913 EP 1923 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BAK80 UT WOS:000222653500112 ER PT S AU Emmert, JT Picone, JM Lean, JL Knowles, SH AF Emmert, JT Picone, JM Lean, JL Knowles, SH BE Lafontaine, JD DeLafontaine, J Treder, J Soyka, MT Sims, JA TI A long-term decrease in thermospheric density derived from historical orbital elements SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 03-07, 2003 CL Big Sky, MT SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS ID UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; MESOSPHERE; DRAG AB We derive secular trends in upper thermospheric density from the historical orbital elements of 27 long-lived, near-Earth space objects. The results from all 27 objects indicate a long-term decrease of total mass density over the period 1966-2002. The observed trends increase with increasing height from 200-700 kin, and are largest for solar minimum conditions; average values range from -2% to -5% per decade. The trends are largely independent of geomagnetic activity, local time, latitude, and season. We examine several possible sources of error in our results, and conclude that none of them can individually account for the observed trends. The trends we obtain are qualitatively consistent with but about twice as large as theoretical predictions of density decreases associated with the cooling effect of increased greenhouse gas concentrations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Emmert, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7643, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-509-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 116 BP 1925 EP 1942 PN 1-3 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BAK80 UT WOS:000222653500113 ER PT S AU Hope, AS Trask, AJ AF Hope, AS Trask, AJ BE Lafontaine, JD DeLafontaine, J Treder, J Soyka, MT Sims, JA TI Pulsed thrust method for hover formation flying SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 03-07, 2003 CL Big Sky, MT SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS AB A non-continuous thrust method for hover type formation flying has been developed. This method differs from a true hover which requires constant range and bearing from a reference vehicle. The new method uses a pulsed loop, or pogo, maneuver sequence that keeps the chase spacecraft within a defined box in a near hover situation. Equations are developed for the hover maintenance maneuvers and examples are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hope, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, Code 8103,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-509-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 116 BP 2423 EP 2433 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BAK80 UT WOS:000222653500142 ER PT S AU DeYoung, JA Davis, MA Clark, L AF DeYoung, JA Davis, MA Clark, L BE Lafontaine, JD DeLafontaine, J Treder, J Soyka, MT Sims, JA TI Validation of a GPS NAV solution-based orbit determination for Coriolis/Windsat SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 03-07, 2003 CL Big Sky, MT SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS AB A requirement for ground station telemetry downlink signal acquisition and tracking of 0.1 degree (3dB beam-width) was specified for tracking the Coriolis/Windsat spacecraft X-band high data rate signal. This translates to 1.5-km on orbit. It was decided to fit GPS NAV solution rectangular coordinates from the on-board Viceroy GPS receiver for three days. The orbit was then propagated forward in time for three days and two-line orbital elements produced for export to the ground stations. Fit residuals are less than 8-m for whole orbit fits. TLEs fit to the propagated orbit meet the 1.5-km on-orbit requirement. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeYoung, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8103,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-509-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 116 BP 2461 EP 2470 PN 1-3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BAK80 UT WOS:000222653500144 ER PT S AU Smith, WR Seago, JH Davis, MA Lydick, ED AF Smith, WR Seago, JH Davis, MA Lydick, ED BE Lafontaine, JD DeLafontaine, J Treder, J Soyka, MT Sims, JA TI Correcting ionospheric refraction in the Naval Space Surveillance system SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 03-07, 2003 CL Big Sky, MT SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS AB Ionospheric refraction is a dominant source of error in satellite observations from the Naval Space Surveillance system. Due to the very large number of observations per day needing real-time correction (175,000). a highly efficient refraction correction is required. A low-cost concept for real-time calibration of ionospheric refraction error is introduced in this paper. For this application, refraction is computed by a simplified ray bending formula using the electron content from an analytical ionospheric model. The precision of the simplified ray-bending model is assessed against numerical integration of the total path through an analytical model of the ionosphere. The error uncertainty associated with using an analytical refraction model is also estimated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Space Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, WR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Space Technol, Code 8123,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-509-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 116 BP 2665 EP 2681 PN 1-3 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BAK80 UT WOS:000222653500157 ER PT J AU Reid, IN Cruz, KL Laurie, SP Liebert, J Dahn, CC Harris, HC Guetter, HH Stone, RC Canzian, B Luginbuhl, CB Levine, SE Monet, AKB Monet, DG AF Reid, IN Cruz, KL Laurie, SP Liebert, J Dahn, CC Harris, HC Guetter, HH Stone, RC Canzian, B Luginbuhl, CB Levine, SE Monet, AKB Monet, DG TI Meeting the cool neighbors. IV. 2mass 1835+32, a newly discovered M8.5 dwarf within 6 parsecs of the sun SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxy : stellar content; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : luminosity function, mass function ID DENIS-P J104814.7-395606.1; PROPER MOTION STARS; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; NEARBY STARS; PHOTOMETRY; CATALOG AB We present observations of 2MASSI J1835379+ 325954, a previously unrecognized late- type M dwarf within 6 pc of the Sun. Identified based analysis of the Two Micron All Sky Survey optical spectroscopy and photometry indicate a spectral type of M8.5. The star has a proper motion of 0."759 yr(-1) and is clearly visible on both POSS I and POSS II photographic plate material, but it may have escaped detection in previous surveys through its proximity to the Galactic plane. We discuss potential implications for the completeness of the local stellar census. C1 Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Reid, IN (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM inr@stsci.edu; kelle@sas.upenn.edu; slaurie@compuserve.com NR 13 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 125 IS 1 BP 354 EP 358 DI 10.1086/344946 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 627KD UT WOS:000179931600027 ER PT J AU Kaplan, GH Makarov, VV AF Kaplan, GH Makarov, VV TI Astrometric detection of binary companions and planets: Acceleration of proper motion SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE astrometry; binaries : general; planetary systems; catalogs ID STARS AB Apparent acceleration of proper motion is one of the observable manifestations of orbital motion in binary stars. Owing to the increasing accuracy of astrometric measurements, it may also be a method to detect binarity of stars. This paper presents some analytical expressions for the effects of binary motion on proper motions when the orbital period is at least several times the span of observations. We estimate orbit dimensions and distances at which low-mass companions and planets may be detected around main-sequence stars, using preliminary estimates of precision for the AMEX, GAIA and SIM space missions. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Kaplan, GH (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. OI Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 2003 VL 324 IS 5 BP 419 EP 424 DI 10.1002/asna.200310159 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 710AB UT WOS:000184657700001 ER PT J AU Platais, I Pourbaix, D Jorissen, A Makarov, VV Berdnikov, LN Samus, NN Evans, TL Lebzelter, T Sperauskas, J AF Platais, I Pourbaix, D Jorissen, A Makarov, VV Berdnikov, LN Samus, NN Evans, TL Lebzelter, T Sperauskas, J TI Hipparcos red stars in the HpV(T2) and VIC systems SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : late type; stars : carbon; techniques : photometric; techniques : radial velocities ID UBVRI PHOTOMETRY; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS; VARIABLE-STARS; CARBON STARS; M-GIANT; PASSBANDS; TELESCOPE; BINARIES AB For Hipparcos M, S, and C spectral type stars, we provide calibrated instantaneous (epoch) Cousins V-I color indices using newly derived HpV(T2) photometry. Three new sets of ground-based Cousins V I data have been obtained for more than 170 carbon and red M giants. These datasets in combination with the published sources of V I photometry served to obtain the calibration curves linking Hipparcos/Tycho H-p - V-T2 with the Cousins V-I index. In total, 321 carbon stars and 4464 M- and S-type stars have new V-I indices. The standard error of the mean V-I is about 0.1 mag or better down to H-p approximate to 9 although it deteriorates rapidly at fainter magnitudes. These V-I indices can be used to verify the published Hipparcos V-I color indices. Thus, we have identified a handful of new cases where, instead of the real target, a random field star has been observed. A considerable fraction of the DMSA/C and DMSA/V solutions for red stars appear not to be warranted. Most likely such spurious solutions may originate from usage of a heavily biased color in the astrometric processing. C1 Univ Libre Brussels, Inst Astron & Astrophys, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Space Res Assoc, Div Astron & Space Phys, Washington, DC 20024 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Moscow 119992, Russia. Isaac Newton Inst Chile, Moscow Branch, Moscow 119992, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Astron, Moscow 119017, Russia. Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. Vilnius Univ Observ, LT-2009 Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Pourbaix, D (reprint author), Univ Libre Brussels, Inst Astron & Astrophys, CP 226,lvd Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM pourbaix@astro.ulb.ac.be OI Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887 NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 397 IS 3 BP 997 EP 1010 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20021589 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 632XH UT WOS:000180249800028 ER PT J AU Spadaro, D Lanza, AF Lanzafame, AC Karpen, JT Antiochos, SK Klimchuk, JA MacNeice, PJ AF Spadaro, D Lanza, AF Lanzafame, AC Karpen, JT Antiochos, SK Klimchuk, JA MacNeice, PJ TI A transient heating model for coronal structure and dynamics SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : transition region; Sun : UV radiation ID SOLAR TRANSITION REGION; 3-DIMENSIONAL STEREOSCOPIC ANALYSIS; LOOP RADIATIVE HYDRODYNAMICS; DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; SIPHON FLOWS; TRACE; SOHO; TEMPERATURE; PROFILES; SUMER AB A wealth of observational evidence for flows and intensity variations in nonflaring coronal loops leads to the conclusion that coronal heating is intrinsically unsteady and concentrated near the chromosphere. We have investigated the hydrodynamic behavior of coronal loops undergoing transient heating with one-dimensional numerical simulations in which the timescale assumed for the heating variations (3000 s) is comparable to the coronal radiative cooling time and the assumed heating location and scale height (10 Mm) are consistent with the values derived from TRACE studies. The model loops represent typical active region loops: 40 80 Mm in length, reaching peak temperatures up to 6 MK. We use ARGOS, our state-of-the-art numerical code with adaptive mesh refinement, in order to resolve adequately the dynamic chromospheric-coronal transition region sections of the loop. The major new results from our work are the following: (1) During much of the cooling phase, the loops exhibit densities significantly larger than those predicted by the well-known loop scaling laws, thus potentially explaining recent TRACE observations of overdense loops. (2) Throughout the transient heating interval, downflows appear in the lower transition region (T similar to 0.1 MK) whose key signature would be persistent, redshifted UV and EUV line emission, as have long been observed. (3) Strongly unequal heating in the two legs of the loop drives siphon flows from the more strongly heated footpoint to the other end, thus explaining the substantial bulk flows in loops recently observed by the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer and the Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emission Radiation instrument. We discuss the implications of our studies for the physical origins of coronal heating and related dynamic phenomena. C1 Osserv Astrofis Catania, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-95123 Catania, Italy. Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, I-95125 Catania, Italy. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Osserv Astrofis Catania, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-95123 Catania, Italy. EM dspadaro@ct.astro.it RI Lanzafame, Alessandro/A-1129-2012; Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012; Karpen, Judith/E-1484-2012; MacNeice, Peter/F-5587-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Lanzafame, Alessandro/0000-0002-2697-3607; Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305; Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 49 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 582 IS 1 BP 486 EP 494 DI 10.1086/344508 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 628MX UT WOS:000180000600047 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Dere, KP Howard, RA Bothmer, V AF Zhang, J Dere, KP Howard, RA Bothmer, V TI Identification of solar sources of major geomagnetic storms between 1996 and 2000 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; INTERACTION REGIONS; WIND; INTERPLANETARY; EVENTS; FLARES; FIELDS; LASCO AB This paper presents identification of solar coronal mass ejection (CME) sources for 27 major geomagnetic storms (defined by disturbance storm time index less than or equal to -100 nT) occurring between 1996 and 2000. Observations of CMEs and their solar surface origins are obtained from the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) and the EUV Imaging Telescope (EIT) instruments on the SOHO spacecraft. Our identification has two steps. The first step is to select candidate front-side halo (FSH) CMEs using a fixed 120 hr time window. The second step is to use solar wind data to provide further constraints, e. g., an adaptive time window defined based on the solar wind speed of the corresponding interplanetary CMEs. We finally find that 16 of the 27 (59%) major geomagnetic storms are identified with unique FSH CMEs. Six of the 27 events (22%) are associated with multiple FSH CMEs. These six events show complex solar wind flows and complex geomagnetic activity, which are probably the result of multiple halo CMEs interacting in interplanetary space. A complex event occurs when multiple FSH CMEs are produced within a short period. Four of the 27 (15%) events are associated with partial-halo gradual CMEs emerging from the east limb. The surface origin of these events is not known because of a lack of any EIT signature. We believe that they are longitudinally extended CMEs having a component moving along the Sun-Earth connection line. One of the 27 major geomagnetic storms is caused by a corotating interaction region. We find an asymmetry in the longitudinal distribution of solar source region for the CMEs responsible for major geomagnetic storms. They are more likely to originate from the western hemisphere than from the eastern hemisphere. In terms of latitude, most geoeffective CMEs originate within a latitude strip of +/-30degrees. The average transit time for a solar CME to arrive at the near-Earth space is found to be 64 hr, while it takes 78 hr on average to reach the peak of the geomagnetic storm. There is a correlation between CME transit time from the Sun to the near-Earth space (T, in hours) and the CME initial velocity (V, in unit of kilometers per second) at the Sun, which can be simply described as T = 96 - (V/21). We also find that while these geoeffective CMEs are either full-halo CMEs (67%) or partial-halo CMEs (30%), there is no preference for them to be fast CMEs or to be associated with major flares and erupting laments. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37189 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 40 TC 133 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 582 IS 1 BP 520 EP 533 DI 10.1086/344611 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 628MX UT WOS:000180000600050 ER PT J AU Young, PR Del Zanna, G Landi, E Dere, KP Mason, HE Landini, M AF Young, PR Del Zanna, G Landi, E Dere, KP Mason, HE Landini, M TI Chianti - An atomic database for emission lines. VI. Proton rates and other improvements SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE atomic data; stars : atmospheres; Sun : atmosphere ID ELECTRON-IMPACT-EXCITATION; FINE-STRUCTURE TRANSITIONS; EFFECTIVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; HEAVY-PARTICLE IMPACT; BE-LIKE IONS; N = 2; NITROGEN ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; STRUCTURE FORBIDDEN TRANSITIONS; PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; EXPERIMENTAL LEVEL VALUES AB The CHIANTI atomic database contains atomic energy levels, wavelengths, radiative transition probabilities, and electron excitation data for a large number of ions of astrophysical interest. Version 4 has been released, and proton excitation data are now included, principally for ground configuration levels that are close in energy. The fitting procedure for excitation data, both electrons and protons, has been extended to allow nine-point spline fits in addition to the previous five-point spline fits. This allows higher quality fits to data from close-coupling calculations where resonances can lead to significant structure in the Maxwellian-averaged collision strengths. The effects of photoexcitation and stimulated emission by a blackbody radiation field in a spherical geometry on the level balance equations of the CHIANTI ions can now be studied following modi cations to the CHIANTI software. With the addition of H I He I and N I the first neutral species have been added to CHIANTI. Many updates to existing ion data sets are described, while several new ions have been added to the database, including Ar IV Fe vi and Ni XXI. The two-photon continuum is now included in the spectral synthesis routines, and a new code for calculating the relativistic free-free continuum has been added. The treatment of the free-bound continuum has also been updated. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 9EW, England. ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, Florence, Italy. RP Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 176 TC 268 Z9 269 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 144 IS 1 BP 135 EP 152 DI 10.1086/344365 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 627XT UT WOS:000179962500005 ER PT J AU Marengo, M Karovska, M Sasselov, DD Papaliolios, C Armstrong, JT Nordgren, TE AF Marengo, M Karovska, M Sasselov, DD Papaliolios, C Armstrong, JT Nordgren, TE TI Cepheid limb darkening models for the VLTI SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Very Large Telescope Interferometer CY SEP 05-07, 2002 CL UNIV PORTO, DEPT MATEMAT APLICADA & MATEMAT PURA, OPORTO, PORTUGAL SP Soc Portuguesa Astronomia HO UNIV PORTO, DEPT MATEMAT APLICADA & MATEMAT PURA ID DISTANCE; STAR; LINE AB We present a new method to compute wavelength- and phase-dependent limb darkening corrections for classical Cepheids. These corrections are derived from hydrodynamic simulations and radiative transfer modeling with a full set of atomic and molecular opacities. Comparison with hydrostatic models having the same stellar parameters show a larger limb darkening for most phases in our models, and temporal variations related to the hydrodynamics of the stellar pulsation. We assess the implications of our results with respect to the geometric Baade-Wesselink method, which uses interferometric measurements of Cepheid angular diameters to determine their distances and radii. The relevance of the hydrodynamic effects predicted by our model on the limb darkening of pulsating Cepheids is finally discussed in terms of the predicted capabilities of the VLTI. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Redlands, Dept Phys, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. RP Marengo, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2003 VL 286 IS 1-2 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1023/A:1026171925432 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 732BK UT WOS:000185920800022 ER PT J AU Boucouvala, D Bornstein, R Wilkinson, J Miller, D AF Boucouvala, D Bornstein, R Wilkinson, J Miller, D TI MM5 simulations of a SCOS97-NARSTO episode SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Southern California Ozone Study (SCOS97-NARSTO) Data Analysis Conference CY FEB 13-15, 2001 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA DE SCOS97-NARSTO; SoCAB; MM5; meteorological conditions ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; FIELD-COHERENCE TECHNIQUE; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; COAST AIR BASIN; MESOSCALE CIRCULATIONS; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; PROGRAM DESIGN; BOUNDARY-LAYER; QUALITY AB MM5 simulations of the 4-7 August SCOS97-NARSTO ozone episode in the SoCAB showed that a relatively rare easterly upper-level background flow influenced surface wind flow directions at in-land sites. An inland-moving surface convergence zone resulted where the offshore background flow met an inland moving westerly (sea breeze plus thermal upslope) onshore flow. Maximum inland penetration of the zone was to the San Gabriel Mountains, where it produced peak observed ozone concentrations. MM5 reproduced the main qualitative features of the evolution of the diurnal sea breeze cycle, as it reproduced the opposing easterly flow, inland movement of the sea breeze front, and retreat of the land breeze front. The accuracy of predicted surface winds and temperatures were improved by modifications of MM5 and/or its input parameters, e.g., by use of the PSU MBLI scheme, analysis nudging with NCAR/NCEP model output, accurate specification of deep-soil temperature, observational nudging with SCOS97-NARSTO surface and upper level winds and temperatures, and use of updated urban land-use patterns. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. Univ Athens, Dept Appl Phys, Athens, Greece. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Bornstein, R (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2003 VL 37 SU 2 BP S95 EP S117 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00384-4 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 730KD UT WOS:000185829200007 ER PT S AU Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B Jain, AK AF Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B Jain, AK BE Kittler, J Nixon, MS TI Synthetic eyes SO AUDIO-BASED AND VIDEO-BASED BIOMETRIC PERSON AUTHENTICATION, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication CY JUN 09-11, 2003 CL UNIV SURREY, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SP Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, IEE, British Machine Vis Assoc, Dept Trade & Ind, Springer Verlag GmbH HO UNIV SURREY ID FACE RECOGNITION; EIGENFACES AB It is difficult to have a dependable face recognition system when only a single (or a few) image(s) per subject is used in the training set. Due to significant natural facial variations, e.g., facial expression, and appearances due to lighting condition, and head pose (even when dealing with "frontal view"), the use of a collection of images covering these variations and appearances will be of great help. We show that the expansion of the training set, by careful construction of synthetic images that capture all or most of the desired appearances can significantly improve the performance, especially when only one (or several, but very similar) real image(s) of a given individual are available. To have a better understanding of the issues involved, we address an inherently simpler problem, i.e. face/identity recognition/verification using only one eye and its associated eyebrow, We will particularly emphasize the synthesis and automation issues. Moreover, our experimental results indicate that the eye is rich in discriminative information, perhaps providing more information than what is normally utilized by humans. This wealth of information, however, can be exploited by machines for close-up images. Finally, we speculate that a similar improvement can be achieved when the training set is enriched with carefully generated synthetic images of the entire face. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kamgar-Parsi, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40302-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2688 BP 412 EP 420 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX31Z UT WOS:000184940200049 ER PT B AU Spanos, G Kral, MV AF Spanos, G Kral, MV BE Damm, EB Merwin, MJ TI The proeutectoid cementite transformation SO AUSTENITE FORMATION AND DECOMPOSITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Austenite Formation and Decomposition CY NOV 09-12, 2003 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Iron & Steel Soc, Prod Phys Met Comm, ASM MSCTS, Phase Transformat Comm, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, MPMD ID IRON-CARBON ALLOYS; WIDMANSTATTEN CEMENTITE; 3-DIMENSIONAL MORPHOLOGY; ORIENTATION RELATIONSHIP; HABIT PLANE; AUSTENITE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; STEEL; GROWTH; FERRITE AB For almost a century now, a significant knowledge base has been developed for the proeutectoid cementite transformation, due to its usefulness as a model system in which to study phase transformations, and due to its technological importance in both Hadfield steels and newer high carbon steels which can exhibit superplastic behavior. More recent investigations (within about the last ten years) have shed significant new light on this transformation. This paper attempts to provide a very brief overview of some of the major characteristics of the proeutectoid cementite transformation, encompassing research from more than 70 years ago to the present, but With emphasis on the more current findings. Aspects of the cementite transformation which will be touched upon here include: (1) temperature-composition range of formation, (2) three-dimensional morphology, distribution, and nucleation site(s) as a function of temperature and composition, (3) crystallography and habit plane, (4) interfacial structure, (5) formation mechanism(s), (6) growth,kinetics, and (7) alloying element effects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Spanos, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6324, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kral, Milo/C-2904-2009 NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-559-X PY 2003 BP 415 EP 424 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BY34S UT WOS:000188997300030 ER PT B AU Fonda, RW Kral, MV Reynolds, WT AF Fonda, RW Kral, MV Reynolds, WT BE Damm, EB Merwin, MJ TI The interfacial structure of Widmanstatten cementite laths SO AUSTENITE FORMATION AND DECOMPOSITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Austenite Formation and Decomposition CY NOV 09-12, 2003 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Iron & Steel Soc, Prod Phys Met Comm, ASM MSCTS, Phase Transformat Comm, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, MPMD ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ORIENTATION RELATIONSHIP; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; AL ALLOY; AUSTENITE; MORPHOLOGY; BOUNDARY; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; STEEL AB The decomposition of austenite to proeutectoid cementite can produce two distinct Widmanstatten morphologios: broad monolithic plates and aggregates of narrow laths. Each of these morphologies correlates to it specific orientation relationship between the precipitating cementite and the parent austenite cementite precipitates with a Pitsch orientation relationship adopt the monolithic plate morphology while precipitates with a Farooque-Edmonds orientation relationship develop as laths. While the plate morphology has been studied extensively, the lath morphology was discovered only recently and is the one emphasized of this study. Cementite laths nucleate front dendrite-like cementite that, grows along austenite grain boundaries. The laths grow with it well-defined crystallographic orientation relationship and growth direction. The interface plane associated with the lath's broad face, however, is not constrained to any specific orientation but rotates about the growth direction over a range of about 25 degrees. The interfacial structure of these laths is less regular than that of cementite plates and contains both periodic and irregularly-spaced interfacial defects. The results of a moire model of the atomic matching between cementite and austenite crystals suggests the Farooque-Edmonds orientation relationship produces interphase boundaries with small areas of good matching between cementite and austenite but no directions of good linear matching. No boundary orientations were identified that had significantly better matching than all other orientations. It is hypothesized that the absence of best-matching boundary orientation allows the broad face of cementite laths to wander about; tit average orientation rather than selecting a well-defined habit plane. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6325, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kral, Milo/C-2904-2009 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-559-X PY 2003 BP 425 EP 436 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BY34S UT WOS:000188997300031 ER PT B AU Ross, WA AF Ross, WA GP IEEE IEEE TI The impact of next generation test technology on aviation maintenance SO AUTOTESTCON 2003, PROCEEDINGS: FUTURE SUSTAINMENT FOR MILITARY AND AEROSPACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2003 Conference CY SEP 22-25, 2003 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Orange Country Sect AB This paper begins by reviewing the back-ground of avionics maintenance in DoD. It defines O, I and D levels of maintenance and details their implementation in each of the Services. OSD's ATS policy and its implementation are reviewed, as are the DoD ATS Executive Agent's goals, objectives and strategy which has five elements (management tools, DoD ATS Technical Framework-, jointly develop test technologies, system-level technology demonstrations and Services implementations). The paper then details test technologies currently being developed and demonstrated by Joint Service teams. These include Multiple Low Analog Stimulus and Measurement which enable one VXI card to simultaneously provide multiple instruments; Synthetic Measurement and Stimulus Instruments; the Programmable Bus Test Instrument; ATS software technologies including multiple runtime environments, ATML, dynamic test strategies, and better use of diagnostics data; downsized electro-optics testers; and the DoD ATS Open Technical Architecture Framework which evolves as the technologies evolve. The paper discusses system level demonstrations, focusing on the ARGCS project. It then explores the impact on aviation maintenance and the many benefits of the test technologies being developed. It discusses the increased ease of reusing test software, the reduced distinction between test capability found at 0, 1 and D levels of maintenance, the increased speed with which test capability can be fielded, the effect of an evolutionary acquisition approach on next generation testers, the blurring of boundaries between the various levels of maintenance, continued reductions in total ownership costs, and the significantly improved inter-Service interoperability of automatic testers. The paper concludes with a vision of the future centered around a robust, flexible test capability that makes possible a "purple" maintenance unit with broad capability to support Joint warfighting task forces comprised of weapon systems from all the Services. C1 USN, Air Syst Command PMA260D, DoD Automat Test Syst Execut Agent Off, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Ross, WA (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command PMA260D, DoD Automat Test Syst Execut Agent Off, Bldg 2272,Unit IPT,Suite 349,47123 Buse Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7837-7 PY 2003 BP 2 EP 9 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BX81D UT WOS:000186501400001 ER PT B AU Mitsdarffer, KB Hoover, LR Thelen, D AF Mitsdarffer, KB Hoover, LR Thelen, D GP IEEE IEEE TI In-system phase measurement of pulsed microwave amplifiers SO AUTOTESTCON 2003, PROCEEDINGS: FUTURE SUSTAINMENT FOR MILITARY AND AEROSPACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2003 Conference CY SEP 22-25, 2003 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Orange Country Sect AB This paper discusses measurement techniques tha can estimate the phase of pulsed microwave amplifiers. In addition to the traditional techniques that use a phase bridge or vector network analyzer, a dual channel downconverter (DCD) technique was developed. The use of this patent-pending DCD unit offers ease of installation, complex stimulus modulation compatibility, low-cost, supportability, stability, and accuracy. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Mitsdarffer, KB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code 80941 Bldg 3168,300 Highway 361, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7837-7 PY 2003 BP 215 EP 216 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BX81D UT WOS:000186501400034 ER PT B AU Tran, LH Mai, T Molnar, JA AF Tran, LH Mai, T Molnar, JA GP IEEE IEEE TI Matlab and COTS instrumentations to reduce time and risk factors in design to the stand-alone QAM test system SO AUTOTESTCON 2003, PROCEEDINGS: FUTURE SUSTAINMENT FOR MILITARY AND AEROSPACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2003 Conference CY SEP 22-25, 2003 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Orange Country Sect AB As the data rate of digital communications increases the selection and testing of components and subsystems has new challenges. The design and development a standalone high data rate digital communication test system requires greater effort in the design and development of state of the art software and hardware. There are risk factors such as time and capital expenses associated with such development. Using commercial-of-the-shell (COTS) software/hardware and standalone instruments to study the feasibility of the development is a great approach to eliminate risk factors and reduce development time. In this paper, we will discuss how Matlab and standalone COTS instruments can be used to cut down the time to study the feasibility of a high speed digital communication test system(1). The result is a rack-and-stack QAM transceiver with the capability to characterize a Device Under Test (DUT) in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) and Error Vector Magnitude (EVM). Other characteristics of DUT are also evaluated. The advantages of COTS rack-and-stack system are time reduction in development and return of capital investment, however, COTS stack-and-Rack system cannot cope with all aspects of high speed modern digital communications. Once the concept was proven it will be transfer from rack-and-stack to a standalone test system which includes its own circuitry and embedded controller. The standalone digital communications test system is the ultimate goal of this study, since it provides the portability and speed required to support high speed modern digital communications. Advantages and disadvantage of stack-and rack and standalone QAM test system will be presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tran, LH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7837-7 PY 2003 BP 490 EP 495 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BX81D UT WOS:000186501400074 ER PT B AU Allen, D AF Allen, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Probabilities associated with a Built-In-Test system, focus on false alarms SO AUTOTESTCON 2003, PROCEEDINGS: FUTURE SUSTAINMENT FOR MILITARY AND AEROSPACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2003 Conference CY SEP 22-25, 2003 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Orange Country Sect AB This paper shows that some Built-In-Test (BIT) systems will have an intrinsic 50 percent false alarm rate. The paper also shows how Bayes' Theorem can be used to analyze how variation of BIT characteristics can increase or decrease the intrinsic false alarm rate. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Corona Div, Corona, CA 92878 USA. RP Allen, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Corona Div, POB 5000, Corona, CA 92878 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7837-7 PY 2003 BP 643 EP 645 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BX81D UT WOS:000186501400097 ER PT B AU Voigt, KA AF Voigt, KA GP IEEE IEEE TI "What is the real cost?" SO AUTOTESTCON 2003, PROCEEDINGS: FUTURE SUSTAINMENT FOR MILITARY AND AEROSPACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2003 Conference CY SEP 22-25, 2003 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Orange Country Sect AB The realities of a system's development process are described by the cliche': "Pay me now or pay me later." Everything costs something -- there is no free lunch. However, there are less costly lunches. We are driven to lessen the cost, while still trying to garner the same or greater value. All decisions have a relative cost associated with them, in both the short and long term. Further, this cost is seen differently by those who pay it, than by those who make the decisions that incur it -- they are often not the same people. Yet it should always be our charge to manage the reduction of those costs over the lifecycle, not just under our watch. C1 USN, Air Depot, Jacksonville, FL 32215 USA. RP Voigt, KA (reprint author), USN, Air Depot, Code 4-8-9-2,6206 Aviat Blvd, Jacksonville, FL 32215 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7837-7 PY 2003 BP 679 EP 686 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BX81D UT WOS:000186501400104 ER PT J AU Dromsky, DM Weathersby, PK Fahlman, A AF Dromsky, DM Weathersby, PK Fahlman, A TI Prophylactic high dose methylprednisolone fails to treat severe decompression sickness in swine SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diving; DCS; swine; saturation diving; methylprednisolone; steroids ID SPINAL-CORD INJURY; PORCINE MODEL; DRUG-THERAPY; ILLNESS AB Introduction: Controlled decompression from saturation conditions is not always an option, particularly in a disabled submarine scenario. Hypothesis. Prophylactic high dose methylprednisolone (MP) would improve outcome in severe cases of decompression sickness (DCS). Methods: Littermate pairs of male Yorkshire swine (n = 86, mean weight +/- SE = 19.3 +/- 0.2 kg) were randomized to one of three groups, then compressed on air to 4.3 ATA (33 msw) for 22 h and brought directly to surface pressure (1 ATA) at 0.9 ATA . min(-1). The MP-50 group received i.v. infusion of 50 mg . kg(-1) of MP dissolved in 60 cc normal saline (NS) immediately prior to the hyperbaric exposure. The NS group received 60 cc NS i.v. immediately prior to the hyperbaric exposure. The MP-10 group received i.v. infusion of 10 mg . kg(-1) MP dissolved in 60 cc NS during the hyperbaric exposure, 7 h before the decompression. Results: Outcomes of severe DCS and death were recorded. NS group: 14 DCS, 4 died; MP-50 group: 19 DCS, 12 died; MP-10 group: 19 DCS, 10 died. Compared with the NS group, logistic regression analysis suggested that animals in the MP-10 group were more likely to get severe DCS and to die (p < 0.01) and animals in the MP-50 group were more likely to die from their disease (p < 0.01). Discussion: Prophylactic high dose MP exerts no protective effect against severe DCS and actually worsens mortality in this model. An earlier group of untreated controls (UC, n = 44, 30 DCS, 11 died, mean weight +/- SE = 19.9 +/- 0.3 kg) exposed to the same profile was also available for analysis. Comparison of the UC and NS animals suggested that pre-dive NS treatment may protect against severe DCS. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Diving & Environm Physiol Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Dromsky, DM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Diving & Environm Physiol Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Fahlman, Andreas/A-2901-2011 OI Fahlman, Andreas/0000-0002-8675-6479 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 632BT UT WOS:000180204100003 PM 12546295 ER PT J AU Paskoff, G AF Paskoff, G TI Parachute opening shock simulator to determine cervical injury tolerance SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Crew Syst Dept, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Paskoff, G (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Crew Syst Dept, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1 BP 95 EP 95 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 632BT UT WOS:000180204100016 PM 12546309 ER PT J AU Straizys, V Kazlauskas, A Cerniauskas, A Boyle, RP Vrba, FJ Philip, AGD Laugalys, V Cernis, K Smriglio, F AF Straizys, V Kazlauskas, A Cerniauskas, A Boyle, RP Vrba, FJ Philip, AGD Laugalys, V Cernis, K Smriglio, F TI Overlapping open clusters NGC 1750 and NGC 1758 behind the Taurus dark clouds. II. CCD photometry in the Vilnius system SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE techniques : photometric : Vilnius photometric system; stars : fundamental parameters, classification; ISM : extinction, dust clouds; open clusters : individual objects : NGC 1750, NGC 1758 ID PROPER MOTIONS AB Seven-color photometry in the Vilnius system has been obtained for 420 stars down to V == 16 mag in the area containing the overlapping open clusters NGC 1750 and NGC 1758 in Taurus. Spectral and luminosity classes, color excesses, interstellar extinctions and distances are given for 287 stars. The classification of stars is based on their reddening-free Q-parameters. 18 stars observed photoelectrically were used as standards. The extinction vs. distance diagram exhibits the presence of one dust cloud at a distance of 175 pc which almost coincides with a distance of other dust clouds in the Taurus complex. The clusters NGC 1750 and NGC 1758 are found to be at the same distance of similar to760 pc and may penetrate each other. Their interstellar extinction A(V) is 1.06 mag which corresponds to EB-V = 0.34 mag. C1 Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-2600 Vilnius, Lithuania. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Vatican Observ Res Grp, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Inst Space Observ, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Specola Vaticana, I-00120 Vatican City, Vatican. RP Straizys, V (reprint author), Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, Gostauto 12, LT-2600 Vilnius, Lithuania. RI Boyle, Richard/G-7257-2012 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2003 VL 12 IS 3 BP 323 EP 351 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 733UR UT WOS:000186019500002 ER PT J AU Laugalys, V Boyle, RP Kazlauskas, A Vrba, FJ Philip, AGD Straizys, V AF Laugalys, V Boyle, RP Kazlauskas, A Vrba, FJ Philip, AGD Straizys, V TI Large-scale errors in CCD photometry of M 67 SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Stellar Photometry CY SEP 17-20, 2003 CL VILNIUS, LITHUANIA DE clusters : individual : M67; methods : observational, data analysis ID OPEN CLUSTER M67 AB The accuracy of new CCD photometry in the Vilnius system of the M 67 cluster is analyzed. The observational material is obtained during six observing runs in 1994-2001 with the 1 meter telescope of the USNO Flagstaff Station. The main task was to establish CCD standards of high accuracy and to eliminate large-scale errors from our CCD photometry. We compare our. results with the published CCD photometric data in other photometric systems. The comparison reveals considerable systematic errors in some datasets. C1 Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Inst Space Observat, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Steward Observ, Vatican Observ, Res Grp, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Laugalys, V (reprint author), Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, Gostauto 12, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. RI Boyle, Richard/G-7257-2012 NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 497 EP 502 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 769MJ UT WOS:000188653600011 ER PT B AU Long, JW Young, AL Rolison, DR AF Long, JW Young, AL Rolison, DR BE Nazri, GA Takeuchi, E Koetz, R Scrosati, B TI Spectroelectrochemical characterization of nanostructured, mesoporous manganese oxide in aqueous electrolytes SO BATTERIES AND SUPERCAPACITORS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Batteries and Supercapacitors CY 2001 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Battery & Energy Technol Div, Int Soc Electrochem ID ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; ELECTROCHROMIC BEHAVIOR; SUPERCAPACITOR; AEROGELS; DIOXIDE; STORAGE; FILMS; AREA AB Manganese oxide (MnOx) xerogel and ambigel films are investigated as ultracapacitor electrodes in unbuffered aqueous electrolytes. These nanostructured, mesoporous gels, derived from the sol-gel reaction of NaMnO4.H2O and fumaric acid, are cast as continuous thin films on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) glass. Further processing of the wet gels produces birnessite NadeltaMnO2.xH(2)O in either a densified xerogel or a more highly porous ambigel film. The pseudocapacitance of these mesoporous MnOx films in unbuffered aqueous electrolytes are characterized by spectroelectrochemical methods. Monitoring the changes in the optical absorbance during electrochemical cycling provides an in-situ measure of the electronic state of the MnOx as the electrode is charged and discharged. Manganese oxide films prepared as highly porous ambigels exhibit a more capacitive-like character than xerogels, and also undergo less capacity loss with cycling. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-354-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 BP 752 EP 759 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BAG67 UT WOS:000222114700075 ER PT S AU Smith, JF Firth, Z AF Smith, JF Firth, Z BE Suresh, R TI Network-centric fuzzy resource manager: structure and validation SO BATTLESPACE DIGITIZATION AND NETWORK-CENTRIC SYSTEMS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Battlespace Digitization and Network-Centric Systems III CY APR 23-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE fuzzy logic; resource management; genetic algorithms; expert systems; distributed AI algorithms AB A fuzzy logic expert system has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack resources on different platforms in real-time. This resource manager is made up of four trees, the isolated platform tree, the multi-platform tree, the fuzzy parameter selection tree and the fuzzy strategy tree. The isolated platform tree provides a fuzzy decision tree that allows an individual platform to respond to a threat. The multi-platform tree allows a group of platforms to respond to a threat in a collaborative fashion. A genetic algorithm is used to optimize the resource manager. A genetic program is used to evolve optimal fuzzy decision tree topology. The non-uniqueness of the tree structure is considered. The superiority of a genetic program evolved tree compared to a tree written down exclusively based on expertise is discussed. Fuzzy membership functions related to four fuzzy concepts are given. Experiments designed to test these concepts in the expert system are discussed, as well as the resource manager's ability to: allow multiple platforms to self-organize without the benefit of a commander; to tolerate errors made by other systems; and to deal with multiple distinct enemy strategies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4961-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5101 BP 192 EP 202 DI 10.1117/12.486038 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BX38K UT WOS:000185092300021 ER PT S AU Baer, W Campbell, TR AF Baer, W Campbell, TR BE Suresh, R TI Rapid terrain database generation using image differencing and 3D terrain editing tools SO BATTLESPACE DIGITIZATION AND NETWORK-CENTRIC SYSTEMS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Battlespace Digitization and Network-Centric Systems III CY APR 23-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE remote sensing; target mensuration; image feedback; image differencing; geographic; tomography; synthetic environments; battlefield environment generation AB The ability to rapidly and inexpensively generate terrain databases to replicate actual terrain is critical to insuring correlation between the results from live, virtual, and constructive simulations used in testing and evaluating weapons, sensors, and battlefield command and control systems. In this paper we describe a technique for producing battlefield terrain data sets from oblique aerial photos and other non-traditional data sources using image differencing and 3D terrain editing tools. This technique uses a feedback loop to calculate terrain data parameters from differences between actual sensor imagery and synthetic imagery of replicated terrain created by an image generator. The technique is especially well suited for updating knowledge of battlefield situations from reconnaissance and remotely piloted vehicle sensors. It also holds promise for automation and real-time data reduction of battlefield sensor feeds and improved now-time situational awareness. We will present the algorithms and approach utilized in the Image Differencing technique. We will also describe the software developed to implement the approach. Lastly we will present the results of experiments and benchmarks conducted to measure the effectiveness and progress made toward real-time terrain database generation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Baer, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Code IS, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4961-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5101 BP 212 EP 223 DI 10.1117/12.488262 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BX38K UT WOS:000185092300023 ER PT S AU Luce, R Michael, S AF Luce, R Michael, S BE Pakhomov, AV TI An experiment to demonstrate spacecraft power beaming and solar cell annealing using high-energy lasers SO BEAMED ENERGY PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Beamed Energy Propulsion CY NOV 05-07, 2002 CL UNIV ALABAMA, HUNTSVILLE, AL SP NASA George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NASA Exptl Program Stimulate Competit Res, Alabama Space Grant Consortium, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Univ Alabama Huntsville, Propuls Res Ctr, Seoul Natl Univ, BK-21 Mech Engn Res Div, Rensselaer Polytech Inst HO UNIV ALABAMA AB Satellite lifetime is often limited by degradation of the electrical power subsystem, e.g. radiation-damaged solar arrays or failed batteries. Being able to beam power from terrestrial sites could alleviate this limitation, extending the lifetime of billions of dollars of satellite assets, as well as providing additional energy for electric propulsion that can be used for stationkeeping and orbital changes. In addition, laboratory research at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) has shown the potential to anneal damaged solar cells using lasers. This paper describes that research and a proposed Maui experiment to demonstrate the relevant concepts by lasing PANSAT, an NPS-built and operated spacecraft. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Luce, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, 699 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0126-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 664 BP 461 EP 472 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BW81G UT WOS:000183255300044 ER PT J AU D'Andrea, JA Chou, CK Johnston, SA Adair, ER AF D'Andrea, JA Chou, CK Johnston, SA Adair, ER TI Microwave effects on the nervous system SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Setting a Science-Based Standard for Safe Human Exposure to RF Electromagneticn Fields - A Tribute to Eleanor R Adair CY 2002 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP USAF Res Lab DE radiofrequency exposure; EEG; evoked responses; morphology; blood-brain barrier; neurochemistry; hypersensitivity; thermal; brain ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; CENTRAL CHOLINERGIC ACTIVITY; MOBILE PHONE USE; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; ETHANOL-INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA; FIXED-INTERVAL BEHAVIOR; WORKING-MEMORY TASK; AFFECTS HUMAN SLEEP; EYE-MOVEMENT SLEEP AB Studies have evaluated the electroencephalography (EEG) of humans and laboratory animals during and after Radiofrequency (RF) exposures. Effects of RF exposure on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have been generally accepted for exposures that are thermalizing. Low level exposures that report alterations of the BBB remain controversial. Exposure to high levels of RF energy can damage the structure and function of the nervous system. Much research has focused on the neurochemistry of the brain and the reported effects of RF exposure. Research with isolated brain tissue has provided new results that do not seem to rely on thermal mechanisms. Studies of individuals who are reported to be sensitive to electric and magnetic fields are discussed. In this review of the literature, it is difficult to draw conclusions concerning hazards to human health. The many exposure parameters such as frequency, orientation, modulation, power density, and duration of exposure make direct comparison of many experiments difficult. At high exposure power densities, thermal effects are prevalent and can lead to adverse consequences. At lower levels of exposure biological effects may still occur but thermal mechanisms are not ruled out. It is concluded that the diverse methods and experimental designs as well as lack of replication of many seemingly important studies prevents formation of definite conclusions concerning hazardous nervous system health effects from RF exposure. The only firm conclusion that may be drawn is the potential for hazardous thermal consequences of high power RF exposure. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Microwave Dept, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Motorola Florida Res Labs, Plantation, FL USA. RP D'Andrea, JA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Microwave Dept, 8315 Navy Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 230 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 2003 SU 6 BP S107 EP S147 DI 10.1002/bem.10179 PG 41 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 753YY UT WOS:000187277000010 ER PT J AU Brizzolara, RA Nordham, DJ Walch, M Lennen, RM Simmons, R Burnett, E Mazzola, MS AF Brizzolara, RA Nordham, DJ Walch, M Lennen, RM Simmons, R Burnett, E Mazzola, MS TI Non-chemical biofouling control in heat exchangers and seawater piping systems using acoustic pulses generated by an electrical discharge SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE biofouling control; biofouling inhibition; biofilm; pulsed acoustics; heat exchanger; seawater piping AB Acoustic pulses generated by an electrical discharge (pulsed acoustics) were investigated as a means for biofouling control in two test formats, viz. a 5/8" outside diameter titanium tube and a mockup heat exchanger. The pulsed acoustic device, when operated at 17 kV, demonstrated 95% inhibition of microfouling over a 20 ft length of titanium tube over a 4-week period, comparable to chlorination in combination with a high-velocity flush. The pulsed acoustic device inhibited microfouling over a downstream distance of 15 ft, therefore, a single pulsed acoustic device is theoretically capable of protecting at least 30 ft of tube from microfouling (15 ft on either side of the device). A correlation between acoustic intensity in the frequency range 0.01-1 MHz and the level of biofouling inhibition was observed. The threshold acoustic intensity for microfouling inhibition was determined for this frequency range. It was also observed that the orientation of the device is critical to obtaining microfouling inhibition. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. SBB Technol, S Florida Test Fac, Dania, FL 33004 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1 BP 19 EP 35 DI 10.1080/0892701021000060842 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 624TU UT WOS:000179778300003 PM 14618686 ER PT S AU Jhaveri, S Foos, EE Ancona, MG Snow, AW Twigg, ME Chang, E Pilobello, K Goldman, E Lowy, D AF Jhaveri, S Foos, EE Ancona, MG Snow, AW Twigg, ME Chang, E Pilobello, K Goldman, E Lowy, D BE Simon, U Schmid, G Hong, S Stranick, SJ Arrivo, SM TI DNA templating of ethylene-oxide-coated nanoclusters SO BIOINSPIRED NANOSCALE HYBRID SYSTEMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bioinspired Nanoscale Hybrid Systems held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-04, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, USAF, Off Sci Res, AlCove Surfaces, Henkel, Pfizer Global Res & Dev, NIST ID NANOPARTICLES AB Using gel electrophoresis we demonstrate the attachment of short ssDNAs to a new type of water-soluble gold nanocluster that is encapsulated with ethylene oxide ligands. Initial experiments indicate that these DNA/nanocluster conjugates can subsequently be hybridized to a longer DNA template suggesting a pathway for nanofabrication of multi-cluster assemblies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jhaveri, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-672-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 735 BP 159 EP 163 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Materials Science GA BW86R UT WOS:000183431000026 ER PT S AU Merritt, CD Falkenstein, PL Justus, BL AF Merritt, CD Falkenstein, PL Justus, BL BE Ozkan, CS Santini, JT Gao, H Bao, G TI Large area, high aspect ratio microelectrode arrays SO BIOMICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (BIOMEMS) SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biomicroelectromechanical Systems (BioMEMS) held at the 2003 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, ALZA Corp, Analog Devices, IDG Ventures, MEMS Ind Grp, Micralyne Inc, MicroCHIPS Inc ID FABRICATION AB A method is described for the fabrication of arrays of conducting, high aspect-ratio microwires for use as electrodes. The electrode arrays are fabricated by electrochemical deposition of metals, including Ni, Pt, Ag, Au and Rh, in channel glass templates having parallel, uniform, hollow channels with diameters that range from sub-micrometer to over 100 micrometers. The metals completely fill the hollow channels, yielding highly uniform electrodes with aspect ratios on the order of 1000 or more. The glass template electrically insulates the electrodes from one another. The electrode array wafers are cut and polished to a thickness ranging from about 100 to 2000 micrometers. The overall surface area is as large as 1 square centimeter. Alternatively, the wafers can be partially etched with acid to remove some of the glass matrix surrounding the electrodes, exposing an array of bare, solid wire stubs. The high aspect ratio microelectrode arrays were initially fabricated in order to provide the electrical interface for an intraocular retinal prosthesis, but have additional applications including biological and chemical sensing. Arrays with different channel sizes, different electrode spacing (with pitch from approximately 3R to 20R, where R is the electrode radius), and different geometrical arrangement are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Opt Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Merritt, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Opt Phys Branch, Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-710-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 773 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BY10N UT WOS:000187670400007 ER PT S AU Clapp, AR Medintz, IL Mauro, JM Mattoussi, H AF Clapp, AR Medintz, IL Mauro, JM Mattoussi, H BE Ozkan, CS Santini, JT Gao, H Bao, G TI Quantum dot bioconjugates as energy donors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays SO BIOMICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (BIOMEMS) SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biomicroelectromechanical Systems (BioMEMS) held at the 2003 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, ALZA Corp, Analog Devices, IDG Ventures, MEMS Ind Grp, Micralyne Inc, MicroCHIPS Inc ID NANOCRYSTALLITES; PROTEIN AB Luminescent CdSe-ZnS core-shell quantum dot (QD) bioconjugates were used as energy donors in fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) binding assays. The QDs were coated with saturating amounts of genetically engineered maltose binding protein (MBP) using a non-covalent immobilization process, and Cy3 organic dyes covalently attached at a specific sequence to MBP were used as energy acceptor molecules. Energy transfer efficiency was measured as a function of the MBP-Cy3/QD molar ratio for two different donor fluorescence emissions (different QD core sizes). Apparent donor-acceptor distances were determined from these FRET studies, and the measured distances are consistent with QD-protein conjugate dimensions previously determined from structural studies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clapp, AR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-710-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 773 BP 167 EP 172 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BY10N UT WOS:000187670400024 ER PT J AU Malicka, J Gryczynski, I Maliwal, BP Fang, JY Lakowicz, JR AF Malicka, J Gryczynski, I Maliwal, BP Fang, JY Lakowicz, JR TI Fluorescence spectral properties of cyanine dye labeled DNA near metallic silver particles SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; spectral properties; cyanine dye; DNA; silver particles ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; RAMAN-SCATTERING; ISLAND FILMS; MICROARRAYS; SPECTROSCOPY; GENOMICS; SURFACE AB Recent studies have demonstrated that silver metallic particles can increase the quantum yield and decrease the lifetimes of nearby fluorophores. These studies Are extended to double stranded DNA oligomers labeled with N N'-(dipropyl)tetramethylindocarbocyanine (Cy3) or NN-(dipropyl)-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine (Cy5). The proximity to silver particles increases the apparent quantum yields and decreases the lifetimes of the double helical DNA 23-mer labeled individually with Cy3 or Cy5. The decreased lifetimes are accompanied by apparently increased photostability of the labeled oligomers near silver particles. Because of spatial averaging across the sample these results are likely to significantly underestimate the effects of silver particles on labeled DNA localized at an optimal distance from the metallic surface. These results suggest that DNA arrays fabricated on substrates with silver particles can display increased sensitivity and photostability in the analysis of gene expression. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Fluorescence Spect, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lakowicz, JR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Fluorescence Spect, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM cfs@cfs.umbi.umd.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-08119] NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2003 VL 72 IS 2 BP 96 EP 104 DI 10.1002/bip.10301 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 652CU UT WOS:000181362900003 PM 12583012 ER PT J AU Karle, I Gopi, HN Balaram, P AF Karle, I Gopi, HN Balaram, P TI An almost ideal 19-residue alpha-helix that accommodates three D-residues in the sequence SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th American Peptide Symposium CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2003 VL 71 IS 3 MA O5 BP 286 EP 287 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 696GG UT WOS:000183878800046 ER PT J AU Karle, I Gopi, HN Balaram, P AF Karle, I Gopi, HN Balaram, P TI An almost ideal 19-residue alpha-helix that accommodates three D-residues in the sequence SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th American Peptide Symposium CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2003 VL 71 IS 3 MA P060 BP 317 EP 318 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 696GG UT WOS:000183878800183 ER PT S AU DeGiorgi, VG Hogar, E Lucas, KE Wimmer, SA AF DeGiorgi, VG Hogar, E Lucas, KE Wimmer, SA BE Brebbia, CA Dippery, RE TI Issues in modeling electrochemical corrosion systems SO BOUNDARY ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY XV SE BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Boundary Element Technology CY MAY 19-21, 2003 CL DETROIT, MI SP Wessex Inst Technol, Kettering Univ ID CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS; ICCP SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB In the past computational results were compared with experimental results in order to validate the computational modeling process. The world defined in the computational model was compared directly to the world defined by the experimental process used to validate the modeling. In many cases, this is where the evaluation of the usefulness of computational modeling ended. The real world, however, is different than either computational or-experimental set up. This paper examines differences and means by which experimental and computational work can be used in conjunction to provide a better understanding of 'real world.' Details of the primary experimental method used in impressed current cathodic protection system design are presented and trend studies completed using boundary element methods are reviewed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1462-6047 BN 1-85312-971-2 J9 BOUNDR ELEMENT PY 2003 VL 4 BP 171 EP 180 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA BX13R UT WOS:000184404900017 ER PT S AU Wimmer, SA DeGiorgi, VG Hogan, E AF Wimmer, SA DeGiorgi, VG Hogan, E BE Brebbia, CA Dippery, RE TI The intricacies of modeling a simple dipole SO BOUNDARY ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY XV SE BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Boundary Element Technology CY MAY 19-21, 2003 CL DETROIT, MI SP Wessex Inst Technol, Kettering Univ AB A simple dipole experiment is modeled using a boundary element method approach. This computational approach has been shown to be well suited for handling a large volume of electrolyte and for handling the governing differential equation for electrochemical corrosion. Past work has shown that this computational method is adequate for modeling impressed current cathodic protection systems on ships by using direct comparison with experimental tank testing results. This paper focuses on determining the effect of the testing tank's geometry, sensor, placement and material on a simple dipole system. The material polarization curve for the walls of the testing tank is approximated as insulated or painted bare steel. The geometric dimensions of the testing tank and the placement of the towed sensor are varied. The effects of these material and geometric variations are explored. Accuracy, modeling assumptions and limitations of the computational approach are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wimmer, SA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1462-6047 BN 1-85312-971-2 J9 BOUNDR ELEMENT PY 2003 VL 4 BP 213 EP 222 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA BX13R UT WOS:000184404900021 ER PT S AU Wilson, JC Miller, NA Gizis, JE Skrutskie, MF Houck, JR Kirkpatrick, JD Burgasser, AJ Monet, DG AF Wilson, JC Miller, NA Gizis, JE Skrutskie, MF Houck, JR Kirkpatrick, JD Burgasser, AJ Monet, DG BE Martin, EL TI New M and L dwarfs confirmed with CorMASS SO BROWN DWARFS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 211th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY MAY 20-24, 2002 CL BIG ISL, HAWAII SP Int Astron Union ID SKY SURVEY; SEQUENCE; 2MASS AB We present new M and L-dwarfs confirmed through follow-up of 2MASS color-selected objects with the CorMASS near-infrared spectrograph (R similar to 300) on the Palomar 60-inch telescope as part of a continuing follow-up survey. Most of the objects are bright (K-S < 13). C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, UV Opt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Wilson, JC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-132-X J9 IAU SYMP PY 2003 IS 211 BP 197 EP 200 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BX04E UT WOS:000184043700041 ER PT S AU Harris, HC Dahn, CC Vrba, FJ Guetter, HH Canzian, B Henden, AA Levine, SE Luginbuhl, CB Monet, AKB Monet, DG Pier, JR Stone, RC Walker, RL AF Harris, HC Dahn, CC Vrba, FJ Guetter, HH Canzian, B Henden, AA Levine, SE Luginbuhl, CB Monet, AKB Monet, DG Pier, JR Stone, RC Walker, RL BE Martin, EL TI Parallaxes of brown dwarfs at USNO SO BROWN DWARFS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 211th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY MAY 20-24, 2002 CL BIG ISL, HAWAII SP Int Astron Union ID T-DWARFS; PHOTOMETRY; MODELS; STARS AB Trigonometric parallaxes have been measured by Dahn et al. (2002) for 28 cool dwarfs and brown dwarfs, including 17 L dwarfs and three T dwarfs. Broadband CCD and near-IR photometry (VRIz*JHK) have been obtained for these objects and for 24 additional late-type dwarfs. These data have been supplemented with astrometry and photometry from the literature, including parallaxes for the brighter companions of ten L and two T dwarfs. The absolute magnitudes and colors are reviewed here. The I - J color and the spectral type are both good predictors of absolute magnitude for late-M and L dwarfs. M-J becomes monotonically fainter with I - J color and with spectral type through late-L dwarfs, then brightens for early-T dwarfs. In contrast, the J - K color correlates poorly with absolute magnitude for L dwarfs. Using several other parameters from the literature (Li detection, Halpha emission strength, projected rotation velocity, and tangential velocity), we fail to uncover any measurable parameter that correlates with the anomalous J - K color. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Harris, HC (reprint author), USN Observ, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-132-X J9 IAU SYMP PY 2003 IS 211 BP 409 EP 412 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BX04E UT WOS:000184043700085 ER PT S AU Fox, N Aiken, J Barnett, JJ Briottet, X Carvell, R Frohlich, C Groom, SB Hagolle, O Haigh, JD Kieffer, HH Lean, J Pollock, DB Quinn, T Sandford, MCW Schaepman, M Shine, KP Schmutz, WK Teillet, PM Thome, KJ Verstraete, MM Zalewski, E AF Fox, N Aiken, J Barnett, JJ Briottet, X Carvell, R Frohlich, C Groom, SB Hagolle, O Haigh, JD Kieffer, HH Lean, J Pollock, DB Quinn, T Sandford, MCW Schaepman, M Shine, KP Schmutz, WK Teillet, PM Thome, KJ Verstraete, MM Zalewski, E BE Tsuchiya, K TI Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio-Studies (truths) SO CALIBRATION, CHARACTERIZATION OF SATELLITE SENSORS, PHYSICAL PARAMETERS DERIVED FROM SATELLITE DATA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Calibration, Characterization of Satellite Sensors, Physical Parameters Derived from Satellite Data CY OCT, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP COSPAR, IAF, NASA, NOAA, CSA, CNES, EUMETSAT, ESA, NASDA ID ANGLE IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; VICARIOUS CALIBRATION; SENSORS AB The Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio- Studies (TRUTHS) mission offers a novel approach to the provision of key scientific data with unprecedented radiometric accuracy for Earth Observation (EO) and solar studies, which will also establish well-calibrated reference targets/standards to support other EO missions. This paper presents the TRUTHS mission and its objectives. TRUTHS will be the first satellite mission to calibrate its EO instrumentation directly to SI in orbit, overcoming the usual uncertainties associated with drifts of sensor gain and spectral shape by using an electrical rather than an optical standard as the basis of its calibration. The range of instruments flown as part of the payload will also provide accurate input data to improve atmospheric radiative transfer codes by anchoring boundary conditions, through simultaneous measurements of aerosols, particulates and radiances at various heights. Therefore, TRUTHS will significantly improve the performance and accuracy of EO missions with broad global or operational aims, as well as more dedicated missions. The provision of reference standards will also improve synergy between missions by reducing errors due to different calibration biases and offer cost reductions for future missions by reducing the demands for on-board calibration systems. Such improvements are important for the future success of strategies such as Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) and the implementation and monitoring of international treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol. TRUTHS will achieve these aims by measuring the geophysical variables of solar and lunar irradiance, together with both polarised and unpolarised spectral radiance of the Moon, Earth and its atmosphere. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, F-31055 Toulouse, France. Brightwell Instruments Ltd, Wallingford OX10 0RH, Oxon, England. PMOD, World Radiat Ctr, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31402 Toulouse, France. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. Univ Arizona, Remote Sensing Grp, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. RP Fox, N (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Queens Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. EM nigel.fox@npl.co.uk RI Shine, Keith/D-9093-2012; Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Haigh, Joanna/F-6847-2014; Schaepman, Michael/B-9213-2009; Schmutz, Werner/B-4153-2014; OI Shine, Keith/0000-0003-2672-9978; Haigh, Joanna/0000-0001-5504-4754; Schaepman, Michael/0000-0002-9627-9565; Schmutz, Werner/0000-0003-1159-5639; Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639; Verstraete, Michel/0000-0003-0968-8721 NR 11 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2253 EP 2261 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00691-4 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BY23G UT WOS:000188360500023 ER PT S AU Murdock, JW Aha, DW Breslow, LA AF Murdock, JW Aha, DW Breslow, LA BE Ashley, KD Bridge, DG TI Assessing elaborated hypotheses: An interpretive case-based reasoning approach SO CASE-BASED REASONING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Case-Bases Reasoning (ICCBR 2003) CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL TRONDHEIM, NORWAY SP Kaidara Software, Empolis & Norwegian, Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp & Informat Sci AB Identifying potential terrorist threats is a crucial task, especially in our post 9/11 world. This task is performed by intelligence analysts, who search for threats in the context of an overwhelming amount of data. We describe AHEAD (Analogical Hypothesis Elaborator for Activity Detection), a knowledge-rich post-processor that analyzes automatically-generated hypotheses using an interpretive case-based reasoning methodology to help analysts understand and evaluate the hypotheses. AHEAD first attempts to retrieve a functional model of a process, represented in the Task-Method-Knowledge framework (Stroulia Goel, 1995; Murdock & Goel, 2001), to identify the context of a given hypothesized activity. If retrieval succeeds, AHEAD then determines how the hypothesis instantiates the process. Finally, AHEAD generates arguments that explain how the evidence justifies and/or contradicts the hypothesis according to this instantiated process. Currently, we have implemented AHEAD's case (i.e., model) retrieval step and its user interface for displaying and browsing arguments in a human-readable form. In this paper, we describe AHEAD and detail its first evaluation. We report positive results including improvements in speed, accuracy, and confidence for users analyzing hypotheses about detected threats. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Intelligent Decis Aids Grp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Murdock, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Intelligent Decis Aids Grp, Code 5515, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40433-3 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2003 VL 2689 BP 332 EP 346 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BX29X UT WOS:000184854300027 ER PT B AU Liang, SX Puett, J Berzins, V Luqi AF Liang, SX Puett, J Berzins, V Luqi BE Chu, HW Ferrer, J Sanchez, M Acuna, E TI Synthesizing architectural approach via a compatible composition model SO CCCT 2003, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS: COMPUTING/INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computer, Communication and Control Technologies (CCCT 03)/9th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS03) CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Inter Amer Org Higher Educ, IEEE, Venezuela Chapter DE architectural perspective; Compatible Composition; generalized role wrapper AB Architecture is recognized as a critical aspect in the successful development and evolution of software-intensive systems. Computer-aided prototyping frees designers from implementation details by providing executable context via reusable components, so that designers only need to 'fill-in-the-holes" to functionally refine software development during the transition from prototype to implemented system. However, the "holes" are traditionally mapped to subprograms that cannot be easily extended through subtyping and refinement. This paper presents the CCM, a Compatible Composition Model that provides software designers a means to explicitly construct the architecture during system evolution. The CCM supports two evolutionary levels of prototyping and product transition. First, it treats interconnections among components in the prototyping model as generalized role wrappers that interact with each other, thereby enabling the auto-generation of a prototype executable. Second, since the CCM builds an actual organizational structure with generalized role wrappers, concrete or specialized role components can be derived directly from these wrappers. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Software Engn Automat Ctr, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Liang, SX (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Software Engn Automat Ctr, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-05-1 PY 2003 BP 321 EP 326 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY37E UT WOS:000189124500060 ER PT B AU Sofge, DA Potter, MA Schultz, AC AF Sofge, DA Potter, MA Schultz, AC BE Chu, HW Ferrer, J Pineda, JM TI Evolutionary robotics: From behaviorism to embodied cognition SO CCCT 2003, VOL 3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computer, Communication and Control Technologies (CCCT 03)/9th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS03) CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Inter Amer Org Higher Educ, IEEE, Venezuela Chapter DE robotics; evolution; control; cognition; genetic algorithms; artificial life; autonomous systems AB Over the past decade we have witnessed the emergence of a new paradigm in control systems development, evolutionary robotics, in which robotic control systems are evolved rather than constructed by hand. Robotic hardware designs are becoming more complex as the variety and number of on-board sensors increases, and as greater computational power is provided onboard in ever-smaller packages. Advances in hardware, however, do not automatically translate into better software for controlling complex robots. Evolutionary techniques hold the potential to solve many difficult problems in robotics which defy simple conventional approaches, but present many challenges as well. Numerous disciplines including artificial life, cognitive science and neural networks, rule-based systems, behavior-based control, genetic algorithms and genetic programming have contributed to shaping the current state of evolutionary robotics. This paper provides an overview of developments in the emerging field of evolutionary robotics, and discusses some of the opportunities and challenges which currently face practitioners in the field. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sofge, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-05-1 PY 2003 BP 496 EP 502 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BY37G UT WOS:000189125800093 ER PT B AU Schmorrow, D Kelsey, LJ AF Schmorrow, D Kelsey, LJ BE Chu, HW Ferrer, J Reisis, D Hansen, E TI WARCON: Operations analysis linked to M&S to support the warfighter and acquisition decision maker SO CCCT 2003, VOL6, PROCEEDINGS: COMPUTER, COMMUNICATION AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES: III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computer, Communication and Control Technologies (CCCT 03)/9th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS03) CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Inter Amer Org Higher Educ, IEEE, Venezuela Chapter C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Schmorrow, D (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-05-1 PY 2003 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BY37K UT WOS:000189126600017 ER PT B AU Bugajska, MD Schultz, AC AF Bugajska, MD Schultz, AC GP IEEE TI Anytime coevolution of form and function SO CEC: 2003 CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL Canberra, AUSTRALIA AB This paper describes an approach to continuous coevolution of form (the morphology) and function (the control behavior) for autonomous vehicles. This study focuses on coevolution of the characteristics such as beam width and range of individual sensors in the sensor suite, and the reactive strategies for collision-free navigation for an autonomous micro air vehicle. The results of the evolution of the system in a fixed simulation model were compared to case-based anytime learning (also called continuous and embedded learning) where the simulation model was updated over time to better match changes in the environment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bugajska, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Code 5515, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM magda@aic.nrl.navy.mil; schultz@aic.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7804-0 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2003 BP 359 EP 366 DI 10.1109/CEC.2003.1299598 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAC45 UT WOS:000221532900048 ER PT B AU Potter, MA Bassett, JK De Jong, KA AF Potter, MA Bassett, JK De Jong, KA GP IEEE TI Visualizing evolvability with price's equation SO CEC: 2003 CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL Canberra, AUSTRALIA AB The term "premature convergence" has been used for many years as an explanation as to why an evolutionary algorithm fails to find a global optimum, without providing much insight into how to fix the problem and/or avoid it in the future. In this paper we tie these issues to notions of (lack of) evolvability that have been explored in the population genetics community for many years. In particular, we show how the central equation in Price's Theorem can be extended in such a way as to separate out the individual contributions that reproductive operators make to evolvability, paving the way for better designed EAs in the future. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Potter, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mpotter@aic.nrl.navy.mil; bassett@aic.nrl.navy.mil; kdejong@cs.gmu.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7804-0 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2003 BP 2785 EP 2790 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAC45 UT WOS:000221532900375 ER PT J AU McCarthy, DD Luzum, BJ AF McCarthy, DD Luzum, BJ TI An abridged model of the precession-nutation of the celestial pole SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE nutation; precession; free-core nutation; celestial reference frame AB Precise astrometric observations show that significant systematic differences of the order of 10 milliarcseconds (mas) exist between the observed position of the celestial pole in the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) and the position determined using the International Astronomical Union (IAU) 1976 Precession (Lieske et al., 1977) and the IAU 1980 Nutation Theory (Seidelmann, 1982). The International Earth Rotation Service routinely publishes these 'celestial pole offsets', and the IERS Conventions (McCarthy, 1996) recommends a procedure to account for these errors. The IAU, at its General Assembly in 2000, adopted a new precession/nutation model (Mathews et al., 2002). This model, designated IAU2000A, which includes nearly 1400 terms, provides the direction of the celestial pole in the ICRF with an accuracy of +/- 0.1 mas. Users requiring accuracy no better than 1 mas, however, may not require the full model, particularly if computational time or storage are issues. Consequently, the IAU also adopted an abridged procedure designated IAU2000B to model the celestial pole motion with an accuracy that does not result in a difference greater than 1 mas with respect to that of the IAU2000A model. That IAU2000B model, presented here, is shown to have the required accuracy for a period of more than 50 years from 1995 to 2050. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM dmc@mala.usno.navy.mil NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 EI 1572-9478 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 85 IS 1 BP 37 EP 49 DI 10.1023/A:1021762727016 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 630NC UT WOS:000180113500003 ER PT J AU Lai, YC Bollt, EM Liu, ZH AF Lai, YC Bollt, EM Liu, ZH TI Low-dimensional chaos in high-dimensional phase space: how does it occur? SO CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED-OSCILLATOR-SYSTEMS; DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; GENERALIZED SYNCHRONIZATION; HYPERCHAOS TRANSITION; LAG SYNCHRONIZATION; BIFURCATION; EQUATION; SCHEME; ORBITS; MOTION AB A fundamental observation in nonlinear dynamics is that the asymptotic chaotic invariant sets in many high-dimensional systems are low-dimensional. We argue that such a behavior is typically associated with chaos synchronism. Numerical support using coupled chaotic systems including a class derived from a nonlinear partial differential equation is provided. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Ctr Syst Sci & Engn Res, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Arizona State Univ, Ctr Syst Sci & Engn Res, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM yclai@chaos1.la.asu.edu NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0779 EI 1873-2887 J9 CHAOS SOLITON FRACT JI Chaos Solitons Fractals PD JAN PY 2003 VL 15 IS 2 BP 219 EP 232 AR PII S0960-0779(02)00094-2 DI 10.1016/S0960-0779(02)00094-2 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 601WX UT WOS:000178472700003 ER PT S AU Griffin, MT Fulton, JE McAtee, RF Gao, R Tsoukalas, L AF Griffin, MT Fulton, JE McAtee, RF Gao, R Tsoukalas, L BE Gardner, PJ TI Enhanced sensitivity & selectivity in a dual cell ion mobility spectrometer SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing IV CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE dual cell ion mobility spectrometer; chemical warfare agent detection; chemical cross talk; neural networks; wavelets ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FRAGMENTATION MECHANISMS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS IONS; H2O AB While ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been used as a portable trace vapor detector, these handheld systems suffer from poor selectivity. Their low resolution makes confident identification of chemical species difficult. One major application for these IMS systems is in Homeland Defense. IMS systems are fielded for the detection of chemical warfare agents, explosives, narcotics, and other hazardous chemicals. Recently, a novel signal processing methodology using wavelet filtering, statistical evaluators, and genetic algorithms was demonstrated to improve sensitivity and specificity of an ion mobility spectrometer.(1) Previous work involved a single (single polarity) IMS cell. Since both positive and negative ions are created in the same environment and a common sample interface is used for the dual IMS system, there is cross talk between the positive and negative cell. Typically, this cross talk provides little information on the identity of the chemical species present. However, using this new methodology, valuable sample information is obtained. Moreover, ion beam modulation has been incorporated to allow for the ion beam to be broken up into discrete packets. The modulation allows the rejection of common background interferents. This paper will present the process of using cell cross talk, ion beam modulation, and application and extension of the signal processing methodology. The application to field instrumentation will also be discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Night Vis Electro Opt & Chem Biol Explos Detect G, Crane Div, Crane, IN USA. RP Griffin, MT (reprint author), 300 Highway 361 Code 805D Bldg 3325, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4944-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5085 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1117/12.486761 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BX58F UT WOS:000185757900005 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Je, JT Schlautman, MA Carraway, ER AF Lee, JH Je, JT Schlautman, MA Carraway, ER TI Fast peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence for minimized analytical separation systems SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID IMIDAZOLE; OXALATE AB The maximum intensity, I-max, and time required to reach the maximum emission, tau(max), for 1-aminopyrene monitored in 1,1'-oxalyldi-4-methylimidazole (OD4MI) chemiluminescence (CL) reactions are approximately 61 times higher and 16 times faster than their respective values for bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate (TCPO) CL reactions in the presence of imidazole (ImH). C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson Inst Environm Toxicol, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. RI Koo, Kyung-Hoi/D-7053-2012 NR 11 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 2 BP 270 EP 271 DI 10.1039/b210373g PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 632XF UT WOS:000180249600048 PM 12585425 ER PT J AU Jhaveri, SD Mauro, JM Goldston, HM Schauer, CL Tender, LM Trammell, SA AF Jhaveri, SD Mauro, JM Goldston, HM Schauer, CL Tender, LM Trammell, SA TI A reagentless electrochemical biosensor based on a protein scaffold SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER; MONOLAYER; MYOGLOBIN; SURFACES; GOLD AB Apo-myoglobin, labeled with the environmentally sensitive redox probe Ru-II (NH3)(4)(1,10-phenanthroline-5-maleimide)(2+), was immobilized onto gold electrodes modified with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid and subsequently labeled with biotin; avidin binding to the immobilized biotin was specifically and quantitatively detected by a change in cyclic voltammetry of the co-immobilized probe. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tender, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schauer, Caroline/A-1020-2007; Schauer, Caroline/D-5350-2013 NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 3 BP 338 EP 339 DI 10.1039/b209452e PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 638QJ UT WOS:000180581500018 PM 12613601 ER PT S AU Floyd, LE Cook, JW Herring, LC Crane, PC AF Floyd, LE Cook, JW Herring, LC Crane, PC BE Blix, TA Lastovicka, J TI SUSIM's 11-year observational record of the solar UV irradiance SO CHEMISTRY, DYNAMICS AND LAYERED STRUCTURES OF THE ATMOSPHERE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Space Congress CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Comm Space Res ID RESEARCH SATELLITE UARS; MONITOR SUSIM; ULTRAVIOLET; INSTRUMENT; MISSION; CALIBRATION; VARIABILITY; VALIDATION; CYCLE-23; SOLSTICE AB The Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SUSIM), a wavelength-scanning, dual-dispersion, dual-spectrometer instrument aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), has measured the solar ultraviolet (UV) spectral irradiance (115-410 nm) since October 1991. This 11-year period, the duration of a solar activity cycle, extends from a late secondary maximum of solar cycle 22 through the intervening solar minimum and the maximum of solar cycle 23. Accordingly, SUSIM observed nearly the entire maximum-tominimum variation of the solar UV irradiance of both solar cycles. The UV irradiance variations during the two solar cycles are compared. Apart from solar rotation effects and to within experimental accuracy, they show similar variation in the UV spectral irradiance. Solar cycle amplitudes calculated after removing solar rotation effects were similar to50% for the strong O I, C II, and Si IV emission features below 145 mn, similar to8-18% between the Al edge and 145 nm, respectively, and similar to4% between the Al edge and 263 nm. The amplitude of the solar cycle periodicity was not detected above similar to300 nm. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Interferometr Inc, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Floyd, LE (reprint author), Interferometr Inc, 14120 Parke Long Court,Suite 103, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2111 EP 2120 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00148-0 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX31D UT WOS:000184908400011 ER PT J AU Beall, JH Guillory, J Rose, DV Schindler, S Colafrancesco, S AF Beall, JH Guillory, J Rose, DV Schindler, S Colafrancesco, S TI AGN jet interactions with the intracluster medium SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources CY MAY 26-31, 2003 CL Vulcano, ITALY SP INTA, MPE, IASF, USN Res Lab DE jets: active galaxies : intracluster medium ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GAMMA-RAY; X-RAY; RADIO; RADIATION; ENERGY; BEAMS; VARIABILITY; EMISSION; BLAZARS AB Clusters of galaxies contain large ellipticals near their cores. Elliptical galaxies in the centers of these clusters are often found to be the source of largescale jets that propagate outward into the intracluster medium. These jets are thought to be produced by accretion-powered processes in the active galactic nuclei (AGN) at the centers of some giant ellipticals. In this paper, we discuss the origin of these jets and the likely consequences of their interactions with the intracluster medium in clusters of galaxies. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. St Johns Coll, Annapolis, MD 21404 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astrophys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy. RP Beall, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM beall@sjca.edu NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1009-9271 J9 CHINESE J ASTRON AST JI Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2003 VL 3 SU S BP 137 EP 145 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 929VK UT WOS:000229374500014 ER PT J AU Beall, JH AF Beall, JH TI Jets in astrophysics : a review SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources CY MAY 26-31, 2003 CL Vulcano, ITALY SP INTA, MPE, IASF, USN Res Lab DE accretion; accretion disks; stars : outflows acceleration of particles; black hole physics; radiation mechanisms ID RADIO AB We discuss observations used to infer the presence of accretion disks in astrophysical sources and the disks' association with evidence for astrophysical jets. We highlight some important results from past and current literature that show parallels between the temporal behavior of an active galaxy (NGC 5128) and a galactic microquasar (GRS 1915+105). In addition, we note the remarkable observations of the time history of SCO X-1 from VLBI data at radio frequencies. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. St Johns Coll, Annapolis, MD 21404 USA. RP Beall, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM beall@sjca.edu NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1009-9271 J9 CHINESE J ASTRON AST JI Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2003 VL 3 SU S BP 373 EP 382 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 929VK UT WOS:000229374500043 ER PT B AU Popovici, I Withers, WD AF Popovici, I Withers, WD BE Arabnia, HR Mun, Y TI A new transform for lossy color image coding SO CISST'03: PROCEEDING OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGING SCIENCE, SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems and Technology (CISST 03) CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP PDPTA Task Force Imaging Sci, Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol AB Luminance and chrominance components of a color image have redundancies often exploited for coding the image with a reduced number of bits, while maintaining good visual quality for the decoded image. Most existing image-coding algorithms use spatial correlation between pixels in each color-transformed image component via wavelet or other spatial transform, but applied separately to the luminance and to each chrominance component. This paper introduces the eidochromatic transform, a non-linear predictive technique that exploits the interdependence between spatially proximate pixels of different color components. The eidochromatic transform reduces the entropy of a quantized chrominance component up to 40% or more over a wavelet transform alone. Combined with JPEG 2000 coding techniques, the eidochromatic transform reduces the bit-rate for the entire image at a specified mean-square error by up to 10% or more when compared to JPEG 2000 alone. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Popovici, I (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-48-3 PY 2003 BP 679 EP 684 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX99Y UT WOS:000187206200109 ER PT S AU van Joolen, V Neta, B Givoli, D AF van Joolen, V Neta, B Givoli, D BE Brebbia, CA Almorza, D LopezAguayo, F TI High-order non-reflecting boundary conditions for dispersive wave problems in stratified media SO COASTAL ENGINEERING VI: COMPUTER MODELLING AND EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS OF SEAS AND COASTAL REGIONS SE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Experimental Measurements of Seas and Coastal Regions CY 2003 CL Cadiz, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Cadiz, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, UK Grp ID ELASTIC-WAVES; EQUATION; FLOWS AB Problems of linear time-dependent dispersive waves in an un-bounded domain are considered. The infinite domain is truncated via an artificial boundary B. A high-order Non-Reflecting Boundary Condition (NRBC) is imposed on B, and the problem is solved by a Finite Difference (FD) scheme in the finite domain. The sequence of NRBCs proposed by Higdon is used. However, in contrast to the original low-order implementation, a new scheme is devised which allows the easy use of a Higdon-type NRBC of any desired order. In addition, the problem is considered for a stratified media. The performance of the scheme is demonstrated via numerical example. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP van Joolen, V (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1462-6098 BN 1-85312-977-1 J9 ENVIRON ST PY 2003 VL 9 BP 73 EP 82 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BY79B UT WOS:000189463800008 ER PT S AU Vurgaftman, I Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Lindle, JR Kim, CS Meyer, JR Spector, SJ Lennon, DM Turner, GW Manfra, MJ AF Vurgaftman, I Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Lindle, JR Kim, CS Meyer, JR Spector, SJ Lennon, DM Turner, GW Manfra, MJ BE Ilegems, M Weimann, G Wagner, J TI Edge- and surface-emitting photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 2002 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Symposium on Compound Semicoductors CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL Lausanne, SWITZERLAND ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; FILAMENTATION; AMPLIFIER; CW AB 2(nd)-order and 1(st)-order optically pumped edge-emitting PCDFB lasers with "W" active regions are investigated. While the 2(nd)-order grating was not optimized due to the limitations of optical lithography, the 1(st)-order grating was fabricated using electron-beam lithography with a nearly optimum set of coupling coefficients. Unfortunately, detailed characterization revealed that the 1(st)-order grating resonance was detuned from the gain spectrum of the device's active region. In spite of the non-optimized coupling and substantial detuning, however, the beam quality for both grating types improved by a factor of 5 over angled-grating (alpha-DFB) lasers fabricated from similar material. Although the devices were operated in pulsed mode, a considerable improvement in the spectral purity was also realized, with linewidths as narrow as 7 nm for those temperatures where the gain spectrum was closest to the cavity resonance. We also discuss the surface-emitting PCDFB laser concept, and project the optimized parameter space for which a large fraction of the generated photons can be emitted into a near-diffraction-limited single mode. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0942-3 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2003 VL 174 BP 331 EP 338 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BAN50 UT WOS:000222970500074 ER PT S AU Michopoulos, J Tsompanopoulou, P Houstis, E Rice, J Farhat, C Lesoinne, M Lechenault, F AF Michopoulos, J Tsompanopoulou, P Houstis, E Rice, J Farhat, C Lesoinne, M Lechenault, F BE Sloot, PMA Abramson, D Bogdanov, AV Dongarra, JJ Zomaya, AY Gorbachev, YE TI DDEMA: A data driven environment for multiphysics applications SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2003, PT IV, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2003) CY JUN 02-04, 2003 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Amsterdam, Hewlett Packard, Springer Verlag, Netherlands Inst St Petersburg, Russian Federat, Minist Ind, Sci & Technol, Govt St Petersburg, Comm Sci & High Educ, St Petersburg State Tech Univ, Inst High Performance Comp & Informat Syst, IBM Australia, Microsoft, Cray Inc, Dolphin Interconnect, Microway, Etnus, ceanet, NAG, Pallas GmbH ID AEROELASTIC PROBLEMS; ALGORITHMS AB In this paper we present the design of a multidisciplined problem solving environment (MPSE) for supporting an efficient prediction capability for the response of multiscale interdisciplinary continuous interacting systems. This design takes into consideration information technologies, coupled multiphysics sciences, and data-driveness to steer adaptive modelling and simulation of the underlying systemic behavior. The paper describes the design objectives and software architecture of DDEMA in the context of two multidisciplinary applications related to material/structure design of supersonic platforms and fire/material/environment interaction monitoring, assessment and management. C1 USN, Res Lab, Special Projects Grp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Thessaly, Dept Comp Engn & Telecommun, Volos 38221, Greece. Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Michopoulos, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Special Projects Grp, Code 6303, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40197-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2660 BP 309 EP 318 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX28M UT WOS:000184832100032 ER PT S AU Drusinsky, D AF Drusinsky, D BE Hunt, WA Somenzi, F TI Monitoring temporal rules combined with time series SO COMPUTER AIDED VERIFICATION SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification CY JUL 08-12, 2003 CL BOULDER, CO SP IBM, Esterel Technol, Intel AB Run-time monitoring of temporal properties and assertions is used for testing and as a component of execution-based model checking techniques. Traditional run-time monitoring however, is limited to observing sequences of pure Boolean propositions. This paper describes tools, which observe temporal properties over time series, namely, sequences of propositions with constraints on data value changes over time. Using such temporal logic with time series (LTLD) it is possible to monitor important properties such as stability, monotonicity, temporal average and sum values, and temporal min/max values. The paper describes the Temporal Rover and the DBRover, which are in-process and remote run-time monitoring tools, respectively, that support linear time temporal logic (LTL) with real-time (MTL) and time series (LTLD) constraints. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Time Rover Inc, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM ddrusins@nps.navy.mil NR 7 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40524-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2725 BP 114 EP 117 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX39T UT WOS:000185145800011 ER PT J AU Liakos, A Lee, H AF Liakos, A Lee, H TI Two-level finite element discretization of viscoelastic fluid flow SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE finite elements; viscoelastic fluid; two-level method ID APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS; ERROR-BOUNDS; EXISTENCE AB We propose and analyze a two-level method of discretizing the equations of steady-state flow of a viscoelastic fluid obeying an Oldroyd-type constitutive equation with no-slip boundary condition. The two-level algorithm consists of solving a small non-linear system of equations on the coarse mesh and then using that solution to solve a larger linear system on the fine mesh. Specifically, following Najib and Sandri [Numer. Math. 72 (1995) 223], we linearize the Oldroyd-type constitutive equation about the coarse mesh solution thus nullifying the difficulties brought by the advection term. Our theoretical error estimates show that it has optimal order accuracy provided the true solution is smooth and its norm is sufficiently small. In addition, our computational error estimates exhibit the validity of our analysis. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Liakos, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Chauvenet Hall 308, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2003 VL 192 IS 44-46 BP 4965 EP 4979 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(03)00443-2 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 740DH UT WOS:000186385800005 ER PT J AU Whiting, CH Jansen, KE Dey, S AF Whiting, CH Jansen, KE Dey, S TI Hierarchical basis for stabilized finite element methods for compressible flows SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; FORMULATION AB The quest for more accurate numerical simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations has motivated the study of high-order piecewise-polynomial basis functions, also known as k-version finite element methods, as a means to attain this accuracy in the most cost effective manner. Stabilized finite element methods (e.g. streamline upwind Petrov Galerkin) have been proven to attain optimal rates of convergence for any polynomial order basis as well as perform well on a variety of flows including turbulence applications. We present a stabilized finite element formulation for fluid dynamics using mesh-entity based hierarchical basis functions. The implementation is shown to attain theoretical convergence results for the linear model problem as well as the Navier- Stokes equations. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ABAQUS Inc, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. SFA Inc, Naval Res Lab, Largo, MD USA. RP Jansen, KE (reprint author), ABAQUS Inc, 1080 Main St, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2003 VL 192 IS 47-48 BP 5167 EP 5185 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2003.07.011 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 743XH UT WOS:000186598500005 ER PT S AU Heitmeyer, C AF Heitmeyer, C BE Anderson, S Felici, M Littlewood, B TI Developing high assurance systems: On the role of software tools SO COMPUTER SAFETY, RELIABILITY, AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security CY SEP 23-26, 2003 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP British Comp Soc, DIRC, European Asoc Cognit Ergon, ENCRESS, Gesell Informatik, IEE, Int Federat Automat Control, IFIG WG10 4, IFIG WG13 5, ISA EUNET, Austrian Comp Soc, Safety Critical Syst Club, Software Reliabil & Metr Club ID REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATIONS; MODEL CHECKING AB Recently, researchers have developed a number of powerful, formally based software tools, such as model checkers and theorem provers. To date, these tools have largely been used to analyze hardware designs. In the future, they should have significant value for analyzing the requirements and designs of software systems, especially high assurance software systems, where compelling evidence is needed that the system satisfies critical properties, such as safety and security properties. This paper briefly describes the different roles that formally based software tools can play in debugging, verifying, and testing software systems and software system artifacts. It also describes one important activity in software development not involving tools that is often neglected and that merits greater care and attention. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5546, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heitmeyer@itd.nrl.navy.mil RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011; OI Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20126-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2788 BP 159 EP 164 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY02P UT WOS:000187294900013 ER PT J AU Giraldo, FX AF Giraldo, FX TI Strong and weak Lagrange-Galerkin spectral element methods for the shallow water equations SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE finite element; Lagrange-Galerkin; shallow water equations; semi-Lagrangian; spectral element ID EQUATORIAL SOLITARY WAVES; SPHERICAL GEODESIC GRIDS; FINITE-ELEMENT; MODEL; ADVECTION; INTEGRATION; SCHEMES AB The Lagrange-Galerkin spectral element method for the two-dimensional shallow water equations is presented. The equations are written in conservation form and the domains are discretized using quadrilateral elements. Lagrangian methods integrate the governing equations along the characteristic curves, thus being well suited for resolving the nonlinearities introduced by the advection operator of the fluid dynamics equations. Two types of Lagrange-Galerkin methods are presented: the strong and weak formulations. The strong form relies mainly on interpolation to achieve high accuracy while the weak form relies primarily on integration. Lagrange-Galerkin schemes offer an increased efficiency by virtue of their less stringent CFL condition. The use of quadrilateral elements permits the construction of spectral-type finite-element methods that exhibit exponential convergence as in the conventional spectral method, yet they are constructed locally as in the finite-element method; this is the spectral element method. In this paper, we show how to fuse the Lagrange-Calerkin methods with the spectral element method and present results for two standard test cases in order to compare and contrast these two hybrid schemes. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Giraldo, FX (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 45 IS 1-3 BP 97 EP 121 AR PII S0898-1221(02)00330-9 DI 10.1016/S0898-1221(03)80010-X PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 651BE UT WOS:000181299700010 ER PT J AU Neta, B Fukushima, T AF Neta, B Fukushima, T TI Obrechkoff versus super-implicit methods for the solution of first- and second-order initial value problems SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Obrechkoff methods; super-implicit method; initial value problems ID INTEGRATION; EQUATIONS AB This paper discusses the numerical solution of first-order initial value problems and a special class of second-order ones (those not containing first derivative). Two classes of methods are discussed, super-implicit and Obrechkoff. We will show equivalence of super-implicit and Obrechkoff schemes. The advantage of Obrechkoff methods is that they are high-order one-step methods and thus will not require additional starting values. On the other hand, they will require higher derivatives of the right-hand side. In case the right-hand side is complex, we may prefer super-implicit methods. The disadvantage of super-implicit methods is that they, in general, have a larger error constant. To get the same error constant we require one or more extra future values. We can use these extra values to increase the order of the method instead of decreasing the error constant. One numerical example shows that the super-implicit methods are more accurate than the Obrechkoff schemes of the same order. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 45 IS 1-3 BP 383 EP 390 AR PII S0898-1221(02)00344-9 DI 10.1016/S0898-1221(03)80024-X PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 651BE UT WOS:000181299700024 ER PT S AU Ives, RW Etter, DM Welch, TB AF Ives, RW Etter, DM Welch, TB BE Matthews, MB TI Speckle reduction of SAR imagery using homomorphic processing and predictive filtering SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-SEVENTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 09-12, 2003 CL Pacific Grove, CA AB This paper describes a method of reducing the speckle in a SAR image using a variation of homomorphic processing. In a SAR image, speckle is typically characterized as multiplicative noise such that traditional means of additive noise reduction may not perform well. In homomorphic processing, a signal is first passed through a logarithmic function, which would transform any multiplicative components (such as speckle noise) into additive components in the logarithmic domain. At this point, any additive noise reduction technique may be used for denoising. Here, we incorporate predictive Filtering into the homomorphic process as a means to reduce the speckle. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ives, RW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-8104-1 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2003 BP 216 EP 220 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BY93K UT WOS:000189498700039 ER PT S AU Hawes, AH Therrien, CW AF Hawes, AH Therrien, CW BE Matthews, MB TI LMS adaptive filtering with multirate observations SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-SEVENTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 09-12, 2003 CL Pacific Grove, CA AB This paper addresses the problem of adaptive filtering using the LMS method when two or more observation sequences are available with differing sampling rates. In such cases the steady-state behavior of the filters would be periodically time-varying. We develop the form of the algorithm and examine the performance of the algorithm in the context of interference suppression for narrowband and broadband sources of interference. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Hawes, AH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code EC-Ti, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-8104-1 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2003 BP 567 EP 570 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BY93K UT WOS:000189498700104 ER PT S AU Owsley, NL Tague, JA AF Owsley, NL Tague, JA BE Matthews, MB TI Reduced dimension and reduced rank robust ABF for large sensor count arrays SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-SEVENTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 09-12, 2003 CL Pacific Grove, CA AB The Generalized Sidelobe Cancellation (GSC) structure requires a number of auxiliary array correlation matrix inversions proportional to the number of steering directions [VT02]. The Steering Invariant Sidelobe Cancellation (SISC) process achieves reduced complexity, robust Adaptive Beamforming (ABF) without this proportionality [OT03]. This paper extends previous SISC work with implementation considerations, a modification for signal mismatch robustness and comparisons with other reduced complexity ABFs. The comparison metrics are: (1) beam patterns; (2) beamformer response and (3) array gain (AG) time series. The results indicate either the same or improved AG performance relative to other reduced dimension ABF techniques but with lower computational burden. C1 Mandex Corp, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Owsley, NL (reprint author), Mandex Corp, Off Naval Res, Code 321US,4001 N 9th St,Suite 106, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-8104-1 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2003 BP 765 EP 770 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BY93K UT WOS:000189498700142 ER PT S AU Stevens, JD AF Stevens, JD BE Matthews, MB TI Detection of short transients in colored noise by multirate multiresolution (MSMR) analysis SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-SEVENTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 09-12, 2003 CL Pacific Grove, CA AB Based on a Multirate Multiresolution (MRMR) Kalman filter analysis, two de-noising methods are applied to a colored noise model to detect short transients. Starting with a standard state-space stochastic model, it can be shown that a signal can be decomposed into uncorrelated innovations at varying sampling frequencies and corresponding levels of resolution. In a benchmark experiment, results show that as a signal is decomposed in a wavelet packet, transient signals can be identified at lower thresholds. For applications in Undersea Warfare, this detection scheme can provide valuable information in a sensor fusion design. C1 USN Acad, Div Engn & Weapons, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Stevens, JD (reprint author), USN Acad, Div Engn & Weapons, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-8104-1 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2003 BP 1183 EP 1187 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BY93K UT WOS:000189498700221 ER PT S AU Kuchler, RJ Therrien, CW AF Kuchler, RJ Therrien, CW BE Matthews, MB TI Optimal filtering with multirate observations SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-SEVENTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 09-12, 2003 CL Pacific Grove, CA AB This paper considers the problem of optimal filtering for several channels of observations occurring at different sampling rates. The problem is formulated in general terms with arbitrary sampling rates for the observations. The set of observation sequences (channels) are jointly cyclostationary and the resulting optimal filters are linear and periodically time-varying (LPTV). A formula for the period of the system is given and the explicit forms of the Wiener-Hopf equations and the estimation error variance are derived. Simulation results are presented for estimation of a signal with known correlation function in noise using two observation sequences with sampling rates differing from that of the underlying signal to be estimated. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Kuchler, RJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code ECTi, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-8104-1 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2003 BP 1208 EP 1212 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BY93K UT WOS:000189498700226 ER PT S AU Fargues, MP Reiff, C Nelson, B Gonski, D Birenzvige, A AF Fargues, MP Reiff, C Nelson, B Gonski, D Birenzvige, A BE Matthews, MB TI Chemical/biological round discrimination using acoustic, seismic, and imaging data SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-SEVENTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 09-12, 2003 CL Pacific Grove, CA AB The threat of chemical and biological weapons is a serious problem of current interest, as the ability to identify early whether an incoming artillery round contains high explosives or a chemical/biological agent provides the soldier with additional time to respond to the incoming threat. Traditionally, detectors specifically designed for that task have been used, however such detectors are expensive, and may not be always available when needed. We describe initial research work investigating such round discrimination by using and fusing information obtained from various acoustic, seismic, and imaging recordings obtained at different locations of the battlefield. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, ECE Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fargues, MP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, ECE Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-8104-1 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2003 BP 2083 EP 2087 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BY93K UT WOS:000189498700392 ER PT S AU Dahlburg, RB Klimchuk, JA Antiochos, SK AF Dahlburg, RB Klimchuk, JA Antiochos, SK BE Harra, LK TI Coronal energy release via ideal three-dimensional instability SO CONNECTIONS AND RECONNECTIONS IN SOLAR AND STELLAR CORONAE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E0 1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission E on Connections and Reconnections in Solar and Stellar Coronae held at the 34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 11, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP ESA, CNES, ISAS ID MAGNETIC NEUTRAL SHEETS; EVOLVING FIELDS; RECONNECTION AB It is widely believed that most coronal phenomena involve the release of free energy that is stored within stressed magnetic field configurations. The availability of sufficient free energy to explain everything from coronal heating to flares and coronal mass ejections is well established. How this energy is released remains a major puzzle. Observations reveal that an important property of the energy release mechanism is its "switch on" character. The mechanism must remain dormant for long periods of time to allow the magnetic stresses to build, then it must operate very vigorously once it finally turns on. We discuss a mechanism called the "secondary instability" which exhibits this behavior. It is essentially an ideal instability of the thin twisted magnetic flux tubes that form from the resistive tearing of current sheets. We relate the mechanism to the coronal heating idea of Parker in which the coronal magnetic field becomes tangled by random motions of the photospheric footpoints. Global energy balance considerations imply that magnetic energy dissipation occurs at a particular angle in the field, and the secondary instability offers the first quantitative explanation for why this should be. It thus places Parker's popular idea on a much firmer physical footing. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dahlburg, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6440, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305; Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1029 EP 1034 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00305-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX89P UT WOS:000186758600016 ER PT S AU Dahlburg, RB Einaudi, G AF Dahlburg, RB Einaudi, G BE Harra, LK TI Modelling the coronal hole-coronal loop boundary as a compressible current-vortex sheet SO CONNECTIONS AND RECONNECTIONS IN SOLAR AND STELLAR CORONAE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E0 1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission E on Connections and Reconnections in Solar and Stellar Coronae held at the 34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 11, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP ESA, CNES, ISAS ID EVOLUTION AB Recent observations and theoretical developments have re-awakened interest in finding out what happens at the boundary between closed and open magnetic field regions in the solar corona, i.e., between coronal loops and coronal holes. We model the boundary region between closed and open magnetic field regions, i.e., coronal loops and coronal holes. Both linear and nonlinear properties are explored. An acceleration of plasma along the coronal hole magnetic field direction is observed. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RP Dahlburg, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6440, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1125 EP 1130 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00317-X PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX89P UT WOS:000186758600029 ER PT S AU Dahlburg, RB Einaudi, G Velli, M Linton, MG AF Dahlburg, RB Einaudi, G Velli, M Linton, MG BE Harra, LK TI Energy release in a turbulent three-dimensional corona SO CONNECTIONS AND RECONNECTIONS IN SOLAR AND STELLAR CORONAE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E0 1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission E on Connections and Reconnections in Solar and Stellar Coronae held at the 34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 11, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP ESA, CNES, ISAS ID QUIET SUN; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; SOLAR CORONA; FLARES; PARAMETERS; NANOFLARES; EVOLUTION AB Recently a lot of theoretical evidence has emerged in support of the hypothesis that coronal dissipation occurs in bursts at very small spatial scales. In this picture, a large number of coherently triggered, unobservable bursts is what appears as one of the many observed solar events (e.g., flares, blinkers, flashes, etc.). Most previous computational studies of this process have been limited to two or two and one half spatial dimensions.. In addition, an incompressible model has been used. This is problematical, since the solar corona is three-dimensional and compressible as well. Furthermore, it is unclear how good an approximation reduced magnetohydrodynamics is in the compressible situation. Here we present the first results of our coronal dissipation calculations using a three-dimensional, compressible model. We solve the MHD equations with CRUNCH3D, a massively parallel, viscoresistive, three-dimensional compressible MHD code. The code employs a Fourier collocation spatial discretization, and uses a second-order Runge-Kutta temporal discretization. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Dahlburg, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 6440, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1131 EP 1136 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00318-1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX89P UT WOS:000186758600030 ER PT S AU Akiyama, S Doschek, GA Mariska, JT AF Akiyama, S Doschek, GA Mariska, JT BE Harra, LK TI The spatial correlation of the non-thermal velocities for OIV and SiIV in the lower transition region SO CONNECTIONS AND RECONNECTIONS IN SOLAR AND STELLAR CORONAE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E0 1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission E on Connections and Reconnections in Solar and Stellar Coronae held at the 34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 11, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP ESA, CNES, ISAS ID QUIET SUN; ZONE; CORONA AB We analyze the spatial relationship between non-thermal velocities derived from spectral lines of O IV lambda1401.16 (1.6x10(5) K) and Si IV lambda1402.77 (6.3x10(4) K) in the solar lower transition region. The lines formed at different temperatures are observed simultaneously and at the same locations on the solar disk by. the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) spectrometer on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). In order to improve the accuracy of the non-thermal velocities determined from the full width at half maximum (FWHM) intensities of the lines, we select data with sufficient counting statistics such that the uncertainty of the non-thermal velocity is less than 10% of its value derived from the FWHMs. The spatial relationship between lines of O IV and Si IV shows a strong correlation. The correlation coefficient of the turbulent velocity is 0.856 for bright quiet Sun regions. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Akiyama, S (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1137 EP 1141 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00319-3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX89P UT WOS:000186758600031 ER PT J AU Teague, WJ Jacobs, GA Ko, DS Tang, TY Chang, KI Suk, MS AF Teague, WJ Jacobs, GA Ko, DS Tang, TY Chang, KI Suk, MS TI Connectivity of the Taiwan, Cheju, and Korea straits SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE acoustic current meters; BT; coastal waters; NT; current data; RT; mass transport; RT; temperature transport; RT; physical oceanography; BT ID EAST-CHINA-SEA; TSUSHIMA WARM CURRENT; YELLOW SEA; FORECAST MODEL; KUROSHIO EAST; TRANSPORT; SUMMER; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; CURRENTS AB Insight into the circulation of the East China Sea and origin of the Tsushima Current are investigated through direct, concurrent measurements of velocities through the Taiwan, Cheju, and Korea Straits. Current data are obtained from six bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) arrayed along a section spanning the Korea Strait, a single bottom-moored ADCP in the Cheju Strait, and four bottom-moored ADCPs along a section spanning the Taiwan Strait. Mass transports are computed for the October-December, 1999 time period. In addition, temperature and salt transports are examined in conjunction with climatological values of temperature and salinity. Average volume transport is 0.14 Sverdrups (Sv) through the Taiwan Strait, 0.59 Sv for the Cheju Strait, and 3.17 Sv for the Korea Strait. Salt and temperature transport through the Korea Strait and into the Japan/East Sea are 110.48 x 10(6) kg/s and 0.24 x 10(15) watts (W), respectively. Heat loss in the East China Sea is approximately 200 W/m(2). Winds affect the transports in each of the straits. Most noticeable wind effects are observed in the Taiwan Strait where strong north wind events force flow into the South China Sea. The main source for the Tsushima Current and its flow into the Japan/East Sea is clearly the Kuroshio for fall, 1999. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Seoul, South Korea. RP USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM teague@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 58 TC 73 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 63 EP 77 AR PII S0278-4343(02)00150-4 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(02)00150-4 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 637EU UT WOS:000180499200004 ER PT J AU Biswas, AK Sommerauer, JF AF Biswas, AK Sommerauer, JF TI Low-frequency/high-frequency ratio and functional outcome SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; BRAIN-DEATH C1 USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Childrens Mercy Hosp, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. RP Biswas, AK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 335 EP 335 DI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000038689.71982.88 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 640XU UT WOS:000180714800068 PM 12545053 ER PT J AU Wrage, S AF Wrage, S TI When war isn't hell: A cautionary tale SO CURRENT HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wrage, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT HIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 4225 MAIN ST PO BOX 4647, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19127 USA SN 0011-3530 J9 CURR HIST JI Curr. Hist. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 102 IS 660 BP 32 EP 35 PG 4 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 631JC UT WOS:000180163500006 ER PT J AU Satter, EK Graham, BS AF Satter, EK Graham, BS TI Chondroid syringoma SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID HYALINE-CELL; MIXED TUMOR; MIMICKING; SKIN AB We present the case of a 25-year-old man who presented with a slowly enlarging nodule on the upper lip. This nodule first appeared after minor trauma to the area. Our original differential diagnosis included foreign body granuloma, mucocele, inclusion cyst, and adnexal tumor. Histopathology results showed an encapsulated tumor consisting of 2 discrete lobules composed of numerous aggregates of cuboid epithelial cells with tubuloalveolar structures and keratinous cysts within a chondroid stroma-consistent with a chondroid syringoma. We compare and contrast the clinical and histologic characteristics of chondroid syringomas (arising from sweat glands) with those of pleomorphic adenomas (arising from salivary glands). C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Satter, EK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JAN PY 2003 VL 71 IS 1 BP 49 EP + PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 635NX UT WOS:000180406600007 PM 12553630 ER PT J AU Belin, EE Polo, J AF Belin, EE Polo, J TI Treatment of compensatory hyperhidrosis with botulinum toxin type A SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID AXILLARY HYPERHIDROSIS; SYMPATHECTOMY AB Compensatory hyperhidrosis is a common and potentially severe side effect of bilateral endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. We describe a patient with severe compensatory hyperhidrosis as a result of this procedure. We treated the patient with 2 separate series of subcutaneous botulinum toxin type A injections to the right upper abdomen and achieved anhidrosis in 5 weeks. Although botulinum toxin is already an established treatment modality for primary hyperhidrosis, there is little experience using it for the treatment of compensatory hyperhidrosis. Because of its efficacy and low side-effect profile, we believe botulinum toxin may play a significant role in treating compensatory hyperhidrosis as a first-line agent. C1 Camp Lejeune Naval Hosp, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Belin, EE (reprint author), 250 Wood Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JAN PY 2003 VL 71 IS 1 BP 68 EP 70 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 635NX UT WOS:000180406600010 PM 12553633 ER PT B AU Irvine, C Shifflett, D Clark, P Levin, T Dinolt, G AF Irvine, C Shifflett, D Clark, P Levin, T Dinolt, G GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI MYSEA technology demonstration SO DARPA INFORMATION SURVIVABILITY CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOL II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition CY APR 22-24, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Adv Technol Off AB The MYSEA project has produced an innovative architecture and corrresponding engineering prototype consisting of trusted security services and integrated operating system mechanisms for the protection of distributed multi-domain computing environments from malicious code and other attacks. These security services and mechanisms extend and interoperate with existing workstations, applications and open source operating systems, providing new capabilities for composing secure distributed systems using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. The MYSEA technical demonstration illustrates the MYSEA architecture, as well as the mechanisms for providing multi-domain information protection, trusted path extension and quality of security service. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Irvine, C (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA PY 2003 BP 10 EP 12 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW73R UT WOS:000182993500003 ER PT B AU Syverson, P AF Syverson, P GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Onion routing for resistance to traffic analysis SO DARPA INFORMATION SURVIVABILITY CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOL II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition CY APR 22-24, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Adv Technol Off C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Syverson, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA PY 2003 BP 108 EP 110 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW73R UT WOS:000182993500036 ER PT B AU Archer, M Leonard, E Pradella, M AF Archer, M Leonard, E Pradella, M GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Modeling security-enhanced Linux policy specifications for analysis SO DARPA INFORMATION SURVIVABILITY CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOL II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition CY APR 22-24, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Adv Technol Off AB Security-Enhanced (SE) Linux is a modification of Linux initially released by NSA in January 2001 that provides a language for specifying Linux security policies and, as in the Flask architecture, a security server for enforcing policies defined in the language. To determine whether user requests to the operating system should be granted, the security server refers to an internal form of the policy compiled from the policy specification. Since the most convenient description of the policy for user understanding is its "source" specification in the policy language, it is natural for users to expect to be able to analyze the properties of the policy from this source specification. However, though specifications in the SE Linux policy language avoid implementation details, the policy language is very low-level, making the high level properties of a policy difficult to deduce by inspection. For this reason, tools to help users with the analysis are necessary. The goal of the NRL project on analyzing SE Linux security policies is to first use mechanized support to analyze the specification of an example policy, and then to customize this support for use by practitioners in the open source software community. This paper summarizes how we have modeled an example security policy in the analysis tool TAME, the kinds of analysis we can support, and prototype mechanical support to enable others to model example security policies in TAME. (For an extended version of this paper, see [5].) C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5546, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM archer@itd.nrl.navy.mil; leonard@itd.nrl.navy.mil; pradella@elet.polimi.it NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA PY 2003 BP 164 EP 169 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW73R UT WOS:000182993500053 ER PT B AU Irvine, C Shifflett, D Clark, P Levin, T Dinolt, G AF Irvine, C Shifflett, D Clark, P Levin, T Dinolt, G GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Monterey security enhanced architecture project SO DARPA INFORMATION SURVIVABILITY CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOL II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition CY APR 22-24, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Adv Technol Off AB This research project has produced an innovative architecture and corrresponding engineering prototype consisting of trusted security services and integrated operating system mechanisms for the protection of distributed multi-domain computing environments from malicious code and other attacks. These security services and mechanisms extend and interoperate with existing workstations, applications and open source operating systems, providing new capabilities for composing secure distributed systems using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. The latter construct results from the realization that unless a secure system offers users comfortable and familiar interfaces for handling routine information, the secure system will fail due to lack of user acceptability. This work was supported in part by the MYSEA project of the DARPA/ATO CHATS program. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Irvine, C (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA PY 2003 BP 176 EP 181 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW73R UT WOS:000182993500055 ER PT S AU Smith, JF Blank, JA AF Smith, JF Blank, JA BE Dasarathy, BV TI Co-evolutionary data mining for fuzzy rules: Automatic fitness function creation, phase space, and experiments SO DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY: TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE data mining; knowledge discovery; fuzzy logic; genetic algorithms; genetic programs; resource manager; expert systems AB An approach is being explored that involves embedding a fuzzy logic based resource manager in an electronic game environment. Game agents can function under their own autonomous logic or human control. This approach automates the data mining problem. The game automatically creates a cleansed database reflecting the domain expert's knowledge, it calls a data mining function, a genetic algorithm, for data mining of the data base as required and allows easy evaluation of the information extracted. The co-evolutionary fitness functions, chromosomes and stopping criteria for ending the game are discussed. Genetic algorithm and genetic program based data mining procedures are discussed that automatically discover new fuzzy rules and strategies. The strategy tree concept and its relationship to co-evolutionary data mining are examined as well as the associated phase space representation of fuzzy concepts. The overlap of fuzzy concepts in phase space reduces the effective strategies available to adversaries. Co-evolutionary data mining alters the geometric properties of the overlap region known as the admissible region of phase space significantly enhancing the performance of the resource manager. Procedures for validation of the information data mined are discussed and significant experimental results provided. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4958-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5098 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1117/12.486034 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW92F UT WOS:000183604800007 ER PT J AU Boebel, O Rossby, T Lutjeharms, J Zenk, W Barron, C AF Boebel, O Rossby, T Lutjeharms, J Zenk, W Barron, C TI Path and variability of the Agulhas Return Current SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH INDIAN-OCEAN; CURRENT SYSTEM; RETROFLECTION; REGION; TRANSPORT; ATLANTIC; FRONTS AB The combined analysis of hydrographic, kinematic, and dynamic data collected during the 1997-1999 KAPEX(CAPe of Good Hope EXperiments) reveals a quasi-stationary meandering pattern of the Agulhas Retrofiection Current east and upstream of the Southwest-Indian Ridge. The current meanders between 38degreesS and 40degreesS in a spatially and temporally continuous fashion and has a core width of approximately 70 km with an associated transport of 44 +/- 5 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1) in the upper 1000 m. Peak surface velocities decrease from 2.1 m s(-1) near the Agulhas Retroflection to 1.1 m s(-1) around 32degreesE. Meander troughs (northward extremes) are found predominantly near 26.8degreesE, 32.6degreesE and 38.9degreesE, while crests (southward extremes) are located with high probability near 29.7degreesE, 35.5degreesE and 42.9degreesE, resulting in a typical wavelength of 500 km. Cold eddies are shed along the northern boundary of the current from meander troughs into the recirculation regime between the Agulhas Current proper and the Agulhas Return Current. Strongest cyclonic eddies are preferably shed in austral autumn. The cyclonic eddies so formed propagate westward at an average phase-speed of 5.4 cm s(-1), with, however, a variability of at least the same magnitude. Subsequently, the cyclones are absorbed by the next meander trough located upstream and to the west of the shedding trough. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. Univ Kiel, Inst Meereskunde, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Boebel, O (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, PO 120161, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 NR 35 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 1 BP 35 EP 56 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00377-6 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00377-6 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 630GH UT WOS:000180098800003 ER PT J AU Boebel, O Lutjeharms, J Schmid, C Zenk, W Rossby, T Barron, C AF Boebel, O Lutjeharms, J Schmid, C Zenk, W Rossby, T Barron, C TI The Cape Cauldron: a regime of turbulent inter-ocean exchange SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC; BENGUELA CURRENT; AGULHAS CURRENT; INTERMEDIATE WATER; INDIAN OCEANS; CIRCULATION; EDDIES; DYNAMICS; TOPEX/POSEIDON; RETROFLECTION AB Combining in-situ Lagrangian intermediate depth velocity measurements from the KAPEX (Cape of Good Hope Experiments) float program with sea-surface height data, this study reviews the inter-ocean exchange mechanisms around southern Africa. In the southeastern Cape Basin, a highly energetic field of coexisting anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies is documented. Agulhas Rings of typically 200 km diameter are observed to merge, split, deform, and to reconnect to the Agulhas Retroflection. Concomitant, slightly smaller cyclones are observed to drift across the northwestward migration path of the Agulhas Rings. These cyclones, with typical diameters of 120 km, are formed within the Cape Basin along the African shelf, inshore of the Agulhas Current, and in the subantarctic region south of Africa. The data suggest the annual formation of 3-6 long-lived Agulhas Rings that eventually cross 5degreesE longitude, while approximately twice the number of rings occur in the southeastern Cape Basin. Within this region, cyclones outnumber anticyclones by a factor of 3:2. Both cyclones and anticyclones extend through the upper thermocline into the intermediate depth layer. Mean drifts of anticyclones are 3.8 +/- 1.2 cm s(-1) to the northwest, while cyclones follow a west-southwestward route at 3.6+/-0.8 cm s(-1). Transport estimates suggest that the intermediate depth layer in the southeastern Cape Basin is primarily supplied from the east (approximately 9 Sv), with minor direct inflow from the Atlantic to the west and south. Cyclone/anticyclone interaction is surmised to result in vigorous stirring and mixing processes in the southeastern Cape Basin, which necessitates a review of the traditional concept of Indo-Atlantic inter-ocean exchange. We propose to limit the concept of "isolated Agulhas Rings embedded in a sluggish Benguela Drift" to the northwestern Cape Basin and beyond, while linking this regime to the Agulhas Retroflection proper through a zone of turbulent stirring and mixing in the southeastern Cape Basin, named for the first time the "Cape Cauldron" hereinafter. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Meereskunde, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Boebel, O (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, PO 120161, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. EM oboebel@awi-bremerhaven.de RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008; Schmid, Claudia/D-5875-2013 OI Schmid, Claudia/0000-0003-2132-4736 NR 44 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 1 BP 57 EP 86 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00379-X DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00379-X PG 30 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 630GH UT WOS:000180098800004 ER PT J AU Boebel, O Barron, C AF Boebel, O Barron, C TI A comparison of in-situ float velocities with altimeter derived geostrophic velocities SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN CIRCULATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SURFACE CURRENTS; KINETIC-ENERGY; TOPEX/POSEIDON; VARIABILITY; RESOLUTION; VALIDATION; DRIFTER; ERS-1 AB Satellite borne altimetric data are of increasing prominence for assimilation in ocean circulation models and interpretation of localized in-situ measurements. Physically, geo-referenced sea-surface height (SSH) data products are mostly referenced relative to a long-term SSH mean, and consequently called SSH-anomalies. The Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) adds climatological SSH fields to provide space time interpolated absolute steric SSH fields. This, in theory, should provide realistic geostrophic surface velocities and flow patterns, including quasi-permanent features such as western boundary currents or free jets. This study compares such data for the wider Agulhas Retroflection region with co-located, simultaneous velocity measurements from Cape of Good Hope Experiments (KAPEX). KAPEX used ship-borne Acoustic Doppler Current Profiles (ADCP) and neutrally buoyant RAFOS (Ranging and Fixing of Sound) floats at intermediate depths to obtain in-situ velocity data. Correlation coefficients of MODAS-2D geostrophic and RAFOS subsurface flow directions fall between 0.8 and 0.9 with a typical error less than 0.05. The high correlation suggests that MODAS-2D provides a correct depiction of anticyclonic/cyclonic flow patterns in this region, making it a useful tool to describe the Agulhas Retrollection. Root-mean-square differences between velocities as measured by the various data sources rage between 20 and 30 cm s(-1), lying between the natural variability observed for the intermediate and surface layers. Decreasing slope parameters of linear regressions between MODAS, RAFOS and ADCP velocities reflect the baroclinic velocity shear. Slope equals I at surface and decreases to 0.4 at depths below 1000 m. Offsets of linear regression of these fits are not significantly different from zero, except for the zonal component in the Agulhas Return Current (5-10 cm s(-1)). This discrepancy suggests a missing meridional gradient in this region's climatological signal that is added to the SSH anomaly field within MODAS. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39519 USA. RP Boebel, O (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, POB 120161, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 1 BP 119 EP 139 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00381-8 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00381-8 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 630GH UT WOS:000180098800006 ER PT J AU Schmid, C Boebel, O Zenk, W Lutjeharms, JRE Garzoli, SL Richardson, PL Barron, C AF Schmid, C Boebel, O Zenk, W Lutjeharms, JRE Garzoli, SL Richardson, PL Barron, C TI Early evolution of an Agulhas Ring SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC-OCEAN; THERMOCLINE WATER; BENGUELA CURRENT; RETROFLECTION; CIRCULATION; EXCHANGE; SYSTEM; FLUXES; TRANSLATION; SALINITY AB Rings shed at the Agulhas retroflection are an integral part of interoceanic exchange south of Africa. There is clear evidence of westward ring translation from the northern Cape Basin across the South Atlantic Ocean. Early ring development and translation from the southern to the northern Cape Basin, however, are obscured by an intensely variable kinematic field close to the spawning site. In this study unique in situ observations, obtained in March to September 1997, are analyzed to improve the understanding of the early development of a juvenile Agulhas Ring. In March the ring was surveyed near 37degreesS, 16degreesE, approximately 4 months after its generation. Its strength and size were in the upper range typical for Agulhas Rings, and its trapping depth extended down to at least 1600 dbar according to geostrophic velocities and RAFOS trajectories in the ring. Between March and September the ring propagated in a general northwestward direction; however, RAFOS trajectories and MODAS sea-surface steric height fields revealed a large variability of the translation speed (3 cm s(-1) to more than 20 cm s(-1)) and direction. In September 1997, the mature ring was examined near 31degreesS, 9degreesE. By this time, its available heat and salt anomaly were reduced by about 30% and its available potential energy was reduced by about 70%. This indicates that a significant loss of the ring characteristics occurred on the way from the southern to the northern Cape Basin. One-third of this loss is due to changes at intermediate depth (between 800 and 1600 m). Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, PHOD, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Meereskunde, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. Univ Kiel, Inst Meereskunde, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Schmid, C (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, PHOD, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM claudia.schmid@noaa.gov RI Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010; Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008; Schmid, Claudia/D-5875-2013 OI Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253; Schmid, Claudia/0000-0003-2132-4736 NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 1 BP 141 EP 166 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00382-X DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00382-X PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 630GH UT WOS:000180098800007 ER PT J AU Collins, CA Pennington, JT Castro, CG Rago, TA Chavez, FP AF Collins, CA Pennington, JT Castro, CG Rago, TA Chavez, FP TI The California Current system off Monterey, California: physical and biological coupling SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL VARIABILITY; UNDERCURRENT; CHLOROPHYLL; BAY AB Repeated hydrobiological surveys over the period 1988-2002 perpendicular to the central California coast indicate strong coupling between physical circulation and biological production. An equatorward-flowing jet about 100-200 km from shore marked the inshore edge of the California Current (CC). This "CC Jet" had its highest velocities during late winter and spring. The jet divided inshore, biologically productive waters from offshore, low-production waters. Mean flow in the inshore waters is poleward. However, this flow is interrupted in late spring and summer by a Surface-enhanced, equatorward-flowing, coastal upwelling jet. The upwelling jet coincides with maxima of nutrients, chlorophyll-a and primary production. Annual variability in the inshore zone is related to (1) vertical pycnocline movements associated with geostrophic adjustments to accelerations of the California Current system, and (2) coastal upwelling. In offshore waters, the annual cycle accounted for a small fraction of the variability, indicating the dominance of eddies and meanders in this zone (J. Geophys. Res. 92 (1987) 12947). The offshore regime was mesotrophic to oligotrophic, with a subsurface chlorophyll-a maximum above the nutricline. Considerable subduction may occur under the California Current jet and be an important process in the export of biogenic material to the deep sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Collins, CA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Rm 328,833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Castro, Carmen G./0000-0001-7415-078X NR 26 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 14-16 BP 2389 EP 2404 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(03)00134-6 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 730AX UT WOS:000185808000004 ER PT B AU Yost, DS AF Yost, David S. GP LOGIN: bkadmin/bkadmin BE Howorth, J Keeler, JTS TI The US-European Capabilities Gap and the Prospects for ESDP SO DEFENDING EUROPE: THE EU, NATO, AND THE QUEST FOR EUROPEAN AUTONOMY SE Europe in Transition-The NYU European Studies Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Transformation of NATO and the Question of European Unity CY MAY 05-06, 2000 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, Seattle, WA HO UNIV WASHINGTON C1 [Yost, David S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4039-6690-2 J9 EUR TRANSIT-NYU EUR PY 2003 BP 81 EP 106 PG 26 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BPO18 UT WOS:000279524400005 ER PT S AU Dobeck, GJ Cobb, JT AF Dobeck, GJ Cobb, JT BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI False alarm reduction by the And-ing of multiple multivariate Gaussian classifiers SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID SEA MINE DETECTION; SONAR IMAGERY; SHALLOW-WATER; CLASSIFICATION; FUSION; DETECTION/CLASSIFICATION AB The high-resolution sonar is one of the principal sensors used by the Navy to detect and classify sea mines in minehunting operations. For such sonar systems, substantial effort has been devoted to the development of automated detection and classification (D/C) algorithms. These have been spurred by several factors including (1) aids for operators to reduce work overload, (2) more optimal use of all available data, and (3) the introduction of unmanned minehunting systems. The environments where sea mines are typically laid (harbor areas, shipping lanes, and the littorals) give rise to many false alarms caused by natural, biologic, and man-made clutter. The objective of the automated D/C algorithms is to eliminate most of these false alarms while still maintaining a very high probability of mine detection and classification (PdPc). In recent years, the benefits of fusing the outputs of multiple D/C algorithms have been studied. We refer to this as Algorithm Fusion. The results have been remarkable, including reliable robustness to new environments. This paper describes a method for training several multivariate Gaussian classifiers such that their And-ing dramatically reduces false alarms while maintaining a high probability of classification. This training approach is referred to as the Focused- Training method. This work extends our 2001-2002 work where the Focused-Training method was used with three other types of classifiers: the Attractor-based K-Nearest Neighbor Neural Network (a type of radial-basis, probabilistic neural network), the Optimal Discrimination Filter Classifier (based linear discrimination theory), and the Quadratic Penalty Function Support Vector Machine (QPFSVM). Although our experience has been gained in the area of sea mine detection and classification, the principles described herein are general and can be applied to a wide range of pattern recognition and automatic target recognition (ATR) problems. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Dobeck, GJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 45 EP 57 DI 10.1117/12.487782 PN 1&2 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400005 ER PT S AU Suiter, HR Pham, CN Tinsley, KR AF Suiter, HR Pham, CN Tinsley, KR BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Calibrating and characterizing intensified video cameras radiometrically SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE characterization; imaging radiometry; calibration. multispectral; intensified cameras AB Multispectral, hyperspectral, and polarization filters have been shown to provide additional discriminants when searching for mines and other obstacles, but they demand more illumination for the sensing system. Conventional CCD video cameras, when used through such filters, fail at sunset or soon after. It is tempting to employ an automatic-gain intensified camera to push this time deeper into the night (especially with artificial illumination) but relating the response between different images or different channels, possibly taken at different gain, is not as straightforward as it is with a silicon CCD. Over the last several years, Coastal Systems Station has developed a set of simple system characterization and calibration procedures that enable using an intensified video camera as a serviceable imaging radiometer. Parameters from this calibration procedure are easily inserted into predictive models and images are directly comparable using them. These methods will be described, especially as they apply to the camera used in the recent Airborne Laser Diode Array Illuminator (ALDAI) tests. Minimum data that must be monitored in the camera will also be listed. C1 USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Suiter, HR (reprint author), USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 6703 W hwy 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1117/12.489852 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400013 ER PT S AU Holloway, J Crosby, F Petee, D Suiter, H Witherspoon, N AF Holloway, J Crosby, F Petee, D Suiter, H Witherspoon, N BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Laser diode arrays for naval reconnaissance SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE laser diode array; active illumination; nighttime reconnaissance AB The Airborne Littoral Reconnaissance Technologies (ALRT) project has demonstrated a nighttime operational minefield detection capability using commercial off-the-shelf high-power Laser Diode Arrays (LDAs). Historically, optical aerial detection of minefields has primarily been limited to daytime operations but LDAs promise compact and efficient lighting, to allow for extended reconnaissance operations for future mine detection systems. When combined with hich-resolution intensified imaging systems, LDAs can illuminate otherwise unseen areas. Future wavelength options will open the way for active multispectral imaging with LDAs. The Coastal Systems Station working for the Office of Naval Research on the ALRT project has designed, developed, integrated, and tested both prototype and commercial arrays from a Cessna airborne platform. Detailed test results show the ability to detect several targets of interest in a variety of background conditions. Initial testing of the prototype arrays, reported on last year, was completed and further investigations of the commercial versions were performed. Polarization state detection studies were performed, and advantageous properties of the of the source-target-sensor geometry noted. Current project plans are to expand the field-of-view coverage for Naval exercises in the summer of 2003. This paper describes the test collection, data library products, array information on-going test analysis results, and future planned testing of the LDAs. C1 USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Holloway, J (reprint author), USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 238 EP 249 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400023 ER PT S AU Suiter, HR Petee, DA Tinsley, KR Pham, CN Holloway, JH AF Suiter, HR Petee, DA Tinsley, KR Pham, CN Holloway, JH BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Backscattering from the littoral air medium in an airborne diode laser system SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE atmospheric scatter; monostatic backscatter; bistatic backscatter; aerosols; laser diodes AB During the recent nighttime testing of the Airborne Laser Diode Array Illuminator (ALDAI) system in a humid and aerosol-rich environment, it was found that the laser backscatter competed with the ground-reflected signal at higher altitudes. Such an effect was stronger in the polarization channel parallel to the outgoing illumination. Theoretical calculations indicated that most of the scattering was taking place in the first few feet of overlap between the outgoing illumination and the field of regard. To test this, the laser was pointed into a geometry which had no target field, that scattered solely into the air. Backscattered returns were reduced and plotted versus source-receiver separation distance. C1 USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Suiter, HR (reprint author), USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 6703 W Hwy 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 250 EP 257 DI 10.1117/12.490118 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400024 ER PT S AU Taylor, JS Davis, PS Wolff, LB AF Taylor, JS Davis, PS Wolff, LB BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Underwater partial polarization signatures from the shallow water real-time Imaging polarimeter (SHRIMP) SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE linear polarimeter; Shallow water; real-time imaging polarimeter; degree of polarization; unmanned underwater vehicle AB Research has shown that naturally occurring light outdoors and underwater is partially linearly polarized. The polarized components can be combined to form an image that describes the polarization of the light in the scene. This image is known as the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) image or partial polarization image. These naturally occurring polarization signatures can provide a diver or an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) with more information to detect, classify, and identify threats such as obstacles and/or mines in the shallow water environment. The SHallow water Real-time IMaging Polarimeter (SHRIMP), recently developed under sponsorship of Dr. Tom Swean at the Office of Naval Research (Code 321OE), can measure underwater partial polarization imagery. This sensor is a passive, three-channel device that simultaneously measures the three components of the Stokes vector needed to determine the partial linear polarization of the scene. The testing of this sensor has been completed and the data has been analyzed. This paper presents performance results from the field-testing and quantifies the gain provided by the partial polarization signature of targets in the Very Shallow Water (VSW) and Surf Zone (SZ) regions. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Taylor, JS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 296 EP 311 PN 1&2 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400029 ER PT S AU Taylor, JS Cordes, B AF Taylor, JS Cordes, B BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Process for the development of image quality metrics for underwater electro-optic sensors SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE image quality; EOID; probability of identification; NIIRS; GIQE; target acquisition model AB Electro-optic identification (EOID) sensors have been demonstrated as an important tool in the identification of bottom sea mines and are transitioning to the fleet. These sensors produce two and three-dimensional images that will be used by operators and algorithms to make the all-important decision regarding use of neutralization systems against sonar contacts classified as mine-like. The quality of EOID images produced can vary dramatically depending on system design, operating parameters, and ocean environment, necessitating the need for a common scale of image quality or interpretability as a basic measure of the information content of the output images and the expected performance that they provide. Two candidate approaches have been identified for the development of an image quality metric. The first approach is the development of a modified National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale (NIIRS) based on the EOID tasks. Coupled with this new scale would be a modified form of the General Image Quality Equation (GIQE) to provide a bridge from the system parameters to the NIIRS scale. The other approach is based on the Target Acquisition Model (TAM) that has foundations in Johnson's criteria and a set of tasks. The following paper presents these two approaches along with an explanation of the application to the EOID problem. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Taylor, JS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 395 EP 405 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400037 ER PT S AU Nelson, HH Barrow, BJ Bell, TH San Filipo, B Won, IJ AF Nelson, HH Barrow, BJ Bell, TH San Filipo, B Won, IJ BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Characterization of a GEM-3 array for UXO classification SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AB We have designed and built a non-synchronous, sequential array of GEM-3 sensors for use with the Multi-sensor Towed Array Detection System (MTADS) with support from ESTCP. The roughly 2-m square array consists of three, 96-cm diameter GEM-3s in a triangular configuration. The GEM drive electronics have been modified to produce a substantially higher transmit moment, and thus increased sensitivity, than the standard GEM-3. The individual sensors transmit a composite waveform made up of ten frequencies from 30 Hz to 48 kHz for a single 1/30 s base period. Sequential operation allows two of these base periods for deconvolution and output of the frequency-dependent response from each GEM-3. After allowing for a short coil settling time between sensors, we achieve an array sampling rate of just over 9 Hz. Coupled with our standard survey speed of 3 mph, this results in a down-track sampling spacing of similar to15 cm. The cross-track spacing is 50 cm. We have characterized these sensors at our Blossom Point test site. The static and dynamic response of the array to a variety of ordnance, ordnance simulants, and scrap is presented with consideration given to both detection and classification. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nelson, HH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6110, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 940 EP 949 DI 10.1117/12.486865 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400091 ER PT S AU Stetson, S Crosby, F AF Stetson, S Crosby, F BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Automated threshold selection for a Constant False Alarm Rate SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Constant False Alarm Rate; CFAR; threshold selection; automatic target recognition AB The utility of Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) algorithms is that the selection of a detection threshold may be made independently of image intensity. However, wide application of the algorithms shows that detection values are highly dependent on scene characteristics. A threshold selection algorithm is presented for a CFAR detection algorithm. Fitting the output of the detection algorithm with a model of a portion of the theoretical results allows for background independent threshold selection. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Stetson, S (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 1383 EP 1394 DI 10.1117/12.501573 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400135 ER PT S AU Suiter, HR Pham, CN Arrieta, RT AF Suiter, HR Pham, CN Arrieta, RT BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Comparison of sub-sampled and fully sampled system MTF curves inferred from the line-spread function using the DIPOL camera SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE MTF measurement; camera characterization; calibration; intensified CCD AB The inferred line-spread function is an easy technique for inferring orthogonal components of the two-dimensional modulation transfer function (MTF), even from the air. However, it has been most commonly used for cameras for which the resolution is nowhere near the Nyquist frequency. The purpose of such limitation is so that the pixel sampling does not have a serious consequence on the measurement of the MTF. The binning capability of the purely digital DIPOL camera is used to demonstrate that using this method even in moderately oversampled systems does not impact results as long as certain averaging techniques are used. A brief tutorial of the normalization and pitfalls of the method will also be given so that this powerful and simple measurement will become more widely used. Example images will also be shown of mine simulators, together with polarization-product images. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Suiter, HR (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, 6703 W Hwy 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 1395 EP 1401 DI 10.1117/12.490005 PN 1&2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400136 ER PT S AU Schmidt, TM Petry, FE Ladner, R AF Schmidt, TM Petry, FE Ladner, R BE Chung, PWH Hinde, C Ali, M TI The object event calculus and temporal geographic information systems SO DEVELOPMENTS IN APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL LOUGHBOROUGH, ENGLAND DE event calculus; temporal GIS; spatiotemporal data; temporal object model AB In our approach, the Event Calculus is used to provide a formalism that avoids the question of object timestamping by not applying time to objects. Rather, temporal behavior is reflected in events, which bring about changes in objects. Previous applications of the Event Calculus in databases are considered. An extension of the formalism to a fully bitemporal model is demonstrated. These extensions and the Object Event Calculus (OEC) form a framework for approaching temporal issues in object-oriented systems. Practical application issues as well as formal theory are described. Current GISes will support areal calculations on geographic objects, and can also describe topological relations between them. However, they lack the ability to extrapolate from historical data. The sufficiency of the temporal GIS model to support inventory, updates, quality control and display is demonstrated. Follow-up and further extensions and areas of exploration are presented at the conclusion. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mapping Charting & Geodesy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Schmidt, TM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mapping Charting & Geodesy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40455-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2003 VL 2718 BP 799 EP 813 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BX29U UT WOS:000184852400081 ER PT J AU Billings, L Bollt, E Morgan, D Schwartz, IB AF Billings, Lora Bollt, Erik Morgan, David Schwartz, Ira B. TI STOCHASTIC GLOBAL BIFURCATION IN PERTURBED HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS SO DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Stochastic dynamical systems; Hamiltonian; bifurcation; chaos ID SUBHARMONIC BIFURCATION; DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; BI-INSTABILITY; EPIDEMIC MODEL; DRIVEN LASER; OUTBREAKS; CHAOS AB We study two perturbed Hamiltonian systems in which chaos-like dynamics can be induced by stochastic perturbations. We show the similarities of a class of population and laser models, analytically and topologically. Both systems have similar manifold structure that includes bi-instability and partially formed heteroclinic connections. Noise takes advantage of this structure, inducing a global bifurcation and chaotic-like dynamics which exhibits mixed mode behavior of the original bi-stable solutions. We support these claims with numerical approximations of the transport between basins. C1 [Billings, Lora] Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Bollt, Erik] Clarkson Univ, Dept Math, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Bollt, Erik] Clarkson Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Bollt, Erik] Clarkson Univ, Dept Phys, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Morgan, David; Schwartz, Ira B.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Billings, L (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. EM billingsl@mail.montclair.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); ONR [N00173-01-1-G911]; National Science Foundation [DMS-0071314]; NRC FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). L.B. was supported by ONR grant N00173-01-1-G911. E.B. was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant DMS-0071314. D.M. was supported by an NRC postdoctoral fellowship. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1078-0947 EI 1553-5231 J9 DISCRETE CONT DYN-A JI Discret. Contin. Dyn. Syst. PY 2003 SU S BP 123 EP 132 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA V30EN UT WOS:000208799400016 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM Puri, P AF Jordan, P. M. Puri, P. TI SOME RECENT FINDINGS CONCERNING UNSTEADY DIPOLAR FLUID FLOWS SO DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Dipolar fluids; Stokes' second problem; wave propagation ID NONCLASSICAL HEAT-CONDUCTION; STOKES 2ND PROBLEM; FLAT-PLATE AB Stokes' second problem for dipolar fluids is solved and analyzed under boundary conditions (BC)s involving the usual no-slip condition in conjunction with the specification of the vorticity. A comparison of results obtained with those given in other work where a different set of BCs was used is presented. In addition, special/limiting cases of the solution, including those which correspond to other fluid models, are examined and analytical and numerical results are given. C1 [Jordan, P. M.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Puri, P.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Math, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil; ppuri@math.uno.edu FU CORE/ONR/NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship [PE 606435N] FX This work was performed while P.M.J. held a CORE/ONR/NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship (PE 606435N). NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1078-0947 EI 1553-5231 J9 DISCRETE CONT DYN-A JI Discret. Contin. Dyn. Syst. PY 2003 SU S BP 459 EP 468 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA V30EN UT WOS:000208799400055 ER PT J AU McWilliams, M AF McWilliams, M TI Distant tables - Food and the novel in Early America SO EARLY AMERICAN LITERATURE LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McWilliams, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PRESS PI CHAPEL HILL PA BOX 2288, JOURNALS DEPT, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27515-2288 USA SN 0012-8163 J9 EARLY AM LITERATURE JI Early Am. Lit. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 3 BP 365 EP 393 DI 10.1353/eal.2003.0041 PG 29 WC Literature, American SC Literature GA 756JJ UT WOS:000187461700003 ER PT J AU Tokmakian, R AF Tokmakian, R. TI Monitoring North Pacific Heat Content Variability: An Indicator of Fish Quantity? SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Altimetry; Heat content; North Pacific AB Fields of modeled sea surface heights and temperatures are used to develop an algorithm to monitor the low-frequency heat content variability of the North Pacific's midlatitudes associated with regime shifts in the circulation patterns of the Alaskan and the California Currents. Data from altimetric and infrared satellites are then used to apply the method using observational measurements. The model shows that the midlatitude Pacific subsurface circulation variability is primarily due to large, low-frequency horizontal north-south gyre movement. The changes may also be due to large-scale atmospheric changes in wind patterns, local mixing, as well as internal dynamics. It is proposed that this type of monitoring might be useful to help with understanding the variability in fisheries. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tokmakian, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM robint@ucar.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2003 VL 7 AR 13 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA V04NZ UT WOS:000207066400013 ER PT S AU Zarras, P Stenger-Smith, JD AF Zarras, P Stenger-Smith, JD BE Zarras, P StengerSmith, JD Wei, Y TI An introduction to corrosion protection using electroactive polymers SO ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS FOR CORROSION CONTROL SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electroactive Polymers for Corrosion Control CY DEC, 2000 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN ID CONDUCTING POLYMER; MILD-STEEL; POLYANILINE; COATINGS; ELECTROPOLYMERIZATION; PREVENTION; BEHAVIOR; FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTROLYTES AB An introduction to the chemistry and corrosion properties of electroactive polymers (EAPs) will be presented. This chapter will focus on both the synthesis of several classes of EAPs and the processes by which the insulating form is converted to the conducting form. The book chapter will present a compelling argument for the use of EAPs as corrosion protecting materials for metals in both acidic and alkaline aqueous environments. The corrosion inhibiting properties of EAPs and the proposed mechanisms by which EAPs perform will also be discussed. (C) 2003 American Chemical Society. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Dept Navy, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Zarras, P (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Dept Navy, Code 4T4220D,1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 96 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3790-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 843 BP 2 EP 17 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Polymer Science GA BW37B UT WOS:000181732300002 ER PT S AU Anderson, N Irvin, DJ Irvin, JA Stenger-Smith, JD Guenthner, A Webber, C Zarras, P AF Anderson, N Irvin, DJ Irvin, JA Stenger-Smith, JD Guenthner, A Webber, C Zarras, P BE Zarras, P StengerSmith, JD Wei, Y TI Improved synthesis and corrosion properties of poly(bis-(dialkylamino)phenylene vinylene)s (BAMPPV) SO ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS FOR CORROSION CONTROL SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electroactive Polymers for Corrosion Control CY DEC, 2000 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN AB An alternative material for corrosion protection on 2024 T3 aluminum alloy in aqueous alkaline environments has been synthesized and tested. The alternative material is a poly(phenylene vinylene) derivative called poly(bis-(N-methyl-N-hexylamino)phenylene vinylene) (BAMPPV). The synthesis of this material is discussed including improvements in overall yield of polymer and reduction in the side products. The BAMPPV was coated onto 2024 T3 Al alloy plates using a draw down method and an atomization and flame deposition process. The material has performed well in both neutral and alkaline (pH=8) environments and has shown excellent adhesion to the 2024 T3 aluminum alloy. A comparison of panels coated with BAMPPV to panels coated with chromate conversion coatings using B117 salt-fog tests (pH=7) showed similar performance results. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Anderson, N (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Code 4T4220D,1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RI Irvin, Jennifer/C-7968-2013 OI Irvin, Jennifer/0000-0003-3500-8419 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3790-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 843 BP 140 EP 155 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Polymer Science GA BW37B UT WOS:000181732300009 ER PT S AU Berrington, RC Dermer, CD AF Berrington, RC Dermer, CD BE Holt, SS Reynolds, CS TI Nonthermal particles and radiation produced by cluster merger shocks SO EMERGENCE OF COSMIC STRUCTURE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Astrophysics Conference CY OCT 07-09, 2002 CL COLLEGE PK, MD SP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Maryland ID EMISSION; GALAXIES; ORIGIN AB We have developed a numerical model for the temporal evolution of particle and photon spectra resulting from nonthermal processes at the shock fronts formed in merging clusters of galaxies. Fermi acceleration is approximated by injecting power-law distributions of particles during a merger event, subject to constraints on maximum particle energies. We consider synchrotron, bremsstrahlung, Compton, and Coulomb processes for the electrons, nuclear, photomeson, and Coulomb processes for the protons, and knock-on electron production. Broadband radio through gamma-ray light curves radiated by nonthermal protons and primary and secondary electrons are calculated both during and after the merger event. Using ROSAT observations to establish typical parameters for the matter density profile of clusters of galaxies, we find that merger shocks are weak and accelerate particles with relatively soft spectra. Our results suggest that only a minor contribution to the diffuse extragalactic gamma-ray background can originate from cluster merger shocks. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Berrington, RC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0128-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 666 BP 183 EP 186 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BW85R UT WOS:000183411200022 ER PT S AU Middlebrook, CT Smith, JG AF Middlebrook, CT Smith, JG BE Sisti, AF Trevisani, DA TI Acquisition-based simulation and modeling for multi-sensor systems SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE FLIRs; CCDs; modeling and simulation; FLIR 92; NVTherm; SSCAM; MODTRAN AB This paper will describe multi-sensor modeling and how its use is applicable throughout the acquisition process. Since the acquisition process and the consequential modeling and simulation efforts are results of the developed Operational Requirements Document (ORD), the development and essential information that should be included within the ORD will also be addressed. In addition, currently available modeling tools along with their individual tradeoffs and the assumptions that can be made in order to facilitate modeling where design or operational parameters do not exist will be discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Hight Vis & Chem Biol Warfare Dept, NVEO, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Middlebrook, CT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Hight Vis & Chem Biol Warfare Dept, NVEO, 300 Highway 361, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4951-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5091 BP 471 EP 483 DI 10.1117/12.487544 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BX58J UT WOS:000185758700048 ER PT S AU Yoshimori, M Hirayama, H Mori, S Share, GH Murphy, RJ AF Yoshimori, M Hirayama, H Mori, S Share, GH Murphy, RJ BE Dennis, BR Kosugi, T Lin, RP TI Energy content of accelerated electrons and ions in intense solar flares SO ENERGY RELEASE AND PARTICLE ACCELERATION IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE - FLARES AND RELATED PHENOMENA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Comm Space Res ID SPECTROSCOPY; ABUNDANCES; YOHKOH AB The energy content of nonthermal particles in solar flares is shared between accelerated electrons and ions. It is important for understanding the particle acceleration mechanism in solar flares. Yohkoh observed a few intense flares which produced both strong gamma-ray lines and electron bremsstrahlung continuum. We analyze energy spectra of X-class solar flares on October 27, 1991(X6.1), November 6, 1997 (X9.4), July 14, 2000 (X5.7) and November 24, 2000 (X2.3). The accelerated electron and proton spectra are derived from a spectral analysis of their high-energy photon emission and the energy contents in >1 MeV electrons and >10 MeV protons are estimated to be 6x10(28)-4x10(10) and 2x10(28)-5x(10) erg, respectively. We study the flare to flare variation in the energy content of > 1 MeV electrons and > 10 MeV protons for the four Yohkoh gamma-ray flares. Ratios of > 1 MeV electron energy content to > 10 MeV proton energy content are roughly within an order of magnitude. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rikkyo Univ, Toshima Ku, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yoshimori, M (reprint author), Rikkyo Univ, Toshima Ku, Toshima,3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. EM yosimori@rikkyo.ac.jp NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 12 BP 2465 EP 2470 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.07.004 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BY23H UT WOS:000188360800009 ER PT S AU Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Kaiser, ML Howard, RA AF Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Kaiser, ML Howard, RA BE Dennis, BR Kosugi, T Lin, RP TI Coronal mass ejection interaction and particle acceleration during the 2001 April 14-15 events SO ENERGY RELEASE AND PARTICLE ACCELERATION IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE - FLARES AND RELATED PHENOMENA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res ID ENERGETIC PARTICLES; WAVES; RADIO AB Two successive solar energetic particle (SEP) events associated with fast and wide coronal mass ejections (CMEs) on 2001 April 14 and 15 are compared. The weak SEP event of April 14 associated with an 830 km/s CME and an M1.0 flare was the largest impulsive event of cycle 23. The April 15 event, the largest ground level event of cycle 23, was three orders of magnitude more intense than the April 14(th) event and was associated with a faster CME (1200 km/s) and an X14.4 flare. We compiled and compared all the activities (flares, CMEs, interplanetary conditions and radio bursts) associated with the two SEP events to understand the intensity difference between them. Different coronal and interplanetary environments of the two events (presence of preceding CME and seed particles ahead of the April 15 event) may explain the intensity difference. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM gopals@fugee.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 12 BP 2613 EP 2618 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.09.038 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BY23H UT WOS:000188360800032 ER PT S AU Yashiro, S Gopalswamy, N Michalek, G Howard, RA AF Yashiro, S Gopalswamy, N Michalek, G Howard, RA BE Dennis, BR Kosugi, T Lin, RP TI Properties of narrow coronal mass ejections observed with lasco SO ENERGY RELEASE AND PARTICLE ACCELERATION IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE - FLARES AND RELATED PHENOMENA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Comm Space Res ID WHITE-LIGHT; JETS AB We report the statistical properties of narrow coronal mass ejections (CMEs, angular width < 20degrees) with particular emphasis on comparison with normal CMEs. We investigated 806 narrow CMEs from an online LASCO/CME catalog and found that (1) the fraction of narrow CMEs increases from 12% to 22% towards solar maximum, (2) during the solar maximum, the narrow CMEs are generally faster than normal ones, (3) the maximum speed of narrow CMEs (1141 km s(-1)) is much smaller than that of the normal CMEs (2604 km s(-1)). These results imply that narrow CMEs do not form a subset of normal CMEs and have a different acceleration mechanism from normal CMEs. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, Krakow, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yashiro, S (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM yashiro@cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 12 BP 2631 EP 2635 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.03.018 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BY23H UT WOS:000188360800035 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB AF Johnson, WB TI A framework for conceptualizing competence to mentor SO ETHICS & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE competence; mentor; mentoring; faculty; training ID CAREER-DEVELOPMENT; PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY; GRADUATE-EDUCATION; GENDER DIFFERENCES; SEXUAL ATTRACTION; RESEARCH AGENDA; PSYCHOLOGY; WOMEN; STUDENT; PROTEGES AB Although advertisements for jobs in academe increasingly suggest that mentoring students is a job requirement, and although academic institutions are increasingly prone to consider a faculty member's performance as a mentor at promotion and tenure junctures, there is currently no common approach to conceptualizing or evaluating mentor competence. This article proposes the triangular model of mentor competence as a preliminary framework for conceptualizing specific components of faculty competence in the mentor role. The triangular model includes mentor character virtues and intellectual/emotional abilities, as well as knowledge and skills (competencies) that are seen as expressions of training and experience. The article concludes with discussion of the implications of this model for faculty hiring, training, and evaluation. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 94 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 7 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1050-8422 J9 ETHICS BEHAV JI Ethics Behav. PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 127 EP 151 DI 10.1207/S15327019EB1302_02 PG 25 WC Ethics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology GA 708AU UT WOS:000184544900002 ER PT S AU Todd, MD Nichols, J Seaver, M Trickey, S Virgin, L Pecora, L Carroll, T AF Todd, MD Nichols, J Seaver, M Trickey, S Virgin, L Pecora, L Carroll, T BE In, V Kocarev, L Carroll, TL Gluckman, BJ Boccaletti, S Kurths, J TI Development and application of chaotic attractor property analysis for vibration-based structural damage assessment SO EXPERIMENTAL CHAOS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Experimental Chaos Conference CY AUG 26-29, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USN, Off Res, Phys Sci Div AB Long-term, high-level performance demands on a variety of structures and equipment have stimulated significant research in the field of structural health monitoring. The primary goals of this field are to provide information regarding structural performance capability, damage assessment, and even structural prognosis, all of which may potentially reduce the ownership costs associated with the maintenance and operation of the structure. Much of the research has largely taken a vibration-based approach, whereby the structural dynamic response to either ambient or applied loading is analyzed for changes in certain characteristic "features" that serve as appropriate damage indicators. Many of the features proposed have involved parameters derived from a modal analysis of the structure, e.g., resonant frequencies, mode shapes, damping, strain energy, flexibility, etc. In this work, we present features taken from measured attractors of the structure. System characterization (including damage detection) by means of geometric invariants, such as attractor(s), is potentially a powerful generic approach which does not rely on implicit assumptions in an underlying model, e.g., linearity. The structure is excited with a chaotic oscillator, and the combined chaotic excitation dynamics and structural response may be thought of as the "filtering" of chaotic data: the structure acts as a "filter" through which the chaotic signal is processed so that small changes to the structure (ostensibly due to damage) will serve to alter the degree to which the signal is filtered. We develop the attractor property trajectory prediction error as a candidate feature and evaluate its utility in detecting clamping force degradation on a continuous metal beam. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Todd, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0145-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 676 BP 315 EP 326 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BX51U UT WOS:000185578700038 ER PT S AU Pecora, L Boccaletti, S Valladares, DL Moniz, L Geffert, HP Carroll, T AF Pecora, L Boccaletti, S Valladares, DL Moniz, L Geffert, HP Carroll, T BE In, V Kocarev, L Carroll, TL Gluckman, BJ Boccaletti, S Kurths, J TI Multiple time series and attractor reconstructions SO EXPERIMENTAL CHAOS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Experimental Chaos Conference CY AUG 26-29, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USN, Off Res, Phys Sci Div AB Many experiments have the ability to record more than one time series of data simultaneously. We explore two issues that are present when multiple time series are used to reconstruct attractors which are not present in the case of one time series. First, we show that there is an algorithmic approach to false nearest neighbors that naturally extends the established, one-series method. Second, the question of redundant information in two or more time series is a new issue and we show that the typical approach of mutual information can lead to erroneous results. The correct approach is a statistic that tests for the existence of a function which leads to the correct results. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Pecora, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6340, Washington, DC USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0145-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 676 BP 339 EP 348 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BX51U UT WOS:000185578700041 ER PT S AU Moniz, L Pecora, L Carroll, T Trickey, S Todd, M Nichols, J AF Moniz, L Pecora, L Carroll, T Trickey, S Todd, M Nichols, J BE In, V Kocarev, L Carroll, TL Gluckman, BJ Boccaletti, S Kurths, J TI Vibration-based damage assessment using novel function statistics with multiple time series SO EXPERIMENTAL CHAOS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Experimental Chaos Conference CY AUG 26-29, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USN, Off Res, Phys Sci Div AB Analysis of data from experiments on dynamical systems often centers on the embedding of time series data to reconstruct an atttractor. In our system, we consider output expressed as multiple time series from a circuit designed to simulate a spring-mass system in both an undamaged and a damaged state. In order to analyze differences in the reconstructed attractors between the damaged and undamaged states we employ a new version of the Continuity Statistic. This statistic was first introduced by Pecora, Carroll and Heagy [1]. Here we use the statistic in the new setting of an embedding of multiple time series and in order to address noisy data, formulate a new null hypothesis. We show that this new continuity statistic is an appropriate tool for showing differences between reconstructed attractors in the specific case of our simulated spring-mass system in "damaged" and "undamaged" conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moniz, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0145-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 676 BP 349 EP 354 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BX51U UT WOS:000185578700042 ER PT S AU Graham, SM Mercier, J AF Graham, SM Mercier, J BE Reuter, WG Piascik, RS TI Applications of scaling models and the Weibull stress to the determination of structural performance-based material screening criteria SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 33RD VOLUME SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 25-29, 2001 CL MORAN, WY SP Amer Soc Testing Mat, Comm EO8 Fatigue & Fracture DE constraint; fracture toughness; HSLA-65; transition; toughness scaling; Weibull stress; master curved reference temperature; explosion bulge ID FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; CALIBRATION; PREDICTION; STEELS AB Certification of new welding systems for naval ship construction involves demonstrating that the system will provide adequate structural performance under severe loading conditions. The standard test used by the Navy to demonstrate that a weld can withstand extensive plastic deformation in the presence of a flaw is the Explosion Bulge/Explosion Crack Starter test. This test uses a rather large specimen fabricated from 1 in. or 2 in. (25.4 or 50.8 mm) thick plate that is explosively loaded. Consequently, conducting an explosion bulge test series can be very expensive. The test is also rather extreme in the level of plastic deformation developed in the plate. The loading condition simulates the strain rate that might be caused by direct shock in an underwater explosion, but is not necessarily representative of typical surface ship loading rates. For certification purposes it would be desirable to develop relevant structural performance requirements and then use a simple, inexpensive test to determine if the welding system will meet the requirement. The objective of this study was to determine what combination of material properties the weld system must have to obtain the required performance. Structural performance was assessed by conducting tests on a structural performance element that was representative of plate thickness and loading conditions. Scaling models are presented that compare the structural performance element with the traditional Explosion Crack Starter specimen. Failure probabilities were calculated using the Weibull stress concept, the transition temperature and the Master Curve. The transition temperature and probability of failure are incorporated into criteria that the weld system must meet to ensure that the structure will have the desired performance. The proposed approach for determining structural performance-based material selection criteria was used to interpret the results from a series of tests on HSLA-65 welds. Fracture toughness, structural elements and the Explosion Crack Starter tests were conducted to characterize the fracture performance of the various welds. The results from these tests are presented and the relationship between the material properties, and the resulting structural performance is discussed, C1 Anteon Corp, Survivabil Engn Dept, USN, Warfare Ctr,Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Graham, SM (reprint author), Anteon Corp, Survivabil Engn Dept, USN, Warfare Ctr,Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 0-8031-2899-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1417 BP 209 EP 230 DI 10.1520/STP11078S PG 22 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW10C UT WOS:000180882300011 ER PT S AU Tregoning, RL Joyce, JA AF Tregoning, RL Joyce, JA BE Reuter, WG Piascik, RS TI Application of a T-Stress based constraint correction to A533B steel fracture toughness data SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 33RD VOLUME SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 25-29, 2001 CL MORAN, WY SP Amer Soc Testing Mat, Comm EO8 Fatigue & Fracture DE fracture; fracture toughness; ductile-to-brittle transition; ductile fracture; T-0; reference temperature; master curve; constraints cleavage ID CLEAVAGE FRACTURE AB Over the past 18 months, a large data set has been developed on an A533B plate material removed from the decommissioned Shoreham nuclear power pressure vessel. The specimens in this data set were tested in the ductile-to-brittle transition regime using the procedures of the new ASTM Standard, Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, T., for Ferrific Steels in the Transition Range (E 192 1). Results presented earlier (1] showed that crack length ratio has a clear effect on the reference transition temperature, and also that SE(B) and C(T) specimens define clearly different reference temperatures for this material. The observation that the extent of plasticity had little effect on the observed specimen geometry shift led to an investigation of the elastic T-stress as a potential measure of constraint for these results. It was found that T. did correlate well with the median T-stress [21 obtained from standard equations [3] for the sample geometries used. The effect of T-stress on specimen crack-tip constraint on T. has been investigated recently by Gao and Dodds [4], who noticed the strong effect that the T-stress had on plane strain finite element models under small-scale yielding conditions. Using finite element analysis and a Weibull stress-based failure model, Gao and Dodds calculated and developed polynomial fitting relationships for their T-stress scaling function [4]. Application of this method of constraint adjustment seemed promising [5] to predict the shift of the T. reference temperature between different specimen geometries. This work applies the T-stress based constraint correction functions of Gao and Dodds to the new A533B data set. The analysis shows that a Weibull modulus can be chosen that resolves the observed constraint differences between the shallow and deep crack SE(B) data sets, while a slightly different Weibull modulus is required when deep crack C(T) data sets are substituted for the deep crack SE(B) data sets. However, the constraint correction procedure does not account for the difference observed in this data set between the deep crack SE(B) and C(T) data sets. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Tregoning, RL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 0-8031-2899-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1417 BP 307 EP 327 DI 10.1520/STP11082S PG 21 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW10C UT WOS:000180882300015 ER PT S AU Link, RE AF Link, RE BE Reuter, WG Piascik, RS TI Dynamic fracture toughness measurements in the ductile-to-brittle region using small specimens SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 33RD VOLUME SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 25-29, 2001 CL MORAN, WY SP Amer Soc Testing Mat, Comm EO8 Fatigue & Fracture DE cracked round bar; constraint; dynamic fracture toughness; master curve; reference temperature; A533 Grade B steel AB The dynamic fracture toughness of a reactor pressure vessel steel was investigated using small specimens. Precracked Charpy-size SE(B) specimens and circumferentially cracked round bars (CRB) loaded in tension were used to investigate the dynamic fracture toughness of an A533, Gr. B steel plate within the ductile-brittle transition region. The specimens used in this investigation were removed from the broken halves of conventional 4T C(T) specimens that had been utilized in a previous investigation of the dynamic fracture toughness of this material. Crack-tip loading rates in excess of 10(4) MPa-m(1/2)/s were achieved in the current tests. Multiple specimens were tested at each temperature in order to permit the determination of the reference temperature, To. A fracture toughness scaling model for the circumferentially cracked round bar developed by Sciabetta was used to account for the loss of constraint in this specimen. A master curve approach was used to characterize the dynamic toughness in the ductile-brittle region. The shift in transition temperature was compared to a model for the strain rate dependence of To developed by Wallin. The shift in transition temperature of the CRB specimen was accurately predicted by the model. The CRB specimen and the dynamic SE(B) specimens gave good results considering the material inhomogeneity typical of the plate tested. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 0-8031-2899-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1417 BP 651 EP 671 DI 10.1520/STP11099S PG 21 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW10C UT WOS:000180882300032 ER PT B AU Jones, H Batteen, ML Collins, CA Nuss, WA Miller, DK AF Jones, H Batteen, ML Collins, CA Nuss, WA Miller, DK GP AMS TI Sensitivity of a navy regional ocean model to high-resolution atmospheric model and scatterometer wind forcing SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Jones, H (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 5 EP 9 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200003 ER PT B AU Cross, PS Miller, DK Nuss, WA AF Cross, PS Miller, DK Nuss, WA GP AMS TI The effect of flow over coastal topography on the character of low-levei offshore wind maxima along the California coast in summer SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Submarine Forces, US Pacific Fleet, Honolulu, HI 96860 USA. RP Cross, PS (reprint author), USN, Submarine Forces, US Pacific Fleet, Honolulu, HI 96860 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 10 EP 17 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200004 ER PT B AU Miller, DK Nuss, WA Cross, PS AF Miller, DK Nuss, WA Cross, PS GP AMS TI Sensitivity of coastal jet structure to coastal topography SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID CALIFORNIA; LAYER C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Miller, DK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 18 EP 21 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200005 ER PT B AU Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Chu, PC Fan, CW GP AMS TI Conservative schemes for sigma coordinate ocean models SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID COMPACT DIFFERENCE SCHEME C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 28 EP 35 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200007 ER PT B AU Hwang, PA AF Hwang, PA GP AMS TI Parameterization functions of the drag coefficient and ocean surface wind stress computation SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID SEA-STATE; WAVES; FLUX C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200012 ER PT B AU Dykes, JD Hsu, YL Kaihatu, JM AF Dykes, JD Hsu, YL Kaihatu, JM GP AMS TI Application of Delft3D in the nearshore zone SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID PREDICTION MODEL; CURRENTS; WAVES C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Dykes, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Kaihatu, James/H-7561-2016 OI Kaihatu, James/0000-0002-9277-6409 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 57 EP 61 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200013 ER PT B AU Thompson, WT Burk, SD Lewis, J AF Thompson, WT Burk, SD Lewis, J GP AMS TI Investigation of fog and low clouds associated with a coastally trapped disturbance SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Thompson, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 70 EP 75 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200017 ER PT B AU Ko, DS Preller, RH Martin, PJ AF Ko, DS Preller, RH Martin, PJ GP AMS TI An experimental real-time Intra-Americas Sea Ocean Nowcast/Forecast System for coastal prediction SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ko, DS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 97 EP 100 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200021 ER PT B AU Burk, SD Haack, T AF Burk, SD Haack, T GP AMS TI Refractivity in the coastal atmospheric boundary layer SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID PROPAGATION; DUCT C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Burk, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 147 EP 150 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200032 ER PT B AU Marshall, RE Burgess, EH Rottier, JR AF Marshall, RE Burgess, EH Rottier, JR GP AMS TI Coastal ocean meteorological processes influencing the marine atmospheric surface layer near the virginia eastern shore SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Marshall, RE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, T44,17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 151 EP 155 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200033 ER PT B AU Haack, T Burk, SD AF Haack, T Burk, SD GP AMS TI Impact of temporal SST variations on a stratus-capped marine boundary layer SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID MESOSCALE; MODEL C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Haack, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM haack@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 160 EP 164 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200035 ER PT B AU Burk, SD Thompson, WT AF Burk, SD Thompson, WT GP AMS TI Mesoscale eddy formation and shock features associated with a coastally trapped disturbance SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID BOUNDARY-LAYER C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Burk, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 175 EP 182 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200038 ER PT S AU Dingledine, R Syverson, P AF Dingledine, R Syverson, P BE Blaze, M TI Reliable MIX cascade networks through reputation SO FINANCIAL CRYPTOGRAPHY SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conferene on Financial Cryptography CY MAR 11-14, 2002 CL SOUTHAMPTON, BERMUDA DE anonymity; reputation; peer-to-peer; communal randomness AB We describe a MIX cascade protocol and a reputation system that together increase the reliability of a network of MIX cascades. In our protocol, MIX nodes periodically generate a communally random seed that, along with their reputations, determines cascade configuration. Nodes send test messages to monitor their cascades. Senders can also demonstrate message decryptions to convince honest cascade members that a cascade is misbehaving. By allowing any node to declare the failure of its own cascade, we eliminate the need for global trusted witnesses. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00646-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2357 BP 253 EP 268 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW69X UT WOS:000182854400018 ER PT S AU Jones, KD Lindsey, K Platzer, MF AF Jones, KD Lindsey, K Platzer, MF BE Chakrabarti, SK Brebbia, CA Almorza, D GonzalezPalma, R TI An investigation of the fluid-structure interaction in an oscillating-wing micro-hydropower generator SO FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION II SE ADVANCES IN FLUID MECHANICS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Fluid Structure Interaction CY JUN 24-26, 2003 CL Univ Cadiz, Cadiz, SPAIN HO Univ Cadiz AB Results of a computational and experimental investigation of the fluid-structure phenomena occurring in an oscillating-wing micro-hydropower generator are presented. The generator consists of tandem wings which oscillate in a combined pitch-plunge mode with approximately 90 degree phase angle between the two motions. Two-dimensional inviscid and viscous flow codes are used to predict the oscillatory flow field and the power transferred from the water flow to the oscillating wings. Experimental results of water tunnel tests of this hydropower generator are also described and comparisons between the measured and predicted power output are given. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jones, KD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1353-808X BN 1-85312-978-X J9 ADV FLUID MECH SER PY 2003 VL 36 BP 73 EP 82 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BY78K UT WOS:000189462200008 ER PT S AU Landsberg, AM Kee, AJ Dare, A Ruben, KM AF Landsberg, AM Kee, AJ Dare, A Ruben, KM BE Chakrabarti, SK Brebbia, CA Almorza, D GonzalezPalma, R TI Parallel, coupled hydrocode simulations of weapon/target interactions for naval applications SO FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION II SE ADVANCES IN FLUID MECHANICS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Fluid Structure Interaction CY JUN 24-26, 2003 CL Univ Cadiz, Cadiz, SPAIN HO Univ Cadiz AB The Naval Surface Warfare Center Indian Head Division (NSWC/IHD) is developing and applying parallel, coupled hydrocodes for the modeling of weapon/target interactions for both underwater and surf-zone scenarios. The accurate modeling of underwater explosives deforming thin-shell structures requires a tight coupling between the fluid/explosive model and the target structure. NSWC/IHD is taking a multi-faceted approach by developing in-house parallel, coupled hydrocodes and applying hydrocodes developed by the Department of Energy (DoE). NSWC/IHD has developed the DYSMAS/Gemini hydrocode specifically for the accurate modeling and simulation of underwater explosion damage to naval structures. NSWC/IHD is also performing threedimensional modeling and simulation of explosion effects to examine weapons effects for obstacle clearance in the beach and surf zone. The overall goal is to perform end-to-end simulations of threat scenarios to evaluate obstacle damage and displacement. The hydrocodes being applied for these simulations include Zapotec (CTH/Pronto), Gemini/DynaN, CTH/AMR, and Alegra. Results of select simulations will be discussed. These fully three-dimensional, time-dependent simulations require a parallel, coupled hydrocode to accurately address their highly disparate time and length scales. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Landsberg, AM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1353-808X BN 1-85312-978-X J9 ADV FLUID MECH SER PY 2003 VL 36 BP 241 EP 250 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BY78K UT WOS:000189462200023 ER PT S AU Wardlaw, A Luton, JA Renzi, J Kiddy, K AF Wardlaw, A Luton, JA Renzi, J Kiddy, K BE Chakrabarti, SK Brebbia, CA Almorza, D GonzalezPalma, R TI Fluid-structure coupling methodology for undersea weapons SO FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION II SE ADVANCES IN FLUID MECHANICS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Fluid Structure Interaction CY JUN 24-26, 2003 CL Univ Cadiz, Cadiz, SPAIN HO Univ Cadiz AB Accurate prediction of underwater explosion damage to naval targets is an important aspect of weapon design. The stiffness of water makes this a difficult problem; target deformation modifies the pressure in the surrounding fluid, changing the pressure loading. Thus, it is necessary to couple the fluid and structure simulations. This is accomplished by running both simulations as separate processes that communicate after each fluid integration step. The fluid solution is carried out on a fixed, Cartesian product grid, which does not coincide with the body surface. Geometry routines included in the Euler module determine which cells are in the fluid, in the structure and intersected by the structure surface. A modified stair-step boundary treatment that accounts for local surface motion and orientation represents the body surface without introducing a complicated data structure or restricting step size. This approach can accommodate thick, singly wetted or thin, doubly wetted surfaces. The latter are common in underwater applications where naval vessels may have fluid backed surfaces. Computational examples are presented that include a moving piston, planar shock interaction with a cylinder as well as explosive loading of a double walled cylinder, an externally stiffened cylinder and a ship. The first two cases are two-dimensional and demonstrate the efficacy of the method, while the latter are three-dimensional and provide proof of principle for the application of this method to complex naval structures. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Wardlaw, A (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1353-808X BN 1-85312-978-X J9 ADV FLUID MECH SER PY 2003 VL 36 BP 251 EP 261 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BY78K UT WOS:000189462200024 ER PT S AU Dorland, BN AF Dorland, BN BE Grycewicz, TJ McCreight, CR TI Modeling the effects of proton damage to CCDs on astrometric measurement precision SO FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS FOR SPACE TELESCOPES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Focal Plane Arrays for Space Telescopes CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL san francisco, CA SP SPIE DE astrometry; charge coupled device (CCD); charge transfer efficiency (CTE); charge transfer inefficiency (CTI); radiation damage; protons; displacement damage; traps; radiation damage mitigation techniques; charge bar injection; fat zero; simulations AB High accuracy space astrometry missions such as the recently proposed AMEX will observe tens of millions of stars with mission measurement accuracies of less than 150 microarcseconds at m(v) = 9. In order to achieve this level of accuracy and coverage, focal planes containing tens of CCDs are necessary. These CCDs are exposed to damage from charged particles from Earth's radiation belts and solar wind. We have developed a computer simulation in order to estimate the effects of charged particle damage on the single measurement precision of an astrometric instrument in space. We describe the simulation in detail, and provide an example of its use in predicting the measurement performance of the AMEX instrument. C1 USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Dorland, BN (reprint author), USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, 3450 Mass Ave, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5040-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5167 BP 302 EP 312 DI 10.1117/12.508590 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY54V UT WOS:000189405600029 ER PT S AU Kiriakidis, K Gordon-Spears, DF AF Kiriakidis, K Gordon-Spears, DF BE Hinchey, MG Rash, JL Truszkowski, WE Rouff, C GordonSpears, D TI Formal modeling and supervisory control of reconfigurable robot teams SO FORMAL APPROACHES TO AGENT-BASED SYSTEMS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Formal Approaches to Agent-Based Systems (FAABS 2002) CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL GREENBELT, MARYLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc, NASA Goddard Code 588, Software Engn Lab, NASA Goddard Code 581, Software Engn Lab, Naval Res Lab, CTA Inc ID DISCRETE-EVENT SYSTEMS AB Teams of land-based, airborne, or submerged robots constitute a new breed of robotic systems for which the issue of controlled behavior arises naturally. In this paper, We model the dynamics of a re-configurable (adaptable) robot team Within the formalism of the discrete event system framework from control theory. The adaptation to be handled is one or more robots switching offline. This paper presents a novel method for learning and verification following adaptation - to restore supervision and assure the behavior of the team. C1 USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Wyoming, Coll Engn, Dept Comp Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Kiriakidis, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40665-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2003 VL 2699 BP 92 EP 102 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BX61A UT WOS:000185883800008 ER PT S AU Bharadwaj, R AF Bharadwaj, R BE Hinchey, MG Rash, JL Truszkowski, WE Rouff, C GordonSpears, D TI Verifiable middleware for secure agent interoperability SO FORMAL APPROACHES TO AGENT-BASED SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Formal Approaches to Agent-Based Systems (FAABS 2002) CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL GREENBELT, MD SP IEEE Comp Soc, NASA Goddard Code 588, Software Engn Lab, NASA Goddard Code 581, Software Engn Lab, Naval Res Lab, CTA Inc AB There is an increasing need, within organizations such as the Department of Defense and NASA, for building distributed applications that are rapidly re-configurable and survivable in the face of attacks and changing mission needs. Existing methods and tools axe inadequate to deal with the multitude of challenges posed by application development for systems that may be distributed over multiple physical nodes separated by vast geographical distances. The problem is exacerbated in a hostile and unforgiving environment such, as space where, in addition, systems axe vulnerable to failures. It is widely believed that intelligent software agents are central to the development of agile, efficient, and robust distributed applications. This paper presents details of agent-based middleware that could be the basis for developing such applications. We pay particular attention to the correctness, survivability, and efficiency of the underlying middleware architecture, and develop a middleware. definition language that permits applications to use this infrastructure in a scalable and seamless manner. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bharadwaj, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ramesh@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40665-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2003 VL 2699 BP 126 EP 132 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BX61A UT WOS:000185883800011 ER PT S AU Bharadwaj, R AF Bharadwaj, R BE Hinchey, MG Rash, JL Truszkowski, WE Rouff, C GordonSpears, D TI Naval applications of secure multi-agent technology SO FORMAL APPROACHES TO AGENT-BASED SYSTEMS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Formal Approaches to Agent-Based Systems (FAABS 2002) CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL GREENBELT, MARYLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc, NASA Goddard Code 588, Software Engn Lab, NASA Goddard Code 581, Software Engn Lab, Naval Res Lab, CTA Inc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bharadwaj, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40665-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2003 VL 2699 BP 235 EP 235 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BX61A UT WOS:000185883800019 ER PT S AU Rabinovich, WS Goetz, PG Mahon, R Waluschka, E Katzer, DS Binari, SC Biermann, ML Gilbreath, GC AF Rabinovich, WS Goetz, PG Mahon, R Waluschka, E Katzer, DS Binari, SC Biermann, ML Gilbreath, GC BE Mecherle, GS TI Cat's eye quantum well modulating retro-reflectors for free-space optical communications SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XV CY JAN 28, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE modulating retro-reflector; retromodulator; free space optical communication; quantum well modulator; cat's eye ID RETROREFLECTOR; LINK AB Modulating retro-reflectors (MRR) couple passive optical retro-reflectors with electro-optic modulators to allow free-space optical communication with a laser and pointing/acquisition/tracking system required on only one end,of the link. In operation a conventional free space optical communications terminal, the interrogator, is used on one end of the link to illuminate the MRR on the other end of the link with a cw beam. The MRR imposes a modulation on the interrogating beam and passively retro-reflects it back to the interrogator. These types of systems are attractive for asymmetric communication links for which one end of the link cannot afford the weight, power or expense of a conventional free-space optical communication terminal. Recently, MRR using multiple quantum well (MQW) modulators have been demonstrated using a large area MQW placed in front of the aperture of a corner-cube. For the MQW MRR, the maximum modulation can range into the gigahertz, limited only by the RC time constant of the device. This limitation. however, is a serious one. The optical aperture of an MRR cannot be too small or the amount of light retro-reflected will be insufficient to close the link. For typical comer-cube MQW MRR devices the modulator has a diameter between 0.5-1 cm and maximum modulation rates less than 10 Mbps. In this paper we describe a new kind of MQW MRR that uses a cat's eye retro-reflector with the MQW in the focal plane of the cat's eye. This system decouples the size of the modulator from the size of the optical aperture and allows much higher data rates. A 40 Mbps device has been demonstrated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rabinovich, WS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4775-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4975 BP 92 EP 102 DI 10.1117/12.478938 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BX33B UT WOS:000184963500011 ER PT B AU Pao, PS Lee, E Feng, CR Jones, HN Moon, DW AF Pao, PS Lee, E Feng, CR Jones, HN Moon, DW BE Jata, KV Mahoney, MW Mishra, RS Semiatin, SL Lienert, T TI Corrosion fatigue in FSW welded Al 2519 SO FRICTION STIR WELDING AND PROCESSING II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Friction Stir Welding and Processing II CY MAR 04-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Mat Proc & Mfg Div, Shaping & Forming Comm ID CRACK-GROWTH; FRICTION; MICROSTRUCTURE AB The corrosion-fatigue crack propagation and corrosion-fatigue resistance (S-N) lives of friction stir welded (FSW) welded Al 2519 in air and in salt water were investigated. TEM studies reveal the presence of very fine theta' in the base metal, the coarsening of theta' in the HAZ, and the dissolution of the theta' in the weld nugget. Microhardness mapping was obtained for FSW weldments to illustrate,the drop in hardness in both weld nugget and HAZ, and to help locate the HAZ positions. Fatigue crack growth rates in the weld and HAZ are significantly lower and fatigue crack growth thresholds significantly higher than those in the base metal. The better fatigue cracking resistance for cracks located in the FSW weld and HAZ may be attributed to the presence of compressive residual stresses at the crack tip. In air, FSW specimens exhibit shorter fatigue lives and lower fatigue thresholds than those of the base metal. In 3.5% NaCl solution, however, FSW and base metal specimens have similar fatigue lives and fatigue thresholds. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pao, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-536-0 PY 2003 BP 113 EP 122 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW62M UT WOS:000182610500012 ER PT B AU Fonda, RW Bingert, JF AF Fonda, RW Bingert, JF BE Jata, KV Mahoney, MW Mishra, RS Semiatin, SL Lienert, T TI Texture and microstructure development in the heat affected zone of friction stir welds SO FRICTION STIR WELDING AND PROCESSING II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Friction Stir Welding and Processing II CY MAR 04-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Mat Proc & Mfg Div, Shaping & Forming Comm ID ALUMINUM AB Friction stir welding produces severe thermomechanical transients that generate microstructure and crystallographic texture evolution throughout the weld-affected microstructure. In this study, a friction stir weld in a coarse-grained 2519 aluminum plate was investigated in order to resolve the influence of the thermal, deformation, and recrystallization effects on texture and microstructure development. Transmission electron microscopy and automated electron backscatter diffraction were used to spatially resolve variations in microstructure and crystallographic texture of a specific feature. In this initial study, the region examined was the oft band located between the heat affected zone and the thermo mechanically affected zone of a friction stir weld in 2519 aluminum. Analysis of regions spanning this soft band demonstrates that the overaging of precipitates was the predominant cause of softening at this location. The crystallographic texture across this soft band shows some variation due to rigid-body rotation, but does not exhibit a significant shear texture component. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6324, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-536-0 PY 2003 BP 191 EP 198 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW62M UT WOS:000182610500020 ER PT S AU Halilov, SV Fornari, M Singh, DJ AF Halilov, SV Fornari, M Singh, DJ BE Davies, PK Singh, DJ TI First principles investigation of novel ferroelectric perovskite alloys based on A-site substitution SO FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS OF FERROELECTRICS 2003 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fundamental Physics of Ferroelectrics 2003 Workshop CY FEB 02-05, 2003 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP USN, Off Res, Univ Penn AB We report first principles studies of the lattice instabilities of as yet unsynthesized perovskites based on alloys in the (Th,Pb,Ba,Bi,Y)ScO3 System. These systems are characterized by strong structural instabilies of the cubic perovskite lattice and A-site driven ferroelectricity. Tetragonal ferroelectric structures in these systems are found to show rather large values of the c/a ratio, which when present near a morphotropic phase boundary are thought to be associated with large piezoelectric actuation. The relationship between octahedral rotational and ferroelectric instabilities is discussed as are the conditions for obtaining a morphotropic phase boundary. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Halilov, SV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Fornari, Marco/C-8848-2012 OI Fornari, Marco/0000-0001-6527-8511 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0146-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 677 BP 124 EP 129 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BX39P UT WOS:000185145000015 ER PT B AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF GP ISIF TI Fuzzy logic resource manager: Evolving fuzzy decision tree structure that adapts in real-time SO FUSION 2003: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 08-11, 2003 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Informat Fus, CSSIP, Def Sci & Technol Org, USAF Off Res, British Aerosp, Univ Melbourne DE fuzzy logic; resource management; expert systems; genetic program; self-morphing; genetic algorithm AB A fuzzy logic algorithm has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack (EA) resources distributed over different platforms in real-time. The controller must be able to make decisions based on rules provided by experts. The fuzzy logic approach allows the direct incorporation of expertise. Genetic algorithm based optimization is conducted to determine the form of the membership functions for the fuzzy root concepts. The resource manager is made up of five parts, the isolated platform model, the multi-platform model, the fuzzy EA model, the fuzzy parameter selection free and the fuzzy strategy tree. Automatic determination of fuzzy decision tree topology using a genetic program, an algorithm that creates other algorithms is discussed. A comparison to trees obtained using a genetic program and those constructed by hand from rules is made. Experiments designed to test various concepts in the expert system are discussed, including its ability to: allow multiple platforms to self-organize. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC INFORMATION FUSION PI SUNNYVALE PA PO BOX 70188, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086 USA PY 2003 BP 838 EP + PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY76Z UT WOS:000189458800114 ER PT S AU Kowalski, MP Cruddace, RG Wood, KS Yentis, DJ Gursky, H Barbee, W Goldstein, WH Kordas, JF Fritz, GG Hunter, WR Barstow, MA Bannister, NP Culhane, JL Lapington, JS AF Kowalski, MP Cruddace, RG Wood, KS Yentis, DJ Gursky, H Barbee, W Goldstein, WH Kordas, JF Fritz, GG Hunter, WR Barstow, MA Bannister, NP Culhane, JL Lapington, JS BE Blades, JC Siegmund, OHW TI The astrophysical plasmadynamic explorer (APEX): A high resolution spectroscopic observatory SO FUTURE EUV/UV AND VISIBLE SPACE ASTROPHYSICS MISSIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future EUV/UV and Visible Space Astrophysics Missions and Instrumentation CY AUG 22-23, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE satellite instruments; spectrometers; diffraction gratings; multilayer coatings; extreme ultraviolet ID WAVELENGTH REGION; SOUNDING ROCKET; EFFICIENCY CALIBRATION; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; MULTILAYER; GRATINGS; RANGE; SPECTROMETER; G191-B2B AB EUVE and the ROSAT WFC have left a tremendous legacy in astrophysics at EUV wavelengths. More recently, Chandra and XMM-Newton have demonstrated at X-ray wavelengths the power of high-resolution astronomical spectroscopy, which allows the identification of weak emission lines, the measurement of Doppler shifts and line profiles, and the detection of narrow absorption features. This leads to a thorough understanding of the density, temperature, abundance, magnetic, and dynamic structure of astrophysical plasmas. However, the termination of the EUVE mission has left a gap in spectral coverage at crucial EUV wavelengths (similar to100-300 Angstrom), where hot (10(5)-10(8) K) plasmas radiate most strongly and produce critical spectral diagnostics. CHIPS will fill this hole only partially as it is optimized for diffuse emission and has only moderate resolution (Rsimilar to150). For discrete sources, we have successfully flown a follow-on instrument to the EUVE spectrometer (A(eff) similar to1 cm(2), R similar to400), the high-resolution spectrometer J-PEX (A(eff)similar to3 cm(2) Rsimilar to3000). Here we build on the JPEX prototype and present a strawman design for an orbiting spectroscopic observatory, APEX, a SMEX-class instrument containing a suite of 8 spectrometers that together achieve both high effective area (A(eff)>10 cm(2)) and high spectral resolution (Rsimilar to10,000) over the range 100-300 Angstrom. We also discu ss alternate configurations for shorter and longer wavelengths. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lapington, Jon/A-7669-2012 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4633-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4854 BP 640 EP 653 DI 10.1117/12.459808 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BW44Q UT WOS:000182019200065 ER PT S AU Gaskill, DK Glembocki, OJ Peres, B Henry, R Koleske, D Wickenden, A AF Gaskill, DK Glembocki, OJ Peres, B Henry, R Koleske, D Wickenden, A BE Wetzel, C Yu, ET Speck, JS Arakawa, Y TI Photoreflectance probing of below gap states in GaN/AlGaN high electron mobility transitor structures SO GAN AND RELATED ALLOYS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN and Related Alloys held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Optical Impedence Spectroscopy of GaN/AlGaN high electron mobility transistor structures (HEMTs) using photoreflectance exhibit a photoreflectance lags - the component of the modulated reflectance out of phase with the chopper - ranging from 0.1 to 0.5. Photoreflectance was performed using below gap pumping on various samples. Samples that do exhibit appreciable photoreflectance lag for above gap pumping show significantly enhanced photoreflectance signals for below gap pumping. Yet, samples that do not exhibit appreciable photoreflectance lag for above gap pumping do not exhibit a signal for below gap pumping. This implies that the photoreflectance phase lag is due to mid-gap trap states. At least 2 types of traps are found, above and below about 2.5 eV. This result means that that photoreflectance can be used as a probe of HEMT device quality. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gaskill, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-680-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 743 BP 249 EP 253 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BW93L UT WOS:000183700100040 ER PT S AU Glembocki, OJ Gaskill, DK Prokes, SM Pearton, SW AF Glembocki, OJ Gaskill, DK Prokes, SM Pearton, SW BE Wetzel, C Yu, ET Speck, JS Arakawa, Y TI Photoreflectance characterization and control of defects in GaN by etching with an inductively coupled plasma SO GAN AND RELATED ALLOYS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN and Related Alloys held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID GAAS-SURFACES AB Photoreflectance (PR) is used to detect and characterize the electronic effects etch-induced defects in GaN that is exposed to an Ar or Ar/Cl inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Because of the sensitivity of PR we can follow the formation of etch-induced defects as a function of ion energies and densities. We show that at low RF powers, below 100W, the surface improves in electronic quality, but as the power is increased beyond 20OW, etch-induced defects, are formed. The use of an Ar/Cl mixture plays a critical role in control of etch-induced defects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Glembocki, OJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6862, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-680-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 743 BP 273 EP 278 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BW93L UT WOS:000183700100044 ER PT S AU Eddy, CR Culbertson, JC Bassim, ND Twigg, ME Holm, RT Stahlbush, RE Henry, RL Neudeck, PG Trunek, AJ Powell, JA AF Eddy, CR Culbertson, JC Bassim, ND Twigg, ME Holm, RT Stahlbush, RE Henry, RL Neudeck, PG Trunek, AJ Powell, JA BE Ng, HM Wraback, M Hiramatsu, K Grandjean, N TI Growth evolution of gallium nitride films on stepped and step-free SiC surfaces SO GAN AND RELATED ALLOYS - 2003 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN and Related Alloys held at the MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA AB Silicon carbide (SiC) is rapidly becoming the substrate of choice for the development of high frequency and high power electronic devices employing the HI-V nitride family of materials. This heteroepitaxial growth system continues to receive considerable attention, as materials issues remain the fundamental limiters to device performance. The heteroepitaxial growth of gallium nitride (GaN) thin films on stepped and step-free 4H SiC surfaces is reported. Step-free SiC surfaces are created by mesa patterning of a SiC wafer and subsequent epitaxial growth in a process described previously. This process results in a collection of both step-free and stepped surfaces on a given sample. We have employed an established metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process to grow first a thin (1200Angstrom) aluminum nitride (AlN) nucleation layer and then a 2 mum. thick GaN thin film. We have interrupted growth at various stages of AlN and GaN growth to evaluate the growth evolution using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results show marked differences in the manner in which the initial AlN layer deposits. Nucleation is random with elongated grains on step-free SiC surfaces, while stepped surfaces have round nuclei of uniform dimensions and a high degree of spatial correlation with the nuclei arranged in rows. These differences diminish as the AlN layer approaches the desired thickness. Growth of the GaN epilayer is also markedly different on the two types of surfaces with step-free surfaces leading to random and low density nucleation of crystallites that remain as single grains for long growth times, whereas the stepped surfaces have large numbers nuclei that rapidly grow laterally. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals that grain sizes are 2-3X larger on step-free surfaces. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eddy, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-736-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 798 BP 323 EP 328 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAF49 UT WOS:000222017200051 ER PT J AU Helliwell, TM Konkowski, DA Arndt, V AF Helliwell, TM Konkowski, DA Arndt, V TI Quantum singularity in quasiregular spacetimes, as indicated by Klein-Gordon, Maxwell and Dirac fields SO GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION LA English DT Article DE quasiregular singularities; quantum singularities; dislocations; essentially self-adjoint ID COSMIC STRINGS; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; SPINNING STRINGS; FLAT SPACE; DISLOCATION; MECHANICS; GEODESICS; DEFECTS; TIMES; WAVES AB Klein-Gordon, Maxwell and Dirac fields are studied in quasiregular spacetimes, those space-times containing a classical quasiregular singularity, the mildest true classical singularity [G. F. R. Ellis and B. G. Schmidt, Gen. Rel. Grav. 8, 915 (1977)]. A class of static quasiregular spacetimes possessing disclinations and dislocations [R. A. Puntigam and H. H. Soleng, Class. Quantum Grav. 14, 1129 (1997)] is shown to have field operators which are not essentially self-adjoint. This class of spacetimes includes an idealized cosmic string, i.e. a four-dimensional spacetime with a conical singularity [L. H. Ford and A. Vilenkin, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 14, 2353 (1981)] and a Gal'tsov/ Letelier/Tod spacetime featuring a screw dislocation [K. P. Tod, Class. Quantum Grav. 11, 1331 (1994); D. V. Gal'tsov and P. S. Letelier, Phys. Rev. D 47, 4273 (1993)]. The definition of G. T. Horowitz and D. Marolf [Phys. Rev. D52, 5670, (1995)] for a quantum- mechanically singular spacetime is one in which the spatial-derivative operator in the Klein-Gordon equation for a massive scalar field is not essentially self-adjoint. The definition is extended here, in the case of quasiregular spacetimes, to include Maxwell and Dirac fields. It is shown that the class of static quasiregular spacetimes under consideration is quantum- mechanically singular independent of the type of field. C1 Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Phys, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Helliwell, TM (reprint author), Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Phys, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. NR 46 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0001-7701 J9 GEN RELAT GRAVIT JI Gen. Relativ. Gravit. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 35 IS 1 BP 79 EP 96 DI 10.1023/A:1021307012363 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 621GQ UT WOS:000179580500008 ER PT S AU Yilmaz, AS McQuay, BN Yu, H Wu, AS Sciortino, JC AF Yilmaz, AS McQuay, BN Yu, H Wu, AS Sciortino, JC BE CantuPaz, E Foster, JA Deb, K Davis, LD Roy, R OReilly, UM Beyer, HG Standish, R Kendall, G Wilson, S Hartman, M Wegener, J Dasgupta, D Potter, MA Schultz, AC Dowsland, KA Jonoska, N Miller, J TI Evolving sensor suites for enemy radar detection SO GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION - GECCO 2003, PT II, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2003) CY JUL 12-16, 2003 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence, Evonet, 5th NASA DoD Workshop Evolvable Hardware AB Designing optimal teams of sensors to detect the enemy radars for military operations is a challenging design problem. Many applications require the need to manage sensor resources. There is a tradeoff between the need to decrease the cost and to increase the capabilities of a sensor suite. In this paper, we address this design problem using genetic algorithms. We attempt to evolve the characteristics, size, and arrangement of a team of sensors, focusing on minimizing the size of sensor suite while maximizing its detection capabilities. The genetic algorithm we have developed has produced promising results for different; environmental configurations as well as varying sensor resources. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yilmaz, AS (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40603-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2724 BP 2384 EP 2395 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX36T UT WOS:000185074300130 ER PT S AU Shaw, PC Gover, RE AF Shaw, PC Gover, RE BE Fuast, NL Roper, WE TI Efficient radiometrically accurate synthetic representation of IR scenes SO GEO-SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL IMAGE AND DATA EXPLOITATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geo-Spatial and Temporal Image and Data Exploitation III CY APR 21-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared scene representation; IR scene modeling; NTCS/ShipIR; anti-ship cruise missile AB A technique is developed for synthesizing a high spectral resolution IR ship signature image, for use in an imaging IR Anti-Ship Cruise Missile (ASCM) model, from an IR scene database provided by the ship signature model NTCS/ShipIR. This synthesized IR ship image is generated for use over ranges representative of an ASCM engagement. The technique presented focuses on the application of in-band averaged transmittance to the source ship signature as a means of reducing the spectral calculations required by the cruise missile model. In order to achieve this reduction in computation, while preserving the fidelity of the apparent ship signature, the idea of subbanding is introduced. Sub-banding describes the manner in which the IR band is partitioned into smaller bandwidths, such that the error produced in the ship's average contrast radiance due to the use of in-band averaged transmittance is minimized over range. The difference between the average contrast radiance of an IR ship image generated using in-band averaging and the average contrast radiance of a spectrally generated IR ship image is the metric for this minimization. This choice is based on measured data collected from the recent NATO SIMVEX trial, which used high quality IR measurements of the CFAV Quest in an effort to refine the NTCS/ShipIR model. The technique is general and applicable to any band(s) of interest. Results are presented which verify that the use of in-band averaged transmittance over an IR band (3.5-5.0 mum), partitioned using three optimal sub-bands, produces an IR ship image with an average contrast radiance within the desired error bar of a spectrally generated ship image's average contrast radiance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaw, PC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5753,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4957-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5097 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1117/12.498025 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX48K UT WOS:000185395500002 ER PT S AU Jarvis, DE Gover, RE AF Jarvis, DE Gover, RE BE Fuast, NL Roper, WE TI Imaging radiometer overlay model for infrared scene synthesis SO GEO-SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL IMAGE AND DATA EXPLOITATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geo-Spatial and Temporal Image and Data Exploitation III CY APR 21-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE overlay model; infrared scene synthesis; high fidelity signatures AB A dynamic model of infrared missile engagements needs to integrate the output of signature models into a scene of given resolution with a changing viewpoint and moving targets against some background. Some signature prediction models are stand-alone software packages which currently cannot be dynamically interfaced to a running engagement model. They can be used to conveniently provide an image of an infrared target at high resolution at a single viewpoint. Using an imaging radiometer model, high-resolution, high-fidelity signatures can be quickly combined into a scene of desired configuration. This paper presents the derivation of such a model from physical and signal processing considerations, and its practical implementation. The derived methodology provides very high radiometric accuracy with a rigorously controlled error and smooth integration of objects moving through the scene. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jarvis, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4957-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5097 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1117/12.498026 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX48K UT WOS:000185395500003 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Molina, J Llave, E Somoza, L Fernandez-Puga, MC Maestro, A Leon, R Medialdea, T Barnolas, A Garcia, M del Rio, VD Fernandez-Salas, LM Vazquez, JT Lobo, F Dias, JMA Rodero, J Gardner, J AF Hernandez-Molina, J Llave, E Somoza, L Fernandez-Puga, MC Maestro, A Leon, R Medialdea, T Barnolas, A Garcia, M del Rio, VD Fernandez-Salas, LM Vazquez, JT Lobo, F Dias, JMA Rodero, J Gardner, J TI Looking for clues to paleoceanographic imprints: A diagnosis of the Gulf of Cadiz contourite depositional systems SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contourite depositional system; middle slope; drifts; channels; diapirs; Gulf of Cadiz AB A new morphosedimentary map of the Gulf of Cadiz is presented, showing the contourite depositional system on the gulf's middle slope. This map is constructed from a broad database provided by the Spanish Research Council and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. Our map shows that this contourite depositional system comprises five morphosedimentary sectors: (1) proximal scour and sand ribbons; (2) overflow sedimentary lobe; (3) channels and ridges; (4) contourite deposition; and (5) submarine canyons. The Gulf of Cadiz contourite depositional system stems directly from the interaction between Mediterranean Outflow Water and the seafloor; its morphosedimentary sectors are clearly related to the systematic deceleration of the Mediterranean Outflow Waters westward branches, bathymetric stress on the margin, and the Coriolis force. The slope's depositional system can be considered as a mixed contourite and turbidite system, i.e., a detached combined drift and fan. C1 Univ Vigo, Fac Ciencias Mar, Vigo 36200, Spain. Inst Geol & Minero Espana, Madrid 28003, Spain. Inst Espanol Oceanog, Fuengirola 29640, Spain. Univ Cadiz, Fac Ciencias Mar, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain. CIACOMAR, P-8700311 Olhao, Portugal. Inst Andaluz Ciencias Tierra, Fac Ciencias, Granada 18002, Spain. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20081 USA. RP Hernandez-Molina, J (reprint author), Univ Vigo, Fac Ciencias Mar, Vigo 36200, Spain. RI Medialdea, Teresa/G-2647-2015; Leon, Ricardo/G-8314-2015; Llave, Estefania/H-2232-2015; Garcia, Marga/L-7410-2014; Lobo, Francisco Jose/J-9836-2012; Somoza, Luis/C-1400-2010; Fernandez-Salas, Luis Miguel/F-3261-2011; Vazquez, Juan-Tomas/L-7796-2014 OI Fernandez Puga, Maria del Carmen/0000-0002-3114-2058; Medialdea, Teresa/0000-0002-7969-5751; Leon, Ricardo/0000-0001-5598-0710; Llave, Estefania/0000-0001-7873-7211; Garcia, Marga/0000-0003-2632-6132; Dias, Joao/0000-0002-6271-6501; Lobo, Francisco Jose/0000-0002-3294-7202; Somoza, Luis/0000-0001-5451-2288; Fernandez-Salas, Luis Miguel/0000-0001-9689-0084; Vazquez, Juan-Tomas/0000-0002-3747-4838 NR 10 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 19 EP 22 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0019:LFCTPI>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 632UH UT WOS:000180241200005 ER PT S AU Schmidt, GS House, DH AF Schmidt, GS House, DH BE Camurri, A Volpe, G TI Model-based motion filtering for improving arm gesture recognition performance SO GESTURE-BASED COMMUNICATION IN HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Gesture-Based Communication in Human-Computer Interaction CY APR 15-17, 2003 CL Genova, ITALY SP Univ Genoa, InfoMus Lab AB We describe a model-based motion filtering process that, when applied to human arm motion data, leads to improved arm gesture recognition. Arm movements can be viewed as responses to muscle actuations that are guided by responses of the nervous system. Our motion filtering method makes strides towards capturing this structure by integrating a dynamic model with a control system for the arm. We hypothesize that embedding human performance knowledge into the processing of arm movements will lead to better recognition performance. We present details for the design of our filter, our evaluation of the filter from both expert-user and multiple-user pilot studies. Our results show that the filter has a positive impact on recognition performance for arm gestures. C1 USN, Res Lab, ITT Ind, Virtual Real Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Architecture, Visualizat Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Schmidt, GS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ITT Ind, Virtual Real Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schmidt@ait.nrl.navy.mil; house@viz.tamu.edu NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-21072-5 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2003 VL 2915 BP 210 EP 230 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY73W UT WOS:000189451300020 ER PT J AU Michael, TS Traves, WN AF Michael, TS Traves, WN TI Independence sequences of well-covered graphs: Non-unimodality and the roller-coaster conjecture SO GRAPHS AND COMBINATORICS LA English DT Article ID POLYNOMIALS AB A graph G is well-covered provided each maximal independent set of vertices has the same cardinality. The term S-k of the independence sequence (s(0), s(1),..., s(alpha)) equals the number of independent k-sets of vertices of G. We investigate constraints on the linear orderings of the terms of the independence sequence of well-covered graphs. In particular, we provide a counterexample to the recent unimodality conjecture of Brown, Dilcher, and Nowakowski. We formulate the Roller-Coaster Conjecture to describe the possible linear orderings of terms of the independence sequence. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Michael, TS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 0911-0119 J9 GRAPH COMBINATOR JI Graphs Comb. PY 2003 VL 19 IS 3 BP 403 EP 411 DI 10.1007/s00373-002-0515-7 PG 9 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 727GD UT WOS:000185649500012 ER PT J AU Fox, DM Awad, WH Gilman, JW Maupin, PH De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Fox, DM Awad, WH Gilman, JW Maupin, PH De Long, HC Trulove, PC TI Flammability, thermal stability, and phase change characteristics of several trialkylimidazolium salts SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IONIC LIQUIDS AB Room temperature ionic liquids ( RTILs) have emerged as tunable and potentially " greener" solvents for a multitude of applications. To investigate the solvent properties and potential use as a thermal fluid, a study was initiated to determine the effects of anion type, C- 2 hydrogen substitution, and alkyl chain length on the flammability, thermal stability, and phase change characteristics of 1,2,3- trialkylimidazolium room temperature ionic liquids. A Setaflash flashpoint apparatus was used to determine the flammabilities of the RTILs. No flashpoints were detected for any of the imidazolium based RTILs below 200 degrees C, the maximum temperature of the instrument. The thermal stabilities of the RTILs were measured using the technique of thermogravimetric analysis. The 1,2,3- trialkylimidazolium compounds exhibit slightly higher thermal stabilities than the comparable 1,3- dialkylimidazolium compounds; RTILs with nucleophilic anions decompose about 150 degrees C lower than RTILs with bulky fluoride containing anions; the alkyl chain length does not have a large effect on the thermal stability of the RTILs; and the pyrolysis decomposition exhibits higher thermal stabilities via a different mechanism than the oxidative decomposition. In addition, it was found that although the calculated onset temperatures were above 350 degrees C, significant decomposition does occur 100 degrees C or more below these temperatures. The phase change behaviors of several imidazolium based RTILs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. The melting points of the RTILs increased with increasing alkyl chain length. Most of the salts studied exhibited significant undercooling, which decreased as the length of the alkyl chain was increased. The hexafluorophosphate and bromide RTILs exhibited polymorphic and liquid crystalline behaviors as the alkyl chain length was increased above C10. The clearing point temperatures increased more rapidly with alkyl chain length than the melting point temperatures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US DOE, Off Basic Energy Sci, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Fox, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 143 Z9 145 U1 1 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 6 BP 724 EP 727 DI 10.1039/b308444b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 750BD UT WOS:000186970700012 ER PT B AU Coffin, RB Montgomery, MT Boyd, TJ Masutani, SM AF Coffin, RB Montgomery, MT Boyd, TJ Masutani, SM BE Gale, J Kaya, Y TI Influence of ocean CO2 sequestration on bacterial elemental cycling SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY OCT 01-04, 2002 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP IEA Greenhouse Gas Programme, RITE, JSER ID PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; YIELD AB Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a major greenhouse gas. Increasing atmospheric concentrations are believed to be responsible for a gradual warming of the Earth. International research teams are working on a variety of strategies to sequester CO2, one effort involves the deep ocean. An international collaboration to conduct a field experiment on CO2 ocean sequestration was initiated in December 1997. The goal of this project is to evaluate the feasibility of transporting and containing anthropogenic CO2 in the deep ocean. The collaboration is being implemented by a research team comprising engineers and scientists from five nations: Japan, the U.S., Norway, Canada, and Australia. This paper focuses on studies being conducted as part of the field experiment assessing the influence of decreased pH from CO2 dissolution on bacterial production in the ocean. A preliminary analysis of the variation in bacterial production under different values of pH and temperature, conducted in July 1999, indicated that there was no measurable effect on the microbial population in the first 24 hrs of the experiment. However, there was a rapid decline in bacterial production with decreases in pH over a 96 hour incubation period. In addition, the impact of reduced pH was more pronounced when the bacteria were grown at warmer temperatures, i.e., with a more rapid production rate. Subsequent experiments were conducted in June 2000 using pressure chambers to determine the effect of depressurization on bacterial production. For this effort, seawater samples were collected from a 600m deep pipeline off the Kona Coast of the island of Hawaii. Water was placed in a pressure chamber and allowed to stabilize for 48 firs at the ambient pressure and temperature for 600 m deep in the water column of the sample region. After 48 hours, the water was depressurized and acidified with CO2 to pH values of 6.95 and 5.6. The acidified water and an unamended sample were incubated at 5degrees, 10degrees and 15degreesC for 96 hours and sampled every 24 hours. Similar impacts to those observed previously on the bacterial production were noted. The overall result was that longer incubation times and warmer temperatures reduced bacterial production. This observation is beneficial to develop an understanding of the long term effects Of CO2 releases on basic elemental cycles that support aquatic food chains. Future work needs to investigate long term variation in the bacterial community, the impact on nutrient recycling, and the population growth efficiency. C1 USN, Res Lab, Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coffin, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Biogeochem Sect, Code 6114, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044276-5 PY 2003 BP 805 EP 810 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX41P UT WOS:000185208000126 ER PT S AU Romano, M Agrawal, BN AF Romano, M Agrawal, BN BE Gravseth, IJ Culp, RD TI Use of variable speed control moment gyros for a fine pointing dual line-of-sight spacecraft SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2003 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 05-09, 2003 CL BRECKENRIDGE, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB This article introduces the researches on course at the Spacecraft Research and Design Center on the dynamics and control of a dual line-of-sight spacecraft for relay of optical signals. This proposed spacecraft, called Bifocal Relay Mirror, consists of two large telescopes, that are optically and mechanically coupled. A new analytical model of the dynamics of the Bifocal Relay Mirror spacecraft with four Variable Speed single gimbal Control Moment Gyros in a pyramid configuration has been developed. Moreover, a new complex Three Axes Simulator test-bed, with the same set of actuators as the analytical model, has been designed and is now in the development/integration phase. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Spacecraft Res & Design Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Romano, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Spacecraft Res & Design Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-502-4 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 113 BP 377 EP 382 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BX37D UT WOS:000185077600026 ER PT B AU Fodrea, LR Healey, AJ AF Fodrea, LR Healey, AJ BE Roberts, G Sutton, R Allen, R TI Obstacle avoidance control for the remus autonomous underwater vehicle SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL OF UNDERWATER VEHICLES 2003 SE IFAC WORKSHOP SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IFAC Workshop on Guidance and Control of Underwater Vehicles CY APR 09-11, 2003 CL Univ Wales Coll, Caerleon Campus, Newport, WALES SP Int Federat Automat Control, TC Marine Syst, TC Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles, Soc Underwater Technol, Seaeye Marine Ltd, Welsh Dev Agcy, Inst Marine Engn, Sci & Tehcnol, S Wales Branch, USN Off Naval Res, Int Field Off, Mechatron Res Ctr HO Univ Wales Coll, Caerleon Campus DE robotics; underwater; obstacle avoidance; control AB Future Naval operations necessitate the incorporation of autonomous underwater vehicles into a collaborative network. In future complex missions, a forward look capability will also be required to map and avoid obstacles such as sunken ships. This work examines obstacle avoidance behaviors using a hypothetical forward-looking sonar for the autonomous underwater vehicle REMUS. Hydrodynamic coefficients are used to develop steering equations that model REMUS through a track of specified points similar to a real-world mission track. A two-dimensional forward-looking sonar model with a 120degrees horizontal scan and a 110 meter radial range is modeled for obstacle detection. Sonar mappings from geographic range-bearing coordinates are developed for implementation in MATLAB Simulations. The product of bearing and range weighting functions form the gain factor for a dynamic obstacle avoidance behavior. The overall vehicle heading error incorporates this obstacle avoidance term to develop a path around detected objects. REMUS is a highly responsive vehicle in the model and is capable of avoiding multiple objects in proximity along its track path. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fodrea, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044202-1 J9 IFAC WORK S PY 2003 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BY85Y UT WOS:000189480300017 ER PT S AU Mahnken, TG AF Mahnken, TG BE Bacewich, AJ Inbar, E TI A squandered opportunity? The decision to end the Gulf War SO GULF WAR OF 1991 RECONSIDERED SE BESA STUDIES IN INTERNATIONAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Reassessing the Gulf War CY FEB, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP McCormick Tribune Fdn ID STRATEGY C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FRANK CASS AND CO LTD PI LONDON PA NEWBURY HOUSE, 900 EASTERN AVE, LONDON IG2 7HH, ENGLAND SN 1368-9541 BN 0-7146-5372-1 J9 BESA STUD INT SECUR PY 2003 BP 121 EP 148 PG 28 WC History SC History GA BX83R UT WOS:000186620000006 ER PT J AU Linders, JTM Mirsadeghi, S Flippen-Anderson, JL George, C Jacobson, AE Rice, KC AF Linders, JTM Mirsadeghi, S Flippen-Anderson, JL George, C Jacobson, AE Rice, KC TI Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena - Synthesis of rac-(3R,6aS,11aR)-1,3,4,5,6,11a-hexahydro-2-methyl-2H-3,6a-methanobenzof uro[2,3-c]azocin-8-ol, an epoxy isomer of 5-phenylmorphan SO HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ANTAGONISTS; PARKINSONISM AB The synthesis of a series of epoxy 5-phenylmorphans is being explored in order to determine the conformational requirements of the phenolic ring in a phenylmorphan Molecule that may be needed both for binding to a specific opioid receptor and for exhibiting opioid agonist or antagonist activity. Of the twelve possible ortho- and para-bridged isomers (a-f) (Fig. 1). we now report the synthesis of the para-d isomer, rac-(3R,6aS,11aR)-2-methyl-1,3,4,5,6,11 a-hexahydro-2H-3,6a-methanobenzofuro[2,3-c]azocin-8-ol (3). Compound 3 was synthesized via construction of the 5-phenylazabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-ene skeleton (Scheme 1) and subsequent closure of the epoxy bridge (Scheme 2). As determined by an X-ray diffraction study, the epoxy bridge, restricting the phenyl-ring rotation, fixed the dihedral angle between the least-squares planes through the phenyl ring and atoms N(2), C(3), C(11a), and C(6a) of the piperidine ring (Fig. 2) at 43.0degrees, and the torsion angle C(12)-C(6a)-C(6b)-C(10a) at -95.0degrees. C1 NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Bldg 8,Room B1-23, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kr21f@nih.gov NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0018-019X J9 HELV CHIM ACTA JI Helv. Chim. Acta PY 2003 VL 86 IS 2 BP 484 EP 493 DI 10.1002/hlca.200390048 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 655UP UT WOS:000181571300023 ER PT J AU Zhu, XX Yu, QS Greig, NH Flippen-Anderson, JL Brossi, A AF Zhu, XX Yu, QS Greig, NH Flippen-Anderson, JL Brossi, A TI A simple one-pot synthesis of benzoxazine-2,4-diones and benzothiazine-2,4-diones SO HETEROCYCLES LA English DT Article ID HYDROXY-ACIDS; DERIVATIVES; EFFICIENT AB A simple and efficient procedure has been developed for a one-pot synthesis of substituted benzoxazine-2,4-diones and benzothiazine-2,4-diones directly from salicylic acid (or thiosalicylic acid) and amines. C1 Natl Inst Aging Intramural Program, Drug Design & Dev Sect, Lab Neurosci, Gerontol Res Ctr 4E02,NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Greig, NH (reprint author), Toyama Womens Coll, 444 Gankaiji, Toyama, Japan. EM greign@vax.grc.nia.nih.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0385-5414 J9 HETEROCYCLES JI Heterocycles PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 59 IS 1 BP 115 EP 128 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 634GJ UT WOS:000180331400016 ER PT S AU Levush, B AF Levush, B BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI 3D design tools for vacuum electron devices SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 22-26, 2003 CL BERKELEY SPRINGS, WV SP Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect, Naval Res Lab, US DOE C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0164-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 691 BP 123 EP 124 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BY28N UT WOS:000188784000016 ER PT S AU Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Gai, W Konecny, R Jing, CG Liu, WM Power, JG Yusof, ZM AF Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Gai, W Konecny, R Jing, CG Liu, WM Power, JG Yusof, ZM BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI High-power tests of x-band dielectric-loaded accelerating structures SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 22-26, 2003 CL BERKELEY SPRINGS, WV SP Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect, Naval Res Lab, US DOE ID MULTIPACTOR AB Dielectric-loaded accelerating structures offer the potential of a simple, inexpensive alternative to copper disk-loaded structures for use in high-gradient rf linear accelerators. However, a variety of potential problems must be studied in order to demonstrate this potential, including rf breakdown, joule heating, and gas desorption. A joint Argonne National Laboratory - Naval Research Laboratory program is under way to investigate these issues, using high-power 11.424-GHz radiation from the NRL Magnicon Facility. Recent tests using a copper accelerating tube with an alumina liner have shown no evidence of rf breakdown at up to 5 MW drive power (equivalent to 8 MV/m accelerating gradient). However, substantial absorption of the incident microwave radiation was observed, accompanied by visible light emission from the dielectric surface, indicating the presence of electron multipactor in the tube. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gold, SH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0164-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 691 BP 282 EP 290 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BY28N UT WOS:000188784000034 ER PT S AU Danly, BG Cheung, WJ Gregers-Hansen, V Linde, G Ngo, M AF Danly, BG Cheung, WJ Gregers-Hansen, V Linde, G Ngo, M BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Gyroklystron-powered WARLOC radar SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 22-26, 2003 CL BERKELEY SPRINGS, WV SP Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect, Naval Res Lab, US DOE C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0164-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 691 BP 328 EP 328 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BY28N UT WOS:000188784000042 ER PT S AU Fliflet, AW Manheimer, WM Germain, KS Linde, G Cheung, WJ Gregers-Hansen, V Dany, BG Ngo, MT AF Fliflet, AW Manheimer, WM Germain, KS Linde, G Cheung, WJ Gregers-Hansen, V Dany, BG Ngo, MT BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Cloud imaging using the NRL WARLOC radar SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 22-26, 2003 CL BERKELEY SPRINGS, WV SP Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect, Naval Res Lab, US DOE ID GYROKLYSTRON AMPLIFIER; GYROTRON AB The Naval Research Laboratory has recently developed a 3-10 kW average, 80 kW peak power 94 GHz radar with scanning capability, WARLOC. This radar is powered by a gyroklystron developed by a team led by NRL. One application has been to image clouds. New capabilities of WARLOC include imaging with greatly improved sensitivity and detail as well as the ability to detect much lower strength cloud returns. Here we show how pulse averaging enhances the sensitivity of WARLOC. Since the available power is so high, it can be used in moderate rain to both measure the rainfall rate and to image the cloud above the rain. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fliflet, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0164-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 691 BP 329 EP 338 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BY28N UT WOS:000188784000043 ER PT B AU Talmy, IG Zaykoski, JA AF Talmy, IG Zaykoski, JA BE Opila, E Hou, P Maruyama, T Pieaggi, B Shifler, D Wuchina, E TI Oxidation resistance of Si3N4 ceramics modified with boron and transition metal diborides SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY IV SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry held at the 203rd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY APR 30-MAY 02, 2003 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc ID SILICON-NITRIDE; BEHAVIOR; DENSE AB Silicon nitride ceramics are one of the most promising materials for high-temperature structural applications in oxidizing environments. However, the use of Si3N4 ceramics at very high temperatures is limited by oxidation and reactions with combustion atmosphere. The effect of transition-metal diborides (CrB2, TaB2, and ZrB2), oxides (Cr2O3, Ta2O5, and ZrO2), and BN was studied on the oxidation behavior and microstructure of the oxidized layer Of Si3N4 ceramics containing 5 wt. % Y2O3 and 2 wt. % Al2O3 as sintering aids. The ceramics were hot-pressed at 1825degreesC and 20 MPa in He for 1 hour. The oxidation behavior of the ceramics was characterized after furnace heating at 1200 - 1600degreesC in air as a function of the composition and structure of oxidized surface layer. The presence of Ta and Zr compounds, as well as BN did not improve the oxidation resistance of the baseline composition. Only the introduction of CrB2 or Cr2O3 led to an increase in the oxidation resistance of Si3N4 ceramics up to 1550degreesC. The oxidized baseline Si3N4 ceramics exhibited phase separation in the surface glass with the formation of yttria-rich matrix phase and silica-rich droplets. The presence of Cr2O3 catalyzed in-situ crystallization of Y(2)O(3)(.)2SiO(2) in the surface glass. The high concentration of Y(2)O(3)(.)2SiO(2) crystals on the surface of ceramics during material exposure to oxidizing atmosphere provided effective oxidation protection. The highest oxidation resistance was shown by the ceramics containing less than 5 vol. % CrB2. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Talmy, IG (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-399-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 VL 2003 IS 16 BP 361 EP 376 PG 16 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAI93 UT WOS:000222476400033 ER PT S AU Wuchina, EJ Opeka, MM AF Wuchina, EJ Opeka, MM BE Opila, E Hou, P Maruyama, T Pieaggi, B Shifler, D Wuchina, E TI Processing and microstructural characterization of materials in the Hf-N-B system SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY IV SE Electrochemical Society Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry held at the 203rd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY APR 30-MAY 02, 2003 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc AB Single- and multi-phase Hf-N-B materials were prepared by solid-state reaction using combinations of HfH2, HfN, B, and BN as starting materials. Hot pressing conditions and reactant concentrations were varied to produce ceramics with differing proportions of HfB2, HfN, and alpha-Hf. X-ray diffractometry was used to analyze phase composition, while scanning electron microscopy was employed to identify microstructure and phase morphology in polished cross sections and fracture surfaces. SEM characterization reveals acicular HfB2 grains, and that the HfB2 morphology was strongly dependent on the composition of matrix phase. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 0275-0171 BN 1-56677-399-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 VL 2003 IS 16 BP 408 EP 419 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAI93 UT WOS:000222476400037 ER PT S AU McEachen, JC AF McEachen, JC BE Luijten, RP DaSilva, L Park, EK TI Analysis of self-similarity in an Internet-based multiplayer online game SO ICCCN 2003: 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN 2003) CY OCT 20-22, 2003 CL DALLAS, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, IBM, NOKIA, Univ Texas Dallas DE massively multiplayer online games (MMOG); self-similarity; statistical analysis AB An analysis of self-similarity in traffic generated by the popular Internet-based online game engine, Unreal Engine, is presented. Client-side packet traces are collected and analyzed for both client and server traffic. Initial analysis of over two million packets indicates client generated traffic shows strong long-range dependence of a self-similar nature primarily due to packet interarrival times associated with user actions. On the contrary, server generated traffic seen at the client, while still exhibiting a heavy tail, is more short-range dependent in regions where self-similarity is observed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP McEachen, JC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-2055 BN 0-7803-7945-4 J9 IEEE IC COMP COM NET PY 2003 BP 211 EP 214 DI 10.1109/ICCCN.2003.1284172 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BX89L UT WOS:000186758300030 ER PT B AU Judd, JD McEachen, JC AF Judd, JD McEachen, JC GP ieee TI An architecture for network stream splitting in support of intrusion detection SO ICICS-PCM 2003, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the 4th International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing/4th Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia (ICICS-PCM 2003) CY DEC 15-18, 2003 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Nanyang Technol Univ, IEEE Singapore Commun Chapter, IEEE Singapore Signal Proc Chapter, Microsoft Res Asia, Microsoft, Singapore Exhibit & Convent Bur AB We describe a system where fuzzy reasoning is used to selectively reduce the amount of traffic sent to an intrusion detection system (IDS) while simultaneously both reducing the number of false alarms generated by the IDS and maintaining the ability of the IDS to accurately recognize network attacks. Specifically, we apply a type of filtering we term "IDS stream splitting," which consists of classifying each packet as either trusted or un-trusted when it is encountered between the sniffer and the IDS (within the firewall). This classification allows for fewer packets to be sent to an IDS devoted to examining un-trusted traffic. The logic of the sputter looks at each packet as part of a connection and give it a trust ranking from [0..1] using a fuzzy logic model. Initial results indicate that this approach can significantly reduce false alarm rates while increasing system up time. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Judd, JD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8185-8 PY 2003 BP 1717 EP 1721 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BAF63 UT WOS:000222026600353 ER PT B AU McEachen, JC AF McEachen, JC GP ieee TI Traffic analysis of Internet-based multiplayer online games from a client perspective SO ICICS-PCM 2003, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the 4th International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing/4th Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia (ICICS-PCM 2003) CY DEC 15-18, 2003 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Nanyang Technol Univ, IEEE Singapore Commun Chapter, IEEE Singapore Signal Proc Chapter, Microsoft Res Asia, Microsoft, Singapore Exhibit & Convent Bur DE massively multiplayer online games (MMOG); self-similarity; statistical analysis AB An analysis of self-similarity in traffic generated by the popular Internet-based online game engine, Unreal Engine, is presented. Client-side packet traces are collected and analyzed for both client and server traffic. Initial analysis of over two million packets indicates client generated traffic shows strong long-range dependence of a self-similar nature primarily due to packet interarrival times associated with user actions. On the contrary, server generated traffic seen at the client, while still exhibiting a heavy tail, is more short-range dependent in regions where self-similarity is observed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP McEachen, JC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8185-8 PY 2003 BP 1722 EP 1726 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BAF63 UT WOS:000222026600354 ER PT B AU Judd, JD McEachen, JC Michael, JB Ettlich, DW AF Judd, JD McEachen, JC Michael, JB Ettlich, DW GP IEEE TI Network stream splitting for intrusion detection SO ICON 2003: 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON) CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE Singapore, Univ New S Wales, IEEE, IEEE NSW, Cisco Syst, Univ Sydney, Smart Internet Technol CRC, Univ Technol Sydney, IICT AB One of the most significant challenges with modern intrusion detection systems is the high rate of false positives they generate. In order to lower this rate, we propose to reduce the amount of traffic sent to the intrusion detection system via a filtering process termed stream splitting. Each packet arriving at the system is treated as belonging to a connection, with each connection assigned to a network stream. A network stream is sent to an analysis engine tailored specifically for that type of packet data. To demonstrate a stream-splitting capability, both an extendable multi-threaded architecture and prototype were developed. Results from testing the prototype demonstrate its ability to capture traffic with a low rate of packet loss at network speeds up to 20 Mbps, and that the stream splitter correctly implements the traffic separation scheme specified for use in the tests. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Judd, JD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jdjudd@nps.navy.mil; mceachen@nps.navy.mil; bmichael@nps.navy.mil; dwettlic@nps.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7788-5 PY 2003 BP 525 EP 530 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BY57K UT WOS:000189411800087 ER PT B AU Needham, DM McMahon, MM Datko, JB AF Needham, DM McMahon, MM Datko, JB BE Zhuang, W Yeh, CH Deoegehorn, O Toh, CK Arabnia, HR TI Ad hoc network authentication: A Jini-based approach SO ICWN'03: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Wireless Networks CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP CSREA Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE ad hoc security; mobile network security; mobile ad hoc networks AB Ad hoc networks implemented with Jini technology permit users to enter a network, and become clients of services, without apriori knowledge of the network or its services. Although traditional Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) approaches to authentication are generally static, we employ PKI in a manner consistent with the dynamic nature of ad hoc networks. This paper presents an algorithm that provides a foundation for secure, ad hoc joins in a distributed, mobile, wireless network. Our approach incorporates the use of a dynamic PKI within a Jini-based architecture. We discuss a Java-based implementation of a certification authority hierarchy that supports our authentication process. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Needham, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-03-3 PY 2003 BP 549 EP 553 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BX84C UT WOS:000186624400083 ER PT S AU Gibson, JD AF Gibson, JD GP IEEE TI Performance effects of optimal LQG eigenvalue placement in ship control SO IECON'03: THE 29TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1 - 3, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Industrial Electronics Society LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial-Electronics-Society CY NOV 02-06, 2003 CL Roanoke, VA SP IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Virginia Tech, Ctr Rapid Transit Syst DE multivariable control; eigenvalue assignment ID STATE-FEEDBACK; POLE ASSIGNMENT; DESIGN; SYSTEMS; MATRIX AB The eigenvalues of a linear time-invariant system may be optimally placed by using performance criterion modification in the optimal controller design. This is approach is applied to the design of a linear quadratic Gaussian controller for a submarine. The results are compared to a linear quadratic Gaussian controller designed by standard loop-shaping methods in the state estimator design and using a linear quadratic regulator to perform loop transfer recovery. Improvements in performance can be obtained after applying loop transfer recovery by assigning the eigenvalues of the optimal state feedback system to desired locations. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Gibson, JD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 5600,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM gibsonjd@nswccd.navy.mil NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1553-572X BN 0-7803-7906-3 J9 IEEE IND ELEC PY 2003 BP 268 EP 278 DI 10.1109/IECON.2003.1279991 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BY79S UT WOS:000189465300047 ER PT B AU Archer, M Leonard, E Pradella, M AF Archer, M Leonard, E Pradella, M GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Analyzing security-enhanced Linux policy specifications SO IEEE 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON POLICIES FOR DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks CY JUN 04-06, 2003 CL LAKE COMO, ITALY SP IEEE Comp Soc AB NSA's Security-Enhanced (SE) Linux enhances Linux by providing a specification language for security policies and a Flask-like architecture with, a security server for enforcing policies defined in the language. It is natural for users to expect to be able to analyze the properties of a policy from its specification in the policy language. But this language is very low level, making the high level properties of a policy difficult to deduce by inspection. For this reason, tools to help users with the analysis are necessary. The NRL project on analyzing SE Linux policies aims first to use mechanized support to analyze an example policy specification and then to customize this support for use by practitioners in the open source software community. This paper describes how we model policies in the analysis tool TAME, the kinds of analysis we can support, and prototype mechanical support to enable others to model their policies in TAME. The paper concludes with some general observations on desirable properties for a policy language. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5546, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM archer@itd.nrl.navy.mil; leonard@itd.nrl.navy.mil; pradella@elet.polimi.it NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1933-4 PY 2003 BP 158 EP 169 DI 10.1109/POLICY.2003.1206969 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW93N UT WOS:000183701000017 ER PT J AU Govar, CJ Banner, JA AF Govar, CJ Banner, JA TI Safety testing of lithium ion batteries for Navy devices SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Lithium ion battery technology is being introduced into power supplies used by our Armed Forces for a variety of applications. In many cases, the same cells and design parameters that support commercial battery packs are being used in military battery packs. This approach is expected to result in a major decrease in the total life cycle cost of the equipment these batteries support. On June 13, 1991, NAVSEA issued INST9310AB1 [1], which states that all lithium battery powered equipment must undergo safety evaluation and approval prior to fleet use. This safety program governs a process whereby approvals are issued for lithium batteries to be used in specific equipment on ground facilities, surface combatants, air combatants, and/or submarines. The Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (NOSSA) manages the program. The chief technical advisors are Code 644 at NSWC Carderock Division and Code 609A at NSWC Crane Division. This paper describes three battery designs that incorporate lithium ion technology, and the results of battery safety tests conducted in accordance with Navy requirements. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Govar, CJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RI Johnson, Marilyn/E-7209-2011 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.1109/MAES.2003.1167325 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 634HT UT WOS:000180334500004 ER PT J AU Zyda, M Hiles, J Mayberry, A Wardynski, C Capps, M Osborn, B Shilling, R Robaszewski, M Davis, M AF Zyda, M Hiles, J Mayberry, A Wardynski, C Capps, M Osborn, B Shilling, R Robaszewski, M Davis, M TI Entertainment R&D for defense SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB We discuss America's Army, an Internet-based PC game suite developed by the Moves Institute under the auspices of the US Army. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Moves Inst, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. US Mil Acad, Off Econ & Manpower Anal, W Point, NY USA. Epic Games, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Zyda, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Moves Inst, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 6 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1109/MCG.2003.1159611 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 630UK UT WOS:000180128000006 ER PT B AU Stack, JR Habetler, TG Harley, RG AF Stack, JR Habetler, TG Harley, RG GP IEEE IEEE TI Fault classification and fault signature production for rolling element bearings in electric machines SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DIAGNOSTICS FOR ELECTRIC MACHINES, POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives CY AUG 24-26, 2003 CL STONE MT, GA SP IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE bearings (mechanical); condition monitoring; fault diagnosis; vibration AB Most condition monitoring techniques for rolling element bearings are designed to detect the four characteristic fault frequencies. This has lead to the common practice of categorizing bearing faults according to fault location (i.e., inner race, outer race, ball, or cage fault). While the ability to detect the four characteristic fault frequencies is necessary, this approach neglects another important class of faults that arise in many industrial settings. This research introduces the notion of categorizing bearing faults as either single-point defects or generalized roughness. These classes separate bearing faults according to the types of fault signatures that are produced rather than by the physical location of the fault. Specifically, single-point defects produce the four predictable characteristic fault frequencies while faults categorized as generalized roughness produce unpredictable broadband changes in the machine vibration and stator current. Experimental results are provided from bearings failed in situ via a shaft current. These results illustrate the unpredictable and broadband nature of the effects produced by generalized roughness bearing faults. This issue is significant because a successful bearing condition monitoring scheme must be able to reliably detect both classes of faults. C1 USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Stack, JR (reprint author), USN, Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Hwy 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7838-5 PY 2003 BP 172 EP 176 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BX55H UT WOS:000185662700031 ER PT B AU Stack, JR Habetler, TG Harley, RG AF Stack, JR Habetler, TG Harley, RG GP IEEE IEEE TI Experimentally generating faults in rolling element bearings via shaft current SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DIAGNOSTICS FOR ELECTRIC MACHINES, POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives CY AUG 24-26, 2003 CL STONE MT, GA SP IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE bearings (mechanical); condition monitoring; fault diagnosis; vibration ID INVERTERS AB The purpose of this research is to develop a method for experimentally generating in situ bearing faults. To motivate this topic, experimental results are provided that illustrate how the act of removing and replacing test bearings drastically alters the machine vibration and stater current spectral characteristics. Based on this observation, a method is developed that employs an externally applied shaft current to initiate and progress a bearing fault in an accelerated timeframe. This experimental method begins with a new, undamaged bearing and progresses it throughout its entire lifecycle in situ. The test machine is a standard induction motor that can be interfaced with any load and operate at any arbitrary speed or load level throughout the bearing failure process. Additionally, data generated by this experimental method can then be used to evaluate the performance of any bearing condition monitoring scheme. C1 USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Stack, JR (reprint author), USN, Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Hwy 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7838-5 PY 2003 BP 188 EP 192 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BX55H UT WOS:000185662700034 ER PT B AU Skolnik, M AF Skolnik, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Attributes of the ubiquitous phased array radar SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY 2003 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 14-17, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB This paper reviews the concept and properties of a ubiquitous radar, one that looks everywhere all the time. The receiving antenna of a ubiquitous radar consists of contiguous directive beams covering the same region as the wide beam (quasi-isotropic) transmitting antenna. Such a radar has the important advantage of performing multiple radar functions simultaneously without the serious limitations of a conventional phased array radar that has to perform its multiples functions sequentially, one at a time. Briefly described are the general characteristics of such a radar, its advantages, and several of its potential applications. The digital beam-forming ubiquitous radar is a method for achieving significant radar capabilities not readily available with conventional radar architectures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Syst Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Skolnik, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Syst Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7827-X PY 2003 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1109/PAST.2003.1256964 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BX97B UT WOS:000187062300017 ER PT B AU Craig, WP AF Craig, WP GP IEEE IEEE TI Submarine system applications for phased array technology SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY 2003 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 14-17, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB For decades, United States submarines have performed their missions with only a minimal amount of communications. Today, however, there is a need for submarines to serve new missions, including intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), covert strike, and battle group support. These missions require a dramatic improvement in the radio frequency (RF) systems on submarines to, support capabilities such as high data rate communications, improved navigation, and more sensitive detection of the electromagnetic (EM) environment above the sea surface. Phased array technology can potentially offer significant advantages over other antenna approaches in providing higher data rate communications to submarines while addressing platform volume and environmental constraints. Multifunction arrays can improve submarine EM capabilities by co-locating additional functions in a single mast system. The current state-of-the-art in phased array technology for submarines is discussed here, along with notional system configurations for supporting phased array technology on submarines. C1 USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7827-X PY 2003 BP 429 EP 434 DI 10.1109/PAST.2003.1257020 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BX97B UT WOS:000187062300073 ER PT B AU de Graaf, J Tavik, G Bottoms, M Tatum, C AF de Graaf, J Tavik, G Bottoms, M Tatum, C GP IEEE IEEE TI Calibration overview of the AMRFC test bed SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY 2003 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 14-17, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB The AMRFC (Advanced Multi-function Radio Frequency Concept) Phased Array test bed is a joint effort to demonstrate the latest technologies to concurrently perform several Navy's shipboard RF functions (e.g., communications, electronic warfare, and radar) including a calibration function through a common, shared software and RF architecture. The calibration function involves monitoring the drifts and misalignments of each subsystem as they vary over time and temperature. The main goal of calibration is to ensure that all interconnected components and subsystems perform as expected in terms of amplitude, and phase alignment. Key features of the calibration procedure are the method by which test and reference signals are generated, and how test data are collected and analyzed. The transfer functions of various subsystems in the test bed are measured via software control of these subsystems. A total of 22 calibration modes have been developed. In this paper, a single mode is described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP de Graaf, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7827-X PY 2003 BP 535 EP 540 DI 10.1109/PAST.2003.1257038 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BX97B UT WOS:000187062300091 ER PT J AU Elmore, PA Caruthers, JW AF Elmore, PA Caruthers, JW TI Higher order corrections to an iterative approach for approximating bubble distributions from attenuation measurements SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic attenuation; acoustic inversion; bubble density; bubble population ID POPULATIONS; SPECTRA; WATERS; WAVES; OCEAN AB A formal theory exists for determining sound attenuation from a known distribution of bubble sizes in the ocean; however, an integral equation must be inverted if attenuation is given and the distribution of bubbles is not. An approximate distribution can be determined based on the resonant bubble approximation (RBA). An iterative approach, for which the RBA represents the zeroth iteration, was proposed and carried out to the first iteration in a previous paper [1]. It was suggested that additional iterations would improve the bubble-distribution results. Here we formulate the procedure to carry the results to a higher order and demonstrate, based on a theoretical distribution of a multiple power law form, the improvements in successive approximations of the bubble distribution to the fourth iteration level. A recursion relation is developed that allows one to carry the iteration out to an arbitrary order. It is shown that regions of the distribution that change in the power-law exponent are places where the higher order corrections improve the results the most. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Elmore, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 117 EP 120 DI 10.1109/JOE.2002.808201 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 661BQ UT WOS:000181871700011 ER PT J AU Lynch, JF Newhall, AE Sperry, B Gawarkiewicz, G Fredricks, A Tyack, P Chiu, CS Abbot, P AF Lynch, JF Newhall, AE Sperry, B Gawarkiewicz, G Fredricks, A Tyack, P Chiu, CS Abbot, P TI Spatial and temporal variations in acoustic propagation characteristics at the New England shelfbreak front SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE internal solitary waves; shallow water acoustics; shelfbreak front; shelfbreak PRIMER experiment ID SHALLOW-WATER; WAVE; BIGHT AB The spatial and temporal variability of the acoustic field in the region of a strong coastal shelfbreak front are examined, using the high-resolution environmental data from the 1996-1997 New England shelfbreak PRIMER experiment to provide input to acoustic propagation models. Specifically, the "SeaSoar"undulating conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) probe across-shelf transects provide 1-km along-track resolution, including the front, during the spring, summer, and winter seasons. These data allow one to study the diurnal and seasonal temporal variation of the acoustic field, as well as the varying spatial structure of the field. Using the RAM parabolic equation code, across-shelf acoustic field structure at 200, 400, and 1000 Hz is studied for various source depths. A number of interesting propagation effects are noted, the most interesting of which are the inhibition of strong acoustic-bottom interaction by the warm shelf water beneath the shelfbreak front and the existence of small-scale ducts near the front, due to offshore transport. Data from the vertical line arrays deployed as part of PRIMER offer partial validation of the predictions made. Specifically, it is seen that the mean received levels are in reasonable accord with propagation calculations made using locally measured bottom properties an the SeaSoar water-column measurements. However, due to the scattering of sound by strong nonlinear internal-wave (solitons), the low-frequency variability seen in the acoustic data is less than that predicted solely on the basis of SeaSoar records, which preferentially samples the oceanography on scales larger than internal waves. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Ocean Acoust Serv & Instrumentat Serv Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Lynch, JF (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Tyack, Peter/D-6209-2013 OI Tyack, Peter/0000-0002-8409-4790 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 129 EP 150 DI 10.1109/JOE.2003.808833 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 661BQ UT WOS:000181871700013 ER PT J AU Meadows, C AF Meadows, C TI Formal methods for cryptographic protocol analysis: Emerging issues and trends SO IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE cryptographic protocols; formal methods; security ID SECURITY PROTOCOLS; AUTOMATED-ANALYSIS; AUTHENTICATION; ENCRYPTION; VERIFICATION; NETWORK; SECRECY AB The history of the application of formal methods to cryptographic protocol analysis spans over 20 years and recently has been showing signs of new maturity and consolidation. Not only have a number of specialized tools been developed, and general-purpose ones been adapted, but people have begun applying these tools to realistic protocols, in many cases supplying feedback to designers that can be used to improve the protocol's security. In this paper, we will describe some of the ongoing work in this area, as well as describe some of the new challenges and the ways in which they are being met. C1 USN, Res Lab, Formal Methods Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Formal Methods Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM meadows@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 86 TC 69 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8716 EI 1558-0008 J9 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM JI IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 21 IS 1 BP 44 EP 54 DI 10.1109/JSAC.2002.806125 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 646JA UT WOS:000181030800005 ER PT B AU Julian, MAJDP Rowe, NC Michael, JB AF Julian, MAJDP Rowe, NC Michael, JB GP IEEE IEEE TI Experiments with deceptive software responses to buffer-overflow attacks SO IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS SOCIETY INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 18-20, 2003 CL UNITED STATES MIL ACAD, W POINT, NY SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc HO UNITED STATES MIL ACAD DE deception; information systems; decoys; World Wide Web; portals; servlets; buffer overflows C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA USA. RP Julian, MAJDP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Code CS-Rp,833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7808-3 PY 2003 BP 43 EP 44 DI 10.1109/SMCSIA.2003.1232399 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BX55F UT WOS:000185660300007 ER PT B AU Rowe, NC AF Rowe, NC GP IEEE IEEE TI Counterplanning deceptions to foil cyber-attack plans SO IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS SOCIETY INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 18-20, 2003 CL UNITED STATES MIL ACAD, W POINT, NY SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc HO UNITED STATES MIL ACAD DE deception; information warfare; planning; counterplanning; rootkits; intelligent agents; stochastic models; decision theory AB Tactics involving deception are important in military strategies. We have been exploring deliberate deception in defensive tactics by information systems under cyber-attack as during information warfare. We have developed a tool to systematically "counterplan" or find ways to foil a particular attack plan. Our approach is to first find all possible atomic "ploys" that can interfere with the plan. Ploys are simple deceits the operating system can do such as lying about the status of a file We analyze ploys as to the degree of difficulty they cause to the plan wherever they can be applied We then formulate a "counterplan" by selecting the most cost-effective set of ploys and assign appropriate presentation methods for them, taking into account the likelihood that, if we are not careful, the attacker will realize they are being deceived and will terminate our game with them. The counterplan can be effected by a modified operating system. We have implemented our counterplanner in a tool MECOUNTER that uses multi-agent planning coupled with some novel inference methods to efficiently find a best counterplan. We apply the tool to an example of a rootkit-installation plan and discuss the results(1). C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat & Informat Super, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rowe, NC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat & Informat Super, Code CS-RP,833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7808-3 PY 2003 BP 203 EP 210 DI 10.1109/SMCSIA.2003.1232422 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BX55F UT WOS:000185660300030 ER PT B AU Rowe, NC AF Rowe, NC GP IEEE IEEE TI Counterplanning deceptions to foil cyber-attack plans SO IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS SOCIETY INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 18-20, 2003 CL UNITED STATES MIL ACAD, W POINT, NY SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc HO UNITED STATES MIL ACAD DE deception; information warfare; planning; counterplanning; rootkits; intelligent agents; stochastic models; decision theory AB Tactics involving deception are important in military strategies. We have been exploring deliberate deception in defensive tactics by information systems Under cyber-attack as during information warfare. We have developed a tool to systematically "counterplan" or find ways to foil a particular attack plan. Our approach is to first find all possible atomic "ploys" that can interfere with the plan. Ploys are simple deceits the operating system can do such as lying about the status of a file. We analyze ploys as to the degree of difficulty they cause to the plan wherever they can be applied We then formulate a "counterplan" by selecting the most cost-effective set of ploys and assign appropriate presentation methods for them, taking into account the likelihood that, if we are not careful, the attacker will realize they are being deceived and will terminate our game with them. The counterplan can be effected by a modified operating system. We have implemented our counterplanner in a tool MECOUNTER that uses multi-agent planning coupled with some novel inference methods to efficiently find a best counterplan. We apply the tool to an example of a rootkit-installation plan and discuss the results(1). C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat & Informat Super, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rowe, NC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat & Informat Super, Code CS-RP,833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7808-3 PY 2003 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1109/SMCSIA.2003.1232425 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BX55F UT WOS:000185660300033 ER PT J AU Gerlach, K Picciolo, ML AF Gerlach, K Picciolo, ML TI Airborne/spacebased radar STAP using a structured covariance matrix SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB It is shown that partial information about the airborne/spacebased (A/S) clutter covariance matrix (CCM) can be used effectively to significantly enhance the convergence performance of a block-processed space/time adaptive processor, (STAP) in-a clutter and jamming environment. The partial knowledge of the CCM is based upon the simplified general. clutter model (GCM) which has been developed by the airborne radar community. A priori knowledge of parameters which should be readily measurable (but not necessarily accurate) by the radar platform associated with this model is assumed. The GCM generates an assumed CCM. The assumed CCM along with exact knowledge of the thermal noise covariance matrix is used to form a maximum likelihood, estimate (MLE) of the unknown interference covariance matrix which is used by the STAR The new algorithm that employs the a priori clutter and thermal noise, covariance information is evaluated using two clutter models: 1) a mismatched GCM, and 2) the high-fidelity Research Laboratory STAP clutter model. For both clutter models, the new algorithm performed significantly better (i.e., converged faster) than the sample matrix inversion (SMI) and fast maximum likelihood (FML) STAP algorithms, the latter of which uses only information about the thermal noise covariance matrix. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gerlach, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5341,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 41 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 269 EP 281 DI 10.1109/TAES.2003.1188909 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 655TX UT WOS:000181569700020 ER PT J AU Bernardes, JS Stumborg, MF Jean, TE AF Bernardes, JS Stumborg, MF Jean, TE TI Analysis of a capacitor-based pulsed-power system for driving long-range electromagnetic guns SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium pm Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 14-17, 2002 CL LA COUPOLE, FRANCE DE circuit modeling; pulsed-power; railgun AB Proposed ship-based long-range electromagnetic guns require input energies greater then 100 MJ, at peak powers in excess of 50 GW, and at average power in the tens of megawatts. This paper describes a conceptual pulsed-power system for driving these types of guns. A generic design was developed based on state-of-the-art power-supply, capacitor, and switching technologies.. Results of modeling and parametric studies are presented, and key issues that impact system size and configuration are explored. An assessment is made of the feasibility of integrating this type of system into an electric-drive ship. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Bernardes, JS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 486 EP 490 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.806380 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 650MC UT WOS:000181267000101 ER PT J AU Kay, SM Doyle, SB AF Kay, SM Doyle, SB TI Rapid estimation of the range-Doppler scattering function SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE acoustic propagation; autoregressive processes; estimation; range-Doppler; scatter channels; scattering function; scattering parameters measurement ID DECONVOLUTION; ALGORITHM AB Under wide sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (WSSUS) conditions, the signal spreading due to a random channel may be described by the scattering function (SF). In an active acoustic system, the received signal is modeled as the super-position of delayed and Doppler spread replicas of the transmitted waveform. The SF completely describes the second-order statistics of a WSSUS channel and can be considered a density function that characterizes the average spread in delay and Doppler experienced by an input signal as it passes through the channel. The SF and its measurement will be reviewed. An estimator is proposed based on a two-dimensional (2-D) autoregressive (AR) model for the scattering function. In order to implement this estimator, we derive the conditional minimum variance unbiased estimator of the time-varying frequency response of a linear channel. Unlike conventional Fourier methods, the AR approach does not suffer from the usual convolutional smoothing due to the signal ambiguity function. Simulation results are given. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Kay, SM (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 51 IS 1 BP 255 EP 268 DI 10.1109/TSP.2002.806579 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 644KE UT WOS:000180915800024 ER PT S AU Swan, JE Gabbard, JL Hix, D Schulman, RS Kim, KP AF Swan, JE Gabbard, JL Hix, D Schulman, RS Kim, KP BE Chen, J Froehlich, B Loftin, B Neumann, U Takemura, H TI A comparative study of user performance in a map-based virtual environment SO IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY 2003, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Virtual Reality 2003 Conference CY MAR 22-26, 2003 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Visualizat & Graph DE user-centered design; user interfaces; user interaction; user assessment; usability engineering; usability evaluation; virtual environments; virtual reality; expert heuristic evaluation; formative evaluation; summative evaluation ID DESIGN AB We present a comparative study of user performance with tasks involving navigation, visual search, and geometric manipulation, in a map-based battlefield visualization virtual environment (VE). Specifically, our experiment compared user performance of the same task across four different VE platforms: desktop, cave, workbench, and wall. Independent variables were platform type, stereopsis (stereo, mono), movement control mode (rate, position), and frame of reference (egocentric, exocentric). Overall results showed that users performed tasks fastest using the desktop and slowest using the workbench. Other results are detailed below. Notable is that we designed our task in an application context, with tasking much closer to how users would actually use a real-world battlefield visualization system. This is very uncommon for comparative studies, which are usually designed with abstract tasks to minimize variance. This is, we believe, one of the first and most complex studies to comparatively examine, in an application context, this many key variables affecting VE user interface design. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5580,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM swan@acm.org OI Kim, Keunpyo/0000-0002-7103-924X NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1087-8270 BN 0-7695-1882-6 J9 P IEEE VIRT REAL ANN PY 2003 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1109/VR.2003.1191149 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW51P UT WOS:000182252300033 ER PT S AU Baillot, Y Eliason, JJ Schmidt, GS Swan, JE Brown, D Julier, S Livingston, MA Rosenblum, L AF Baillot, Y Eliason, JJ Schmidt, GS Swan, JE Brown, D Julier, S Livingston, MA Rosenblum, L BE Chen, J Froehlich, B Loftin, B Neumann, U Takemura, H TI Evaluation of the ShapeTape tracker for wearable, mobile interaction SO IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY 2003, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Virtual Reality 2003 Conference CY MAR 22-26, 2003 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Visualizat & Graph AB In this paper we describe two engineering experiments designed to evaluate the effectiveness of Measurand's ShapeTape for wearable, mobile interaction. Our initial results suggest that the ShapeTape is not appropriate for interactions which require a high degree of accuracy. However ShapeTape is capable of reproducing the qualitative motion the user is performing and thus could be used to support 3D gesture-based interaction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Virtual Real Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baillot, Y (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Virtual Real Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1087-8270 BN 0-7695-1882-6 J9 P IEEE VIRT REAL ANN PY 2003 BP 285 EP 286 DI 10.1109/VR.2003.1191165 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW51P UT WOS:000182252300042 ER PT B AU Bowles, J Chen, W Gillis, D AF Bowles, J Chen, W Gillis, D GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI ORASIS framework - benefits to working within the linear mixing model SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi DE hyperspectral; compression; ATR AB The Optical Real-time Adaptive Spectral Identification System (ORASIS) continues to be developed by the Naval Research Laboratory. Recently, a new method to perform target identification based on Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) has been demonstrated. When projected into a reduced dimension space, angles between spectra are not conserved. Proper determination of the dimensions and their coordinates of the subspace can result in maximizing the angles between a spectrum of interest and the general background. This approach can be used for target identification where the "target" can be a rare spectrum or something found in the general background. In addition, new methods to compress hyperspectral data using ORASIS in combination with wavelets have been demonstrated. Variations on this approach continue to be worked on and will be discussed. Recent improvements to these methods as well as new directions being pursued will be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowles, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 96 EP 98 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500033 ER PT B AU Lee, JS Schuler, DL Ainsworth, TL Boerner, WM AF Lee, JS Schuler, DL Ainsworth, TL Boerner, WM GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Polarization orientation estimation and applications: a review SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi DE radar polarimetry; polarization orientation; synthetic aperture radar AB In this paper, we review estimation algorithms and applications of polarization orientation angle shifts induced by terrain slopes. We develop a unified analysis of estimation algorithms based on the circular polarization covariance matrix. The effect of radar frequency, scattering media, and polarimetric calibration will also be discussed. Applications to DEM generation, polarimetric SAR data compensation and ocean surface feature characterization will be mentioned. SIR-C, and JPL AIRSAR L-band and P-band polarimetric SAR images are used for demonstration. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 428 EP 430 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500141 ER PT B AU Ainsworth, TL Lee, JS AF Ainsworth, TL Lee, JS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Optimal image classification employing "optimal" polarimetric variables SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi DE polarimetry; polarimetric SAR; image classification ID NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION AB Analysis of polarimetric SAR data often proceeds after first identifying important degrees of freedom in the data, thereby reducing the dimensionality of the problem. Various derived parameters (e.g. entropy, polarization fraction) and/or descriptions of polarimetric data (e.g. scattering matrix, covariance matrix, Stokes parameters) are employed to effectively reduce the dimensionality of the data while at the same time preserving the relevant polarimetric information. The classification presented in this work involves two steps: First determine the reduced set of variables, from the data, that "optimally" represents the polarimetric information. Second employ these newfound variables to segment (and classify) the polarimetric SAR image. Finally, the classification results are compared with standard statistical maximum likelihood techniques. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ainsworth, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 696 EP 698 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500228 ER PT B AU Lee, JS Grunes, MR Ainsworth, TL Schuler, DL Cloude, SR AF Lee, JS Grunes, MR Ainsworth, TL Schuler, DL Cloude, SR GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Coherence estimation and speckle filtering based on scattering properties SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi DE coherence esdamdon; radar polarimetry; speckle reduction; synthetic aperture radar AB In this paper, We propose a. new speckle filter for polarimetric SAR that preserves pixels' scattering properties. The basic principle is to select pixels of the same scattering characteristics to be included in the average. To achieve this, the algorithm first applies the Freeman and Durden decomposition to separate pixels into three scattering categories: surface, double bounce and volume, and then unsupervised classification is applied. Speckle filtering is performed using the classification map as masks. Pixels centered in a 9x9 window are filtered by including only pixels in the same and two neighboring classes from the same scattering category.. This algorithm is extended to the coherence estimation of polarimetric interferometry SAR data. The effectiveness of this new algorithm is demonstrated with JPL AIRSAR and E-SAR data. C1 USN, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 705 EP 707 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500231 ER PT B AU Schuler, DL Lee, JS Kasilingam, D AF Schuler, DL Lee, JS Kasilingam, D GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Measurements of ocean wave spectra using polarimetric SAR data SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi AB New methods have been investigated which use fully-polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image data to measure ocean wave slope spectra. Independent techniques have been developed to measure wave slopes in the orthogonal SAR (azimuth/range) directions. These measurements must still contend with motion-induced nonlinearities in the SAR processing. The methods are, however, physically based, robust, and utilize a parametrically simpler modulation transfer function. NASA/JPL/AIRSAR L-band data from California coastal waters has been used. Wave spectra measured using the new methods are compared with spectra developed using both conventional SAR intensity-based methods and NDBC buoys. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuler, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 708 EP 710 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500232 ER PT B AU Miller, SD Hawkins, JD Lee, TF Turk, FJ Richardson, K Kent, JE AF Miller, SD Hawkins, JD Lee, TF Turk, FJ Richardson, K Kent, JE GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Satellite focus: Linking the United States Navy to high-resolution satellite technologies SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi DE satellite; naval operations; MODIS; dust; web page AB The Naval Research Laboratory Marine Meteorology Division has designed a dynamically scalable web-based interface to serve as portal for rapid transition of its cutting-edge satellite applications. Multispectral value-added products, leveraging high spectral/spatial datasets, populate the "Satellite Focus" web page in near real-time. Satellite Focus has played an integral and ongoing role in Naval operations during the War on Terror, including Operation Enduring Freedom and most recently the Operation Iraqi Freedom campaigns. A structural overview precedes a case study detailing the role. of Satellite Focus in supporting Coalition assets during a heavy dust outbreak. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 1013 EP 1015 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500334 ER PT B AU McCoy, RP AF McCoy, RP GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Using space-based remote sensing for improved global navigation & communication SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi ID IMAGER AB In an effort to improve global navigation and the availability of radio frequency (RF) communication, the U.S. Department of Defense is deploying a series of experimental and operational ultraviolet remote sensing sensors on satellite platforms. These sensors will be used to measure airglow radiances from the upper atmosphere and ionosphere to help specify the global distribution of the densities in the neutral atmosphere and ionosphere. The Earth's ionosphere can affect the propagation of electromagnetic radiation in a number of ways including reflection, refraction, frequency dispersion, time delay and Faraday rotation. These effects are stronger at lower frequencies but variations in ionospheric electron density can be important for RF propagation at frequencies up to about 10 GHz. For quiet ionospheric conditions, refraction, time delay and frequency dispersion provide the dominant source of error for single frequency GPS navigation. Under disturbed conditions, these effects can combine to produce scintillation on GPS and communication signals (HF, UHF) and can cause communication outages, and occasionally, GPS outages. To mitigate these environmental effects and provide advance warning of outages, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) will begin this year to fly a series of ultraviolet limb and nadir imagers and spectrometers for their next Block of polar orbiting satellites. The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is sponsoring the development of a geosynchronous ultraviolet imager to provide real-time ionospheric monitoring with high spatial structure. These and other upcoming remote sensing ionospheric instruments will provide improved specification of the global ionosphere and will feed a new generation of assimilating ionospheric models to help provide a forecast capability for environmental impacts on global navigation and communication. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP McCoy, RP (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 1016 EP 1018 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500335 ER PT B AU Hornstein, J Allen, D Randall, C Mango, S AF Hornstein, J Allen, D Randall, C Mango, S GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI 3D global ozone proxy fields and the NPOESS OMPS assimilation experiment, for improved numerical weather predictions for military operations SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi ID RECONSTRUCTION AB Important classes of military operations would benefit from improved long term weather forecasts. Because the radiative effects of ozone influence jet streams, the use of daily measurements of stratospheric ozone should improve long term forecasting. Ozone data will be provided operationally by the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) instrument. An Assimilation Experiment (OMPS-AE) will use data from an OMPS on the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) spacecraft for testing ozone assimilation and forecasting algorithms. The development of those algorithms is being aided by using proxy 3D global fields which are calculated by combining sparse measurements of ozone with operational meteorological analyzed fields. We describe this data fusion method, and the validation and properties of the resulting ozone proxy. C1 NRL, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hornstein, J (reprint author), NRL, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 1022 EP 1025 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500337 ER PT B AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF BE Goharian, N TI Data mining for rules for a multi-agent decision support algorithm SO IKE'03: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Information and Knowledge Engineering (IKE 03) CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE knowledge discovery; decision support; expert systems; fuzzy logic; evolutionary computation; multi-agent based learning techniques AB For many applications it is desirable to construct expert systems to be used as decision aids. It is often essential that the algorithm make decisions at least at the quality level of the best human experts according to some measure. The algorithm should not only incorporate human expertise and its related uncertainty, but also be able to exploit an opponent's uncertainty. In many instances, due to newly emerging paradigms, the necessary human expertise does not exist. Approaches based on fuzzy logic, fuzzy number theory, evolutionary algorithms, and fuzzy linear and nonlinear programming have been developed that result in efficient data mining algorithms for automatic rule determination. The rules discovered are equivalent to rules already developed by human experts or in the case, where no human being has expertise to be original. Along with the theoretical basis, an application to an electromagnetic problem and related simulation results are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-09-2 PY 2003 BP 529 EP 532 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BX97Z UT WOS:000187118100084 ER PT S AU Mayer, R Waterman, J Schuler, J Scribner, D AF Mayer, R Waterman, J Schuler, J Scribner, D BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Spectral optimization studies and schemes to enhance target detection and display for a three-band staring LWIR sensor SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry IX CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID BAND SELECTION; SYSTEMS AB To achieve enhanced target discrimination, prototype three- band long wave infrared (LWIR) focal plane arrays (FPA) for missile defense applications have recently been constructed. The cutoff wavelengths, widths, and spectral overlap of the bands are critical parameters for the multicolor sensor design. Previous calculations for sensor design did not account for target and clutter spectral features in determining the optimal band characteristics. The considerable spectral overlap and correlation between the bands and attendant reduction in color contrast is another unexamined issue. To optimize and simulate the projected behavior of three-band sensors, this report examined a hyperspectral LWIR image cube. Our study starts with 30 bands of the LWIR spectra of three man-made targets and natural backgrounds that were binned to 3 bands using weighted band binning. This work achieves optimal binning by using a genetic algorithm approach and the target-to-clutter-ratio (TCR) as the optimization criterion. Another approach applies a genetic algorithm to maximize discrimination among the spectral reflectivities in the Non-conventional Exploitation Factors Data System (NEFDS) library. Each candidate band was weighted using a Fermi function to represent four interacting band edges for three- bands. It is found that choice of target can significantly influence the optimal choice of bands as expressed through the TCR and the Receiver Operator Characteristic curve. This study shows that whitening the image data prominently displays targets relative to backgrounds by increasing color contrast and also maintains color constancy. Three-color images are displayed by assigning red, green, blue colors directly to the whitened data set. Achieving constant colors of targets and backgrounds over time can greatly aid human viewers in the interpretation of the images and discriminate targets. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mayer, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5032-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5159 BP 20 EP 31 DI 10.1117/12.506070 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY54U UT WOS:000189405500003 ER PT S AU Schwartz, PR AF Schwartz, PR BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Naval METOC needs and hyperspectral sensing SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry IX CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral sensing; coastal ocean; naval needs AB Naval operations, including day-to-day activities as well as warfighting, depend upon the environment and are planned and executed based upon environmental knowledge. Hyperspectral sensing provides environmental information and characterization for some of these operational Naval activities. It is useful to separate these information types into "oceanographic" and "meteorological" categories as follows: . Coastal and shallow water operations . Beach, wetland and near shore operations . Self defense, and . Precision strike. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schwartz, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5032-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5159 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1117/12.509356 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY54U UT WOS:000189405500017 ER PT S AU Corson, MR Bowles, JH Chen, W Davis, CO Dorris, CE Gallelli, KH Korwan, DR Policastri, LA AF Corson, MR Bowles, JH Chen, W Davis, CO Dorris, CE Gallelli, KH Korwan, DR Policastri, LA BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Modification of the ocean PHILLS hyperspectral imager for the International Space Station and the HyGEIA program SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry IX CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE remote sensing; visible spectroscopy; hyperspectral; International Space Station ID CALIBRATION AB The Naval Research Laboratory and the Boeing Company have teamed to fly the NRL ocean Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low Light Spectroscopy (ocean PHILLS) on board the International Space Station (ISS). This joint program is named the Hyperspectral Sensor for Global Environmental Imaging and Analysis (HyGEIA). Hyperspectral images spanning the wavelength range 400 to 1000 nm will be collected at a ground sample distance of 25 m, with 10 nm spectral binning, and 200 to I signal to noise over the visible wavelengths for a 5% albedo scene. These images will be used to characterize the coastal ocean and littoral zone, crops, and forest areas. The PHILLS will also image over the same wavelength range at 130 m GSD to produce similar environmental products over a larger ground area. This paper will describe the modification of PHILLS required for use on the ISS, the modeled on orbit performance,. and the planned on orbit configuration. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Corson, MR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5032-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5159 BP 172 EP 179 DI 10.1117/12.509902 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY54U UT WOS:000189405500018 ER PT S AU Bachmann, CM Donato, TF Fusina, RA Lathrop, R Geib, J Russ, AL Burke, J Bettenhausen, MH Bowles, JH Lamela, GM Rhea, WJ Truitt, BR Porter, JH AF Bachmann, CM Donato, TF Fusina, RA Lathrop, R Geib, J Russ, AL Burke, J Bettenhausen, MH Bowles, JH Lamela, GM Rhea, WJ Truitt, BR Porter, JH BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Coastal land-cover mapping: A comparison of PHILLS, HyMAP, and PROBE2 airborne hyperspectral imagery SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry IX CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; HyMAP; PROBE; PHILLS; coastal land-cover; barrier islands; wetlands; uplands; beaches; automatic classification; classifier fusion; active sampling AB This study focuses on Coastal land cover classification from airborne hyperspectral at two sites. Our primary study area, is a chain of barrier islands, collectively known as the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR)(1213); the second site is located in and around Barnegat Bay, NJ. At the Barnegat Bay site, hyperspectral imagery was acquired by PHILLS during a two week campaign in late July and early August. The present work examines land-cover models for PHILLS imagery subsets acquired on August 2, 2001. At the VCR site, we have acquired an extensive time-series of PROBE2 imagery over six of the barrier islands, as well as one HyMAP scene. Multi-season models have been developed that take advantage of seasonal differences in land-cover to improve classification accuracy. Automatic classification experiments consider roughly 20-25 categories of land-cover at the two different sites. Categories include a variety of wetland plant species (brackish and freshwater), beach, dune, and upland plant species and plant communities. We also examine in detail detectability and accuracy of mapping invasive plant species such as Phragmites australis, which pose a particular challenge to natural resource managers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5032-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5159 BP 180 EP 187 DI 10.1117/12.509660 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY54U UT WOS:000189405500019 ER PT S AU Montes, MJ Gao, BC Davis, CO AF Montes, MJ Gao, BC Davis, CO BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Tafkaa atmospheric correction of hyperspectral data SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry IX CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE imaging spectrometer; atmospheric correction; ocean color ID OCEAN COLOR; ALGORITHM; IMAGERY; REMOVAL; CODE AB We previously developed an algorithm named Tafkaa for remote sensing of ocean color from aircraft and satellite platforms. The algorithm allows quick atmospheric correction of hyperspectral data using lookup tables generated with a modified version of Ahmad & Fraser's vector radiative transfer code. During the past few years we have extended the capabilities of the code. Current modifications include the ability to account for varying solar geometry (important for very long scenes) and view geometries (important for wide fields of view). Additionally, versions of Tafkaa have been made for a variety of multi-spectral sensors, including SeaWiFS and MODIS. Here we present sample results of atmospheric corrections of data from several platforms. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Montes, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5032-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5159 BP 188 EP 197 DI 10.1117/12.509867 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY54U UT WOS:000189405500020 ER PT S AU Bowles, J Chen, W Gillis, D AF Bowles, J Chen, W Gillis, D BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI New directions in the development of the ORASIS algorithm SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry IX CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB The Optical Real-time Adaptive Spectral Identification System (ORASIS) continues to be developed by the Naval Research Laboratory. Recently, new methods to compress hyperspectral data using ORASIS in combination with wavelets have been demonstrated. Variations on this approach continue to be pursued and will be discussed. In addition, a new method to perform target identification based on Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) has been demonstrated. When projected into a reduced dimension space, angles between spectra are not conserved. Proper determination of the dimensions and coordinates of the subspace can result in maximizing the angles between a spectrum of interest and the general background. This approach can be used for target identification where the "target" can be a rare spectrum or something found in the general background. Recent improvements to these methods, as well as new applications of the software, are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowles, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5032-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5159 BP 331 EP 338 DI 10.1117/12.509933 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY54U UT WOS:000189405500035 ER PT S AU Firebaugh, SL Charles, HK Edwards, RL Keeney, AC Wilderson, SF AF Firebaugh, SL Charles, HK Edwards, RL Keeney, AC Wilderson, SF GP IEEE IEEE TI Low-cost deflection measurement for rapid characterization of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) SO IMTC/O3: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 20-22, 2003 CL VAIL, CO SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc ID RF-MEMS; PULL-IN; BEAM AB Nonintrusive measurement of small out-of-plane motions of microscale structures is critical to the development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). This paper presents a low-cost deflection measurement system for MEMS structures based on a fiber optic displacement sensor. The system is demonstrated by the characterization of a microwave switch. The calibration and linearity of the system are explored, and the performance is compared to a more elaborate system that is nearly a hundred times more expensive. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Firebaugh, SL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-7705-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2003 BP 499 EP 502 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW86A UT WOS:000183417200096 ER PT S AU Avramov-Zamurovic, S Waltrip, B Stricklett, K Koffman, A AF Avramov-Zamurovic, S Waltrip, B Stricklett, K Koffman, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Balancing procedure for an IVD bridge SO IMTC/O3: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 20-22, 2003 CL VAIL, CO SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc AB This paper presents a detector balancing procedure for a bridge based on the straddling method that is used to calibrate inductive voltage dividers (IUDs). A bridge of this type requires multiple, simultaneous balances, which, due to interactions between the various circuit networks involved, are difficult to achieve in practice. An algorithm will be demonstrated that achieves balances on the order of 1 part in 10(9). C1 USN Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Avramov-Zamurovic, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-7705-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2003 BP 1599 EP 1603 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW86A UT WOS:000183417200306 ER PT S AU Root, BT AF Root, BT BE Bell, AJ Wickerhauser, MV Szu, HH TI Coherence in an over-the-horizon radar SO INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSES, WAVELETS, AND NEURAL NETWORKS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, and Neural Networks CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE time-frequency transform; over-the-horizon radar; signal coherence AB The coherence of successive dwells from an Over-the-Horizon (OTH) High-Frequency (HF) radar (3-30 MHz) is investigated using a technique based on the spectrogram. Although the data are coherent within a dwell, it is not known if coherence is preserved from one dwell to the next, due to possible limitations of the signal processor. (Incoherence imposed by the propagating medium is not considered here.) Land clutter consisting of a sufficiently clean complex sinusoid should reveal the coherence of data across dwells. Unfortunately, the ionosphere imposes multipath and distortion such that it is difficult to obtain sufficiently clean dwells, but a few cases indicate a linear spectral phase offset on the second dwell consistent with a virtual shift of the time origin that can, in principle, be easily compensated for. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Root, BT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4962-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5102 BP 213 EP 225 DI 10.1117/12.487201 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BW93S UT WOS:000183701900022 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Addison, SR AF Gray, JE Addison, SR BE Bell, AJ Wickerhauser, MV Szu, HH TI The effect of non-uniform motion on the Doppler spectrum of scattered continuous wave waveforms SO INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSES, WAVELETS, AND NEURAL NETWORKS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, and Neural Networks CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE non-uniform Doppler effect; Censor-Cooper; waveform analysis; micro-Doppler ID LINEARLY VIBRATING OBJECTS AB In this paper, we formulate the effect of non-uniform motion on radar wave forms. When there is non-uniform motion, the Doppler effect can produce complex behavior in the frequency spectrum so that a simple frequency analysis does not easily capture all of the target's behavior. When an object is undergoing non-uniform motion, the Doppler spectrum losses its ideal point like characteristics and starts to show broadening when the object is undergoing motion characteristics such as accelerations, jerks or exponential slowdowns. Such motion laws can lead to both broadening and multiple peaks in the Doppler spectrum under the right circumstances. This suggests that the effect of nonuniform Doppler is an area that is ripe for a time-frequency analysis. Both of these types of spectral characteristics produced by nonuniform motion, such complex Doppler has been characterized as micro-Doppler by Chen. In this paper, we formulate the effect of non-uniform motion on radar waveforms. Then we consider several specific examples of non-uniform motion on a continuous wave waveform. We then relate this analysis to micro-Doppler and then the application of time-frequency methods to these type of signals. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code B-32, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4962-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5102 BP 226 EP 239 DI 10.1117/12.484816 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BW93S UT WOS:000183701900023 ER PT S AU Chen, VC AF Chen, VC BE Bell, AJ Wickerhauser, MV Szu, HH TI Micro-Doppler effect of micro-motion dynamics: A review SO INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSES, WAVELETS, AND NEURAL NETWORKS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, and Neural Networks CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Doppler effect; micro-Doppler effect; radar target signature; time-frequency analysis ID LINEARLY VIBRATING OBJECTS; FEATURE-EXTRACTION AB In this paper, we review,the micro-Doppler effect induced by micro-motion dynamics and provide mathematics of the micro-Doppler effect by introducing micro motions to the conventional Doppler effect. Micro-Doppler effect was originally introduced in laser systems, but it can also be observed in microwave radar systems. We introduce some interesting results on observing micro-Doppler phenomenon using microwave radar systems and potential applications to target's feature extraction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 39 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4962-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 5102 BP 240 EP 249 DI 10.1117/12.488855 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BW93S UT WOS:000183701900024 ER PT S AU Szu, H Portnoy, D AF Szu, H Portnoy, D BE Bell, AJ Wickerhauser, MV Szu, HH TI Gene expression signature discovery using independent component analysis SO INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSES, WAVELETS, AND NEURAL NETWORKS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, and Neural Networks CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE independent components analysis; cluster analysis; bio-informatics; gene expression; micro-array ID CLASSIFICATION AB With the advent of high throughput DNA microarrays and the large cross section of the gene activity, or expression, that it provides, the potential for the early detection and diagnosis of cancer before morphogenesis has dramatically increased. While many statistical methods, such as cluster analysis, have been developed to tap into this enormous information source, a reliable method of early detection and diagnosis has yet to be developed. In this paper we propose using independent component analysis (ICA) as a first step in a process to identify diseased tissue solely based on its gene expression profile. In the ICA vernacular, a set of genes can be viewed as the sensors while certain biological processes, including the manifestation of a given disease, can be viewed as the signals. The goal then is to identify one or more 'demixed' signals, or signatures, that can be associated with the given disease. The demixing matrix can then be used to find the biological signals of an unknown sample, which might, in turn, be used for diagnosis when compared to the previously determined disease signatures. In this paper we explore the use of this technique on a previously studied melanoma dataset (Bittner, et. al., 2000). C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Szu, H (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4962-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5102 BP 320 EP 330 DI 10.1117/12.501628 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BW93S UT WOS:000183701900032 ER PT S AU Serjantov, A Dingledine, R Syverson, P AF Serjantov, A Dingledine, R Syverson, P BE Petitcolas, FAP TI From a trickle to a flood: Active attacks on several mix types SO INFORMATION HIDING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Information Hiding CY OCT 07-09, 2002 CL NOORDWIJKERHOUT, NETHERLANDS AB The literature contains a variety of different mixes, some of which have been used in deployed anonymity systems. We explore their anonymity and message delay properties, and show how to mount active attacks against them by altering the traffic between the mixes. We show that if certain mixes are used, such attacks cannot destroy the anonymity of a particular message completely. We work out the cost of these attacks in terms of the number of messages the attacker must insert into the network and the time he must spend. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of these mixes and the settings in which their use is appropriate. Finally, we look at dummy traffic and SG mixes as other promising ways of protecting against the attacks, point out potential weaknesses in existing designs, and suggest improvements. C1 Univ Cambridge, Comp Lab, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Serjantov, A (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Comp Lab, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00421-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2578 BP 36 EP 52 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW39Y UT WOS:000181862800003 ER PT S AU Newman, RE Moskowitz, IS Chang, LW Brahmadesam, MM AF Newman, RE Moskowitz, IS Chang, LW Brahmadesam, MM BE Petitcolas, FAP TI A steganographic embedding undetectable by JPEG compatibility steganalysis SO INFORMATION HIDING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Information Hiding CY OCT 07-09, 2002 CL NOORDWIJKERHOUT, NETHERLANDS AB Steganography and steganalysis of digital images is a cat-and-mouse game. In recent work, Fridrich, Goljan and Du introduced a method that is surprisingly accurate at determining if bitmap images that originated as JPEG files have been altered (and even specifying where and how they were altered), even if only a single bit has been changed. However, steganographic embeddings that encode embedded data in the JPEG coefficients are not detectable by their JPEG compatibility steganalysis. This paper describes a steganographic method that encodes the embedded data in the spatial domain, yet cannot be detected by their steganalysis mechanism. Furthermore, we claim that our method can also be used as a steganographic method on files stored in JPEG format. The method described herein uses a novel, topological approach to embedding. The paper also outlines some extensions to the proposed embedding method. C1 Univ Florida, CISE Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Newman, RE (reprint author), Univ Florida, CISE Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM nemo@cise.ufl.edu; moskowitz@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00421-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2578 BP 258 EP 277 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW39Y UT WOS:000181862800017 ER PT J AU Stierna, EJ Rowe, NC AF Stierna, EJ Rowe, NC TI Applying information-retrieval methods to software reuse: a case study SO INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE requirements; matching; information retrieval; document similarity; reuse AB Reuse of existing software for new purposes is a key aspect of efficient software engineering. But finding opportunities for reuse can be difficult when building a large software system with pieces of a large previous system. Our approach is to match formal written "requirements" used to define the new software against requirements used to define the old software; requirement pairs with words in common suggest software-reuse opportunities. We explored two matching methodologies that use information-retrieval techniques. We tested our methods by comparing two US military systems, the Aviation Mission Planning System and the Joint Mission Planning System. Our second tool reduced the time to find 50% of the matching requirements by 99.4% compared to manual matching. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Code CS RP, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Stierna, EJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code CS RP, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4573 J9 INFORM PROCESS MANAG JI Inf. Process. Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 AR PII S0306-4573(02)00025-0 DI 10.1016/S0306-4573(02)00025-0 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 637DC UT WOS:000180495500004 ER PT S AU Birurakis, B Hanchey, M McHugh, S James, J AF Birurakis, B Hanchey, M McHugh, S James, J BE Holst, GC TI Progress and plans for incorporation of IVI standards for electro-optic testing SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling and Testing XIV CY APR 23-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared; IVI; ATS; EO testing; blackbodies; IRWindows; NxTest AB The DoD has determined that standardization of Electro-Optic testing is beneficial to current and future Automated Test Systems (ATS). Adopting standards will reduce cost of ownership of ATS and will improve flexibility through interoperability of ATS. The current state of the art in instrument standardization is the Interchangeable Virtual Instrument (IVI) Foundation standards already adopted for commercial standard test equipment such as Digital Multimeters. The Navy has formed a working group entitled "EO Software Working Group" that is meeting quarterly to come up with appropriate IVI standards for EO testing. Considerable progress has been made over the past two years. The first specification, for Blackbodies, has been produced (draft version). Over the next 18 months this will be finalized and submitted to the IVI Standards Committee for formal approval. In addition, other specifications for EO testing will be developed and submitted for formal incorporation. This paper will describe the needs for standardization in the ATS community and the progress in EO IVI standards. C1 USN, NAWCAD, Patuxent River, MD 20684 USA. RP Birurakis, B (reprint author), USN, NAWCAD, Patuxent River, MD 20684 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4935-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5076 BP 153 EP 156 DI 10.1117/12.498471 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX58C UT WOS:000185757000015 ER PT S AU Pieper, RJ Cooper, AW Celik, M Kenter, Y AF Pieper, RJ Cooper, AW Celik, M Kenter, Y BE Holst, GC TI Objective MRTD experimental measurements compared with predictions based on the visibility model SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling and Testing XIV CY APR 23-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE frequency response; thermal imaging system; minimum resolvable temperature difference; objective measurements ID RESOLVABLE TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE; SYSTEMS AB Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference (MRTD) has long been used to describe the performance of thermal imaging systems. The Visibility Model H developed for second generation thermal imaging systems includes sampling and aliasing issues without assumptions about the observer. As with the earlier reported Visibility Model, applicable for first generation imagers, both objective and subjective measurement schemes can be accommodated. The visibility concept has been demonstrated to be applicable in predicting the objective MRTD. The laboratory measurement of objective MRTD provided the data to evaluate the performance of the Objective VISMODII model. Although the measurements are limited in scope, they do demonstrate that the VISMODII predictive model can also be applied to objective MRTD measurements. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pieper, RJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4935-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5076 BP 196 EP 207 DI 10.1117/12.487760 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX58C UT WOS:000185757000020 ER PT S AU Scribner, DA Buckley, LJ Satyshur, M Sands, R Zuccarello, G AF Scribner, DA Buckley, LJ Satyshur, M Sands, R Zuccarello, G BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Bio-inspired optics SO INFRARED TECHNOLOLGY AND APPLICATIONS XXIX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXIX Conference CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE optical materials; biological lenses; fovea AB Combining bio-inspired optical designs with new materials - that have a capability to dynamically change index of refraction - may provide new capabilities and increased system performance. This paper discusses recent interest in mimicking some of the adaptive features of biological imaging systems, identifies new optical materials being developed, and discusses some simple applications such as zoom lenses with no moving parts and foveated imaging systems. Mention is also given to the future challenges of developing materials with dynamic refractive indexes and gradients. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scribner, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Sanguansri, Luz/B-6630-2011 OI Sanguansri, Luz/0000-0003-1908-7604 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4933-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5074 BP 312 EP 317 DI 10.1117/12.501527 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY23C UT WOS:000188359400032 ER PT S AU Bender, BA Rayne, R Wu, C Kim, C Bruce, RW AF Bender, BA Rayne, R Wu, C Kim, C Bruce, RW BE Singh, JP Bansal, NP TI Solid freeform fabrication of PZT ceramics via an automated tape laminated object manufacturing system SO INNOVATIVE PROCESSING AND SYNTHESIS OF CERAMICS, GLASSES, AND COMPOSITES VII SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ceramic Matrix Composites Symposium held at the 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID BINDER BURNOUT; ALUMINA; PARAMETERS; ACTUATORS AB Test specimens of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) for strength measurements were fabricated via an automated laminated object manufacturing (LOM) process. The LOM process steps of solvent welding, lamination, binder burnout, bisque machining, firing, and annealing were investigated in order to optimize the automated process. The strength of the automated-LOM-processed samples was similar in strength to commercial materials and to samples fabricated via a semi-manual LOM process. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bender, BA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6351, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-208-7 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2003 VL 154 BP 193 EP 204 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BY29C UT WOS:000188792900018 ER PT S AU Karpen, JT AF Karpen, JT BE Keil, SL Avakyan, SV TI Why do we need high-resolution observations of the Sun? SO INNOVATIVE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR SOLAR ASTROPHYSICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Innovative Telescopes and Instrumentation for Solar Astrophysics CY AUG 24-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE sun; corona; magnetohydrodynamics; reconnection ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; SOLAR ARCADES; YOHKOH; FLARE; JETS AB To make progress on major unsolved problems in solar physics (e.g., coronal heating, eruptive flare/CME initiation, solar wind initiation), we must observe on scales relevant to the underlying physical processes and their signatures. In this review I discuss the factors determining the structure of magnetic fields and plasmas in the Sun's outer atmosphere, the key observable signatures of the relevant processes and properties,. and the instrumental capabilities necessary to detect and measure these signatures. The primary emphasis is on state-of-the-art theoretical and numerical predictions, which often are the only means by which we can estimate the complex time-dependent evolution of the underlying physical mechanisms And their local and global effects on the corona. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karpen, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Karpen, Judith/E-1484-2012 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4632-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4853 BP 453 EP 464 DI 10.1117/12.460360 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BW44P UT WOS:000182019000044 ER PT S AU Fischer, J Vrba, F Toomey, D Lucke, R Wang, S Henden, A Robichaud, J Onaka, P Hicks, B Harris, F Stahlberger, W Kosakowski, K Dudley, CC Johnston, K AF Fischer, J Vrba, F Toomey, D Lucke, R Wang, S Henden, A Robichaud, J Onaka, P Hicks, B Harris, F Stahlberger, W Kosakowski, K Dudley, CC Johnston, K BE Iye, M Moorwood, AFM TI ASTROCAM: An Offner re-imaging 1024 x 1024 InSb camera for near-infrared astrometry on the USNO 1.55-m telescope SO INSTRUMENT DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE FOR OPTICAL/INFRARED GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrument Design and Performance for Optical/Infrared Ground-based Telescopes CY AUG 25-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE infrared imaging; astrometry; optical design; infrared array electronics ID ARRAY AB In order to extend the US Naval Observatory (USNO) small-angle astrometric capabilities to near infrared wavelengths we have designed and manufactured a 1024 x 1024 InSb re-imaging infrared camera equipped with an array selected from the InSb ALADDIN (Advanced Large Area Detector Development in InSb) development program and broadband and narrowband 0.8 - 3.8 mum filters. Since the USNO 1.55-m telescope is optimized for observations at visible wavelengths with an oversized secondary mirror and sky baffles, the straylight rejection capabilities of the ASTROCAM Lyot stop and baffles are of critical importance for its sensitivity and flat-fielding capabilities. An Offner relay was chosen for the heart of the system and was manufactured from the same melt of aluminum alloy to ensure homologous contraction from room temperature to 77 K. A blackened cone was installed behind the undersized hole (the Lyot stop) in the Offner secondary. With low distortion, a well-sampled point spread function, and a large field of view, the system is well suited for astrometry. It is telecentric, so any defocus will not result in a change of image scale. The DSP-based electronics allow readout of the entire array with double-correlated sampling in 0.19 seconds, but shorter readout is possible with single sampling or by reading out only small numbers of subarrays. In this paper we report on the optical, mechanical, and electronic design of the system and present images and results on the sensitivity and astrometric stability obtained with the system, now operating routinely at the 1.55-m telescope with a science-grade ALADDIN array. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fischer, J (reprint author), 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4620-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4841 BP 564 EP 577 DI 10.1117/12.461033 PN 1-3 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW44M UT WOS:000182018500057 ER PT S AU Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Cole, B Pureza, P Kung, FH Aggarwal, ID AF Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Cole, B Pureza, P Kung, FH Aggarwal, ID BE Sidorin, YS Tervonen, A TI Fabrication of As-S and As-Se optical fiber with low hydrogen impurities using tellurium tetrachloride (Te Cl-4) SO INTEGRATED OPTICS: DEVICES, MATERIALS, AND TECHNOLOGIES VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Optics - Devices, Materials and Technologies VII CY JAN 27-29, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE chalcogenide IR-transmitting optical fiber; arsenic sulfide; arsenic selenide; low hydrogen impurities ID GLASS-FIBERS AB Arsenic sulfide (As-S) and arsenic selenide (As-Se) glass optical fibers typically possess extrinsic absorption bands in the infrared wavelength region associated with residual hydrogen and oxygen related impurities, despite using purified precursors. We report a purification process based on the addition of 0.1 wt% tellurium tetrachloride (TeCl4) to the glass. During melting, the chlorine from TeCl4 reacts with the hydrogen impurities to produce volatile products (e.g. HCl) that can be removed by subsequent dynamic distillation. The processing conditions have been modified accordingly to give low H-S (1.5 dB/m) and low H-Se (0.2 dB/m) impurity content. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nguyen, VQ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4787-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4987 BP 274 EP 283 DI 10.1117/12.473172 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BX33E UT WOS:000184965100029 ER PT S AU Mozurkewich, D Benson, JA Hutter, DJ AF Mozurkewich, D Benson, JA Hutter, DJ BE Traub, WA TI NPOI: A progress report SO INTERFEROMETRY FOR OPTICAL ASTRONOMY II, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry for Optical Astronomy II CY AUG 22-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE optical interferometry; NPOI; instrumentation ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; BEAM COMBINER; DESIGN; DIAMETER AB This paper describes the current status of the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer with emphasis on imaging and on changes since the last review in this forum. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mozurkewich, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4617-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4838 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1117/12.457028 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW43U UT WOS:000181980200007 ER PT S AU Benson, JA Hummel, CA Mozurkewich, D AF Benson, JA Hummel, CA Mozurkewich, D BE Traub, WA TI Simultaneous 6-station observations with the NPOI SO INTERFEROMETRY FOR OPTICAL ASTRONOMY II, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry for Optical Astronomy II CY AUG 22-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE optical interferometry; imaging; Eta virginis; NPOI ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; DESIGN AB In January of 2002, we began routine observations using the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer with six siderostats operating simultaneously. We present recent images obtained with this 6-beam operations mode of the NPOI. We report on the implemented system enhancements that make this possible, such as the beam combiner, fringe detection electronics, fringe tracking algorithm and the control system. We discuss the present state of the NPOI data analysis, including amplitude and phase bias corrections, cross talk considerations, and calibration issues. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Benson, JA (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4617-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4838 BP 358 EP 368 DI 10.1117/12.459322 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW43U UT WOS:000181980200041 ER PT S AU Gilbreath, GC Pauls, TA Armstrong, JT Mozurkewich, D Benson, JA Hindsley, R Driscoll, D AF Gilbreath, GC Pauls, TA Armstrong, JT Mozurkewich, D Benson, JA Hindsley, R Driscoll, D BE Traub, WA TI Simulated multi-beam observations of Be stars in the H-alpha line using the navy prototype optical interferometer SO INTERFEROMETRY FOR OPTICAL ASTRONOMY II, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry for Optical Astronomy II CY AUG 22-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE optical interferometry; Be stars; H-alpha; NPOI; simulated observations AB The Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer has recently been equipped with specially-designed filters that pass Halpha emission in a 2.5 nm band, suppress the continuum 50 nm to either side, and pass the continuum further from the Halpha line. These filters allow fringe tracking on continuum light while taking data at Halpha. Five-and sixaperture NPOI configurations have also been implemented recently. The improvement in U-V coverage with these configurations promises greater image fidelity in multi-spectral imaging as well as in specific lines, such as the very interesting Halpha line. Using an array simulator operating in the AIPS++ environment, we simulate observations of Halpha emission, assuming approximate source structure taken from earlier work in the literature. These simulations demonstrate the increased imaging capability of multi-aperture arrays and help define optimum Halpha observation strategies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gilbreath, GC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4617-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4838 BP 573 EP 583 DI 10.1117/12.459683 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW43U UT WOS:000181980200064 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Gilbreath, GC Payne, DM Baker, JT Martinez, T DiVittorio, M Mozurkewich, D Friedman, J AF Restaino, SR Gilbreath, GC Payne, DM Baker, JT Martinez, T DiVittorio, M Mozurkewich, D Friedman, J BE Traub, WA TI Results from a portable Adaptive Optics system on the 1 meter telescope at the Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station SO INTERFEROMETRY FOR OPTICAL ASTRONOMY II, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry for Optical Astronomy II CY AUG 22-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; wavefront correction; interferometry AB In this paper we present results using a compact, portable adaptive optics system. The system was developed as a joint venture between the Naval Research Laboratory, Air Force Research Laboratory, and two small, New Mexico based-businesses. The system has a footprint of 18x24x18 inches and weighs less than 100 lbs. Key hardware design characteristics enable portability, easy mounting, and stable alignment. The system also enables quick calibration procedures, stable performance, and automatic adaptability to various pupil configurations. The system was tested during an engineering run in late July 2002 at the Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station one-meter telescope. Weather prevented extensive testing and the seeing during the run was marginal but a sufficient opportunity was provided for proof-of-concept, initial characterization of closed loop performance, and to start addressing some of the most pressing engineering and scientific issues. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7215, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4617-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4838 BP 1084 EP 1090 DI 10.1117/12.479725 PN 1&2 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW43U UT WOS:000181980200117 ER PT S AU Armstrong, JT Mozurkewich, D AF Armstrong, JT Mozurkewich, D BE Traub, WA TI A close look at raw data from the NPOI SO INTERFEROMETRY FOR OPTICAL ASTRONOMY II, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry for Optical Astronomy II CY AUG 22-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE optical interferometry; NPOI ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER AB We show two samples of raw data from the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI), the first with a single baseline present, the second with three baselines present. We focus on the behavior of the group delay amplitude and the position of the group delay peak, and compare those quantities in the data samples to simulated data. We find that the simulations resemble the actual data when the flux level and spectral regions that were observed are realistic, and conclude that the NPOI fringe engine seems to be working properly. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Armstrong, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4617-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4838 BP 1091 EP 1098 DI 10.1117/12.459385 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW43U UT WOS:000181980200118 ER PT S AU Hummel, CA Mozurkewich, D Benson, JA Wittkowski, M AF Hummel, CA Mozurkewich, D Benson, JA Wittkowski, M BE Traub, WA TI Coherent integration using phase bootstrapping SO INTERFEROMETRY FOR OPTICAL ASTRONOMY II, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry for Optical Astronomy II CY AUG 22-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE optical interferometry; coherent interation; phase bootstrapping; limb darkening; NPOI ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER AB We have developed an algorithm to determine precise fringe phases in the presence of atmospheric turbulence. We use phase bootstrapping to improve parameter estimates of weak fringes observed on long baselines through coherent integration. With data from the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI) on gamma Sagittae, we demonstrate the importance of this method for the study of limb-darkening of stars. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Hummel, CA (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Av NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. OI Wittkowski, Markus/0000-0002-7952-9550 NR 3 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4617-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4838 BP 1107 EP 1114 DI 10.1117/12.459143 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW43U UT WOS:000181980200120 ER PT S AU Hutter, DJ Elias, NM AF Hutter, DJ Elias, NM BE Traub, WA TI Array metrology system for an optical long-baseline interferometer SO INTERFEROMETRY FOR OPTICAL ASTRONOMY II, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry for Optical Astronomy II CY AUG 22-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE optical interferometry; astrometry; laser metrology; NPOI AB We describe the array metrology system of the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer, a long-baseline interferometer whose purpose is to determine precise positions of bright stars and image the surfaces and circumstellar environments of stars and stellar systems. For the astrometric array of the NPOI to achieve its design goal of wide-angle astrometric precision of 1-3 milliarcseconds on 20 m baselines, an extensive laser metrology system is employed to measure the three-dimensional motions of those baselines with respect to an Earth-fixed reference system to an accuracy of approximately 100 nm. The array metrology system is described, along with its associated data analysis software, test results, and the application of those results to the analysis of astrometric data. It is shown that at the current stage of its development, the array metrology system is capable of monitoring the variations in the geometry of the astrometric array with micron-level precision. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Hutter, DJ (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4617-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4838 BP 1234 EP 1245 DI 10.1117/12.459763 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW43U UT WOS:000181980200134 ER PT S AU Johnston, KJ Boboltz, D Fey, A Gaume, R Zacharias, N AF Johnston, KJ Boboltz, D Fey, A Gaume, R Zacharias, N BE Shao, M TI Astrophysics of reference frame tie objects SO INTERFEROMETRY IN SPACE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry in Space CY AUG 26-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE ID CATALOG AB The Astrophysics of Reference Frame Tie Objects Key Science program will investigate the underlying physics of SIM grid objects. Extragalactic objects in the SIM grid will be used to tie the SIM reference frame to the quasi-inertial reference frame defined by extragalactic objects and to remove any residual frame rotation with respect to the extragalactic frame. The current realization of the extragalactic frame is the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF). The ICRF is defined by the radio positions of 212 extragalactic objects and is the IAU sanctioned fundamental astronomical reference frame. This key project will advance our knowledge of the physics of the objects which will make up the SIM grid, such as quasars and chromospherically active stars, and relates directly to the stability of the SIM reference frame. The following questions concerning the physics of reference frame tie objects will be investigated. What is the origin of optical emission in quasars? Are the optical photo-centers of quasars compact and positionally stable on the micro-arcsecond level? Are binary black hole mergers responsible for quasars? What is (are) the emission mechanism(s) responsible for generating radio emission in chromospherically active stars. What causes the transition of spherically symmetric Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars to asymmetric planetary nebulae (PNe)?. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Johnston, KJ (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4631-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4852 BP 143 EP 151 DI 10.1117/12.460935 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BW45P UT WOS:000182074000013 ER PT J AU Zolin, R Fruchter, R Levitt, RE AF Zolin, R Fruchter, R Levitt, RE TI Realism and control: Problem-based learning programs as a data source for work-related research SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID GROUP PROJECT WORK AB Problem-based learning (PBL) is a pedagogical methodology that presents the learner with a problem to be solved to stimulate and situate learning. This paper presents key characteristics of a problem-based learning environment that determines its suitability as a data source for work-related research studies. To date, little has been written about the availability and validity of PBL environments as a data source and its suitability for work-related research. We describe problem-based learning and use a research project case study to illustrate the challenges associated with industry work samples. We then describe the PBL course used in our research case study and use this example to, illustrate the key attributes of problem-based learning environments and show how the chosen PBL environment met the work-related research requirements of the research case study. We propose that the more realistic the PBL work context and work group composition, the better the PBL environment as a data source for a work-related research. The work context is more realistic when relevant and complex project-based problems are tackled in industry-like work conditions over longer time frames. Work group composition is more realistic when participants with industry-level education and experience enact specialized roles in different disciplines within a professional community. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Marina, CA 93933 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Marina, CA USA. RP Zolin, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, POB 433, Marina, CA 93933 USA. EM rvzolin@nps.navy.mil OI Levitt, Raymond/0000-0001-8222-6967 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DUBLIN PA DUBLIN INST TECHNOLOGY, BOLTON ST, DUBLIN, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 2003 VL 19 IS 6 BP 788 EP 798 PG 11 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 767QP UT WOS:000188464400003 ER PT J AU Begley, MR Ambrico, JM AF Begley, MR Ambrico, JM TI Channel cracking during thermal cycling of thin film multi-layers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article DE creep; cyclic temperatures; feature size; fracture; multilayer; ratcheting AB This paper describes mechanisms that can lead to film channel cracking, even in scenarios when layer thickness is small. Computational models are used to illustrate conditions that lead to the introduction Of channel cracks and their subsequent cycle- or time-dependent propagation. Results for elastic structures with periodic features are briefly reviewed to illustrate that small low-modulus sections promote cracking in adjacent layers because they allow for the release of strain energy in adjacent sections with high residual stress. Inelastic deformation in layers adjacent to the cracked layer may also act to increase the channel crack driving force, by allowing for increasing displacements that serve to release strain energy. Two inelastic mechanisms form the primary focus in this effort: rate-independent plasticity and creep. Analyses of a cracked film on an elastic-plastic layer reveal pronounced cyclic displacements (as known as ratcheting) when the misfit thermal strain amplitude in the ductile layer exceeds twice its yield strain. Similar behavior occurs in cracked films oil layers susceptible to creep. Simulations are presented for both isolated cracks and periodic arrays of cracks, and illustrate that the likelihood of cracking grows dramatically with time. In both inelastic regimes, the upper limit on deformation is dictated by the residual stress in the elastic layer and the substrate dimensions. These results are discussed in the context of analytical models developed elsewhere and potential experiments. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Civil Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Begley, MR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Civil Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM beglev@virginia.edu NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PY 2003 VL 119 IS 4-2 BP 325 EP 338 DI 10.1023/A:1024915510009 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 715DU UT WOS:000184955900003 ER PT J AU Alfonzo, CA Bobo, WV Almond, MD AF Alfonzo, CA Bobo, WV Almond, MD TI Not a usual suspect; Rabeprazole therapy presenting as a severe neuropsychiatric illness: Case report SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE rabeprazole; proton pump inhibitors; neuropsychological; neuropsychiatric; adverse effects; somatoform ID PROTON-PUMP INHIBITORS AB We report the case of a patient who, as a result of exposure to the proton pump inhibitor rabeprazole, developed a severe and disabling admixture of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Because of its widely appreciated placebo-like side effect profile, rabeprazole was never suspected as being the cause of his symptoms. Instead, a somatoform spectrum disorder was assigned based on the patient's atypical symptom presentation, progressive course, subjective psychological distress, intemperate consumption of healthcare resources over a relatively brief period of time and lack of any medical explanation for his symptoms at that time, despite exhaustive laboratory and radiologic work-ups. This case report reinforces the notion that even a medication such as rabeprazole, with an established safety and tolerability profile, may be associated with side effects severe enough to mimic disabling neuropsychiatric illness. C1 USN, Air Stn, Branch Med Clin, Jacksonville, FL USA. Naval Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. Naval Aerosp Med Inst, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Alfonzo, CA (reprint author), 1833 Weston Circle, Orange Pk, FL 32003 USA. EM caamdusn@wmconnect.com NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BAYWOOD PUBL CO INC PI AMITYVILLE PA 26 AUSTIN AVE, AMITYVILLE, NY 11701 USA SN 0091-2174 J9 INT J PSYCHIAT MED JI Int. J. Psychiatr. Med. PY 2003 VL 33 IS 3 BP 311 EP 315 DI 10.2190/KX4X-UFK5-60KL-WD2G PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 807CE UT WOS:000220478800009 PM 15089012 ER PT S AU De Long, HC Trulove, PC Sutto, TE AF De Long, HC Trulove, PC Sutto, TE BE Rodgers, RD Seddon, KR TI The use of ionic liquids in polymer gel electrolytes SO IONIC LIQUIDS AS GREEN SOLVENTS: PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids as Green Solvents held at the 224th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Chem Soc ID CONDUCTIVITY AB Polymer gel electrolytes composed of 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-alkylimidazolium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonylimide (alkyl = propyl or butyl) and polyvinylidenedifluoro-hexafluoropropylene are characterized by ac-impedance and cyclic voltammetry. Two electrode charge-discharge experiments were also performed using graphitic paper or Li metal as the anode, and polymer composites of LiMn2O4, LiCoO2, or V2O5 as cathodes. Results indicated that the polymer composite gel electrolytes were stable for over 50 cycles when used in direct contact with Li metal. High efficiencies and low voltage drop-offs indicate that polymer gel composite electrodes composed of these ionic liquids are a viable alternative to the more common organic solvent electrolytes. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. USN, Res Lab, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP De Long, HC (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, 801 Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3856-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 856 BP 478 EP 494 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BX54Z UT WOS:000185657400038 ER PT B AU Yun, XP Lizarraga, M Bachmann, ER McGhee, RB AF Yun, XP Lizarraga, M Bachmann, ER McGhee, RB GP IEEE IEEE TI An improved quaternion-based Kalman filter for real-time tracking of rigid body orientation SO IROS 2003: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 27-31, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Soc Instruments & Control Engineers, New Technol Fdn DE Kalman filtering; quaternions; motion tracking; orientation; Gauss-Newton method; accelerometers; magnetometers; and angular rate sensors ID VECTOR OBSERVATIONS; ATTITUDE AB This paper presents an improved Kalman filter for real-time tracking of human body motions (see video). An earlier version of the filter was presented at IROS 2001. Since then, the filter has been substantially improved. Real-time tracking of rigid body orientation is accomplished using the MARG (Magnetic, Angular Rate, and Gravity) sensors. A MARG sensor measures the three-dimensional local magnetic field, three-dimensional angular rate, and three dimensional acceleration. A Kalman filter is designed to process measurements provided by the MARG sensors, and to produce real-time orientation represented in quaternions. There are many design decisions as related to choice of state vectors, output equations, process model, etc. The filter design presented in this paper utilizes the Gauss-Newton method for parameter optimization in conjunction with Kalman filtering. The use of the Gauss-Newton method, particularly the reduced-order implementation introduced in the paper, significantly simplifies the Kalman filter design, and reduces computational requirements. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7860-1 PY 2003 BP 1074 EP 1079 PG 6 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BY14F UT WOS:000187883300174 ER PT B AU Fong, EHL Adams, W Crabbe, FL Schultz, AC AF Fong, EHL Adams, W Crabbe, FL Schultz, AC GP IEEE IEEE TI Representing a 3-D environment with a 2 1/2-D map structure SO IROS 2003: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 27-31, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Soc Instruments & Control Engineers, New Technol Fdn ID MOBILE ROBOTS; GRIDS AB This paper explores the development of a two and one-half dimensional (2(1)/(2)-D) map structure to provide an autonomous mobile robot with a more three-dimensional (3-D) model of its environment than those afforded by current map structures. The 2(1)/(2)-D map structure was created by modifying the widely used evidence grid to store a height, along with a probability value, in each cell location to record the varying elevations of a 3-D environment. Results show that this map structure is capable of providing an autonomous mobile robot with a representation of a limited 3-D environment that will allow it to perform obstacle detection, path planning, and to an extent, localization. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fong, EHL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7860-1 PY 2003 BP 2986 EP 2991 PG 6 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BY14F UT WOS:000187883300484 ER PT B AU Ceruti, MG Rubin, SH AF Ceruti, MG Rubin, SH GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Dynamic three-value logic in decentralized time-critical domains SO ISADS 2003: SIXTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AUTONOMOUS DECENTRALIZED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems CY APR 09-11, 2003 CL PISA, ITALY SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Informat Proc Soc Japan, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers Japan, EIC, AICA DE data fusion; decentralized systems; heterogeneous systems; three-value logic; sensors; time-critical targets AB This paper describes conceptual work in dynamic three-value logic with a view toward applications in decentralized time-critical domains, such as a sensor field. The completeness and computability of 3VLs also are discussed, including an algorithm to illustrate the use of heuristics. The military services deploy systems of heterogeneous sensors to detect and classify platforms. The paper provides a brief overview of the heterogeneous, decentralized sensor field used for military target classification as hostile, neutral or friendly. In an example, three-value logic is used to characterize the movement of a ship through a sensor field in terms of relevance and conclusiveness of the aggregate of sensor information. The paper concludes with a discussion of directions for future research and development. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Ceruti, MG (reprint author), USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Code 24121,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1876-1 PY 2003 BP 131 EP 138 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BW51Q UT WOS:000182252500017 ER PT S AU Agrawal, BN Romano, M Martinez, T AF Agrawal, BN Romano, M Martinez, T BE Vadali, SR Mortari, D TI Three-axis attitude simulators for bifocal relay mirror spacecraft SO JOHN L. JUNKINS ASTRODYNAMICS SYMPOSIUM SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT John L Junkins Astrodynamics Symposium CY MAY 23-24, 2003 CL TEXAS A& M UNIV, COLL STN, TX HO TEXAS A& M UNIV ID ACQUISITION; TRACKING AB This paper presents two three-axis attitude control simulators developed at the Naval Postgraduate School for developing and validating acquisition, tracking, and pointing technologies for Bifocal Relay Mirror Spacecraft. The spacecraft consists of two optically coupled telescopes used to redirect the laser light from ground-based, aircraft-based or spacecraft-based sources to distant points on the earth or in space. The first attitude control simulator, Single Relay Mirror Spacecraft Simulator, can simulate spacecraft three-axis motion, and optical system simulating a single space telescope. The spacecraft bus simulator has three reaction wheels and thrusters as actuators, rate gyros, sun sensors, on board processors, batteries, and is supported on a spherical air bearing. The optical system consists of a laser source, a fast steering mirror, a jitter sensor, and a video camera as a tracking sensor. The paper presents design of the simulator and experimental results. The second three-axis attitude control simulator, Bifocal Relay Mirror Spacecraft Simulator, under development, provides higher agility and higher pointing performance and simulates two space telescopes. The spacecraft bus simulator is supported on a spherical air bearing and has three variable speed control moment gyros (CMGs), three fiber optic rate sensors, batteries, on-board processor, sun sensors, magnetometers, highly accurate attitude sensors simulating star trackers, and automatic balancing. The flexible simulators are also included to study flexibility effects. The optical payload consists of two space telescopes with fast steering mirrors, tracking sensors, and jitter and beam pointing controllers. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, NPS, AFL,Opt Relay Mirror Spacecraft Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Agrawal, BN (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, NPS, AFL,Opt Relay Mirror Spacecraft Lab, 699 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-505-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 115 BP 179 EP 192 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BY08S UT WOS:000187552100009 ER PT S AU Creamer, G Pipitone, F Gilbreath, C Bird, D Hollander, S AF Creamer, G Pipitone, F Gilbreath, C Bird, D Hollander, S BE Vadali, SR Mortari, D TI NRL technologies for autonomous inter-space rendezvous and proximity operations SO JOHN L. JUNKINS ASTRODYNAMICS SYMPOSIUM SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT John L Junkins Astrodynamics Symposium CY MAY 23-24, 2003 CL TEXAS A& M UNIV, COLL STN, TX HO TEXAS A& M UNIV AB This paper describes the technologies currently under development at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) for autonomous relative navigation, inspection, and optical communication during inter-spacecraft rendezvous and proximity operations. These technologies consist of a structured light range imaging device for close proximity 3-dimensional target surface mapping, a high-speed software operator for close proximity target feature recognition and pose estimation, a mini-radar transponder for inter-spacecraft radio detection and navigation, and a solid-state modulating retroreflector for inter-spacecraft optical detection, navigation, and communication. The first three technologies are applicable to both cooperative and non-cooperative target platforms, whereas the fourth technology requires a minimal level of target cooperation. Additionally, NRL's new dual-platform autonomous relative navigation and control facility is described. This facility consists of two independent 6 degree-of-freedom mechanical robotic platforms operating over a large workspace, allowing hardware-in-the-loop and software-in-the-loop three-dimensional replication of close proximity operations under realistic dynamic conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Creamer, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8231,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-505-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 115 BP 233 EP 250 PG 18 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BY08S UT WOS:000187552100013 ER PT J AU Dutta, I AF Dutta, I TI Creep in multi-component materials systems SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Composites Thin Films & Interfaces Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 55 IS 1 BP 14 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s11837-003-0186-8 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 635RQ UT WOS:000180413300004 ER PT J AU Dutta, I Peterson, KA Park, C AF Dutta, I Peterson, KA Park, C TI Interfacial creep in multi-component material systems SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; DIFFUSIONAL CREEP; COPPER-FILMS; STRESS AB Large shear stresses may develop at interfaces between dissimilar materials during thermo-mechanical excursions when there is a significant difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between them. Most typically, these shear stresses are confined to the extremities of one of the components, such as fiber ends in a composite or the edges of a thin film on a substrate. However when the dimensions of the components are small, these shear stresses may prevail over a large area fraction of the total interface. Under appropriate thermal-mechanical conditions, the interface may slide via diffusional processes, thereby accommodating relative dimensional changes between the phases. This article presents experiments to determine the kinetics and mechanism of interfacial creep, along with evidence of this phenomenon in metal-matrix composites, thin films on substrates, and interconnect structures in microelectronic devices. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 55 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s11837-003-0192-x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 635RQ UT WOS:000180413300009 ER PT J AU Frazier, WE AF Frazier, WE TI High-strength, corrosion-resistant aerospace aluminum alloys SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Frazier, WE (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 55 IS 1 BP 44 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s11837-003-0193-9 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 635RQ UT WOS:000180413300010 ER PT J AU Es-Said, OS Frazier, WE Lee, EW AF Es-Said, OS Frazier, WE Lee, EW TI The effect of retrogression and reaging on the properties of the 7249 aluminum alloy SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STRESS-CORROSION; FORGINGS AB The retrogression and reaging (RRA) heat-treatment process and recent developments in high-strength 7xxx series aluminum alloys are summarized in this article. The results of experimental work indicate that RRA 7249 aluminum has the strength equivalent to or greater than 7249-T6 and superior corrosion resistance. This work is the result of collaborative efforts between the U.S. Navy and Loyola Marymount University. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Met & Ceram Branch, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Es-Said, OS (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 7900 Loyola Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 55 IS 1 BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s11837-003-0194-8 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 635RQ UT WOS:000180413300011 ER PT J AU Connolly, BJ Deffenbaugh, KL Koul, MG Moran, AL AF Connolly, BJ Deffenbaugh, KL Koul, MG Moran, AL TI Environmentally assisted crack growth rates of high-strength aluminum alloys SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The scope of this project is to evaluate the environmentally, assisted long crack growth behavior of candidate high-strength aluminum alloys/tempers, specifically AA7150-T7751 and AA7040-T7651, for consideration as viable replacements/refurbishment for stress corrosion cracking in susceptible AA7075-T6 aircraft components found in aging aircraft systems. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21012 USA. RP Moran, AL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Dr, Annapolis, MD 21012 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 55 IS 1 BP 49 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s11837-003-0195-7 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 635RQ UT WOS:000180413300012 ER PT J AU Sahin, M Sankar, LN Chandrasekhara, MS Tung, C AF Sahin, M Sankar, LN Chandrasekhara, MS Tung, C TI Dynamic stall alleviation using a deformable leading edge concept - A numerical study SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 10-15, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronatu & Astronaut ID AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE; AIRFOIL; ROTORS AB Dynamic stall calculations were carried out for an airfoil with a dynamically deformed leading-edge (DDLE) shape at a freestream Mach number of 0.3. The surface deformations were done about a baseline NACA 0012 airfoil, effectively increasing the airfoil leading-edge radius and thickness at high angles of attack. It was found that the DDLE airfoil had a slightly dynamic stall behavior compared to the baseline NACA 0012 airfoil. In particular, the lift, drag, and pitching-moment hysteresis loops were,milder for the DDLE airfoil compared to the baseline airfoil. It was also found that a static shape that corresponds to the thickest deformed shape performed just as well as the DDLE shape, indicating that the shape itself, and not its time rate of change, was the reason for the improved performance. At higher Mach numbers around 0.4, the DDLE shape exhibited a strong dynamic stall triggered by a shock-induced separation, offsetting any benefit from the change in the shape of the airfoil. Additional work is needed on the development of DDLE shapes that will perform well at higher speeds. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Sahin, M (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. OI SAHIN, Mehmet/0000-0001-6502-2209 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.2514/2.3060 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 646ML UT WOS:000181038800012 ER PT J AU Stokes, DW Forrest, RL Li, JH Moss, SC Nosho, BZ Bennett, BR Whitman, LJ Goldenberg, M AF Stokes, DW Forrest, RL Li, JH Moss, SC Nosho, BZ Bennett, BR Whitman, LJ Goldenberg, M TI Lateral composition modulation in InAs/GaSb superlattices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SHORT-PERIOD SUPERLATTICES; LAYER ORDERING PROCESS; QUANTUM-WIRE HETEROSTRUCTURES; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; FREE SOLID FILMS; MORPHOLOGICAL INSTABILITY; STRAINED LAYERS; STEP ENERGIES; GROWTH; STABILITY AB We report the analysis of lateral composition modulation in (InAs)(m)/(GaSb)(m) superlattices by x-ray diffraction. Vertical and lateral satellite peaks for a 140 period structure were observed. The lateral modulation wavelength, average superlattice composition, and vertical superlattice wavelength were determined. The lateral modulation was observed only along one in-plane direction resulting in quantum wire-like structures along the [1 (1) over bar0] direction. The unconventional structure of the lateral composition modulation, in which the stacking of the layers leads to a doubling of the vertical superlattice period, is discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Stokes, DW (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 1 BP 311 EP 315 DI 10.1063/1.1529291 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 628NN UT WOS:000180002500050 ER PT J AU Yang, HS Holloway, PH Ratna, BB AF Yang, HS Holloway, PH Ratna, BB TI Photoluminescent and electroluminescent properties of Mn-doped ZnS nanocrystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ZINC-SULFIDE NANOCRYSTALS; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMER; HOLE-INJECTION; WORK FUNCTION; NANOPARTICLES; INTERFACE; ELECTRON; EMISSION AB ZnS:Mn nanocrystals with sizes between 3 and 4 nm were synthesized via a competitive reaction chemistry method, where the surface capping organic species (p-thiocresol) is used as an inhibitor of the crystal growth. The x-ray diffraction and photoluminescent (PL) properties of ZnS: Mn bulk and nanocrystals were compared. A direct current electroluminescent (EL) device having a hybrid organic/inorganic multilayer structure, indium tin oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS)/PVK/ZnS:Mn NC/Al, was tested. In this multilayer EL device structure, the PEDOT-PSS leads to enhanced hole injection, while the poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) serves as a passivation layer between the PEDOT-PSS and nanocrystal layers. Electron-hole recombination was not confined to the ZnS: Mn nanocrystal layer, but also occurred in the PVK layer. The result was emission from both the blue-emitting PVK and yellow-emitting ZnS: Mn nanocrystals. The EL emission spectrum was dependent upon the voltage, showing an increasing ratio of PVK emission to nanocrystal emission with increased voltage. The dependence of PL and EL emissions on Mn concentration (0.40 to 2.14 mol %) is also reported. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, HS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 24 TC 155 Z9 159 U1 3 U2 60 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 1 BP 586 EP 592 DI 10.1063/1.1529316 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 628NN UT WOS:000180002500090 ER PT J AU Wang, DW Hwang, PA AF Wang, DW Hwang, PA TI Higher Fourier harmonics of the directional distribution of an equilibrium wave field under steady wind forcing SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN SURFACE-WAVES; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; NUMBER SPECTRA; EVOLUTION AB Recently, directional wave spectra have been obtained by applying the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D FFT) to the three-dimensional spatial topography of ocean surface waves collected by an airborne scanning laser ranging system during a quasi-equilibrium wind wave condition. The directional distributions show that most wave energy at wavenumbers larger than the peak wavenumber is in two sidelobes at directions symmetrically located about the wind direction. Presented in this study is an analysis of the Fourier harmonics derived from decomposition of the measured bimodal directional distributions. The similarity properties of the Fourier coefficients are analyzed. A nonlinear function is proposed to represent the similarity relation. A bimodal directional distribution model in the form of Fourier series expansion consisting of the first eight Fourier harmonics is developed. Application of this model to extend the directional distribution of buoy measurements is demonstrated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wang, DW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 20 IS 1 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<0217:HFHOTD>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 633KR UT WOS:000180282900016 ER PT J AU Priebe, CE Marchette, DJ DeVinney, JG Socolinsky, DA AF Priebe, CE Marchette, DJ DeVinney, JG Socolinsky, DA TI Classification using class cover catch digraphs SO JOURNAL OF CLASSIFICATION LA English DT Article DE classification; random graph; class cover; prototype selection AB We present a semiparametric mixture methodology for classification which involves modelling the class-conditional discriminant regions via collections of balls. The number, location, and size of the balls are determined adaptively through consideration of dominating sets for class cover catch digraphs based on proximity between training observations. Performance comparisons are presented on synthetic and real examples versus k-nearest neighbors, Fisher's linear discriminant and support vector machines. We demonstrate that the proposed semiparametric classifier has performance approaching that of the optimal parametric classifier in cases for which the optimal is available for comparison. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Math Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Ctr Comp Sci, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. Equinox Corp, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Priebe, CE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Math Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Priebe, Carey E./A-3305-2010 NR 34 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0176-4268 J9 J CLASSIF JI J. Classif. PY 2003 VL 20 IS 1 BP 3 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s00357-003-0003-7 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Psychology, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Psychology GA 680KG UT WOS:000182976000001 ER PT J AU Uberall, H Bardo, RD Stoyanov, AJ AF Uberall, H Bardo, RD Stoyanov, AJ TI The scattering of radar pulses from wires: Interpretation of multiple returns SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Exact calculations of the scattering of radar pulses from a perfectly conducting wire, employing the Einarsson expression for the wire scattering amplitude, have indicated (Y. Guo, Ph.D. thesis, Catholic University, Washington, DC) the appearance of multiple return pulses, related to back-and-forth reflections of traveling waves along the wire. These reflections give rise to resonances in the scattering amplitude. We here show, using a method devised by Werby for an analogous acoustic scattering problem, that the set of resonances can be mathematically related to the appearance of pulsed multiple returns, hereby providing an alternate, simplified approach to the study of traveling wave pulses and their generating of return pulses in radar scattering from wires. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20815 USA. Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Uberall, H (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20815 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5071 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 3 BP 465 EP 478 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 698MX UT WOS:000184004300006 ER PT J AU Morgan, MA AF Morgan, MA TI Electromagnetic holography on cylindrical surfaces using k-space transformations SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Morgan, MA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5071 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1587 EP 1588 DI 10.1163/156939303772681433 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 758MD UT WOS:000187637100005 ER PT J AU Taylor, D Loschialpo, P AF Taylor, D Loschialpo, P TI Imaging of helical surface wave modes in the near field SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB A K-space technique that has proven successful for analyzing acoustic fields is applied to electromagnetic fields in the very near reactive region. In cylindrical coordinates the K- space spectrum describes helical wave modes on a fixed radius cylindrical surface that represent either propagating and evanescent mode energy. When this surface encloses a radiating or scattering object the resulting K-space decomposition reveals information about the physics of the wave-object interaction. Originally applied to the scalar wave equations of acoustics this method has been adapted to the vector wave equations encountered in electromagnetics. Here, the K-space decomposition is applied to the near electric and magnetic fields generated by a plane wave scattered from a perfectly conducting, finite length cylinder. We numerically simulate electromagnetic fields scattered from cylinders with a smooth surface and a surface with periodic grooves to illustrate the ability of the K-space method to differentiate between propagating and evanescent modal energy. Features in the K-space spectrum that impact the far field bi-static scattering cross section are identified to provide the link between the near field analysis and far field cross section. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taylor, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5071 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1593 EP 1604 DI 10.1163/156939303772681451 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 758MD UT WOS:000187637100007 ER PT J AU Goldman, ER Hayhurst, A Lingerfelt, BM Iverson, BL Georgiou, G Anderson, GP AF Goldman, ER Hayhurst, A Lingerfelt, BM Iverson, BL Georgiou, G Anderson, GP TI 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene detection using recombinant antibodies SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID PHAGE-DISPLAYED PEPTIDES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PERIPLASMIC EXPRESSION; FILAMENTOUS PHAGE; VARIABLE DOMAINS; FRAGMENTS; AFFINITY; LIBRARY; IMMUNOSENSOR; REPERTOIRES AB The ability to detect low levels of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene ( TNT) in aqueous samples is important due to the toxicity of both TNT and its breakdown products. We have been characterizing recombinant anti-TNT antibodies isolated from the Griffin library of phage displayed scFvs by selection for binders to the TNT-surrogate 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TNB) coupled to the protein bovine serum albumin. Two candidate antibody fragments, TNB1 and TNB2, were isolated and evaluated by ELISA for their ability to bind to TNB coupled to the protein ovalbumin. Competition ELISA was then used to demonstrate antibody fragment binding to TNT in solution and to examine cross-reactivity towards several TNT-related compounds and other explosives. Both recombinant antibody fragments were incorporated into a continuous flow assay for the detection of TNT. TNB2, the best single chain antibody, showed a limit of detection of 1 ng ml(-1), comparable to a commercially available anti-TNT antibody in the same assay format. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Mol & Cellular Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Bioresource Dev, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Goldman, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011; OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893; Hayhurst, Andrew/0000-0003-4612-8707 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL66880-02] NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 3 BP 380 EP 383 DI 10.1039/b302012f PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682KW UT WOS:000183091600006 PM 12833979 ER PT J AU Urbansky, ET Brown, SK AF Urbansky, ET Brown, SK TI Perchlorate retention and mobility in soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETRY ESI-MS; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHLORIDE; NITRATE; PLANTS; CHARGE; QUANTITATION; FERTILIZERS; COMPLEXES; EXCHANGE AB Adsorption and release of perchlorate in a variety of soils, minerals, and other media were studied when the solid media were exposed to low and high aqueous solutions of perchlorate salts. Low level ClO4- exposure was investigated by subjecting triplicate 5.0 g portions of a solid medium ( 38 different soils, minerals, or dusts) to 25 mL of an aqueous ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4) solution containing 670 ng mL(-1) (6.8 muM) perchlorate. This corresponds to a perchlorate-to-soil ratio of 3.4 mug g(-1) (34 nmol g(-1)). At this level of exposure, more than 90% of the perchlorate was recovered in the aqueous phase, as determined by ion chromatography. In some cases, more than 99% of the perchlorate remained in the aqueous phase. In some cases, the apparent loss of aqueous perchlorate was not clearly distinguishable from the variation due to experimental error. The forced perchlorate anion exchange capacities (PAECs) were studied by soaking triplicate 5.0 g portions of the solid media in 250 mL of 0.20 M sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) followed by repeated deionized water rinses ( overnight soaks with mixing) until perchlorate concentrations fell below 20 ng mL 21 in the rinse solutions. The dried residua were leached with 15.0 mL of 0.10 M sodium hydroxide. The leachates were analyzed by ion chromatography and the perchlorate concentrations thus found were subsequently used to calculate the PAECs. The measurable PAECs of the insoluble and settleable residua ranged from 4 to 150 nmol g(-1) (mumol kg(-1)), with most in the 20-50 nmol g(-1) range. In some soils or minerals, no sorption was detectable. The mineral bentonite was problematic, however. Overall, the findings support the widely accepted idea that perchlorate does not appreciably sorb to soils and that its mobility and fate are largely influenced by hydrologic and biologic factors. They also generally support the idea that intrasoil perchlorate content is depositional rather than sorptive. On the other hand, sorption ( anion replacement) of perchlorate appears to occur in some soils. Therefore, the measurement of perchlorate in soils requires accounting for ion exchange phenomena; leaching with water alone may give inaccurate results. If perchlorate anion exchange is confirmed to be negligible, then leaching procedures may be simplified accordingly. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Urbansky, ET (reprint author), Naval Air Stn, Joint Oil Anal Program Tech Support Ctr, 85 Millington Ave, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NR 53 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 3 BP 455 EP 462 DI 10.1039/b301125a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682KW UT WOS:000183091600017 PM 12894753 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Stalick, WM Snow, AW AF Wynne, JH Stalick, WM Snow, AW TI Environmentally friendly production of thiobencarb (Bolero) SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE herbicides; pesticides; toxicity; manufacturing ID ELEMENTAL SULFUR; ALKYL AB S-Alkyl thiocarbamates are commercially available and widely used for their herbicidal properties. Despite the numerous methods for synthesizing these compounds, most employ toxic reagents that are harmful to the environment. Within we report a novel efficient one-pot process for the formation of thiobencarb employing readily available reagents. This method makes use of a trichloroacetyl chloride adduct and requires no complex starting materials. Furthermore, this process is efficient, proceeds in high yields, and utilizes several recyclable reagents. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Wynne, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW,Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2003 VL 38 IS 3 BP 275 EP 279 DI 10.1081/PFC-120019894 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 670VN UT WOS:000182430000003 PM 12716045 ER PT J AU Kuz'min, EV Ovchinnikov, SG Singh, DJ AF Kuz'min, EV Ovchinnikov, SG Singh, DJ TI Frustrated antiferromagnetism in the Sr2YRuO6 double perovskite SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-WAVE; HEISENBERG-MODEL; MOTT TRANSITION AB The spins of Ru5+ ions in Sr2YRuO6 form a face-centered cubic lattice with antiferromagnetic nearest neighbor interaction J approximate to 25 meV. The antiferromagnetic structure of the first type experimentally observed below the Neel temperature T-N = 26 K corresponds to four frustrated spins of 12 nearest neighbors. In the Heisenberg model in the spin-wave approximation, the frustrations already cause instability of the antiferromagnetic state at T = 0 K. This state is stabilized by weak anisotropy D or exchange interaction I with the next-nearest neighbors. Low D/J similar to I/J similar to 10(-3) values correspond to the experimental T-N and sublattice magnetic moment values. (C) 2003 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Kirenskii Inst Phys, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Kirenskii Inst Phys, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. EM sgo@iph.krasn.ru RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7761 EI 1090-6509 J9 J EXP THEOR PHYS+ JI J. Exp. Theor. Phys. PY 2003 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1124 EP 1130 DI 10.1134/1.1591224 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 699CV UT WOS:000184039100014 ER PT J AU Liao, DC AF Liao, DC TI Management of acne SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID ADAPALENE 0.1-PERCENT GEL; BENZOYL PEROXIDE GEL; DOUBLE-BLIND; TRETINOIN GEL; RETINOIC ACID; VULGARIS; ISOTRETINOIN; MULTICENTER; SAFETY; ERYTHROMYCIN AB Precise classification methods are used to define acne according to type (comedonal, papulopustular, or nodular) and severity. The relative effectiveness of several topical and systemic agents has been established in clinical trials, making possible an algorithm of specific treatment decisions based on acne classification. C1 USN Hosp, Irvine, CA USA. RP Liao, DC (reprint author), USN Hosp, Camp Pendleton, Irvine, CA USA. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN PUBLISHING CORP PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 52 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 PG 9 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 640BG UT WOS:000180665800013 PM 12540312 ER PT J AU Schultz, MP Volino, RJ AF Schultz, MP Volino, RJ TI Effects of concave curvature on boundary layer transition under high freestream turbulence conditions SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FREE-STREAM TURBULENCE; GORTLER VORTICES AB An experimental investigation has been carried out on a transitional boundary layer subject to high (initially 9%) freestream turbulence, strong acceleration (K =(V/U-w(2)) W X(dU(w)/dx) as high as 9 X10(-6)), and strong concave curvature (boundary layer thickness between 2% and 5% of the wall radius of curvature). Mean and fluctuating velocity as well as turbulent shear stress are documented and compared to results from equivalent cases on a flat wall and a wall with milder concave curvature. The data show that curvature does have a significant effect, moving the transition location upstream, increasing turbulent transport, and causing skin friction to rise by as much as 40%. Conditional sampling results are presented which show that the curvature effect is present in both the turbulent and nonturbulent zones of the transitional flow. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schultz, MP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008; Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2003 VL 125 IS 1 BP 18 EP 27 DI 10.1115/1.1522410 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 642DW UT WOS:000180789800003 ER PT J AU Volino, RJ Schultz, MP Pratt, CM AF Volino, RJ Schultz, MP Pratt, CM TI Conditional sampling in a transitional boundary layer under high freestream turbulence conditions SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FREE-STREAM TURBULENCE; INTERMITTENCY TRANSPORT-EQUATION; BYPASS TRANSITION; HEAT-TRANSFER; FLOW; BEHAVIOR; MODEL AB Conditional sampling has been performed on data from a transitional boundary layer subject to high (initially 9%) freestream turbulence and strong (K = (v/U-infinity(2))(dU(infinity)/dx) as high as 9 X 10(-6)) acceleration. Methods for separating the turbulent and nonturbulent zone data based on the instantaneous streamwise velocity and the turbulent shear stress were tested and found to agree. Mean velocity profiles were clearly different in the turbulent and nonturbulent zones, and skin friction coefficients were as much as 70% higher in the turbulent zone. The streamwise fluctuating velocity, in contrast, was only about 10% higher in the turbulent zone. Turbulent shear stress differed by an order of magnitude, and eddy viscosity was three to four times higher in the turbulent zone. Eddy transport in the nonturbulent zone was still significant, however and the nonturbulent zone did not behave like a laminar boundary layer. Within each of the two zones there was considerable self-similarity from the beginning to the end of transition. This may prove useful for future modeling efforts. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008; Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2003 VL 125 IS 1 BP 28 EP 37 DI 10.1115/1.521957 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 642DW UT WOS:000180789800004 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN AF Kostoff, RN TI Role of technical literature in science and technology development and exploitation SO JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Utilization of the technical literature in the complete science and technology (S&T) development cycle is examined. Ready access to the results of all global research performed is required in order to: (1) track research impacts, to help identify benefits arising from sponsored research; (2) evaluate science and technology programs; (3) avoid research duplication; (4) identify promising research directions and opportunities; (5) perform myriad oversight tasks; and, in general, (6) support every step of a strategic research planning/selection/management/evaluation process that makes optimal use of S&T investment resources. In addition, recent counter-terrorism concerns have highlighted the need for ready access to, and analysis of, databases that could link people with institutions and activities. In the S&T arena, this requires linking research performers with organizations, countries and technical areas. There are five necessary conditions for ready access to, and exploitation of, the global technical literature: (1) content - the research results need to be documented comprehensively; (2) dissemination - the research results need to be easily available to a wide audience; (3) extraction - high-quality information extraction methods are required; (4) utilization - the research results need to be integrated into the strategic S&T management process; and (5) motivation. The technical community needs to be motivated to use the global technical literature for planning, selection, management, review and transition. All five conditions have severe limitations today. These limitations are described, and recommendations for overcoming them are presented. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0165-5515 J9 J INF SCI JI J. Inf. Sci. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 3 BP 223 EP 228 DI 10.1177/01655515030293010 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 708NM UT WOS:000184574400010 ER PT J AU Hartley, J Kostoff, RN AF Hartley, J Kostoff, RN TI How useful are 'key words' in scientific journals? SO JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE periodicals; articles; indexing; information retrieval; relevance; science and technology AB In this article we consider the generation, use and value of key words in research articles designed to help readers, writers, indexers and abstractors locate related information, and we also present some suggestions for future practice. C1 Univ Keele, Dept Psychol, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Hartley, J (reprint author), Univ Keele, Dept Psychol, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0165-5515 J9 J INFORM SCI JI J. Inf. Sci. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 5 BP 433 EP 438 DI 10.1177/01655515030295008 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 740MG UT WOS:000186405700008 ER PT J AU Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Pureza, PC Aggarwal, ID AF Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Pureza, PC Aggarwal, ID TI Effect of heating on the optical loss in the As-Se glass fiber SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE absorption loss; arsenic-selenide glass fiber; electronic absorption; free-carrier absorption; multiphonon absorption ID CHALCOGENIDE FIBERS; TEMPERATURE; FABRICATION AB The increase in the optical loss of the IR-transmitting arsenic-selenide glass fiber in the temperature range of 150 degreesC greater than or equal to T greater than or equal to 20 degreesC was investigated. Between the wavelength region of 1.3 and 8 pm, there is a small increase in the loss in which the contribution of free-carrier absorption is small. At high temperature T = 150 degreesC and lambda greater than or equal to 8 mum, both the free-carrier and multiphonon absorption contributed to the total loss. From a practical perspective, the As-Se fiber loss increases only slightly under normal operating temperatures and so can still be used for many applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nguyen, VQ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 21 IS 1 BP 122 EP 126 DI 10.1109/JLT.2003.808662 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 663HN UT WOS:000182000300014 ER PT J AU Maya, EM Snow, AW Shirk, JS Pong, RGS Flom, SR Roberts, GL AF Maya, EM Snow, AW Shirk, JS Pong, RGS Flom, SR Roberts, GL TI Synthesis, aggregation behavior and nonlinear absorption properties of lead phthalocyanines substituted with siloxane chains SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INDIUM PHTHALOCYANINES; ZINC PHTHALOCYANINES; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; OPTICAL LIMITER; METAL-FREE; METALLOPHTHALOCYANINES; NAPHTHALOCYANINES; TEMPERATURE; POLYMERS; GLASSES AB The synthesis and characterization of polysiloxane substituted metal-free and lead phthalocyanines are described. These materials form a class of isotropic liquid phthalocyanines that combine a large nonlinear absorption with an exceptionally large nonlinear thermal refractive effect. These materials effectively couple the nonlinear absorption characteristics of the phthalocyanine (Pc) moiety with the thermorefractive properties typical of siloxanes. The room temperature index of these phthalocyanines can be varied by the choice of the siloxane substituent. Furthermore, the siloxane substituents are effective at inhibiting aggregation of the phthalocyanine rings. The observed aggregation constants in toluene solutions are very small and only a small degree of aggregation is observed even in the pure liquid phthalocyanines. Nonlinear transmission, z-scan, transient absorption and degenerate four-wave mixing studies confirm that the Pb substituted materials possess a broad spectral region of induced absorption with nonlinear absorption coefficients similar to that observed from other lead substituted phthalocyanines. The observed ground state molar absorption coefficients of the siloxy phthalocyanines are somewhat smaller than comparable alkyl substituted phthalocyanines. Taken together, these properties make these materials very useful for practical nonlinear optical applications. The coupling of siloxane chains to the Pc rings represents a promising way to achieve some important properties that are difficult to achieve by other means. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Maya, EM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Maya, Eva Maria/0000-0001-9522-0134 NR 39 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2003 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1603 EP 1613 DI 10.1039/b301566a PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 692LA UT WOS:000183661500022 ER PT J AU Kolel-Veetil, MK Keller, TM AF Kolel-Veetil, MK Keller, TM TI The effects of concentration dilution of cross-linkable diacetylenes on the plasticity of poly(m-carborane-disiloxane-diacetylene)s SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE ELASTOMERS; POLYMERS; D2-META-CARBORANE-SILOXANES; CARBORANE AB Previous studies on poly(m-carborane-disiloxane-diacetylene)s established that the representative polymer 1, having the carborane, disiloxane and diacetylene moieties in a 1: 2: 1 ratio in its repeating monomeric unit, exhibited plastic characteristics at ambient temperature. In this study, the diacetylene-diluted variants of the above system were synthesized and thermally cured to determine their elastomeric properties. The resultant diacetylene-diluted polymer variants 4a, 4b and 4c, where the corresponding ratios of the constituents were 2: 3: 1, 4: 5: 1 and 9: 10: 1, were determined upon curing to possess T-g values of 56 degreesC, 45 degreesC and 35 degreesC, respectively. Even though the diacetylene dilution resulted in the lowering of the T-g values of the new systems, they were still found to possess predominantly plastic characteristics at ambient temperature. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keller, TM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2003 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1652 EP 1656 DI 10.1039/b303751g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 692LA UT WOS:000183661500029 ER PT J AU Berry, AD Stroud, RM Sutto, TE AF Berry, AD Stroud, RM Sutto, TE TI Synthesis and characterization of a nanophase zirconium powder SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; REDUCTION; NANOSCALE; METAL AB The reaction of ZrI4 with LiH in diethyl ether at ambient temperature produced an initial mixture of nanophase zirconium powder and LiI. After removal of most of the LiI by washing with ether, the remaining powder was annealed at 527 degreesC, 600 degreesC, and 650 degreesC. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the annealed samples were consistent with the presence of Zr3O and ZrC. Transmission electron micrographs revealed that most of the sample annealed at 650 degreesC consisted of 6.3 nm particles, although some platelets as large as 100 nm across were present. The zirconium suboxide Zr3O was identified from lattice spacings and ZrC from electron diffraction. In combination with results from elemental analyses, it is concluded that the annealed sample contained 18 wt% ZrC, 44 wt% Zr3O, 9 wt% of a zirconium iodide, and 28 wt% Zr. C1 USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Berry, AD (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2003 VL 13 IS 9 BP 2388 EP 2393 DI 10.1039/b210630b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 713TJ UT WOS:000184874100056 ER PT J AU Symonds, CL AF Symonds, CL TI Jefferson Davis, Confederate President SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Symonds, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 240 EP 240 DI 10.1353/jmh.2003.0078 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 631QT UT WOS:000180179000025 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, D TI Eisenhower: A soldier's life SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 281 EP 283 DI 10.1353/jmh.2003.0065 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 631QT UT WOS:000180179000059 ER PT J AU Wanebo, JE Lonser, RR Glenn, GM Oldfield, EH AF Wanebo, JE Lonser, RR Glenn, GM Oldfield, EH TI The natural history of hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE central nervous system; hemangioblastoma; neoplasm; von Hippel-Lindau disease ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; GERMLINE MUTATIONS; CLINICAL-FEATURES; GROWTH-FACTOR; RADIOSURGERY; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; RECEPTORS; PHENOTYPE; FAMILIES AB Object. The goals of this study were to define the natural history and growth pattern of hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system (CNS) that are associated with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease and to correlate features of hemangioblastomas that are associated with the development of symptoms and the need for treatment. Methods. The authors reviewed serial magnetic resonance images and clinical histories of 160 consecutive patients with VHL disease who harbored CNS hemangioblastomas and serially measured the volumes of tumors and associated cysts. Six hundred fifty-five hemangioblastomas were identified in the cerebellum (250 tumors), brainstem (64 tumors, all of which were located in the posterior medulla oblongata), spinal cord (331 tumors, 96% of which were located in the posterior half of spinal cord), and the supratentorial brain (10 tumors). The symptoms were related to a mass effect. A serial increase in hemangioblastoma size was observed in cerebellar, brainstem, and spinal cord tumors as patients progressed from being asymptomatic to symptomatic and requiring surgery (p < 0.0001). Twenty-one (72%) of 29 symptom-producing cerebellar tumors had an associated cyst, whereas only 28 (13%) of 221 nonsymptomatic cerebellar tumors had tumor-associated cysts (p < 0.0001). Nine (75%) of 12 symptomatic brainstem tumors had associated cysts, compared with only four (8%) of 52 nonsymptomatic brainstem lesions (p < 0.0001). By the time the symptoms appeared and surgery was required, the cyst was larger than the causative tumor; cerebellar and brainstem cysts measured 34 and 19 times the size of their associated tumors at surgery, respectively. Ninety-five percent of symptom-producing spinal hemangioblastomas were associated with syringomyelia. The clinical circumstance was dynamic. Among the 88 patients who had undergone serial imaging for 6 months or longer (median 32 months), 164 (44%) of 373 hemangioblastomas and 37 (67%) of 55 tumor-associated cysts enlarged. No tumors or cysts spontaneously diminished in size. Symptomatic cerebellar and brainstem tumors grew at rates six and nine times greater, respectively, than asymptomatic tumors in the same regions. Cysts enlarged seven (cerebellum) and 15 (brainstem) times faster than the hemangioblastomas causing them. Hemangioblastomas frequently demonstrated a pattern of growth in which they would enlarge for a period of time (growth phase) and then stabilize in a period of arrested growth (quiescent phase). Of 69 patients with documented tumor growth, 18 (26%) harbored tumors with at least two growth phases. Of 160 patients with hemangioblastomas, 34 patients (median follow up 51 months) were found to have 115 new hemangioblastomas and 15 patients new tumor-associated cysts. Conclusions. In this study the authors define the natural history of CNS hemangioblastomas associated with VHL disease. Not only were cysts commonly associated with cerebellar, brainstem, and spinal hemangioblastomas, the pace of enlargement was much faster for cysts than for hemangioblastomas. By the time symptoms appeared, the majority of mass effect-producing symptoms derived from the cyst, rather than from the tumor causing the cyst. These tumors often have multiple periods of tumor growth separated by periods of arrested growth, and many untreated tumors may remain the same size for several years. These characteristics must be considered when determining the optimal timing of screening for individual patients and for evaluating the timing and results of treatment. C1 NINDS, Surg Neurol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Neurosurg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Oldfield, EH (reprint author), NINDS, Surg Neurol Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 5D37, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 48 TC 206 Z9 226 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA UNIV VIRGINIA, 1224 WEST MAIN ST, STE 450, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 0022-3085 J9 J NEUROSURG JI J. Neurosurg. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 98 IS 1 BP 82 EP 94 DI 10.3171/jns.2003.98.1.0082 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 636NY UT WOS:000180463700014 PM 12546356 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Leon, C AF Ngai, KL Leon, C TI A quantitative explanation of the difference between nuclear spin relaxation and ionic conductivity relaxation in superionic glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID NON-ARRHENIUS CONDUCTIVITY; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; IODIDE-SILVER SELENATE; ALKALI OXIDE GLASSES; NA BETA-ALUMINA; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ACTIVATION-ENERGIES; AC CONDUCTIVITY; COUPLING MODEL; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE AB Electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) experimental data represented by either the complex conductivity or the complex electric modulus are macroscopic in nature. In contrast to ECR, nuclear spin relaxation is a more direct probe of ionic movement and from its result we can infer the microscopic dynamics of the ions. Combined studies of ionic motion using ECR and nuclear spin-lattice relaxation (SLR) in several glassy ionic conductors have shown a large difference between the ECR and SLR times. Any theory that attempts to explain quantitatively the difference faces the dilemma of how to compare the SLR time with the ECR time. In this work we use a recent result [Phys. Rev. B 60 (1999) 9396] to find the ion hopping correlation time from the experimental ECR time. Next, we use the coupling model to calculate the SLR time from the ion hopping correlation time. Good agreements are obtained in three glassy ionic conductors and a crystalline ionic conductor. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leon, C (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, Avda Complutense S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843 NR 52 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JAN PY 2003 VL 315 IS 1-2 BP 124 EP 133 AR PII S0022-3093(02)01593-4 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01593-4 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 631JV UT WOS:000180165200015 ER PT J AU Lohrenz, SE Weidemann, AD Tuel, M AF Lohrenz, SE Weidemann, AD Tuel, M TI Phytoplankton spectral absorption as influenced by community size structure and pigment composition SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL-A CONCENTRATION; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; SARGASSO SEA; PATHLENGTH AMPLIFICATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; NATURAL PHYTOPLANKTON; EFFICIENCY FACTORS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AQUATIC PARTICLES; OCEAN COLOR AB Assessments were made of the relative importance of package effects and pigment composition in contributing to variations in spectral absorption in shelf waters off North Carolina during May 1997 and off west Florida during October 1998. Measurements of spectral absorption of size-fractionated particulate material on glass fibre filters were made using two methods, the transmittance-reflectance (T-R) method and the quantitative filter technique (QFT). Spectral absorption of phytoplankton pigments was decomposed into a series of 13 Gaussian absorption bands, and absorption band peak heights were related to concentrations of major pigment classes. Maximum weight-specific pigment absorption coefficients for individual absorption bands (p*(m)) derived from the fit of a hyperbolic tangent function to the data were found to be similar for North Carolina and west Florida shelf waters. The values were used to reconstruct spectral absorption in the absence of pigment packaging, which was then compared to measured absorption to provide an assessment of pigment packaging. Package effects were found to be responsible for up to a 62% reduction in the amplitude of major absorption bands, particularly for samples from low-salinity waters and for populations dominated by larger (>3 mum) phytoplankton. Variations in pigment composition were also found to have an impact, although it was smaller (10-28%), on variations in total absorption. Potential bio-optical applications of the Gaussian decomposition approach include the estimation of pigment concentrations from in situ or remotely sensed ocean colour observations. Alternatively, where pigment concentrations are known, it may be possible to estimate absorption. Successful application of such techniques may necessitate characterizations of coefficients specific to a given region and time. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lohrenz, SE (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, 1020 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. OI Lohrenz, Steven/0000-0003-3811-2975 NR 63 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 7 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 25 IS 1 BP 35 EP 61 DI 10.1093/plankt/25.1.35 PG 27 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 636PH UT WOS:000180464700003 ER PT J AU Maya, EM Snow, AW Buckley, LJ AF Maya, EM Snow, AW Buckley, LJ TI Effect of ortho-methylation on a bis(4-cyanatocumyl)benezene low-dielectric resin SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE structure-property relations; thermosets; cyanate ester; cyanurate; dielectric properties; low-dielectric polymer; ortho-methylation; RTX366 ID MONOMER AB A synthesis procedure for and characterization of a tetra-ortho-methyl substituted three-ringed cyanate ester monomer, 4,4'-[1,3-phenylenebis(1-methylethylidene)]bis[2,6-dimethyl]phenylcyanato, and the corresponding cured resin are described with comparative characterization of the resin analogue without the orthomethyl substitutents. The othro-methylation lowered the dielectric from 2.64 to 2.59 at 1 GHz and from 2.64 to 2.48 GHz at 15 GHz, whereas the tan delta was not significantly affected. Other physical properties also affected included a 40 degreesC decrease in the glass-transition temperature, an increase in the thermal-expansion coefficients, and a reduction in thermogravimetric stability. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Maya, Eva Maria/0000-0001-9522-0134 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 60 EP 67 DI 10.1002/pola.10555 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 628CL UT WOS:000179974500007 ER PT J AU Holcomb, DR Montgomery, DC Carlyle, WM AF Holcomb, DR Montgomery, DC Carlyle, WM TI Analysis of supersaturated designs SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contrasts; factorial designs; screening ID CONSTRUCTION AB Supersaturated designs offer a potentially useful way to investigate many factors with very few experimental runs. These designs are used to investigate m factors with n experimental runs, where m > n - 1. We evaluate several methods for analyzing a broad range of supersaturated designs and provide a basic explanation of these procedures. We show that the contrasts of a supersaturated design follow a permuted multivariate hypergeometric distribution, which may be approximated with a normal distribution. The analysis methods presented are based on methods for unreplicated fractional factorial designs. Two contrast-based analysis methods are presented, and the assumptions of the underlying model are described for a wide range of supersaturated designs. C1 Honeywell Engines & Syst, Phoenix, AZ 85034 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Holcomb, DR (reprint author), Honeywell Engines & Syst, Phoenix, AZ 85034 USA. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 35 IS 1 BP 13 EP 27 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 633GN UT WOS:000180274600002 ER PT J AU Heredia-Langner, A Carlyle, WM Montgomery, DC Borror, CM Runger, GC AF Heredia-Langner, A Carlyle, WM Montgomery, DC Borror, CM Runger, GC TI Genetic algorithms for the construction of D-optimal designs SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE computer-aided design; design of experiments; design optimality; D-optimality ID COMPUTER-AIDED-DESIGN; MIXTURE; MODELS AB Computer-generated designs are useful for situations where standard factorial, fractional factorial or response surface designs cannot be easily employed. Alphabetically-optimal designs are the most widely used type of computer-generated designs, and of these, the D-optimal (or D-efficient) class of designs is extremely popular. D-optimal designs are usually constructed by algorithms that sequentially add and delete points from a potential design by using a candidate set of points spaced over the region of interest. We present a technique to generate D-efficient designs using genetic algorithms (GA). This approach eliminates the need to explicitly consider a candidate set of experimental points and it can be used in highly constrained regions while maintaining a level of performance comparable to more traditional design construction techniques. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Stat & Quantitat Sci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Heredia-Langner, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Stat & Quantitat Sci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 32 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 35 IS 1 BP 28 EP 46 PG 19 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 633GN UT WOS:000180274600003 ER PT J AU Moore, FG Hymer, TC AF Moore, FG Hymer, TC TI Semiempirical method for predicting aerodynamics of trailing-edge flaps SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB An improved semiempirical method has been developed to estimate the static aerodynamics of configurations that use a trailing-edge flap for control. The method is based on deflecting the full aft-located lifting surface by an amount that allows the normal force coefficient to be equal to that generated by the deflected flap. A transfer in pitching moments and a modified axial force coefficient is derived to complete the set of static aerodynamics. The method is derived using theoretical methods that are a part of the 1998 version of the U.S. Naval Surface Warfare Center aeroprediction code and two sets of experimental data. Comparison of the improved method to available data shows that the method gives satisfactory results over the practical range for which trailing-edge flaps are contemplated for use. This practical range is an angle of attack less than 10 deg, Mach number of 2.0 or less, and flap deflections of less than 30 deg. However, additional wind-tunnel data are needed to refine and expand the applicability of the method. The additional wind-tunnel data requirement is particularly true for transonic Mach numbers and for supersonic Mach numbers where the angle of attack and control deflection are of the same sign. C1 Aeropredict Inc, King George, VA 22485 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Missile Syst Engn Branch, Weapons Syst Dept,Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Moore, FG (reprint author), Aeropredict Inc, 9449 Grover Dr,Suite 201, King George, VA 22485 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.2514/2.3913 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 643AG UT WOS:000180839300007 ER PT J AU Simpson, HJ Houston, BH Lin, R AF Simpson, HJ Houston, BH Lin, R TI Laboratory measurements of sound scattering from a buried sphere above and below the critical angle (L) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; SANDY BOTTOM; WATER AB Laboratory measurements of low frequency (1-10 kHz) evanescent wave field scattering from a sphere buried in water-saturated sand was examined. A 60 cm stainless steel sphere was buried just below a sand-water interface and the acoustic backscattering cross section was measured for above and below critical angle geometries. The below critical angle insonification results clearly show significant levels of backscatter from the buried sphere due to evanescent wave insonification at the lower end of the spectrum (1-3.5 kHz). These measurements compare favorably with first principle estimates of the backscattered target strength and with a T-matrix-based numerical model. (C) 2003 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Surface Welf Ctr, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Simpson, HJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7136,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 113 IS 1 BP 39 EP 42 DI 10.1121/1.1523310 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 636YN UT WOS:000180485000003 PM 12558241 ER PT J AU Yang, TC AF Yang, TC TI Motion compensation for adaptive horizontal line array processing SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INVARIANTS; RANGE AB Large aperture horizonial line arrays have small resolution cells and can be used to separate a target signal from an interference signal by array beamforming. High-resolution adaptive array processing can be used to place a null at the interference signal so that the array gain can be much higher than that of conventional beamforming. But these nice features are significantly degraded by the source motion, which reduces the time period under which the environment, can be considered stationary from the array processing point of view. For adaptive array, processing, a large number of data samples are generally required to minimize the variance of the cross-spectral density, or the covariance matrix, between the array elements. For a moving source and interference, the penalty of integrating over a large number of samples is the spread of signal and interference energy to more than one or two eigenvalues. The signal and interference are no longer clearly identified by the eigenvectors and, consequently, the ability to suppress the interference suffers. We show in this paper that the effect of source motion can be compensated for the (signal) beam covariance matrix., thus allowing integration over a large number of data samples without loss in the signal beam power. We employ an equivalent of a rotating coordinate frame to track the signal bearing change and use the waveguide invariant theory to compensate the signal range change by frequency shifting. (C) 2003 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 113 IS 1 BP 245 EP 260 DI 10.1121/1.1528929 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 636YN UT WOS:000180485000025 PM 12558263 ER PT J AU Wang, SP Wang, Q Feingold, G AF Wang, SP Wang, Q Feingold, G TI Turbulence, condensation, and liquid water transport in numerically simulated nonprecipitating stratocumulus clouds SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; MIXED LAYERS; PART I; MODEL; MICROPHYSICS; CONVECTION; STRATUS; PARAMETERIZATION; REPRESENTATION AB Condensation and turbulent liquid water transport in stratocumulus clouds involve complicated interactions between turbulence dynamics and cloud microphysical processes, and play essential roles in defining the cloud structure. This work aims at understanding this dynamical-microphysical interaction and providing information necessary for parameterizations of the ensemble mean condensation rate and turbulent fluxes of liquid water variables in a coupled turbulence-microphysics model. The approach is to simulate nonprecipitating stratocumulus clouds with a coupled large eddy simulation and an explicit bin-microphysical model, and then perform a budget analysis for four liquid water variables: mean liquid water content, turbulent liquid water flux, mean cloud droplet number concentration, and the number density flux. The results show that the turbulence contribution to the mean condensation rate comes from covariance of the integral cloud droplet radius and supersaturation, which enhances condensation in turbulent updrafts and reduces evaporation in the downdrafts. Turbulent liquid water flux results from a close balance between turbulence dynamics and microphysical processes. Consequently, the flux can be parameterized in terms of the common diffusive downgradient formulation, fluxes of conservative thermodynamic variables, the turbulence mixing timescale, and the condensation timescale, which is determined by the droplet spectrum. The results also suggest that the condensation timescale regulates the turbulence fields, as does the number concentration, because it affects the condensation fluctuation, which is highly correlated with the turbulence vertical motion. A saturation adjustment cloud model, which diagnoses liquid water content at its equilibrium level, instantly condenses (evaporates) all available water vapor (liquid water) surplus. Consequently, there is likely to be a systematic difference between the turbulence field resolved with this type of model and that with a supersaturation-based cloud scheme for which a finite condensation timescale applies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 94943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wang, SP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,MS2, Monterey, CA 94943 USA. EM wang@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009 NR 41 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 60 IS 2 BP 262 EP 278 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0262:TCALWT>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 634NV UT WOS:000180347800003 ER PT J AU Allen, DR Nakamura, N AF Allen, DR Nakamura, N TI Tracer equivalent latitude: A diagnostic tool for isentropic transport studies SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN WINTER 1991/92; POLAR VORTEX; EFFECTIVE DIFFUSIVITY; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; OZONE MEASUREMENTS; DATA ASSIMILATION; STRATOSPHERE; ADVECTION; ER-2; RECONSTRUCTION AB Area equivalent latitude based on potential vorticity (PV) is a widely used diagnostic for isentropic transport in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. Here, an alternate method for calculating equivalent latitude is explored, namely, a numerical synthesis of a PV- like tracer from a long-term integration of the advection-diffusion equation on isentropic surfaces. It is found that the tracer equivalent latitude (TrEL) behaves much like the traditional PV equivalent latitude (PVEL) despite the simplified governing physics; this is evidenced by examining the kinematics of the Arctic lower stratospheric vortex. Yet in some cases TrEL performs markedly better as a coordinate for long-lived trace species such as ozone. These instances include analysis of lower stratospheric ozone during the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) campaign and three-dimensional reconstruction of total column ozone during November-December 1999 from fitted ozone-equivalent latitude relationship. It is argued that the improvement is due to the tracer being free from the diagnostic errors and certain diabatic processes that affect PV. The sensitivity of TrEL to spatial and temporal resolution, advection scheme, and driving winds is also examined. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Allen, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7227,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 58 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 60 IS 2 BP 287 EP 304 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0287:TELADT>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 634NV UT WOS:000180347800005 ER PT J AU Mikijelj, B Abe, DK Hutcheon, R AF Mikijelj, B Abe, DK Hutcheon, R TI AlN-based lossy ceramics for high average power microwave devices: performance-property correlation SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Microwave Materials and Their Applications (MMA 2002) CY SEP 01-03, 2002 CL YORK, ENGLAND DE AlN; complex permittivity; hot pressing; lossy ceramics AB AlN matrix-based ceramics were manufactured by hot pressing, with the objective of producing electromagnetically lossy materials in the 0.5-20 GHz region. These materials are designed to replace BeO-SiC lossy ceramics in high average power vacuum electronic devices to control electromagnetic instabilities, increase bandwidth, reduce reflections, and suppress unwanted modes. During the development of the candidate materials, complex permittivity measurements of samples were obtained using complex reflection, transmission, and cavity measurement techniques. Corresponding lossy buttons were bonded into klystron cavities and the resulting resonant frequency and cavity quality-factors were measured and compared with the measured material permittivity. Although trends could be established, the measured complex permittivity was not sufficient to completely predict the material performance in the cavities, due to large changes in cavity field distributions, material anisotropy, or uncharacterized metal-ceramic interface physics. High-power functional test results of AlN- relative to BeO-based materials and elevated temperature complex permittivity data of selected materials are presented. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ceradyne Inc, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Microwave Properties N, Deep River, ON K0J 1P0, Canada. RP Mikijelj, B (reprint author), Ceradyne Inc, 3169 Redhill Ave, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013 NR 7 TC 10 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 2003 VL 23 IS 14 BP 2705 EP 2709 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(03)00146-8 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 718NG UT WOS:000185152600063 ER PT J AU Biswas, AK Zabrocki, LA Mayes, KL Morris-Kukoski, CL AF Biswas, AK Zabrocki, LA Mayes, KL Morris-Kukoski, CL TI Cardiotoxicity associated with intentional ziprasidone and bupropion overdose SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEIZURE AB Background: Ziprasidone (Geodon(R)) and bupropion (Wellbutrin(R)) are medications prescribed for mood and behavior disorders. They have apparently safe cardiac safety profiles in both therapeutic and supra-therapeutic doses. Case Report: A 17-year-old male developed a widened QRS and a prolonged QTc interval following an overdose of ziprasidone and bupropion. He required hospital admission for aggressive cardiac monitoring and antidysrhythmic therapy, stabilizing to baseline by 80 hours post-ingestion. Conclusions: We present a case that underscores the potential cardiotoxicities of these medications. Ziprasidone and bupropion ingestion can be associated with cardiotoxicities that may require several days of aggressive cardiac monitoring and treatment. C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Navy Drug Screening Lab Great Lakes, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Biswas, AK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 J TOXICOL-CLIN TOXIC JI J. Toxicol.-Clin. Toxicol. PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 81 EP 84 DI 10.1081/CLT-120018276 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 652LP UT WOS:000181380900014 ER PT J AU Biswas, AK Zabrocki, LA Mayes, KL Morris-Kukoski, CL AF Biswas, AK Zabrocki, LA Mayes, KL Morris-Kukoski, CL TI Cardiotoxicity associated with intentional ziprasidone and bupropion overdose SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEIZURE AB Background: Ziprasidone and bupropion are medications prescribed for mood and behavior disorders. They have apparently safe cardiac safety profiles in both therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses, but recently the Federal Drug Administration has issued a caution regarding ziprasidone use in combination with other drugs that are known to prolong the QTc interval. Case Report: A 17-year-old male developed a widened QRS and a prolonged QTc interval following an overdose of ziprasidone and bupropion. He required hospital admission for aggressive cardiac monitoring and antidysrhythmic therapy, stabilizing to baseline by 80 hours postingestion. Conclusions: We present a case that underscores the potential cardiotoxicities of these medications. Ziprasidone and bupropion ingestion can be associated with cardiotoxicities that may require several days of aggressive cardiac monitoring and treatment. C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Navy Drug Screening Lab Great Lakes, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Biswas, AK (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 J TOXICOL-CLIN TOXIC JI J. Toxicol.-Clin. Toxicol. PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 101 EP 104 DI 10.1081/CLT-120019121 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 672XU UT WOS:000182549800002 PM 12733844 ER PT J AU Drusinsky, D Shing, MT AF Drusinsky, D Shing, MT TI Monitoring temporal logic specifications combined with time series constraints SO JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Formal Specifications of Computer-Based Systems (FS-CBS 2003) CY APR, 2003 CL Huntsville, AL DE temporal logic; run-time execution monitoring; rapid prototyping; execution-based model checking; real-time systems AB Run-time monitoring of temporal properties and assertions is used for testing and as a component of execution-based model checking techniques. Traditional run-time monitoring however, is limited to observing sequences of pure Boolean propositions. This paper describes tools for observing temporal properties over time series; namely, sequences of propositions with constraints on data value changes over time. Using such Temporal Logic with time Series (TLS), it is possible to monitor important properties such as stability, monotonicity, temporal average and sum values, and temporal min/max values. The specification and monitoring of linear time temporal logic with real-time and time series constraints are supported by the Temporal Rover and the DBRover, which are in-process and remote run-time monitoring tools. The novel TLS extension described in this paper is based on practical experience and feedback provided by NASA engineers after using the DBRover to verify flight code. The paper also presents a novel hybrid approach to verify timing properties in rapid system prototyping that combines the traditional schedulability analysis of the design and the monitoring of timing constraint satisfaction during prototype execution based on a time-series temporal logic. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated with a prototype of the fish farm control system software. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM doron@time-rover.com; shing@nps.navy.mil NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GRAZ UNIV TECHNOLGOY, INST INFORMATION SYSTEMS COMPUTER MEDIA-IICM PI GRAZ PA INFFELDGASSE 16C, GRAZ, A-8010, AUSTRIA SN 0948-695X J9 J UNIVERS COMPUT SCI JI J. Univers. Comput. Sci. PY 2003 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1261 EP 1276 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 958GB UT WOS:000231431600002 ER PT J AU Gaeta, CJ Rieger, H Turcu, ICE Forber, RA Campeau, SM Cassidy, KL Powers, MF Stone, A Maldonado, JR Mrowka, S French, G Naungayan, J Kelsy, C Hark, P Morris, JH Foster, RM Carosella, JC Fleming, D Selzer, F Siegert, H Smith, HI Lim, MH Cheng, Z Burdett, J Gibson, D Whitlock, RR Dozier, CM Newman, DA AF Gaeta, CJ Rieger, H Turcu, ICE Forber, RA Campeau, SM Cassidy, KL Powers, MF Stone, A Maldonado, JR Mrowka, S French, G Naungayan, J Kelsy, C Hark, P Morris, JH Foster, RM Carosella, JC Fleming, D Selzer, F Siegert, H Smith, HI Lim, MH Cheng, Z Burdett, J Gibson, D Whitlock, RR Dozier, CM Newman, DA TI High-power collimated laser-plasma source for proximity x-ray nanolithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA AB A compact laser-produced plasma x-ray source radiates 1 nm x rays with an average power of 24 W in 2pi steradians. The x-ray conversion efficiency is 9% of the laser power delivered on target. The 300 W laser power is generated by a compact diode-pumped, solid-state Nd:YAG laser system. The point source x-ray radiation is collimated with a polycapillary optic to a parallel x-ray beam. The collimated plasma source (CPS) is used to demonstrate proximity x-ray lithography of 100 nm lines with a 16 mum gap between the mask and wafer. The CPS is optimized for integration with an x-ray stepper to provide a complete collimated plasma lithography exposure tool for the manufacture of high-speed GaAs devices. (C) 2003 American Vacuum. Society. C1 JMAR Res Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. SAL Nanolithog Inc, JMAR, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Xray Opt Syst Inc, Albany, NY 12205 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Turcu, ICE (reprint author), JMAR Res Inc, 3956 Sorrento Valley Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 21 IS 1 BP 280 EP 287 DI 10.1116/1.1539070 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 673WU UT WOS:000182603900050 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Marrese-Reading, CM AF Jensen, KL Marrese-Reading, CM TI Emission statistics and the characterization of array current SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference (IVMC-2001) CY AUG 12-16, 2001 CL UNIV CALIFORNIA DAVIS, DAVIS, CALIFORNIA HO UNIV CALIFORNIA DAVIS ID FIELD EMITTER ARRAYS; VACUUM MICROELECTRONICS; RECENT PROGRESS; PERFORMANCE; CATHODES AB The current from an array of field emitters is often dominated by a subset of tips. The impact of processes such as, sputtering damage on the evolution of array current can be estimated based on a hyperbolic tip model if the distribution of the emitters in both work function and apex radius can be approximated. In this work, we describe the characterization of emission under the assumptions that (i) the emission site radii are log-normal distributed and (ii) that the degree to which work-function-increasing adsorbates are present is related. to background pressure. These,assumptions generate statistical factors that may be used to generalize a single tip theory to array current estimates via the statistical hyperbolic model. A derivation of the statistical factors are given and the methodology of the hyperbolic model's application explained. The methodology is then applied to analyze experimental data for molybdenum field emitters coated, with ZrC under development for spacecraft electric propulsion and electrodynamics tethers devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Code 6841, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 21 IS 1 BP 412 EP 417 DI 10.1116/1.1524142 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 673WU UT WOS:000182603900075 ER PT S AU Seely, JF Doron, R Bar-Shalom, A Hudson, LT Stoeckl, C AF Seely, JF Doron, R Bar-Shalom, A Hudson, LT Stoeckl, C BE Kyrala, GA Gauthier, JCJ MacDonald, CA Khounsary, AM TI X-ray emission from laser-generated plasmas recorded by a transmission crystal spectrometer SO LASER-GENERATED AND OTHER LABORATORY X-RAY AND EUV SOURCES, OPTICS, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser-Generated and Other Laboratory X-Ray and EUV Sources, Optics, and Applications CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray spectroscopy; plasma spectroscopy; highly-charged ions ID SPECTRA; MODEL AB A transmission crystal spectrometer was utilized to record the hard x-ray spectra from laser-produced plasmas in the 12 keV to 60 keV energy range and with a resolving power of E/DeltaEcongruent to100. This emission is of interest for the development of hard x-ray backlighters and hot electron diagnostics. Planar foils of U and Pb were irradiated at the OMEGA laser facility by 24 beams (12 on each side of the foil) with no beam smoothing. The spectra typically exhibited a few intense and relatively narrow features in the 12 keV to 22 keV energy range. Initial analysis suggested that these hard x-ray features are inner-shell transitions resulting from L-shell vacancies created by energetic electrons. The observed transition energies were slightly higher than the neutral-atom characteristic x-ray energies, and calculations suggested that the transitions are in the Ni-like or lower ionization stages. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Doron, Ramy/I-2064-2013 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5069-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5196 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1117/12.507170 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY54Y UT WOS:000189405900017 ER PT S AU Bennett, JM AF Bennett, JM BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI How to clean surfaces SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2003 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 22-24, 2003 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO SP AF Off Sci Sci Res, AF Res Lab, AF Directed Energy Directorate, AF Sch Opt, CREOL, FPCE, Univ Cent Florida, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Fraunhofer- Inst Angewandte Opt & Feinmechanik, Pacific NW Natl Lab, OinetiQ HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE cleaning; substrates; contamination; particles AB Various cleaning methods are available depending on the sizes of the parts, mounted or unmounted, and purpose of the cleaning. Dust and other particle contamination affect scattering and act as nuclei for defects in optical coatings. In some cases, these defects can initiate laser damage. Noncontact cleaning methods to eliminate particle contamination include blowing large particles from surfaces with an air bulb, "canned air," or a nitrogen gas jet, for a gentle cleaning and CO2 snow for more aggressive particle removal. Laser assisted particle removal is a new high tech method. A strip coating material applied to the surface and subsequently removed will remove large fresh particles and often fingerprints. Contamination films affect the quality and adherence of optical coatings. These are usually removed (from unmounted optics) by cleaning the surface in a detergent and water bath followed by extensive rinsing and non-contact drying. Alternate methods when immersion in water is not possible are drag wiping, or spraying or squirting organic solvents over the surface. Before cleaning, surfaces must be visually inspected to determine the type and location of the contamination, to decide if cleaning is necessary, and what type of cleaning technique to use. Finally, bad cleaning is much worse than no cleaning! Illustrations of the cleaning methods described above will be given. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Bennett, JM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5163-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5273 BP 195 EP 206 DI 10.1117/12.530002 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BAM08 UT WOS:000222782300025 ER PT J AU Groff, WF O'Neill, J Parlette, EC Domankevitz, Y Ross, EV AF Groff, WF O'Neill, J Parlette, EC Domankevitz, Y Ross, EV TI Use of a variable pulse Nd : YAG laser in treatment of leg telangiectasia SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 09-13, 2003 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP American Soc Laser Med Surg C1 USN, Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Candela Corp, Wayland, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2003 SU 15 MA 88 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 661FK UT WOS:000181880400088 ER PT J AU Spolyar, MM Leach, BC Sturgill, WH Ross, EV AF Spolyar, MM Leach, BC Sturgill, WH Ross, EV TI Use of a long-pulse flashlamp in the treatment of telangiectasia and dyspigmentation SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 09-13, 2003 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP American Soc Laser Med Surg C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2003 SU 15 MA 87 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 661FK UT WOS:000181880400087 ER PT J AU Uebelhoer, NS Paithankar, D Ross, EV AF Uebelhoer, NS Paithankar, D Ross, EV TI Laser treatment of facial acne with a 1450 nm diode laser SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 09-13, 2003 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP American Soc Laser Med Surg C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Candela Corp, Wayland, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2003 SU 15 MA 96 BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 661FK UT WOS:000181880400096 ER PT J AU Smith, EP Winstanley, D Ross, EV AF Smith, EP Winstanley, D Ross, EV TI Modified super long pulse 800 mn diode laser in the treatment of pseudofolliculitis barbae (PFB) in skin types V and VI SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 09-13, 2003 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP American Soc Laser Med Surg C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2003 SU 15 MA 270 BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 661FK UT WOS:000181880400254 ER PT J AU Ackleson, SG AF Ackleson, SG TI Light in shallow waters: A brief research review SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; CORAL-REEFS; OCEAN; DEPTH; SEA; INSTRUMENTS; IMAGERY; ALBEDO; COLOR AB Until recently, optical processes in shallow water, where a large portion of solar photons penetrate to the ocean floor, has received little attention outside of a relatively small number of modeling and remote sensing investigations. In the open ocean, scales of variability in relation to optical attenuation length often permit the treatment of the in-water light field as a one-dimensional, depth-dependent problem. In shallow waters hosting productive benthic ecosystems, such as coral reefs or seagrasses, the in-water light field is often three-dimensional in character. In the past decade, quantitative investigations of benthic optical properties and the resulting shallow-water light field have been conducted, fueled by a variety of new sensors designed specifically to address the shallow water problem. Recent publications, as well as the papers contained in this volume, illustrate the rich diversity and interdisciplinary nature of shallow-water optical problems and highlight important issues that should attract closer attention in the future. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22043 USA. RP Ackleson, SG (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22043 USA. NR 58 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 323 EP 328 PN 2 PG 6 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 664EY UT WOS:000182049800001 ER PT J AU Carder, KL Liu, CC Lee, ZP English, DC Patten, J Chen, FR Ivey, JE Davis, CO AF Carder, KL Liu, CC Lee, ZP English, DC Patten, J Chen, FR Ivey, JE Davis, CO TI Illumination and turbidity effects on observing faceted bottom elements with uniform Lambertian albedos SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW WATERS; MODEL; OCEAN; CALIBRATION AB Aircraft images were collected near Lee Stocking Island (LSI), Bahamas, with wavelike features for bright sand bottoms during times when solar zenith angles were large. The image contrast between leading and trailing wave facets approached a 10-15% difference because of algae accumulations in wave troughs or topographic variations of the bottom. Reflectance contrast for blue light was greater than for red and green wavelengths when algae or detritus was present in the troughs. However, the contrast at green and red wavelengths was greater than at blue wavelengths when caused by the interplay between bottom topography and oblique illumination. A three-dimensional backwards Monte Carlo (BMC) model was developed to evaluate the effect of oblique illumination on wavelike topographic features for various values of water clarity and bottom albedo. An inverse optical modeling approach, previously developed for flat, horizontally homogeneous bottoms, was applied to the BMC results. Bathymetric estimates for bright facets tilted 10degrees toward the sun were slightly smaller than actual depths, whereas shaded facet depth estimates were too high by about 5%. Larger errors were associated with albedo retrievals, where shaded facets produced albedo estimates up to 15% lower than actual values. Errors increased with tilt angles up to 20degrees but decreased with sea and sky turbidity. Averaging sunlit and shaded pixels before running the inverse model reduced the uncertainty of bathymetric and albedo estimates to about 2 and 5%, respectively, comparable to previous field evaluations of the inversion model. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carder, KL (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 355 EP 363 PN 2 PG 9 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 664EY UT WOS:000182049800005 ER PT J AU Dierssen, HM Zimmerman, RC Leathers, RA Downes, TV Davis, CO AF Dierssen, HM Zimmerman, RC Leathers, RA Downes, TV Davis, CO TI Ocean color remote sensing of seagrass and bathymetry in the Bahamas Banks by high-resolution airborne imagery SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; WATER DEPTH; REFLECTANCE; IRRADIANCE; DECLINE; HABITAT; MEADOWS AB New coastal ocean remote sensing techniques permit benthic habitats to be explored with higher resolution than ever before. A mechanistic radiative transfer approach is developed that first removes the distorting influence of the water column on the remotely sensed signal to retrieve an estimate of the reflectance at the seafloor. The retrieved bottom reflectance is then used to classify the benthos. This spectrally based approach is advantageous because model components are separate and can be evaluated and modified individually for different environments. Here, we applied our approach to quantitatively estimate shallow-water bathymetry and leaf area index (LAI) of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum for a study site near Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas. Two high-resolution images were obtained from the ocean portable hyperspectral imager for low-light spectroscopy (Ocean PHILLS) over the study site in May 1999 and 2000. A combination of in situ observations of seafloor reflectance and radiative transfer modeling was used to develop and test our algorithm. Bathymetry was mapped to meter-scale resolution using a site-specific relationship (r(2) = 0.97) derived from spectral ratios of remote sensing reflectance at 555 and 670 nm. Depth-independent bottom reflectance was retrieved from remote sensing reflectance using bathymetry and tables of modeled water column attenuation coefficients. The magnitude of retrieved bottom reflectance was highly correlated to seagrass LAI measured from diver surveys at seven stations within the image (r(2) = 0.88-0.98). Mapped turtlegrass LAI was remarkably stable over a 2-yr period at our study site, even though Hurricane Floyd swept over the study site in September 1999. C1 Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dierssen, HM (reprint author), Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. NR 38 TC 119 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 444 EP 455 PN 2 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 664EY UT WOS:000182049800014 ER PT J AU Louchard, EM Reid, RP Stephens, FC Davis, CO Leathers, RA Downes, TV AF Louchard, EM Reid, RP Stephens, FC Davis, CO Leathers, RA Downes, TV TI Optical remote sensing of benthic habitats and bathymetry in coastal environments at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas: A comparative spectral classification approach SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PHILLS HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGER; REFLECTANCE; ABSORPTION; WATER; CALIBRATION; MIXTURES; DEPTH AB Remote sensing is a valuable tool for rapid identification of benthic features in coastal environments. Past applications have been limited, however, by multispectral models that are typically difficult to apply when bottom types are heterogeneous and complex. We attempt to overcome these limitations by using a spectral library of remote sensing reflectance (R-rs), generated through radiative transfer computations, to classify image pixels according to bottom type and water depth. R-rs spectra were calculated for water epths ranging from 0.5 to 20 m at 0.5- to 1.0-m depth intervals using measured reflectance spectra from sediment, seagrass, and pavement bottom types and inherent optical properties of the water. To verify the library, computed upwelling radiance and downwelling irradiance spectra were compared to field measurements obtained with a hyperspectral tethered spectral radiometer buoy (TSRB). Comparisons between simulated spectra and TSRB data showed close matches in signal shape and magnitude. The library classification method was tested on hyperspectral data collected using a portable hyperspectral imager for low light spectroscopy (PHILLS) airborne sensor near Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas. Two hyperspectral images were classified using a minimum-distance method. Comparisons with ground truth data indicate that library classification can be successful at identifying bottom type and water depth information from hyperspectral imagery. With the addition of diverse sediments types and different species of corals, seagrass, and algae, spectral libraries will have the potential to serve as valuable tools for identifying characteristic wavelengths that can be incorporated into bottom classification and bathymetry algorithms. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Louchard, EM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 36 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 511 EP 521 PN 2 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 664EY UT WOS:000182049800020 ER PT J AU Mazel, CH Strand, MP Lesser, P Crosby, MP Coles, B Nevis, AJ AF Mazel, CH Strand, MP Lesser, P Crosby, MP Coles, B Nevis, AJ TI High-resolution determination of coral reef bottom cover from multispectral fluorescence laser line scan imagery SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EXCITATION; EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; COMMUNITIES; PROTEINS; SPONGES; FAMILY; BANDS AB A prototype in-water laser line-scanning multispectral fluorescence imaging system was evaluated for its ability to provide data that could be used to determine the quantitative distribution and abundance of various functional groups on coral reefs. The system collected fluorescence imagery in three spectral bands with 1 cm(2) resolution at sites in Florida and the Bahamas. Fluorescence excitation was at 488 nm, and imagery was collected in emission bands centered at 520, 580, and 685 nm. Ground truth data on bottom cover was collected by divers using conventional line transect and photographic quadrat methods. A set of classification rules based on the relative signal levels in the three fluorescence channels was developed to assign the image pixels to functional groups. Once the image was classified, percent cover data for the groups were computed for the full image and for subsets of the image chosen to simulate line transect, grid survey, and photographic quadrat surveys. The statistics of percent cover of various bottom types derived from the fluorescence image compared favorably with those determined by diver survey techniques. The results demonstrate that fluorescence imaging has the long-term potential to provide coverage of large spatial areas of coral reefs at high resolution, with automated classification and quantification of functional groups in the image. C1 Phys Sci Inc, Andover, MA 01810 USA. USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Zool, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Marine Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NOAA, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Raytheon Co, Elect Syst, Tewksbury, MA 01876 USA. RP Mazel, CH (reprint author), Phys Sci Inc, 20 New England Business Ctr, Andover, MA 01810 USA. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 522 EP 534 PN 2 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 664EY UT WOS:000182049800021 ER PT S AU Guenthner, AJ Lindsay, GA Davis, KR Steinmetz, L Pentony, JM AF Guenthner, AJ Lindsay, GA Davis, KR Steinmetz, L Pentony, JM BE Kuzyk, MG Eich, M Norwood, RA TI Effect of processing conditions on the properties of polyimide films in optical waveguides SO LINEAR AND NONLINEAR OPTICS OF ORGANIC MATERIALS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE film formation; refractive index; anisotropy; homogeneity; evaporation; polyimides ID INPLANE ORIENTATION; THERMAL IMIDIZATION AB New insights into the relationship between film processing conditions and properties for polyimide-based systems of interest in the fabrication of optical waveguides are presented. The critical role of the rate of solvent evaporation to ensuring high quality films is explored, as are the effects of varying the casting solution concentration, spin casting, and baking conditions. In addition to film quality, the effect of the previously mentioned processing conditions on optical properties is also described. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 4T4220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5085-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5212 BP 100 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.506528 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Optics; Polymer Science GA BY14E UT WOS:000187883100013 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Payne, DM Baker, JT Andrews, JR Teare, SW Gilbreath, GC Dayton, D Gonglewski, J AF Restaino, SR Payne, DM Baker, JT Andrews, JR Teare, SW Gilbreath, GC Dayton, D Gonglewski, J BE Chien, LC TI Liquid crystal technology for adaptive optics: un update SO LIQUID CRYSTAL MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Liquid Crystal Materials, Devices, and Applications IX CY JAN 21-22, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE ID PHASE MODULATOR; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM AB The idea of using liquid crystal devices as an adaptive optics component has been proposed by several authors. In recent years a vigorous research effort has been carried out, and it is still flourishing, in several countries. Mainly the research and experimental work has been concentrated in the USA, U.K. and Russia. There are several reasons why liquid crystals may represent a valid alternative to the traditional deformable mirror technology that has been used for the past two decades or so. The main attractiveness of LC resides in the cost. Current deformable mirror technology has a range of price going from $2K to $15K per channel. LC technology promises to be at least a couple of orders of magnitude cheaper. Other reasons are connected with reliability, low power consumption and with a huge technological momentum based on a wide variety of industrial applications. In this paper we present some preliminary characterizations of a new, large format device. Such devices have the potential for extremely high-resolution wave-front control due to the over 10,000 corrective elements. The characterization of the device, so far, consists of measurements of the overall optical quality and of the phase control relationship. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7215, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4803-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5003 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1117/12.498690 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW83Q UT WOS:000183305300023 ER PT S AU Beresnev, LA Chen, MS Dulcey, C Shashidhar, R AF Beresnev, LA Chen, MS Dulcey, C Shashidhar, R BE Khoo, IC TI Twisted nematic device fabrication using photoalignment monolayers SO LIQUID CRYSTALS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Liquid Crystals VII CY AUG 05-07, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID PHOTOCHROMIC MOLECULAR FILMS; REVERSIBLE ALIGNMENT CHANGE; LIQUID-CRYSTALS AB A method of fabrication of twisted nematic device is described utilizing the monomolecular chemisorbed layer on at least one internal transparent electrode of capillary cell. The layer is capable of aligning and re-aligning the liquid crystal molecules upon UV irradiation. The preliminary uniform LC orientation with high contrast of the order of 1000 occurs after filling the LC material into the cell, which is irradiated before filling with small UV dosage of polarized light of the order of 1mJ/cm(2). The obtained orientation can be further re-aligned and desirable local twist configurations can be obtained using the second irradiation with UV light having polarization different from that of the first irradiation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5086-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 5213 BP 267 EP 277 DI 10.1117/12.508644 PG 11 WC Crystallography; Optics; Polymer Science SC Crystallography; Optics; Polymer Science GA BY56M UT WOS:000189409600028 ER PT S AU Alsman, D Paul, C Sartor, M AF Alsman, D Paul, C Sartor, M BE Johnson, CB Sinha, D Laplante, PA TI Machine vision image analysis capability for image intensifier tubes and systems SO LOW-LIGHT-LEVEL AND REAL-TIME IMAGING SYSTEMS, COMPONENTS, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Low-Light-Level and Real-Time Imaging Systems, Components and Applications CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Alsman, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Code 805,Bldg 3291,300 Highway 361, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4563-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4796 BP 90 EP 99 DI 10.1117/12.450863 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW38X UT WOS:000181845800010 ER PT J AU Dvorak, SD Wahl, KJ Singer, IL AF Dvorak, SD Wahl, KJ Singer, IL TI Friction behavior of boric acid and annealed boron carbide coatings studied by in situ Raman tribometry SO LUBRICATION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; friction coefficient; carbide coatings ID SLIDING CONTACT; THIN-FILMS; WEAR; CARBON; COMPOSITE; SURFACES AB The sliding friction behavior of boric acid and annealed boron carbide coatings has been investigated by in situ Raman tribometry. Reciprocating sliding tests were performed in air (similar to20% relative humidity) at 1 mmls with a transparent sapphire hemisphere dead weight loaded against the coated substrates. A homebuilt micro-Raman tribometer recorded the friction force as well as allowed both visualization and Raman spectroscopy (of the contacts during sliding. Friction coefficients for the boric acid films remained low (mu similar to 0.06) throughout sliding until failure (mu similar to 0.7), at which time boric acid was lost from the contact and substrate material (aluminum) transferred to the slider. Friction coefficients for the annealed boron carbide, known to form boric acid surface films upon cooling, were initially low (0.08), then gradually increased and leveled out at about 0.2. Raman spectroscopy revealed a mixture of boric acid and carbon initially; but as the friction coefficient rose, the boric acid intensity decreased to zero while the carbon intensity increased. Correlations between friction coefficients and amounts of solid lubricating material in the contact are presented, and the role of third bodies in con trolling friction is discussed. C1 Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dvorak, SD (reprint author), Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 0024-7154 J9 LUBR ENG JI Lubric. Eng. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 59 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 634WE UT WOS:000180364300009 ER PT J AU Cunningham, BM AF Cunningham, BM TI The distributional heterogeneity of growth effects: Some evidence SO MANCHESTER SCHOOL LA English DT Article ID ECONOMIC-GROWTH; STOCK MARKETS; QUANTILE REGRESSION; CROSS-SECTION; CONVERGENCE; INFLATION; COUNTRIES; TIME AB This paper applies quantile regression and non-parametric density estimation techniques to international data on long-run economic growth. The approach reveals that previously identified drivers of growth vary in their impact across the conditional distribution of international growth. Specifically, these factors display disparate effects in conditional low-growth and high-growth contexts. The results suggest that there is a general bias underlying prior research. The incumbent drivers of growth exhibit relatively larger coefficients, in absolute value, on the upper tail of the conditional growth distribution. This set of stylized facts identifies factors that might alter the international distribution of growth. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cunningham, BM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-6786 J9 MANCH SCH JI Manch. Sch. PY 2003 VL 71 IS 4 SI SI BP 417 EP 447 DI 10.1111/1467-9957.00354 PG 31 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 702CR UT WOS:000184208200004 ER PT J AU Eckman, JE Duggins, DO Siddon, CE AF Eckman, JE Duggins, DO Siddon, CE TI Current and wave dynamics in the shallow subtidal: implications to the ecology of understory and surface-canopy kelps SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; kelp; wave; tidal current ID GIANT-KELP; MACROCYSTIS-PYRIFERA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; NEREOCYSTIS-LUETKEANA; INTERTIDAL ORGANISMS; EXPOSURE GRADIENT; SIZE; FLOW; COMMUNITY; SHAPE AB Current and wave properties were studied in the semi-protected waters of the San Juan Archipelago, Washington, at 6 shallow subtidal sites chosen to include a wide range of variability in exposure to both tidal currents and waves. Within each site, 4 to 6 plots measuring roughly 50 to 100 m(2) each were established on nearly horizontal rock platforms at mean depths ranging from 6.1 to 11.0 m, with most plots at mean depths of 7.0 to 9.2 m. Plots were established nominally to minimize within-site variability in hydrodynamics, and were locations of several species of kelp (reported in a companion paper). For more than a year replicate measurements of flow and pressure (mean depth and wave signals) were collected at all sites in 2 Hz bursts 25 cm above the substratum, a height relative to understory kelps, providing a unique, detailed spatial and temporal characterization of a shallow subtidal hydrodynamic regime pertinent to these plants. Despite the intended similarity of plots within sites, local-flow microhabitat remained substantial at scales relative to understory plants, and largely ameliorated differences in tidal signals among most sites. Greater than 50% of the spatial variability in maximum tidal current speed, and 31 to 44% of the variance in the duration of periods of calm flow (speeds consistently <20 cm s(-1)), occurred within sites at scales of meters, and not at the larger (km) scales that separated sites. In contrast, wave effects at 7 to 11 m depth were predictable spatially. Significant wave impacts were recorded only at 2 sites characterized by a large, open fetch. Wave-dominated flows were recorded by replicate sensors multiple times within both of these sites, and the strongest instantaneous wave speeds approached 150 to 200 cm s(-1). Maximum wave-generated speeds recorded just above the substratum at these 2 sites were similar to2 to 3x maximum tidal currents. These results help to explain patterns noted in concurrent studies of the population dynamics and morphology of several species of kelp. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Eckman, JE (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Code 322,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM eckmanj@onr.navy.mil NR 40 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 265 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.3354/meps265045 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 771FL UT WOS:000188774900004 ER PT J AU Duggins, DO Eckman, JE Siddon, CE Klinger, T AF Duggins, DO Eckman, JE Siddon, CE Klinger, T TI Population, morphometric and biomechanical studies of three understory kelps along a hydrodynamic gradient SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE kelp; hydrodynamics; flow; biomechanics; Costaria costata; Agarum fimbriatum; Laminaria complanata ID SUCCESSFUL EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION; BENTHIC SUSPENSION FEEDERS; DETERMINING WAVE-FORCES; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; GIANT-KELP; NEREOCYSTIS-LUETKEANA; MACROCYSTIS-PYRIFERA; WATER MOTION; PHYSICAL DISTURBANCES; MECHANICAL-STRESS AB Kelps (benthic algae in the order Laminariales) live in a highly dynamic fluid environment, and exhibit many adaptations to meet the challenges imposed by hydrodynamic forces. We examined flow effects (direct and indirect) on understory kelp population dynamics, morphology and biomechanics along gradients of current velocity and wave accelerations in the San Juan Archipelago, Washington. Costaria costata, Agarum fimbriatum, and Laminaria complanata all exhibited significantly higher mortalities at wave-impacted sites, but no gradient was detectable in the effects of tidal currents on survival, despite the strong tidal signal in waters of the archipelago. This pattern stands in contrast to that reported earlier for the surface-canopy bull kelp Nereocystis luetkeana in these waters; N. luetkeana mortality was strongly correlated with current, but not wave energy. The higher wave-driven mortalities of the understory species occur, even though a suite of morphological and biomechanical attributes (thallus size and thickness, holdfast area and biomass, stipe cross-sectional area, holdfast strength, blade toughness) indicate that kelps at sites characterized by high flow energy are better adapted to resist the forces imposed by waves and currents. While the forces imposed by strong currents have little effect on survival, they do have significant effects on morphology and biomechanical strength. We propose that morphological plasticity in A. fimbriatum and C. costata ameliorates the effects of both currents and waves on their survival. C1 Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Duggins, DO (reprint author), Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, 620 Univ Rd, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. EM dduggins@u.washington.edu NR 62 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 23 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 265 BP 57 EP 76 DI 10.3354/meps265057 PG 20 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 771FL UT WOS:000188774900005 ER PT J AU McManus, MA Alldredge, AL Barnard, AH Boss, E Case, JF Cowles, TJ Donaghay, PL Eisner, LB Gifford, DJ Greenlaw, CF Herren, CM Holliday, DV Johnson, D MacIntyre, S McGehee, DM Osborn, TR Perry, MJ Pieper, RE Rines, JEB Smith, DC Sullivan, JM Talbot, MK Twardowski, MS Weidemann, A Zaneveld, JR AF McManus, MA Alldredge, AL Barnard, AH Boss, E Case, JF Cowles, TJ Donaghay, PL Eisner, LB Gifford, DJ Greenlaw, CF Herren, CM Holliday, DV Johnson, D MacIntyre, S McGehee, DM Osborn, TR Perry, MJ Pieper, RE Rines, JEB Smith, DC Sullivan, JM Talbot, MK Twardowski, MS Weidemann, A Zaneveld, JR TI Characteristics, distribution and persistence of thin layers over a 48 hour period SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE thin layer; bioacoustics; optics; bioluminescence; marine snow; bacterial production; physical oceanographic processes ID SPECTRAL ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; DENSITY DISCONTINUITIES; PLANKTON PATCHINESS; CHLOROPHYLL MAXIMUM; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; NUTRIENT FLUXES; COASTAL WATERS; MARINE SNOW AB The biological and physical processes contributing to planktonic thin layer dynamics were examined in a multidisciplinary study conducted in East Sound, Washington, USA between June 10 and June 25, 1998. The temporal and spatial scales characteristic of thin layers were determined using a nested sampling strategy utilizing 4 major types of platforms: (1) an array of 3 moored acoustical instrument packages and 2 moored optical instrument packages that recorded distributions and intensities of thin layers; (2) additional stationary instrumentation deployed outside the array comprised of meteorological stations, wave-tide gauges, and thermistor chains; (3) a research vessel anchored 150 m outside the western edge of the array; (4) 2 mobile vessels performing basin-wide surveys to define the spatial extent of thin layers and the physical hydrography of the Sound. We observed numerous occurrences of thin layers that contained locally enhanced concentrations of material; many of the layers persisted for intervals of several hours to a few days. More than one persistent thin layer may be present at any one time, and these spatially distinct thin layers often contain distinct plankton assemblages. The results suggest that the species or populations comprising each distinct thin layer have responded to different sets of biological and/or physical processes. The existence and persistence of planktonic thin layers generates extensive biological heterogeneity in the water column and may be important in maintaining species diversity and overall community structure. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04473 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. BAE Syst, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95003 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Maine, Ira C Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. Univ So Calif, Hancock Inst Marine Sci, Terminal Isl, CA 90731 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wet Labs Inc, Philomath, OR 97370 USA. RP McManus, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM margaret@es.ucsc.edu RI Boss, Emmanuel/C-5765-2009; Smith, David/A-8309-2013 OI Boss, Emmanuel/0000-0002-8334-9595; Smith, David/0000-0003-0627-5788 NR 69 TC 121 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 23 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 261 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.3354/meps261001 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 745TN UT WOS:000186704400001 ER PT J AU Song, WJ Rose, JL Whitesel, H AF Song, WJ Rose, JL Whitesel, H TI An ultrasonic guided wave technique for damage testing in a ship hull SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE nondestructive testing; lamb wave; shear horizontal wave; ship hull AB Ultrasonic guided waves have been widely utilized in the testing of large structures due to such characteristics as high penetration power and long propagation distances. In this paper, development and application of guided wave techniques for damage testing in a ship hull is presented. Selecting proper modes and frequency ranges is based on the wave structures. Lamb and shear horizontal waves are generated in model steel plates and an actual ship hull with simulated damage. An approximate image of damage, utilizing a discontinuity locus map, is constructed using the reflected guided waves from the damage. A discontinuity locus map provides information on location and size of damage. Experimental results with lamb and shear horizontal waves are demonstrated and compared. The potential of the discontinuity locus map technique for detecting and quantifying damage in a ship hull is discussed. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Ultrason Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Song, WJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Ultrason Lab, 212 Earth & Engn Sci Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 61 IS 1 BP 94 EP 98 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 633GT UT WOS:000180275000011 ER PT S AU Lee, Y Singh, A AF Lee, Y Singh, A BE Thomas, JL Kiick, KL Gower, LA TI Poly-beta-cyclodextrins: Multifunctional polymer support for the hydrolysis and removal of methyl parathion SO MATERIALS INSPIRED BY BIOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Inspired by Biology held at the the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AF Res Lab, ML, Avanti Polar Lipids Inc, Boston Sci Corp, DuPont Cent Res & Dev, Natl Sci Fdn, Div Mat Res, Natl Inst Hlth Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, Natl Inst Hlth Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res AB Microparticles (32-53 mum) of cross-linked poly-beta-Cyclodextrin (PCD) having a bifunctional hexyl spacer were prepared. PCD served as an insoluble robust matrix, which is chemically inert in acidic and basic media while preserving accessibility of pesticide methyl parathion (MPT) and its hydrolysis product p-nitrophenol (p-NP) to cyclodextrin cavities. The multi-utility of PCD was demonstrated as a stable biomaterial for adsorption of MPT and p-NP through inclusion phenomena and as a single unit system suitable for casting alternate enzyme/polyelectrolyte multilayers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, Y (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-711-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 774 BP 99 EP 104 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BX72Z UT WOS:000186233100013 ER PT S AU Park, C Dutta, I Peterson, KA Vella, J AF Park, C Dutta, I Peterson, KA Vella, J BE McKerrow, AJ Leu, J Kraft, O Kikkawa, T TI AFM studies of deformation and interfacial sliding in interconnect structures in microelectronic devices SO MATERIALS, TECHNOLOGY AND RELIABILITY FOR ADVANCED INTERCONNECTS AND LOW-K DIELECTRICS-2003 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials, Technology and Reliability for Advanced Interconnects and Low-k Dielectrics held at the 2003 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat Inc, ATMI, Dow Chem Co, Honeywell Elect Mat, Intel Corp, Texas Instruments Inc, Thomas West Inc, Tokyo Electron Amer Inc ID SI SUBSTRATE SYSTEMS; CU THIN-FILM; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; COPPER-FILMS; CREEP; AL; STRESS AB Back-end interconnect structures (BEIS) of micro-electronic devices are susceptible to several deformation phenomena during thermal excursions, because of large differences in thermal expansion coefficients (CTE) between Si, interlayer dielectric (ILD) and metal lines. Here we use atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study plastic deformation and interfacial sliding of Cu interconnect lines on Si, embedded in a low K dielectric (LKD). Following thermal cycling, changes were observed in both in-plane Cu line dimensions, as well as out-of plane step height between Cu and LKD in single layer structures. The results of AFM measurements following both ex-situ and in-situ thermal cycling are presented. A shear-lag based model is utilized to simulate the thermal cycling response, and rationalize the observed interfacial sliding behavior. Results of in-situ AFM experiments to observe the deformation of Cu-low K interconnect structures under far-field (i.e., package-level) stresses are also presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Park, C (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-703-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 766 BP 385 EP 390 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BY09P UT WOS:000187620400056 ER PT J AU Wang, TL Gragg, WB AF Wang, TL Gragg, WB TI Convergence of the unitary QR algorithm with unimodular Wilkinson shift SO MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE QR algorithm; shift strategy; unitary Hessenberg matrices ID MATRICES AB In applying the QR algorithm to compute the eigenvalues of a unitary Hessenberg matrix, a projected Wilkinson shift of unit modulus is proposed and proved to give global convergence with (at least) a quadratic asymptotic rate for the QR iteration. Experimental testing demonstrates that the unimodular shift produces more efficient numerical convergence. C1 Natl Chengchi Univ, Dept Math Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, TL (reprint author), Natl Chengchi Univ, Dept Math Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0025-5718 J9 MATH COMPUT JI Math. Comput. PY 2003 VL 72 IS 241 BP 375 EP 385 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 610PC UT WOS:000178968300017 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Trickey, ST Todd, MD Virgin, LN AF Nichols, JM Trickey, ST Todd, MD Virgin, LN TI Structural health monitoring through chaotic interrogation SO MECCANICA LA English DT Article DE chaos; damage detection; attractor; Lyapunov spectrum ID DAMAGE DETECTION; DIMENSION; SYSTEMS AB The field of vibration based structural health monitoring involves extracting a 'feature' which robustly quantifies damage induced changes to the structure in the presence of ambient variation, that is, changes in ambient temperature, varying moisture levels, etc. In this paper, we present an attractor-based feature derived from the field of nonlinear time-series analysis. Emphasis is placed on the use of chaos for the purposes of system interrogation. The structure is excited with the output of a chaotic oscillator providing a deterministic (low-dimensional) input. Use is made of the Kaplan-Yorke conjecture in order to 'tune' the Lyapunov exponents of the driving signal so that varying degrees of damage in the structure will alter the state space properties of the response attractor. The average local attractor variance ratio (ALAVR) is suggested as one possible means of quantifying the state space changes. Finite element results are presented for a thin aluminum cantilever beam subject to increasing damage, as specified by weld line separation, at the clamped end. Comparisons of the ALAVR to two modal features are evaluated through the use of a performance metric. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-6455 J9 MECCANICA JI Meccanica PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1023/A:1022898403359 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 654PW UT WOS:000181506100005 ER PT J AU Meister, G Abel, P Barnes, R Cooper, J Davis, C Fargion, G Frouin, R Godin, M Korwan, D Maffione, R McClain, C McLean, S Menzies, D Poteau, A Robertson, J Sherman, J AF Meister, G Abel, P Barnes, R Cooper, J Davis, C Fargion, G Frouin, R Godin, M Korwan, D Maffione, R McClain, C McLean, S Menzies, D Poteau, A Robertson, J Sherman, J TI Comparison of spectral radiance calibrations at oceanographic and atmospheric research laboratories SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on New Developments in Optical Radiometry (NEWRAD 2002) CY MAY 20-24, 2002 CL NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND HO NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL AB This report describes the first Sensor Intercomparison and Merger for Biological and Interdisciplinary Oceanic Studies (SIMBIOS) Radiometric Intercomparison (SIMRIC-1). The purpose of the SIMRIC-1 is to ensure a common radiometric scale among the calibration facilities that are engaged in calibrating in situ radiometers used for ocean colour-related research and to document the calibration procedures and protocols. SIMBIOS staff visited the seven participating laboratories for at least two days each. The SeaWiFS Transfer Radiometer (SXR-II) measured the calibration radiances produced in the laboratories. The measured radiances were compared with the radiances expected by the laboratories. Typically, the measured radiances were higher than the expected radiances by 0 to 2%. This level of agreement is satisfactory. Several issues were identified where the calibration protocols need to be improved, especially the reflectance calibration of the reference plaques and the distance correction when using the irradiance standards at distances greater than 50 cm. The responsivity of the SXR-II changed from 0.3% (channel 6) to 1.6% (channel 2) from December 2000 to December 2001. Monitoring the SXR-II with a portable light source showed a linear drift of the calibration, except for channel 1, where a 2% drop occurred in summer. C1 NASA, SIMBIOS Project, Futuretech Corp, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. SIMBIOS, SAIC, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. Ray Informat Technol & Sci Serv, Lanham, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. HOBI Labs, Moss Landing, CA USA. Satlantic Inc, Halifax, NS, Canada. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Biospher Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Meister, G (reprint author), NASA, SIMBIOS Project, Futuretech Corp, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 970-2,Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RI Meister, Gerhard/F-7159-2012 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 SI SI BP S93 EP S96 AR PII S0026-1394(03)56900-6 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/40/1/321 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 698DU UT WOS:000183983000023 ER PT J AU Ray, J Senior, K AF Ray, J Senior, K TI IGS/BIPM pilot project: GPS carrier phase for time/frequency transfer and timescale formation SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Time-Scale Algorithms Symposium CY MAR 18-19, 2002 CL SEVRES, FRANCE ID TIME-TRANSFER AB The development within the International GPS Service (IGS) of a suite of clock products, for both satellites and tracking receivers, offers some experiences which mirror the operations of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) in its formation of TAI[UTC but some aspects differ markedly. The IGS relies exclusively on the carrier phase-based geodetic technique whereas BIPM time/frequency transfers use only common-view and two-way satellite (TWSTFT) methods. The carrier-phase approach has the potential of very high precision but suitable instrumental calibration procedures are only in the initial phases of deployment; the current BIPM techniques are more mature and widely used among timing labs, but are either less precise (common-view) or much more expensive (TWSTFT). In serving its geodetic users, the essential requirement for IGS clock products is that they be fully self-consistent in relative terms and also fully consistent with all other IGS products, especially the satellite orbits, in order to permit an isolated user to apply them with accuracy of a few centimetres. While there is no other strong requirement for the IGS timescale except to be reasonably close to broadcast GPS time, it is nonetheless very desirable for the IGS clock products to possess additional properties, such as being highly stable and being accurately relatable to UTC. These qualities enhance the value of IGS clock products for applications other than pure geodesy, especially for timing operations. The jointly sponsored 'IGS/BIPM Pilot Project to Study Accurate Time and Frequency Comparisons using GPS Phase and Code Measurements' is developing operational strategies to exploit geodetic GPS methods for improved global time/frequency comparisons to the mutual benefit of both organizations. While helping the IGS to refine its clock products and link them to UTC, this collaboration will also provide new time transfer results for the BIPM that may eventually improve the formation of TAI and allow meaningful comparisons of new cold atom clocks. Thus far, geodetic receivers have been installed at many timing labs, a new internally realized IGS timescale has been produced using a weighted ensemble algorithm, and instrumental calibration procedures developed. Formulating a robust frequency ensemble from a globally distributed network of clocks presents unique challenges compared with intra-laboratory timescales. We have used these products to make a detailed study of the observed time transfer performance for about 30 IGS stations equipped with H-maser frequency standards. The results reveal a large dispersion in quality which can often be related to differences in local station factors. The main elements of the Project's original plan are now largely completed or in progress. In major ways, the experiences of this joint effort can serve as a useful model for future distributed timing systems, for example, Galileo and other GNSS operations. C1 NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Ray, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jimr@ngs.noaa.gov; Ken.Senior@nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2003 VL 40 IS 3 SI SI BP S270 EP S288 AR PII S0026-1394(03)61419-2 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/40/3/307 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 698DX UT WOS:000183983300008 ER PT J AU Schmidt, LS AF Schmidt, LS TI Atomic clock models using fractionally integrated noise processes SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Time-Scale Algorithms Symposium CY MAR 18-19, 2002 CL SEVRES, FRANCE AB The existence of power-law noise structures in the measurements of atomic clocks has been well documented in the literature. Each of these power-law noises exhibits a spectral density proportional to 1 / f(alpha) at low frequencies. There is, however, another class of noise, termed fractionally integrated or long-memory noise, which too possesses spectral densities of this form. These fractionally integrated noises are analysed and applied to atomic timescales in this research. An alternative atomic clock model is developed and validated via simulation and live data tests. Estimators of clock rate and drift which account for the long-memory noise structures are derived and shown to produce both superior estimates of rate and drift and superior reports of the variability of these estimates. Estimation strategies which account for the autocovariance structures characteristic of fractionally integrated noise are also found to yield more powerful tests of hypotheses than do the short-memory techniques historically employed. C1 USN Observ, Alternate Master Clock, Schriever AFB, CO 80912 USA. RP Schmidt, LS (reprint author), USN Observ, Alternate Master Clock, Schriever AFB, CO 80912 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2003 VL 40 IS 3 SI SI BP S305 EP S311 AR PII S0026-1394(03)61420-9 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/40/3/309 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 698DX UT WOS:000183983300010 ER PT J AU Kidwell, ME Stoimenow, A AF Kidwell, ME Stoimenow, A TI Examples relating to the crossing number, writhe, and maximal bridge length of knot diagrams SO MICHIGAN MATHEMATICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID REGULAR ISOTOPY; LINKS; POLYNOMIALS; INVARIANT C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Math, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Kidwell, ME (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MICHIGAN MATHEMATICAL JOURNAL PI ANN ARBOR PA UNIV MICHIGAN DEPT MATHEMATICS 3217 ANGELL HALL, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-1003 USA SN 0026-2285 J9 MICH MATH J JI Mich. Math. J. PY 2003 VL 51 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 675CQ UT WOS:000182675800001 ER PT S AU Wojtowicz, T Ruterana, P Twigg, ME Henry, RL Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE AF Wojtowicz, T Ruterana, P Twigg, ME Henry, RL Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE BE Cullis, AG Midgley, PA TI The microstructure of GaN nucleation layers grown by MOCVD on (11(2)over-bar0) sapphire versus pressure SO MICROSCOPY OF SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS 2003 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials CY MAR 31, 2003 CL Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, ENGLAND SP Inst Phys, Electron Microscopy & Analy Grp, Royal Microcop So c, Mat Res Soc HO Univ Cambridge ID A-PLANE SAPPHIRE; FILMS; OVERGROWTH; EPITAXY AB For the last decade, GaN and related compounds have been of great interest due to the development of applications such as high brightness light-emitting diodes and laser diodes operating in the blue/green to ultraviolet range. Thin GaN films are mostly grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition on c-plane sapphire. However, relatively less information has been reported about the growth mechanisms of GaN on (112 0) sapphire. In this research, the evolution of morphology and defect structure in GaN thin films on the a-plane of sapphire is investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The nucleation is carried out at high temperature (1028degreesC) with variation of the pressure (20-600 torr). C1 CNRS, LERMAT, FRE 2149, F-14050 Caen, France. NRL, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ruterana, P (reprint author), CNRS, LERMAT, FRE 2149, 6 Bd Marechal Juin, F-14050 Caen, France. EM ruterana@ismra.fr NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0979-2 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2003 IS 180 BP 317 EP 320 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BAN55 UT WOS:000222976100074 ER PT S AU Jiang, JH Wu, DL Eckermann, SD Ma, J AF Jiang, JH Wu, DL Eckermann, SD Ma, J BE Clemesha, B Swenson, G TI Mountain waves in the middle atmosphere: Microwave limb sounder observations and analyses SO MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT COSPAR C2 1 Meeting on Middle Atmosphere Structure and Dynamics CY 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP COSPAR, IUGG, IAGA, SCOSTEP, URSI ID GRAVITY-WAVES; MLS OBSERVATIONS; UARS MLS AB Observations and analyses of mesoscale gravity waves in the stratosphere from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) are summarized, with focus on global distribution of topography related wave activities. We found most of the orographical wave activities occur during the winter seasons over high latitude mountain ridges. In the northern hemisphere, the strongest waves are those over Scandinavia, Central Eurasia, and southern Greenland, whereas in the southern hemisphere, wave activities are outstanding over the Andes, New Zealand, and Antarctic rim, MLS observations suggest that these orographic waves are located mostly on the down stream side of the mountain ridge with downward phase progression and have horizontal phase velocities opposite to the stratospheric jet-stream. Future studies using MLS data and numerical modeling will lead to better understanding of gravity wave effects on dynamics and chemistry in the middle atmosphere. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Middle Atmospher Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP Jiang, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Wu, Dong/D-5375-2012 NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 801 EP 806 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00402-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY02E UT WOS:000187294000015 ER PT S AU Count, P Robertson, C AF Count, P Robertson, C GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Performance of variable bit rate wireless communication systems over Nakagami fading channels SO MILCOM 2003 - 2003 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2003) CY OCT 13-16, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE Commun Soc AB Currently, several wireless standards, both for voice and data communications as well as wireless local area networks, achieve a variable bit rate by different combinations of either binary or non-binary modulation and convolutional codes having different code rates. The probability of bit error for the different combinations of modulation type and code rate utilized by the IEEE 802.11a wireless local area network standard are examined. The channel is modeled as a frequency-selective, slow, Nakagami fading channel with additive white Gaussian noise. Contrary to expectations, for the combinations of modulation type and code rate utilized by the IEEE 802.11a standard, some of the higher data rate combinations outperform some of the lower data rate combinations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Count, P (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8140-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2003 BP 326 EP 329 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAA49 UT WOS:000221341000057 ER PT S AU Macker, JP Chao, W Weston, JW AF Macker, JP Chao, W Weston, JW GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A low-cost, IP-based mobile network emulator (MNE) SO MILCOM 2003 - 2003 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2003) CY OCT 13-16, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE Commun Soc AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Mobile Network Emulator (MNE) is a low-cost, flexible wireless mobile internetwork protocol (IP) test environment that provides flexible, dynamic topology, control and manipulation for testing of both IPv4 and IPv6 dynamic network scenarios. Direct and indirect software support for network node motion modeling is supported. We describe the emulation design and various software and hardware support components. We also provide a case example of how the mobile emulation system has been applied with a set of ancillary visualization tools, motion generators, and network analysis tools. Finally, we discuss how such an emulation environment provides a valuable engineering tool supplementing more abstract simulation studies and costly, time-consuming field trials of mobile network systems and software. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Macker, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8140-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2003 BP 481 EP 486 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAA49 UT WOS:000221341000084 ER PT S AU Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A AF Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Medium access control in multihop networks SO MILCOM 2003 - 2003 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2003) CY OCT 13-16, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE Commun Soc ID RADIO NETWORKS AB In this paper, we address the problem of medium-access control (MAC) in multihop networks. We focus on the First-Come, First-Serve (FCFS) collision-resolution algorithm, and for the two-destination case illustrate the difficulties that arise because of the interference between two populations of nodes that share a common channel. Specifically, a deadlock can arise when a commonly used improvement to the FCFS algorithm for the single-destination case is used. To eliminate this deadlock, we use a "Group TDMA" mechanism, which separates the interfering groups, while permitting use of the best version of the FCFS algorithm. We demonstrate that use of Group TDMA in conjunction with the FCFS algorithm can provide increased throughput and energy efficiency. Additionally, we extend our model to a cellular-like multihop network. C1 USN, Res Lab, Informat Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wieselthier, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Informat Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wieselthier@itd.nrl.navy.mil; nguyen@itd.nrl.navy.mil; tony@eng.umd.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8140-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2003 BP 993 EP 998 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAA49 UT WOS:000221341000173 ER PT S AU Hauser, JP Baker, DJ AF Hauser, JP Baker, DJ GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Mobility and routing protocols for 802.11 extended service sets SO MILCOM 2003 - 2003 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2003) CY OCT 13-16, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE Commun Soc AB There are two basic types of 802.11 networks: 1) networks that operate as single "Independent" Basic Service Sets (IBSSs) and 2) networks that operate as Extended Service Sets (ESSs), also known as infrastructure networks. Infrastructure networks have Access Points (APs) that may be interconnected to other APs within an ESS via a Distribution System (DS) to extend the range and scalability of an infrastructure network. Also, they may have Stations (STAs) that associate with a neighboring AP in order to access the DS service. On the other hand, an IBSS consists only of STAs and does not support the DS service. Protocols that enable multi-hop routing in IBSS networks have been proposed in the IETF's MANET working group. This paper describes an 802.11 Access Point that can combine with other such APs and with standard STAs to form a mobile, 802.11 ESS that is an infrastructure network, but incorporates the mobility features typical of a multi-hop ad hoc network. The new architecture is called a Dynamic Backbone Subnet based on 802.11, or simply, DBS/802.11. Externally, a DBS/802.11 subnet provides network services very much like an Ethernet, which simplifies its connection to other IP networks. Both a simulation model and a Linux implementation of DBS/802.11 have been developed. We show some results from a field test scenario designed to verify the operation of the DBS/802.11 implementation using mobile nodes in a dynamic, interference prone environment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hauser, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8140-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2003 BP 1036 EP 1041 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAA49 UT WOS:000221341000180 ER PT S AU Kowalske, K Robertson, RC AF Kowalske, K Robertson, RC GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Performance of a noncoherent RAKE receiver and convolutional coding with Ricean fading and pulse-noise jamming SO MILCOM 2003 - 2003 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2003) CY OCT 13-16, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE Commun Soc AB The effect of pulse-noise jamming noncoherent RAKE receiver with convolutional coding in the presence of Ricean fading is analyzed. The effect of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is also included in the analysis. The maximum-likelihood RAKE receiver for the combination of pulse noise and AWGN is derived. Pulse jamming usually has a significant effect when soft decision decoding is used, however, we show that the maximum-likelihood RAKE receiver effectively mitigates pulse noise jamming. Hard decision decoding reduces the effect of pulse noise jamming, however, the maximum-likelihood RAKE with soft decision decoding performs better than hard decision decoding in the presence of pulse-noise jamming. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kowalske, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code EC-Rc, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM crobertson@nps.navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8140-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2003 BP 1143 EP 1148 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAA49 UT WOS:000221341000199 ER PT S AU Macker, JP Dean, JW AF Macker, JP Dean, JW GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A study of link state flooding optimizations for scalable wireless networks SO MILCOM 2003 - 2003 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2003) CY OCT 13-16, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE Commun Soc AB Several methods have recently been proposed to improve link state protocol efficiency within wireless ad hoc networks. One class of approaches targets the reduction of link state control overhead that contributes to network-wide broadcast storms, therefore enhancing protocol scalability. We have implemented and studied two such methods and demonstrate and discuss their relative performance characteristics. We present early simulation analysis over a number of scalability factors, including average nodal density and network diameter (maximum path length). Based upon initial results, we demonstrate that the two approaches to link state overhead reduction are somewhat complementary and that they provide additional benefit when applied together in many topologies studied. While both approaches are valid scalable flooding techniques, we discuss further the relative merits and potential disadvantages of each technique. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Macker, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8140-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2003 BP 1262 EP 1267 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAA49 UT WOS:000221341000219 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JL Craig, SC Kolavic, S Hastings, D Alsip, BJ Gray, GC Hudspeth, MK Ryan, MAK AF Sanchez, JL Craig, SC Kolavic, S Hastings, D Alsip, BJ Gray, GC Hudspeth, MK Ryan, MAK TI An outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia among military personnel at high risk: Control by low-dose azithromycin postexposure chemoprophylaxis SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES; ORAL AZITHROMYCIN; CLINICAL-TRIAL; PROPHYLAXIS; PNEUMOLYSIN; INFECTIONS; ANTIBODY AB In the winter of 1998-1999 an outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia occurred among Ranger students undergoing high-intensity training. Thirty pneumonia cases (attack rate = 12.6%) were identified among a group of 239 students. Eighteen students were hospitalized; Streptococcus pneumoniae-positive cultures were detected in 11 (61.1%) of these 18 hospitalized cases. Pneumococci were also identified in throat swabs of 30 (13.6%) of 221 nonhospitalized students surveyed . Serum antipneumolysin seroconversions were detected in 30 (18.3%) of 164 students tested. An association between development of serum antipneumolysin antibody and pneumococcal pharyngeal carriage/colonization was found. Of 30 seroconverters, eight (26.7%) had S. pneumoniae-positive cultures compared with only 17 (12.7%) of 134 nonseroconverters (relative risks = 2.02, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-4.02, p = 0.05). The outbreak was controlled by administrating low-dose, oral azithromycin prophylaxis (250 mg weekly for 2 weeks) and was associated with a 69% reduction in pneumococcal carriage and a 94% reduction in pneumonia rates. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Epidemiol Serv, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Martin Army Community Hosp, Prevent Med Serv, Ft Benning, GA 31905 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Resp Dis Lab, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Sanchez, JL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment Lima, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 168 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EH UT WOS:000181421900001 PM 12546236 ER PT J AU Hughes, TC Staren-Doby, D AF Hughes, TC Staren-Doby, D TI Reducing unintended pregnancy in young, single active duty women in an overseas environment SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SOLDIERS AB Unintended pregnancies in the United States negatively impact families, communities, and society as a whole. In the military, the ramifications can encroach upon mission accomplishment. In operational and overseas environments, the consequences are amplified. U.S. Naval Hospital, Sigonella, Italy became involved in a multidisciplinary effort (Choices) to reduce unplanned pregnancies. A retrospective analysis of 173 unmarried active duty women (<27 years old) revealed that those who did not attend Choices were three times more likely to have an unplanned pregnancy. A bivariate correlation was used to test the relationship. The correlations between attendance at Choices and unplanned pregnancies was, r = -0.327, p = 0.000. A chi(2) test revealed the difference in the frequency of unplanned pregnancies between those who attended Choices and those who did not with chi(2) (1) = 17.86, p < 0.001 was systematic and real. This multidisciplinary approach shows promise in reducing unplanned pregnancies, thus ensuring readiness and mission accomplishment. C1 USN Hosp, FPO, AE 09636 USA. RP Hughes, TC (reprint author), USN Hosp, PSC 836,Box 2670, FPO, AE 09636 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 168 IS 1 BP 11 EP 14 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EH UT WOS:000181421900003 PM 12546238 ER PT J AU Almond, MD Carlton, J Bohnker, BK AF Almond, MD Carlton, J Bohnker, BK TI Navy and Marine Corps active duty mortality patterns for 1995 to 1999 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MILITARY-PERSONNEL; DEATH AB The authors analyze all Navy and Marine Corps active duty deaths from January 1, 1995 through December 31, 1999 (Navy, N = 1231; Marine Corps, N = 701). Data were obtained from official Navy and Marine Corps sources, including the Report of Casualty (DD form 1300) and the Navy Personnel Casualty Report (Control Symbol NMPC 1770-4) or the Marine Corps Personnel Casualty Report (MC-3040-02), as appropriate. Overall fatality rates were 68.2 per 100,000 active duty Navy personnel and 84.2 for active duty Marine Corps personnel. Rates were generally lower than those noted in previous studies and lower than comparable civilian groups. The officer fatality rates were strongly affected by aircraft mishap-related deaths. The only subgroup displaying higher rates than their civilian counterparts was mishap-related deaths for enlisted Marines age 17 to 24 years old. C1 USN, Operat Med Inst, Dept Psychiat, Detachment Naval Aerosp Med Inst, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Norfolk, VA 23513 USA. RP Almond, MD (reprint author), USN, Operat Med Inst, Dept Psychiat, Detachment Naval Aerosp Med Inst, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 168 IS 1 BP 32 EP 39 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EH UT WOS:000181421900008 PM 12546243 ER PT J AU Wall, KD Felli, JC AF Wall, KD Felli, JC TI Discounting effectiveness SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Defense planners continually face decision problems in which uncertainty, timeliness, opportunity cost, affordability and effectiveness must be considered and carefully weighed to make intelligent choices. A common approach to discriminating among competing alternatives is to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis where an alternative's discounted life-cycle cost is compared with its overall undiscounted measure of effectiveness in realizing mission objectives. This is inconsistent when the timing of delivered capabilities is important. In an effort to reconcile this discrepancy, this paper presents a theoretically sound method for discounting effectiveness and incorporating it into cost-effectiveness analysis. After motivating the need to discount effectiveness by considering the temporal nature of a threat and the operational profiles of alternatives to counter it, we employ an economic utility function approach to model system effectiveness as a time series of marginal contributions to an overall measure of effectiveness. We then provide a method for discounting the marginal effectiveness series into a single measure and discuss the descriptive and prescriptive value of our approach. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wall, KD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code 64 WA,1522 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kdwall@nps.navy.mil; jcfelli@Lilly.com NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2003 VL 8 IS 4 BP 5 EP 12 PG 8 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 942HY UT WOS:000230274700001 ER PT J AU Posadas, S Paulo, EP AF Posadas, S Paulo, EP TI Stochastic simulation of a commander's decision cycle SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB T his study develops a stochastic representation of a tactical commander's decision cycle and applies the model with the high-resolution combat simulation. The model implements a Bayesian Network representation of a conditional probability model for a commander's decision cycle. This Bayesian Network application was developed by C. D. Stephens, an operations analyst with the Marine Corps Combat Development Command (MCCDC). The study develops, applies and evaluates the effectiveness of the stochastic decision-making model. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM posadas@trac.wsmr.army.mil; eppaulo@nps.navy.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2003 VL 8 IS 2 BP 21 EP 43 PG 23 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 761UZ UT WOS:000187935000002 ER PT J AU Washburn, A AF Washburn, A TI Diffuse Gaussian multiple-shot patterns SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EXPECTED TARGET DAMAGE AB When multiple weapons are fired at a single target, it may not be best to fire all weapons directly at the target on account of errors common to all shots. The probability of hitting the target can sometimes be increased by firing the weapons in a pattern around the target, rather than directly at it. This observation leads naturally to the problem of finding the optimal pattern. The optimization problem is in general difficult because even calculating the hit probability for a given pattern usually requires numerical integrals. One exception is when errors are normally distributed and the damage function takes on a compatible "diffuse Gaussian" form. In that case, the hit probability can be expressed as an analytic function of the pattern's aimpoints, and conventional methods used to optimize it. This paper describes the required mathematics for a general diffuse Gaussian form, thus generalizing previous work. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Washburn, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM awashburn@nps.navy.mil NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2003 VL 8 IS 3 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 761VA UT WOS:000187935100004 ER PT J AU Simpson, H Oser, RL AF Simpson, H Oser, RL TI Evaluating large-scale training simulations SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB This article develops and describes a proposed training evaluation framework for large-scale training simulations (LSTS). These simulations may link together hundreds of participants at many different geographic locations and are more complex and costly than traditional training devices and simulators by an order of magnitude or more. The evaluation framework is based on a review and analysis of the literature pertaining to military training evaluation and ideas that have percolated up in the past dozen years from a small number of scientists engaged in LSTS evaluation. The analysis focuses on key evaluation questions: What is the purpose of the evaluation? Whose training is being evaluated? What is being evaluated? Where is the evaluation conducted? What evaluation methods are used? What are the evaluation criteria? What is the timing of evaluation events? The framework developed ties together evaluation events with prescribed objectives, timing, methods, and relevant evaluation criteria (dependent variables). It is intended to apply to any large-scale virtual, constructive, or advanced distributed simulation. C1 Def Manpower Data Ctr, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL USA. RP Simpson, H (reprint author), Def Manpower Data Ctr, 400 Gigling Rd, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2003 VL 15 IS 1 BP 25 EP 40 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1501_03 PG 16 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 667EV UT WOS:000182219000004 ER PT J AU Wilcove, GL Schwerin, MJ Wolosin, DG AF Wilcove, GL Schwerin, MJ Wolosin, DG TI An exploratory model of quality of life in the US Navy SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATISFACTION AB Previous quality of life (QOL) modeling efforts using data from U.S. Marine Corps personnel have identified specific domains that were related to Reenlistment Intention, with an overall measure of QOL serving as a mediating variable (Kerce, 1995; White, Baker, & Wolosin, 1999). This study examined the validity of applying the Kerce life domains model to U.S. Navy personnel. Structural equation modeling analyses failed to replicate the Kerce model of QOL. Exploratory analyses supported a model similar to Hart (1999) in which (a) life domains are divided into nonwork, or personal, domains and work domains; (b) personal domains are linked to Reenlistment Intention; and (c) work domains are linked with Reenlistment Intention through organizational commitment. C1 USN Personnel Res Studies & Technol, Millington, TN USA. Wolosin & Associates, Jackson, TN USA. RP Schwerin, MJ (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2003 VL 15 IS 2 BP 133 EP 152 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1502_3 PG 20 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 687NP UT WOS:000183383600003 ER PT J AU Baker, BT Hocevar, SP Johnson, WB AF Baker, BT Hocevar, SP Johnson, WB TI The prevalence and nature of service academy mentoring: A study of Navy midshipmen SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIENCES; WOMEN; ARMY; MEN AB Mentoring relationships (mentorships) are often considered essential for the effective career development of junior professionals in a range of fields. Although research on mentorships in the military indicates that mentoring correlates with both success and satisfaction, we know little about the mentorships of officers in training. In this study, 568 midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy (USNA) responded to a survey regarding their experience of having been mentored at USNA. Results indicated that 45% of midshipmen are mentored and that women are more likely to have a mentor (63%) than men (42%). Mentored midshipmen were significantly more satisfied with USNA, viewed mentorships as more important, and were more active mentors themselves. Salient mentor characteristics and functions were highly correlated with both personal and professional development. The authors discuss the implications of these findings and offer recommendations for extending this research. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2003 VL 15 IS 4 BP 273 EP 283 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1504_2 PG 11 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 746TL UT WOS:000186763700002 ER PT B AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF BE Arabnia, HR Kozerenko, EB TI Co-evolutionary data mining to deal with adaptive adversaries SO MLMTA'03: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MACHINE LEARNING; MODELS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Machine Learning - Models, Technologies and Applications (MLMTA 03) CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Appl Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE data mining; knowledge discovery; fuzzy logic; genetic algorithms; genetic programs; resource manager; expert systems AB An approach is being explored that involves embedding a fuzzy logic based resource manager in an electronic game environment. Game agents can function under their own autonomous logic or human control This approach automates the data mining problem. The game automatically creates a cleansed database reflecting the domain expert's knowledge, it calls a data mining function, a genetic algorithm, for data mining of the data base as required and allows easy evaluation of the information extracted. Co-evolutionary fitness functions are discussed. The strategy tree concept and its relationship to co-evolutionary data mining are examined as well as the associated phase space representation of fuzzy concepts. Co-evolutionary data mining alters the geometric properties of the overlap region known as the combined admissible region of phase space significantly enhancing the performance of the resource manager. Significant experimental results are provided. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-11-4 PY 2003 BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BX83B UT WOS:000186578100001 ER PT S AU Smith, KB Li, LS Lee, BC Kao, H AF Smith, KB Li, LS Lee, BC Kao, H BE Almorza, D Brebbia, CA Hernandez, R TI Sediment interface and volume reverberation modeling with the parabolic approximation SO MODELLING AND EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS IN ACOUSTICS III SE COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Modelling and Experimental Measurements in Acoustics CY 2003 CL CADIZ, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Cadiz, Spanish Acoust Soc ID LONG-RANGE REVERBERATION; PREDICTION AB A reverberation model based on the parabolic approximation has been developed that includes sediment interface and volume perturbations. A multiple forward/single backscatter approximation is made, and the structure of the solution is found to depend on the two-way propagation with a scattering strength scaling dependent on the local properties of the perturbation. The model has been implemented for continuous wave (CW) signals to predict mean reverberation pressure levels and for broadband pulse signals to generate complex reverberation structures in the time-domain. The spatial (vertical) correlation of these predicted signals is then analyzed in an attempt to extract information on the underlying characteristics of the perturbation. Preliminary analysis suggests that reverberation due to the volume perturbations decorrelates more rapidly over depth than the reverberation due to interface fluctuations for well-resolved multipaths, although these differences are shown to depend upon signal bandwidth and perturbation strength. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Smith, KB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1466-7266 BN 1-85312-975-5 J9 COMP EXPTL METHODS PY 2003 VL 9 BP 277 EP 296 PG 20 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BX46F UT WOS:000185350900027 ER PT J AU Hill, JM AF Hill, JM TI Chaucer and war SO MODERN LANGUAGE REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hill, JM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0026-7937 J9 MOD LANG REV JI Mod. Lang. Rev. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 98 BP 161 EP 162 DI 10.2307/3738189 PN 1 PG 2 WC Language & Linguistics; Literature SC Linguistics; Literature GA 640UK UT WOS:000180706200021 ER PT S AU Hull, AJ Hurdis, DA AF Hull, AJ Hurdis, DA BE Cartmell, MP TI An inverse method to measure the flexural wave properties of a beam SO MODERN PRACTICE IN STRESS AND VIBRATION ANALYSIS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Modern Practice in Stress and Vibration Analysis CY SEP 09-11, 2003 CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP UK Inst phys, Stress & Vibrat Grp DE Bernoulli-Euler beam; flexural wave; wave coefficient estimation; wave propagation; wavenumber estimation ID STRUCTURAL INTENSITY; DECOMPOSITION AB This paper describes an inverse method to measure the complex flexural wavenumber and wave propagation coefficients of a beam undergoing transverse motion. The formulation begins with the Bernoulli-Euler partial differential beam equation solved in terms of spatial trigonometric functions multiplied by a temporal harmonic response term. The resulting model is a nonlinear expression, which has five unknowns that consist of four wave propagation coefficients and the flexural wavenumber, and is written so that it is equal to data from seven equally spaced measurement locations on the beam. These equations, which are functions of the unknown parameters, are then inverted so that the unknowns become functions of the data. This operation allows the inverse method to be linear with respect to the beam parameters, yielding closed-form estimations. The method is independent of boundary conditions as it depends only on the measurements. An experiment is conducted in which a rectangular aluminum beam is vibrated transversely on a shaker table, with accelerometers recording the beam response data at the seven locations. The data were combined to estimate the flexural wavenumber, which was compared to a modeled wavenumber using assumed material properties for the beam, resulting in a very favorable comparison. Next, the wave propagation coefficients were estimated, although no comparison was made to the model because these coefficients depend on boundary conditions that are difficult to determine. Finally, the experimental response at a beam location is compared to a modeled response using the estimated parameters. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Submarine Sonar Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Hull, AJ (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Submarine Sonar Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-928-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 440-4 BP 329 EP 336 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BY26P UT WOS:000188594100041 ER PT S AU Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Newman, HS Mahon, R Goetz, PG Ebel, JL McGee, DJ AF Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Newman, HS Mahon, R Goetz, PG Ebel, JL McGee, DJ BE Smith, JH Krulevitch, PA Lakner, HK TI Measurement of thermal-mechanical noise in MEMS microstructures SO MOEMS AND MINATURIZED SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems III CY JAN 27-29, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, SolidState Technol, Sandia Natl Lab DE MEMS; MOEMS; optical MEMS; thermal-mechanical noise; microcavity; interferometry ID INTERFEROMETER; SYSTEMS; SENSORS; FILTER; MODE AB We report absolute measurements of thermal-mechanical noise in microelectromechanical systems. The measurements are made possible with a simple, high resolution optical technique that has a displacement resolution on the order of hundreds of femtometers per root Hz at frequencies of tens of kHz. The measured noise spectrum agrees with the calculated noise level to within 25%, a discrepancy most likely due to uncertainty in the effective dynamic mass of the vibrating bridge. These measurements demonstrate that thermal-mechanical noise can be the dominant noise source in actuated microelectromechanical devices. This noise will become even more pronounced as the size of mechanical devices continues to shrink. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stievater@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4783-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 4983 BP 26 EP 33 DI 10.1117/12.472753 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BW40F UT WOS:000181865000006 ER PT J AU Feresenbet, EB Dalcanale, E Dulcey, C Shenoy, DK AF Feresenbet, EB Dalcanale, E Dulcey, C Shenoy, DK TI A surface plasmon resonance investigation of the selective interaction of organic vapors with cavitands SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Discotic Liquid Crystals CY NOV 25-29, 2002 CL TRIESTE, ITALY DE macrocyclic compounds; cavitands; columnar phase; gas sensing; selectivity; surface plasmon resonance ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; NEMATIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; HOST-GUEST COMPLEXATION; GAS-PHASE; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; NEUTRAL MOLECULES; SENSOR ARRAYS; RECEPTORS; SENSITIVITY; HUMIDITY AB A class of supramolecules, called cavitands, that have been shown to exhibit discotic phases depending on the structure, are shown to have potential for sensing applications. Certain cavitands (macrocyclic compounds based on resorcinarenes) display selectivity of interactions with organic vapors. We use Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) to demonstrate this principle. The two cavitands chosen for this study, had both a different size and shape of the preorganized cavity and were exposed to a variety of aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons. QxCav-1 (cavitand) was found to have a marked preference for the aromatic compounds; with the sequence of selectivity, determined by SPR to be nitrobenzene > toluene > benzene. MeCav-2 (cavitand) on the other hand, showed higher selectivity to dichloromethane with respect to aromatic vapors at room temperature. Cavitands therefore represent attractive sensing materials, with potential for application in devices using optical transduction schemes based on a refractive index change. C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Parma, Dipartimento Chim Organ & Ind, I-43100 Parma, Italy. UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43100 Parma, Italy. RP Shenoy, DK (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Dalcanale, Enrico/A-6352-2012; OI Dalcanale, Enrico/0000-0001-6964-788X NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2003 VL 397 BP 585 EP 594 DI 10.1080/15421400390214257 PN 2 PG 10 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 709RT UT WOS:000184638700021 ER PT S AU Kushmerick, JG Pollack, SK Yang, JC Naciri, J Holt, DB Ratner, MA Shashidhar, R AF Kushmerick, JG Pollack, SK Yang, JC Naciri, J Holt, DB Ratner, MA Shashidhar, R BE Reimers, JR Picconatto, CA Ellenbogen, JC Shashidhar, R TI Understanding charge transport in molecular electronics SO MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS III SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th United-Engineering-Foundation Conference on Molecular Electronics, Science and Technology CY DEC 15-19, 2002 CL KEY WEST, FL SP United Engn Fdn Inc, Def Adv Res Projects Lab, Naval Res Lab, MITRE Corp DE molecular electronics; metal-molecule-metal junctions; tunnel junctions; charge transport ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; METAL JUNCTIONS; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; DISTANCE DEPENDENCE; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; FREE-ENERGY; WIRES; CONDUCTANCE; CONDUCTIVITY AB For molecular electronics to become a viable technology the factors that control charge transport across a metal-molecule-metal junction need to be elucidated. We use an experimentally simple crossed-wire tunnel junction to interrogate how factors such as metal-molecule coupling, molecular structure, and the choice of metal electrode influence the current-voltage characteristics of a molecular junction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL USA. RP Kushmerick, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kushmerick@nrl.navy.mil RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008 NR 62 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-488-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 1006 BP 277 EP 290 DI 10.1196/annals.1292.019 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BY31R UT WOS:000188893600019 PM 14976024 ER PT S AU Arnold, CB Aziz, MJ AF Arnold, CB Aziz, MJ BE Aziz, MJ Bartelt, NC Berbezier, I Hannon, JB Hearne, SJ TI Kinetic modeling of dopant and impurity surface segregation during vapor phase growth: Multiple mechanism approach SO MORPHOLOGICAL AND COMPOSITIONAL EVOLUTION OF THIN FILMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Morphological and Compositional Evolution of Thin Films CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; MAGNETORESISTANCE; SB AB We propose a new kinetic model for surface segregation during vapor phase growth that accounts for multiple segregation mechanisms, including mechanisms for terrace mediated exchange and step edge mediated exchange. The major result of the model is an analytic expression for the experimentally measured segregation length and profile broadening that can be readily calculated without the need for numerical simulations. We compare the model to experimental measurements for the temperature dependence of segregation of Sb in Si(001). The model is able to accurately describe both the anomalous segregation at low temperature and the transition between equilibrium and kinetically limited segregation at high temperature. An excellent agreement is obtained using realistic energies and pre-exponential factors for the kinetic rate constants. The model can be applied to other segregating systems in planar geometries, including metallic and III-V semiconducting thin films. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Arnold, CB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bartelt, Norman/G-2927-2012 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-686-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 749 BP 247 EP 253 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BX36X UT WOS:000185075500038 ER PT J AU Li, YF Ling, H Chen, V AF Li, YF Ling, H Chen, V TI An algorithm to detect the presence of 3D target motion from ISAR data SO MULTIDIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE radar imaging; motion compensation; 3D motion detection AB We present an algorithm to detect the presence of 3D target motion from ISAR data. Based on the 3D point scatterer model, we first examine the effect of 3D motion on ISAR imaging. It is shown that existing motion compensation algorithms cannot properly focus targets exhibiting 3D motion during the imaging interval. An algorithm is then derived to blindly detect the degree of 3D target motion from raw radar data. It is based on measuring the linearity of phases between two or more point scatterers on the target. The phase estimation is implemented using the adaptive joint time-frequency technique. Examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the 3D motion detection algorithm with both simulation and real ISAR data. The detection results are corroborated with the truth motion data from on-board motion sensors and correlated with the resulting ISAR images. C1 Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Elect Engn, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Res Lab, Airborne Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, YF (reprint author), Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Elect Engn, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-6082 J9 MULTIDIM SYST SIGN P JI Multidimens. Syst. Signal Process. PD JAN-JUL PY 2003 VL 14 IS 1-3 BP 223 EP 240 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 642BA UT WOS:000180782600013 ER PT S AU Pande, CS Masumura, RA AF Pande, CS Masumura, RA BE Berndt, CC Fischer, TE Ovidko, I Skandan, G Tsakalakos, T TI Deformation and coble creep of nanocrystalline materials SO NANOMATERIALS FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanomaterials for Structural Applications held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID HALL-PETCH RELATION; GRAIN-SIZE; YIELD STRESS; BEHAVIOR; COPPER AB Modeling of strengthening by nanocrystalline materials need consideration of dislocation interactions and sliding due to Coble creep, both of which may be acting simultaneously. Such a mechanism is considered in this paper. It is shown that a model based on using Coble creep (with a threshold stress) for finer grains and conventional Hall-Petch strengthening for larger grains, appears to be most successful in explaining experimental, results provided care is taken to incorporate into the analysis the effect of grain size distribution occurring in most specimens. A generalized expression relating yield stress to grain size is also proposed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-677-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 740 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW62S UT WOS:000182613300001 ER PT S AU Pao, PS Jones, HN Gill, SJ Feng, CR AF Pao, PS Jones, HN Gill, SJ Feng, CR BE Berndt, CC Fischer, TE Ovidko, I Skandan, G Tsakalakos, T TI Tensile deformation and fatigue crack growth in bulk nanocrystalline Al-7.5Mg SO NANOMATERIALS FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanomaterials for Structural Applications held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID AL; ALLOY; STABILITY AB The fatigue crack growth kinetics and tensile deformation of bulk nanocrystalline Al-7.5Mg were investigated. Nanocrystalline particulates were first prepared by mechanically ball milling spray atomized Al-7.5Mg powders in liquid nitrogen. These particulates were then degassed, consolidated by hot isostatic pressing, and extruded into rods. Bulk nanocrystalline Al-7.5Mg has significantly higher fatigue crack growth rates and lower fatigue crack growth thresholds than those of ingot-processed 7050-T7451. The fatigue crack growth thresholds exhibit only a weak stress ratio dependency and can be identified as having a Class I behavior when using the fatigue classification proposed by Vasudevan and Sadananda. In 3.5% NaCl solution, fatigue crack growth rates of bulk nanocrystalline Al-7.5Mg are as much as three times higher than those obtained in air. Tensile fracture of bulk nanocrystalline Al-7.5Mg is preceded by the formation of a localized shear band. In contrast to the low dislocation density in the as-extruded material, the gage section and the shear band region both exhibited a high dislocation density and dislocation cell structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pao, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-677-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 740 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW62S UT WOS:000182613300002 ER PT B AU Pande, CS Masumura, RA AF Pande, CS Masumura, RA BE Tsakalakos, T Ovidko, IA Vasudevan, AK TI Current status of grain growth modelling with special reference to nanocrystalline materials SO NANOSTRUCTURES: SYNTHESIS, FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Synthesis, Functional Properties and Applications of Nanostructures CY JUN 29-JUL 09, 2001 CL Iraklion, GREECE SP NATO Adv Study Inst ID STOCHASTIC-THEORY; SIMULATION; BOUNDARIES; METALS AB Current situations in the modeling of grain growth are critically reviewed. The models of Hillert, Lucke et al,, and Mullins are reviewed briefly and shown to be inadequate in describing one or more features of grain growth phenomenon. It is well known that models of Hillert and Lucke and co-workers do not give the correct description of the grain size distribution. Mullins' model, although it gives a correct distribution, still fails because it cannot even, in principle, explain the well known fact that the scaled distribution, obtained after the initial growth, is independent of the initial distribution. An approach based on the stochastic methods leads to a more realistic model. The application of these results, to the growth of nanocrystalline materials, is considered. Here it is shown, that the mobility of the triple junctions may play a significant role. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6325, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1753-7 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2003 VL 128 BP 169 EP 178 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BY74R UT WOS:000189453200009 ER PT B AU Butler, JE Feygelson, T Sekaric, L Craighead, H Wang, J Nguyen, CTC AF Butler, JE Feygelson, T Sekaric, L Craighead, H Wang, J Nguyen, CTC BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Diamond materials for MEMS and NEMS structures and devices SO NANOTECH 2003, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2003) CY FEB 23-27, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Ardesta, LLC, Swiss Nanotechnol Initiat, Belgian Nanotechnol Initiat, Oppenheimer wolff & Donnelly LLP, Accelrys Inc, Ciphergen Biosyst Inc, Motorola Inc, ANSYS Inc, COMSOL, Thomson, Derwent, M&W Zander US Operat Inc, Small Times Media DE diamond; MEMS; NEMS; resonators ID NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; FILMS AB Diamond materials offer great potential for many microelectro-mechanical system (MEMS) and nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) applications. Amongst the attractive technological properties of diamond materials are the high stiffness, thermal conductivity, optical transparency range, chemical stability and erosion resistance, and dopant controlled variable electrical resistivity. The nucleation and growth by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition of conformal nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films ranging in thickness from 100 nm to 5 microns, and the fabrication of MEMS and NEMS structures integrated with Si based substrates are presented. These nanocrystalline films have been shown to have high optical quality, high thermal conductivity and a Young's modulus nearly that of single crystal diamond. The results of various characterizations of the material quality will be given, along with examples of several MEMS and NEMS structures and devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Butler, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6174, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9728422-0-9 PY 2003 BP 474 EP 477 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BAN93 UT WOS:000223045100122 ER PT B AU Calvin, S Carpenter, EE Stroud, RM Harris, VG AF Calvin, S Carpenter, EE Stroud, RM Harris, VG BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Characterization of core/shell nanoparticles by X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO NANOTECH 2003, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2003) CY FEB 23-27, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Ardesta, LLC, Swiss Nanotechnol Initiat, Belgian Nanotechnol Initiat, Oppenheimer wolff & Donnelly LLP, Accelrys Inc, Ciphergen Biosyst Inc, Motorola Inc, ANSYS Inc, COMSOL, Thomson, Derwent, M&W Zander US Operat Inc, Small Times Media DE XAS; EXAFS; XANES; nanoparticles; core/shell AB Nanoparticles with iron cores and oxide shells were prepared by a reverse micellar method in which a number of synthetic variables were investigated. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) was used to determine that the fraction of oxide present was between 35 and 50% in most cases; this was consistent with TEM images. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) was then used to determine the structure of the iron cores. Depending on the surfactant used in the synthesis, up to 50% of the cores were nanocrystalline bcc iron, with the remainder adopting an amorphous configuration based on a close-packed structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calvin, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Code 6340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010; Calvin, Scott/A-9589-2009 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318; NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9728422-2-5 PY 2003 BP 82 EP 85 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BAN98 UT WOS:000223047000022 ER PT B AU Harrison, JA Mikulski, PT Stuart, SJ Tutein, AB AF Harrison, JA Mikulski, PT Stuart, SJ Tutein, AB BE Hsu, SM Ying, ZC TI Dependence of frictional properties of hydrocarbon chains on tip contact area SO NANOTRIBOLOGY: CRITICAL ASSESSMENT AND RESEARCH NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nanotribology CY MAR 13-15, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Natl Sci Fdn, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Univ Maryland, Sandia Natl Lab HO NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LENGTH DEPENDENCE; COMPRESSION; SURFACE; DIAMOND; FILMS; GOLD; ALKANETHIOLS C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 1-4020-7298-8 PY 2003 BP 55 EP 62 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BW03D UT WOS:000180672700005 ER PT B AU Babcock, WG AF Babcock, WG BE Hsu, SM Ying, ZC TI Tribological issues in the implementation of a MEMS- based torpedo safety and arming device SO NANOTRIBOLOGY: CRITICAL ASSESSMENT AND RESEARCH NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nanotribology CY MAR 13-15, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Natl Sci Fdn, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Univ Maryland, Sandia Natl Lab HO NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL AB NSWC-Indian Head Division is designing and prototyping a MEMS-based Safety and Arming device for deployment in the next generation of small, multi-platform torpedoes. Designs under consideration utilize either LIGA-Nickel, deep reactive ion etch (DRIE) or-thin optical lithography nickel barriers, actuators and other moveable, spring supported structures. Critical issues for these devices will be sticking and sliding friction, wear during use, and surface morphology induced "snagging" and friction. In both the nickel-based and the silicon-based structures, there will be a need to characterize and quantify surface roughness and surface films (both intentional films deposited during fabrication and unintentional films resulting from environmental exposure). Another issue will be the long term effects of transportation and storage on the these structures such as how they might suffer from vibration-induced fretting corrosion or surface wear, and how these tribological phenomena might degrade performance when the time comes for the device to be put to use. C1 UNS, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Babcock, WG (reprint author), UNS, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 1-4020-7298-8 PY 2003 BP 185 EP 195 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BW03D UT WOS:000180672700015 ER PT J AU Jaiswal, JK Mattoussi, H Mauro, JM Simon, SM AF Jaiswal, JK Mattoussi, H Mauro, JM Simon, SM TI Long-term multiple color imaging of live cells using quantum dot bioconjugates SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DICTYOSTELIUM-DISCOIDEUM; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; LIVING CELLS AB Luminescent quantum dots (QDs)-semiconductor nanocrystals-are a promising alternative to organic dyes for fluorescence-based applications. We have developed procedures for using QDs to label live cells and have demonstrated their use for long-term multicolor imaging of live cells. The two approaches presented are (i) endocytic uptake of QDs and (ii) selective labeling of cell surface proteins with QDs conjugated to antibodies. Live cells labeled using these approaches were used for long-term multicolor imaging. The cells remained stably labeled for over a week as they grew and developed. These approaches should permit the simultaneous study of multiple cells over long periods of time as they proceed through growth and development. C1 Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Simon, SM (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, 1230 York Ave,Box 304, New York, NY 10021 USA. RI Jaiswal, Jyoti/M-5891-2013 OI Jaiswal, Jyoti/0000-0002-5992-5185 NR 23 TC 1450 Z9 1546 U1 32 U2 290 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 21 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.1038/nbt.767 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 632DV UT WOS:000180209200023 PM 12459736 ER PT J AU Ma, W Li, BS Maric, D Zhao, WQ Lin, HJ Zhang, L Pant, HC Barker, JL AF Ma, W Li, BS Maric, D Zhao, WQ Lin, HJ Zhang, L Pant, HC Barker, JL TI Ethanol blocks both basic fibroblast growth factor- and carbachol-mediated neuroepithelial cell expansion with differential effects on carbachol-activated signaling pathways SO NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE neural precursor cells; muscarinic acetylcholine receptors; proliferation; apoptosis; protein phosphorylation; Ca2+ signaling ID PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA PC12 CELLS; FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; PROGENITOR CELLS; ASTROGLIAL CELLS; BINDING PROTEIN; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; CYCLE KINETICS; DNA-SYNTHESIS AB We have expanded neuroepithelial cells dissociated from the embryonic rat telencephalon in serum-free defined medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in order to generate a model neuroepithelium to study the interaction of ethanol with both growth factor- and transmitter-stimulated proliferation. Ethanol blocked proliferation stimulated by bFGF and by carbachol, an agonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ethanol attenuated autonomous expansion of neuroepithelial cells occurring following withdrawal of bFGF. The latter effect was associated with an increase in the number of apoptotic cells identified by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling labeling. We studied the effects of ethanol on carbachol-stimulated signaling pathways critical to its proliferative effects. Ethanol significantly reduced carbachol-stimulated Ca2+ signaling, as well as Erk1/Erk2, Akt and cyclic AMP-response element-binding phosphorylations in a dose-dependent manner. Comparison of the potency of ethanol in attenuating carbachol-stimulated proliferation and signal transduction showed that mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation was less sensitive to ethanol than the other parameters. The results indicate that ethanol's suppression of proliferation induced by carbachol in this model neuroepithelium likely involves multiple signaling pathways. These effects in vitro may help to explain the devastating effects of prenatal ethanol exposure in vivo, which contribute to the fetal alcohol syndrome. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of IBRO. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NINDS, Neurochem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NINDS, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosci Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Ma, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4522 J9 NEUROSCIENCE JI Neuroscience PY 2003 VL 118 IS 1 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00812-6 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 669MJ UT WOS:000182354800006 PM 12676135 ER PT S AU Xiao, MQ Kang, W AF Xiao, MQ Kang, W BE Kang, W Xiao, MQ Borges, C TI Control of Hopf bifurcations for infinite-dimensional nonlinear systems SO NEW TRENDS IN NONLINEAR DYNAMICS AND CONTROL, AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE LECTURE NOTES IN CONTROL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Trends in Nonlinear Dynamics and Control, and Their Applications CY OCT 18-19, 2002 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP USAF, Off Sci Res, Natl Sci Fdn ID LOCAL FEEDBACK STABILIZATION AB This paper addresses the problem of local feedback stabilization of Hopf bifurcations for infinite dimensional systems. The systems are nonlinear, in which the linearization has a simple conjugate pair of eigenvalues on the imaginary axis. All other eigenvalues of the system lie strictly in the left half-plane. Using the integral averaging method, the normal form of nonlinear systems in polar coordinates is derived. Based on the normal form, several nonlinear control laws are derived to stabilize or destabilize the periodic solutions generated by the Hopf bifurcation. C1 So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Xiao, MQ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 3-540-40474-0 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2003 VL 295 BP 101 EP 116 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Mathematics GA BX62W UT WOS:000185937200007 ER PT S AU Ross, IM Fahroo, F AF Ross, IM Fahroo, F BE Kang, W Xiao, MQ Borges, C TI Legendre pseudospectral approximations of optimal control problems SO NEW TRENDS IN NONLINEAR DYNAMICS AND CONTROL, AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE LECTURE NOTES IN CONTROL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Trends in Nonlinear Dynamics and Control, and Their Applications CY OCT 18-19, 2002 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP USAF, Off Sci Res, Natl Sci Fdn AB We consider nonlinear optimal control problems with mixed state-control constraints. A discretization of the Bolza problem by a Legendre pseudospectral method is considered. It is shown that the operations of discretization and dualization are not commutative. A set of Closure Conditions are introduced to commute these operations. An immediate consequence of this is a Covector Mapping Theorem (CMT) that provides an order-preserving transformation of the Lagrange multipliers associated with the discretized problem to the discrete covectors associated with the optimal control problem. A natural consequence of the CMT is that for pure state-constrained problems, the dual variables can be easily related to the D-form of the Lagrangian of the Hamiltonian. We demonstrate the practical advantage of our results by numerically solving a state-constrained optimal control problem without deriving the necessary conditions. The costates obtained by an application of our CMT show excellent agreement with the exact analytical solution. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ross, IM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 17 TC 113 Z9 117 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 3-540-40474-0 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2003 VL 295 BP 327 EP 342 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Mathematics GA BX62W UT WOS:000185937200021 ER PT B AU Bharadwaj, R AF Bharadwaj, R BE Titsworth, F TI Secure middleware for situation-aware naval C-2 and combat systems SO NINTH IEEE WORKSHOP ON FUTURE TRENDS OF DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems CY MAY 28-30, 2003 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Comp Soc, Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Comp Sci AB There is an increasing need within the Navy & Marine Corps for building distributed situation-aware applications that axe rapidly reconfigurable and survivable in the face of attacks and changing mission needs. For the Navy's vision of Network Centric Warfare and Total Ship Computing to succeed, there is an urgent need for a secure, robust, and survivable network infrastructure for disseminating mission-critical information in a timely manner. It is widely believed that intelligent software agents provide the ability to build robust, agile, and efficient distributed applications. We outline how SINS (Secure Infrastructure for Networked Systems) being developed at the Naval Research Laboratory will provide commanders and warfighters the necessary middleware for constructing situation-aware Command and Control (C-2) and combat applications. We pay particular attention to the correctness, survivability, and efficiency of the underlying middleware architecture, and develop a middleware definition language SOL (Secure Operations Language) that enables C-2 and Combat applications to use this infrastructure in a seamless and scalable manner. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ramesh@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1910-5 PY 2003 BP 233 EP 239 DI 10.1109/FTDCS.2003.1204342 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW87B UT WOS:000183435100032 ER PT B AU Davis, WR Lasser, B AF Davis, WR Lasser, B BE Green, RE Djordjevic, BB Hentschel, MP TI Real-time ultrasonic imaging using CCD camera techniques SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS XI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Deutsch Gesell Zerstor Freie Pruf e V AB Ultrasonic testing of structural components is well established as one of the industry's benchmark techniques. Its capability to penetrate both thin and thick material provides arguably the best information to inspectors on subsurface faults. However, there are two basic drawbacks to its use: its complexity of use and its slow speed. Real-time Ultrasonic Imaging solves both of these issues by providing an easily understood image with high quality subsurface information about flaws and discontinuities that are observed in 1/30 second. The basis for this technology is a novel two-dimensional imaging array that creates immediate, high-resolution images of subsurface faults. Each frame, presented at TV rates or faster, presents a C-scan image over an area. Image processing performs real time video enhancement such as brightness, contrast, noise reduction, large montage images, etc. Specific discontinuities that offer a substantial potential for this technique include subsurface cracking, voids, impact damage, delaminations and corrosion. This ultrasonic camera is composed of a sending transducer, acoustic lenses and an imaging array. The first generation imaging array was developed by modifying an infrared charge coupled device (CCD) camera to image sound waves. This technology has made it possible to perform real-time ultrasonic imaging capable of imaging discontinuities on the order of 0.1 mm. The physics for the formation of images is very similar to light imaging including the use of standard programs for the design of focusing lenses. Therefore applications include both wide area inspection for larger discontinuities and small area inspection with high magnification. This presentation will focus on the evaluation of the digital acoustic video system (DAV) by the Boeing Vertol Company and some future applications. DAV has been successfully adapted to image fine corrosion and cracks in aluminum; skin-to-honeycomb disbonds, crushed core, resin starvation and delaminations in composite materials; and blood vessels (etc) in human tissues. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Davis, WR (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-40154-7 PY 2003 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BX54E UT WOS:000185641800021 ER PT B AU Liu, JM AF Liu, JM BE Green, RE Djordjevic, BB Hentschel, MP TI Characterization of layered dielectric composites by radar techniques SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS XI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Deutsch Gesell Zerstor Freie Pruf e V ID MATRIX PENCIL METHOD AB We report an approach to extract the dielectric properties and the layer thickness in a composite sandwich structure using a multiple frequency microwave technique. A simple plane wave model is used to calculate the amplitude and time of arrival for the reflection from each boundary. Frequency domain data are converted by either Fourier Transform or the Matrix Pencil Method to peak amplitude and time of arrival. Using a Simplex search algorithm, material properties and thickness are found by minimizing the square of the errors between the theoretical and experimental data set. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Welding & NDE Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Liu, JM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Welding & NDE Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-40154-7 PY 2003 BP 291 EP 295 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BX54E UT WOS:000185641800039 ER PT B AU Liu, JM AF Liu, JM BE Green, RE Djordjevic, BB Hentschel, MP TI Mapping of porosity clusters in marine composites using millimeter wave SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS XI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Deutsch Gesell Zerstor Freie Pruf e V AB Composites for marine applications typically are several inches thick, with a layer architecture. These composites can be tens of feet in dimensions laterally and vertically. Many are made of a polymer-based composite sheets sandwiched between a core of rigid foam or balsa wood. The manufacturing processes used are less elaborate than those used for aerospace structures. We present in this paper a non-contact technique using millimeter wave for the characterization of porosity clusters in composite specimens, using a focussed beam in E band. The measurement system consists of electronics originally designed for automobile collision avoidance purposes. We present maps of porosity clusters and make comparison with visual images. Improvements in image contrast achieved by the application of image processing techniques will be demonstrated. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Welding & NDE Branch, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Liu, JM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Welding & NDE Branch, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-40154-7 PY 2003 BP 325 EP 329 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BX54E UT WOS:000185641800043 ER PT B AU Lipetzky, KG Warren, JM AF Lipetzky, KG Warren, JM BE Green, RE Djordjevic, BB Hentschel, MP TI Nondestructive characterization of lattice block material (TM) SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS XI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Deutsch Gesell Zerstor Freie Pruf e V AB Lattice block material(TM), or LBM(TM), is a unique lightweight structure consisting of repeated cells with an internal node connected to 10 ligaments (on average) that form a truss-like structure with a high strength-to-weight ratio. Lattice block material(TM) can be manufactured by various methods using a range of materials including metals, alloys and polymers, with the ultimate structure taking on many different forms. In the current investigation, a cast stainless steel (CF-3M) LBM(TM) structure was fabricated for shipboard applications. Being a novel structure, unique in design and innovative core building elements (the LBM(TM)) there were no existing guidelines on how to inspect the LBM(TM) assembly. Furthermore, differences in product design, materials selection and manufacturing process can lead to uncertainty as to the overall performance of a given end product, and this is particularly true during the early design phases of developing a prototype. For this reason a variety of methods were utilized to characterize the cast stainless steel LBM(TM) structure, including, mechanical testing, metallography, chemical analysis, finite element analysis, and nondestructive evaluation (NDE). This paper focuses on the nondestructive methods of characterization, specifically visual inspection, x-ray radiography, x-ray computed tomography and sonic infrared thermography have all been found to be effective means for performing quality assurance checks of the LBM(TM) structure. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Lipetzky, KG (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-40154-7 PY 2003 BP 575 EP 581 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BX54E UT WOS:000185641800073 ER PT B AU Mignogna, RB Bayles, RA AF Mignogna, RB Bayles, RA BE Green, RE Djordjevic, BB Hentschel, MP TI Magnetic and thermal sensing during fatigue SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS XI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Deutsch Gesell Zerstor Freie Pruf e V AB Simultaneous. magnetic and thermal observations were made of ferromagnetic specimens during cyclic loading (fatigue). The magnetic measurements were made with a magnetometer having a 3 mm diameter probe and thermal scanning was done with a high-speed (430 frames/second) infrared camera having a 128 x 128 focal plane array. A defect was placed in the sample in order to initiate failure at a known location. Material generated magnetic field changes resulting from fatigue would be expected to remain localized to the damage site. Magnetic and infrared sensing of fatigue has the potential to be used as a tool for detecting fatigue damage sites in ferromagnetic materials before any visible signs appear. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mignogna, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-40154-7 PY 2003 BP 767 EP 772 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BX54E UT WOS:000185641800098 ER PT J AU Menaldi, JL Sritharan, SS AF Menaldi, JL Sritharan, SS TI Impulse control of stochastic Navier-Stokes equations SO NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-THEORY METHODS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE impulse control; stochastic Navier-Stokes equation; dynamic programming; variational inequality; variational data assimilation; stochastic optimal control C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Math, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USN, SPAWAR, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Menaldi, JL (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Math, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. OI Sritharan, Sivaguru/0000-0003-2845-332X NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0362-546X J9 NONLINEAR ANAL-THEOR JI Nonlinear Anal.-Theory Methods Appl. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 52 IS 2 BP 357 EP 381 AR PII S0362-546X(01)00722-2 DI 10.1016/S0362-546X(01)00722-2 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 640KT UT WOS:000180688600001 ER PT S AU Thompson, PE Bennett, J Crosby, R Twigg, ME AF Thompson, PE Bennett, J Crosby, R Twigg, ME BE Gardner, MI DeGendt, S Maria, JP Stemmer, S TI The effect of SiGe barriers on the thermal stability of highly B-doped Si surface layers SO NOVEL MATERIALS AND PROCESSES FOR ADVANCED CMOS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Novel Materials and Processes for Advanced CMOS held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-04, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ASM Int, ASML, Kojundo Chem Lab Co Ltd ID BORON; SILICON AB We have investigated the use of low-temperature (320 degreesC) molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) to form highly conductive, p(+), ultra-shallow layers in Si. Although the as-grown B-doped Si is electrically active, in a practical application the doped layers may be exposed to high temperature during post-growth device processing. To minimize the B diffusion, we investigated the use of SiGe diffusion barrier layers. In this work we demonstrate there is less B redistribution with the SiGe diffusion barriers. The use of SiGe diffusion barriers may prove to be critical in the activation of B implants for the formation of ultra-shallow junctions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thompson, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-682-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 745 BP 87 EP 92 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BW52P UT WOS:000182316500013 ER PT J AU Hull, EL Pehl, RH Tindall, C Luke, PN Kurfess, JD AF Hull, EL Pehl, RH Tindall, C Luke, PN Kurfess, JD TI Radiation damage and charge collection effects in S(Li) gamma-ray detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Si(Li) detector; radiation damage; gamma ray ID TEMPERATURE AB The spectroscopy performance of 6-mm thick Si(Li) planar detectors was studied as a function of operating temperature and electric field. The energy resolution of the 662-keV gamma-ray peak from a Cs-137 source was used to monitor the spectroscopy performance of the detectors. The efficiency, depletion voltage, leakage current, and noise were also monitored. The effects of radiation damage caused by 200-MeV protons were studied to determine the viability of operation in space. Four detectors, two maintained at 88 K and two maintained at 212 K, were irradiated to a fluence of 8.7 x 10(8)p/cm(2). No effects were observed. The two detectors irradiated at 212K were subsequently irradiated with an additional 8.7 x 10(9) p/cm(2), again at 212 K. These detectors then exhibited slight energy resolution degradation. No other radiation damage effects were observed. The resolution degradation increased at higher operating temperature and decreased with higher electric field. Cycling the detectors to room temperature for 14 h eliminated the resolution degradation. The resolution of these detectors is limited by the combination of ballistic deficit and parallel noise in the similar to220 K range. A significant decrease in the gamma-ray peak count rate, almost certainly caused by surface channel effects, was the most dramatic temperature-dependent effect observed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hull, EL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 62-313, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 496 IS 1 BP 123 EP 128 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01619-4 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01619-4 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 636VM UT WOS:000180478000010 ER PT J AU Choi, YS Sun, GY George, C Nicklaus, MC Kelley, JA Marquez, VE AF Choi, YS Sun, GY George, C Nicklaus, MC Kelley, JA Marquez, VE TI Synthesis and conformational analysis of a locked analogue of carbovir built on a bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-enyl template SO NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS LA English DT Article DE carbocyclic nucleosides; carbovir analogue; bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-enyl; template; conformationally locked; anti-HIV ID NUCLEOSIDES; 2',3'-DIDEHYDRO-2',3'-DIDEOXYGUANOSINE; PSEUDOROTATION; STAVUDINE; ABACAVIR; DENSITY; AGENT AB The synthesis and biological evaluation of a carbovir analogue (5) built on a bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-enyl template is described. A conformational analysis using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G* level has been carried out on the rigid pseudosugar template of 5, the cyclopentene moiety of carbovir and the bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl pseudosugars of two isomeric carbonucleosides (12 and 13) containing exo- and endo-fused cyclopropane rings. The results show that while the planar configuration of the fused cyclopentane ring of compound 5 helps retain weak anti-HIV activity, the ability of the cyclopentene ring of carbovir to easily adopt a planar or puckered conformation with little energy penalty may prove to be a crucial advantage. The bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl nucleosides 12 and 13 that were inactive against HIV exhibited stiffer resistance to having a planar, fused cyclopentane moiety. C1 NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Ctr Canc Res, Med Chem LabNHI, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Ctr Canc Res, Med Chem LabNHI, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM marquezv@dc37a.nci.nih.gov RI Nicklaus, Marc/N-4183-2014; Choi, Yongseok/F-8375-2012 OI Choi, Yongseok/0000-0002-3622-3439 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1525-7770 EI 1532-2335 J9 NUCLEOS NUCLEOT NUCL JI Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids PY 2003 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2077 EP 2091 DI 10.1081/NCN-120026631 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 753DF UT WOS:000187216100002 PM 14714758 ER PT J AU Cotten, GB Eldredge, HB Navratil, JD AF Cotten, GB Eldredge, HB Navratil, JD TI Magnetic filtration/adsorption process for Snake River Plain Groundwater Treatment SO NUKLEONIKA LA English DT Article DE groundwater; magnetic filtration; magnetite AB A magnetic filtration/adsorption process has been evaluated for development for groundwater treatment at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). The process uses inexpensive magnetite (FeO.Fe2O3) in a supported mode surrounded by an external magnetic field. Prior studies have been shown to remove actinides and fission products in laboratory studies. This research has focused on supporting magnetite in an economical manner that promotes both magnetic filtration/adsorption of metal species and satisfactory water flow. The process utilizes the natural metal ion adsorptive properties of magnetite as well as the High Gradient Magnetic Separation (HGMS) effect for removing metal colloids and submicron particles. Results are presented on scoping studies for developing the process for groundwater treatment at the INEEL. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Eldredge Engn, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. Clemson Univ, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. RP Cotten, GB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY TECHNOLOGY PI WARSAW PA DORODNA 16 STR, 03-195 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0029-5922 J9 NUKLEONIKA JI Nukleonika PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Physics, Nuclear SC Chemistry; Physics GA 653QL UT WOS:000181448300005 ER PT J AU Gherman, RB AF Gherman, RB TI A guest editorial: New insights to shoulder dystocia and brachial plexus palsy SO OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY LA English DT Editorial Material ID IN-UTERO INJURY; RISK-FACTORS; DELIVERY; FORCES C1 USN, Bethesda Navel Hosp, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Ob Gyn,Div Mat FetalMed, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Gherman, RB (reprint author), USN, Bethesda Navel Hosp, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Ob Gyn,Div Mat FetalMed, 8901 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7828 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL SURV JI Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 58 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1097/00006254-200301000-00001 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 692ZK UT WOS:000183690000001 PM 12544784 ER PT S AU Lee, ZP Carder, KL Patch, J Barnard, A Otis, D Trees, CC AF Lee, ZP Carder, KL Patch, J Barnard, A Otis, D Trees, CC BE Frouin, RJ Yuan, Y Kawamura, H TI Water properties derived from water color versus measured from water sample: application of a new color-inversion algorithm SO OCEAN REMOTE SENSING AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Remote Sensing and Applications CY OCT 24-26, 2002 CL HANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Oceanog, SPIE, NASA Earth Sci Technol Off, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Commun Res Lab, NOAA, Minist Sci & Technol, China Assoc Sci & Technol, SOA, Chinese Meteorol Adm, CNSA, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Aerosp Cooperat Sci & Technol, City Gov Hangzhou, Michigan Aerosp Corp, NASDA DE optical properties; inversion algorithms; chlorophyll-a concentrations ID OCEAN COLOR; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; PHYTOPLANKTON; REFLECTANCE; MODEL AB Apply a newly developed ocean-color inversion algorithm to measurements made in the west Florida Shelf and off the California coast, we derived the particle backscattering coefficient and the total absorption coefficient. From the derived total absorption coefficient, we calculated the absorption coefficients of the phytoplankton pigments and that of the gelbstoff (Colored Dissolved Organic Matter). From the derived pigment absorption coefficients, we further calculated the chlorophyll-a concentrations. These derived values were compared with those measured from water samples. It is found that the derived values are very consistent with those measured ones, suggesting that the inversion methods work very well for these coastal waters, and can be applied to satellite data for wide observations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lee, ZP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4678-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4892 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1117/12.466048 PG 10 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BW83L UT WOS:000183304900016 ER PT S AU Haltrin, VI Chepyzhenko, AI AF Haltrin, VI Chepyzhenko, AI BE Frouin, RJ Yuan, Y Kawamura, H TI Laboratory and flow-through optical spectral probes to measure water quality and content SO OCEAN REMOTE SENSING AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Remote Sensing and Applications CY OCT 24-26, 2002 CL HANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Oceanog, SPIE, NASA Earth Sci Technol Off, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Commun Res Lab, NOAA, Minist Sci & Technol, China Assoc Sci & Technol, SOA, Chinese Meteorol Adm, CNSA, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Aerosp Cooperat Sci & Technol, City Gov Hangzhou, Michigan Aerosp Corp, NASDA DE optical probe; natural water; dissolved matter; suspended matter; hydrosole; dissolved carbon; beam attenuation; absorption; water quality AB A new set of two optical spectral probes developed to measure content of organic and inorganic constituencies suspended and dissolved in natural water is proposed. The set is capable to measure spectral attenuation and absorption coefficients of light, total amounts of organic and terrigenic hydrosoles suspended in water, and amount of organic matter dissolved in natural water. It can be used to monitor water quality and measure optically active ingredients in oceans, takes and other natural water basins. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4678-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4892 BP 482 EP 488 DI 10.1117/12.466070 PG 7 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BW83L UT WOS:000183304900056 ER PT S AU Lee, ZP Sandidge, J Zhang, MR AF Lee, ZP Sandidge, J Zhang, MR BE Frouin, RJ Gilbert, GD Pan, D TI Ocean-color inversion: a combined approach by analytical solution and neural networks SO OCEAN REMOTE SENSING AND IMAGING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Remote Sensing and Imaging II CY AUG 05-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE ocean-color algorithm; analytical; Neural Networks ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER; ABSORPTION; MODEL; RETRIEVAL; RADIANCE; SEA; REFLECTANCE; ALGORITHM; SPECTRA AB In an earlier ocean-color algorithm, water's optical properties are classified into two categories. The major properties, such as the absorption and backscattering properties, vary widely and have significant influence on ocean color. The minor properties, such as the spectral slope of the gelbstoff absorption and the spectral power of particle backscattering, affect the ocean color modestly. The main objective of ocean-color remote sensing is to derive the major properties from water color. In model-based inversion algorithms, it is required to know the values of the minor properties. The accuracy of the minor properties has clear and apparent influence on the accuracy of the major properties. In this study, neural networks (NN) are used to estimate the minor properties. The NN-estimated minor properties are further used in a quasi-analytical algorithm to analytically derive the major properties. Significant improvements are found in the derivation of absorption and backscattering coefficients of coastal waters. The results here indicate an advantage of the neural network approach in inexplicitly linking a water property with water color, especially when there is no apparent relationship that can be explicitly expressed. The results further demonstrate the capability of the quasi-analytical algorithm to analytically derive major water properties from water color. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lee, ZP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5028-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5155 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1117/12.506120 PG 9 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX98G UT WOS:000187120200016 ER PT B AU Sinclair, NA Thomson, HG Black, SA Roberts, R AF Sinclair, NA Thomson, HG Black, SA Roberts, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Directionally drilled bores for remote cable landings SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB A cable shore landing protection system was needed at Southwest Bay, Ascension Island, to protect future cables coming ashore. Three subsurface conduits were installed from the shore out under the seafloor, using a lightweight horizontal drill rig. These three Directionally Drilled Boreholes range from 500 to 800 feet in length, and exit the seafloor at water depths of 35 feet or greater. These boreholes were installed in late August and early September of 2002. This effort took 13 days on site to accomplish. C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Sinclair, NA (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, 1100 23rd Ave, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 50 EP 54 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300010 ER PT B AU Moe, B AF Moe, B GP IEEE IEEE TI The impact of the invention of the torpedo on the US navy SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog C1 USN, Undersea Museum, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Keyport, Keyport, WA 98345 USA. RP Moe, B (reprint author), USN, Undersea Museum, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Keyport, 610 Dowell St, Keyport, WA 98345 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 61 EP 67 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300012 ER PT B AU Antonelli, L Blackmon, F AF Antonelli, L Blackmon, F GP IEEE IEEE TI Experimental investigation of acousto-optic communications SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB Covert communications between underwater and aerial platforms would increase the flexibility of surface and air vehicles engaged in undersea warfare by providing a new netcentric warfare communication capability and could have a variety of commercial and oceanographic applications. Research into an acousto-optic sensor shows promise as a means for detecting acoustic data projected towards the water surface from a submerged platform. The laser-based sensor probes the water surface to detect interface vibrations caused by an impinging acoustic pressure field. A number of experimental and simulation studies were conducted to demonstrate acousto-optic sensor feasibility for obtaining robust recordings of acoustic communication signals across the air-water interface. The recorded surface velocity signals were transferred to an acoustic communication receiver that employs conventional acoustic telemetry algorithms such as adaptive equalization and Viterbi convolutional decoding to decode the signal. The detected, equalized, and decoded bit error rate performance is presented for hydrostatic, more realistic hydrodynamic water surface conditions, and hydrodynamic surface conditions while employing a surface normal tracking unit that is designed to mitigate degradation in communication performance as a result of optical signal dropout. C1 USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Antonelli, L (reprint author), USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 100 EP 108 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300020 ER PT B AU Steed, CA Harvey, DW Koehler, KA Northridge, B AF Steed, CA Harvey, DW Koehler, KA Northridge, B GP IEEE IEEE TI Geophysical Data Base Variable Resolution (GDBV): An object-oriented database for dynamic Geo-Acoustic data storage SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB The Geophysical Data Base - Variable resolution (GDBV) is a modern, object-oriented data store that is designed to accommodate the dynamically derived parameters of the Geo-Acoustic Inversion Toolkit (GAIT). Sponsored by the Oceanographer of the Navy (CNO NO96) via PEO (C4I and Space) PMW-155, GAIT/GDBV is a Through-the-Sensor (TTS) program that includes a flexible data model for the assimilation of data at local, regional, and global levels of operation. In addition to its dynamic capabilities, GDBV also includes support for historical database roles similar to the Naval Oceanographic Office's (NAVOCEANO) Low Frequency Bottom Loss (LFBL) database. In order to demonstrate its highly extendable design, this paper explores GDBV's database format and data model. In both the historical and dynamic capacity, GDBV must be capable of evolving with new system specifications. GDBV's multiple levels of organization and object-oriented implementation provide an efficient solution for these requirements. In addition to its dynamic operational requirements, the GDBV database will accommodate the parameter definitions from each of the following Oceanographic and Atmospheric Master Library (OAML) databases: High Frequency Bottom Loss (HFBL), LFBL, MIW Sediments and Roughness, LFBL'S N-Layer dataset, and the Applied Physics Laboratory of the University of Washington's (APL-UW) GeoAcoustic Bottom Interaction Model (GABIM) Bottom Back Scatter (BBS) database. Support for these static databases enables the future evolution of each individual database into a single broad database that provides a complete description of the ocean bottom. The complete parameter set of GDBV is presented along with a physical representation of the parameters. The overall data flow is very similar to a preceding TTS system, PUMA-TEDS. This working example of GDBV in GAIT reinforces the portability of the database design and the benefits of generic TTS software design. GDBV is a modern database that provides a lightweight, highly portable data store with sophisticated features traditionally offered in large scale database management systems. In addition to fulfilling the requirements of the expanding GAIT algorithms, the generic implementation of GDBV will provide a valuable tool for a wide range of environmental data types, including those of future TTS programs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Steed, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. OI Steed, Chad/0000-0002-3501-909X NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 132 EP 140 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300025 ER PT B AU Lever, JA Elkins, M AF Lever, JA Elkins, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Requirements Management for the Oceanographic Information System at the Naval Oceanographic Office SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB Recognizing the complexity of the interdependencies in a diverse information system, NAVOCEANO is conducting a rigorous overhaul of the Requirements Management process to standardize, develop, and maintain the requirements that the OIS is intended to satisfy. The intended result is an integrated Requirements Enterprise Architecture Documentation (READ) suite for the OIS, expressed in database and document form that promotes interoperability and fiscal responsibility of IT acquisition. Once the requirements baseline is established, the requirements management process will provide a mechanism to establish, delete, and change requirements. To accomplish this result, our Systems Engineers have decomposed organizational policies, studies, and directives to extract general requirements and are soliciting detailed requirements from system users. Each requirement is linked to our existing Enterprise Architecture. The current Configuration Management (CM) process will be modified to account for the new Requirements Management process to ensure the validity of the READ suite. This paper will describe the process used, high level requirements documented, and the lessons learned in Requirements Management. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lever, JA (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 141 EP 144 PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300026 ER PT B AU Gaiser, PW St Germain, KM Twarog, EM AF Gaiser, PW St Germain, KM Twarog, EM GP IEEE IEEE TI WindSat - Space borne remote sensing of ocean surface winds SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gaiser, PW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 208 EP 208 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300043 ER PT B AU St Germain, KM AF St Germain, KM GP IEEE IEEE TI The WindSat calibration/validation plan and early results SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP St Germain, KM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 209 EP 209 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300044 ER PT B AU Gaiser, PW Richardson, D Smith, CK Wang, NY Bevilacqua, RM AF Gaiser, PW Richardson, D Smith, CK Wang, NY Bevilacqua, RM GP IEEE IEEE TI WindSat - Ground data processing and wind retrieval algorithm SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gaiser, PW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Smith, Craig/D-7927-2015; Wang, Nai-Yu/E-5303-2016 OI Smith, Craig/0000-0001-5829-8303; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 210 EP 210 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300045 ER PT B AU Bobak, JP Hicks, LA Rose, LA McGlothlin, NR Quinn, SR Dowgiallo, DJ vonRentzell, TE AF Bobak, JP Hicks, LA Rose, LA McGlothlin, NR Quinn, SR Dowgiallo, DJ vonRentzell, TE GP IEEE IEEE TI APMIR: An airborne polarimeter designed for high accuracy SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB Airborne Polarimetric Microwave Imaging Radiometer (APMIR) has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. This instrument was designed primarily as a calibration tool for satellite sensors. As such, the system design began with a challenging error budget. The design and construction followed from the error budget. The system has flown several times. This paper focuses on the design of the instrument and preliminary results. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.bobak@nrl.navy.mil; dave.dowgiallo@nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 211 EP 216 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300046 ER PT B AU Lee, TF Sampson, C Turk, FJ Kent, J Richardson, K AF Lee, TF Sampson, C Turk, FJ Kent, J Richardson, K GP IEEE IEEE TI New passive microwave sensors aid mapping of tropical cyclone structure SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, TF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 217 EP 217 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300047 ER PT B AU Diachok, OI Wales, S Cavanagh, G Smith, P Hodgkiss, B AF Diachok, OI Wales, S Cavanagh, G Smith, P Hodgkiss, B GP IEEE IEEE TI Bioacoustic absorption spectroscopy (BAS): Instruments, measurement strategies and results of recent experiments. SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Diachok, OI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 249 EP 249 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300053 ER PT B AU Sammelmann, GS AF Sammelmann, GS GP IEEE IEEE TI High frequency images of proud and buried 3D-targets SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog ID ROUGH-SURFACE; SCATTERING AB PC SWAT (Personal Computer Shallow Water Acoustic Tool-set) is a sonar simulation package developed at Coastal Systems Station to predict acoustic sensor performance. This article focuses on the algorithms used by PC SWAT to generate synthetic images of proud, buried, and partially buried three-dimensional targets. High frequency scattering from the target is described by a combination of the Kirchhoff approximation and the Geometric Theory of Diffraction. Propagation of sound into a marine sediment with ripples is described by an application of Snell's law and second order perturbation theory in terms of Bragg scattering. C1 USN, Coastan Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Sammelmann, GS (reprint author), USN, Coastan Syst Stn, Code R21,6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 266 EP 272 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300058 ER PT B AU Flatau, PJ AF Flatau, PJ GP IEEE IEEE TI China's dust in the Sea of Japan SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog C1 NRL, Monterey, CA USA. RP Flatau, PJ (reprint author), NRL, Monterey, CA USA. RI Flatau, Piotr/E-2219-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 410 EP 410 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300096 ER PT B AU Gathof, JM Bassich, JB AF Gathof, JM Bassich, JB GP IEEE IEEE TI Recent developments in the Naval Oceanographic Office survey operations center SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) operates a fleet of seven multidisciplinary survey ships deployed throughout the world dedicated to collecting hydrographic and oceanographic data. Leveraging commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) communication, network, enterprise management, and system integration technologies, NAVOCEANO developed a Survey Operations Center (SOC) focused on the continuous improvement of survey quality and reduction of the time required to deliver product to clients. The COTS components include rsync as a file replication system, IBM MQ Series as a real-time message bus, and Computer Associates Unicenter as an enterprise management system. In addition, Perl is used as an integration language, and various web/visualization and database technologies are incorporated into the design. The SOC infrastructure was initially developed to support both continuous asymmetrical high bandwidth (2.048-Mbit ship to shore/384-Kbit shore to ship) and was subsequently adapted to support dial-up symmetrical low bandwidth (64-Kbit) communication links. This paper reviews the technical aspects of the SOC infrastructure to be implemented into the operational environment in 2003 and beyond. It concentrates on the COTS technologies that were assembled into a unified system, how the system was connected to the existing ship data acquisition systems, and information transport mechanisms. It also covers changes in the bandwidth requirements, implementation schedule, as well as the use of enterprise management, network management tools, and web and other technologies to make the information available to the scientists throughout NAVOCEANO. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Gathof, JM (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 417 EP 422 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300098 ER PT B AU Lopes, JL Nesbitt, CL Lim, R Williams, KL Thorsos, EI Tang, D AF Lopes, JL Nesbitt, CL Lim, R Williams, KL Thorsos, EI Tang, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Subcritical detection of targets buried under a rippled interface: Calibrated levels and effects of large roughness SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog ID SCATTERING; SAND AB This paper describes recent results from an ongoing modeling and measurement effort investigating shallow grazing angle acoustic detection of targets buried in sand. The measurements were performed in a 13.7-m deep, 110-m long, 80-m wide test-pool with a 1.5-m layer of sand on the bottom. A silicone-oil-filled target sphere was buried under a rippled surface with contours formed by scraping the sand with a machined rake. Broad band (10 to 50 kHz) transducers were placed onto the shaft of a tilting motor, which in turn was attached to an elevated rail that enabled this assembly to be translated horizontally, permitting acquired data to be processed using synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) techniques. Acoustic backscatter data were acquired at subcritical grazing angles for various ripple wavelengths and heights. In addition, the backscattered signals from a calibrated free-field sphere and the transmitted signals received with a free-field hydrophone were recorded. For each bottom configuration, the seabed roughness over the buried target was measured to determine the ripple parameters and to estimate the small-scale roughness spectrum. This roughness information is used in scattering models to calculate the backscattered signal levels from the target and bottom. In previous work, measured signal-to-reverberation ratios were found to compare well with model predictions, demonstrating the accuracy of first-order perturbation theory (for the ripple heights used in those experiments) for frequencies up to 30 kHz. By taking advantage of the backscattered data collected using the free-field sphere and of the acquired transmitted data, more stringent comparisons of predicted buried target backscatter levels to measured levels are made here. Results of a second series of measurements using larger ripple heights to investigate the impact of higher-order scattering effects on buried target detection are presented. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Lopes, JL (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Coastal Syst Stn, Code R21,6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 485 EP 493 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300119 ER EF