FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Medintz, IL Clapp, AR Trammell, SA Mattoussi, H AF Medintz, IL Clapp, AR Trammell, SA Mattoussi, H BE Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Modulation of quantum dot photoemission based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer to a photochromic dye acceptor SO NANOSENSING: MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanosensing CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA DE QDs; QD-bioconjugates; Forster resonance energy transfer ID PROTEIN; BIOMATERIALS; SPIROPYRAN; DONORS; FRET AB We demonstrate the use of a photochromic dye to achieve fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) modulation between a QD donor and the dye acceptor brought in close proximity in a selfassembled QD-protein-dye conjugate. The E. coli maltose binding protein (MBP) appended on its C-terminal with an oligohistidine attachment domain, immobilized onto CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs was labeled with a sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimide activated photochromic BIPS molecule (1,3-dihydro-1'-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,3 -dimethyl-6-nitrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-(2H)-indoline]). Two different dye-to-MBP-protein ratios of 1:1 and 5:1 were used. The ability of MBP-BIPS to modulate QD photoluminescence was tested by switching BIPS from the colorless spiropyran (SP) to the colored merocyanine (MC) using irradiation with white light (>500 nm) or with UV light (similar to365 nm),. respectively. QDs surrounded by similar to20 MBP-BIPS with a dye to protein ratio of I showed similar to25% loss in their photoemission with consecutive repeated switches, while QDs surrounded by similar to20 MBP-BIPS with BIPS to MBP ratio of 5 produced a substantially more pronounced rate of FRET where the QD emission was quenched by similar to60%. This result suggests the possibility of using QD-protein conjugates to assemble reversible FRET nanoassemblies where the QD emission can be controlled by changing the properties of the acceptors dyes bound to the protein. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5546-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5593 BP 300 EP 307 DI 10.1117/12.570681 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BBP00 UT WOS:000226789700032 ER PT B AU Carruthers, GR Thomas, VL AF Carruthers, GR Thomas, VL BE Narasimham, C BeckWinchatz, B Hawkins, I Runyon, C TI Space science education and outreach activities in the Washington, DC metropolitan area SO NASA OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE EDUCATION AND PUBLIC OUTREACH CONFERENCE SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NASA OSS Conference on Education and Public Outreach CY JUN 12-14, 2002 CL Chicago, IL SP NASA Off Space Sci C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carruthers, GR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7609, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-181-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 319 BP 257 EP 259 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BBP82 UT WOS:000226966000054 ER PT J AU Sha, D Jin, H Kopke, RD Wu, JY AF Sha, D Jin, H Kopke, RD Wu, JY TI Choline acetyltransferase: Regulation and coupling with protein kinase and vesicular acetylcholine transporter on synaptic vesicles SO NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE choline acetyltransferase; acetylcholine; Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II; vesicular acetylcholine transporter; synaptic vesicles ID TORPEDO ELECTRIC ORGAN; RAT-BRAIN; GLUTAMATE-DECARBOXYLASE; O-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; PROTON GRADIENT; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; MULTIPLE FORMS; GENE LOCUS; IN-VITRO; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Both the membrane-bound choline acetyltransferase (MChAT) and soluble ChAT (SChAT) were found to be activated by ATP-mediated protein phosphorylation. ATP activation of MChAT but not SChAT was found to depend on the integrity of proton gradient of synaptic vesicles because conditions disrupting the proton gradient also abolished the activation of MChAT by ATP. Among the kinases studied, Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II is most effective in activation of MChAT. Transport of ACh into synaptic vesicles by vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) is also proton gradient-dependent; therefore we proposed that there is a functional coupling between ACh synthesis and its packaging into synaptic vesicles. This notion is supported by the following findings: first, the newly synthesized [H-3]-ACh from [H-3]-choline was taken up much more efficiently than the pre-existing ACh; second, ATP-activation of MChAT was abolished when VAChT was inhibited by the specific inhibitor vesamicol; third, the activity of ChAT was found to be markedly increased when neurons are under depolarizing conditions. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Mol Biosci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biomed Sci Ctr, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Complex Syst & Brain Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otalaryngol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Wu, JY (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Charles E Schmidt Biomed Sci Ctr, 777 Glades Rd,Bldg 71, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS37851] NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-3190 J9 NEUROCHEM RES JI Neurochem. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 29 IS 1 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1023/B:NERE.0000010449.05927.f9 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 758PM UT WOS:000187659400021 PM 14992279 ER PT S AU Hutter, DJ Benson, JA Zavala, RT Johnston, KJ Pauls, TA Hummel, CA Armstrong, JT AF Hutter, DJ Benson, JA Zavala, RT Johnston, KJ Pauls, TA Hummel, CA Armstrong, JT BE Traub, WA TI Imaging stellar multiplicity with the NPOI SO NEW FRONTIERS IN STELLAR INTERFEROMETRY, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Frontiers in Stellar Interferometry CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE optical interferometry; imaging; binary stars; NPOI ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; ICCD SPECKLE OBSERVATIONS; BRIGHT STARS; BINARY STARS; DUPLICITY AB We present preliminary results from an ongoing survey for multiplicity among the bright stars using the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI). While the NPOI has previously concentrated on producing "visual" orbits of known close speckle and spectroscopic binaries, we have now embarked on a broader survey to detect new binary/multiple systems. We first present a summary of previous NPOI observations of known binary and multiple systems to illustrate the instrument's detection sensitivity for binaries at large magnitude differences over the range of angular separation detectable by the NPOI (currently 3 - 300 mas). We then discuss early results of the survey of bright stars north of declination -20degrees. This survey, which compliments previous surveys of the bright stars by speckle interferometry, initially emphasizes stars in a proposed Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) target list. To date, 29 of the 60 brightest TPF candidate stars (V less than or equal to 4.3) have each been observed on multiple nights. Preliminary analysis of these data indicates the possible detection of stellar companions to several of these stars. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Hutter, DJ (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5423-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5491 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1117/12.549955 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBG18 UT WOS:000225390000009 ER PT S AU Benson, JA Hutter, DJ Johnston, KJ Zavala, RT White, NM Pauls, TA Gilbreath, GC Armstrong, JT Hindsley, RB AF Benson, JA Hutter, DJ Johnston, KJ Zavala, RT White, NM Pauls, TA Gilbreath, GC Armstrong, JT Hindsley, RB BE Traub, WA TI NPOI: recent technology and science SO NEW FRONTIERS IN STELLAR INTERFEROMETRY, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Frontiers in Stellar Interferometry CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE optical interferometry; astrometry; imaging; NPOI ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPE AB We describe recent science projects that the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI) scientific staff and collaborators are pursuing. Recent results from the wide angle astrometric program and imaging programs (rapid rotators, binaries and Be stars) will be summarized. We discuss some of the technology that enables the NPOI to operate routinely as an observatory astronomical instrument. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Benson, JA (reprint author), USN Observ, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5423-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5491 BP 464 EP 471 DI 10.1117/12.550957 PN 1-3 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBG18 UT WOS:000225390000050 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Wick, DV Martinez, T Payne, DT Gilbreath, GC AF Restaino, SR Wick, DV Martinez, T Payne, DT Gilbreath, GC BE Traub, WA TI Use of two deformable mirrors AO system for an interferometric test-bed SO NEW FRONTIERS IN STELLAR INTERFEROMETRY, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Frontiers in Stellar Interferometry CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE AB In this paper, we present results on a test-bed for the use of adaptive optics (AO) in optical interferometry. The test-bed is based on two deformable mirrors made by OKO technologies. The two mirrors are simultaneously controlled by the same computer and control software. The experimental set is based on our portable adaptive optics system. The goal of this test-bed is to study and characterize the effects of aberrations on the fringe contrast and the effects and characterization of the use of AO for improving fringe contrast. In this paper we will report some field test of our portable AO system. We will also describe the test-bed and some of the experimental results obtained so far. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7215,3550 Aberdeen SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5423-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5491 BP 698 EP 706 DI 10.1117/12.548605 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBG18 UT WOS:000225390000075 ER PT S AU Clark, JA Murphy, J Ha, L Walton, JP Howard, J Armstrong, JT Gilbreath, GC Hindsley, RB Pauls, TA AF Clark, JA Murphy, J Ha, L Walton, JP Howard, J Armstrong, JT Gilbreath, GC Hindsley, RB Pauls, TA BE Traub, WA TI Alignment of vacuum feed stations on the navy prototype optical interferometer SO NEW FRONTIERS IN STELLAR INTERFEROMETRY, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Frontiers in Stellar Interferometry CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE optical interferometry; alignment AB At the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI) we have developed a two-stage method for preparation and installation of the optical feed relay stations (elevators). Ibis method reduces contamination, increases consistency, and allows greater management in testing and upgrades. In stage one, we prepare a pre-alignment facility in a laboratory. Using this facility we accurately position the feed stations, internal optics and detector optics relative to the NPOI array line-of-sight. The feed station is cleaned, assembled, internally aligned, tested and placed in its vacuum canister. It is stored under vacuum until transported to the array. In stage two, we align the station on the array by global five-axis adjustments of the vacuum canister. No further independent internal alignments are necessary. The canister is continuously under vacuum during global alignments. We describe the methodology and techniques for installing the optical feed stations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clark, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7215, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5423-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5491 BP 1050 EP 1055 DI 10.1117/12.550867 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBG18 UT WOS:000225390000108 ER PT S AU Clark, JA Murphy, J Ha, L Walton, JP Howard, J Armstrong, JT Gilbreath, GC Hindsley, RB Pauls, TA AF Clark, JA Murphy, J Ha, L Walton, JP Howard, J Armstrong, JT Gilbreath, GC Hindsley, RB Pauls, TA BE Traub, WA TI Optical drift test of the long delay line stations on the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer SO NEW FRONTIERS IN STELLAR INTERFEROMETRY, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Frontiers in Stellar Interferometry CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE NPOI; thermal drift tests; long delay lines; opto-mechanical AB At the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI), during stellar fringe acquisition and tracking, optical stations along the NPOI vacuum line array remain in passive mode. Optical drift amplitude and rate must remain below certain limits lest stellar acquisition and fringe tracking become unachievable. Subsequent to each observation, relay mirrors are reconfigured within the long delay line stations to provide appropriate constant delays. The placement of these mirrors must be reliable and repeatable within certain tolerances. We describe the results of drift tests conducted on the current long delay line stations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clark, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7215, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5423-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5491 BP 1056 EP 1060 DI 10.1117/12.550889 PN 1-3 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBG18 UT WOS:000225390000109 ER PT S AU Cristi, R Restaino, SR LeBlanc, JL AF Cristi, R Restaino, SR LeBlanc, JL BE Traub, WA TI Optimal distributed prediction and estimation controller with application to adaptive optics and optical interferometry SO NEW FRONTIERS IN STELLAR INTERFEROMETRY, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Frontiers in Stellar Interferometry CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE AB In this paper we address the problem of designing a controller to compensate for phase errors in an array of ground based telescopes, subject to atmospheric distortion. Since the observations from the telescopes are coherently combined to improve resolution, this problem calls for two classes of control loops: a) local control on each telescope to compensate for random phase distortions, b) global control to align all phases coherently so that the array would act as a virtual telescope with a large aperture. By proper use of frequency decomposition, we show that a globally stable system can be designed where the local and global control systems are decoupled. This is obtained by assigning the control of high frequency disturbances to the local controller, and the overall control of low frequency disturbances to the global control system. These two controllers work at different sampling frequencies and can be decoupled using well known results from Multi Rate Processing techniques used as the basis of Quadrature Mirror Filters and Wavelets decompositions. The feasibility of this approach will be tested using data from the Naval Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI) in Flagstaff, AZ (USA). C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cristi, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5423-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5491 BP 1129 EP 1136 DI 10.1117/12.548610 PN 1-3 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBG18 UT WOS:000225390000118 ER PT S AU Pauls, TA Young, JS Cotton, WD Monnier, JD AF Pauls, TA Young, JS Cotton, WD Monnier, JD BE Traub, WA TI A data exchange standard for optical (Visible/IR) interferometry SO NEW FRONTIERS IN STELLAR INTERFEROMETRY, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Frontiers in Stellar Interferometry CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE data formats; data exchange; FITS; interferometry ID FITS AB This paper describes a standard for exchanging calibrated data from optical (visible/infrared) stellar interferometers. The standard is based on the Flexible Image Transport System (FITS). The formal definition of the standard is contained in a separate document, the Format Specification. The latest version of the Format Specification is available from the website http://www.mrao.cam.ac.uk/(-)jsy1001/exchange/. This document gives an overview of the format, and explains some of the decisions taken in designing it. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pauls, TA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7210,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Young, John/0000-0001-6583-7643 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5423-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5491 BP 1231 EP 1239 DI 10.1117/12.551689 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBG18 UT WOS:000225390000130 ER PT S AU Gilbreath, GC Pauls, TA Armstrong, JT Mozurkewich, D Clark, JH Hindsley, RB Hutter, DJ AF Gilbreath, GC Pauls, TA Armstrong, JT Mozurkewich, D Clark, JH Hindsley, RB Hutter, DJ BE Traub, WA TI H-alpha observations using closure phases at the NPOI SO NEW FRONTIERS IN STELLAR INTERFEROMETRY, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Frontiers in Stellar Interferometry CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE optical interferometry; interferometric imaging; Be stars; H-alpha; NPOI ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; ZETA-TAURI AB We have enhanced the spectral resolution of the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI) at the H-alpha line to 3 nm (FWHM). We use customized filters that suppresses light in the similar to600-725 nm window except for light at the H-alpha wavelength (656.3 nm). The bands shortward of 600 nm and longward of 725 nm are used for fringe tracking and for calibrating the system fringe visibility. We have used these filters to observe H-alpha emission from circumstellar material around Be stars. Closure phases-from our initial observations of the Be star zeta Tau with three array elements suggest that the H-alpha emission is not centered on the star. We will show these three-element results, as well as recently-acquired data from the NPOI using 4, 5, and 6 stations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gilbreath, GC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7215, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5423-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5491 BP 1549 EP 1556 DI 10.1117/12.555221 PN 1-3 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBG18 UT WOS:000225390000164 ER PT S AU Hindsley, R Rickard, L AF Hindsley, R Rickard, L BE Traub, WA TI The General Image Quality Equation and the structure of the modulation transfer function SO NEW FRONTIERS IN STELLAR INTERFEROMETRY, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Frontiers in Stellar Interferometry CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE MTF; image quality; image restoration; GIQE; Wiener Filter AB Previous work by Hindsley and Mozurkewich (2001) showed that analysis of the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) demonstrated the proportionality of signal-to-noise in a sparse aperture to the fill factor of the aperture. Analysis of the MTR also could enumerate the noise amplification characteristics of particular sparse apertures. However, such image quality metrics as the General Image Quality Equation (GIQE) also include edge effects, basically due to ringing and reduction in the edge sharpness. Here we report on our analysis of the MTF in order to quantify the relationship between the other terms in the GIQE and the structure of the MTF. We find that, for a fixed amount of optical surface, the image quality will improve with decreasing fill fraction due to an increase in resolution. Apodization of the Wiener Filter used to restore the image, as advocated by Hindsley and Mozurkewich, does not result in an improved image quality; use of the traditional unapodized Wiener Filter is highly favored. While the GIQE does not appear very sensitive to input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the input SNR does limit the ability to successfully reconstruct the image and is the ultimate limiting constraint on the fill fraction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hindsley, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5423-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5491 BP 1557 EP 1562 DI 10.1117/12.552341 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBG18 UT WOS:000225390000165 ER PT S AU Armstrong, JT Clark, JH Gilbreath, GC Hindsley, RB Hutter, DJ Mozurkewich, D Pauls, TA AF Armstrong, JT Clark, JH Gilbreath, GC Hindsley, RB Hutter, DJ Mozurkewich, D Pauls, TA BE Traub, WA TI Precision narrow-angle astrometry of binary stars with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer SO NEW FRONTIERS IN STELLAR INTERFEROMETRY, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Frontiers in Stellar Interferometry CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE optical interferometry; interferometric imaging; NPOI; binary stars; extrasolar planets ID BETA-CORONAE BOREALIS; ORBITS AB The Navy Prototype Optical Interferometry (NPOI) group has started an astrometric search for planets in binary star systems based on the idea of using the binary components as position references for one another and looking for deviations from Keplerian motion. Our search will complement the radial velocity (v(R)) searches in three ways. We will observe stars of all spectral types; v(R) searches are limited to the FGKM range, where stars exhibit narrow spectral lines. We will search for planets in relatively large orbits (more than about 4 AU) where our method is most sensitive; v(R) searches are most sensitive to close-in planets. Finally, we will examine binary star systems, which with a few exceptions have been excluded from v(R) surveys. Our targets are binaries with both components in the interferometric field of view, producing a periodic variation in the fringe visibility (V-2) across the (u, v) plane. Past NPOI results from closer binaries (separations in the tens of mas) show residuals of tens of microarcseconds about the best-fit orbits. The larger separations we are observing produce more V-2 oscillations across the (u, v) plane, offering the possibility of higher precision. We discuss the level of precision in test observations and the steps that will be needed to convert precision into accuracy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Armstrong, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7210,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5423-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5491 BP 1700 EP 1706 DI 10.1117/12.553062 PN 1-3 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBG18 UT WOS:000225390000181 ER PT S AU Krawczynski, H Harris, DE Grossman, R Lane, W Kassim, N Willis, AG AF Krawczynski, H Harris, DE Grossman, R Lane, W Kassim, N Willis, AG BE Done, C Garcia, M Pian, E Masetti, N Piro, L TI X-ray and radio observations of the galaxy cluster 3C 129 SO NEW X-RAY RESULTS, THE NEXT GENERATION OF X-RAY OBSERVATORIES AND GAMMA RAY BURST AFTERGLOW PHYSICS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE X-ray and radio observations; observations of the galaxy cluster 3C 129 ID 3C 129; CHANDRA AB The galaxy cluster 3C 129 contains two radio galaxies, the prototypical head tail radio galaxy 3C 129 and the weaker radio galaxy 3C 129.1. The tail of the first radio galaxy extends over more than 15' across the sky. In this paper. we report on Chandra speciroscopy observations of the galaxy cluster, complemented by new and archival radio data taken with the Very Large Array (VLA) at 0.33, 1.4, 5, and 8 GHz and by H1-observations performed with the dominion radio astrophysical observatory (DRAO). We describe the Chandra results on the properties of the Intra-Cluster Medium (ICM) and discuss extended X-ray emission detected from the host galaxy of the radio galaxy 3C 129.1 and from the inner jet of the radio galaxy 3C 129. Finally we report on the results of an ICM/radio plasma pressure balance study along the tail of the radio galaxy 3C 129. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Domin Radio Astrophys Observ, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Natl Res Council Canada, Penticton, BC V2A 6K3, Canada. RP Krawczynski, H (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, 1 Brookings Dr,Campus Box 1105, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM krawcz@wuphys.wustl.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2499 EP 2503 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.02.075 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBN87 UT WOS:000226379800005 ER PT S AU Schwartz, IB Billings, L AF Schwartz, IB Billings, L BE Gingl, Z Sancho, JM SchimanskyGeier, L Kertesz, J TI Stochastic epidemic outbreaks: Why epidemics are like lasers SO NOISE IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS AND STOCHASTIC DYNAMICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Noise in Complex Systems and Stochastic Dynamics II CY MAY 26-28, 2004 CL Maspalomas, SPAIN SP SPIE, Soc Espanola Opt ID DRIVEN LASER; CHAOS; NOISE; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; MODEL; COMPLEXITY; DISEASE AB Many diseases, such as childhood diseases, dengue fever, and West Nile virus, appear to oscillate randomly as a function of seasonal environmental or social changes. Such oscillations appear to have a chaotic bursting character, although it is still uncertain how much is due to random fluctuations. Such bursting in the presence of noise is also observed in driven lasers. In this talk, I will show how noise can excite random outbreaks in simple models of seasonally driven outbreaks, as well as lasers. The models for both population dynamics will be shown to share the same class of underlying topology, which plays a major role in the cause of observed stochastic bursting. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schwartz, IB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5393-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5471 BP 266 EP 279 DI 10.1117/12.547642 PG 14 WC Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Physics; Mathematics GA BAR02 UT WOS:000223226600030 ER PT S AU Golden, JP Ngundi, MM Shriver-Lake, LC Taitt, CR Ligler, FS AF Golden, JP Ngundi, MM Shriver-Lake, LC Taitt, CR Ligler, FS BE CHen, YR Tu, SI TI A portable array biosensor for food safety SO NONDESTRUCTIVE SENSING FOR FOOD SAFETY, QUALITY, AND NATURAL RESOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Sensing for Food Safety, Quality, and Natural Resources CY OCT 26-27, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SPIE, IEICE, Commun Soc Opt Engn, IEICE, Elect Soc DE evanescent wave; biosensor; automated fluidies Fluorescence Imaging ID ANALYTES AB An array biosensor developed for simultaneous analysis of multiple samples has been utilized to develop assays for toxins and pathogens in a variety of foods. The biochemical component of the multi-analyte biosensor consists of a patterned array of biological recognition elements immobilized on the surface of a planar waveguide. A fluorescence assay is performed on the patterned surface, yielding an array of fluorescent spots, the locations of which are used to identify what analyte is present. Signal transduction is accomplished by means of a diode laser for fluorescence excitation, optical filters and a CCD camera for image capture. A laptop computer controls the miniaturized fluidics system and image capture. Results for four mycotoxin competition assays in buffer and food samples are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Golden, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5540-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5587 BP 241 EP 244 DI 10.1117/12.570285 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Food Science & Technology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBL96 UT WOS:000226088600026 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Ivanov, LM Kantha, LH Margolina, TM Melnichenko, OV Poberezhny, YA AF Chu, PC Ivanov, LM Kantha, LH Margolina, TM Melnichenko, OV Poberezhny, YA TI Lagrangian predictability of high-resolution regional models: the special case of the Gulf of Mexico SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; DRIFTER DATA; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; FLOW; STATISTICS; DISPERSION AB The Lagrangian prediction skill (model ability to reproduce Lagrangian drifter trajectories) of the nowcast/forecast system developed for the Gulf of Mexico at the University of Colorado at Boulder is examined through comparison with real drifter observations. Model prediction error (MPE), singular values (SVs) and irreversible-skill time (IT) are used as quantitative measures of the examination. Diver,gent (poloidal) and nondivergent (toroidal) components of the circulation attractor at 50 m depth are analyzed and compared with the Lagrangian drifter buoy data using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition and the measures, respectively. Irregular (probably, chaotic) dynamics of the circulation attractor reproduced by the nowcast/forecast system is analyzed through Lyapunov dimension, global entropies, toroidal and poloidal kinetic energies. The results allow assuming exponential growth of prediction error on the attractor. On the other hand, the q-th moment of MPE grows by the power law with exponent of 3q/4. The probability density function (PDF) of MPE has a symmetrical but non-Gaussian shape for both the short and long prediction times and for spatial scales ranging from 20 km to 300 kin. The phenomenological model of MPE based on a diffusion-like equation is developed. ne PDF of IT is non-symmetric with a Iona tail stretched towards large ITs. The power decay of the tail was faster than 2 for long prediction times. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Marine Hydrophys, UA-99011 Sevastopol, Ukraine. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ivanov, LM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM lmivanov@alpha.mhi.iuf.net NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2004 VL 11 IS 1 BP 47 EP 66 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 808IT UT WOS:000220563500005 ER PT S AU Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Kim, M Meyer, JR Kim, JG Martinelli, RU Farmer, RC AF Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Kim, M Meyer, JR Kim, JG Martinelli, RU Farmer, RC BE Gmachl, CF Bour, DP TI Mid-infrared "W" diode lasers and their application to methane sensing SO NOVEL IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers III CY JAN 26-28, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE diode laser; quantum well; mid-infrared; chemical sensing ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; BOND HEAT SINKING; MU-M; ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB Mid-infrared "W" quantum-well diode lasers with reduced turn-on voltages are reported. Devices with coated facets operated in continuous-wave mode up to 195 K, where the emission wavelength was 3.56 mum. At 78 K the threshold current density was 67 A/cm(2), the maximum output power was 198 mW, and the maximum slope efficiency was 106 mW/A. One of these lasers was used to detect methane, by exploiting the absorption band in the vicinity of 3.3 mum. Preliminary measurements demonstrated detection of methane at partial pressures down to 7 x 10(-7) atm. in a nitrogen atmosphere. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5273-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5365 BP 250 EP 258 DI 10.1117/12.529381 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAI00 UT WOS:000222345500027 ER PT B AU Hsu, DSY Shaw, JL AF Hsu, DSY Shaw, JL BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Gated carbon nanotube field emission enhancement and regeneration by hydrogen SO NSTI NANOTECH 2004, VOL 3, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2004) CY MAR 07-11, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Nano Sci & Technol Inst, Intel Corp, Motorola, Texas Instruments, Ciphergen Biosyst Inc, iMediasoft Grp, Frontier Carbon Corp, Veeco Instruments, Hitachi High Technologies Amer Inc, Racepoint Grp Inc, Int SEMATECH, FEI Co, Keithley, St Gobain High Performance Mat, Zyvex Corp, Accelrys, ANSYS Inc, Atomistix, PolyInsight, GA Dept Ind & Trade, Swiss Business Hub USA, Australian Govt, Invest Australia, State Bavaria, Germany, United States Off Econ Dev, m+w zander, Engis Corp, COMSOL, Engelhard Corp, Nanonex Inc, nanoTITAN, Tegal Corp, Umech Technologies, MEMSCAP, Swiss House Adv Res & Educ SHARE, Basel Area Business, Dev, Dev Econ Western Switzerland, Nanoworld AG, Nanosensors, Nanofair, Burns, Doane, Swecker & Mathis, LLP, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo, PC, Jackson Walker LLP, Greater Zurich Area DE carbon nanotubes; field emission; field emitter arrays; gate apertures; hydrogen ID ARRAYS AB We report large increases in field emission current when operating carbon nanotubes in substantial pressures of hydrogen, especially when the nanotubes were contaminated. We have previously demonstrated two different configurations of integrally gated carbon nanotube field emitter arrays (cNTFEAs), CNTs grown inside microfabricated gate apertures with and without silicon posts [ 1 -4]. Salient features of these in-situ grown microgated cNTFEAs include the absence of electrical arcing, low operating voltage, and enhancing effect of some residual ambient gases. Operating both configurations of cNTFEAs without special pre-cleaning in greater than 10(-5) Torr hydrogen produced orders of magnitude enhancement in emission. For a cNTFEA intentionally degraded by oxygen, the operation in hydrogen resulted in a 340-fold recovery in emission. The results suggested a dependence on atomic hydrogen produced from the interaction between emission electrons and molecular hydrogen. The observed emission enhancement could be due to removal of oxygen-containing surface species, a surface dipole formation, or hydrogen doping. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hsu, DSY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NANO SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INST PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE KENDALL SQUARE, PMB 308, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9728422-9-2 PY 2004 BP 236 EP 239 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BAO52 UT WOS:000223078200064 ER PT B AU von Engeln, A Nedoluha, G Kirchengast, G AF von Engeln, A Nedoluha, G Kirchengast, G BE Kirchengast, G Foelsche, U Steiner, AK TI Deviation from a hydrostatic atmosphere in radio occultation data SO OCCULTATIONS FOR PROBING ATMOSPHERE AND CLIMATE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Occultations for Probing Atmosphere and Climate (OPAC-1) CY SEP 16-20, 2002 CL Graz, AUSTRIA AB A 1D Var sensitivity study of simulated radio occultation measurements is presented. Temperature and water vapor profiles are retrieved, along with a reference pressure to generate the pressure profile by applying the hydrostatic equation. High resolution European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric fields are used with a ray tracing tool to calculate the exact positions of the tangent point. The atmospheric profiles following the calculated tangent points trajectory in the 3D ECMWF fields are used to simulate bending angle measurements with a 1D forward model. Assimilation of these bending angles in a 1D Var tool employing the same ID forward model is performed. We analyze the sensitivity of the retrieval to the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium for a non-vertical atmospheric scan. Deviations of more than 1% from a hydrostatic pressure profile can occur for certain mid-latitude and polar conditions. The effect upon the retrieval capabilities is usually negligible except for the most extreme cases. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP von Engeln, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kirchengast, Gottfried/D-4990-2016 OI Kirchengast, Gottfried/0000-0001-9187-937X NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-22350-9 PY 2004 BP 119 EP 126 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBF14 UT WOS:000225184200012 ER PT J AU Canuto, VM Howard, A Hogan, P Cheng, Y Dubovikov, MS Montenegro, LM AF Canuto, VM Howard, A Hogan, P Cheng, Y Dubovikov, MS Montenegro, LM TI Modeling ocean deep convection SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CIRCULATION MODELS; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; VERTICAL DIFFUSIVITIES; 3RD-ORDER MOMENTS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; LABRADOR SEA; PARAMETERIZATION; TURBULENCE AB The goal of this study is to assess models for Deep Convection with special emphasis on their use in coarse resolution ocean general circulation models. A model for deep convection must contain both vertical transport and lateral advection by mesoscale eddies generated by baroclinic instabilities. The first process operates mostly in the initial phases while the second dominates the final stages. Here, the emphasis is on models for vertical mixing. When mesoscales are not resolved, they are treated with the Gent and McWilliams parameterization. The model results are tested against the measurements of Lavender, Davis and Owens, 2002 (LDO) in the Labrador Sea. Specifically, we shall inquire whether the models are able to reproduce the region of "deepest convection," which we shall refer to as DC (mixed layer depths 800-1300 m). The region where it was measured by Lavender et al. (2002) will be referred to as the LDO region. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. (1) 3degrees x 3degrees resolution. A GFDL-type OGCM with the GISS vertical mixing model predicts DC in the LDO region where the vertical heat diffusivity is found to be 10 m(2) s(-1), a value that is quite close to the one suggested by heuristic studies. No parameter was changed from the original GISS model. However, the GISS model also predicts some DC in a region to the east of the LDO region. (2) 3degrees x 3degrees resolution. A GFDL-type OGCM with the KPP model (everything else being the same) does not predict DC in the LDO region where the vertical heat diffusivity is found to be 0.5 x 10(-4) m(2) s(-1) which is the background value. The KPP model yields DC only to the east of the LDO region. (3) 1degrees x 1degrees resolution. In this case, a MY2.5 mixing scheme predicts DC in the LDO region. However, it also predicts DC to the west, north and south of it, where it is not observed. The behavior of the KPP and MY models are somewhat anti-symmetric. The MY models yield too low a mixing in stably stratified flows since they predict a critical Richardson number Ri(cr) = 0.19 which is five times smaller than the value Ri(cr) = O(1) needed to obtain realistic ML depths. However, as discussed above, in unstable stratifications the MY models yield better results. On the other hand, the KPP model, which was motivated primarily by the need to overcome the MY "too low mixing" in stable stratification, yields at coarse resolution, no DC in the LDO region. In this respect, the GISS model, yields both a correct Ri(cr) = O(1) in stable stratification and correct results in the unstable configuration in the LDO region. (4) 1/3degrees x 1/3degrees resolution. In this case, KPP predicts mixed layer depths up to 1.7 km inside the LDO region where at coarse resolution none existed. However, the model still produces DC at locations outside the LDO region where it is not observed. However, since these regions are intermingled with very shallow mixed layer depths, the resulting mean mixed layer depths turn out to be less than 800 m almost everywhere outside the LDO region. (5) 1/12degrees x 1/12degrees resolution. In this case, KPP predicts mixed layer depths up to 3 km both inside and outside the LDO region. These regions are, here too, intermingled with very shallow mixed layer depths with resulting mean mixed depths greater than 800 m both inside and outside the LDO region. In conclusion, as for a model for deep convection to be used in coarse resolution, these results indicate that the GISS mixing model fares well with observations in both stable and unstable stratifications but overestimates its geographical extent. This leads to the problem of future improvements of the model. It must be generalized to include the following physically important features: (a) rotation that becomes important in the later phases of deep convection when it acts to slow down the rate of mixed layer deepening, (b) non-locality, in particular skewness which is large (negative) in the initial phases of deep convection and becomes small in the final stages, and finally, (c) a new model to treat lateral advection by baroclinic eddies that in the final stages of deep convection dominates over vertical transport. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. CUNY, BCC, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10453 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Canuto, VM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM vcanuto@giss.nasa.gov NR 57 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 95 DI 10.1016/S1463-5003(03)00038-6 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 824TQ UT WOS:000221710000005 ER PT J AU Steiner, N Holloway, G Gerdes, R Hakkinen, S Holland, D Karcher, M Kauker, F Maslowski, W Proshutinsky, A Steele, M Zhang, J AF Steiner, N Holloway, G Gerdes, R Hakkinen, S Holland, D Karcher, M Kauker, F Maslowski, W Proshutinsky, A Steele, M Zhang, J TI Comparing modeled streamfunction, heat and freshwater content in the Arctic Ocean SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; freshwater; heat content; streamfunction; model intercomparison ID SMALL IMPLICIT DIFFUSION; SEA-ICE COVER; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; ATLANTIC; HYDROGRAPHY; ALGORITHM; SCHEMES; CO2 AB Within the framework of the Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project results from several coupled sea ice-ocean models are compared in order to investigate vertically integrated properties of the Arctic Ocean. Annual means and seasonal ranges of streamfunction, freshwater and heat content are shown. For streamfunction the entire water column is integrated. For heat and freshwater content integration is over the upper 1000 m. The study represents a step toward identifying differences among model approaches and will serve as a base for upcoming studies where all models will be executed with common forcing. In this first stage only readily available outputs are compared, while forcing as well as numerical parameterizations differ. The intercomparison shows streamfunctions differing in pattern and by several Sverdrups in magnitude. Differences occur as well for the seasonal range, where streamfunction is subject to large variability. Annual mean heat content, referenced to 0 degreesC, in the Canada Basin varies from -3.5 to +1.8 GJ m(-2) among the models, representing both colder and warmer solutions compared to the climatology. Seasonal range is highest in regions with seasonal or no ice cover. Corresponding freshwater content, referenced to 34.8 ppt, shows differences most obviously in the Beaufort Sea and Canada Basin where maximum values vary between 6 and 24 m for the individual models. Maxima in the seasonal range are related to river inflow. In the current stage of the project, applied windstress contributes significantly to the differences. However differences due to model resolutions and model parameterizations can already be detected. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. AWI, Bremerhaven, Germany. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Steiner, N (reprint author), Inst Ocean Sci, 9860 W Saanich Rd, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM steinern@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Hakkinen, Sirpa/E-1461-2012 NR 35 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2004 VL 6 IS 3-4 BP 265 EP 284 DI 10.1016/S1463-5003(03)00013-1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 766VX UT WOS:000188397000004 ER PT J AU Klusek, Z Wiszniewski, A Jakacki, J AF Klusek, Z Wiszniewski, A Jakacki, J TI Relationships between atmospheric positive electric charge densities and gas bubble concentrations in the Baltic Sea SO OCEANOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE atmospheric electricity; air ions; gas bubbles; Baltic sea ID WATER; OCEAN; POPULATIONS; SIZE AB Simultaneous measurements of bubble density in the sea Subsurface and positive ions in the lower atmosphere were performed in the Baltic Sea in the summer of 1999. Bubbles in two size ranges, around 27 and 100 Inn, were measured acoustically. Airborne positive charge was measured with a Gerdien instrument. Observed concentrations of air ions varied from 60 cm(-3) up to 600 cm(-3). The relative role of bubbles and wind speed on the positive air ion concentrations over the brackish water of the Baltic Sea is discussed. The parameters off a model of a log-log dependence between charge concentration and bubble density are calculated. The correlation functions between time series of concentrations of positive charges over the sea and gas bubbles averaged over a depth range from 0.4 to 4 m and wind speed are presented. There was zero lag between the cross-correlation maxima of charge and bubbles, but there was a phase lag of one and a half hours between charge and wind speed. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, PL-81712 Sopot, Poland. Med Univ Gdansk, PL-80211 Gdansk, Poland. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Klusek, Z (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Powstancow Warszawy 55, PL-81712 Sopot, Poland. EM klusek@iopan.gda.pl NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST OCEANOLOGY PI SOPOT PA POWSTANCOW WASZAWY 55, PL-81-712 SOPOT, POLAND SN 0078-3234 J9 OCEANOLOGIA JI Oceanologia PY 2004 VL 46 IS 4 BP 459 EP 476 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 884QF UT WOS:000226100100001 ER PT B AU Nuckols, ML Adams, TW Holmes, CG AF Nuckols, ML Adams, TW Holmes, CG GP IEEE TI Analysis of a heating system using hydrogen catalytic reactions for surface-supplied divers SO OCEANS '04 MTS/IEEE TECHNO-OCEAN '04, VOLS 1- 2, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS. 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans '04 MTS/IEEE Techno-Ocean '04 Conference CY NOV 09-12, 2004 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE, OES, TON, JAMSTEC, Korea Convent Vis Assoc, AESTO, CEROS AB The necessity for active diver heating during long duration, cold water operations is well established. Since the early 1960's, free flooding hot water suits have been used with bulky, surface supplied heat sources to provide acceptable exposures in cold waters. When using these systems, hot water is pumped from the surface through an umbilical into a loose fitting suit worn by the diver. While these systems do provide an effective means of protecting the surface-supplied diver against cold exposures, they are extremely inefficient and require an additional umbilical from the surface for the water supply. Recently, a new diver heating system, using hydrogen catalytic reactions, has been developed for heating divers' suits and breathing gases during deep diving applications. The high heat production demonstrated during these previous projects has shown that this approach could be used as a combined whole-body heater and breath heater to potentially minimize package size and power requirements and yet meet all the diver heating requirements for long duration missions. This paper discusses the application of this new technology to replace the combined breath and body heating requirements of current surface-supplied diver heating systems, and assesses the feasibility of using this approach over varying diver depths and activity levels. C1 USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Nuckols, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8669-8 PY 2004 BP 250 EP 256 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BBT22 UT WOS:000227674100046 ER PT B AU Vaizer, L Lathrop, J Bono, J AF Vaizer, L Lathrop, J Bono, J GP IEEE TI Localization of magnetic dipole targets SO OCEANS '04 MTS/IEEE TECHNO-OCEAN '04, VOLS 1- 2, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS. 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans '04 MTS/IEEE Techno-Ocean '04 Conference CY NOV 09-12, 2004 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE, OES, TON, JAMSTEC, Korea Convent Vis Assoc, AESTO, CEROS AB An algorithm for the detection and localization of magnetic targets is described. The algorithm uses overlapping segments of magnetic gradient data (which contain more information than more common single-channel magnetometer data), collected from a moving platform, to estimate the positions and moments of stationary dipole targets. Effects of platform motion are removed prior to localization. This motion compensation can be performed with attitude information from inertial measurements, if available. Subtracting a least-square fit to measurements from a vector magnetometer that is used as a reference can also perform the compensation. This general reference-subtraction method can be used to remove other forms of noise. In particular, it can be used to remove interference from active noise sources during operation on UUVs. The dipole parameters are estimated with a combination of linear (to rind the moments) and nonlinear (to find the positions) least-squares fits. Multiple targets are handled with an iterative scheme, with new targets being successively added until there is no improvement in the fit. The implementation of this algorithm runs in real time, with only a short lag for processing. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Vaizer, L (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8669-8 PY 2004 BP 869 EP 873 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BBT22 UT WOS:000227674101051 ER PT B AU Purpura, JW Wynn, WM Carroll, PJ AF Purpura, JW Wynn, WM Carroll, PJ GP IEEE TI Assessment of an active electromagnetic sensor for hunting buried naval mines SO OCEANS '04 MTS/IEEE TECHNO-OCEAN '04, VOLS 1- 2, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS. 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans '04 MTS/IEEE Techno-Ocean '04 Conference CY NOV 09-12, 2004 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE, OES, TON, JAMSTEC, Korea Convent Vis Assoc, AESTO, CEROS AB Electromagnetic (EM) sensors potentially provide a valuable too] for buried naval mine classification in fusion with acoustic sensors because their sensor modalities are very distinct from imaging sonars. Passive magnetics provide moderate ranges against ferrous mines and shorter ranges against low-ferrous mines. While active EM sensors, limited by practical constraints on size and power, will provide only shorter-range sensing against sea mines, their ranges against low-ferrous mines are projected to approach those obtained by passive magnetic sensors. In addition, active EM sensors can detect and characterize non-ferrous metallic objects, and in some circumstances even non-metallic objects. Given new tactics in which short-range sensors are incorporated into reacquisition minehunting systems for short-range classification, active EM sensors using multi-frequency sources for target illumination can provide valuable multi-spectral discrimination for the classification of buried mines. The U.S. Navy is investigating use of active broadband EM sensors as a candidate technology for its Buried Minehunting (BAH) sensor suite. Geophex, Ltd. has demonstrated that broadband EM sensors can detect metallic ordnance buried in the ground and under the sea bottom at short ranges. Geophex also demonstrated that electromagnetic induction spectroscopy (EMIS) techniques could be used to measure the spectral "fingerprint" of a target, which is a function of the shape and metallic composition of the target. In this paper, we report results of initial investigations to measure the performance of Geophex active EM sensors moving past ferrous and non-ferrous targets in seawater under controlled conditions. Results will be used to provide guidance for design of an active EM sensor as part of a multi-sensor suite in a BMH reacquisition and identification system. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Purpura, JW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8669-8 PY 2004 BP 879 EP 889 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BBT22 UT WOS:000227674101053 ER PT B AU Clem, T Allen, G Bono, J McDonald, RJ Overway, D Sulzberger, G Kumar, S King, D AF Clem, T Allen, G Bono, J McDonald, RJ Overway, D Sulzberger, G Kumar, S King, D GP IEEE TI Magnetic sensors for buried minehunting from small unmanned underwater vehicles SO OCEANS '04 MTS/IEEE TECHNO-OCEAN '04, VOLS 1- 2, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS. 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans '04 MTS/IEEE Techno-Ocean '04 Conference CY NOV 09-12, 2004 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE, OES, TON, JAMSTEC, Korea Convent Vis Assoc, AESTO, CEROS ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE GRADIOMETER; PROTOTYPE AB Optical identification, which can provide compelling confirmation that a proud sonar contact is a mine, is obviously not possible for fully buried mines. One interesting sensor-fusion concept under consideration to confirm buried sonar contacts is to reacquire the contacts at short range using an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) carrying a magnetic sensor and a bottom-looking sonar, such as the Buried Object Scanning Sonar (BOSS) developed by Florida Atlantic University. Two magnetic sensors are currently being developed by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) for buried minehunting. The Quantum Magnetics' Realtime Tracking Gradiometer (RTG) is a multi-channel tensor gradiometer being developed using fluxgate technology. An existing RTG prototype has been integrated with an existing BOSS prototype onboard a tow body and underwater tow tests have been conducted over targets to demonstrate the effectiveness of the BOSS/RTG fusion concept. A new miniaturized version of the RTG is being developed for operation onboard relatively small unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs). The Polatomic Laser Scalar Gradiometer (LSG) is a multi-channel scalar magnetic sensor designed to operate on relatively small UUVs. It is based on the electron-spin resonance (ESR) properties of helium-4 gas in accordance with the Zeeman effect, very similar in concept to the US Navy's AN/ASQ-208. The LSG has attained increased sensitivity over the AN/ASQ-81 by the use of a laser in place of incoherent light for optical pumping. In this paper, the sensors and system configurations being pursued are discussed. Relevant tests that have been conducted for individual sensors and sensor combinations and test results are described. Current status of these developments and future plans to test and demonstrate these technologies and concepts are presented. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8669-8 PY 2004 BP 902 EP 910 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BBT22 UT WOS:000227674101055 ER PT B AU Fernandez, JE Matthews, AD Cook, DA Stroud, JS AF Fernandez, JE Matthews, AD Cook, DA Stroud, JS GP IEEE TI Synthetic aperture sonar development for autonomous underwater vehicles SO OCEANS '04 MTS/IEEE TECHNO-OCEAN '04, VOLS 1- 2, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS. 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans '04 MTS/IEEE Techno-Ocean '04 Conference CY NOV 09-12, 2004 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE, OES, TON, JAMSTEC, Korea Convent Vis Assoc, AESTO, CEROS AB The combination of synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) technologies is producing underwater acoustic imaging systems of tremendous capability and versatility. Under the sponsorship of the Office of Naval Research (ONR), Naval Surface Warfare Center, Panama City (NSWC-PC) and Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University (ARL/PSU) are designing and fabricating 21-inch and 12.75-inch diameter AUV compatible Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) systems. These systems are to be integrated and tested with 21-inch and 12.75-inch diameter AUVs built by Bluefin Robotics and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). This paper provides an overview of the systems and their developmental status. Included is a general description of the motion estimation and compensation technique currently in use and of its potential use for improving the navigational performance of the system. In addition, considerations for cooperative operations between AUV systems are discussed. Examples are given to demonstrate the various points presented. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Fernandez, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8669-8 PY 2004 BP 1927 EP 1933 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BBT22 UT WOS:000227674103022 ER PT B AU Nesbitt, CL Lopes, JL AF Nesbitt, CL Lopes, JL GP IEEE TI Subcritical detection of an elongated target buried under a rippled interface SO OCEANS '04 MTS/IEEE TECHNO-OCEAN '04, VOLS 1- 2, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS. 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans '04 MTS/IEEE Techno-Ocean '04 Conference CY NOV 09-12, 2004 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE, OES, TON, JAMSTEC, Korea Convent Vis Assoc, AESTO, CEROS ID SANDY SEDIMENT AB This paper describes recent results from an ongoing measurement and modeling effort investigating shallow grazing angle acoustic detection of targets buried under a rippled bottom. The measurements are being performed in a 13.7-m deep, 110-m long, 80-m wide test-pool with a 1.5-m layer of sand on the bottom. The rippled bottom is formed by scraping the sand with a machined rake. A parametric sonar (1 to 20 kHz) and broad band (10 to 50 kHz) transducers are placed onto the shaft of a tilting motor, which in turn is attached to an elevated rail that enables this assembly to be translated horizontally, permitting acquired data to be processed and displayed as images. Data acquired with the broad band transducers could be further processed using synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) techniques. In previous work, measured calibrated backscatter levels obtained from a buried silicone oil-filled sphere were compared to predictions of a model that uses perturbation theory. Most of the data-model comparisons exhibited good agreement (Lopes et al., "Subcritical Detection of Targets Buried Under a Rippled Interface: Calibrated Levels and Effects of Large Roughness," MTS/IEEE, pp.485-493.). In order to evaluate model predictions on more complex scatterers, an additional series of measurements was conducted using an elongated cylindrical shaped target that was buried under the rippled surface. Images of the buried cylindrical target were generated and are presented. Also presented are signal-to-noise ratios of the buried target. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Nesbitt, CL (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Code R21,110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8669-8 PY 2004 BP 1945 EP 1952 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BBT22 UT WOS:000227674103025 ER PT B AU Lim, R Sammelmann, GS AF Lim, R Sammelmann, GS GP IEEE TI Subcritical detection of targets buried under a rippled interface: Extended perturbation theory SO OCEANS '04 MTS/IEEE TECHNO-OCEAN '04, VOLS 1- 2, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS. 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans '04 MTS/IEEE Techno-Ocean '04 Conference CY NOV 09-12, 2004 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE, OES, TON, JAMSTEC, Korea Convent Vis Assoc, AESTO, CEROS ID SMALL SLOPE APPROXIMATION; ROUGH SURFACES; SCATTERING AB Previous comparisons between controlled measurements and model predictions for shallow grazing angle acoustic backscatter by underwater targets buried in sand with a rippled surface have shown good agreement except for some of the higher roughness height cases. This lends confidence to the hypothesis that roughness diffraction can significantly improve target detection performance with sonar operated at grazing angles shallower than the critical grazing angle. The exceptions to model agreement showed even greater detection signal-to-noise due to roughness diffraction than predicted. Because the modeling was based on low-order perturbation theory to handle sound transmission through bottom roughness, these exceptions have been attributed to failure of the perturbation theory. Here we report on the effect of including higher-order perturbation corrections using a recursive algorithm to generate corrections to arbitrary order for an idealized sinusoidal ripple. Straightforward summation of terms is seen to lead to divergence beyond third order as the acoustic wavelength gets smaller than the ripple height. However, reformulations of perturbation theory, such as applying Pade approximants or using Voronovich's small-slope approximation, are shown to remain stable for most problems of interest. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Lim, R (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Code R21,110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8669-8 PY 2004 BP 1953 EP 1960 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BBT22 UT WOS:000227674103026 ER PT B AU Gaumond, CF Fromm, DM Lingevitch, J Menis, R Edelmann, G Calvo, D Kim, E AF Gaumond, CF Fromm, DM Lingevitch, J Menis, R Edelmann, G Calvo, D Kim, E GP IEEE TI Application of DORT to active sonar SO OCEANS '04 MTS/IEEE TECHNO-OCEAN '04, VOLS 1- 2, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS. 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans '04 MTS/IEEE Techno-Ocean '04 Conference CY NOV 09-12, 2004 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE, OES, TON, JAMSTEC, Korea Convent Vis Assoc, AESTO, CEROS ID TIME-REVERSAL; OPERATOR AB Active sonar in shallow water is often reverberation-limited and the detectability is often limited by the presence of too many false alarms. The problem of improving detection, and classification, in shallow water is being worked on in several different ways. The Time Reversal Operator Decomposition (DORT) is a technique that has recently been applied to the problem of discriminating echoes in shallow water based on the different depths of the scatterers. DORT uses scattering data from a multiple source and multiple receiver sonar arrangement to separate scatterers; that are resolvable by the source and receiver arrays. DORT is the application of the singular value decomposition of the frequency-domain data. This paper presents a derivation of DORT from the sonar equation. DORT is inherently a frequency-domain technique. In order to preserve range-resolution, the sonar equation is transformed into the time-frequency domain. With that representation, DORT can be applied to the frequency domain signal within a range resolution cell. Following the derivation of DORT from the sonar equation, numerical simulations are shown that demonstrate the depth resolution of a vertical line array of sources and receivers. Sufficient depth resolution is shown using few sources at frequencies near 500 Hz in water with a depth of 100 m. Problems that are encountered with the implementation of the technique are discussed. Target motion causes leakage of signal energy into several singular values. Motion of the source or receiver are shown to have little effect. The problems and constraints that arise from different multiplexing techniques, including frequency, code and time division, are shown. Results are shown with data taken on the Atlantic shelf, east of Cape May, NJ, during Geoclutter 03 and TREX-04 experiments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gaumond, CF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8669-8 PY 2004 BP 2230 EP 2235 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BBT22 UT WOS:000227674103066 ER PT S AU Price, GL AF Price, GL BE Doran, RS Kadison, RV TI On shifts of minimal index on the hyperfinite II1 factor SO OPERATOR ALGEBRAS, QUANTIZATION, AND NONCOMMUTATIVE GEOMETRY: A CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION HONORING JOHN VON NEUMANN AND MARSHALL H. STONE SE CONTEMPORARY MATHEMATICS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AMS Special Session on Operator Algebras, Quantization and Noncommutative Geometry CY JAN 15-16, 2003 CL Baltimore, MD SP AMS DE shift; *-endomorphism; conjugacy; entropy ID TYPE-II1 FACTORS; ENTROPY AB We show that there exist shifts on the hyperfinite II1 factor of subfactor index 2 and commutant index 2 that are distinct from Powers' binary shifts. The conjugacy classes and the Connes-Stormer entropy of a family of these shifts are determined. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math 9E, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Price, GL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math 9E, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA SN 0271-4132 BN 0-8218-3402-9 J9 CONTEMP MATH PY 2004 VL 365 BP 299 EP 314 PG 16 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BBM70 UT WOS:000226233300013 ER PT S AU Dorland, BN Johnson, SD Waczynski, A AF Dorland, BN Johnson, SD Waczynski, A BE Garnett, JD Beletic, JW TI Effects of radiation damage on astrometric CCDs: Comparison of STA700 and e2v model 43 detectors SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy CY JUN 21-22, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE astrometry; CCDs; readout noise; dark current; proton damage; CTI; Fe-55; FPR AB We report on the measurement results for two candidate astrometric CCD designs, the STA700 and the e2v CCD43. Both of these CCDs have been considered as design baseline CCDs for use in a high-precision astrometric instrument in space, similar to the one proposed for the FAME, DIVA, or AMEX missions. We have exposed one sample CCD of each design to a fluence of 5 x 10(9) P+ cm(-2) (@ 63.3 MeV), then measured the relevant readout noise, dark current, charge injection noise, and CTI performance. We compare the two CCDs and assess how well each mitigates radiation damage. C1 USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM bdorland@usno.navy.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5431-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5499 BP 530 EP 541 DI 10.1117/12.551031 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BBB41 UT WOS:000224539300054 ER PT S AU Seely, J Goray, L Windt, D Kjornrattanawanich, B Uspenskii, Y Vinogradov, A AF Seely, J Goray, L Windt, D Kjornrattanawanich, B Uspenskii, Y Vinogradov, A BE Soufli, R Seely, JF TI Extreme ultraviolet optical constants for the design and fabrication of multilayer-coated gratings SO OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF MATERIALS FOR UV TO X-RAY WAVELENGTHS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Constants of Materials for UV to X-Ray Wavelengths CY AUG 04-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE multilayer coatings; diffraction gratings; extreme ultraviolet; x-ray optics ID NORMAL-INCIDENCE EFFICIENCY; WAVELENGTH; MIRRORS; SPECTROMETER; REFLECTIVITY; SCANDIUM; REPLICA; RANGE; NM AB The computational design of multilayer-coated diffraction gratings for the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelength region and the experimental performance of the coated gratings depend on the optical constants of the layer materials. While accurate optical constants are available for many commonly used materials, the EUV optical constants can in practice differ significantly from the tabulated values. This is generally true near absorption edges, for reactive materials that may be subject to oxidation or contamination, and for the longer EUV wavelengths (>30 nm) where molecular effects can be important. Normal-incidence gratings with Mo/Si coatings operating in the 17-21 nm and 25-29 unit wavelength ranges were successfully designed and fabricated for the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on the Solar-B mission, the first satellite instrument to carry a multilayer grating. Examples of multilayer gratings designed and fabricated for wavelengths <12 nm and >40 nm, using materials other than Mo/Si, will be given that have in many cases required the experimental determination of the optical constants owing to inaccuracies in the tabulated values. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seely, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Goray, Leonid/D-4426-2013; Uspenskii, Yurii/L-6205-2015 OI Goray, Leonid/0000-0002-0381-9607; NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5476-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5538 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1117/12.559053 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BBD65 UT WOS:000225039500005 ER PT S AU DiVittorio, M Walton, J AF DiVittorio, M Walton, J BE AtadEttedgui, E Dierickx, P TI Reflectometer shoot-out: Comparing the performance and accuracy of hand-held reflectometers SO OPTICAL FABRICATION, METROLOGY, AND MATERIAL ADVANCEMENTS FOR TELESCOPES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Fabrication, Metrology and Material Advancements for Telescopes CY JUN 24-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE reflectometer; reflectivity; reflectance; surface roughness; mirror coatings; scatter AB The reflectivity of mirror surfaces is a critical aspect of telescope performance. This is especially true of large adaptive optics systems and interferometers where twenty or more reflective surfaces may be encountered prior to reaching the final detector. The ability to accurately measure the reflectivity of mirrors in-situ allows not only for the determination of system throughput, but also helps to determine when optical elements need cleaning or recoating. We compare the performance of three commercially available, hand-held reflectometers by measuring calibrated reference surfaces of varying reflectivity and scatter characteristics. The reference surfaces are precisely calibrated for absolute reflectivity against NIST traceable standards using a state-of-the-art laboratory reflectometer. Through analysis of the reflectometer measurements of the precisely calibrated surfaces, we determine the relative ability of each reflectometer to measure reflectivity and differentiate scattered light from specular reflection. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP DiVittorio, M (reprint author), USN Observ, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5426-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5494 BP 434 EP 446 DI 10.1117/12.552123 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BBB39 UT WOS:000224537400044 ER PT S AU Hart, SJ Terray, A Kuhn, KL Arnold, J Leski, TA AF Hart, SJ Terray, A Kuhn, KL Arnold, J Leski, TA BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Optical chromatography for biological separations SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE optical chromatography; laser; pressure; bacteria; separation; microfluidics; anthrax; Bacillus anthracis ID MANIPULATION; PARTICLES; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); DEVICES; TRAP AB Laser trapping has been used for the manipulation of a wide variety of microscopic inorganic, metallic, polymeric, and biological particles, including cells, bacteria, and viruses. A more recently developed technique, optical chromatography, uses a lightly focused laser beam introduced into a counter-propagating fluid containing the particles to be trapped. Particle trapping and separation occurs through a balance of fluid drag forces and optical forces. The optical pressure that the laser exerts on a particle depends in part on its size, shape, and refractive index (chemical composition). Particles with a larger refractive index experience greater optical pressure and hence move farther upstream. Particles move against the fluid flow until reaching an equilibrium position where the fluid and optical forces are balanced. This position in relation to the focal point is termed the retention distance. Several important samples of biological origin have been separated and studied, including bacterial cells, spores, and pollens. The utility and prospects for optical chromatography are greatly expanded and the stage is set for many other optical characterization applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hart, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6113,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Leski, Tomasz/K-6916-2013 OI Leski, Tomasz/0000-0001-7688-9887 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5452-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5514 BP 35 EP 47 DI 10.1117/12.557363 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBN52 UT WOS:000226283000004 ER PT S AU Terray, A Hart, SJ Kuhn, KL Arnold, J AF Terray, A Hart, SJ Kuhn, KL Arnold, J BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Optical chromatography in a PDMS microfluidic environment SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE optical chromatography; optical trapping; separation; microfluidics; PDMS; anthrax; bacillus anthracis; pollen ID PARTICLES; MANIPULATION; TRAP; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); SEPARATION; TWEEZERS; BIOLOGY; SYSTEMS; DEVICES AB Since the discovery that laser radiation could be used to impart momentum to microscopic entities, a wide variety of methods, devices, and applications have followed. The most well known method for harnessing optical pressure, optical trapping, involves the highly convergent diffraction limited focusing of a laser for optical manipulation. A lesser known method, termed optical chromatography, involves mildly focusing a laser propagating directly against a fluid flow. When microscopic particles in the flow path encounter this beam they are trapped axially along the beam and are pushed upstream from the focal point to rest at a point where the optical pressure and fluid forces on the particle are equal. Because the optical and fluid forces are sensitive to differences in the physical and chemical properties of a particle, a new level of sensitivity, discrimination, and control is possible. This method has recently been used to separate colloidal particles differing only in refractive index. Flow environments designed and fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) using a modification to the method termed Soft Lithography have been adapted to accommodate a loosely focused laser beam entering through a sidewall of the PDMS microfluidic system. Optical chromatographic separations, active sorting, and other particulate mixture manipulations within these customized PDMS microfluidic channel systems are being investigated. The application of these methods and the design of fluidic and optical environments will allow for the very specific separation, identification, and manipulation of a multitude of microscopic particle suspensions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Terray, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6113,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5452-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5514 BP 695 EP 703 DI 10.1117/12.557890 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBN52 UT WOS:000226283000079 ER PT S AU Huston, AL Sivaprakasam, V Scotto, CS Lin, HB Eversole, JD Schultz, A Willey, J AF Huston, AL Sivaprakasam, V Scotto, CS Lin, HB Eversole, JD Schultz, A Willey, J BE Carrano, JC Zukauskas, A TI Optical classification of bioaerosols using UV fluorescence and IR absorption spectroscopy SO OPTICALLY BASED BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL SENSING FOR DEFENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optically Based Biological and Chemical Sensing for Defence CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE biological aerosol; UV; laser-induced fluorescence; IR absorption ID BIOLOGICAL AEROSOL DETECTION; DIPICOLINIC ACID AB A partnership that includes the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), MIT Lincoln Laboratories and the Edgewood Chemical and Biological Command is engaged in an effort to develop optical techniques for the rapid detection and classification of biological aerosols. This paper will describe two efforts at NRL: development of an improved UV fluorescence front-end trigger and the use of infrared absorption spectroscopy to classify biological aerosol particles. UV Laser-induced fluorescence (UVLIF) has been demonstrated to provide very high sensitivity for differentiating between biological and inorganic aerosol particles. Unfortunately, current UVLIF systems have unacceptably high false alarm rates due to interferences from man made and naturally occurring organic and biological particulates. We have developed a two-wavelength, UVLIF technique that offers a higher level of discrimination than is possible using single wavelength UVLIF. Infrared absorption spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis demonstrates a high potential for differentiation among members of biological and chemical sample classes. Two-wavelength UVLIF in combination with the IR interrogation of collected bioaerosols could provide a rapid, reagentless approach to specific classification of biological particles according to an operational level of discrimination the degree of particle characterization required in order to signal the presence of pathogenic material. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huston, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5570-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5617 BP 300 EP 311 DI 10.1117/12.578062 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBO70 UT WOS:000226748300029 ER PT S AU Hart, M Lin, HB Deich, J Huston, A Eversole, J Knudsen, S AF Hart, M Lin, HB Deich, J Huston, A Eversole, J Knudsen, S BE Carrano, JC Zukauskas, A TI Rapid identification of biological particles using on-the-fly fluorescent marking SO OPTICALLY BASED BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL SENSING FOR DEFENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optically Based Biological and Chemical Sensing for Defence CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE fluorescence; biological particle; aerosol; aptamer; molecular beacon; detection; identification; charged particles ID IN-VITRO SELECTION; AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMES; RNA APTAMERS; MOLECULES; INHIBIT; LIGANDS; PROTEIN; SURFACE; SPORES AB We are developing a novel method to fluorescently label specific biological aerosols on-the-fly using an in-line electrospray technique. Fluorescently labeled biomarkers such as molecular beacons, aptamer beacons, or those constructed from antibodies, will be used to coat aerosol particles in an air stream. Single biological particles with appropriate receptors will be tagged with biomarkers that fluoresce at a particular wavelength allowing the particle to be identified in near real time using a simple laser induced fluorescence technique. The fluorescent markers are normally quenched in the absence of their target analyte, permitting the use of mixtures of different biomarkers for simultaneously identifying multiple types of biological particles. The technique can also be applied to inorganic particulate with a molecular surface composition that lends itself to epitopic binding. Some of the issues that are currently being investigated include the kinetics of biomarker binding in an aerosol stream, optimal electrospray geometries and the nondestructive charging of biological particles on the fly. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hart, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5570-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5617 BP 374 EP 381 DI 10.1117/12.578338 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBO70 UT WOS:000226748300036 ER PT S AU Seely, J Windt, D Donguy, S Brown, C Holland, G Hunter, W Kowalski, M Kjornrattanawanich, B Doschek, G Mariska, J Korendyke, C Dere, K AF Seely, J Windt, D Donguy, S Brown, C Holland, G Hunter, W Kowalski, M Kjornrattanawanich, B Doschek, G Mariska, J Korendyke, C Dere, K BE Citterio, O ODell, SL TI Performance of multilayer-coated gratings for the extreme-ultraviolet imaging spectrometer (EIS) for the Solar-B mission SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY AUG 04-07, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE extreme ultraviolet optics; diffraction grating ID EFFICIENCY AB The measured efficiencies of two flight gratings and the reflectances of two flight mirrors developed for the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) for the Japanese Solar-B mission are presented. Each optic has two sectors with Mo/Si multilayers that reflect the 17-21 nm and 25-29 nm wavebands at normal incidence. The efficiencies that were measured using monochromatic synchrotron radiation are in good agreement with the calculated efficiencies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seely, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5041-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5168 BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.1117/12.507160 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY61L UT WOS:000189421500002 ER PT S AU Kowalski, MP Cruddace, RG Wood, KS Yentis, DJ Gursky, H Barbee, TW Fritz, GG Hunter, WR Heidemann, KF Barstow, MA AF Kowalski, MP Cruddace, RG Wood, KS Yentis, DJ Gursky, H Barbee, TW Fritz, GG Hunter, WR Heidemann, KF Barstow, MA BE Citterio, O ODell, SL TI Proposed multilayer-grating designs for the astrophysical plasmadynamic explorer (APEX): An EUV high resolution spectroscopic SMEX SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY AUG 04-07, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE satellite instruments; spectrometers; diffraction gratings; multilayer coatings; extreme ultraviolet ID WAVELENGTH REGION; EFFICIENCY CALIBRATION; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; RANGE; SPECTROMETER; PERFORMANCE; RADIATION AB APEX is a proposed mission for a Small Explorer (SMEX) satellite. The instrument is a suite of 8 near-normal incidence EUV spectrometers and is the outgrowth of 17 years of research at NRL on multilayer coatings and holographic ion-etched diffraction gratings. A prototype spectrometer has been flown successfully on a sounding rocket. We have examined different multilayer and gratings designs and produced a configuration optimized for the proposed science. APEX will achieve a peak effective area of at least 30-50 cm(2) in the range 90-275 Angstrom with resolution similar to10,000, significant improvements on Chandra and EUVE. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5041-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5168 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1117/12.508553 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY61L UT WOS:000189421500003 ER PT S AU Davis, AH Bussmann, K AF Davis, AH Bussmann, K BE Kafafi, ZH Lane, PA TI Observation of large magnetic field effects in organic light emitting diodes SO ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices VII CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE OLED; Alq(3); magnetic field effect; magnetoresistance; transient; electro-luminescence ID ENERGY-LEVEL ALIGNMENT; MUTUAL ANNIHILATION; TRIPLET EXCITONS; ANTHRACENE; CRYSTALS; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; LAYER AB Large magnetic field effects (NEE) have been observed in organic light emitting diodes (OLED) based on a bilayer of tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq(3)) and N,N'-Di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'diphenyl-benzidine (NPB). They consist of an increase in electroluminescence (EL) of a few percent at low magnetic fields followed by a decrease in EL of 20+% at high fields. Associated with these two effects is a decrease in resistance of typically 1-3% as the magnetic field is increased. The magnitude of the high field effect (HFE) varies with temperature and current density, while the low field effect (LFE) survives even when the HFE is not present. The HFE is enhanced at low temperature and/or high current density. These effects are similar to those reported for anthracene single crystals suggesting a large triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) component for the EL in Alq3. However, transient EL studies fail to definitively identify a delayed luminescence component with a time scale appropriate for TTA in Alq3, We discuss this and other questions concerning the origin of MFE in this system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, AH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5087-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5214 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1117/12.510035 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BY77G UT WOS:000189459500007 ER PT S AU Kim, WH Palilis, LC Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH AF Kim, WH Palilis, LC Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH BE Kafafi, ZH Lane, PA TI High-efficiency silole-based molecular organic light-emitting devices using highly conducting polymer anode contacts SO ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices VII CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs); conducting polymers; silacyclopentadienes; siloles; poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) ID ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; DIODES; DERIVATIVES; INJECTION; EMISSION AB We present high efficiency and high luminance molecular organic light-emitting diodes (MOLEDs) using a conducting polymer as a hole-injecting electrode (anode), a CsF/Al bilayer as a cathode, and silole derivatives as an emitter and/or an electron transporter. The conducting polymer films, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), were either spin-cast from aqueous dispersions or pre-coated on plastic substrates (courtesy of Agfa Gevaert N.V. Belgium). The surface sheet resistance of the conducting polymer films is in the range of 150 Ohms/sq similar to 1500 Ohms/sq. MOLEDs fabricated with a low sheet resistance (150 Ohms/sq) conducting polymer as an anode without using an ITO underlayer and CsF/Al as a cathode exhibit very low operating voltages (4.5V @ 100 cd/m(2) and 6.5V @ 1,000 cd/m(2)). This good device performance is attributable to the low sheet resistance of the conducting polymer anode and the high electron mobility of the silole derivative, namely 2,5-bis-(2',2"-bipyridin-6-yl)-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylsilacyclopentadiene (PyPySPyPy), used as an electron transporter. Efficient electron injection from the CsF/Al cathode to the PyPySPyPy electron injection/transport layer also contributes to better charge balance and improved device efficiency. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, WH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5087-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5214 BP 180 EP 187 DI 10.1117/12.509646 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BY77G UT WOS:000189459500019 ER PT S AU Watkins, NJ Makinen, AJ Gao, Y Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH AF Watkins, NJ Makinen, AJ Gao, Y Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH BE Kafafi, ZH Lane, PA TI Direct observation of the evolution of both the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of a silole derivative at a magnesium/silole interface. SO ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES VII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices VII CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE 2,5-bis(6 '-(2 ',2 ''-bipyridyl))-1; 1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenyl silacyclopentadiene; silole; gap state; inverse photoemission spectroscopy; photoemission spectroscopy ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; INVERSE-PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; FERMI-LEVEL; TRANSPORT; LAYER; FILM AB The electronic structure of the interface formed by Mg deposition onto 2,5-bis(6'-(2',2"-bipyridyl))-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenyl silacyclopentadiene (PyPySPyPy) was investigated using ultraviolet, inverse, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopies. PyPySPyPy is of interest for use as an electron injection/transport layer in high efficiency organic light-emitting diodes. Upon deposition of Mg onto PyPySPyPy there is a shift of the occupied energy level structure to higher binding energy, away from the Fermi level, and appearance of two energy levels within the energy gap of PyPySPyPy. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital is also shifted to higher binding energy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Watkins, NJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5087-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5214 BP 368 EP 376 DI 10.1117/12.515300 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BY77G UT WOS:000189459500040 ER PT S AU Lane, PA Brewer, PJ Bradley, DDC de Mello, A de Mello, JC AF Lane, PA Brewer, PJ Bradley, DDC de Mello, A de Mello, JC BE Kafafi, ZH Lane, PA TI Electromodulation studies of a polyfluorene light-emitting diode SO ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE polymer LED; electric field; Spectroscopy ID CONJUGATED POLYMERS; LIMITED CONDUCTION; DISSOCIATION; INJECTION; EXCITONS; DEVICES AB Electromodulation (EM) spectroscopy has been used to probe the electric field distribution in polymer light-emitting diodes. Below the turn-on bias, the EM spectrum is dominated by electroabsorption of the emissive layer. The electroabsorption signal vanishes at the turn-on bias. Under operation, the EM spectrum is due to by excited state absorption from injected charge and bleaching of the ground state absorption of the emissive layer. We conclude that the internal electric field is effectively screened by accumulation of trapped electrons at the anode. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lane, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Dr SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bradley, Donal/F-6068-2011 OI Bradley, Donal/0000-0001-8713-5060 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5457-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5519 BP 100 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.563257 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BBJ47 UT WOS:000225811100011 ER PT S AU Warner, JH Walters, RJ Messenger, SR Lorentzen, JR Summers, GP Cotal, HL Karam, NH AF Warner, JH Walters, RJ Messenger, SR Lorentzen, JR Summers, GP Cotal, HL Karam, NH BE Kafafi, ZH Lane, PA TI Measurement and characterization of triple junction solar cells using a close matched multizone solar simulator SO ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photovoltaics V CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE, Natl Renewable Energy Lab DE triple junction; multi-junction; radiation effects; spectral response; multizone simulator; characterization; solar cell testing; solar spectrum; pyranometer; and quantum efficiency AB The photovoltaic characterization of triple-junction InGaP2/GaAs/Ge solar cells is presented. Measurements made using a single light source solar simulator are compared with other measurements made using a multi-light source solar simulator that provides a close match to the air mass zero (AM0) solar spectrum., The output spectrum of the solar simulators has been measured, and two methods for calibrating the simulator output intensity haven been employed. The spectral response of the solar cells has been characterized through quantum efficiency measurements. These data are analyzed to determine the effect of the simulator spectrum on the measured photovoltaic response, and in particular, areas where spectral mismatch between the simulator and AM0 can lead to inaccurate performance predictions are highlighted. In addition, the effects of the different calibration techniques on the measured data are studied. Exploiting the capabilities of the multi-source, close matched simulator, the response of each of the three sub-junctions are studied individually, and the interplay between the spectral response of the sub-junctions and the incident spectrum is investigated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Warner, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5458-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5520 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1117/12.559734 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BBI07 UT WOS:000225597100006 ER PT S AU Kushto, GP Kim, WH Kafafi, ZH AF Kushto, GP Kim, WH Kafafi, ZH BE Kafafi, ZH Lane, PA TI Wide band gap organic photovoltaics on flexible plastic substrates using conducting polymer electrodes SO ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photovoltaics V CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE, Natl Renewable Energy Lab DE organic photovoltaics; organic solar cell; organic semiconductors; triple heterojunction organic solar cell; C-60; alpha-NPD; AM1.5 solar spectrum ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; DEVICES; ANODES; PERFORMANCE; OXYGEN; C-60 AB Single heterojunction and multi-heterojunction, small-molecule organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) have been prepared on Glass/ITO and fully-flexible thermoplastic substrates using pre-patterned, conducting polymer electrodes (similar to 450Omega/square). OPVs were fabricated via sequential vacuum vapor deposition of layers of the organic electron donating/hole transporting material: N,N'-(alpha-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (alpha-NPD) and the electron accepting/transporting material C-60. Devices built on glass/ITO substrates operated with a maximum, white-light power conversion efficiency (eta(power)) of 1.1% (AM1.5, 97 mW/cm(2)). Analogous devices fabricated on fully-flexible, plastic substrates using conducting polymer transparent electrodes exhibited white-light power conversion efficiencies of similar to1%, virtually identical to those fabricated on prepatterned ITO/glass substrates. The glass/ITO cells were further optimized by including an exciton blocking layer of 2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP) and their eta(power)s exhibited a 30% increase to 1.3%. C1 USN, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kushto, GP (reprint author), USN, Opt Sci Div, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5458-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5520 BP 118 EP 125 DI 10.1117/12.565017 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BBI07 UT WOS:000225597100014 ER PT S AU Wu, DH AF Wu, DH BE Appleby, R Chamberlain, JM Krapels, KA TI A Terahertz Detector and optical parametric generator for remote sensing applications SO PASSIVE MILLIMETRE-WAVE AND TERAHERTZ IMAGING AND TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimetre-Wave and Terahertz Imaging and Technology CY OCT 27-28, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTOR; LINBO3; RANGE AB Terahertz remote-sensing applications require high sensitivity detectors and high-power terahertz sources. The reason for this is that terahertz signals can be quickly attenuated by water molecules present in the target, as well as in the environment between the source and the target. Of the many terahertz source technologies available, the one based on the optical parametric generation technique seems to be the most promising, as it is portable and can produce a relatively high-power terahertz beam. At present we are developing a terahertz source based on an optical parametric technique. We have used a Nd:YAG Q-switched laser as the pump source, and a LiNbO3 crystal as the optical parametric medium. With LiNbO3 our generator could produce a terahertz beam over the frequency range of 100 GHz through 3 THz. The output power was highly dependent on the properties of the material. For terahertz detection we have used a Si-bolometer or an electro-optic (EO) detector, which was specifically developed to detect CW terahertz signals. In addition to the EO sensor, we are presently developing a new detector based on a quantum-dot structure, whose noise equivalent power (NEP) is expected to be about 10(-21) W/(Hz) (1/2). This is several orders of magnitude better than the sensitivity of our bolometer (10(-13) W/(Hz) (1/2)) at 4.2 K, or our EO detector (10(-12) W/(Hz) (1/2)) at room temperature. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wu, DH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5572-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5619 BP 208 EP 217 DI 10.1117/12.581381 PG 10 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP27 UT WOS:000226861800021 ER PT B AU McMahon, MM AF McMahon, MM BE Arabnia, HR TI A hub-and-spoke network for global network-centric applications SO PDPTA '04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE network-centric architecture; hub-and-spoke AB The hub-and-spoke architecture use in networks dates to the early telecommunications central switching office. The benefits of this architecture are only beginning to be explored in network-centric global applications. In a hub-and-spoke network, the hub can serve multiple roles: a translator between communication formats, a subscription manager, multi-level data access controller, and a data repository. The hub extends existing local network technology by allowing interaction between dissimilar and distant systems. Disaster relief and incident response are examples of operations that require dissimilar, previously uncoordinated agencies to collaborate under dynamic and rapidly changing circumstances. These types of operations can benefit from the support of network-centric applications. This article describes a hub that performs global networking, the implementation efforts to date, and the plans for future work. Initial performance data when using a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite system as a spoke is also presented. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McMahon, MM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-26-2 PY 2004 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBJ53 UT WOS:000225819600016 ER PT J AU Pool, V Mootrey, G Chen, RT Gargiullo, PM Braun, MM Kelso, JM Yunginger, JW AF Pool, V Mootrey, G Chen, RT Gargiullo, PM Braun, MM Kelso, JM Yunginger, JW TI Gelatin allergy - Reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Div Epidemiol, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Allergy, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Mayo Clin Coll Med, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Pool, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2004 VL 113 IS 1 BP 170 EP 171 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 762XX UT WOS:000188010600049 ER PT S AU Zhang, XL AF Zhang, XL BE Block, DL Puerari, I Freeman, KC Groess, R Block, EK TI On the generation of the Hubble sequence through an internal secular dynamical process SO PENETRATING BARS THROUGH MASKS OF COSMIC DUST: THE HUBBLE TUNING FORK STRIKES A NEW NOTE SE Astrophysics and Space Science Library LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Penetrating Bars Through Masks of Cosmic Dust CY JUN 07-12, 2004 CL Pilanesberg Natl Pk, SOUTH AFRICA DE generation of the Hubble sequence; secular evolution of galaxies ID TO-LIGHT RATIOS; SPIRAL GALAXIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; BULGES AB The secular evolution process, which slowly transforms the morphology of a galaxy over its lifetime, could naturally account for observed properties of the great majority of physical galaxies if both stellar and gaseous accretion processes are taken into account. As an emerging paradigm for galaxy evolution, its dynamical foundation had been established in the past few years, and its observational consequences are yet to be fully explored. The secular evolution picture provides a coherent framework for understanding the extraordinary regularity and the systematic variation of galaxy properties along the Hubble sequence. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhang, XL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0067-0057 BN 1-4020-2861-X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2004 VL 319 BP 317 EP 327 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBQ01 UT WOS:000227011300029 ER PT S AU Ciezki, G Ashton, RW AF Ciezki, G Ashton, RW GP ieee TI Optimal design of a soft-swiched DC-DC converter for a prototype DC distribution system SO PESC 04: 2004 IEEE 35TH ANNUAL POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE RECORDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC 04) CY JUN 20-25, 2004 CL Aachen, GERMANY SP IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Joint IAS, PELS IES German Chapter, Yaskawa, Mitsubishi Elect, GE AB With goals of increased littoral operation and reduced manning, future U.S. Naval surface combatants must employ new technologies and architectures that better enable the vessel to sustain battle damage and continue to right effectively. Since the power system is integral to shipboard combat system and damage control operation, the U.S. Navy is investigating power electronics-based distribution topologies that enhance survivability by promoting controllability and system reconfiguration. Constrained by multi-megawatt power requirements and limited space, such architectures require unique multi-functional, high-efficiency, power dense converters. One approach to maximizing power density is to adopt soft-switching or resonant converter topologies. In this paper, the authors report on efforts to design, optimize, and validate the performance of a selected 8kW soft-switching dc-dc converter. The converter specifications were selected to enable inclusion in a reduced-scale power system test platform. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ciezki@usna.edu; ashton@nps.navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0275-9306 BN 0-7803-8399-0 J9 IEEE POWER ELECTRON PY 2004 BP 1731 EP 1736 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBB78 UT WOS:000224587600286 ER PT S AU Auyeung, RCY Numberger, MW Wendland, DJ Pique, A Arnold, CB Abbott, AR Schuette, LC AF Auyeung, RCY Numberger, MW Wendland, DJ Pique, A Arnold, CB Abbott, AR Schuette, LC BE Herman, PR Fieret, J Pique, A Okada, T Bachmann, FG Hoving, W Washio, K Xu, X Dubowski, JJ Geohegan, DB Trager, F TI Laser fabrication of GPS conformal antennas SO PHOTON PROCESSING IN MICROELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photon Processing in Microelectronics and Photonics III CY JAN 26-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE conformal antennas; laser micromachining; laser direct-write; laser microfabrication; rapid prototyping; GPS ID DIRECT-WRITE AB The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become a mature technology and is continually being applied in new and more demanding applications. A current effort in this area is the development of compact, durable but lightweight GPS antennas on conformal surfaces for handheld devices. Because modeling the electromagnetic performance of these antennas is often difficult, prototypes are typically built, measured and redesigned in an iterative process. We demonstrate the fabrication of a GPS conformal antenna under ambient-temperature conditions using a combination of laser micromachining and/or laser direct-write processes. The electromagnetic behavior of the antennas is then characterized and the design of the antenna structures is further optimized. Pattern simulations and input impedance measurements of the antenna are presented that demonstrate the usefulness and success of the iterative process made possible with this fabrication technique. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Auyeung, RCY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5247-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5339 BP 292 EP 297 DI 10.1117/12.532005 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BAR96 UT WOS:000223331300032 ER PT S AU Kim, H Pique, A Kushto, GP Auyeung, RCY Lee, SH Arnold, CB Kafafi, ZH AF Kim, H Pique, A Kushto, GP Auyeung, RCY Lee, SH Arnold, CB Kafafi, ZH BE Herman, PR Fieret, J Pique, A Okada, T Bachmann, FG Hoving, W Washio, K Xu, X Dubowski, JJ Geohegan, DB Trager, F TI Dye-sensitized solar cells using laser processing techniques SO PHOTON PROCESSING IN MICROELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photon Processing in Microelectronics and Photonics III CY JAN 26-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE laser direct-write; laser forward transfer; laser annealing; dye-sensitized solar cells; nanocrystalline TiO2 ID PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS; TIO2; FILMS; DEPOSITION; CONVERSION; EFFICIENCY; ELECTRODES AB Laser processing techniques, such as laser direct-write (LDW) and laser sintering, have been used to deposit mesoporous nanocrystalline TiO2, (nc-TiO2) films for use in dye-sensitized solar cells. LDW enables the fabrication of conformal structures containing metals, ceramics, polymers and composites on rigid and flexible substrates without the use of masks or additional patterning techniques. The transferred material maintains a porous, high surface area structure that is ideally suited for dye-sensitized solar cells. In this experiment, a pulsed UV laser (355nm) is used to forward transfer a paste of commercial TiO2 nanopowder (P25) onto transparent conducting electrodes on flexible polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) and rigid glass substrates. For the cells based on flexible PET substrates, the transferred TiO2 layers were sintered using an in-situ laser to improve electron paths without damaging PET substrates. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of laser processing techniques to produce nc-TiO2 films (similar to10 mum thickness) on glass for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (V-oc = 690 mV, J(sc) = 8.7 mA/cm(2),ff= 0.67, eta = 4.0 % at 100 mW/cm(2)). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5247-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5339 BP 348 EP 356 DI 10.1117/12.537903 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BAR96 UT WOS:000223331300038 ER PT S AU Friebele, EJ Askins, CG Miller, GA Peele, JR Wasserman, LR AF Friebele, EJ Askins, CG Miller, GA Peele, JR Wasserman, LR BE Taylor, EW TI Optical fiber sensors for spacecraft: Applications and challenges SO PHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonics for Space Environments IX CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE Fiber optic sensors; interferometric fiber optic gyroscope; space radiation; fiber Bragg gratings; strain sensing AB Optical fiber sensors offer a number of advantages for spacecraft applications, including freedom from electromagnetic interference, light weight, and low power consumption. One application is strain sensing, where high sensitivity and bandwidth and the ability to individually interrogate tens of multiplexed sensors via a single fiber lead has been demonstrated. This paper will describe 2 recent NRL uses of distributed strain sensing using arrays of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) on spacecraft parts, structures, and ground test hardware: distributed dynamic strain monitoring of a lightweight reflector during acoustic qualification tests and high-frequency, high-sensitivity strain measurements of a latch fixture. A second fiber sensor being seriously considered for spacecraft is the interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (IFOG). Although its performance in a benign environment is quite attractive, deployment of this and other optical fiber sensors requires addressing issues such as the deleterious effects of the space radiation environment. These challenges, unique to this application, will be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Friebele, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5492-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5554 BP 120 EP 131 DI 10.1117/12.562393 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBI18 UT WOS:000225599700013 ER PT J AU Schneider, CS AF Schneider, CS TI Anisotropic cooperative theory of coaxial ferromagnetoelasticity SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Hysteresis and Micromagnetic Modeling (HMM 2003) CY MAY 28-30, 2003 CL SALAMANCA, SPAIN DE ferromagnetic; hysteresis; stress; anisotropic ID FERROMAGNETIC HYSTERESIS; COMPRESSIVE STRESS; MODEL; TENSILE; MAGNETOSTRICTION; FIELD; STEEL AB The recently published anisotropic cooperative domain field model of ferromagnetic hysteresis has been extended first to a differential form valid for the virgin curve and all reversals, and second to a reversible and irreversible theory of coaxial stress on ferromagnets, called ferromagnetoelasticity. Using directional magnetization and field and stress, magneto stricti on and susceptibility, physical and scaled equations are derived from magnetoelastic thermodynamics for Brown's and Bozorth's stress fields on 90degrees walls between [100] domains, causing a stress bifurcation and the Villari reversal. Single valued equations for magnetization changes in Hsigma and Hsigmasimilar to processes and susceptibility changes in sigmaH and sigmasigmaH processes are derived in quantitative agreement with experimental data including nonlinear stress loops up to residual stress and saturate magnetization. The primarily linear magnetization dependence of cooperation and magnetostriction derivative cause magnetization changes with stress to be self-proportionate with an asymmetry between tension and compression and coherence between Brown and Bozorth fields. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schneider, CS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, 566 Brownson Rd,Ricketts 367, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM schneide@usna.edu NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 343 IS 1-4 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2003.08.040 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 767RE UT WOS:000188465800014 ER PT J AU Wojtowicz, T Lim, WL Liu, X Cywinski, G Kutrowski, M Titova, LV Yee, K Dobrowolska, M Furdyna, JK Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Kim, GB Cheon, M Chen, X Wang, SM Luo, H Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Wojtowicz, T Lim, WL Liu, X Cywinski, G Kutrowski, M Titova, LV Yee, K Dobrowolska, M Furdyna, JK Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Kim, GB Cheon, M Chen, X Wang, SM Luo, H Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Growth and properties of ferromagnetic In1-xMnxSb alloys SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Narrow Gap Semiconductors CY JUN 16-20, 2003 CL UNIV BUFFALO, BUFFALO, NY HO UNIV BUFFALO DE InMnSb; ferromagnetic semiconductors; magnetization; anomalous Hall effect; magnetic circular dichroism; magneto-optical Kerr effect; RBS; PIXE ID SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES; TEMPERATURE AB We discuss a new narrow-gap ferromagnetic (FM) semiconductor alloy, In1-xMnxSb, and its growth by low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy. The magnetic properties were investigated by direct magnetization measurements, electrical transport, magnetic circular dichroism, and the magneto-optical Kerr effect. These data clearly indicate that In1-xMnxSb possesses all the attributes of a system with carrier-mediated FM interactions, including well-defined hysteresis loops, a cusp in the temperature dependence of the resistivity, strong negative magnetoresistance, and a large anomalous Hall effect. The Curie temperatures in samples investigated thus far range up to 8.5 K, which are consistent with a mean-field-theory simulation of the carrier-induced ferromagnetism based on the 8-band effective band-orbital method. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Elect Mat Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RP Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM wojto@ifpan.edu.pl RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Wang, Shumin/O-5364-2014; Titova, Lyubov/B-6172-2015; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Wang, Shumin/0000-0002-4993-9460; Titova, Lyubov/0000-0002-2146-9102; NR 25 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 EI 1873-1759 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 325 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2003.08.028 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 768VF UT WOS:000188555200029 ER PT J AU Luo, H Kim, GB Cheon, M Chen, X Na, M Wang, S McCombe, BD Liu, X Sasaki, Y Wojtowicz, T Furdyna, JK Boishin, G Whitman, LJ AF Luo, H Kim, GB Cheon, M Chen, X Na, M Wang, S McCombe, BD Liu, X Sasaki, Y Wojtowicz, T Furdyna, JK Boishin, G Whitman, LJ TI Ferromagnetic GaSb/Mn digital alloys SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Narrow Gap Semiconductors CY JUN 16-20, 2003 CL UNIV BUFFALO, BUFFALO, NEW YORK HO UNIV BUFFALO DE GaSb/Mn digital alloys; above room temperature; gated ferromagnetism ID MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR; TRANSPORT AB In order to realize spintronic devices in narrow-gap semiconductors, we have carried out studies on the well-known InAs/GaSb-based materials and structures. As a key component to such devices, GaSb/Mn digital alloys were successfully grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Good crystal quality was observed with transmission electron microscopy showing well-resolved Mn-containing layers and no evidence of 3D MnSb precipitates in as-grown samples. Ferromagnetism was observed in GaSb/Mn digital alloys with temperature-dependent hysteresis loops in magnetization up to 400 K (limited by the experimental setup). Magnetotransport studies were also carried out, both in the conventional Hall-bar configuration, and on gated Hall-bar structures. Both anomalous Hall effect and tunable ferromagnetism with applied gate bias were investigated. Annealing studies of the digital alloys reveal evidence of migration of Mn atoms at elevated temperatures. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Ctr Adv Photon & Elect Mat, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Polish Acad Sci, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Luo, H (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Ctr Adv Photon & Elect Mat, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM luo@buffalo.edu RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011; Wang, Shumin/O-5364-2014; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174; Wang, Shumin/0000-0002-4993-9460; NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 338 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2003.08.030 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 768VF UT WOS:000188555200031 ER PT J AU Liu, X Lim, WL Titova, LV Wojtowicz, T Kutrowski, M Yee, KJ Dobrowolska, M Furdyna, JK Potashnik, SJ Stone, MB Schiffer, P Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Liu, X Lim, WL Titova, LV Wojtowicz, T Kutrowski, M Yee, KJ Dobrowolska, M Furdyna, JK Potashnik, SJ Stone, MB Schiffer, P Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI External control of the direction of magnetization in ferromagnetic InMnAs/GaSb heterostructures SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Narrow Gap Semiconductors CY JUN 16-20, 2003 CL UNIV BUFFALO, BUFFALO, NY HO UNIV BUFFALO DE ferromagnetic semiconductor; InMnAs; magnetic anisotropy ID SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES; (IN,MN)AS/(GA,AL)SB AB In this paper, we demonstrate external control over the magnetization direction in ferromagnetic (FM) In1-xMnxAs/GaSb heterostructures. FM ordering with T-C as high as 50 K is confirmed by superconducting quantum interference device magnetization, anomalous Hall effect (AHE), and magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements. Even though tensile strain is known to favor an easy axis normal to the layer plane, at low temperatures we observe that the magnetization direction in several samples is intermediate between the normal and in-plane axes. As the temperature increases, however, the easy axis rotates in the direction normal to the plane. We further demonstrate that the easy magnetization axis can be controlled by incident light through a bolometric effect, which induces a pronounced increase in the amplitude of the AHE. A mean-field-theory model for the carrier-mediated ferromagnetism reproduces the tendency for dramatic reorientations of the magnetization axis, but not the specific sensitivity to small temperature variations. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM xliu2@nd.edu RI Schiffer, Peter/F-3227-2011; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Titova, Lyubov/B-6172-2015; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017; OI Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Titova, Lyubov/0000-0002-2146-9102; Schiffer, Peter/0000-0002-6430-6549 NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 EI 1873-1759 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 370 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2003.08.036 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 768VF UT WOS:000188555200036 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Kim, M Meyer, JR AF Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Kim, M Meyer, JR TI Antimonide type-II "W" lasers: growth studies and guided-mode leakage into substrate SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Narrow Gap Semiconductors CY JUN 16-20, 2003 CL UNIV BUFFALO, BUFFALO, NEW YORK HO UNIV BUFFALO DE antimonide laser; quantum well ID MU-M; SUPERLATTICES AB The lasing characteristics of mid-IR type-II "W" [InAs/GaInSb/InAs/AlAsSb] structures are found to correlate strongly with the growth conditions and low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) properties. The highest PL intensities and narrowest PL lines are obtained when the wafers are grown at approximate to 480-510degreesC with mixed interface bonds. A number of structures grown at a non-optimal lower temperature ( approximate to 425degreesC) nonetheless yielded lower lasing thresholds, lower internal losses, and longer Shockley-Read lifetimes than any grown previously on the present Riber 32P NME system. All of the laser spectra display regularly-spaced multiple peaks that are consistent with periodic modulation of the cavity loss due to mode-leakage into the GaSb substrate. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 466 EP 470 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2003.08.060 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 768VF UT WOS:000188555200056 ER PT J AU Lindle, JR Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Johnson, JL Thomas, ML Tennant, WE AF Lindle, JR Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Johnson, JL Thomas, ML Tennant, WE TI Negative luminescence from mid-wave infrared HgCdTe diode arrays SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Narrow Gap Semiconductors CY JUN 16-20, 2003 CL UNIV BUFFALO, BUFFALO, NEW YORK HO UNIV BUFFALO DE negative luminescence; IR photodiodes; HgCdTe; cold shielding ID PHOTODIODES; DEVICES AB A self-referencing, optical modulation technique was used to measure the negative luminescence efficiencies of an array of mid-wave infrared HgCdTe photodiodes with cutoff wavelength 4.6 mum as a function of sample temperature. The internal efficiency at a wavelength of 4 mum was 93% at 295 K, and nearly independent of temperature in the 240-300 K range. This corresponds to an apparent temperature reduction > 50 K at room temperature and > 30 K at 240 K. Moreover, the reverse-bias saturation current density was only 0.13 A/cm(2). The measured transmission and emission spectra were simulated using empirical HgCdTe absorption formulas from the literature. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rockwell Int Sci Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Lindle, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lindle@nrl.navy.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 558 EP 562 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2003.09.009 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 768VF UT WOS:000188555200075 ER PT J AU Huba, JD Rudakov, LI AF Huba, J. D. Rudakov, L. I. TI Hall magnetohydrodynamics of reversed field current layers SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB The dynamics of inhomogeneous, reversed field current layers in the Hall limit (i.e., characteristic length scales less than or similar to the ion inertial length) are briefly reviewed. We demonstate that a density inhomogeneity along the current direction can dramatically redistribute the magnetic field and plasma via magnetic shock-like or rarefaction waves. The relative direction between the density gradient and current flow plays a critical role in the evolution of the current sheet. Specifically a current sheet can become very thin rapidly when the density gradient is directed opposite to the current. We also show that magnetic reconnection proceeds asymmetrically in a three dimensional system. A localized magnetic field perturbation induces a wave structure that propagates in the direction of the electron drift (i.e., opposite to the current). The propagating wave structure is a Hall phenomenon associated with magnetic field curvature. The interaction between the propagating wave structure and an evolving current layer can lead to rapid magnetic field line reconnection. We apply our results to laboratory and space plasma processes. C1 [Huba, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rudakov, L. I.] Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA USA. RP Huba, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2004 VL T107 BP 20 EP 26 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.107a00020 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V62QB UT WOS:000204232900004 ER PT J AU Lampe, M Joyce, G Ganguli, G AF Lampe, Martin Joyce, Glenn Ganguli, Gurudas TI Dust molecules and dust strings in dusty plasma SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB We show that, in the presence of ion flow, stable flow-aligned dust "molecules'' comprising up to four grains exist even in the absence of any con. ning force. These molecules propel themselves upstream, in apparent violation of energy and momentum conservation. Longer molecules are unstable. With a vertical con. ning potential, longer molecules are possible, but subject to hose instability at low pressure. With horizontal con. ning forces as well, multiple equilibria and hysteretic processes are possible. We show that the problem of two grains in a harmonic well can be reduced to Hamiltonian "single-particle'' form, permitting solution for ground and excited states. C1 [Lampe, Martin; Joyce, Glenn; Ganguli, Gurudas] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lampe, M (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lampe@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2004 VL T107 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.107a00065 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V62QB UT WOS:000204232900012 ER PT J AU Duan, CG Mei, WN Liu, JJ Yin, WG Hardy, JR Smith, RW Mehl, MJ Boyer, LL AF Duan, CG Mei, WN Liu, JJ Yin, WG Hardy, JR Smith, RW Mehl, MJ Boyer, LL TI Electronic properties of NaCdF3: A first-principles prediction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RBCAF3; FERROELECTRICITY; SCATTERING; HALIDES; CSCAF3; NACAF3; LINBO3; KCAF3 AB Based on first-principles total energy calculations, we predict that NaCdF3 could be formed in a ferroelectric crystal structure. Using a symmetry guided search with structure optimization, we found two ferroelectric structures, nearly degenerate in energy, competing for the ground state: a rhombohedral structure with space group R3c and an orthorhombic structure with space group Pna2(1). The energies of both structures are approximate to60 meV lower than the sum of those of the constituents, NaF and CdF2, implying chemical stability. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Electroopt, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Duan, CG (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. EM dcg@cosmos.unomaha.edu RI Duan, Chun-Gang/D-2755-2013; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016; Yin, Weiguo/A-9671-2014 OI Yin, Weiguo/0000-0002-4965-5329 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 AR 033102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.033102 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 773EB UT WOS:000188883800002 ER PT J AU Halterman, K Valls, OT AF Halterman, K Valls, OT TI Layered ferromagnet-superconductor structures: The pi state and proximity effects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE FIELD; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION; EQUATION; SWITCH AB We investigate clean mutilayered structures of the SFS and SFSFS type (where the S layer is intrinsically superconducting and the F layer is ferromagnetic), at low temperature, through numerical solution of the self-consistent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations for these systems. We obtain results for the pair amplitude, the local density of states, and the local magnetic moment. We find that as a function of the thickness d(F) of the magnetic layers separating adjacent superconductors, the ground state energy varies periodically between two stable states. The first state is an ordinary "0 state," in which the order parameter has a phase difference of zero between consecutive S layers, and the second is a "pi state," where the sign alternates, corresponding to a phase difference of pi between adjacent S layers. This behavior can be understood from simple arguments. The density of states and the local magnetic moment also reflect this periodicity. C1 USN, Sensor & Signal Sci Div, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP USN, Sensor & Signal Sci Div, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM klaus.halterman@navy.mil; otvalls@umn.edu RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 49 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 1 AR 014517 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.014517 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 771KQ UT WOS:000188784800081 ER PT J AU Larson, P Mazin, II AF Larson, P Mazin, II TI Effect of lattice relaxation on magnetic anisotropy: Zr-doped Sm2Co17 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY; METALLURGICAL BEHAVIOR; SMCO5; SUBSTITUTION; ALLOYS; MODEL; YCO5; SM; TI AB The magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) in rare-earth/transition-metal hard magnets originates from the onsite anisotropy of the rare-earth element with additional contribution from the transition-metal sublattice. While SmCo5 can be transformed to Sm2Co17 by partial substitution of Sm by Co-2 dumbbells, the MAE in Sm2Co17 is noticeably smaller compared to that in SmCo5. However, small dopings of nonmagnetic Zr significantly increase the MAE in Sm2Co17. We show that the changes to the MAE in Sm2Co17 can be traced down to the reduction of the crystal field at the Sm site due to the Co sublattice relaxation upon Sm-->Co-2 substitution which is subsequently restored upon substitution of Co-2-->Zr. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Larson, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 1 AR 012404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.012404 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 771KQ UT WOS:000188784800009 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Singh, DJ AF Mazin, II Singh, DJ TI Spin fluctuations and the magnetic phase diagram of ZrZn2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ITINERANT-ELECTRON MAGNETISM; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; FERROMAGNETISM; COEXISTENCE; PRESSURE AB The magnetic properties of the weak itinerant ferromagnet ZrZn2 are analyzed using Landau theory based on a comparison of density-functional calculations and experimental data as a function of field and pressure. We find that the magnetic properties are strongly affected by the nearby quantum critical point, even at zero pressure; local-density approximation LDA calculations neglecting quantum critical spin fluctuations overestimate the magnetization by a factor of approximate to3. Using renormalized Landau theory, we extract pressure dependence of the fluctuation amplitude. It appears that a simple scaling based on the fluctuation-dissipation theorem provides a good description of this pressure dependence. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 020402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.020402 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 773WJ UT WOS:000188947300008 ER PT J AU Park, K Pederson, MR Hellberg, CS AF Park, K Pederson, MR Hellberg, CS TI Properties of low-lying excited manifolds in Mn-12 acetate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; HIGH-SPIN MOLECULES; MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; CLUSTERS; NEUTRON; MN-12-ACETATE; APPROXIMATION; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATIONS; RELAXATION AB Most experimental properties of the single-molecule magnet Mn-12 acetate have been successfully explained by the assumption that Mn-12 acetate has an effective ground-state spin of S = 10. However, the effect of the low-lying excited manifolds caused by interactions between Mn spins has not been well understood. To investigate the features of the low-lying excited manifolds, the intramolecular exchange interactions are calculated using density-functional theory (DFT). With the calculated exchange parameters, the energy gap between the S = 10 ground state and the first-excited-state manifold is calculated by diagonalization of the Heisenberg Hamiltonian. The upper limit on the energy gap is about 40.5 K which is likely to be overestimated due to an incomplete treatment of the Coulomb potential within DFT. It is found that there are several S = 9 low-energy excited-state manifolds above the S = 10 ground-state manifold. The magnetic anisotropy barriers for the low-lying spin excitations are calculated using DFT. Based on the calculations, it is found that the anisotropy barriers for the low-lying excited manifolds are approximately the same as that for the ground-state manifold. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM park@dave.nrl.navy.mil; pederson@dave.nrl.navy.mil; hellberg@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010 NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 1 AR 014416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.014416 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 771KQ UT WOS:000188784800053 ER PT J AU Netoff, TI Pecora, LM Schiff, SJ AF Netoff, TI Pecora, LM Schiff, SJ TI Analytical coupling detection in the presence of noise and nonlinearity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; SYNCHRONIZATION; INTEGRATION AB A rigorous analytical approach is developed to test for the existence of a continuous nonlinear functional relationship between systems. We compare the application of this nonlinear local technique to the existing analytical linear global approach in the setting of increasing additive noise. For natural systems with unknown levels of noise and nonlinearity, we propose a general framework for detecting coupling. Lastly, we demonstrate the applicability of this method to detect coupling between simultaneous, experimentally measured, intracellular voltages between neurons within a mammalian neuronal network. C1 George Mason Univ, Krasnow Inst Adv Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Program Neurosci, Washington, DC 20037 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20376 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Schiff, SJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Krasnow Inst Adv Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM sschiff@gmu.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [7K02MH01493, F31MH12421, 2RO1MH50006] NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 1 AR 017201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.017201 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 773WD UT WOS:000188946700098 PM 14995756 ER PT J AU Manheimer, W Colombant, D AF Manheimer, W Colombant, D TI Beam deposition model for energetic electron transport in inertial fusion: Theory and initial results SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; STEEP TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; HEAT-TRANSPORT; FLOW; DISTRIBUTIONS; HYDRODYNAMICS; CONDUCTION; ABSORPTION; FLUX AB A new model is proposed for calculation of the effect of energetic electron transport in inertial fusion. Regions of large temperature gradient are approximated as sources of monoenergetic electron beams which then scatter and deposit their energy in the plasma. For short mean free path, one recovers the classical theory. In regions of high temperature gradient, the model seems to describe nonlocal heat deposition and flux inhibition in qualitatively the same way as much more cumbersome Fokker-Planck simulations. Furthermore, the model contains virtually no free parameters. Finally the effect of this nonlocal deposition and flux inhibition is calculated for laser pellets imploded with Megajoule class lasers. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Manheimer, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2004 VL 11 IS 1 BP 260 EP 269 DI 10.1063/1.1631420 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 755UP UT WOS:000187430100029 ER PT S AU Dahlburg, RB Einaudi, G AF Dahlburg, RB Einaudi, G BE Bertin, G Farina, D Pozzoli, R TI Competition between coalescence and three-dimensional instabilities SO PLASMAS IN THE LABORATORY AND IN THE UNIVERSE: NEW INSIGHTS AND NEW CHALLENGES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plasmas in the Laboratory and in the Universe CY SEP 16-19, 2003 CL Como, ITALY SP Univ Studi Milano, Dipartimento Fis ID PLANE SHEET PINCH; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; SECONDARY INSTABILITY; ISLANDS; TRANSITION; EVOLUTION; PLASMAS; DRIVEN AB Many different nonlinear processes can occur in current sheets following the development of magnetic islands. Two of the most important are the coalescence instability and the secondary, or three-dimensional, instability. In this paper we describe the results of some numerical expriments in which both instabilities are present, in an effort to determine which instability will be dominant. It is our finding that, for a wide variety of initial conditions and parameters, that the secondary instability grows a a faster rate than the coalescence instability. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dahlburg, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6440, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0176-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 703 BP 54 EP 59 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BY87Q UT WOS:000189484400007 ER PT S AU Crosby, F AF Crosby, F BE Goldstein, DH Chenault, DB TI Stokes vector component versus elementary factor performance in a target detection algorithm SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing VI CY APR 15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID LANDMINES AB Polarization based detection is often accomplished by using two separate components, reflectivity/emissivity and polarization, as detection algorithm inputs. These are Stokes vector components and are derived from elementary factors that represent energy collected with different polarizers. The elementary factors are added to produce the reflectivity/emissivity component and subtracted to produce the polarization component. Using the reflectivity/emissivity and polarization clearly addresses the advantage of using polarization as an added discriminant. However. depending on the detection algorithm, it may be better to use the elementary factors as input into a detection algorithm. A constant false alarm rate detection algorithm derived from a maximum likelihood is used as a foundation for judging target detection with these two different inputs. The results are presented for detecting man-made objects on natural backgrounds. The data cover two incident light sources: natural light, which is unpolarized and a linearly polarized laser. Detection using the elementary factors is shown to be consistent with detection using the Stokes vector components and is shown to decrease the false alarm rate. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgreen Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Crosby, F (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgreen Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5355-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5432 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.537235 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAS62 UT WOS:000223370100001 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Harrell, AF AF Kwon, YW Harrell, AF TI How many monomer repeat units are necessary for reliable molecular dynamics simulation? SO POLYMERS & POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; POLYMERS AB This study was an attempt to answer the question, "How many monomer repeat units are necessary in molecular dynamics simulation in order to obtain reliable (i.e. repeatable) solutions?" A series of numerical tests was conducted to provide an answer. Based on the numerical results, reliable solutions required approximately ten thousand monomer repeat units at minimum, which was the sum of the monomer units in every polymer chain molecule. It did not matter much whether there were longer chain polymer molecules in a small quantity or shorter chain polymer molecules in a large quantity. What was critical was the total number of monomer repeat units. For a particle reinforced composite that consists of metallic atoms embedded in a polymer matrix, the minimum number of total monomer repeat units in the polymer matrix was approximately five thousand for reliable solutions. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Energy Proc, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP So Illinois Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Energy Proc, 1230 Lincoln Dr,Mail Code 6603, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISMITHERS PI SHROPSHIRE PA SHAWBURY, SHREWSBURY, SHROPSHIRE, SY4 4NR, ENGLAND SN 0967-3911 J9 POLYM POLYM COMPOS JI Polym. Polym. Compos. PY 2004 VL 12 IS 6 BP 483 EP 489 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 877NI UT WOS:000225576900003 ER PT S AU Geltmacher, AB Everett, RK Matic, P Dyka, CT AF Geltmacher, AB Everett, RK Matic, P Dyka, CT BE Kirk, MT Natishan, ME TI Computational estimation of multiaxial yield surface using microyield percolation analysis SO PREDICTIVE MATERIAL MODELING: COMBINING FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS UNDERSTANDING, COMPUTATIONAL METHODS AND EMPIRICALLY OBSERVED BEHAVIOR SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Predictive Material Modeling CY NOV 07-08, 2001 CL Dallas, TX SP ASTM Int Comm E8 DE multiaxial yield surfaces; material properties; X-ray computed microtomography; image-based modeling; percolation analysis ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; MICROTOMOGRAPHY; TOMOGRAPHY; DAMAGE; MODEL AB Measurements of multiaxial properties of materials, such as yield surfaces, damage surfaces and fracture limit surfaces, are a time and resource intensive problem. For three-dimensional (3D) multiaxial yield of a complex microstructure, hundreds of points are required at different 3D strain states to define a full yield surface to the resolution required for constitutive model implementation. Experimental determination of the effects generated by a specific microstructure on a multiaxial yield surface is hindered by the inability to produce multiple specimens with the exact same microstructure or the inability to subject the same specimen to multiple stress or strain states without changing its response. Full nonlinear analysis of a specific microstructure for such a large set of points is also prohibitive, due to the time constraints of solving large, 3D nonlinear problems. A technique has been developed that uses high resolution 3D tomographic images and finite element simulations to track the development of microplastic connectivity for actual material microstructures in an 1100 aluminum/TiB2 particle composite. This information is then used to estimate the 3D multiaxial yield surface of the material in strain space for the imaged microstructures. The multiaxial yield surface is estimated using linear superposition and load scaling of three orthogonal displacement basis loads. Macroscopic yielding is defined as the percolation of microplastic elements across the model. Interval halving is used to solve for the scaling parameter, iterating to the value at which plastic flow percolation occurs and defining a point on the yield surface. Percolation can occur across one or more of the three directions defined by the model, but it need not occur simultaneously. A small selected set of nonlinear analyses is used as calibration for the estimated yield surface. The aim of this approach is to accelerate the process of building 3D multiaxial yield surfaces from microstructures and to gain insight into the material microstructure performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Geltmacher, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3472-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2004 VL 1429 BP 135 EP 150 DI 10.1520/STP10665S PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAI32 UT WOS:000222370000008 ER PT B AU Irvine, CE Levin, TE Nguyen, TD Shifflett, D Khosalim, J Clark, PC Wong, A Afinidad, F Bibighaus, D Sears, J AF Irvine, CE Levin, TE Nguyen, TD Shifflett, D Khosalim, J Clark, PC Wong, A Afinidad, F Bibighaus, D Sears, J GP ieee TI Overview of a high assurance architecture for distributed multilevel security SO PROCEEDINGS FROM THE FIFTH IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 10-11, 2004 CL US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY SP Natl Secur Agcy, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc HO US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci AB A high assurance architecture is described for the protection of distributed multilevel secure computing environments from malicious code and other attacks. Component security services and mechanisms extend and interoperate with commodity PCs, commodity client software, applications, trusted components, and legacy single level networks, providing new capabilities for composing secure, distributed multilevel security. This architecture results from the realization that unless a secure system offers users comfortable and familiar interfaces for handling routine information, it will fail due to lack of user acceptability. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8572-1 PY 2004 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1109/IAW.2004.1437795 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBM49 UT WOS:000226197500006 ER PT B AU Irvine, CE Levin, TE Nguyen, TD Dinolt, GW AF Irvine, CE Levin, TE Nguyen, TD Dinolt, GW GP ieee TI The trusted computing exemplar project SO PROCEEDINGS FROM THE FIFTH IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 10-11, 2004 CL US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY SP Natl Secur Agcy, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc HO US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci AB We describe the Trusted Computing Exemplar project, which is producing an openly distributed worked example of how high assurance trusted computing components can be built. The TCX project encompasses four related activities: Creation of a prototype framework for rapid high assurance system development; Development of a reference-implementation trusted computing component; Evaluation of the component for high assurance; and Open dissemination of results related to the first three activities. The project's open development methodology will provide widespread availability of key high assurance enabling technologies and ensure transfer of knowledge and capabilities for trusted computing to the next generation of developers, evaluators and educators. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Irvine, CE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8572-1 PY 2004 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1109/IAW.2004.1437805 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBM49 UT WOS:000226197500016 ER PT B AU DeLooze, LL McKean, P Mostow, JR Graig, C AF DeLooze, LL McKean, P Mostow, JR Graig, C GP ieee TI Simulation for training computer network operations SO PROCEEDINGS FROM THE FIFTH IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 10-11, 2004 CL US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY SP Natl Secur Agcy, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc HO US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci DE informrmation assurance; simulation; computer security; network security AB Attacks on Department of Defense computer systems are a serious and growing threat. The cornerstone to the protection of these highly valuable networks is education and training. The U. S. Strategic Command is examining a new tool to train and exercise computer security to determine if the complex concepts relating to computer security can be more effectively taught by including simulations in the classroom. The simulation environment under investigation consists of both an Internet Attack Simulator and a Network Simulator. The Internet Attack Simulator has a menu of attacks that can be launched against the Network Simulator's virtual network. The system is essentially an interactive virtual cyber world which requires the student defender to implement security measures and respond to attacks. Novice computer science students and information technology professionals benefit from the visualization of cyber behavior afforded in the risk free environment that simulation provides. The simulation reinforces the lecture in both concurrent demonstrations of the principles being taught, and later, in individual practical exercises. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP DeLooze, LL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8572-1 PY 2004 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1109/IAW.2004.1437835 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBM49 UT WOS:000226197500046 ER PT S AU Kang, W Mao, ZQJ AF Kang, W Mao, ZQJ GP acc TI Adaptive Modeling and H-infinity control for photolithography manufacturing process SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB A run-by-run feedback controller is designed for Intel manufacturing fabs to stabilize the critical dimension in the process of photolithography, in the presence of unpredictable process drift and unknown non-Gaussian disturbances. The controller is a combination of an adaptive model with an H-infinity feedback. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Fac Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Fac Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-8335-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2004 BP 1392 EP 1393 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BBC09 UT WOS:000224688300235 ER PT S AU Ross, IM Fahroo, F AF Ross, IM Fahroo, F GP acc TI Discrete verification of necessary conditions for switched nonlinear optimal control systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB We consider a fairly general class of state-constrained nonlinear hybrid optimal control problems that are based on coordinatizing Sussmann's model. An event set generalizes the notion of a guard set, reset map, endpoint set as well as the switching set. We present a pseudospectral (PS) knotting method that discretizes the continuous-time variables of the problem. The discrete event conditions are imposed over the PS knots leading to a large, sparse, mixed-variable programming (MVP) problem. The Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions for the MVP are transformed in a manner that makes them closely resemble the discretized necessary conditions obtained from the Hybrid Minimum Principle. A set of closure conditions are introduced to facilitate commuting the operations of dualization and discretization. An immediate consequence of this is a Hybrid Covector Mapping Theorem that provides an order-preserving transformation of the Lagrange multipliers associated with the discretized problem to the discretized covectors associated with the hybrid optimal control problem. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ross, IM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, MAE-Ro, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-8335-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2004 BP 1610 EP 1615 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BBC09 UT WOS:000224688300273 ER PT S AU Julier, SJ LaViola, JJ AF Julier, SJ LaViola, JJ GP acc TI An empirical study into the robustness of Split Covariance Addition (SCA) for human motion tracking SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB Accurate human body tracking is extremely important for many virtual and augmented reality systems. However, tracking human motion is extremely difficult. Some of the difficulties arise from the fact that accurate process models of human motion are difficult to derive. Approximate models can have substantial time-correlated process noise terms. In this paper we examine the effectiveness of using the Split Covariance Addition (SCA) algorithm as part of a human head orientation estimation system. We perform a series of empirical experiments to compare the performance of several implementations of SCA with an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The results suggest that the benefits of SCA are mixed. It leads to filters which are slightly more robust and have slightly more accurate angular velocity estimates than the EKE However, the absolute orientation estimate is slightly worse than the EKF. C1 USN, Res Lab, ITT AES, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Julier, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ITT AES, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-8335-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2004 BP 2190 EP 2195 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BBC09 UT WOS:000224688300373 ER PT S AU Kiriakidis, K O'Brien, RT AF Kiriakidis, K O'Brien, RT GP acc TI H-infinity parameter estimation for state-space models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control ID SYSTEMS AB This paper investigates the nonlinear problem of parameter identification for systems with time-varying state-space models using the idea of an extended filter. To treat uncertainty in the data or the model, the paper follows the approach of H-infinity filtering. It shows that the parameter estimation error satisfies exactly albeit locally the prescribed gain criterion as long as the extended filter meets a modified-tighter-criterion. In the infinite horizon case, the paper also shows that the modified H-infinity criterion leads to an asymptotically stable state estimation error without assuming zero-state observability of the associated error equation. C1 USN Acad, Fac Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kiriakidis, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Fac Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-8335-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2004 BP 2836 EP 2839 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BBC09 UT WOS:000224688300482 ER PT S AU O'Brien, RT Piepmeier, JA Hoblet, PC Burns, SR George, CE AF O'Brien, RT Piepmeier, JA Hoblet, PC Burns, SR George, CE GP acc TI Scale-model vehicle analysis using an off-the-shelf Scale-Model Testing Apparatus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB A standard exercise treadmill is used to create a scale-model vehicle simulator. The motion of the treadmill beneath the scale-model vehicle simulates the motion of a full-size vehicle on a paved road. The Scale-Model Testing Apparatus incorporates off-the-shelf components and commercially available, scale-model vehicles which facilitates the development of the apparatus in an undergraduate setting. An overhead vision system provides a tether-free assessment of the vehicle's position and orientation. Dynamic similitude between the scale-model vehicle and an "average" full-size vehicle is achieved through a series of straightforward modifications to the scale-model vehicle. Preliminary results of longitudinal and lateral control designs are presented. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM riobrien@usna.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-8335-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2004 BP 3387 EP 3392 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BBC09 UT WOS:000224688300575 ER PT S AU Julier, SJ Uhlmann, JK Nicholson, D AF Julier, SJ Uhlmann, JK Nicholson, D GP acc TI A method for dealing with assignment ambiguity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB Many landmark-based navigation systems suffer from the problem of assignment ambiguity: the navigation system receives a measurement from a landmark, but the identity of the landmark is not uniquely known. This uncertainty is frequently addressed by attempting to identify the landmark which caused the measurements. Two common approaches are the nearest neighbour and multiple hypothesis tracking methods. However, the nearest neighbour method is notoriously unreliable and the multiple hypothesis method can only be implemented in real time for a small number of hypotheses. In this paper we consider an alternative approach for assignment ambiguity which uses the Covariance Union (CU) algorithm. Every potential assignment is used to generate an estimate. CU is applied to the set of estimates. Providing the true assignment is included within the set, the unioned estimate is guaranteed to be consistent. We provide a theoretical development of CU, describe a method for computing its value, and illustrate its performance in a nonlinear navigation example. C1 USN, Res Lab, ITT, AES, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, ITT, AES, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM julier@ait.nrl.navy.mil; uhlmann@cecs.missouri.edu; david.nicholson2@baesystems.com NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-8335-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2004 BP 4102 EP 4107 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BBC09 UT WOS:000224688300695 ER PT S AU O'Brien, RT Kiriakidis, K AF O'Brien, RT Kiriakidis, K GP acc TI Reduced-order H infinity filtering for discrete-time, linear, time-varying systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB The reduced-order, H-infinity filtering problem for discrete-time, linear, time-varying systems is considered. A solution is obtained by converting the reduced-order, filtering problem into a full-order, filtering problem with the same dimension as the reduced-order filter. The resulting filter is unbiased and has a unique realization for each set of design parameters. Furthermore, it is shown that the previously proposed solution is independent of the H-infinity design parameters and, therefore, does not represent a solution to the problem. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM riobrien@usna.edu; kiriakid@usna.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-8335-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2004 BP 4120 EP 4125 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BBC09 UT WOS:000224688300698 ER PT S AU Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B AF Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B GP IEEE Computer Society TI An invariant, closed-form solution for matching sets of 3D lines' SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION, VOL 2 SE IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Comp Soc ID SEGMENTS; REGISTRATION; QUATERNIONS; MOTION AB Existing algorithms for finding the best match between two sets of 3D lines are not completely satisfactory in the sense that they either yield approximate solutions, or are iterative which means they may not converge to the globally optimal solution. An even more serious shortcoming of the existing algorithms is that they are all non-invariant with respect to the translation of the coordinate system. Thus, any best match found becomes rather meaningless. In this paper, we discuss the source of this non-invariance and present a new algorithm that is invariant to coordinate transforms. Moreover, the algorithm is closed-form which implies that it always yields the best global match. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kamgar-Parsi, B (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kamgarb@onr.navy.mil; kamgar@aic.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 0-7695-2158-4 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2004 BP 431 EP 436 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BAU37 UT WOS:000223605500056 ER PT B AU Gough, EC AF Gough, EC GP IEEE TI Technical advances in the naval meteorology and oceanography program SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON UNDERWATER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Underwater Technology CY APR 20-23, 2004 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE OES, Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Ocean Engn, IEEE OES Taipei Chapter, Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Natl Sci Council ROC, Minist Educ ROC, Off Naval Res Int Field Off DE geospacial information; military survey; naval oceanography; ocean technology AB The challenge of the Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command is to assess and predict the world's most diverse operating environment and translate its impact on military defense areas - aviation, maritime operations, expeditionary/special operations and undersea/surface/mine operations. The command seeks continual improvement in its core competencies to provide meteorology and oceanography geospatial information - in order to provide safety of navigation and turn environmental information into combat power. In recent years, the Navy has reinvigorated its METOC program through advanced training programs, numeric modeling, state of the art survey ships, airborne lidar surveys, autonomous underwater vehicles and rapidly deployable fleet survey teams. This presentation describes the role of new technologies in Navy Oceanography. C1 USN, Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Gough, EC (reprint author), USN, Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8541-1 PY 2004 BP 433 EP 438 DI 10.1109/UT.2004.1405642 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BBR41 UT WOS:000227356400061 ER PT B AU Zyda, M AF Zyda, M BE Ingalls, RG Rossetti, MD Smith, JS Peters, BA TI Does the future of modeling and simulation have a game face? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2004 CY DEC 05-08, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE, Comp soc, IEEE, SMC, IIE, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Zyda, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, 700 Dyer Rd,Bldg 245,Room 271, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8786-4 PY 2004 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BBO57 UT WOS:000226725600001 ER PT B AU Cioppa, TM Lucas, TW Sanchez, SM AF Cioppa, TM Lucas, TW Sanchez, SM BE Ingalls, RG Rossetti, MD Smith, JS Peters, BA TI Military applications of agent-based simulations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2004 CY DEC 05-08, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE, Comp soc, IEEE, SMC, IIE, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB There continues to be increasing interest from a broad range of disciplines in agent-based and artificial life simulations. This includes the Department of Defense-which uses simulations heavily in its decision making process. Indeed, military conflicts can have many attributes that are consistent with complex adaptive systems-such as many entities interacting with some degree of autonomy, each of which is continually making decisions to satisfy a variety of sometimes conflicting objectives. In this paper, we present three applications of agent-based simulations used to analyze military problems. The first uses the MANA model to explore the ability of the U.S. Army's network-based Future Force to perform with degraded communications. The second studies how unmanned surface vehicles can be used in force protection missions with the Pythagoras model. The last example examines the standard Army squad size with an integrated effort using MANA, Pythagoras, and the high-resolution simulation JANUS. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, USA Training & Doctrine Command Anal Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cioppa, TM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, USA Training & Doctrine Command Anal Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8786-4 PY 2004 BP 171 EP 180 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BBO57 UT WOS:000226725600020 ER PT B AU Hiles, JE AF Hiles, JE BE Ingalls, RG Rossetti, MD Smith, JS Peters, BA TI IAGO project and development of compound agents SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2004 CY DEC 05-08, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE, Comp soc, IEEE, SMC, IIE, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB The IAGO Project explores the question of whether a software model, in the form of a computational model of cognitive behavior, can contribute to better anticipation of asymmetrical threats. The computational model used in IAGO is based on Cognitive Blending, a theoretical model proposed in the Cognitive Sciences to explain fundamental or backstage cognitive operations in the brain. This model was implemented with the use of multiagent systems that coordinated their activity with a bio-inspired operator called a Connector. This operator and several others used in the IAGO project have been incorporated into a programming library, called the CMAS Library. CMAS stands for Compound Multiagent System. Compound refers to multiagent systems, in which at least some of the agents contain embedded multiagent systems. In the case of IAGO these embedded systems implement Cognitive Blending. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES INST, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Hiles, JE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES INST, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8786-4 PY 2004 BP 760 EP 765 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BBO57 UT WOS:000226725600093 ER PT B AU Allen, TE Buss, AH Sanchez, SM AF Allen, TE Buss, AH Sanchez, SM BE Ingalls, RG Rossetti, MD Smith, JS Peters, BA TI Assessing obstacle location accuracy in the remus unmanned underwater vehicle SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2004 CY DEC 05-08, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE, Comp soc, IEEE, SMC, IIE, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB Navy personnel use the REMUS unmanned underwater vehicle to search for submerged objects. Navigation inaccuracies lead to errors in predicting the location of objects and thus increase post-mission search times for explosive ordnance disposal teams. This paper explores components of navigation inaccuracy using discrete event simulation to model the vehicle's navigation system and operational performance. The simulation generates data used, in turn, to build statistical models of the probability of detection, the mean location offset given that detection occurs, and the location error distribution. Together, these three models enable operators to explore the impact of various inputs prior to programming the vehicle, thus allowing them to choose combinations of vehicle parameters that reduce the offset error between the reported and actual locations. C1 USN, Submarine Sch, Submarine Off Adv Course, Groton, CT 06349 USA. RP Allen, TE (reprint author), USN, Submarine Sch, Submarine Off Adv Course, Groton, CT 06349 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8786-4 PY 2004 BP 940 EP 948 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BBO57 UT WOS:000226725600118 ER PT B AU Buss, A Ruck, J AF Buss, A Ruck, J BE Ingalls, RG Rossetti, MD Smith, JS Peters, BA TI Joint modeling and analysis using XMSF web services SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2004 CY DEC 05-08, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE, Comp soc, IEEE, SMC, IIE, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB This paper describes the creation of a new analytical modeling capability by bringing together the Naval Simulation System (NSS) for sea strike and COMBAT(XXI) for littoral and land warfare modeling. The models are linked by Web services using principles from the Extensible Modeling and Simulation Framework (XMSF). This implementation is an exemplar for a transformational framework for design, development, and integration of simulation models. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Buss, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8786-4 PY 2004 BP 1032 EP 1038 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BBO57 UT WOS:000226725600130 ER PT B AU Adams, K Gracanin, D Teodorovic, D AF Adams, K Gracanin, D Teodorovic, D BE Ingalls, RG Rossetti, MD Smith, JS Peters, BA TI A near optimal approach to quality of service data replication scheduling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2004 CY DEC 05-08, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE, Comp soc, IEEE, SMC, IIE, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int ID ALGORITHM AB This paper describes an approach to real-time decision-making for quality of service based scheduling of distributed asynchronous data replication. The proposed approach addresses uncertainty and variability in the quantity of data to replicate over low bandwidth fixed communication links. A dynamic stochastic knapsack is used to model the accpetance policy with dynamic programming optimization employed to perform offline optimization. The obtained optimal values of the input variables are used to build and train a multi-layer neural network. The obtained neural network weights and configuration can be used to perform near optimal accept/reject decisions in real-time. Off-line processing is used to establish the initial acceptance policy and to verify that the system continues to perform near-optimally. The proposed approach is implemented via simulation enabling the evaluation of a variety of scenarios and refinement of the scheduling portion of the model. The preliminary results are very promising. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Adams, K (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8786-4 PY 2004 BP 1847 EP 1855 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BBO57 UT WOS:000226725600243 ER PT B AU Peterkin, FE Anderson, IS McQuage, MM Pasour, JA AF Peterkin, FE Anderson, IS McQuage, MM Pasour, JA GP IEEE TI Versatile test environment for compact pulsed power system evaluation SO Proceedings of the 26th International Power Modulator Symposium and 2004 High Voltage Workshop, Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Power Modulator Symposium/High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 23-26, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB This paper describes our efforts to develop a test environment that accurately approximates elements of several battery-driven Compact Marx Generator (CMG) systems currently in use, but which avoids the high-voltage and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) issues of operating the actual CMG's. A triggering circuit, lumped capacitance, and load resistor housed in a cart filled with SF6 provide the necessary elements to represent the CMG. Two 20 kW AC-DC supplies were used to substitute for battery packs and furnished the medium voltage (hundreds of volts) required to drive the high voltage (HV) capacitor charging power supplies (CCPS). The prime motivation of this work is to explore rep-rate operation at tens of Hz and provide guidance for optimizing HV power supply settings and battery design. The test stand provides a unique testing environment for several applications. We report verification of the test bed operation using a well understood configuration of power supplies with well documented control and trigger systems. The performance of a series/parallel combination of multiple HV power supplies for rep. rate operation is also examined. Battery pack voltage droop effects on ITV power supply calibration are described. We then discuss use of the test bed to explore the operating characteristics of a novel 100 kV (+/- 50 kV) capacitor charging power supply recently developed by North Star Research, Corp. (NSRC). C1 USN, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP McQuage, MM (reprint author), USN, Dahlgren Div, Code B20, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8586-1 PY 2004 BP 94 EP 97 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBZ41 UT WOS:000228358100026 ER PT B AU Anderson, IS Peterkin, FE Duncan, MR AF Anderson, IS Peterkin, FE Duncan, MR GP IEEE TI Advanced fiber-optically coupled ultrawideband emhardened instrumentation SO Proceedings of the 26th International Power Modulator Symposium and 2004 High Voltage Workshop, Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Power Modulator Symposium/High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 23-26, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Recent advances in the fields of analog fiber optic telemetry and high sample rate/wide bandwidth analog to digital conversion have enabled the development of state-of-the art instrumentation for pulsed power applications. The Electromagnetic and Solid State Technologies Division (Code 1320) at the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) has developed analog fiber-optic telemetry systems capable of operating from DC to 1 kHz and 50 kHz to 6 GHz. Additionally, with the support of the Test and Evaluation/Science and Technology Program, Code B20 is currently developing a 4 GS/s, 1.5 GHz analog bandwidth compact remote digitizer. All systems are heavily shielded to allow measurements to be made in regions of extremely high field strengths up to 200 kV/m. Connection with external instrumentation and control systems is by fiber-optic cabling, providing completely isolated measurements. Detailed descriptions of each system are included and performance data are provided. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Anderson, IS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code B20,17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8586-1 PY 2004 BP 344 EP 347 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBZ41 UT WOS:000228358100093 ER PT S AU McMorrow, D Knudson, AR Boos, JB Park, D Melinger, JS AF McMorrow, D Knudson, AR Boos, JB Park, D Melinger, JS BE Sharp, R Fletcher, K TI Ionization-induced carrier transport in InAlAs/InGaAs high electron mobility transistors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 15-19, 2003 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP European Space Agcy ID HEMTS; MECHANISMS; SIMULATION; CIRCUITS AB Time resolved charge-collection measurements and two-dimensional device simulations performed on InAlAs/InGaAs high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) for pulsed laser excitation address the mechanisms of charge collection and enhancement in these heterostructure devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-846-8 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2004 VL 536 BP 385 EP 392 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBQ26 UT WOS:000227039100061 ER PT S AU Warner, JH Walters, RJ Messenger, SR Summers, GP Khanna, SM Estan, D Erhardt, LS Houdayer, A AF Warner, JH Walters, RJ Messenger, SR Summers, GP Khanna, SM Estan, D Erhardt, LS Houdayer, A BE Sharp, R Fletcher, K TI High energy proton irradiation effects in GaAs devices SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 15-19, 2003 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP European Space Agcy ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; DEPENDENCE; LIFETIME AB In this paper we compare the energy dependences (53&115 MeV) of proton displacement damage coefficients for p(+)n GaAs solar cells with previously reported calculations of nonionizing energy loss (NIEL). Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy was used to generate damage coefficients from the introduction rates of defects. New damage coefficients generated from GaAs bulk LEDs light output (1-530 MeV) are also reported. The damage coefficients from these devices for proton energies E>10 MeV vary but are bounded by the total and Coulombic NIEL. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Warner, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-846-8 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2004 VL 536 BP 525 EP 531 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBQ26 UT WOS:000227039100083 ER PT J AU Flores-Mendoza, C Peyton, EL Wilkerson, RC de Oliveira, RL AF Flores-Mendoza, C Peyton, EL Wilkerson, RC de Oliveira, RL TI Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) konderi Galvao and Damasceno: Neotype designation and resurrection from synonymy with Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi (Peryassu) (Diptera : Culicidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Anopheles konderi; Anopheles; Culicidae; taxonomy; redescription; malaria ID MOSQUITOS AB Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) konderi Galv (a) over tildeo and Damasceno 1942 is redescribed with illustrations of the male and female genitalia and the larval and pupal stages. A neotype for An. konderi is designated, and it is resurrected from synonymy with An. (Nys.) oswaldoi (Peryassu 1922). C1 USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, APO, AA 34031 USA. Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Lab Transmissores Hematozoarios, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM wilkerson.richard@msc.si.edu NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 106 IS 1 BP 118 EP 132 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 761WG UT WOS:000187938000012 ER PT S AU Lee, KH AF Lee, KH BE Matsui, T Chung, JS Michel, JL Allersma, H TI Optimal control for multiple unmanned underwater crawling vehicles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH (2004) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 2 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2004) CY MAY 23-28, 2004 CL Toulon, FRANCE SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers DE group behavior; optimal control; intelligent agent AB This paper presents the development of an autonomous group behavior using Unmanned Underwater Crawling Vehicles (UUCV) to perform a mission of searching for targets in an unstructured underwater mission field. The mission is completed through the task of detection and gathering information of target-like objects, and the task of target identification. The behavior-based control in which a behavior is characterized by a sensor), information is adapted for the creation of the formation of UUCVs to maximize the efficiency of the detection task of target like objects in the mission field. This group behavior is highly group leader-centered formation control.. but this does not imply a centralized formation control in which the commands of all the followers are generated by the designated group leader. There are three different repertoire of behaviors used in the behavior based control of multiple UUCVs. One behavior is the selection mechanism of a group leader. The others are the Leader-follower formation using an intelligent fuzz-y logic agent to determine the command of a follower and group leader under the given formation constraints in a decentralized manner, and an obstacle avoidance algorithm with the sonar and contact sensors built in a bumper system. The Optimal Multiple Paths Generation Algorithm (OMPGA) is applied to perform the process of task allocation in heterogeneous unmanned group behavior as well as to generate multiple paths used in the task of target identification in the optimal process. OMPGA which is conducted by a leader vehicle in the group, is a kind of constraint multi-objective optimal algorithm using a NeuralNetwork that embeds the evolutionary algorithm. The group behavior of UUCVs to perform the target search mission is demonstrated in a simulation environment. The simulation environment is modeled by using the is designed as well as the contact dynamics between UUCV and surface of mission. C1 USN, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Panama City, FL USA. RP Lee, KH (reprint author), USN, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Panama City, FL USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-62-1 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2004 BP 310 EP 317 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Geological; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BAV48 UT WOS:000223782200048 ER PT S AU Fonda, RW Pao, PS Jones, HN Connolly, BJ Davenport, AJ AF Fonda, RW Pao, PS Jones, HN Connolly, BJ Davenport, AJ BE Ayer, R Chung, JS Knapp, RH TI Mechanical property and microstructural mapping of friction stir welded Al 5456 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH (2004) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2004) CY MAY 23-28, 2004 CL Toulon, FRANCE SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers DE Friction Stir Welding; microstructure; aluminum; fatigue; tension; corrosion ID CRACK-GROWTH; CORROSION; ALUMINUM; ALLOY; FATIGUE AB The mechanical properties, corrosion behavior and microstructure of friction stir welds in Al 5456 were determined as a function of position. Both microhardness and longitudinal tensile properties were measured as a function of position within the weld, and transverse tensile properties were measured along the length of the weld. Fatigue crack growth rates were determined for the base plate, heat affected zone and weld nugget. Corrosion behavior of both the whole weld and specific locations across the weld was determined. These results were compared to the observed microstructure of various regions of the weld. C1 USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-62-1 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2004 BP 28 EP 33 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAV50 UT WOS:000223784300005 ER PT S AU Mouring, SE Louca, L Boh, J Choo, Y AF Mouring, SE Louca, L Boh, J Choo, Y BE Ayer, R Chung, JS Knapp, RH TI Prediction of progressive damage in composite laminates SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH (2004) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2004) CY MAY 23-28, 2004 CL Toulon, FRANCE SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers DE composites; non-destructive evaluation; finite element analysis; damage modeling AB This paper presents a study on the progressive damage prediction of a woven roving E-glass/vinyl ester laminated beam subjected to transverse shear. The laminated beam has been manufactured using the Seeman Composite Resin Infusion Molding Process (SCRIMP). The damage modeling has been performed using a finite element model capable of predicting the progression of damage and the residual capacity. A user subroutine has been written for this purpose and has been incorporated into an existing finite element package. Various failure criteria and modeling techniques. using layerwise shell elements have been investigated. Experimental results are used for the validation of the proposed model. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mouring, SE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-62-1 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2004 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAV50 UT WOS:000223784300035 ER PT S AU Garala, HJ AF Garala, HJ BE Ayer, R Chung, JS Knapp, RH TI Development of a composite prototype module for the Improved Navy Lighterage System (INLS) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH (2004) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2004) CY MAY 23-28, 2004 CL Toulon, FRANCE SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers DE causeway system; composite materials; fiber glass reinforcements; mechanical prototype; structural analysis; vacuum assisted resin transfer AB The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD), in support of the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), has successfully fabricated a composite prototype module and developed a performance specification for future procurement of the Improved Navy Lighterage System (INLS). The INLS is comprised of powered and non-powered interchangeable modular components, which are assembled as floating platforms. The INLS supports the Navy's Logistics Over-the-Shore (LOTS) operations. All platform assemblies of the INLS must be fully operational in Sea State 3 (SS3), sustain no more than minimal damage in Sea State 4 (SS4) and structurally survive in Sea State 5 (SS5). This means they must be repairable and have no catastrophic damage. The current Navy lighterage (NL) is a steel modular system with a 40-year service history. It does not meet current performance requirements, such as free board, carrying capacity, throughput and safety. The use of composite materials for the system would fulfill operational and performance requirements, minimize corrosion and maintenance costs, reduce weight, and increase payload. The overall total ownership cost (TOC) associated with acquisition, life cycle logistics and maintenance would be lowered as compared to the current system. A single full-scale prototype module 12.192-m (40.0-ft) long x 7.315-m (24.0-ft) wide x 2.438-m (8.0-ft) high was designed for new platform configurations and improved performance requirements. The hull structure and internal members of the barge module were constructed from composite materials, a combination of Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) and pultruded glass-vinylester system. The module was fabricated to demonstrate the viability of composite material and fabrication process selected for manufacturing the INLS modules. Operational tests on the composite prototype module were successfully conducted to assure that the module met all performance requirements. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Garala, HJ (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-62-1 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2004 BP 235 EP 243 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAV50 UT WOS:000223784300037 ER PT B AU Yakimenko, OA Statnikov, RB AF Yakimenko, OA Statnikov, RB BE Hamza, MH TI Modeling and multicriteria parametrical identification of the parafoil-load delivery system SO Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Applied Simulation and Modelling LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IASTED International Conference on Applied Simulation and Modelling CY JUN 28-30, 2004 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev DE modeling; identification, and aerospace systems AB This paper addresses the problem of multicriteria parametrical identification of the autonomously controlled cargo parafoil. Based on the structural identification as an initial step toward creation of an adequate model of the parafoil, a six-degree-of-freedom model including several dozens of optimization parameters has been developed. The present paper proposes the correct statement of the multicriteria parametrical identification problem including the necessity to investigate the feasible set of variable parameters. The paper advocates the use of the Parameter Space Investigation (PSI) method and Multicriteria Optimization / Vector Identification (MOVI) software package to solve the problem. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yakimenko, OA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, 699 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PRESS PI CALGARY PA B6, STE 101, 2509 DIEPPE AVE SW, CALGARY, ALBERTA T3E 7J9, CANADA BN 0-88986-397-0 PY 2004 BP 207 EP 213 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Energy & Fuels SC Computer Science; Energy & Fuels GA BCB55 UT WOS:000228521700036 ER PT S AU Alter, JJ White, RM Kretschmer, FF Olin, ID Temes, CL AF Alter, JJ White, RM Kretschmer, FF Olin, ID Temes, CL GP IEEE TI Ubiquitous radar: An implementation concept SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2004 RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2004 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 26-29, 2004 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE Philadelphia Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Alter, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2004 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316397 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAE91 UT WOS:000221923200013 ER PT S AU Scholnik, DP Coleman, JO Bowling, D Neel, M AF Scholnik, DP Coleman, JO Bowling, D Neel, M GP IEEE TI Spatio-temporal delta-sigma modulation for shared wideband transmit arrays SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2004 RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2004 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 26-29, 2004 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE Philadelphia Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc AB Future array-based RF transmit systems will require linear amplification to preserve the spectral integrity of simultaneously transmitted signals. Classical delta-sigma modulation, paired with an emerging class of high-power switches, can provide this linearity by using a high-speed, low-resolution quantizer and shaping the resulting quantization errors out of the signal band. The drawback is that high clock rates are required to achieve high SNR. Recently we have proposed jointly shaping quantization errors in temporal and spatial frequency, pushing quantization errors both out of band and to nonpropagating spatial frequencies. This provides greater SNR for a given clock rate or the same SNR at a reduced clock rate relative to conventional delta-sigma modulation, while retaining its characteristic high linearity. In this paper we present an overview of the spatio-temporal delta-sigma array architecture and present the results of some preliminary hardware experiments with a small linear array. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scholnik, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2004 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316400 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAE91 UT WOS:000221923200016 ER PT S AU Lipps, R Chen, V Bottoms, M AF Lipps, R Chen, V Bottoms, M GP IEEE TI Advanced SAR GMTI techniques SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2004 RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2004 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 26-29, 2004 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE Philadelphia Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc ID RANGE-DOPPLER AB Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems are designed to produce high quality imagery of stationary target on the ground. These systems are not designed to handle moving targets and perform poorly in the areas of detecting and imaging moving targets. This paper will present advanced techniques developed to handle the detection and refocusing of moving targets for SAR systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lipps, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2004 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316404 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAE91 UT WOS:000221923200020 ER PT S AU Faust, HH Connolly, B Firestone, TM Chen, RC Cantrell, BH Mokole, EL AF Faust, HH Connolly, B Firestone, TM Chen, RC Cantrell, BH Mokole, EL GP IEEE TI A spectrally clean transmitting system for solid-state phased-array radars SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2004 RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2004 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 26-29, 2004 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE Philadelphia Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc AB Navy Radar operations are being curtailed in a littoral environment. This is due to two factors: The encroachment of the cell phone systems into the Navy radar bands and in-band interference from other radars. The Spectral width of most pulsed radars is significantly wider than necessary with the present modulation schemes. Most radars utilize some form of constant envelope pulse with phase or frequency modulation. This causes the spectrum to broaden several times the information bandwidth. If both the amplitude and phase of the transmitted signal are allowed to change a significantly narrower bandwidth can be achieved. In this paper a method to create waveforms with instantaneous bandwidths of 20 MHz confined within -100 dB are presented. The theoretical spectral results of three popular phase modulation schemes (phase shift keying, minimum phase shift keying, and derivative phase shift keying) are compared with the spectrally clean results. In addition the Chireix out-phasing method is presented as an alternative to generating amplitude and phase modulated waveforms. The Chireix method provides a way of improving the efficiency compared to the conventional class A power amplifier. Preliminary results are shown for a spectrally clean waveform. C1 Care of Faust Hugh, USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Faust, HH (reprint author), Care of Faust Hugh, USN, Res Lab, Code 5344,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2004 BP 140 EP 144 DI 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316410 PG 5 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAE91 UT WOS:000221923200026 ER PT S AU Cantrell, B AF Cantrell, B GP IEEE TI ADC spurious signal mitigation in radar by modifying the LO SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2004 RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2004 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 26-29, 2004 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE Philadelphia Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc AB Analog-to-Digital Converters ADCs used in MTI or Pulse Doppler Radars generate spurious signals from large clutter echoes because of the non-linear ADCs. These spurious signals can appear as real moving targets in the Doppler passband of a radar. This paper mathematically shows how these spurious signals are mitigated and a means of implementing the process is provided. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cantrell, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2004 BP 151 EP 153 DI 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316412 PG 3 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAE91 UT WOS:000221923200028 ER PT S AU Blunt, SD Gerlach, K AF Blunt, SD Gerlach, K GP IEEE TI Adaptive pulse compression SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2004 RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2004 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 26-29, 2004 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE Philadelphia Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc ID CODES AB Pulse compression is essentially an estimation procedure in which the complex amplitude for a given range cell is to be estimated while mitigating the interference from neighboring range cells that results from the convolution of the transmitted waveform with the range swath of interest. Traditionally, matched filtering is employed to estimate the range returns whereby the neighboring range cells are suppressed by a fixed amount that is dictated by the range sidelobes of the matched filter. However, matched filtering is a misnomer in that the receive filter is matched only to the transmitted waveform and not to the actual received signal. This paper extends the previously proposed Reiterative Minimum Mean-Square Error (RMMSE) algorithm for adaptive pulse compression whereby the true matched filter for each individual range cell is estimated based upon the actual received signal resulting in range sidelobes that are adaptively suppressed to the level of the noise floor. The convergence of the RMMSE algorithm is addressed along with the doppler tolerance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2004 BP 271 EP 276 DI 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316434 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAE91 UT WOS:000221923200049 ER PT S AU Blunt, SD Gerlach, K Heyer, J AF Blunt, SD Gerlach, K Heyer, J GP IEEE TI Non-coherent detection of slow-moving targets in high-resolution sea clutter SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2004 RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2004 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 26-29, 2004 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE Philadelphia Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc ID HOUGH TRANSFORM; RADAR DETECTION; TRACK AB The radar detection of targets in the presence of sea clutter has historically relied heavily upon the radial velocity of targets with the respect to the radar platform either by estimating the relative target dopplers (such as for STAP processing) or by examining the path targets traverse from scan to scan. However, for targets with little to no radial velocity component, it can become quite difficult to differentiate targets from the surrounding sea clutter. This paper addresses the detection of slow-moving targets in sea clutter and develops an approach for the non-coherent detection of such targets when high range resolution is available. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2004 BP 345 EP 348 DI 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316447 PG 4 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAE91 UT WOS:000221923200062 ER PT S AU Blunt, SD Gerlach, K AF Blunt, SD Gerlach, K GP IEEE TI Efficient robust AMF using the enhanced FRACTA algorithm: Results from KASSPER I & II SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2004 RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2004 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 26-29, 2004 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE Philadelphia Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc AB This paper presents further developments and results of the FRACTA algorithm which has been shown to be robust to nonhomogeneous environments containing outliers. The main focus here is upon the detection of targets in the KASSPER I challenge data cube which possesses dense clusters of targets and the highly nonhomogeneous KASSPER H data in which severe clutter is present over all ranges and dopplers thereby hindering the identification of a dominant clutter ridge. The KASSPER H dataset is further exacerbated by dense clusters of targets as well as the presence of several deep shadow regions that not only prevent target detection but may also skew covariance matrix estimation. A doppler-dependent thresholding technique is developed which is then incorporated into the FRACTA.E framework and then applied to the KASSPER 11 dataset. Simulation results are compared with the standard sliding window scheme as well as when clairvoyant knowledge of the covariance matrices is employed. For the KASSPER I data set the standard approach detects only 11 of the 268 total targets while the FRACTA.E algorithm detects 192 which is the same amount achieved when clairvoyant clutter covariance knowledge is used. For a selected CPI of the KASSPER H dataset the standard approach is found to perform poorly with only 14 targets detected out of 127 while the FRACTA.E algorithm with the proposed modification detects 51 targets; 73 targets are found when clairvoyant clutter covariance knowledge is employed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2004 BP 372 EP 377 DI 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316452 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAE91 UT WOS:000221923200067 ER PT S AU Cahill, PE Gerlach, K Lin, FLC AF Cahill, PE Gerlach, K Lin, FLC GP IEEE TI A method of sidelobe cancellation using wavelet packets SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2004 RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2004 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 26-29, 2004 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE Philadelphia Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc AB Classical methods of performing sidelobe cancellation include an approach whereby the main and auxiliary channels are divided into a prescribed number of contiguous subbands. This is known as a band-partitioned (BP) sidelobe canceler (SLC). A method of BP sidelobe cancellation using wavelet packets (WP) has been developed. The use of a wavelet packet decomposition is a simple, well-defined way to implement a paraunitary tree-structured filter bank. The performance of this method is compared to the method used in [1], which is a special case of a uniform DFT filter bank. It will be shown that the WP analysis filters provide better separation between adjacent narrowband channels, leading to an increase in performance of the BP SLC algorithm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cahill, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2004 BP 426 EP 430 DI 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316462 PG 5 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAE91 UT WOS:000221923200077 ER PT B AU Gong, Q Ross, IM Kang, W Fahroo, F AF Gong, Q Ross, IM Kang, W Fahroo, F BE Hamza, MH TI Convergence of pseudospectral methods for constrained nonlinear optimal control problems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH IASTED INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IASTED International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control CY AUG 23-25, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev, Tech Comm Control, Tech Comm Intelligent Syst & Control DE constrained nonlinear optimal control; pseudospectral methods; convergence AB In recent years. a large number of practical, nonlinear optimal control problems have been solved by pseudospectral methods. In an effort to better understand this new approach to solving control problems, we present convergence, results for the discrete pseudospectral approximations of optimal control problems with mixed state and control constraints. A set of sufficient conditions are identified under which the solution of the discretized optimal control problem converges to the continuous solution at a spectral rate. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gong, Q (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM qgong@nps.navy.mil; imross@nps.navy.mil; wkang@nps.navy.mil; ffahroo@nps.navy.mil NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PRESS PI CALGARY PA B6, STE 101, 2509 DIEPPE AVE SW, CALGARY, ALBERTA T3E 7J9, CANADA BN 0-88986-436-5 PY 2004 BP 209 EP 214 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BCC26 UT WOS:000228556100037 ER PT S AU O'Brien, RT AF O'Brien, Richard T., Jr. GP IEEE TI Bang-bang control for type-2 systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-EIGHTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (SSST06) CY MAR 05-07, 2006 CL Cooksville, TN SP Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Mfg Res, Ctr Energy Syst Res, IEEE Cent Tennessee Sect, IEEE Control Syst Soc AB A sampled-data, bang-bang control algorithm developed for a double integrator plant is extended to higher-order plants with two integrators. In the case where non-integrator dynamics are considered unmodeled, the robustness of the control algorithm is analyzed. In the case where non-integrator dynamics are modeled, the control algorithm design procedure is generalized to incorporate the additional dynamics. Both approaches are examined through the design and simulation of a steering controller for an autonomous ground vehicle. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, RT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM riobrien@usna.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-9457-7 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2004 BP 163 EP 166 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BEE20 UT WOS:000236910200034 ER PT S AU Reed, CM Bishop, BE Waters, JK AF Reed, Caleb M. Bishop, Bradley E. Waters, Jennifer K. GP IEEE TI Hardware selection and modeling for a small autonomous surface vessel SO Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (SSST06) CY MAR 05-07, 2006 CL Cooksville, TN SP Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Mfg Res, Ctr Energy Syst Res, IEEE Cent Tennessee Sect, IEEE Control Syst Soc AB This paper focuses on the process of selecting hardware for use in the design of a small autonomous surface vessel design. Hull form, powering and instrumentation are discussed, with hardware specifications and performance data. Existing mathematical models appropriate for the vessel are outlined and a discussion of model identification using traditional and in situ methods is presented. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Reed, CM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-9457-7 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 196 EP 200 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BEE20 UT WOS:000236910200041 ER PT S AU Feemster, M Esposito, J Nicholson, J AF Feemster, M. Esposito, J. Nicholson, J. GP IEEE TI Manipulation of large objects by swarms of autonomous marine vehicles: Part I - Rotation SO Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (SSST06) CY MAR 05-07, 2006 CL Cooksville, TN SP Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Mfg Res, Ctr Energy Syst Res, IEEE Cent Tennessee Sect, IEEE Control Syst Soc AB In this paper, the control problem of utilizing a team of autonomous marine vehicles (i.e., tug boats) cooperating to manipulate a larger floating object (i.e., disabled ship) while operating in a decentralized architecture is considered. After decomposing the problem into several phases, a control design targeting the issue of inducing controlled rotations for the manipulated object is presented. C1 USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Feemster, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-9457-7 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 255 EP 259 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BEE20 UT WOS:000236910200053 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Addison, SR AF Gray, John E. Addison, Stephen R. GP IEEE TI Computing the characteristic function for sums of sinusoidal random variables SO Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (SSST06) CY MAR 05-07, 2006 CL Cooksville, TN SP Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Mfg Res, Ctr Energy Syst Res, IEEE Cent Tennessee Sect, IEEE Control Syst Soc AB In this note we develop the methodology for computing the moments of the characteristic function for the superposition of sinusoidal transformed random variables. Thus we solve an important case of the Rayleigh problem, and point how to use this technique to completely solve it. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Code B-23, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RI Addison, Stephen/C-6068-2013 OI Addison, Stephen/0000-0003-1196-6030 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-9457-7 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 338 EP 343 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BEE20 UT WOS:000236910200070 ER PT S AU Salem, TE Tipton, CW Porschet, D AF Salem, Thomas E. Tipton, C. Wesley Porschet, Donald GP IEEE TI Fabrication and practical considerations of a flyback transformer for use in high pulsed-power applications SO Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (SSST06) CY MAR 05-07, 2006 CL Cooksville, TN SP Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Mfg Res, Ctr Energy Syst Res, IEEE Cent Tennessee Sect, IEEE Control Syst Soc AB The design and use of the flyback converter topology in high voltage applications is common. Most often these systems are low power units such as that found in a television electron beam circuit. However, little is recorded in the literature on the design and use of this topology for high, pulsed-power applications. These pulsed circuits have a variety of end uses, including anti-terrorism. For example, work has recently been reported on the use of high-energy, pulsed power to destroy anthrax bacteria [1-2]. This paper presents details on the design and fabrication of a high voltage flyback transformer for use in high, pulsed-power circuits. Experimental data from a 4.8 kW pulsed-power flyback converter is presented which documents the efficacy of the transformer construction. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Salem, TE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-9457-7 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 397 EP 400 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BEE20 UT WOS:000236910200082 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Addison, SR AF Gray, John E. Addison, Stephen R. GP IEEE TI Symbolic noise, signal processing, and signal enhancement by the use of chaos SO Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (SSST06) CY MAR 05-07, 2006 CL Cooksville, TN SP Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Mfg Res, Ctr Energy Syst Res, IEEE Cent Tennessee Sect, IEEE Control Syst Soc AB In this paper, we discuss the symbolic and visual approach to combinations of noise plus noise. Just as in other application chaos is used to disguise noise, we suggest that their is a dual process where chaos may be used to amplify signals in noise. An example of this is presented and some of the implications are discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Adv Sci & Tech Div, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Adv Sci & Tech Div, Dahlgren Div, Code B-23, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-9457-7 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 417 EP 421 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BEE20 UT WOS:000236910200086 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Smith-Carroll, AS Jordan, LA AF Gray, JE Smith-Carroll, AS Jordan, LA GP IEEE TI The solution to the Lyapunov equation in constant gain filtering and some of its applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, AESS Atlanta Sect DE track filtering; Lyapunov Equation; alpha - beta filter; alpha - beta - gamma filter; noise reduction ratio AB Presented in this paper is a solution to the Lyapunov Equation in Constant Gain Filtering. A specific method for deriving the noise reduction ratios for the alpha-beta and alpha-beta-gamma filters are explored using the Lyapunov Equation. This enables us to simplify the computation drastically. For a 2 x 2 matrix, one has to solve for one unknown instead of two. For a 3 x 3 matrix, one has to solve for three unknowns instead of six and so on. Thus reduction in the number of variables has considerable advantage for higher dimensional filters such as the alpha-beta-gamma filter. 1. Introduction 2. Solutions to Generalized Filter Equations 3. Solution to the Lyapunov equation 4. Conclusion References. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Code B32, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8281-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96M UT WOS:000189506100005 ER PT S AU Bizup, DF AF Bizup, DF GP IEEE TI A generalized acceleration model for Kalman filter trackers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, AESS Atlanta Sect DE radar tracking; target tracking; Kalman filter AB Kalman filter trackers used for radar tracking typically model target accelerations as plant noises that are assumed to last for the entire sample interval. That assumption is so ubiquitous that it is rarely stated explicitly. In this paper we present a generalized model in which accelerations endure less than the sample interval, and derive a new formula for plant noise covariance that is a function of the interval length and the acceleration's endurance and start time. We explore the limiting behavior of this formula as acceleration endurance vanishes, and also show that position and velocity gains can be traded off by simply moving the acceleration earlier or later in the sample interval. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Bizup, DF (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, PMA-231,47123 Buse Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8281-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96M UT WOS:000189506100007 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Smith-Carroll, AS Murray, WJ AF Gray, JE Smith-Carroll, AS Murray, WJ GP IEEE TI What do filter coefficient relationships mean? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16-16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, AESS Atlanta Sect DE filter coefficient relationship; alpha-beta filter; cost function AB There are three commonly used relationships between alpha and beta that are reported in the literature: Kalata, Benedict-Bordner, and Continuous White Noise. The Kalata relation is obtained from steady state Kalman filter theory assuming zero mean white noise in the position and velocity state equations. The Benedict-Bordner relation is derived based on good noise reduction and good tracking through maneuvers. Both the Kalata and Benedict-Bordner relationships can be derived without any reference to a Kalman filter. The question, given the variety of filter coefficient relationships, is which relationship should be chosen as part of a filter design and why? What does it mean to choose a particular filter coefficient relationship? What is the difference between filter coefficient relationship and a criteria to maximize performance? 1. Introduction 2. Cost Functions 3. Cost Function Models 4. Which Filter Relationship Should One Choose? 5. Conclusions 6. References. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Code B32, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8281-1 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2004 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1145/976270.976277 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96M UT WOS:000189506100008 ER PT S AU O'Brien, RT AF O'Brien, RT GP IEEE TI A bang-bang, disturbance rejection algorithm for double integrator systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16-16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, AESS Atlanta Sect ID STABILIZATION AB An existing sampled-data control algorithm for double integrator systems with pre-determined inter-sample behavior is generalized to incorporate disturbance rejection in addition to command tracking. The proposed control system comprises an inner velocity control loop and an outer position control loop. A discrete-time compensator is used to regulate velocity and reject step disturbance in acceleration due to forces or moments on the system. The outer loop produces a pre-determined, piecewise constant (bang-bang) signal proportional to the position tracking error that defines the desired inter-sample position and velocity behavior. Simulation results of the disturbance rejection performance are presented. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, RT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM riobrien@usna.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8281-1 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2004 BP 84 EP 87 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96M UT WOS:000189506100018 ER PT S AU Parks, AD Gray, JE AF Parks, AD Gray, JE GP IEEE TI Analyzing the quality of a system's perception of its information environment with special application to distributed military systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, AESS Atlanta Sect AB To take advantage of recent and future advances in communications and information processing technology, military systems of the 21st century will. create systems that enable the elements to operate as nodes in a geographically distributed information collection and processing network. Each network node is immersed in its local information environment. If a node is isolated from the rest of the system, then its perception of - as well as its response to the system's information environment is strictly local and based only upon data provided by its local sensor observations. However, completely autonomous responses to such locally determined perceptions can be undesirable from certain global network level perspectives. Fratricide, multiple engagements by weapons platforms and saturation of sensor resources by soft-kill weapons usage are all examples of unintended consequences of ignoring the global picture. In those cases where the exercise of some degree of coordination between individual platform elements is required for global coordination, it is necessary to have available for use by the system's decision functions sufficiently representative perceptions of pertinent aspects of the system's universal information environment. Such a network of perceptions must necessarily be synthesized using the mixture of measurements gathered from the local information environments of individual platform sensors. A method for quantifying the quality of perceptions has been developed. This method enables one to study several important system level problems from a perception quality perspective. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Parks, AD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Code B10, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8281-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 154 EP 159 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96M UT WOS:000189506100033 ER PT S AU Esposito, JM AF Esposito, JM GP IEEE TI Randomized test case generation for hybrid systems: metric selection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, AESS Atlanta Sect ID COMPUTATION AB We are developing a randomized approach to test generation for hybrid systems, and control systems in general, using techniques from robotic path planning which have proved successful in solving high dimensional nonlinear problems. A critical component of the proposed algorithm is the choice of "metric" - how one decides the closeness of two states - which is nontrivial in the hybrid state space. In this paper we introduce four metrics for hybrid systems; and benchmark the algorithm using each of these metrics on a popular example problem from the literature and compare the impact of metric choice on computational efficiency. C1 USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Esposito, JM (reprint author), USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8281-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 236 EP 240 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96M UT WOS:000189506100049 ER PT S AU Van Reet, MA Feemster, MG AF Van Reet, MA Feemster, MG GP IEEE TI Development of an electrically actuated exercise system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, AESS Atlanta Sect DE smart exercise machine; biomechanics AB In order to evaluate control strategies for smart exercise systems, an electrically actuated exercise environment is developed. Specifically, a bicep/tricep exercise machine is augmented with a high torque/low speed DC motor for active resistance generation. A QNX based PC platform running the QMotor software serves as the control implementation environment. Details of the various sensors and power electronics are included. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Van Reet, MA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8281-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 246 EP 250 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96M UT WOS:000189506100051 ER PT S AU Woelfel, GA Ehrhardt, BJ Bishop, BE AF Woelfel, GA Ehrhardt, BJ Bishop, BE GP IEEE TI Development of an autonomous planing watercraft test bed SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, AESS Atlanta Sect DE unmanned surface vessel; autonomous surface vessel; control AB In this paper, we discuss the development of an autonomous planning craft test platform. The motivation for the development of this test bed is discussed, along with technical details regarding the initial implementation. Particular emphasis will be placed upon the integration of motors, actuators, and sensors for position, motion, and collision avoidance with a central microcontroller. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Woelfel, GA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, 105 Maryland Ave Stop 14A, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8281-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 285 EP 289 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96M UT WOS:000189506100059 ER PT S AU Grob, J Waters, J Piepmeier, JA AF Grob, J Waters, J Piepmeier, JA GP IEEE TI Vision-based wave sensing for high speed vessels SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, AESS Atlanta Sect DE wave sensing; vision systems; ship control AB Vision-based water wave sensing is a technique that can be used to create a pro-active ride control system for high-speed marine vessels. This project researches creating a vision-based wave sensing approach that will be able to determine pertinent wave characteristics, such as slope, height, and frequency. The main initial goal of this project is to develop a system that can acquire an image of it wave surface and accurately measure its characteristics. System equipment includes a stereo vision system from Pt. Grey Research. The stereo vision system is capable of producing point cloud images. MATLAB will be used to analyze the recorded data and compute critical information, such as local maximums and minimums, for examining wave characteristics. The goal of this project is to eventually study and characterize regular and irregular waves with the vision-based system. The tests of regular and irregular waves will determine the ultimate precision and accuracy of the camera, which will allow and further the goal of a vision-based proactive system for a high-speed vessel. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Grob, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8281-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 290 EP 293 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96M UT WOS:000189506100060 ER PT S AU Tan, YC AF Tan, YC GP IEEE TI Evaluation of robot swarm control methods for underwater mine countermeasures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, AESS Atlanta Sect DE swarming robots; mine hunting robots AB This paper involves the synthesis of a swarm controller that will be suitable for coordinating movements of a group of autonomous robotic vehicles performing underwater mine countermeasures (UMCM). The main objective of this research is to combine behavior-based robot control methods with systems-theoretic swarm control techniques to achieve a hybrid that has the best characteristics of both. Behavior-based robotic theories are combined with statistical methods to give rise to a robust form of control for robots performing UMCM. This highly reactive and responsive system demonstrates an elegant solution for UMCM through simulation and experiments. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Tan, YC (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8281-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 294 EP 298 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96M UT WOS:000189506100061 ER PT S AU George, CE O'Brien, RT AF George, CE O'Brien, RT GP IEEE TI Vehicle lateral control using a double integrator control strategy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16-16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, AESS Atlanta Sect AB In this paper, a bang-bang control algorithm developed for double integrator systems is applied to the problem of automated vehicle steering control. This research is part of an on-going project on vehicle control using scale-model vehicle simulator. The controller uses pre-determined, piecewise constant control signals to shape the lateral position and yaw angle responses. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control algorithm maintains acceptable performance despite the unmodeled dynamics. C1 USN Acad, Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP George, CE (reprint author), USN Acad, Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM riobrien@usna.edu NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8281-1 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2004 BP 398 EP 400 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96M UT WOS:000189506100081 ER PT S AU Shirey, TA Roberts, RG AF Shirey, TA Roberts, RG GP IEEE TI Hybrid active/passive interaction control for robot manipulators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16-16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, AESS Atlanta Sect DE spatial stiffness matrix; compliance mechanism; active force control ID REALIZATION; PARALLEL AB Motion control of robot manipulators is typically accomplished by sensing and regulating the positions of the joint actuators to cause the end-effector to follow a programmed trajectory. Unfortunately, position control schemes usually fail for tasks that require significant physical interaction between the robot and a workpiece. This restriction severely limits the scope of work that robots are able to do. A solution to this problem is to incorporate some form of compliance into the manipulator to compensate for positioning errors. Researchers have been focused on two principal methods of achieving manipulator compliance-passive mechanism synthesis and active force control-both of which have advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, the authors present recent advances in passive mechanism synthesis algorithms, and investigate the utility of combining a simple, passive mechanism with an active force control scheme to obtain a compliant manipulator with desirable characteristics for interaction control. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Syst Dev & Integrat Branch, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Syst Dev & Integrat Branch, Code R12,110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM theresa.shirey@navy.mil NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8281-1 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2004 BP 441 EP 445 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96M UT WOS:000189506100090 ER PT S AU Hudock, BM AF Hudock, BM GP IEEE TI On the development of a novel urban search and rescue robot SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, AESS Atlanta Sect DE Urban Search and Rescue; robotics AB This paper concerns the development of a novel robotic platform for Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) efforts. The main facets of this work involve the design and construction of a new robot morphology and a physical simulation to be used for developing controllers for semi-autonomous (supervisory) operation. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hudock, BM (reprint author), USN Acad, 105 Maryland Ave Stop 14a, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8281-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 451 EP 455 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96M UT WOS:000189506100092 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Addison, SR AF Gray, JE Addison, SR GP IEEE TI General solution to dispersive wave equation and its application to propagation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, AESS Atlanta Sect DE dispersive wave equation; parabolic equation; attenuation model AB medium is a problem that is outlined in many electromagnetic texts which consider the continuous time case. These texts don't deal with initial value problems, but instead refer to Stratton for a complete treatment of the problem. Stratton uses both the Fourier transform and the Laplace transform to solve the initial value problems. The usage of both methods can cause problems both mathematical and conceptual. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Div, Code B32, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RI Addison, Stephen/C-6068-2013 OI Addison, Stephen/0000-0003-1196-6030 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8281-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 497 EP 501 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96M UT WOS:000189506100101 ER PT J AU Cassimatis, NL AF Cassimatis, Nicholas L. BE Forbus, K Gentner, D Regier, T TI Grammatical Processing Using the Mechanisms of Physical Inference SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-SIXTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE COGNITIVE SCIENCE SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Conference of the Cognitive-Science-Society CY AUG 04-07, 2004 CL Chicago, IL SP Cognit Sci Soc ID PERCEPTION; LANGUAGE; INFANTS AB Although there is considerable evidence that humans use the same mechanisms for linguistic and nonlinguistic cognition, the thesis of linguistic modularity will remain plausible so long as well-established formal properties of syntax remain unexplained in terms of domain-general cognitive mechanisms. This paper presents several dualities between the formal structure of syntax and cognitive structures used to represent the physical world. These dualities are used to construct a cognitive model of syntactic parsing that uses only the mechanisms required for infant physical reasoning. The model demonstrates how a formal syntactic constraint, the c-command condition on binding, can be explained by a cognitive process used in physical reasoning. Several consequences for language development and the doctrine of linguistic modularity are considered. C1 [Cassimatis, Nicholas L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cassimatis@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 978-0-8058-5464-0 PY 2004 BP 192 EP 197 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Language & Linguistics; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Linguistics; Psychology GA BSN97 UT WOS:000285044800050 ER PT S AU Ware, ME Bracker, A Gammon, D Gershoni, D AF Ware, ME Bracker, A Gammon, D Gershoni, D BE Friedman, DJ Manasreh, O Buyanova, IA Munkholm, A Auret, FD TI Polarization Spectroscopy of charged single self-assembled quantum dots SO PROGRESS IN COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS III - ELECTRONIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Progress in Compound Semiconductor Materials III held at MRS Fall Meeting CY FEB 17, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AF Res Lab ID ELECTRON AB We have demonstrated single dot spectroscopy of InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots embedded in a bias controlled Schottky diode. The photoluminescence spectra exhibit discrete lines depending on bias, which we attribute to the recombination of positively charged, neutral, and negatively charged confined excitons. With excitation directly into the dot, large circular polarization memory is exhibited by the two charged exciton (trion) lines. This indicates long spin lifetimes for both the electron and the heavy hole in the quantum dots. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ware, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Ware, Morgan/I-8233-2012 OI Ware, Morgan/0000-0002-9998-4139 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-737-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 799 BP 319 EP 324 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAD63 UT WOS:000221673900047 ER PT J AU Roy, GD Frolov, SM Borisov, AA Netzer, DW AF Roy, GD Frolov, SM Borisov, AA Netzer, DW TI Pulse detonation propulsion: challenges, current status, and future perspective SO PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE gaseous and heterogeneous detonation; pulse detonation engine; design concepts; propulsion; thrust performance ID GAS-MIXTURES; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; GASEOUS DETONATIONS; TRANSVERSE-WAVES; SPIN DETONATION; INITIATION; TRANSITION; IGNITION; SYSTEMS; AIR AB The paper is focused on recent accomplishments in basic and applied research on pulse detonation engines (PDE) and various PDE design concepts. Current understanding of gas and sprary detonations, thermodynamic grounds for detonation-based propulsion, principles of practical implementation of the detonation-based thermodynamic cycle, and various operational constraints of PDEs are discussed. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Off Naval Res, Ballston Ctr, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NN Semenov Chem Phys Inst, Moscow 117977, Russia. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Roy, GD (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Ballston Ctr, Tower 1, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RI Frolov, Sergey/A-8281-2014 NR 320 TC 271 Z9 324 U1 13 U2 62 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1285 J9 PROG ENERG COMBUST JI Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. PY 2004 VL 30 IS 6 BP 545 EP 672 DI 10.1016/j.pecs.2004.05.001 PG 128 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 868OD UT WOS:000224922000001 ER PT J AU Chang, KI Teague, WJ Lyu, SJ Perkins, HT Lee, DK Watts, DR Kim, YB Mitchell, DA Lee, CM Kim, K AF Chang, KI Teague, WJ Lyu, SJ Perkins, HT Lee, DK Watts, DR Kim, YB Mitchell, DA Lee, CM Kim, K TI Circulation and currents in the southwestern East/Japan Sea: Overview and review SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Recent Progress in Studies of Physical Process and their Impact to the Japan/East Sea Ecosystem CY 2002 CL Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP PICES HO Seoul Natl Univ DE circulation; currents; Korea/Tsushima Strait; Ulleung Basin; East/Japan Sea ID TSUSHIMA WARM CURRENT; BOTTOM COLD-WATER; DEPTH-INTEGRATED FLOW; EAST-CHINA-SEA; KOREA STRAIT; JAPAN SEA; VOLUME TRANSPORT; WIND-DRIVEN; INTRATHERMOCLINE EDDIES; SEASONAL VARIABILITY AB A review is made of circulation and currents in the southwestern East/Japan Sea (the Ulleung Basin), and the Korea/Tsushima Strait which is a unique conduit for surface inflow into the Ulleung Basin. The review particularly concentrates on describing some preliminary results from recent extensive measurements made after 1996. Mean flow patterns are different in the upstream and downstream regions of the Korea/Tsushima Strait. A high velocity core occurs in the mid-section in the upstream region, and splits into two cores hugging the coasts of Korea and Japan, the downstream region, after passing around Tsushima Island located in the middle of the strait. Four-year mean transport into the East/Japan Sea through the Korea/Tsushima Strait based on submarine cable data calibrated by direct observations is 2.4 Sv (1 Sv = 10(6) m(3) s(-1)). A wide range of variability occurs for the subtidal transport variation from subinertial (2-10 days) to interannual scales. While the subinertial variability is shown to arise from the atmospheric pressure disturbances, the longer period variation has been poorly understood. Mean upper circulation of the Ulleung Basin is characterized by the northward flowing East Korean Warm Current along the east coast of Korea and its meander eastward after the separation from the coast, the Offshore Branch along the coast of Japan, and the anticyclonic Ulleung Warm Eddy that forms from a meander of the East Korean Warm Current. Continuous acoustic travel-time measurements between June 1999 and June 2001 suggest five quasi-stable upper circulation patterns that persist for about 3-5 months with transitions between successive patterns occurring in a few months or days. Disappearance of the East Korean Warm Current is triggered by merging the Dok Cold Eddy, originating from the pinching-off of the meander trough, with the coastal cold water carried Southward by the North Korean Cold Current. The Ulleung Warm Eddy persisted for about 20 months in the middle of the Ulleung Basin with changes in its position and spatial scale associated with strengthening and weakening of the transport through the Korea/Tsushima Strait. The variability of upper circulation is partly related to the transport variation through the Korea/Tsushima Strait. Movements of the coastal cold water and the instability of the polar front also appear to be important factors affecting the variability. Deep circulation in the Ulleung Basin is primarily cyclonic and commonly consists of one or more cyclonic cells, and an anticyclonic cell centered near Ulleung Island. The cyclonic circulation is conjectured to be driven by a net inflow through the Ulleung Interplain Gap, which serves as a conduit for the exchange of deep waters between the Japan Basin in the northern East Sea and the Ulleung Basin. Deep currents are characterized by a short correlation scale and the predominance of mesoscale variability with periods of 20-40 days. Seasonality of deep currents is indistinct, and the coupling of upper and deep circulation has not been clarified yet. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Ocean Climate & Environm Res Div, Seoul 425600, South Korea. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Pusan Natl Univ, Inst Marine Res, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Chang, KI (reprint author), Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Ocean Climate & Environm Res Div, Ansan POB 29, Seoul 425600, South Korea. EM kichang@kordi.re.kr NR 169 TC 67 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 61 IS 2-4 BP 105 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2004.06.005 PG 52 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 857ZO UT WOS:000224159900002 ER PT J AU Fiorito, R Titarchuk, L AF Fiorito, R Titarchuk, L TI Correlations of power-law spectral and QPO features in black hole candidate sources SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Stellar-Mass, International-Mass, and Supermassive Black Holes CY OCT 28-31, 2003 CL Kyoto Int Commun House, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Int Commun House ID FREQUENCY AB Recent studies have shown that strong correlations are observed between low frequency QPO's and the spectral power law index for a number of black hole candidate sources (BHC's), when these sources exhibit quasi-steady hard X-ray emission states. The dominant long standing interpretation of QPO's is that they are produced in and are the signature of the thermal accretion disk. Paradoxically, strong QPO's are present even in the cases where the thermal component is negligible. We present a model which identifies the origin of the QPO's and relates them directly to the properties of a compact coronal region which is bounded by the adjustment from Keplerian to sub-Keplerian inflow into the BH and which is primarily responsible for the observed power law spectrum. The model also predicts the relationship between high and low frequency QPO's and shows how BH's can be unique identified from observations of the soft states of NS's and BHC's. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. George Mason Univ, USN, Res Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Fiorito, R (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2004 IS 155 BP 325 EP 326 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 874LB UT WOS:000225350800052 ER PT S AU Medintz, IL Sapsford, KE Golden, JP Clapp, AR Goldman, ER Mattoussi, H AF Medintz, IL Sapsford, KE Golden, JP Clapp, AR Goldman, ER Mattoussi, H BE GuyotSionnest, P Mattoussi, H Wang, ZL TI Towards the design and implementation of surface tethered quantum dot-based nanosensors SO QUANTUM DOTS, NANOPARTICLES AND NANOWIRES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Quantum Dots, Nanoparticles and Nanowires held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Evident Technol, USN, Off Naval Res ID ARRAY BIOSENSOR; NANOCRYSTALS; PROTEIN; DONORS AB Considerable progress has been made towards creating quantum dot (QD) based nanosensors. The most promising developments have utilized QDs as energy donor in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) processes. Hybrid QD-protein-dye complexes have been assembled to study FRET, to prototype analyte sensing and even to control or modulate QD photoluminescence. In order to transition the benefits of this technology into the field, QD-based nanosensors will have to be integrated into microtiter wells, flow cells, portable arrays and other portable devices. This proceeding describes two examples of QD-protein-dye assemblies. The first investigates the concepts of FRET applied to QD energy donors and the second describes a prototype biosensor employing QDs. We also introduce the first steps towards implementing surface-tethered QD-bioconjugates, which could potentially serve in the design of solid-state QD-based sensing assemblies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-727-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 789 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BAH07 UT WOS:000222179300017 ER PT S AU Uyeda, HT Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H AF Uyeda, HT Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H BE GuyotSionnest, P Mattoussi, H Wang, ZL TI Design of water-soluble quantum dots with novel surface ligands for biological applications SO QUANTUM DOTS, NANOPARTICLES AND NANOWIRES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Quantum Dots, Nanoparticles and Nanowires held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Evident Technol, USN, Off Naval Res ID IN-VIVO; NANOCRYSTALS; PROTEIN; COLOR AB We have designed a series of organic oligo- and polyethylene glycol (PEG) based surface capping ligands that allow for QD manipulation in aqueous media. We utilized readily available thioctic acid and various oligo- and polyethylene glycols in simple esterification schemes, followed by reduction of the dithiolane to produce multi-gram quantities of capping substrates. Cap exchange of the native trioctyl-phosphine and -phosphine oxide based ligands with the PEG-terminated dithiol-alkyl cap readily resulted in aqueous dispersions of QDs that were homogeneous and stable in various pH ranges over an extended period of time. Mixed surface capping strategies utilizing ratios of dihydrolipoic acid to the pegylated dihydrolipoic acid were also prepared. We anticipate that such systems should allow one to covalently attach amine containing biomolecules to nanoparticle systems bearing carboxylates, employing known coupling agents, such as (dimethylamino) propyl-3-ethyl-carbodiimide (EDC). This design and conjugation strategy may facilitate the development of a new generation of QD-bioconjugates, which can be directly utilized in bio-related applications such as sensing and cellular imaging. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Uyeda, HT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-727-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 789 BP 111 EP 116 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BAH07 UT WOS:000222179300018 ER PT S AU Ware, ME Bracker, A Gammon, D Gershoni, D AF Ware, ME Bracker, A Gammon, D Gershoni, D BE GuyotSionnest, P Mattoussi, H Wang, ZL TI Polarization spectroscopy of charged single self-assembled quantum dots SO QUANTUM DOTS, NANOPARTICLES AND NANOWIRES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Quantum Dots, Nanoparticles and Nanowires held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Evident Technol, USN, Off Naval Res ID ELECTRON AB We have demonstrated single dot spectroscopy of InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots embedded in a bias controlled Schottky diode. The photoluminescence spectra exhibit discrete lines depending on bias, which we attribute to the recombination of positively charged, neutral, and negatively charged confined excitons. With excitation directly into the dot, large circular polarization memory is exhibited by the two charged exciton (trion) lines. This indicates long spin lifetimes for both the electron and the heavy hole in the quantum dots. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ware, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Ware, Morgan/I-8233-2012 OI Ware, Morgan/0000-0002-9998-4139 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-727-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 789 BP 137 EP 142 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BAH07 UT WOS:000222179300022 ER PT S AU Steiner, M AF Steiner, M BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Weak measurement with a single qubit SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation II CY APR 12-14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE quantum information; weak measurement; qubit ID COUNTERFACTUAL STATEMENTS; ENTANGLEMENT AB Weak measurement is a technique whereby the coupling between the measuring device and the observable is sufficiently weak that the uncertainty in a single measurement is large compared with the separation between the eigenvalues of the observable. It is found here that weak measurement can be achieved with a single qubit. An additional feature of using single qubits as weak measurement devices is that the entanglement that results between the measured and measuring qubits can be easily quantified. An analysis is provided of the effect of entanglement using an example similar to the Hardy paradox of double interferometers with positron-electron annihilation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Steiner, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Steiner, Michael/0000-0003-3199-0935 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5359-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5436 BP 216 EP 222 DI 10.1117/12.542146 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAW94 UT WOS:000223995400023 ER PT S AU Lanzagorta, M Uhlmann, JK AF Lanzagorta, M Uhlmann, JK BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Quantum computational geometry SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation II CY APR 12-14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE quantum computing; quantum algorithms; computational geometry; computer graphics; Grover's algorithm; scented sampling method; range searching; multidimensional data structures; simulation; virtual reality; convex hull; collision detection AB The prospects for practical quantum computing have improved significantly over the past few years, and there is an increasing motivation for developing quantum algorithms to address problems that are presently impractical to solve using classical computing. In previous work we have indentified such problems in the areas of computer graphics applications, and we have derived quantum-based solutions. In this paper we examine quantum-based solutions to problems arising in the area of computational geometry. These types of problems are important in a variety of scientific, industrial and military applications such as large scale multi-object simulation, virtual reality systems, and multi-target tracking. In particular, we present quantum algorithms for multidimensional searches, convex hull construction, and collision detection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lanzagorta, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5359-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5436 BP 332 EP 339 DI 10.1117/12.541624 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAW94 UT WOS:000223995400035 ER PT J AU Heifetz, E Bishop, CH Hoskins, BJ Methven, J AF Heifetz, E Bishop, CH Hoskins, BJ Methven, J TI The counter-propagating Rossby-wave perspective on baroclinic instability. I: Mathematical basis SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE orthogonality; PV gradient; wave interaction; zonal propagation ID MOIST DEFORMATION FRONTOGENESIS; HORIZONTAL DEFORMATION; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; SHEAR; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR; FLOWS AB It is shown that Bretherton's view of baroclinic instability as the interaction of two counter-propagating Rossby waves (CRWs) can be extended to a general zonal flow and to a general dynamical system based on material conservation of potential vorticity (PV). The two CRWs have zero tilt with both altitude and latitude and are constructed from a pair of growing and decaying normal modes. One CRW has generally large amplitude in regions of positive meridional PV gradient and propagates westwards relative to the flow in such regions. Conversely. the other CRW has large amplitude in regions of negative PV gradient and propagates eastward relative to the zonal flow there. Two methods of construction are described. In the first, more heuristic, method a 'home-base' is chosen for each CRW and the other CRW is defined to have zero PV there. Consideration of the PV equation at the two home-bases gives 'CRW equations' quantifying the evolution of the amplitudes and phases of both CRWs. They involve only three coefficients describing the mutual interaction of the waves and their self-propagation speeds. These coefficients relate to PV anomalies formed by meridional fluid displacements and the wind induced by these anomalies at the home-bases. In the second method, the CRWs are defined by orthogonality constraints with respect to wave activity and energy growth, avoiding the subjective choice of home-bases. Using these constraints, the same form of CRW equations are obtained from global integrals of the PV equation, ut the three coefficients are global integrals that are not so readily described by 'PV-thinking' arguments. Each CRW could not continue to exist alone, but together they can describe the time development of any flow whose initial conditions can be described by the pair of growing and decaying normal modes, including the possibility of a super-modal growth rate for a short period. A phase-locking configuration (and normal-mode-growth) is possible only if the PV gradient takes opposite signs and the mean zonal wind and the PV gradient are positively correlated in the two distinct regions where the wave activity of each CRW is concentrated. These are easily interpreted local versions of the integral conditions for instability given by Charney and Stern and by Fjortoft. C1 Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. USN, Res Labs, UCAR, Monterey, CA USA. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Methven, J (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, POB 243,Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. EM J.Methven@reading.ac.uk NR 24 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 130 IS 596 BP 211 EP 231 DI 10.1256/qj.02.184 PN A PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 771VQ UT WOS:000188807100010 ER PT J AU Heifetz, E Methven, J Hoskins, BJ Bishop, CH AF Heifetz, E Methven, J Hoskins, BJ Bishop, CH TI The counter-propagating Rossby-wave perspective on baroclinic instability. II: Application to the Charney model SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE dispersion relation; phase-locking; scale effect of PV inversion; steering level ID POTENTIAL VORTICITY; EXTRATROPICAL TROPOSPHERE; BETA-PLANE; SHEAR; STABILITY; WIND; OVERREFLECTION; WAVELENGTHS; FLOWS AB The constant-density Charney model describes the simplest unstable basic state with a planetary-vorticity gradient. which is uniform and positive, and baroclinicity that is manifest as a negative contribution to the potential-vorticity (PV) gradient at the ground and positive vertical wind shear. Together, these ingredients satisfy the necessary conditions for baroclinic instability. In Part I it was shown how baroclinic growth on a general zonal basic state can be viewed as the interaction of pairs of 'counter-propagating Rossby waves' (CRWs) that can be constructed from a growing normal mode and its decaying complex conjugate. In this paper the normal-mode solutions for the Charney model are studied from the CRW perspective. Clear parallels can be drawn between the most unstable modes of the Charney model and the Eady model, in which the CRWs can be derived independently of the normal modes. However, the dispersion curves for the two models are very different; the Eady model has a short-wave cut-off, while the Charney model is unstable at short wavelengths. Beyond its maximum growth rate the Charney model has a neutral point at finite wavelength (r = 1). Thereafter follows a succession of unstable branches, each with weaker growth than the last, separated by neutral points at integer r-the so-called 'Green branches'. A separate branch of westward-propagating neutral modes also originates from each neutral point. By approximating the lower CRW as a Rossby edge wave and the upper CRW structure as a single PV peak with a spread proportional to the Rossby scale height, the main features of the 'Charney branch' (0 < r < 1) can be deduced without prior calculation of the normal modes. Furthermore, CRWs from this branch are seen to make a smooth transition into the boundary and interior PV structure of the neutral modes appearing at r = 1. The behaviour of the other branches and neutral points is essentially the same when viewed from the CRW perspective. but with cancelling interior PV structures reducing the self and mutual interaction of the CRWs. The underlying dynamics determining the nature of all the solutions is the difference in the scale-dependence of PV inversion for boundary and interior PV anomalies, the Rossby-wave propagation mechanism and the CRW interaction. The behaviour of the Charney modes and the first neutral branch, which rely on tropospheric PV gradients, are arguably more applicable to the atmosphere than modes of the Eady model where the positive PV gradient exists only at the tropopause. C1 Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. USN, Res Labs, UCAR, Monterey, CA USA. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Methven, J (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, POB 243,Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. EM J.Methven@reading.ac.uk NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 130 IS 596 BP 233 EP 258 DI 10.1256/qj.02.185 PN A PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 771VQ UT WOS:000188807100011 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Addison, SR AF Gray, JE Addison, SR BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL Appleby, R Salmon, NA Wikner, DA TI A methodology for characterizing phase noise in modulated radar waveforms: An alternative 'terrain' characterization method SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY VIII AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology VIII and Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology VII CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE phase noise; scattering; modulated waveforms AB The problem of modulated noise first arose in Lord Rayleigh's investigations of acoustical backscatter off of rough sea surfaces. The same problem occurs in radar when the electromagnetic waveform takes an indirect return or transmit path to a scatterer (target) and then is received as a noise corrupted signal at the radar receiver. The effect is to produce modulated noise on the return signal. While most texts have a tendency to model the effect of noise as purely additive, it is more properly modeled as modulated noise. Recent work by the authors allow one to statistically characterize the effect of modulated noise on the received signal. This has some implications for phenomenology on being able to characterize radar backscatter from land, sea, weather as well as the implications for improved signal processing. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code B-32, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RI Addison, Stephen/C-6068-2013 OI Addison, Stephen/0000-0003-1196-6030 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5333-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5410 BP 74 EP 84 DI 10.1117/12.543139 PG 11 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW92 UT WOS:000223994700009 ER PT S AU Caffall, DS Michael, JB AF Caffall, DS Michael, JB BE Wirsing, M Knapp, A Balsamo, S TI A new paradigm for requirements specification and analysis of system-of-systems SO RADICAL INNOVATIONS OF SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING IN THE FUTURE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Radical Innovations of Software and Systems Engineering in the Future CY OCT 07-11, 2002 CL Venice, ITALY SP USA Res Off, United States Natl Sci Fdn, Munchener Univ Gesell AB In a system-of-systems, the number of possible combinations of interactions among the systems is theoretically infinite. System "unravelings" have an intelligence of their own as they expose hidden connections, neutralize redundancies, and exploit chance circumstances for which no system engineer might plan. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm for system-of-systems design. Rather than decompose each system within the system-of-systems in a functional fashion, we treat the system-of-systems as a single entity that is comprised of abstract classes. We demonstrate how our paradigm can be used to both avoid the introduction of accidental complexity and control essential complexity by applying object-oriented concepts of decentralized control flow, minimal messaging between classes, implicit case analysis, and information-hiding mechanisms. We argue that our paradigm can aid in the creation of sound designs for the system-of-systems in contrast to creating a federation of systems through a highly coupled communication medium. C1 Missile Def Agcy, Washington, DC 20301 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Caffall, DS (reprint author), Missile Def Agcy, 7100 Def Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301 USA. EM butch.caffall@mda.osd.mil; bmichael@nps.navy.mil NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-21179-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 2941 BP 108 EP 121 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY85L UT WOS:000189479100007 ER PT S AU Luqi Qiao, Y Zhang, L AF Luqi Qiao, Y Zhang, L BE Wirsing, M Knapp, A Balsamo, S TI A computational model for complex systems of embedded systems SO RADICAL INNOVATIONS OF SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING IN THE FUTURE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Radical Innovations of Software and Systems Engineering in the Future CY OCT 07-11, 2002 CL Venice, ITALY SP USA Res Off, United States Natl Sci Fdn, Munchener Univ Gesell AB Systems of embedded systems (SoES) have been receiving a great amount of attention because of their capabilities of combining individual embedded systems to accomplish broad and common objectives. High confidence is critical for SoES since they are widely used in the fields in which the consequences of systems failure are very serious. Although many approaches have been proposed to construct high-confidence embedded systems, most of them are proposed for the development of monolithic embedded systems. Building high-confidence SoES is still a great challenge. Further efforts on studying novel technologies for the development of SoES are needed. In this paper, we present a computational model which serves as a basis to construct prototype of SoES. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Software Engn Automat Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Luqi (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Software Engn Automat Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Luqi@nps.navy.mil; yqiao@nps.navy.mil; lzhang@nps.navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-21179-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 2941 BP 261 EP 273 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-24626-8_18 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY85L UT WOS:000189479100018 ER PT J AU Gibson, MS Puckett, ML Shelly, ME AF Gibson, MS Puckett, ML Shelly, ME TI Renal tuberculosis SO RADIOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE kidney, diseases; tuberculosis, genitourinary ID GENITOURINARY TUBERCULOSIS; FEATURES C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Gibson, MS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Bldg 1,2nd Fl, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM drgibby7@cox.net NR 20 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0271-5333 J9 RADIOGRAPHICS JI Radiographics PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 24 IS 1 BP 251 EP 256 DI 10.1148/rg.241035071 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 763DH UT WOS:000188058400023 PM 14730050 ER PT J AU Lassman, ME Kulagina, N Taitt, CR AF Lassman, ME Kulagina, N Taitt, CR TI Fragmentation of biotinylated cyclic peptides SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; POLYMYXIN-B; ION-TRAP; ANTIBIOTICS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; NOMENCLATURE; ENDOTOXIN AB Electrospray ionization coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used to determine the preferred binding site(s) of biotin NHS ester with a series of cyclic peptides with antibiotic properties. The peptides investigated are polymyxins, cyclic peptides produced by Bacillus polymyxa. In spite of the 1:1 stoichiometry used in the labeling reaction, multiple biotin molecules were incorporated into intact polymyxin peptides. Given the amine specificity of the activated biotin and the large number of amino acids with primary amines in the polymyxins, it was not clear by inspection which binding sites were more reactive than others. MS/MS was used to characterize the structure of the biotinylated peptides. MS/MS spectra of cyclic peptides often lead to ambiguous structure determinations due to the potential for multiple ring openings which result in the generation of multiple ion series. The MS/MS spectra of polymyxin peptides are especially difficult to characterize due to the lack of variety in their amino acids; however, the added complexity of the biotin aided the elucidation of the fragmentation pathways. MS/MS spectra of the species with biotin additions were used to rationalize the preferential binding sites of these molecules. Published in 2004 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lassman, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Lassman@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01-EB000680-01] NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2004 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1277 EP 1285 DI 10.1002/rcm.1483 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 829UZ UT WOS:000222077100005 PM 15174181 ER PT B AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, CD BE Shapiro, MM Stanev, T Wefel, JP TI Gamma ray bursts, supernovae, and cosmic ray origin SO RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International School of Cosmic Ray Astrophysics Course on Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology CY JUN 02-14, 2002 CL Erice, ITALY ID RELATIVISTIC BLAST WAVES; EXTERNAL SHOCK MODEL; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; OPTICAL COUNTERPART; EGRET OBSERVATIONS; AFTERGLOW; EMISSION; BATSE; CONSTRAINTS; VARIABILITY AB Progress in the solution of the mystery of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) is leading to the solution of the mystery of cosmic ray origin. Successes and difficulties with the hypothesis that cosmic rays originate from galactic supernovae (SNe) are outlined. In particular, SNe satisfy power requirements, and first-order shock acceleration in supernova remnant (SNR) shocks explains the power-law spectrum of cosmic rays below the knee. The lack of detection of the pi(0) bump and weakness of hadronic TeV emission from SNRs suggests, however, that cosmic rays are accelerated by a rare type of supernova. Statistical arguments show that the average kinetic power of GRBs and clean and dirty fireballs into an L* galaxy like the Milky Way is at the level of 10(40) ergs s(-1), with similar to 1 event every 10(3)-10(4) years. This power and rate is sufficient to explain the origin of hadronic cosmic rays observed locally. The rare SNe that give rise to GRBs are proposed to be those which accelerate cosmic rays. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7653,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-727-7 J9 SCI CULT SER ASTROPH PY 2004 VL 13 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1142/9789812702968_0012 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCJ55 UT WOS:000229640100012 ER PT B AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, CD BE Shapiro, MM Stanev, T Wefel, JP TI Gamma rays and neutrinos from blazars SO RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International School of Cosmic Ray Astrophysics Course on Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology CY JUN 02-14, 2002 CL Erice, ITALY ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; BL-LAC OBJECTS; X-RAY; 3C 279; RADIATION; MODEL; EMISSION; JET; ABSORPTION AB Blazar active galactic nuclei are thought to be a subset of radio galaxies where the jets are pointed towards us. A brief review of the properties of blazars is presented, and the central features of leptonic and hadronic models are summarized. Differences between BL Lac objects and flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) are considered with regard to dominant radiation processes and an evolutionary scenario for blazar evolution. Features of a proton blazar model are described, including a calculation of hadronic cascade radiation from photomeson processes. The AGN broad line region (BLR) provides an intense external radiation field in FSRQs that is important for producing detectable fluxes of neutrinos. Neutral beams formed through hadronic processes in the inner jets of blazars could power the extended jets and account for morphological differences between BL Lac objects and FSRQs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-727-7 J9 SCI CULT SER ASTROPH PY 2004 VL 13 BP 327 EP 340 DI 10.1142/9789812702968_0029 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCJ55 UT WOS:000229640100029 ER PT B AU Royset, JO Kiureghian, AD Polak, E AF Royset, JO Kiureghian, AD Polak, E BE Maes, MA Huyse, L TI Reliability-based optimal design: problem formulations, algorithms and application (keynote lecture) SO RELIABILITY AND OPTIMIZATION OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Working Conference on Reliability and Optimization of Structural Systems CY NOV 02-05, 2003 CL Banff, CANADA SP IFIP, WG7 5 AB Algorithms for solving three classes of reliability-based optimal design problems are presented. The algorithms address design problems for structural components, series systems, and a portfolio of series systems, where the objective and/or constraint functions involve probability terms. The proposed approach employs reformulations of the problems, in which probability terms are replaced by better-behaving functions. The reformulated problems can be solved by existing semi-infinite optimization algorithms. An important advantage of the approach is that the required reliability and optimization calculations are completely decoupled, thus allowing flexibility in the choice of the optimization algorithm and the reliability method. A comprehensive numerical example demonstrates applications of the proposed algorithms. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Royset, JO (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-579-7 PY 2004 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BY87R UT WOS:000189484500001 ER PT B AU Royset, JO Polak, E AF Royset, JO Polak, E BE Maes, MA Huyse, L TI Reliability-based optimization using sample average approximations SO RELIABILITY AND OPTIMIZATION OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Working Conference on Reliability and Optimization of Structural Systems CY NOV 02-05, 2003 CL Banff, CANADA SP IFIP, WG7 5 ID DESIGN AB We show that the failure probability is continuously differentiable under certain conditions. In such cases, the failure probability can be reformulated in a form that leads to a new sampling technique for its approximation. The new sampling technique is used to construct approximating problems to reliability-based optimal design problems.. This leads to a new algorithm for solving reliability-based optimal design problems. The algorithm consists of solving the approximating design problems repeatedly with gradually larger sample size using a standard nonlinear optimization subroutine. Accurate, and computationally costly, approximations of the failure probability are not computed until the algorithm has reached a reasonably good design. The applicability of the algorithm is shown in an example from the area of highway bridge design. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Royset, JO (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-579-7 PY 2004 BP 197 EP 203 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BY87R UT WOS:000189484500024 ER PT S AU Haltrin VI AF Haltrin, VI BE Gao, W Shaw, DR TI Analytical approximations to seawater optical phase functions of scattering SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE seawater; scattering; phase function; light; ocean optics AB This paper proposes a number of analytical approximations to the classic and recently measured seawater light scattering phase functions. The three types of analytical phase functions are derived: individual representations for 15 Petzold, 41 Mankovsky, and 91 Gulf of Mexico phase functions; collective fits to Petzold phase functions; and analytical representations that take into account dependencies between inherent optical properties of seawater. The proposed phase functions may be used for problems of radiative transfer, remote sensing, visibility and image propagation in natural waters of various turbidity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haltrin VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM vihaltrin@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5482-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5544 BP 356 EP 363 DI 10.1117/12558313 PG 8 WC Ecology; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BBI17 UT WOS:000225599600035 ER PT S AU Haltrin, VI AF Haltrin, VI BE Gao, W Shaw, DR TI The nature of optical remote sensing coefficient SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE seawater; light; reflection; remote sensing coefficient; brightness coefficient; radiance coefficient AB The remote sensing coefficient or radiance reflection coefficient is a principal product of atmospheric correction algorithms applied to the remotely measured optical images of the ocean. This coefficient contains information about angular structure of light radiance, roughness of the ocean surface, and optical properties of the water. This presentation analyses remote sensing coefficient and presents it as a product of three physically different values or factors. The first factor depends on geometrical parameters of illumination and atmospheric optical properties, the second factor depends on roughness of the ocean surface, and the third one depends on the optical properties of seawater. The approach used to derive the third in-water factor is valid for all levels of water turbidity - from the clearest open waters to the most turbid waters of river mouths and extremely scattering waters of Yellow Sea type. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haltrin VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5482-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5544 BP 364 EP 371 DI 10.1117/12.558328 PG 8 WC Ecology; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BBI17 UT WOS:000225599600036 ER PT S AU Haltrin, VI AF Haltrin, VI BE Gao, W Shaw, DR TI The structure of light radiance in the depth of the sea for the problems of horizontal visibility of submerged objects SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE shallow water; radiative transfer; ocean optics; horizontal visibility ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB The spatial and angular structure of light radiance in the depth of seawater can be precisely computed with such numerical programs like Hydrolight. Unfortunately such calculations demand a lot of computational time if used for problems of visibility of submerged objects. In this case, due to the much greater computational efficiency and logarithmic dependence of visibility parameters on radiance values, analytical radiative transfer methods are preferable. In this presentation a new analytical radiative transfer method is proposed to solve visibility problems in seawater. The angular structure of depth-dependent light radiance in the sea is obtained in the framework of previously published self-consistent approximation. The analytical expressions proposed in this paper allow to compute a horizontal visibility of submerged objects. This approach can be applied to problems of diver visibility in shallow water bodies of arbitrary turbidity and illumination. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haltrin VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5482-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5544 BP 372 EP 379 DI 10.1117/12.558332 PG 8 WC Ecology; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BBI17 UT WOS:000225599600037 ER PT S AU Chu, PC Qi, YQ Chen, YC Shi, P Mao, QW AF Chu, PC Qi, YQ Chen, YC Shi, P Mao, QW BE Bostater, CR Santoleri, R TI Validation of Wavewatch-III using the TOPEX/POSEIDON data SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE OCEAN AND SEA ICE 2003 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Sea Ice 2003 CY SEP 09-12, 2003 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP SPIE DE TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry; QuikSCAT winds; Wavewatch-III; significant wave height; wave action spectrum ID WAVES; GEOSAT; MODEL AB A full-spectral third-generation ocean wind-wave model, Wavewatch-III, has been implemented in the South China Sea (SCS) for investigating the wind wave characteristics. This model was developed at the Ocean Modeling Branch of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The NASA QuickScat data (0.25degrees resolution) two times daily were used to simulate the wind waves for the whole year in 2000. The significant wave heights from Wavewatch-III are compared to the TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) significant wave height data over the satellite crossover points in SCS. The model errors of significant wave height have Gaussian-type distribution with small mean value of 0.02 m (almost no bias). The model errors are comparable to the T/P altimeter accuracy (0.5 m) in the central SCS and smaller than the T/P altimeter accuracy in the northern and southern SCS, which indicates the capability of Wavewatch-III for SCS wave simulation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI QI, Yiquan/H-2637-2012 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5116-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5233 BP 98 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.508993 PG 10 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BY77J UT WOS:000189459700011 ER PT S AU Chu, PC Fang, CL AF Chu, PC Fang, CL BE Bostater, CR Santoleri, R TI Observed Rossby waves in the South China Sea from satellite altimetry data SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE OCEAN AND SEA ICE 2003 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Sea Ice 2003 CY SEP 09-12, 2003 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP SPIE DE Rossby waves; South China Sea; TOPEX/POSEIDON/ERS-2 altimetry; modular ocean data assimilation system ID CIRCULATION; PROPAGATION; ATLANTIC AB A global daily altimetry dataset was recently established at the Naval Research Laboratory on the base of Geosat Follow-On, TOPEX/POSEIDON, and ERS-2 data using the Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS). After quality control such as tidal and orbit error removal, referencing to a consistent mean, it provides a global sea surface height (SSH) data with high temporal and spatial resolutions. We identify the first baroclinic Rossby waves with a phase speed around 3-5 cm/s in the northern South China Sea using 1994-2001 daily SSH data. We also find that there is no evident Rossby wave signal in the southern South China Sea. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5116-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5233 BP 142 EP 149 DI 10.1117/12.509064 PG 8 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BY77J UT WOS:000189459700016 ER PT S AU Chu, PC Wang, J Qi, YQ AF Chu, PC Wang, J Qi, YQ BE Bostater, CR Santoleri, R TI Determination of the South China Sea surface height variability using TOPEX/POSEIDON data SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE OCEAN AND SEA ICE 2003 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Sea Ice 2003 CY SEP 09-12, 2003 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP SPIE DE TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry; South China Sea; empirical orthogonal functions; seasonal; intraseasonal; interannual variability AB The monthly mean TOPEX/POSEIDON crossover data in the South China Sea are used to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of sea surface height anomaly (SSHA). Multi-time scale variability is found using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The seasonal variability dominates SSHA with two spatial patterns: basin-wide gyre and north-south double gyres. The intraseasonal variability of SSH has high spatial variability at the continental shelf such as west of Hainan Island and Borneo, and east-west double gyre structure in the deep basin. The interannual variability of SSHA has a north-south double gyre pattern. The scale interaction between seasonal and interannual processes may be taken place at the north-south double gyre pattern. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI QI, Yiquan/H-2637-2012 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5116-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5233 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1117/12.509063 PG 10 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BY77J UT WOS:000189459700019 ER PT J AU Crawford, SW Colt, HG AF Crawford, SW Colt, HG TI Virtual reality and written assessments are of potential value to determine knowledge and skill in flexible bronchoscopy SO RESPIRATION LA English DT Article DE flexible bronchoscopy; technical skills; virtual reality; education; training; computer simulation ID SIMULATOR; COMPETENCE; ENDOSCOPY AB Background: Technically challenging professions such as those of the defense and transportation industries increasingly use computer-based simulation and written self-learning instruments for education and to determine competency. A structured learning curriculum does not exist, however, for flexible bronchoscopy, a minimally invasive diagnostic procedure performed on thousands of patients by respiratory specialists, otolaryngologists, anesthesiologists, and surgeons worldwide. Objective: To explore an analogous strategy of measuring theoretical knowledge in flexible bronchoscopy and specific technical skills using written knowledge assessments and a virtual reality bronchoscopy simulator. Methods: Twelve trainees from a university pulmonary medicine training program were asked to identify and enter five specific bronchial segments on command using a virtual reality bronchoscopy skill station, and to complete a 50-question examination pertaining to bronchoscopy theory. Their performance scores and opinions pertaining to the use of these methods of assessment were then recorded. Results: Trainees correctly identified and entered 71% of the bronchial segments required on command (median 60%, range 40-100%). Fifty percent (3/6) of the trainees who had performed more than 200 flexible bronchoscopies successfully entered all segments required. None (0/6) of those who had performed less than 200 flexible bronchoscopies correctly located, identified and entered all required segments. Despite disparate performance, all trainees believed that technical skills could be improved through practice and instruction using computer-based simulation. On the written assessment, only 51% of questions were answered correctly (median 52%, range 32-60%). No relationship between technical skill and theoretical knowledge was noted. In addition, neither bronchoscopy skill nor theoretical knowledge were associated with years of training or number of bronchoscopies previously performed. Conclusions: Trainees concluded that (1) bronchoscopy simulation was realistic, (2) simulator-based practice would help improve technical skills, and (3) a written questionnaire would benefit theoretical knowledge acquisition if designed as a learning instrument. The wide variability noted in this study as well as the lack of a relationship between technical skill, knowledge of bronchoscopy theory, extent of training, and bronchoscopy experience suggest that competency should not be assumed based on years of bronchoscopy training or on an arbitrary number of procedures performed. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Div, Orange, CA 92868 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Med Corps, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Colt, HG (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Div, 101 City Dr,Bldg 53,Rt 81, Orange, CA 92868 USA. EM hcolt@uci.edu NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0025-7931 J9 RESPIRATION JI Respiration PY 2004 VL 71 IS 3 BP 269 EP 275 DI 10.1159/000077425 PG 7 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 818LA UT WOS:000221245400010 PM 15133347 ER PT J AU Swanekamp, SB Weber, BV Pereira, NR Hinshelwood, DD Stephanakis, SJ Young, FC AF Swanekamp, SB Weber, BV Pereira, NR Hinshelwood, DD Stephanakis, SJ Young, FC TI Measuring multimegavolt pulsed voltages using Compton-generated electrons SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER; BREMSSTRAHLUNG; DIODE AB The "Compton-Hall" voltmeter is a radiation-based voltage diagnostic that has been developed to measure voltages on high-power (TW) pulsed generators. The instrument collimates photons generated from bremsstrahlung produced in the diode onto an aluminum target to generate Compton-generated electrons. Permanent magnets bend the Compton electron orbits that escape the target toward a silicon pin diode detector. A GaAs photoconductive detector (PCD) detects photons that pass through the Compton target. The diode voltage is determined from the ratio of the electron dose in the pin detector to the x-ray dose in the PCD. The Integrated Tiger Series of electron-photon transport codes is used to determine the relationship between the measured dose ratio and the diode voltage. Variations in the electron beam's angle of incidence on the bremsstrahlung target produce changes in the shape of the photon spectrum that lead to large variations in the voltage inferred from the voltmeter. The voltage uncertainty is minimized when the voltmeter is fielded at an angle of 45degrees with respect to the bremsstrahlung target. In this position, the photon spectra for different angles of incidence all converge onto a single spectrum reducing the uncertainty in the voltage to less than 10% for voltages below 4 MV. Higher and lower voltages than the range considered in this article can be measured by adjusting the strength of the applied magnetic field or the position of the electron detector relative to the Compton target. The instrument was fielded on the Gamble II pulsed-power generator configured with a plasma opening switch. Measurements produced a time-dependent voltage with a peak (3.7 MV) that agrees with nuclear activation measurements and a pulse shape that is consistent with the measured radiation pulse shape. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Titan Jaycor, McLean, VA 22102 USA. Ecopulse Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. RP Swanekamp, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 75 IS 1 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1063/1.1628843 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 757EU UT WOS:000187536500026 ER PT J AU Lewis, D Bruce, RW Imam, MA Fliflet, AW AF Lewis, D Bruce, RW Imam, MA Fliflet, AW TI Joining of materials with millimetre-wave beam source SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article DE millimetre-wave; joining; ceramics ID ALUMINA COMPACTS AB An 83 GHz gyrotron-based, millimetre-wave beam system is being used for a range of material processing. One very promising application of this technology is in joining of ceramic and ceramic composite materials and has unique advantages over competitive techniques. The significant advantage is localisation of heating, with the millimetre-wave beam controlled by reflective optics, permitting inexpensive fixturing and instrumentation and minimising thermal damage to components. Another is the possibility of depositing energy specifically in a narrow joint region, through a guided wave effect. A corollary advantage of the process is the possibility of very rapid thermal cycling during joining, minimising thermal degradation of materials being joined. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lewis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM imam@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PY 2004 VL 9 IS 5 BP 459 EP 464 DI 10.1179/136217104225021706 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 871KL UT WOS:000225132100011 ER PT S AU Scales, WA Ganguli, G AF Scales, WA Ganguli, G BE Lebreton, JP Agee, CB Stabekis, PD Bernhardt, P Ganguli, GI TI Investigation of plasma irregularity sources associated with charged dust in the earth's mesosphere SO SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION, PLANETARY PROTECTION, ACTIVE EXPERIMENTS AND DUSTY PLASMAS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE dusty plasma; dust acoustic wave; mesosphere; PMSE; noctilucent clouds ID HIGH-LATITUDE MESOSPHERE; POLAR SUMMER MESOSPHERE; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; ECHOES; ROCKET; DROPPS; RADAR; PMSE AB Noctilucent clouds (NLCs) and polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSEs) are two phenomena at the forefront of near earth space science. NLCs are high altitude clouds in the earth's mesosphere that are formed from aerosol particles. The increase in the occurence of NLCs over time is believed to have profound implications on global climate change. PMSEs are believed to be related to NLCs and are strong radar echoes from mesospheric turbulence in the 50 MHz to 1.3 GHz range. Currently, there is no universally accepted explanation for the irregularities thought to produce PMSEs. Recent simultaneous sounding rocket, radar, and lidar observations of NLCs and PMSEs have provided a more detailed description of the electrodynamics and plasma configuration inside NLCs and the relationship to PMSEs. Particularly important is the simultaneous observation of charged aerosols, electron depletions, and small-scale electric field irregularities in the PMSE generation region. This work considers the consequences of the recent experimental observations on ultimately understanding the generation mechanism for PMSEs and the relationship to NLCs. A model for the electrodynamics and plasma configuration in the charged aerosol boundary layer will be described that indicates that plasma flows are expected to exist in the equilibrium. The possible role of these plasma flows in producing electron turbulence and irregularities in the charged aerosol boundary layer that may ultimately result in PMSEs is discussed. (C) 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scales, WA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM wscales@vt.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2402 EP 2408 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.06.043 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBN86 UT WOS:000226379100027 ER PT J AU Tomaszeski, SJ AF Tomaszeski, SJ TI Naval transformation and the oceanography community SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tomaszeski, SJ (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 1 BP 10 EP 13 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 766TF UT WOS:000188391100002 ER PT J AU Cohen, JM AF Cohen, JM TI Office of Naval Research: Pioneering ocean science for navy missions SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Cohen, JM (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 1 BP 31 EP 32 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 766TF UT WOS:000188391100009 ER PT S AU Armstrong, JT Gilbreath, GC Pauls, TA Hindsley, RB Mozurkewich, D Hutter, DJ AF Armstrong, JT Gilbreath, GC Pauls, TA Hindsley, RB Mozurkewich, D Hutter, DJ BE Holt, SS Deming, D TI A proposed search for planets in binaries with the navy prototype optical interferometer SO SEARCH FOR OTHER WORLDS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Astrophysics Conference CY OCT 13-14, 2003 CL College Pk, MD SP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Maryland AB We are developing a search for planets via differential astrometry in binary systems, using the high-precision capabilities of the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer. The targets include not only the FGKM dwarfs observed with radial-velocity techniques, but also stars of earlier types. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Armstrong, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7215,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0190-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 713 BP 301 EP 304 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAM87 UT WOS:000222875000052 ER PT B AU Jeffords, RD Leonard, EI AF Jeffords, RD Leonard, EI GP IEEE TI Using invariants to optimize formal specifications before code synthesis SO SECOND ACM AND IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FORMAL METHODS AND MODELS FOR CO-DESIGN, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Co-Design CY JUN 22-25, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP ACM SIGDA, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, INRIA, IRISA, ONR, NSF, IUCRP, UC Discovery ID REQUIREMENTS AB Formal specifications of required system behavior can be analyzed, verified, and validated, giving high confidence that the specification captures the desired behavior Transferring this confidence to the system implementation depends on a formal link between requirements and implementation. The automatic generation of provably correct code provides just such a link. While optimization is usually performed on code to achieve efficiency, we propose to optimize the formal specification before generating code, thus providing optimization independent of the particular code generation method. This paper investigates the use of invariants in optimizing code generated from formal specifications in the Software Cost Reduction (SCR) tabular notation. We show that invariants (1) provide the basis for simplifying expressions that otherwise cannot be improved using traditional compiler optimization techniques, and (2) allow detection and elimination of parts of the specification that would lead to unreachable code. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jeffords, RD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5546, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffords@itd.nrl.navy.mil; leonard@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8509-8 PY 2004 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1109/MEMCOD.2004.1459821 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BCG87 UT WOS:000229217000009 ER PT S AU Cranch, GA Kirkendall, CK AF Cranch, GA Kirkendall, CK BE Miguel, J Culshaw, B TI Interrogation of a fiber-optic interferometric sensor over 166km using a remotely pumped EDFA and distributed Raman amplification SO SECOND EUROPEAN WORKSHOP ON OPTICAL FIBRE SENSORS: PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors CY JUN 09-11, 2004 CL Santander, SPAIN SP Univ Cantabriam Grp ingenier Foton, Minist Cienc Technol Gobierno Espana, Gobierno Cantabr, IEEE/LEOS, Opt Soc Amer, SPIE, IEE DE remote fiber-optic interferometric sensor; Raman amplification; acoustic array AB We demonstrate interrogation of a single, high performance Mach-Zehnder interferometric sensor over a total of 166 km of single-mode optical fiber, using a remotely pumped EDFA and Raman amplification. A phase resolution less than 5 murad/Hz(1/2) at 1 kHz is achieved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cranch, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5674,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5434-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5502 BP 350 EP 353 DI 10.1117/12.566721 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BAL27 UT WOS:000222663500080 ER PT S AU Ware, ME Bracker, A Gammon, D Gershoni, D AF Ware, ME Bracker, A Gammon, D Gershoni, D BE Norman, AG Goldman, RS Noetzel, R Stringfellow, GB TI Polarization spectroscopy of charged single self-assembled quantum dots SO SELF-ORGANIZED PROCESSES IN SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROEPITAXY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Self-Organized Processes in Semiconductor Epitaxy held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ELECTRON AB We have demonstrated single dot spectroscopy of InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots embedded in a bias controlled Schottky diode. The photoluminescence spectra exhibit discrete lines depending on bias, which we attribute to the recombination of positively charged, neutral, and negatively charged confined excitons. With excitation directly into the dot, large circular polarization memory is exhibited by the two charged exciton (trion) lines. This indicates long spin lifetimes for both the electron and the heavy hole in the quantum dots. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ware, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Ware, Morgan/I-8233-2012 OI Ware, Morgan/0000-0002-9998-4139 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-732-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 794 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAH11 UT WOS:000222180100022 ER PT S AU Sample, JT Thomas, ML McCreedy, FP Shaw, KB AF Sample, JT Thomas, ML McCreedy, FP Shaw, KB BE Carapezza, EM TI The National Guard Bureau's digital mapping system portal system SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE(C31) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY AND HOMELAND DEFENSE III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense III CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE digital mapping portal; GIS; netcentric AB The National Guard Bureau (NGB) and the Naval Research Lab (NRL) have developed a Digital Mapping System (DMS) Portal System that currently connects over 360 geospatial data servers. The DMS Portal System is located at http://ngzbcdmaps.gtri.gatech.edu and is being used by nationwide law enforcement (approximately 5000 users/month) to generate geospatial mapping solutions to satisfy broad requirements with no licensing required. This paper will highlight the current functionality of the DMS Portal System to allow many types of geospatial information (such as weather, conventional maps, imagery, plume model dispersions, etc.) to appear in a common environment regardless of how the information is originally stored. The DMS Portal System has substantial potential usage in the homeland defense arena as well as with conventional DoD/government and private sector users. Future directions for this cutting-edge technology will be outlined. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sample, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5326-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5403 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1117/12.544010 PN 1-2 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ63 UT WOS:000224321700005 ER PT S AU Warner, E Ladner, R Petry, F Shea, JJ AF Warner, E Ladner, R Petry, F Shea, JJ BE Carapezza, EM TI Advanced techniques in delivering data to the warfighter in a distributed information system SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE(C31) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY AND HOMELAND DEFENSE III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense III CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE MetOc data; web services; data oriented service; data mining; network centric warfare; spatio-temporal data representation; dynamic data compression AB The future requires military operations and intelligence communities to more heavily rely on Internet-based solutions for the delivery of MetOc data and products to the warfighter in an automated manner. These issues are being addressed by Tactical Environmental Data Services (TEDServices). TEDServices is being engineered by the Naval Research Laboratory, the Naval Oceanographic Office and the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, with sponsorship from Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR) PMW-150. TEDServices was successfully demonstrated during April 2004, in FBE-Kilo, and is in transition to the US Navy this fiscal year. This paper will describe how TEDServices has been engineered to provide solutions to issues routinely confronted by warfighters. These solutions include, but are not limited to, better bandwidth usage, automated data ordering, simplification of data management, automated data transformations, forward deployed data caching, simplified integration with legacy tactical decision aids and support for joint interoperability. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Warner, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5326-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5403 BP 753 EP 761 DI 10.1117/12.540727 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ63 UT WOS:000224321700082 ER PT S AU Seaver, M Trickey, ST Nichols, JM Moniz, L Pecora, L Todd, MD AF Seaver, M Trickey, ST Nichols, JM Moniz, L Pecora, L Todd, MD BE Wang, A TI High-performance fiber optic systems for damage detection and structural health monitoring SO SENSORS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors for Harsh Environments CY OCT 26-27, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA DE fiber optics; fiber Bragg gratings; damage detection; structural health monitoring; nonlinear dynamics; state space ID DIMENSION; SENSORS; FILTER AB This paper describes two systems that can monitor up to 64 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain gauges simultaneously and their use in structural health monitoring applications. One system directly tracks wavelength shifts and provides similar to0.3 muepsilon sensitivity with data rates to 360 Hz. The second system uses an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer to convert wavelength to phase. It has a noise floor of similar to5 nepsilon/Hz(1/2) and data rates to 10 kHz. The wavelength-based system was used in field tests on an all composite hull surface effects ship in the North Sea and on an Interstate highway bridge in New Mexico. The interferometric system has been used to demonstrate enhanced damage detection sensitivity in a series of laboratory experiments that rely on a novel data analysis approach based in nonlinear dynamics and state space analysis. The sensitivity of three of these novel damage detection methods is described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seaver, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5543-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5590 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1117/12.580335 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBM97 UT WOS:000226252300005 ER PT B AU Needham, DM AF Needham, DM BE Arabnia, HR Reza, H TI Interdisciplinary teams for embedded software systems SO SERP'04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND PRACTICE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practice CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educa & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol AB Embedded software systems typically require the combined efforts of designers and engineers with a wide variety of software, hardware, and system interfacing backgrounds. A crucial part of embedded software development centers on actively involving interdisciplinary teams in all stages of the software development process. Embedded applications provide a unique exposure to software development by allowing team members to fully incorporate analysis and design techniques with their knowledge of device drivers, operating systems, hardware, and programming level concurrency constructs. Team members with diverse backgrounds bring differing perspectives of software development to the design process. This paper presents the design and development activities of several projects undertaken by interdisciplinary teams of undergraduate students at the United States Naval Academy. Each team included students from a variety of academic backgrounds, including aerospace engineering, computer science, mechanical engineering, oceanography, and systems engineering. The teams developed, tested, and deployed embedded control systems for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In this paper, we analyze the impact of working with interdisciplinary teams of students, the effect of course sequencing on multi-term projects, and how knowledge of a variety of disciplines impacts the effectiveness of interdisciplinary teams. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Needham, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-30-0 PY 2004 BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBK74 UT WOS:000225905800003 ER PT B AU Needham, D Eckstrand, E AF Needham, D Eckstrand, E BE Arabnia, HR Reza, H TI Analyzing a high energy laser modeling and simulation framework SO SERP'04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND PRACTICE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practice CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educa & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE novel software tools and environments; component-based engineering; software architectures AB End-to-end high energy laser simulations model a laser's intensity starting with the originating power conversion through to final illumination on target. Such simulations benefit from a modularized architecture in which a component of a software simulation framework, such as a module that computes a laser's wavefront propagation, can be modified or replaced with minimal impact to the rest of the framework. The framework's underlying component model must be efficient both in terms of ease of use as well as in minimizing the restrictions placed on components undergoing modification or replacement. We integrate an existing laser propagation model into Northrop Grumman's simulation framework developed for the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office. We evaluate the feasibility of incorporating legacy laser wavefront propagation modeling codes into the framework, examine issues likely to be encountered during future code inclusion, and provide recommendations for alternate approaches. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Needham, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-30-0 PY 2004 BP 580 EP 586 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBK74 UT WOS:000225905800087 ER PT B AU McMahon, MM AF McMahon, MM BE Arabnia, HR Reza, H TI A component-based application development, test, and evaluation environment for network applications SO SERP'04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND PRACTICE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practice CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educa & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE component-based application development; on-line testing AB Large-scale construction typically depends on the use of prefabricated components. Software system developers can use the same approach to build applications by using existing, documented, and tested components. New applications can be developed by combining third-party components with existing components. Current literature does not suggest that there is focus on test and evaluation within the environment itself, which is especially evident when the application requires dynamic input for realistic testing. Component suite developers provide a set of extensible, reusable, dependable components. To facilitate an expandable base of third-party developers and customers, the need for a network-accessible development, test, and evaluation environment has evolved This paper describes the design of a component-based application development and test environment that addresses the needs of both developers and their customers, using the Internet to connect the users to development, integration, and test resources. We present the design, the supporting constraints, and design decisions. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McMahon, MM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-30-0 PY 2004 BP 760 EP 765 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBK74 UT WOS:000225905800114 ER PT J AU Hughes, DR Ghoshal, A Rowe, E Sundaresan, MJ Schulz, MJ Feaster, JT AF Hughes, DR Ghoshal, A Rowe, E Sundaresan, MJ Schulz, MJ Feaster, JT TI Health monitoring of thick materials using piezoceramic patches, time signals, and wavelet transmittance functions SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article DE health monitoring; thick materials; piezoceramic sensors; wavelet transmittance function ID CRACK; BEAMS AB A relatively overlooked factor in both global and local methods of health monitoring is the nonlinear stiffness of structures caused by the cycling of cracks and delaminations. Global methods of health monitoring use modal parameters or frequency response functions in an inverse procedure to quantify damage in structures with thick sections. Global approaches use fewer sensors that detect only significantly large damage in structures due to damage caused by transient vibration. However, local methods use Lamb wave propagation to detect small damage within a structure by an array of closely spaced sensors and actuators. Local methods also become more difficult to use on thick or non-homogeneous materials because wave propagation becomes complex. This paper develops a combined time series and wavelet analysis technique to improve damage detection in either thick, complex geometry, or non-homogeneous materials. A wavelet transmittance function (WTF) is defined as the ratio of continuous wavelet transforms from the time responses at different locations on a structure. A new damage indicator was developed based upon wavelet transmittance function. The novelty of the method lies in the fact that a near real time inference about the damage and the approximate extent of damage can be drawn without historical data. A simulated model is illustrated to highlight the potential of the new damage indicator on a thick aluminum specimen. Then, experimental signal data from two sets of different experiments conducted on thick structures with a crack and a delamination were analyzed using the wavelet transmittance function to detect the presence and extent of the damages as reflected on the WTF maps. This paper mainly deals with the development of WTF and the associated damage indicator by analyzing the simulated and experimental sets of data. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NASA, NRC Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Langley, VA 23681 USA. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Hughes, DR (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM hughesdr@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2004 VL 11 IS 1 BP 47 EP 66 PG 20 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 777KB UT WOS:000189176600005 ER PT S AU Zerilli, FJ Kuklja, MM AF Zerilli, FJ Kuklja, MM BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI Ab-initio 0 K isotherm for organic molecular crystals SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID 1,1-DIAMINO-2,2-DINITROETHYLENE; TATB AB The 0 K isotherm for the organic molecular crystal 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene is calculated reasonably accurately using the Hartree-Fock approximation to the solutions of the many-body Schrodinger equation for a periodic system as implemented in the computer program CRYSTAL. The equilibrium lattice parameters are predicted to within one percent of the values reported by Bemm and Ostmark. Pressure values on the isotherm agree extremely well with the values measured by Peiris and co-workers. The key to obtaining such accuracy is the relaxation of all the molecular coordinates as well as the lattice parameters under a fixed volume constraint. It was found that Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations gave much poorer results, but optimizations were not as extensively investigated in this case. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Zerilli, FJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM zerillifj@ih.navy.mil NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 123 EP 126 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000027 ER PT S AU Jones, HD AF Jones, HD BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI Equation of state for liquid nitromethane at high pressures SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE AB A perturbation technique is used to calculate the thermodynamic properties of nitromethane for high pressures. The intermolecular interaction is described by a spherically symmetric, exponential-6 potential and an angular dependent, multipolar contribution. Isothermal compression and the shock Hugoniot for nitromethane are well characterized by the theory. Molecular dynamics calculations, with the intermolecular forces constructed from interatomic interactions, also describe the experimental observations under consideration. There is a considerable difference in the predicted shock temperatures from the two methods C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Jones, HD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM swcjones@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 149 EP 152 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000033 ER PT S AU Elert, ML Zybin, SV White, CT AF Elert, ML Zybin, SV White, CT BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI Molecular dynamics study of shock-induced chemistry in anthracene SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Molecular dynamics simulations employing a reactive empirical bond-order (REBO) potential are used to investigate shock-induced chemical reactions in anthracene. Previous studies have shown that the dominant shock-induced reaction for smaller unsaturated hydrocarbons is polymerization, but fragmentation and pyrolysis are expected to be more prevalent for larger molecules. In agreement with recent experimental results, it is found that dimerization is the dominant chemical reaction in anthracene subjected to shock above a threshold strength. In addition, anthracene exhibits significant anisotropy in the solid phase, leading to orientation dependence of shock-induced chemistry in this material. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Elert, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM elert@usna.edu; carter.white@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 323 EP 326 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000072 ER PT S AU Joshi, VS Iman, MA AF Joshi, VS Iman, MA BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI Dynamic characterization of shape memory titanium alloys SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Evaluation of high strain rate behavior of materials at pre-fracture strains is very important where the materials are considered for ballistic applications. High compression strain rate response of shape memory titanium alloy including a typical titanium alloy are determined using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The conventional SHPB technique has been routinely used for measuring high strain rate proper-ties of high strength materials. A split Hopkinson bar consisting of 10-mm diameter Maraging 350 alloy incident, transmitter, and striker bars was, used to determine the compressive response of these alloys. Attempts are underway to use this technique to extract useful information required to design a material for improving its impact resistance. Initial test results performed on these different titanium alloys show an interesting trend with change of composition. Attempts were made to compare the stress-strain data of these alloys with the published data for titanium alloys. Stress-strain data and changes resulting in the microstructure from strain rates in the regime 1800-4000/s are presented. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Joshi, VS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head Div, Code 920L, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM joshivs@ih.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 581 EP 584 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000134 ER PT S AU Sutherland, GT AF Sutherland, GT BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI Shock response of a mock explosive containing sugar and HTPB binder SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Three double shock experiments were performed on the mock explosive MXS-2 at initial pressures of 0.49, 0.79 and 1.06 GPa. In these experiments a PMMA flyer backed by 6061-T6 aluminum impacted a PMMA sample cell containing the MXS-2. N4-XS-2 is composed of fine sugar in a HTPB binder. CTH hydrocode simulations were used to find a linear Us-up relationship that adequately predicted first and second shock arrival times. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Sutherland, GT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM sutherlandgt@ih.navy.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 808 EP 811 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000188 ER PT S AU Gamache, RM Drotar, JT Lee, RJ Callahan, JH Evans, TW Turner, NH AF Gamache, RM Drotar, JT Lee, RJ Callahan, JH Evans, TW Turner, NH BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI Study of secondary reactions from explosives detonated within a bombproof and shock tube system via visible spectrometry and gas and solids collection SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB An investigation into the secondary reactions of 5 selected explosives of nominally 2.3 lb and 5 lb charges has been performed. To investigate points of ignition and chemical potential for a secondary energy release, the following instrumentation was incorporated: total light output, visible spectrometry, blast pressure measurement, and gas and solids collection. Two internal blast structures were investigated: a 20 ft square bombproof room (ceiling height 16 ft) (only 2.3 lb charges were detonated within bombproof) and a 100 ft long x 4 ft diameter explosive shock tube. A comparison in performance of explosives detonated within both bombproof and shock tube displayed different results. Within the bombproof, after detonation but prior to initial wall impact, collected gas and solids displayed a large percentage of unburned fuels. After wall impact, the unbumed fuel within the gas was greatly reduced. Collection within the shock tube at the first collection station, 9 ft from the point of detonation, displayed almost no unburned fuel (both gas and solids). Real time light emission and blast pressure measurements were correlated with collected gas and solids data. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Warheads Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gamache, RM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Warheads Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM gamacherm@nswc.navy.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 843 EP 846 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000196 ER PT S AU Miller, JS Pangilinan, GL AF Miller, JS Pangilinan, GL BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI Measurements of aluminum combustion in energetic formulations SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Aluminum combustion plays an important role in tailoring energy release rates of energetic materials. The intimate mixing between Al and oxidizers from the formulation itself or from the surrounding atmosphere is key to effecting combustion. We infer combustion processes in detonated aluminized energetic formulations PBXIH-135 and PBXN-111 in air using time-resolved spectroscopy. We recorded spectral emissions from Al and AlO emanating from the surface of each sample for up to 100 mus. We observe differences in metal combustion between the oxidizer deficient PBXIH-135 and the oxygen-rich PBXN-111. We will discuss phases of combustion that each formulation exhibits and possible reaction processes. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div,Res & Technol Dept, Dynam & Diagnost Div,Dynam High Pressure Grp, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Miller, JS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div,Res & Technol Dept, Dynam & Diagnost Div,Dynam High Pressure Grp, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 867 EP 870 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000202 ER PT S AU Cart, EJ Lee, RJ Gustavson, PK Coffey, CS Sutherland, GT AF Cart, EJ Lee, RJ Gustavson, PK Coffey, CS Sutherland, GT BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI The role of shear in shock initiation of explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB This describes an experiment to test the hypothesis that the energy dissipated due to shear driven plastic deformation provides the hot spots needed for shock initiation of explosives. To develop controlled shear, sinusoidal shock wave fronts were generated and used to initiate PBXN-110 explosive charges. A threshold level was found for nearly flat shock wave fronts that did not initiate the explosive charges yet sinusoidal shock waves of lower amplitude caused initiation in the regions of maximum shear and not in the regions of minimum shear in identical explosive charges. As predicted, initiation occurred as long rows centered over the regions of maximum slope - maximum shear of the corrugated sinusoidal surface. These experiments will be discussed in detail. C1 USN, Surface Warface Ctr, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Cart, EJ (reprint author), USN, Surface Warface Ctr, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM cartej@ih.navy.mil; leerj@ih.navy.mil NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 925 EP 928 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000216 ER PT S AU Caulder, SM Buess, ML Garroway, AN Miller, PJ AF Caulder, SM Buess, ML Garroway, AN Miller, PJ BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI NQR line broadening due to crystal lattice imperfections and its relationship to shock sensitivity SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The hydrodynamic hot spot model is used to explain the difference between shock sensitive and shock insensitive explosives. Among the major factors that influence the shock sensitivity of energetic compounds are the quality and particle size of the energetic crystals used to formulate the cast plastic bonded explosive. As do all energetic compounds, RDX and RMX exhibit internal crystal defects the magnitude and type of which depend on the manufacturing process used to synthesize and re-crystallize the energetic compound. Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) spectroscopy was used to determine the crystal quality of RDX, HMX and CL-20 obtained from various manufacturers. The NQR experimental results are discussed. Cast plastic bonded explosives were made using the RDX and HMX obtained from the various manufacturers and subsequently subjected to the NOL large-scale gap test (LSGT). The results of the LSGT are discussed and correlated with the NQR results. A relationship between the crystal defect density and shock initiation pressure of the plastic bonded explosive is developed and discussed. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Caulder, SM (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM cauldersm@ih.navy.mil NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 929 EP 934 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000217 ER PT S AU Guirguis, RH Kelley, JM AF Guirguis, RH Kelley, JM BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI Role of radiation in surface burning of melt cast TNT SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID PHASE-CHANGE; KINETICS AB A thick pyrolysis zone regression model was developed to describe radiation driven surface burning of translucent homogeneous explosives and propellants. Radiation from the luminous flame penetrates deep beneath the surface and starts pyrolysis to ail intermediate gas phase at randomly distributed germ nuclei. Pyrolysis is completed at the surface where the remaining porous solid is exposed to the decomposition products. The resulting gases then chemically react in the flame zone above the surface and release their energy. When radiation is dominant instead of conduction, the rate of regression mostly depends on the flame temperature, not the pressure. C1 USN, Surface Warface Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Guirguis, RH (reprint author), USN, Surface Warface Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 959 EP 962 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000224 ER PT S AU Gump, JC Wong, CP Zerilli, FJ Peiris, SM AF Gump, JC Wong, CP Zerilli, FJ Peiris, SM BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI High-pressure structural study of epsilon HNIW (CL-20) SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID TRANSFORM RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; PROPELLANT FORMULATIONS; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; HEXANITROHEXAAZAISOWURTZITANE; DENSITY AB The structure of epsilon CL-20 at room temperature was investigated using synchrotron angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction experiments and Raman spectroscopy. For x-ray diffraction, the samples were compressed up to 6.3 GPa using a Merrill-Bassett diamond anvil cell (DAC) under both hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic conditions. Pressure - volume data were then fit to the Birch-Mumaghan equation of state to obtain an isothermal equation of state. No phase transition was observed within this pressure range. Raman spectroscopy was performed in the range of 50-1650 cm(-1). The samples were compressed non-hydrostatically to 7.1 GPa. Changes in peak positions with increasing pressure were observed. Vibrational spectra were calculated using Hartree-Fock and density functional theory and a comparison was made with the experimental spectrum. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Gump, JC (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM gumpjc@ih.navy.mil; zerillifj@ih.navy.mil NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 963 EP 966 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000225 ER PT S AU Gump, J Parker, L Peiris, SM AF Gump, J Parker, L Peiris, SM BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI HMX (beta phase): Laser-ignited reaction kinetics and isothermal equations of state SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID HIGH-PRESSURE; DECOMPOSITION; CHEMISTRY AB Reaction rates of laser-initiated HMX (beta phase) at high pressure have been measured using time-resolved absorbance spectroscopy. Over 20 samples of HMX were compressed to various initial pressures between 0.6 - 3.7 GPa and laser-initiated with various laser-pulse fluence between 1.4 - 8.5 J/cm(2). Under these P,T conditions, the complete reaction of HMX to the product gases takes 12-14 microseconds. Our time-resolved absorbance data show that HMX reactions are multi-step processes, demonstrated by an initial increase in absorbance followed by a later decrease in absorbance. In addition, isothermal equations of state of HMX at 30degreesC, 100degreesC and 140degreesC have been obtained using synchrotron angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction experiments. The samples were heated to the isotherm temperature and compressed up to 6 GPa. At all temperatures HMX remains in the beta phase up to 5 GPa. However, at 140degreesC when compressed above 4 GPa, upon decompression to ambient pressure, HMX undergoes a phase transition to the delta phase. The diffraction data were analyzed to yield unit cell dimensions at each pressure, and further analyzed to yield thermal expansion, bulk modulus, and the pressure derivative of the bulk modulus. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Gump, J (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM gumpjc@ih.navy.mil; peirissm@ih.navy.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 967 EP 972 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000226 ER PT S AU McGregor, NM Sutherland, GT AF McGregor, NM Sutherland, GT BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI Plate impact experiments on a porous Teflon-Aluminum mixture SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Plate impact experiments for nominal pressures of 0.5 and 0.9 GPa were performed on a highly porous Teflon-Aluminum mixture at 40% TMD to determine the conditions required for the onset of reaction. Shock wave times of arrival for experiments in which the sample was pressed to a uniform density were in close agreement with the inert response predicted by CTH hydrocode modeling using a P-alpha model. This indicates that reaction was not observed at the shock front. Reaction was observed after the passage of the initial shock wave. Reaction may also have occurred after the material was shocked to a higher pressure by a second shock wave. Techniques to measure shock-induced pressure in a low-density material were developed iteratively. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP McGregor, NM (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM mcgregornm@ih.navy.mil; sutherlandgt@ih.navy.mil NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 1001 EP 1004 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000234 ER PT S AU Sandusky, HW Granholm, RH Yakaboski, ON AF Sandusky, HW Granholm, RH Yakaboski, ON BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI Deformation around cavities from compressive loads SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB A test for survivability that has been applied to various scenarios involves compressively loading a confined cylindrical explosive sample to 100 MPa or higher levels in timeframes of 100 mus to 5 ms. There is a cylindrical cavity, either in the end of the sample next to the piston applying pressure or in the piston. The reaction threshold is obtained by varying the location of the cavity and its size as a function of loading rate. Axial stress is measured to confirm loading conditions and to provide time and pressure from reaction buildup, if any. Most recently, piston displacement is being measured for verifying the rate of cavity collapse calculated with LS-DYNA. Initial measurements were made on Teflon, for which there are reported Hopkinson bar data and a constitutive relation for high strain rate deformation. Model calculations for the stress-strain field in the deforming sample are an initial step toward predicting the onset of reaction in explosive samples. C1 NAVSEA, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Sandusky, HW (reprint author), NAVSEA, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM sanduskyhw@ih.navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 1025 EP 1028 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000240 ER PT S AU Carney, JR Ladouceur, HD Russell, TP Pangilinan, GI AF Carney, JR Ladouceur, HD Russell, TP Pangilinan, GI BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI A new method for determining material thermal properties at static high pressures SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL AB The response of materials under shock loading is strongly dependent an the mechanical and thermal properties of materials at high pressures. Despite the availability of several methods that quantify mechanical properties of materials at high pressures and loading rates, only a few existing techniques can measure heat capacity or thermal conductivity at high pressures. A new method is proposed to determine the thermal transport properties of materials in gem anvil cells (GAC). The test material and a ruby sphere were enclosed in a GAC and brought to pressure. The ruby was heated at a constant rate by a pulse of light whose intensity had a square wave temporal profile. Time-resolved ruby fluorescence spectra were recorded with a spectrometer and a streak camera. The temperature profile of the ruby during both the heating and cooling (following removal of the laser light) periods was sensitively dependent on the thermal transport properties of the surrounding material. A pressure-dependent set of results is presented for sodium chloride (NaCl) and Teflon, utilizing this new technique. The data is compared to simulations using previously published data. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Carney, JR (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM carneyjr@ih.navy.mil; russelltp@ih.navy.mil; pangilinangi@ih.navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 1143 EP 1146 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000268 ER PT S AU Lee, RJ Gustavson, PK AF Lee, RJ Gustavson, PK BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI Electrical conductivity as a real-time probe of secondary combustion of solid-fuel additives in detonating explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Electrical conductivity verses time measurements can provide a means to determine the timing of secondary reactions associated with detonating explosives. The assumption here is that conductivity is associated with the formation of carbon in the reaction zone. Continued conductivity may result from several events, e.g., continued combustion of hydrocarbon fuels or renewed high temperatures from combustion of metal additives. Relatively late combustion processes were observed by placing electrical conductivity probes in an air cavity at different distances from the end of an explosive charge. The timing of these conductivity profiles was referenced to the detonation zone via an initial probe placed against the explosive. Results from a non-aluminized HMX-based cast-cured explosive are compared with those containing metallic powders. The various metal additives were aluminum of various particle-size partitions and an aluminum-magnesium alloy. C1 USN, Res & Technol Dept, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Lee, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res & Technol Dept, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM leerj@ih.navy.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 1273 EP 1276 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000298 ER PT S AU Monat, JE Carney, JR Pangilinan, GI AF Monat, JE Carney, JR Pangilinan, GI BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI Novel optical fiber-based gauge for measuring transient pressures SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX AB While methods for determining transient pressures in shocked condensed matter are available, the need has arisen for new gauges whose quality of data, ease of use, and cost make them more appropriate for studying underwater shocks. A novel optical technique for measuring transient pressures in water or other fluids is being developed. One end of an optical fiber is submerged in the fluid of interest, allowing remote operation using a laser light source. The intensity of reflected light from the tip can be related to the optical properties of the fluid at the fiber/fluid interface and thus the pressure experienced by the fluid at a given time. This novel method has the benefits of avoiding electrical interference, permitting fast time resolution, and requiring only a photodiode and oscilloscope as detection electronics. Application of this gauge to studies of shock compression of water produced by detonation of energetic materials will be presented. C1 USN, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Washington, DC USA. RP Monat, JE (reprint author), USN, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Washington, DC USA. EM monatje@ih.navy.ml; cameyjr@ih.navy.mil; pangilinangi@ih.navy.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 1281 EP 1284 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000300 ER PT S AU Fischer, RP Grun, J Mignogna, R Donnelly, DW Covington, B AF Fischer, RP Grun, J Mignogna, R Donnelly, DW Covington, B BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI Athermal annealing of semiconductors using shock waves generated by a laser-plasma SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID SILICON AB We are investigating an annealing technique in which shock or sound waves generated by a laser-plasma are used to anneal a semiconductor. The athermal annealing (AA) process occurs very rapidly, which results in almost no diffusion of. dopants. A HeNe laser is used to measure the reflectivity of the silicon as a function of time. Measurements show that the annealing occurs in 1.8 musec, which is the acoustic time scale for waves to propagate from the focus through the AA region. A knife-edge technique is employed to study acoustic waves in the sample by measuring the deflection of the probe beam. Initial results for aluminum samples irradiated at modest laser intensities (200 mJ, 50 nsec) show well-defined surface acoustic waves. However, both silicon and GaAs have more complicated structure which resemble Lamb (plate) waves. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fischer, RP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rocj/foscjer@nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 1381 EP 1384 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000323 ER PT S AU Fu, R Lindfors, A Davis, J AF Fu, R Lindfors, A Davis, J BE Furnish, MD Gupta, YM Forbes, JW TI Scaling for internal blast SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUL 20-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The effect of charge size and geometry has been investigated. A series of experiments have been performed with explosive masses up to 2 lbs. in which the effect of internal blast performance in a rectangular structure was measured. Performance was based upon pressure measurements at multiple locations within the structure. Confidence in the measurements was achieved with the use of multiple gauges at the same location. The explosives tested contained both ideal and non-ideal compositions. A correlation was determined that allows for research size samples (< 100g) to be compared with greater sized charges. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Fu, R (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM jeffery.davis@navy.m NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0181-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 706 BP 1440 EP 1443 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BAT26 UT WOS:000223423000337 ER PT J AU Hamzi, B Kang, W Barbot, JP AF Hamzi, B Kang, W Barbot, JP TI Analysis and control of Hopf bifurcations SO SIAM JOURNAL ON CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE nonlinear systems; normal forms; quadratic invariants; Hopf bifurcation; center manifold; control ID LOCAL FEEDBACK STABILIZATION; NONLINEAR CONTROL-SYSTEMS; STATE-FEEDBACK; NORMAL-FORM; LINEARIZATION AB In this paper, control systems with two uncontrollable modes on the imaginary axis are studied. The main contributions include the local orientation control of periodic solutions and center manifolds, the quadratic normal form of systems with two imaginary uncontrollable modes, the stabilization of the Hopf bifurcation by state feedback, and the quadratic invariants that characterize the nonlinearity of a system and its Hopf bifurcation. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. ENSEA, ECS, F-95014 Cergy, France. RP Hamzi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, Kerr Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM hamzi@math.ucdavis.edu; wkang@math.nps.navy.mil; barbot@ensea.fr RI Hamzi, Boumediene/C-6469-2015 OI Hamzi, Boumediene/0000-0002-9446-2614 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0363-0129 J9 SIAM J CONTROL OPTIM JI SIAM J. Control Optim. PY 2004 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2200 EP 2220 DI 10.1137/S0363012900372714 PG 21 WC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics GA 827TX UT WOS:000221925100016 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Aluouani, AT AF Gray, JE Aluouani, AT BE Drummond, OE TI Multiple model tracking using fuzzy clustering SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE multiple model; IMM; fuzzy sets; fuzzy clustering ID TARGET TRACKING; INTERVAL; WORDS; LOGIC AB Tracking maneuvering targets has always been a significant challenge to the tracking community, so new approaches to this problem are always being pursued. One approach is to use multiple model filters as an attractive design logic for both maneuver detection and filter re-initialization. Common current practice in multiple model tracking uses a switching Markov model. A well known multiple model tracker that uses Markov switching model is the Interactive Multiple Model (IMM). This approach requires the a priori knowledge of the transition probability matrix (TPM) of the target state. Such knowledge may not be available unless one has combat identification, so one is usually dealing with target of unknown maneuver strategies. The objective of this paper is to introduce concepts from fuzzy sets to design a multiple model filter which is applicable to an arbitrary number of target models while at the same time not requiring the usage of the Maxkov switching to transition between the threat models. The essential concept is to treat each possible target dynamics as a fuzzy cluster, then to use the measurement information about the target to compute the degree of membership the target has relative to a particular fuzzy cluster. Such membership value would then be the equivalent of the switching gain when using IMM terminology. The target state is the weighted sum of the states provided by each individual filter. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code B-10, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5351-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5428 BP 90 EP 101 DI 10.1117/12.542502 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAX35 UT WOS:000224077200009 ER PT S AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF BE Kadar, I TI Fuzzy logic resource manager: real-time adaptation and self-organization SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XIII CY APR 12-14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE fuzzy logic; resource management; evolutionary computing; expert systems; distributed autonomous systems ID TREE STRUCTURE AB A fuzzy logic expert system has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack (EA) resources distributed over different platforms in real-time. Genetic algorithm based optimization is conducted to determine the form of the membership functions for the fuzzy root concepts. The resource manager (RM) is made up of five parts, the isolated platform model, the multi-platform decision tree, the fuzzy EA model, the fuzzy parameter selection tree and the fuzzy strategy tree. The platforms are each controlled by their own copy of the RM allowing them to automatically work together, i.e., they self-organize through communication without the need of a central commander. A group of platforms working together will automatically show desirable forms of emergent behavior, i.e., they will exhibit desirable behavior that was never explicitly programmed into them. This is important since it is impossible to have a rule covering every possible situation that might be encountered. An example of desirable emergent behavior is discussed as well as a method using a co-evolutionary war game for eliminating undesirable forms of behavior. The RM's ability to adapt to changing situations is enhanced by the fuzzy parameter selection tree. Tree structure is discussed as well as various related examples. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5352-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5429 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1117/12.541863 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAX37 UT WOS:000224077800008 ER PT S AU Thompson, MJ Sciortino, JC AF Thompson, MJ Sciortino, JC BE Kadar, I TI An analysis of complex radar data sets using fuzzy adaptive resonance theory map SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XIII CY APR 12-14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE artificial intelligence; electronic warfare; self-organizing systems; neural networks; fuzzy logic AB This paper will evaluate one promising method used to solve one of the main problems in electronic warfare. This problem is the identification of radar signals in a tactical environment. The identification process requires two steps: clustering of collected radar pulse descriptor words and the classification of clustered results. The method described here, Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theory Map (Fuzzy ARTMAP) is a self-organizing neural network algorithm. The benefits of this algorithm are that the training process is very stable and fast and that it needs a small number of required initial parameters and it performs very well at novelty detection, which is the classification of unknown radar emitters. This paper will discuss the theory behind the Fuzzy ARTMAP, as well as results of the processing of two i reali radar pulse data sets. The first evaluated data set consists of 5242 radar pulse descriptor words from 32 different emitters. The second data set consists of 107850 pulse descriptor words from 112 different emitters. The radar pulse descriptors words that were used by the algorithm for both sets of data were radio frequency (RF) and pulse width (PW). The results of the processing of both of these datasets were better then 90% correct correlation with actual ID, which exceeds the results of processing these datasets with other algorithms such as K-Means. and other self-organizing neural networks. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thompson, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5352-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5429 BP 172 EP 179 DI 10.1117/12.541302 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAX37 UT WOS:000224077800017 ER PT S AU Black, DC Sciortino, JC AF Black, DC Sciortino, JC BE Kadar, I TI High-accuracy, low-ambiguity emitter classification using an advanced Dempster-Shafer algorithm SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XIII CY APR 12-14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE emitter identification; Dempster-Shafer; automatic classification AB High-accuracy, low-ambiguity emitter classification based on ESM signals is critical to the safety and effectiveness of military platforms. Many previous ESM classification techniques involved comparison of either the average observed value or the observed limits of ESM parameters with the expected limits contained in an emitter library. Signal parameters considered typically include radio frequency (RF), pulse repetition interval (PRI), and pulse width (PW). These simple library comparison techniques generally yield ambiguous results because of the high density of emitters in key regions of the parameter space (X-band). This problem is likely to be exacerbated as military platforms are more frequently called upon to conduct operations in littoral waters, where high densities of airborne, sea borne, and land based emitters greatly increase signal clutter. A key deficiency of the simple techniques is that by focusing only on parameter averages or limits, they fail to take advantage of much information contained in the observed signals. In this paper we describe a Dempster-Shafer technique that exploits a set of hierarchical parameter trees to provide a detailed description of signal behavior. This technique provides a significant ambiguity particularly for agile emitters whose signals provide much information for the algorithm to utilize. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Black, DC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5352-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5429 BP 410 EP 420 DI 10.1117/12.542593 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAX37 UT WOS:000224077800041 ER PT S AU Lynch, RS Willett, PK AF Lynch, RS Willett, PK BE Kadar, I TI Modeling feature uncertainty in the Bayesian data reduction algorithm SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XIII CY APR 12-14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE classification; noninformative prior; discrete data; unknown data distribution ID PERFORMANCE AB In this paper, the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm (BDRA) is extended to model uncertainty in feature information. The new method works by making a data observation spread over multiple discretized bins in a way that is analogous to convolving it with a blur function prior to being quantized. The motivation for this is to enforce some notion of closeness between discretized bins that actually are close prior to quantization - the oriainal model incorporates no such notion, and in fact the number of observed training data in one bin bears no stronger relationship to a bin that is near than one that is distant, in the sense of the underlying unquantized data. This has the effect that performance of the BDRA can be improved in difficult classification situations involving very small numbers of training data. The BDRA is based on the assumption that the discrete symbol probabilities of each class are a priori uniformly Dirichlet distributed, and it employs a "greedy" approach (similar to a backward sequential feature search) for reducing irrelevant features from the training data of each class. Notice that reducing irrelevant features is synonymous here with selecting those features that provide best classification performance; the metric for making data reducing decisions is an analytic formula for the probability of error conditioned on the training data. To illustrate its performance with the new extended algorithm results will be shown using both real and simulated data. C1 USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI USA. RP Lynch, RS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI USA. OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5352-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5429 BP 513 EP 521 DI 10.1117/12.543071 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAX37 UT WOS:000224077800051 ER PT S AU Stahlbush, RE Twigg, ME Sumakeris, JJ Irvine, KG Losee, PA AF Stahlbush, RE Twigg, ME Sumakeris, JJ Irvine, KG Losee, PA BE Dudley, M Gouma, P Kimoto, T Neudeck, PG Saddow, SE TI Mechanisms of stacking fault growth in SiC PiN diodes SO SILICON CARBIDE 2004-MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Carbide-Materials, Processing and Devices held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID I-N-DIODES; DISLOCATIONS AB The early development of stacking faults in SiC PiN diodes fabricated on 8degrees off c-axis 4H wafers has been studied. The 150mum drift region and p-n junction were epitaxially grown. The initial evolution of the stacking faults was examined by low injection electroluminescence using current-time product steps as low as 0.05 coul/cm(2). The properties of the dislocations present before electrical stressing were determined based on previously observed differences of Si-core and C-core partial dislocations and the patterns of stacking fault expansion. The initial stacking fault expansion often forms a chain of equilateral triangles and at higher currents and/or longer times these triangles coalesce. All of the faulting examined in this paper originated between 10 and 40 mum below the SiC surface. The expansion rate of the bounding partial dislocations is very sensitive to the partials' line directions, their core types and the density of kinks. From these patterns it is concluded that the stacking faults originate from edge-like basal plane dislocations that have Burgers vectors either parallel or anti-parallel to the off-cut direction. Evidence for dislocation conversions between basal-plane and threading throughout the epitaxial drift region is also presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20374 USA. RP Stahlbush, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20374 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-765-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 815 BP 103 EP 113 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBA64 UT WOS:000224426400014 ER PT S AU Stahlbush, RE Twigg, ME Irvine, KG Sumakeris, JJ Chow, TP Losee, PA Zhu, L Tang, Y Wang, W AF Stahlbush, RE Twigg, ME Irvine, KG Sumakeris, JJ Chow, TP Losee, PA Zhu, L Tang, Y Wang, W BE Madar, R Camassel, J TI Stacking fault formation sites and growth in thick-epi SiC PiN diodes SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2003, PRTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conferece on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2003 (ICSCRM 2003) CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE stacking faults; dislocations; V-f degradation; nucleation sites; PiN diodes ID N-DIODES AB Stacking fault formation sites and growth mechanisms in PiN diodes have been investigated. The diodes were fabricated on a 4H SiC wafer with a 150 mum thick n epitaxial layer and a grown p(+) anode. Stacking faults and their associated dislocations were examined by light emission imaging. Many of the stacking faults originate from extended string-like clusters that are present before electrical stressing and are observed at depths ranging from 10 to 100 mum below the SiC surface. Two possible mechanisms for creating these clusters are discussed: (1) nucleation of dislocation loops due to step bunching during epitaxial growth and (2) faulting of basal plane dislocations. Two alternate driving forces for stacking fault growth are also considered: mechanical stress relief and electronic energy lowering. Based on the growing behavior of the stacking faults, it is concluded that mechanical stress is responsible for the stacking fault growth. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Stahlbush, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6813, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 457-460 BP 533 EP 536 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAM18 UT WOS:000222802200125 ER PT S AU Twigg, ME Stahlbush, RE Fatemi, M Arthur, SD Fedison, JB Tucker, JB Wang, S AF Twigg, ME Stahlbush, RE Fatemi, M Arthur, SD Fedison, JB Tucker, JB Wang, S BE Madar, R Camassel, J TI Partial dislocations and stacking faults in 4H-SiC PiN diodes SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2003, PRTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conferece on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2003 (ICSCRM 2003) CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE 4H-SiC; stacking faults; dislocations; PiN diodes; transmission electron microscopy ID I-N-DIODES; BIAS AB Using plan-view transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we have identified stacking faults (SFs) in 4H-SiC PiN diodes subjected to both heavy and light electrical bias. Our observations suggest that the widely-expanded SFs seen after heavy bias are faulted dislocation loops that have expanded in response to stresses within the 4H-SiC film, while faulted screw or 60degrees threading dislocations do not give rise to widely-expanded SFs. An analysis based on continuum mechanics indicates that the expansion of SFs depends on the Peach-Koehler forces acting on the partial dislocations bounding the SFs, indicating that stress plays a critical role in SF expansion. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. GE Co, Ctr Res & Dev, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. Dow Corning Corp, Danbury, CT 06810 USA. RP Twigg, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 457-460 BP 537 EP 540 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAM18 UT WOS:000222802200126 ER PT S AU Saks, NS Ancona, MG Lipkin, LA AF Saks, NS Ancona, MG Lipkin, LA BE Madar, R Camassel, J TI Anomalous behavior of van der Pauw sheet resistance measurements on 4H-SiC MOS inversion layers with anisotropic mobility SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2003, PRTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conferece on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2003 (ICSCRM 2003) CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE anisotropic mobility; Hall effect; van der Pauw; MOS inversion layer ID MOSFETS AB An anisotropic electron mobility has recently been reported in 4H-SiC MOS devices with improved inversion layer mobility [1]. This anisotropy arises from scattering by oriented steps on the 8degrees off-axis 4H-SiC surface. The mobility is higher in the direction parallel to the steps, and lower perpendicular to the steps. In this paper, we describe anomalous behavior observed in the sheet resistance measurement in a van der Pauw (VDP) device which is caused by the anisotropy. Experimentally, a similar to15% mobility anisotropy results in a 1.8x anisotropy in the VDP sheet resistance. This surprising experimental result is confirmed by numerical simulations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Saks, NS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6813, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 457-460 BP 689 EP 692 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAM18 UT WOS:000222802200162 ER PT S AU Jones, KA Zheleva, TS Ervin, MH Shah, PB Derenge, MA Gerardi, G Freitas, JA Vispute, RD AF Jones, KA Zheleva, TS Ervin, MH Shah, PB Derenge, MA Gerardi, G Freitas, JA Vispute, RD BE Madar, R Camassel, J TI Activation of implanted Al and co-implanted Al/C or Al/Si in 4H-SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2003, PRTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conferece on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2003 (ICSCRM 2003) CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE silicon carbide; Al-implantation; Si and C co-implantation; defects AB We report on 4H-SiC samples implanted with Al, Al and C or Al and Si. Annealing was done using (BN)AlN caps. Sheet resistance measurements suggest that, at low annealing temperatures, implanted C facilitates the incorporation of Al into Si sites while Si impedes it. For annealing temperatures above 1600degreesC, the activation energy for these reactions is no longer the rate determining step and co-implantation has little effect. Optical measurements show that the peak near 3.0 eV, associated with free electrons recombining with an Al-bound hole, decreases as the annealing temperature increases. This suggests that defects are trapping out the hole. This can explain the lower mobility, lower electrical activation and our inability to detect the EPR peak associated with Al-Si in these heavily implanted samples. Finally, RBS and TEM measurements suggest that these defects are extended residual defects that nucleate and grow, as opposed to being annealed out, and that they could be stacking faults. C1 USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. William Paterson Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Wayne, NJ 07470 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jones, KA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, SEDD, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 457-460 BP 929 EP 932 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAM18 UT WOS:000222802200221 ER PT S AU Saks, NS Ryu, SH AF Saks, NS Ryu, SH BE Madar, R Camassel, J TI Hall effect measurements in SiC buried-channel MOS devices SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2003, PRTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conferece on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2003 (ICSCRM 2003) CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE SiC; MOS; buried-channel; Hall mobility; inversion layer ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY; MOSFETS; INVERSION; INTERFACE AB Present state-of-the-art SiC MOSFETs suffer from low conductance due to poor inversion layer mobility. To improve the conductance, FETs with implanted buried-channel (BC) n-type layers at the SiC/SiO2 interface are being investigated. In this paper, electron conduction in these implanted BC layers is characterized using the Hall effect. When the FET is biased strongly ON, electron conduction occurs simultaneously in both the n-buried-channel and a surface accumulation layer. These two layers have quite different mobilities which complicates the Hall analysis. Here we describe an approach to analyze the Hall data in order to obtain a correct value for the mobility in the surface accumulation layer of the BC device. Results are compared between BC and surface-channel (SC) devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Saks, NS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6813, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 457-460 BP 1287 EP 1292 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAM18 UT WOS:000222802200306 ER PT S AU Myers, RL Saddow, SE Rao, S Hobart, KD Fatemi, M Kub, FJ AF Myers, RL Saddow, SE Rao, S Hobart, KD Fatemi, M Kub, FJ BE Madar, R Camassel, J TI Development of 3C-SiC SOI structures using Si on polycrystalline SiC wafer bonded substrates SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2003, PRTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conferece on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2003 (ICSCRM 2003) CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE 3C-SiC; SOI; CVD ID LAYERS AB Single crystal 3C-SiC epitaxial layers have been grown on SOI substrates using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). The SOI substrates consist of nominally 100 A Si layers bonded to 100 mm poly 3C-SiC substrates using direct wafer bonding and SOI film transfer techniques. Miscut Si(100) films were incorporated into the wafer bonding process for the first time in an effort to further reduce anti-phase domain formation in the 3C-SiC films. The Si films were transferred from Si(100) wafers miscut 4degrees toward the [211] direction. The 3C-SiC layers were grown using a two-step process. First the Si was carbonized using propane mixed in a hydrogen carrier gas to convert the surface to SiC at atmospheric pressure. Next SiC growth was conducted by the addition of silane into the gas mix and a reduction of the process pressure to 150 Torr. SEM and XRD analysis were performed on films grown for 30 and 60 min at 1380degreesC (and an additional hour at 1550degreesC) indicate that the film is single crystal and oriented in the [001] direction of the starting Si bonded film. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Elect Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Myers, RL (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Elect Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 457-460 BP 1511 EP 1514 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAM18 UT WOS:000222802200360 ER PT S AU Carlos, WE Glaser, ER Shanabrook, BV AF Carlos, WE Glaser, ER Shanabrook, BV BE Madar, R Camassel, J TI Optical and EPR signatures of intrinsic defects in ultra high purity 4H-SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2003, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conferece on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2003 (ICSCRM 2003) CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE electron paramagnetic resonance; photoluminescence; semi-insulating AB The defect(s) responsible for the semi-insulating behavior of undoped 4H-SiC grown by physical vapor transport are investigated by correlated EPR and optical spectroscopy. We establish that the UD2 PL is due to the V-C-C-Si pair defect by comparing changes with annealing and comparing individual lines in the four line spectra with specific lines of the EPR center. Annealing studies also suggest that the Si-vacancy is more stable than in irradiated SiC and preliminary results indicate that it begins to evolve into the pair defect for Tsimilar to1000degrees C. The various simple lattice defects and their possible role in the SI behavior are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 457-460 BP 461 EP 464 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAM18 UT WOS:000222802200107 ER PT S AU Thompson, PE Bennett, J Felch, S AF Thompson, PE Bennett, J Felch, S BE Pichler, P Claverie, A Lindsay, R Orlowski, M Windl, W TI The use of SiGe barriers during the formation of p(+) shallow junctions by ion implantation SO SILICON FRONT-END JUNCTION FORMATION-PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Front-End Junction Formation-Physics and Technology held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; THERMAL-STABILITY; BORON-DIFFUSION; SILICON; SI1-XGEX; BF2 AB Ultra-shatlow p(+) junctions are required for next generation electronics. We present a technique for the formation of ultra-shallow p(+) junctions that increases the thermal stability of the junctions formed by ion implantation. By using a 10 nm Si1-xGex barrier layer, the diffusion of B is inhibited during high temperature processes. Alloys having a composition from x = 0 to 0.4 were investigated and it is shown that the most effective barrier had the maximum Ge fraction. The junction depth decreased to 36.7 nm for a 5x10(15)/cm(2) 1 kV BF3 plasma implant spike annealed at 1050 degreesC, compared to a junction depth of 48 nm for a Si control sample having the identical implant and anneal. It is hypothesized that the inhibition of B diffusion in the alloy layer is caused by a reduction of the Si self-interstitials in the alloy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thompson, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-760-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 810 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBA54 UT WOS:000224411300025 ER PT S AU Vignola, J Bucaro, J Tressler, J Ellingston, D Kurdila, A Adams, G Marchetti, B Agnani, A Esposito, E Tomasini, EP AF Vignola, J Bucaro, J Tressler, J Ellingston, D Kurdila, A Adams, G Marchetti, B Agnani, A Esposito, E Tomasini, EP BE Tomasini, EP TI Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis of scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer measurements of plaster status at the US Capitol SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS BY LASER TECHNIQUES: ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Vibration Measurements by Laser Techniques CY JUN 22-25, 2004 CL Ancona, ITALY SP Italian Assoc Laser Velocimetry & Non- Invas Diagnost, Univ Politecn Marche, Dipartiment Meccan DE plaster degradation; SLDV; proper orthogonal decomposition; fresco AB A large-scale survey (similar to700 m(2)) of frescos and wall paintings was undertaken in the U.S. Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. to identify regions that may need structural repair due to detachment, delamination, or other defects. The survey encompassed eight pre-selected spaces including: Brumidi's first work at the Capitol building in the House Appropriations Committee room; the Parliamentarian's office; the House Speaker's office; the Senate Reception room; the President's Room; and three areas of the Brumidi Corridors. Roughly 60% of the area surveyed was domed or vaulted ceilings, the rest being walls. Approximately 250 scans were done ranging in size from 1 to 4 m(2). The typical mesh density was 400 scan points per square meter. A common approach for post-processing time series called Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, or POD, was adapted to frequency-domain data in order to extract the essential features of the structure. We present a POD analysis for one of these panels, pinpointing regions that have experienced severe substructural degradation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vignola, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch, Code 7136,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI marchetti, barbara/N-6536-2013; OI marchetti, barbara/0000-0002-1761-7555; Tomasini, Enrico Primo/0000-0002-5939-9154 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5436-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5503 BP 358 EP 366 DI 10.1117/12.579766 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BAM45 UT WOS:000222825200041 ER PT S AU Romano, AJ Bucaro, JA Abraham, PB Dey, S AF Romano, AJ Bucaro, JA Abraham, PB Dey, S BE Tomasini, EP TI Inversion methods for the detection and localization of inclusions in structures utilizing dynamic surface displacements SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS BY LASER TECHNIQUES: ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Vibration Measurements by Laser Techniques CY JUN 22-25, 2004 CL Ancona, ITALY SP Italian Assoc Laser Velocimetry & Non- Invas Diagnost, Univ Politecn Marche, Dipartiment Meccan DE inversion methods; LDV; Laser Doppler Vibrometry AB In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of both detecting and localizing inclusions in structures given a knowledge of dynamic surface displacements. Provided with such displacement information, the equations of motion are utilized to estimate local material parameters through inversion, as well as to indicate the locations of inclusions using a novel generalized force mapping technique. Using a finite element code, numerical simulations were carried out for the determination of the normal surface displacements for both steel and mortar rectangular plates subject to monochromatic point actuation. The data is generated for both homogeneous plates and inhomogeneous plates within which a small rectangular inclusion of differing material parameters is present, and three algorithms are applied to the calculated displacement data. The first two are local inversion techniques which provide a spatial map of the elastic modulus normalized by density, while the third technique utilizes the inhomogeneous form of the equations of motion to obtain an induced force distribution caused by the inclusion. It will be demonstrated that the algorithms can both detect and locate inclusions in structures even when the material parameter difference of the inclusions and the background medium is relatively low. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Romano, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5436-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5503 BP 367 EP 374 DI 10.1117/12.579555 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BAM45 UT WOS:000222825200042 ER PT J AU Phillips, BD Yanagi, MA Carr, W Drummond, S AF Phillips, BD Yanagi, MA Carr, W Drummond, S TI The early riser gets the dream recall SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Vet Affairs San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 133 BP 59 EP 60 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400135 ER PT J AU Yanagi, MA Phillips, BD Carr, W Drummond, S AF Yanagi, MA Phillips, BD Carr, W Drummond, S TI Verbal learning performance following 36 hours of total sleep deprivation in long and short sleepers SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Vet Affairs San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 302 BP 138 EP 138 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400304 ER PT J AU Phillips, BD Yanagi, MA Carr, W Drummond, S AF Phillips, BD Yanagi, MA Carr, W Drummond, S TI Effect of prolonged sleep deprivation on emotion processing SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Vet Affairs San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 308 BP 141 EP 141 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400310 ER PT J AU Carr, W Phillips, BD Yanagi, MA Drummond, SP AF Carr, W Phillips, BD Yanagi, MA Drummond, SP TI Sleep, activity, fatigue, and task effectiveness (SAFTE) model assessment: Individual differences SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 USN, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Vet Affairs San Diego Healthcare Syst, Psychiat, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 340 BP 156 EP 156 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400342 ER PT J AU Miller, NL Shattuck, LG Miller, DB Clarke, J Neverosky, D AF Miller, NL Shattuck, LG Miller, DB Clarke, J Neverosky, D TI Sleep patterns of incoming cadets at the United States Military Academy SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 351 BP 160 EP 161 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400353 ER PT J AU Miller, NL Dyche, J Andrews, C Lucus, T AF Miller, NL Dyche, J Andrews, C Lucus, T TI The impact of additional sleep on test scores at US Navy Boot Camp SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. USAF Acad, USAF Acad, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 359 BP 164 EP 164 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400361 ER PT J AU Mallis, MM Neri, DF Colletti, LM Oyung, RL Raduta, DD Van Dongen, H Dinges, DF AF Mallis, MM Neri, DF Colletti, LM Oyung, RL Raduta, DD Van Dongen, H Dinges, DF TI Feasibility of an automated drowsiness monitoring device on the flightdeck SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. QSS Grp Inc, Moffett Field, CA USA. San Jose State Univ, Moffett Field, CA USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 367 BP 167 EP 168 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400369 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, DA Murphy, DP Ruff, GA AF Bradshaw, DA Murphy, DP Ruff, GA TI The effects of oral zolpidem on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) compliance in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Pulm, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 401 BP 182 EP 183 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400403 ER PT J AU Mallis, MM Rosekind, MR Chapman, PM Colletti, LM Neri, DF AF Mallis, MM Rosekind, MR Chapman, PM Colletti, LM Neri, DF TI Evaluation of the NASA Education and Training Module on alertness management: Knowledge gained and organizational impact SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Alertness Solut, Cupertino, CA USA. San Jose State Univ, Moffett Field, CA USA. QSS Grp Inc, Moffett Field, CA USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 842 BP 376 EP 376 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400844 ER PT J AU Lopez, C Phillips, B Carr, W Yanagi, MA Drummond, S AF Lopez, C Phillips, B Carr, W Yanagi, MA Drummond, S TI The effects of coping strategies on activity during sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 884 BP 395 EP 396 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400886 ER PT S AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL BE Tokuyama, M Oppenheim, I TI Johari-Goldstein or primitive relaxation: Terminator of caged dynamics and precursor of alpha-relaxation SO SLOW DYNAMICS IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Slow Dynamics in Complex Systems CY NOV 03-08, 2003 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Tohoku Univ, Inst Fluid Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol Japan ID GLASS-FORMING SUBSTANCES; EQUILIBRIUM LIQUID-STATE; BETA-RELAXATION; COUPLING MODEL; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; FREE-VOLUME AB Advance in understanding glass transition dynamics is made by identifying (1) the "universal" Johari-Goldstein (JG) relaxation with the primitive relaxation of the coupling model and (2) the nearly constant loss (NCL) as the short time caged dynamics, all with support from experimental data. Dynamics proceeds with time in the order of vibration (boson peak), caged motions (NCL), primitive or JG relaxation, and finally the fully cooperative alpha-relaxation. The primitive or JG relaxation plays two pivotal roles, the terminator of the caged dynamics (NCL) and the precursor of the alpha-relaxation. The dependence of molecular mobility on thermodynamic variables such as volume and entropy enters already at early times in caged dynamics (NCL) and primitive or JG relaxation, as home out by experimental data. and is magnified in the alpha-relaxation by many-molecule heterogeneous dynamics caused by intermolecular coupling. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 63 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0183-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 708 BP 515 EP 522 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA BAI16 UT WOS:000222360700167 ER PT S AU Roland, CM Casalini, R AF Roland, CM Casalini, R BE Tokuyama, M Oppenheim, I TI Johari-Goldstein relaxations during physical aging of propylene glycol oligomers under high pressure SO SLOW DYNAMICS IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Slow Dynamics in Complex Systems CY NOV 03-08, 2003 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Tohoku Univ, Inst Fluid Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol Japan ID GLASS-TRANSITION; ALPHA-RELAXATION; VISCOUS LIQUIDS; BETA-RELAXATION; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; FORMERS AB Dielectric loss spectra at elevated pressure of the dimer and trimer of propylene glycol reveal the existence of an excess wing, which may evolve into a distinct peak upon physical aging. This relaxation process occurs simultaneously with the higher frequency secondary relaxation observed at low pressure. From the properties of the excess wing, we conclude that it has an intermolecular origin; that is, for these liquids the excess wing is a Johari-Goldstein relaxation, which serves as a precursor to the a-relaxation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0183-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 708 BP 523 EP 526 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA BAI16 UT WOS:000222360700168 ER PT S AU Michopoulos, JG AF Michopoulos, JG BE Lagoudas, DC TI Generalized multi-field Von-Karman equations for large deflection of artificial muscle plates SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2004: ACTIVE MATERIALS: BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2004 Conference CY MAR 15-18, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Expt Mech, Boeing Co, Journal Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada DE multiphysics; multi-field; artificial muscles; electro-active polymers; ionic polymer conductive composites; electro-hygro-thermo-elasto-active materials; large deflection; ionic polymers; artificial muscles; finite element modeling; finite element analysis AB Recent advances in manufacturing of multifunctional materials that respond to multi-field excitation have motivated the design and prototyping of sensing and actuating devices for various applications aiming to improve functionality and decrease overall cost. Computer aided design is one of the techniques utilized for achieving these goals. However, it requires the development and integration of behavioral evolution models for the respective materials. This paper addresses the initiation of an effort to develop a computational implementation of a theoretical methodology for describing such systems in a way that allows accurate prediction of their behavior within their state space. Continuum mechanics, irreversible thermodynamics, and electrodynamics are utilized to derive the general four dimensional multiphysics field equations of materials used for artificial muscle applications along with the appropriate constitutive theories. The generalized nonlinear Von-Karman equations expressing the behavior of multi-field artificial muscle-based materials are derived as a special case of electric multi-hygrothermoelasticity developed as the closest theory for modeling the behavior electro-hygro-thermo-elasto-active materials. Numerical solution examples of these equations are presented for the case of an ionic polymeric material structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6303, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5304-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5387 BP 12 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.537624 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BAS07 UT WOS:000223342000002 ER PT S AU Kolar, R AF Kolar, R BE Lagoudas, DC TI Dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric shear deformable composite plates SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2004: ACTIVE MATERIALS: BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2004 Conference CY MAR 15-18, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Expt Mech, Boeing Co, Journal Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada DE dynamics of composites; laminated composites; transverse shear; vibrations of shear deformable plates AB Layered composites have attracted attention for their high specific stiffness, high specific strength, and application specific tailoring of their properties. It is also recognized that layered composites are prone to delamination failure in addition to other failure modes. Consideration of transverse shear on the deformation behavior of the composites is an important aspect in the study of delamination mode failure of such plates. In this paper, we consider the effects of including the transverse shear deformation on the vibration characteristics of layered piezoelectric composites. The formulation is based on the Raleigh-Ritz method using the beam characteristic functions. MATLAB based symbollic math tool box is used in evaluating th eintegrals resulting from the Raleigh Ritz approach. Various commonly occuring boundary conditions are discussed. Results are provided showing the effects of the shear deformation on the dynamics of layered laminated composites. The effects of laminate thickness, fiber orientation, and the plate aspect ratios on the free vibration characteristics of the composite laminates are given to demonstrate the methodology described. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kolar, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 699 Dyer Rd,Bldg 234,Rm 245, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5304-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5387 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1117/12.541091 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BAS07 UT WOS:000223342000006 ER PT S AU Baucom, JN Thomas, JP Pogue, WR Qidwai, MA AF Baucom, JN Thomas, JP Pogue, WR Qidwai, MA BE Lagoudas, DC TI Autophagous structure-power systems SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2004: ACTIVE MATERIALS: BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2004 Conference CY MAR 15-18, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Expt Mech, Boeing Co, Journal Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada DE autophagous; structure-power; UAV; thermoelectric; fuel cell; energy conversion; cmultifunctional AB Novel autophagous (self-consuming) systems combining structure and power functionalities are under development for improved material utilization and performance enhancement in electric unmanned air vehicles (UAV's). Much of the mass of typical aircraft is devoted separately to the functions of structure and fuel-energy. Several methods are proposed to extract structure function from materials that can also serve as fuel for combustion or as a source of hydrogen. Combustion heat is converted to electrical energy by thermoelectric generation, and hydrogen gas is used in fuel cells to provide electrical energy. The development and implementation of these structure-fuels are discussed in the context of three specific designs of autophagous wing spars. The designs are analyzed with respect to mechanical performance and energy storage. Results indicate a high potential for these systems to provide enhanced performance in electric UAV's. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baucom, JN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Qidwai, Siddiq/0000-0002-2389-118X NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5304-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5387 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.1117/12.540913 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BAS07 UT WOS:000223342000011 ER PT S AU Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE AF Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE BE Lagoudas, DC TI Magnetostriction of stress annealed Fe-Ga-Al and Fe-Ga alloys under compressive and tensile stress SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2004: ACTIVE MATERIALS: BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2004 Conference CY MAR 15-18, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Expt Mech, Boeing Co, Journal Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada AB The addition of Al and Ga to b.c.c. alpha-Fe increases the magnetostriction of Fe in the [100] direction (a factor of 12 for Fe81Ga19). Fe-based magnetostrictive materials are machineable, mechanically tough and relatively inexpensive. They can be used with tensile loading and saturate in fields of only a few hundred Oe, even under compressive loads up to -100 MPa. The effects of annealing single crystal Fe86.9Ga4.1Al9.0 and Fe86.9Ga8.7Al4.4 and polycrystalline Fe81.6Ga18.4 rods under stress were examined. Stress annealing allows the material to achieve most of its strain without applying a prestress, simplifying device design. Most importantly, it allows the materials to operate magnetostrictively under a tensile load. Annealing was performed in a vacuum furnace with a -100 MPa stress for 10 minutes. The Fe-Ga-Al samples were annealed at 700degreesC and the Fe-Ga samples at 625degreesC. The magnetostriction was determined before and after stress annealing using compressive stresses of -0.7 MPa to -28 MPa for the Fe-Ga-Al samples and from -0 to -97 MPa for the Fe-Ga samples. One of the stress annealed Fe81.6Ga18.4 samples was measured under tensile stresses up to 34 MPa. After annealing, all samples showed full performance at near-zero stresses and tensile stress up to +20 MPa. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Wun-Fogle, M (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 4 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5304-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5387 BP 468 EP 475 DI 10.1117/12.539922 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BAS07 UT WOS:000223342000049 ER PT S AU Naciri, J Srinivasan, A Ratna, BR AF Naciri, J Srinivasan, A Ratna, BR BE BarCohen, Y TI Liquid crystal elastomer for artificial muscle applications SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2004: ELECTROACTIVE POLYMER ACTUATORS AND DEVICES (EAPAD) SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2004 Conference CY MAR 15-18, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Expt Mech, Boeing Co, Journal Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada ID ACTUATORS; POLYMERS AB Novel liquid crystalline elastomers with properties that mimic the action of a muscle have been developed. Uniaxial contraction of free standing film of the material can be achieved by heating the film through the nematic to isotropic phase transition. Thermoelastic response shows strain changes through the nematic-isotropic phase transition of about 30-35%. Retractive force of nearly 450 kPa was measured in the isotropic phase. Static workloop studies show that the visco-elastic losses in these materials to be very small. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Naciri, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Ovelook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5302-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5385 BP 548 EP 554 DI 10.1117/12.562494 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Polymer Science GA BAS49 UT WOS:000223368700064 ER PT S AU Kim, C Wu, CCM Bender, B AF Kim, C Wu, CCM Bender, B BE Flatau, AB TI Torsional actuator motor using solid freeform fabricated PZT ceramics SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2004: SMART STRUCTURES AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2004 Conference CY MAR 15-18, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Expt Mech, Boeing Co, Journal Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada AB A torsional actuator has been developed at NRL utilizing the high piezoelectric shear coefficient, d(15). This torsional actuator uses an even number of alternately poled segments of electroactive PZT. Under an applied electric field, the torsional actuator produces large angular displacement and a high torque. The solid freeform fabrication technique of the laminated object manufacturing (LOM) is used for rapid prototyping of torsional actuator with potential cost and time saving. First step to demonstrate the feasibility of the LOM technique for the torsional actuator device fabrication is to make near net shape segments. We report a prototype PZT torsional actuator using LOM prepared PZT-5A segments. Fabrication processes and test results are described. The torsional actuator PZT-5A tube has dimensions of 13 cm long, 2.54 cm OD and 1.9 cm ID. Although the piezoelectric strain is small, it may be converted into large displacement via accumulation of the small single cycle displacements over many cycles using AC driving voltage such as with a rotary 'inchworm' actuator or an ultrasonic rotary motor. A working prototype of a full-cycle motor driven by the piezoelectric torsional actuator has been achieved. The rotational speed is 1,200 rpm under 200 V/cm field at the resonant frequency of 4.5 kHz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6350, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5307-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5390 BP 439 EP 450 DI 10.1117/12.539218 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BAV92 UT WOS:000223848600045 ER PT J AU Karr, LA AF Karr, LA TI Untitled SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Karr, LA (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2004 VL 13 IS 6 BP 531 EP 531 DI 10.1080/1532038049089632 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872XI UT WOS:000225242300001 ER PT J AU Ringelberg, DB Reynolds, CM AF Ringelberg, DB Reynolds, CM TI Microbial community composition near depleted uranium impact points SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE depleted uranium (DU); munitions; ester-linked polar lipid fatty acids (PLFA); microbial community composition ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; HEAVY-METALS; SELECTIVE ACCUMULATION; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS; HEXAVALENT URANIUM; FATTY-ACIDS; MICROORGANISMS; REDUCTION; DIVERSITY AB Military training activities can result in the deposition of depleted uranium (DU) into surface soils. Mechanisms of introduction include the generation of dust from firing and impact as well as the eventual corrosion of projectile fragments and unexploded ordnance. Microorganisms in surface soils have the potential to affect the transport of DU by direct binding of the metal to the cell surface, by altering nearfield soil chemistry that affects metal solubility, and by microbially influenced corrosion. We investigated the response (in terms of community composition) of a native soil microbiota to the presence of DU in an and environment. Bacteria in soils outside of the test area were challenged in dilute media with "yellow cake" or U3O8. At concentrations of 200 to 20,000 mg L-1 only species of Bacillus were identified. In situ characterizations (by PLFA analysis) of exposed site soils showed an enrichment in sulfate reducing bacterial (i17:1w7c up 39%) and Bacillus species (a15:0 tip 35%) biomarkers. Three types of microbial communities were defined (as PLFA profiles) using exploratory statistics and related to three different levels of DU exposure. The community types were then statistically, corresponded to site soil chemistry. Observed differences in site soil chemistry were attributed to munitions firing since enrichments (unexposed to exposed) were, observed in the minerals magnesium (increase of similar to18 mg kg(-1)), potassium (increase of similar to46 mg kg(-1)) and sulfur (increase of similar to12 mg kg(-1)), all constituents of munitions residues. Increased concentrations of these minerals corresponded with a community ope that was associated with an area of extensive DU round use. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Erdc, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Ringelberg, DB (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Erdc, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM David.B.Ringelberg@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2004 VL 13 IS 6 BP 563 EP 577 DI 10.1080/15320380490897669 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872XI UT WOS:000225242300004 ER PT B AU Vourlidas, A AF Vourlidas, A BE Gary, DE Keller, CU TI Radio observations of coronal mass ejections SO SOLAR AND SPACE WEATHER RADIOPHYSICS: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS SE ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar and Space Weather Radiophysics held at the 200th American-Astronomical-Society Meeting CY JUN, 2002 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Astron Soc DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections; Sun : radio ID JOINT NANCAY RADIOHELIOGRAPH; SOLAR MAXIMUM MISSION; II BURSTS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; WIND SPACECRAFT; EVENT; WAVES; SUN AB In this chapter we review the status of CME observations in radio wavelengths with an emphasis on imaging. It is an area of renewed interest since 1996 due to the upgrade of the Nanqay Radioheliograph in conjunction with the continuous coverage of the solar corona from the EIT and LASCO instruments aboard SOHO. Also covered are analyses of Nobeyama Radioheliograph data and spectral data from a plethora of spectrographs around the world. We will point out the shortcomings of the current instrumentation and the ways that FASR could contribute. A summary of the current understanding of the physical processes that are involved in the radio emission from CMEs is be given. C1 USN, Res Lab, Solar Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vourlidas, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Solar Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 91 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2813-X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2004 VL 314 BP 223 EP 242 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBO84 UT WOS:000226770500011 ER PT B AU Magara, T AF Magara, T BE Sakurai, T Sekii, T TI Injection of magnetic energy and magnetic helicity into the solar atmosphere by an emerging magnetic flux tube SO Solar-B Mission and the Forefront of Solar Physics, Proceedings SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Solar-B Science Meeting CY NOV 12-14, 2003 CL Int House Japan, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Int House Japan AB In this paper we present a three-dimensional MHD simulation of a magnetic flux tube emerging into the solar atmosphere from below the surface. The aim of this study is to investigate how the magnetic energy and magnetic helicity are injected into the atmosphere by an emerging flux tube. We show the temporal development of gas motions and magnetic polarity regions at the photosphere, both of which are key factors affecting the injection of magnetic energy and magnetic helicity. At the early phase of emergence, the dipolar structure of magnetic field appears at the photosphere with a diverging flow. Then as inner field lines of the flux tube emerge into the photosphere, a shearing flow arises and the dipolar structure is changed to quadrupolar structure at the late phase. The magnetic energy and magnetic helicity are injected by vertical motions at the early phase, while shearing motions become a dominant contributor to injecting those at the late phase. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Magara, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-187-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 325 BP 185 EP 189 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCY30 UT WOS:000231851500023 ER PT S AU Gopalswamy, N Nunes, S Yashiro, S Howard, RA AF Gopalswamy, N Nunes, S Yashiro, S Howard, RA BE Pap, JM Kuhn, J Labitzke, K Shea, MA TI Variability of solar eruptions during cycle 23 SO SOLAR VARIABILITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE solar activity; coronal mass ejections; solar cycles; solar radio bursts ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; WIND SPACECRAFT; WAVES; BURSTS; ORIGIN; EARTH; RADIO AB We report on the solar cycle variation of the rate of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), their mean and median speeds, and the rate of type II radio bursts. We found that both CME rate and speed (mean and median) increased from solar minimum to maximum by factors of 10 and 2, respectively. The CME rate during solar maximum is nearly twice the rates quoted previously. Large spikes in the speed variation were due to active regions that were highly active. The poor correlation between metric and DH type II bursts is confirmed, and the difference is attributed to the different Alfven speeds in the respective source regions. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Bldg 26,Room G-1,Mailcode 682-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM gopals@fugee.gsfe.nasa.gov RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 34 IS 2 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.10.054 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAS51 UT WOS:000223368900028 ER PT S AU Schmieder, B Vincent, B Baumjohann, W Ono, T Basu, S Lean, J AF Schmieder, B Vincent, B Baumjohann, W Ono, T Basu, S Lean, J BE Pap, JM Kuhn, J Labitzke, K Shea, MA TI Climate and weather of the Sun-Earth system: CAWSES SO SOLAR VARIABILITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE climate and weather; the Sun-Earth System; CAWSES AB SCOSTEP's mission is to implement research programs in solar-terrestrial physics that can benefit from international participation and involve at least two of its participating ICSU bodies. Some past SCOSTEP programs have been comprehensive in nature such that virtually all of SCOSTEP's energy was dedicated to the implementation of one large program. Examples of these were SCOSTEP's STEP program in 1990-1995, the MAP program in 1982-1985, and the IMS in 1976-1979. This document sets forth the case for a major future SCOSTEP program called CAWSES (Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System), to be implemented in the period 2004-2008. (C) 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Dept Geophys & Astron, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. USAF Lab, Washington, DC USA. NRL, Washington, DC USA. RP Schmieder, B (reprint author), Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM brigitte.schmieder@obspm.fr RI Baumjohann, Wolfgang/A-1012-2010; OI Baumjohann, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6271-0110; Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 34 IS 2 BP 443 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.12.010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAS51 UT WOS:000223368900036 ER PT S AU Roelof, EC Andrews, GB Liewer, PC Moses, D AF Roelof, EC Andrews, GB Liewer, PC Moses, D BE Pap, JM Kuhn, J Labitzke, K Shea, MA TI Telemachus: a mission for a polar view of solar activity SO SOLAR VARIABILITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE Telemachus; solar physics; solar polar flows; helioseismology; solar wind; heliospheric magnetic field; solar energetic particles AB Telemachus is a polar solar-heliospheric mission described in the current NASA Sun-Earth Connections Roadmap (2003-2028). To continue the quest begun by Ulysses, Telemachus will be injected into a 0.2 AU x 2.5 AU solar polar orbit after gravitational encounters with Venus, Earth (twice) and Jupiter, followed by a maneuver at first perihelion. With an orbital period of 1.5 years, it will pass over the solar poles at a radial distance of 0.37 AU. The behavior of solar polar flows (heretofore unobservable) will provide critical boundary conditions on the transport of solar magnetic fields. Manifestations of the global flows and fields are the solar dynamo, formation of active regions, emission of the solar wind and the heliospheric magnetic field, launching of coronal mass ejections, eruption of solar flares, acceleration of solar energetic particles, and ultimately the dynamics of the entire heliosphere. (C) 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roelof, EC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM edmond.roelof@jhuapl.edu NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 34 IS 2 BP 467 EP 471 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.01.014 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAS51 UT WOS:000223368900040 ER PT S AU Beasley, MA Firebaugh, SL Edwards, RL Keeney, AC Osiander, R AF Beasley, MA Firebaugh, SL Edwards, RL Keeney, AC Osiander, R BE ElGenk, MS TI Microfabricated thermal switches for emittance control SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2004) CY FEB 08-11, 2004 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Gen Autom, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Sandia Natl Labs, US DOE AB The trend to smaller satellites with limited resources in weight and power requires a new approach to thermal control to replace heaters with emittance-controlled radiators. There are a number of approaches to variable emittance radiators such as variable emittance coatings or louvers. This paper describes an actively controlled radiator based on a micro electromechanical (MEMS) thermal switch. The switch operates by electrostatically switching a high emittance membrane in and out of contact with the substrate. The radiator is covered with an array of large numbers of these switches, which allows an almost digital control of the apparent emittance of the radiator. The thermal and electromechanical design of the MEMS device is discussed. A proof-of-concept design has been fabricated and tested that uses a gold membrane suspended on polymer posts. In the open position, actuation voltages range from 8 to 25 volts; this was consistent with our electromechanical model for the devices. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Beasley, MA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Osiander, Robert/J-5781-2015 OI Osiander, Robert/0000-0001-9672-5513 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0171-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 699 BP 119 EP 125 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BY68D UT WOS:000189437600015 ER PT S AU Bosse, AB Barnds, WJ Brown, MA Creamer, NG Feerst, A Henshaw, CG Hope, AS Kelm, BE Klein, PA Pipitone, F Plourde, BE Whalen, BP AF Bosse, AB Barnds, WJ Brown, MA Creamer, NG Feerst, A Henshaw, CG Hope, AS Kelm, BE Klein, PA Pipitone, F Plourde, BE Whalen, BP BE Tchoryk, P Wright, M TI SUMO: spacecraft for the universal modification of orbits SO SPACECRAFT PLATFORMS AND INFRASTRUCTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Spacecraft Platforms and Infrastructure CY APR 14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE space tug; adaptive robotic manipulators; machine vision; end effectors; pose estimation; spacecraft servicing; autonomous rendezvous; proximity operations; de-orbit; on-orbit assembly AB SUMO, or Spacecraft for the Universal Modification of Orbits, is a risk reduction program for an advanced servicing spacecraft sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and executed by the Naval Center for Space Technology at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC. The purpose of the program is to demonstrate the integration of machine vision, robotics, mechanisms, and autonomous control algorithms to accomplish autonomous rendezvous and grapple of a variety of interfaces traceable to future spacecraft servicing operations. The laboratory demonstration is being implemented in NRL's Proximity Operations Test Facility, which provides precise six degree of freedom motion control for both the servicer and customer spacecraft platforms. This paper will describe the conceptual design of the SUMO advanced servicing spacecraft, a concept for a near term low-cost flight demonstration, as well as plans and status for the laboratory demonstration. In addition, component requirements for the various spacecraft subsystems will be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bosse, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5342-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5419 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1117/12.547714 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BAX95 UT WOS:000224149300004 ER PT S AU Romano, M AF Romano, M BE Tchoryk, P Wright, M TI An on-the-ground simulator of autonomous docking and spacecraft servicing for research and education SO SPACECRAFT PLATFORMS AND INFRASTRUCTURE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Spacecraft Platforms and Infrastructure CY APR 14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB On-orbit spacecraft servicing has become a realistic and promising space mission. The Autonomous Docking and Spacecraft Servicing Simulator (AUDASS), introduced in this paper, is a research facility for on-the-ground testing of proximity navigation, docking and satellite servicing technologies and for the experimental verification of dynamics models and control laws. Moreover, the test-bed constitutes a valuable educational tool for the university students directly involved in its design and exploitation. This paper presents the current status of the on-going development of the AUDASS simulator and reports the results of some preliminary tests. The AUDASS system consists of two independent robotic vehicles, a chaser and a target. The vehicles float, via air pads, on a polished granite table providing a frictionless support for the simulation in 2-D of the micro-gravity dynamics. The introduction of the paper provides a wide overview of the on-going research efforts to make autonomous docking and servicing of spacecraft a reality. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, 699 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM mromano@nps.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5342-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5419 BP 142 EP 151 DI 10.1117/12.541141 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BAX95 UT WOS:000224149300013 ER PT S AU Warren, HP AF Warren, Harry P. BA Dupree, AK BF Dupree, AK TI The magnetic corona: Magnetic reconnection in solar flares SO STARS AS SUNS: ACTIVITY, EVOLUTION AND PLANETS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 219th IAU Symposium on Stars as Suns - Activity, Evolution, and Planets CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union ID ACTIVE-REGION LOOPS; X-RAY TELESCOPE; TRANSITION-REGION; EXPLORER; DYNAMICS; TRACE; SIMULATIONS; PLASMA; MODEL; VIEW AB The ability of the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) to image the Sun at high spatial resolution and high cadence over a very broad range of temperatures makes it a unique instrument for observing solar flare plasma. TRACE observations have confirmed the reconnection model for solar flares, at least qualitatively. TRACE flare observations show impulsive footpoint brightenings that are followed by the formation of high-temperature loops in the corona. These loops then cool to lower temperatures, forming post-flare loop arcades. Comparisons between TRACE and lower spatial resolution Yohkoh Soft X-Ray Telescope (SXT) observations have revealed that solar flares are composed of a multitude of fine coronal loops. Detailed hydrodynamic modeling of flare light curves shows that this fine scale structuring is crucial to understanding the evolution of the observed emission. Models based on single, isothermal loops are not consistent with the TRACE observations. Models based on the sequential heating of small-scale loops, in contrast, are able to reproduce many of the salient features of the observed light curves. We will discuss the implication of these results for more energetic stellar flares as well as smaller-scale events that may be responsible for the heating of solar active region loops. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-163-X J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 VL 2004 IS 219 BP 91 EP 102 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFN67 UT WOS:000243338300010 ER PT S AU Share, GH Murphy, RJ AF Share, Gerald H. Murphy, Ronald J. BA Dupree, AK BF Dupree, AK TI Solar gamma-ray line spectroscopy - Physics of a flaring star SO Stars as Suns: Activity, Evolution and Planets SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 219th IAU Symposium on Stars as Suns - Activity, Evolution, and Planets CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union ID ACCELERATED ALPHA-PARTICLES; MAGNETIC LOOPS; FLARES; DIRECTIONALITY; ABUNDANCES; EMISSION; SUN AB We discuss how gamma-ray spectroscopy provides information about the acceleration and transport of electrons and ions in solar flares, and their interaction with the solar atmosphere. Temporal studies illuminate differences in the acceleration and transport of electrons and ions. Nuclear line studies reveal the elemental abundance, density, and temperature of the ambient solar atmosphere; and the spectrum, composition, and directionality of the accelerated ions. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Share, GH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-163-X J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 VL 2004 IS 219 BP 133 EP 144 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFN67 UT WOS:000243338300015 ER PT S AU Phillips, KJH Sylwester, J Sylwester, B Landi, E AF Phillips, K. J. H. Sylwester, J. Sylwester, B. Landi, E. BA Dupree, AK BF Dupree, AK TI Abundances of potassium, argon, and sulphur in solar flares SO Stars as Suns: Activity, Evolution and Planets SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 219th IAU Symposium on Stars as Suns - Activity, Evolution, and Planets CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union ID ELEMENT ABUNDANCES; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; CHIANTI; SUN AB Observations of the 3.3-6.1 A X-ray line and continuous spectrum during four long-duration flares with the RESIK crystal spectrometer on the Coronas-F spacecraft have been analyzed to get the absolute abundances of potassium, argon, and sulphur. A differential emission measure of the form DEM alpha exp(-T-e/T-0) was found to give the most consistent results of three models including an isothermal model. We obtained K/H = (3.7 +/- 1.0) X 10(-7), a factor 3 times photospheric; Ar/H (2.8 +/- 0.2) X 10(-6), slightly lower than photospheric; and S/H = (2.2 +/- 0.4) x 10(-5), approximately equal to photospheric. These measurements are consistent with a pattern in which elements with low (< 10 eV) first ionization potential are enriched in the corona by a factor of about 3 and elements of high first ionization potential have abundances approximately equal to photospheric. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Ctr Space Res, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phillips, KJH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 682, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-163-X J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 VL 2004 IS 219 BP 176 EP 180 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFN67 UT WOS:000243338300019 ER PT S AU Richards, MT Waltman, EB Chigo, FD Richards, DSP AF Richards, Mercedes T. Waltman, Elizabeth B. Chigo, Frank D. Richards, Donald St. P. BA Dupree, AK BF Dupree, AK TI Periodicities of radio flares in RS CVn and Algol binaries SO Stars as Suns: Activity, Evolution and Planets SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 219th IAU Symposium on Stars as Suns - Activity, Evolution, and Planets CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union AB Periodicities of radio flaring activity from the Algol systems 0 Per and 6 Lib and the RS CVn systems V711 Tau and UX Ari were determined from a continuous 5-year survey. The radio continuum fluxes at 2.3 GHz and 8.3 GHz were monitored with the NRAO-Green Bank Interferometer for 2096 days from 1995 January to 2000 October. The maximum detected flare strengths at 8.3 GHz were 1.17 Jy for beta Per, 0.034 Jy for delta Lib, 1.44 Jy for V711 Tau, and 0.82 Jy for UX Ari. Power Spectrum Analysis and Phase Dispersion Minimization were used to determine the periodicity of flaring activity in each binary. The strongest periodicities found were 48.9 days for beta Per, 120.7 days for V711 Tau, and 141.4 days for UX Ari. No significant periodicities were found for delta Lib. The continuous survey has demonstrated that there are active and quiescent flaring cycles in V711 Tau and beta Per. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Richards, MT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-163-X J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 VL 2004 IS 219 BP 181 EP 185 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFN67 UT WOS:000243338300020 ER PT S AU Dwivedi, BN Mohan, A Landi, E AF Dwivedi, B. N. Mohan, A. Landi, E. BA Dupree, AK BF Dupree, AK TI FIP effect and FIP-dependent bias in the solar corona SO Stars as Suns: Activity, Evolution and Planets SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 219th IAU Symposium on Stars as Suns - Activity, Evolution, and Planets CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union AB Using EUV spectra of an active region observed off the solar disk by the SOHO/SUMER spectrograph on the SOHO spacecraft, we investigate the dependence of the FIP effect on the height above the photosphere, and its relation to plasma magnetic structures present in the field of view. We also investigate the possibility of the FIP bias in the low-FIP elements to be FIP-dependent, so that different abundance anomalies must be found even within the low-FIP class of elements, which can provide important constraints on the FIP effect models. C1 Banaras Hindu Univ, Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dwivedi, BN (reprint author), Banaras Hindu Univ, Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-163-X J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 VL 2004 IS 219 BP 493 EP 497 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFN67 UT WOS:000243338300061 ER PT S AU Landi, E Landini, M AF Landi, E. Landini, M. BA Dupree, AK BF Dupree, AK TI Active region loop models and observations SO Stars as Suns: Activity, Evolution and Planets SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 219th IAU Symposium on Stars as Suns - Activity, Evolution, and Planets CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union AB In the present work we compare CDS observations of active region loops and predictions from a steady-state theoretical model developed assuming different functional forms of steady-state loop heating. The present work shows that in no case agreement with observations is achieved, that filamentation is present, and that despite its limitation, CDS is a precious tool for loop physics. C1 Artep Inc, Elliot City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florence, I-51025 Florence, Italy. RP Landi, E (reprint author), Artep Inc, Elliot City, MD 21042 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-163-X J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 VL 2004 IS 219 BP 557 EP 561 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFN67 UT WOS:000243338300069 ER PT B AU Magno, R Boos, JB Campbell, PM Bennett, BR Glaser, ER Tinkham, BP Ancona, MG Hobart, KD Papanicolaou, NA Ikossi, K Kruppa, W Park, D Shanabrook, BV Mittereder, J Chang, W Bass, R Mohney, SE Wang, S Robinson, J Tsai, R Barsky, M Lange, MD Gutierrez, A AF Magno, R Boos, JB Campbell, PM Bennett, BR Glaser, ER Tinkham, BP Ancona, MG Hobart, KD Papanicolaou, NA Ikossi, K Kruppa, W Park, D Shanabrook, BV Mittereder, J Chang, W Bass, R Mohney, SE Wang, S Robinson, J Tsai, R Barsky, M Lange, MD Gutierrez, A BE Buckley, DN Chang, PC Fox, PD Chan, WK Shiojima, K TI Low-power, high-speed Sb-based HEMTs and HBTS SO STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS XL (SOTAPOCS XL) AND NARROW BANDGAP OPTOELECTRONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES II SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors (SOTAPOCS XL)/2nd Narrow Bandgap Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Symposium CY MAY 09-14, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Electrochem Soc, Electron Div ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; INAS/ALSB QUANTUM-WELLS; ALSB/INAS HEMTS; HIGH-TRANSCONDUCTANCE; LOW-VOLTAGE; INALAS/INGAAS/INP HEMTS; GALLIUM ANTIMONIDE; INAS; GATE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB Several recent advances have been made in the development of a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) and heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) in the InAs, AlSb, and Gash material system. Research has led to the development of the technology to manufacture AlSb/InAs HEMTS on a large scale. Along with this work, improvements have been made in the device operation. The power dissipation of the AlSb/InAs HEMTs has been found to be as little as one fifth that of an InAlAs/InGaAs HEMT operating at equivalent frequencies. An HBT with a p-type InGaSb base with a 0.5 eV bandgap has recently been made. The collector and emitter are made of n-type InAlAsSb alloys. The small bandgap of the base is an important ingredient in developing an HBT that operates at low bias, and therefore low power dissipation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Magno, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-407-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2004 VL 2004 IS 2 BP 191 EP 204 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAH42 UT WOS:000222222800027 ER PT S AU Colon, MA AF Colon, MA BE Giacobazzi, R TI Approximating the algebraic relational semantics of imperative programs SO STATIC ANALYSIS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Static Analysis Symposium (SAS 2004) CY AUG 26-28, 2004 CL Verona, ITALY ID SYSTEMS AB We present a novel static analysis for approximating the algebraic relational semantics of imperative programs. Our method is based on abstract interpretation in the lattice of polynomial pseudo ideals of bounded degree - finite-dimensional vector spaces of polynomials of bounded degree which are closed under bounded degree products. For a fixed bound, the space complexity of our approach and the iterations required to converge on fixed points are bounded by a polynomial in the number of program variables. Nevertheless, for several programs taken from the literature on non-linear polynomial invariant generation, our analysis produces results that are as precise as those produced by more heavy-weight Grobner basis methods. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Colon, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM colon@itd.nr1.navy.mil NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22791-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3148 BP 296 EP 311 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAU83 UT WOS:000223655800022 ER PT B AU Solka, JL Wegman, EJ Marchette, DJ AF Solka, JL Wegman, EJ Marchette, DJ BE Bozdogan, H TI Data mining strategies for the detection of chemical warfare agents SO STATISTICAL DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT C Warren Neel International Conference on Statistical Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery CY JUN 22-25, 2002 CL Knoxville, TN SP Dept Statist, Coll Business Adm, SAS Inst, Univ Tennessee Sci Alliance, Off Res Adm, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Informat Technol & Res, Statist Innovat Inc, Classificat Soc N Amer AB This paper discusses a classification system for the detection of various chemical warfare agents. The data were collected as part of the Shipboard Automatic Liquid (Chemical) Agent Detection (SALAD) system. This system is designed to detect chemical agents onboard naval vessels. We explore the intricacies associated with the construction of various classification systems. Along the way we take time to explore some applications of recently developed statistical procedures in visualization and density estimation to this discriminant analysis problem. We focus our discussion on all phases of the discriminant analysis problem. In the exploratory data analysis phase we provide results that detail the use of histograms, scatter plots and parallel coordinate plots for the selection of feature subsets that are fortuitous to the discriminant analysis problem and the discernment of high dimensional data structure. In the discriminant analysis phase we discuss several semiparametric density estimation procedures along with classical kernel, classification and regression trees, and k-nearest-neighbors based approaches. These discussions include some illustrations of the use of a new parallel coordinates framework for the visualization of high dimensional mixture models. We close our discussions with a comparison of the performance of the various techniques through a study of the associated confusion matrices. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, NSWCDD, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Solka, JL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, NSWCDD, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 1-58488-344-8 PY 2004 BP 79 EP 92 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BY55X UT WOS:000189408200004 ER PT S AU Schedler, K Jones, LR Mussari, R AF Schedler, Kuno Jones, Lawrence R. Mussari, Riccardo BE Jones, L Schedler, K Mussari, R TI ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT REFORM AND STRATEGY SO STRATEGIES FOR PUBLIC MANAGEMENT REFORM SE Research in Public Policy Analysis and Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Schedler, Kuno] Univ St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland. [Jones, Lawrence R.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Mussari, Riccardo] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy. RP Schedler, K (reprint author), Univ St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 0732-1317 BN 978-0-7623-1031-9 J9 RES PUBLIC POLICY AN PY 2004 VL 13 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/S0723-1318(04)13001-6 PG 15 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BLR46 UT WOS:000270868500001 ER PT S AU Jones, LR Mussari, R AF Jones, Lawrence R. Mussari, Riccardo BE Jones, L Schedler, K Mussari, R TI MANAGEMENT CONTROL REFORM IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: CONTRASTING THE USA AND ITALY SO STRATEGIES FOR PUBLIC MANAGEMENT REFORM SE Research in Public Policy Analysis and Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jones, Lawrence R.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Mussari, Riccardo] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy. RP Jones, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 0732-1317 BN 978-0-7623-1031-9 J9 RES PUBLIC POLICY AN PY 2004 VL 13 BP 205 EP 226 DI 10.1016/S0723-1318(04)13009-0 PG 22 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BLR46 UT WOS:000270868500009 ER PT S AU Jones, LR Kettl, DF AF Jones, Lawrence R. Kettl, Donald F. BE Jones, L Schedler, K Mussari, R TI ASSESSING PUBLIC MANAGEMENT REFORM STRATEGY IN AN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT SO STRATEGIES FOR PUBLIC MANAGEMENT REFORM SE Research in Public Policy Analysis and Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jones, Lawrence R.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Kettl, Donald F.] Univ Winsconsin Madison, Madison, WI USA. RP Jones, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 0732-1317 BN 978-0-7623-1031-9 J9 RES PUBLIC POLICY AN PY 2004 VL 13 BP 453 EP 473 DI 10.1016/S0723-1318(04)13018-1 PG 21 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BLR46 UT WOS:000270868500018 ER PT S AU Gopalswamy, N Shimojo, M Lu, W Yashiro, S Shibasaki, K Howard, RA AF Gopalswamy, N Shimojo, M Lu, W Yashiro, S Shibasaki, K Howard, RA BE VonSteiger, R Lui, ATY Newell, PT Troshhichev, OA TI On coronal streamer changes SO STREAMERS, SLOW SOLAR WIND, AND THE DYNAMICS OF THE MAGNETOSPHERE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE coronal mass ejections; coronal streamers; prominence eruptions; solar eruptions ID MASS EJECTION; PROMINENCE; EVOLUTION AB Coronal streamer represents one of the pre-eruption configurations of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), because they overlie prominences and often possess all the substructures of CMEs. In this paper, we report on a study of streamer changes associated with prominence eruptions. The prominence eruptions and streamer changes were observed by the Nobeyama radioheliograph and Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), respectively. Multiwavelength data showed that at least one of the streamer events involved heating and small-scale material ejection that subsequently stalled. After presenting illustrative examples, we compare the properties of the streamer-related events with those of general population of prominence events. We find that the properties of streamer-related prominence events are closer to those of prominence eruptions with transverse trajectories. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Nobeyama Radio Observ, Minamisa Ku, Nagano 3841305, Japan. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mailcode 695-0,Bldg 21,Room 260, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM gopals@fugee.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; OI Shimojo, Masumi/0000-0002-2350-3749 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 676 EP 680 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00236-9 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAD22 UT WOS:000221642000002 ER PT J AU Hoffman, B McCormick, GH AF Hoffman, Bruce McCormick, Gordon H. TI Terrorism, Signaling, and Suicide Attack SO STUDIES IN CONFLICT & TERRORISM LA English DT Article AB This article examines the strategic utility of suicide terrorism. Suicide terrorism, we suggest, can be thought of as a form of strategic "signaling." We define terrorism as a signaling game in which terrorist attacks are used to communicate a group's character and objectives to a set of target audiences. This is followed by an examination of the utility of suicide attacks as a signaling tactic. The relative effectiveness of suicide operations is evaluated in relation to other tactical options that are traditionally available to terrorist organizations. We go on to examine the institutional and social context of suicide terrorism, concluding with an examination of the evolutionary use of suicide attacks by Palestinian terrorist organizations and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. C1 [Hoffman, Bruce] RAND, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. [McCormick, Gordon H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Hoffman, B (reprint author), RAND, 1200 S Hayes, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. EM hoffman@rand.org; gmccormick@nps.navy.mil NR 129 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 5 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1057-610X J9 STUD CONFL TERROR JI Stud. Confl. Terror. PY 2004 VL 27 IS 4 BP 243 EP 281 DI 10.1080/10576100490466498 PG 39 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA V22QY UT WOS:000208290900001 ER PT B AU Pande, CS Masumura, RA AF Pande, CS Masumura, RA BE Mukhopadhyay, SM Seal, S Dahotre, N Agarwal, A Smugeresky, JE Moody, N TI Superconducting and mechanical aspects of nanocrystalline systems SO SURFACES AND INTERFACES IN NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS AND TRENDS IN LIGA, MINIATURIZATION, AND NANOSCALE MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Global Innovations Symposium held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Mat Proc & Mfg Div ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; CRITICAL CURRENTS; MODEL; DEPENDENCE; BICRYSTALS; SIZE AB The critical current (J(c)) of superconductors and mechanical strength of normal materials depend sensitively on grain size, leading to a potentially high J(c) in fine grained superconductors and the mechanical softening (Inverse Hall-Petch) in normal nanocrystalline systems. This paper will discuss the physical mechanisms leading to these results and present analytical expressions describing these properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-566-2 PY 2004 BP 13 EP 21 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79E UT WOS:000189464100002 ER PT B AU Cooper, KP AF Cooper, KP BE Mukhopadhyay, SM Seal, S Dahotre, N Agarwal, A Smugeresky, JE Moody, N TI Nanoimprint technology: A low cost, mass manufacture of nanostructures SO SURFACES AND INTERFACES IN NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS AND TRENDS IN LIGA, MINIATURIZATION, AND NANOSCALE MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Global Innovations Symposium held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Mat Proc & Mfg Div DE nanomanufacturing; nanoimprinting; nanostructures ID IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION AB Nano manufacturing seeks to exploit new opportunities from the manipulation of physical, mechanical, chemical and biological processes at the nano-scale in order to produce new materials with unique properties and new devices with unique functionalities. One nanomanufacturing technology that is receiving attention is nanoimprinting. It involves using a rigid or flexible mold to imprint nano-scale forms into resist-coated materials. After reactive ion etching and lift-off, nanostructures are produced in silicon and other materials. The technique is now capable of producing simple structures, such as periodic gratings and gates. Nanoimprinting is being promoted as a means to break the barrier that optical lithography will face as the demand increases for smaller feature (<100nm) and device sizes. A variant of nanoimprinting is laser-assisted direct imprinting (LADI). It consists of directly imprinting nanostructures in rapidly melted surfaces. This paper will review the requirements for nanomanufacturing, the current status of nanoimprinting and materials-related issues facing techniques such as direct imprinting. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6325,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-566-2 PY 2004 BP 359 EP 368 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79E UT WOS:000189464100054 ER PT S AU Jouet, RJ Warren, AD Rosenberg, DM Bellitto, VJ AF Jouet, RJ Warren, AD Rosenberg, DM Bellitto, VJ BE Armstrong, R Thadhani, N Wilson, W Gilman, J Simpson, R TI Surface passivation of bare aluminum nanoparticles using perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids SO SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPERTIES OF ENERGETIC/REACTIVE NANOMATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Energetic/Reactive Nanomaterials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ORGANIZED MOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES; NORMAL-ALKANOIC ACIDS; ADSORPTION; AL(111); DECOMPOSITION; COPPER; SILVER AB Surface passivation of unpassivated Al nanoparticles has been realized using self assembled monolayers (SAMs). Nanoscale Al particles were prepared in solution by catalytic decomposition of H3Al.NMe3 or H3Al.N(Me)Pyr by Ti((OPr)-Pr-/)(4) and coated in situ using a perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid SAM. Because the Al particles are prepared using wet chemistry techniques and coated in solution, they are free of oxygen passivation. This SAM coating passivates the aluminum and seems to prevent the oxidation of the particles in air and renders the composite material, to some extent, soluble in polar organic solvents such as diethyl ether. Characterization data including SEM, TEM, TGA, and ATR-FTIR of prepared materials is presented. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Jouet, RJ (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-738-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 800 BP 67 EP 78 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BY95X UT WOS:000189504700007 ER PT S AU Fraedrich, DS Cahill, CP Gover, RE Miller, CD Shaw, PC Taczak, TM AF Fraedrich, DS Cahill, CP Gover, RE Miller, CD Shaw, PC Taczak, TM BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Incorporation of sea-surface clutter in infrared scenes for anti-ship cruise missile models SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS X: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds X CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic scene generation; sea surface clutter model; maritime targets and backgrounds ID GLINT AB Advanced techniques for generating infrared (IR) scenes of a maritime environment for use in an imaging infrared (IIR) Anti-Ship Cruise Missile (ASCM) are discussed. The enhancements include the incorporation of a cluttered sea surface using an improved version of the Mermelstein sea-surface model. The US Naval Research Laboratory has implemented this capability for generating uncorrelated clutter into IR scenes for use in the CRUISE-Missiles ASCM model. These techniques for capturing the more complex features of the environment will become increasingly important as more low-observable (LO) ships, advanced imaging ASCMs and new IR decoy techniques are designed and deployed. This paper presents the design and implementation of a static clutter model, as well as a qualitative validation of the synthesized scenes based on field data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fraedrich, DS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5354-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5431 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1117/12.542423 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW61 UT WOS:000223909000026 ER PT B AU Hsu, DSY Shaw, JL AF Hsu, DSY Shaw, JL BE Akinwande, AI Chen, L Kymissis, I Hong, C TI Robust and regenerable integrally gated carbon nanotube field emitter arrays SO TECHNICAL DIGEST OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL MIT, Cambridge, MA SP AVC, MIT, IEEE Elect Device Soc, Stellar Micro-Devices HO MIT C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hsu, DSY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8397-4 PY 2004 BP 218 EP 219 DI 10.1109/IVNC.2004.1354981 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BBC46 UT WOS:000224760000095 ER PT B AU Yater, JE Shih, A Butler, JE Pehrsson, PE AF Yater, JE Shih, A Butler, JE Pehrsson, PE BE Akinwande, AI Chen, L Kymissis, I Hong, C TI Effect of material properties on low-energy electron transmission in thin CVD diamond films SO TECHNICAL DIGEST OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL MIT, Cambridge, MA SP AVC, MIT, IEEE Elect Device Soc, Stellar Micro-Devices HO MIT C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yater, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8397-4 PY 2004 BP 238 EP 239 DI 10.1109/IVNC.2004.1354993 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BBC46 UT WOS:000224760000104 ER PT B AU Shaw, JL Hsu, DSY AF Shaw, JL Hsu, DSY BE Akinwande, AI Chen, L Kymissis, I Hong, C TI Method and structure for local emission regulation and arc prevention in field emitter arrays SO TECHNICAL DIGEST OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL MIT, Cambridge, MA SP AVC, MIT, IEEE Elect Device Soc, Stellar Micro-Devices HO MIT C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaw, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8397-4 PY 2004 BP 280 EP 281 DI 10.1109/IVNC.2004.1355015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BBC46 UT WOS:000224760000124 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Boylan, R Simons, GR AF Kostoff, RN Boylan, R Simons, GR TI Disruptive technology roadmaps SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE text mining; literature-based discovery; innovation; workshops; roadmaps; disruptive technologies; interdisciplinary; multidisciplinary; clustering ID LITERATURE-BASED DISCOVERY; FISH-OIL; DISCONTINUOUS INNOVATION; DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY; INFORMATION; SCIENCE; BIBLIOMETRICS; RAYNAUDS AB Disruptive technologies create growth in the industries they penetrate or create entirely new industries through the introduction of products and services that are dramatically cheaper, better, and more convenient. These disruptive technologies often disrupt workforce participation by allowing technologically unsophisticated individuals to enter and become competitive in the industrial workforce. Disruptive technologies offer a revolutionary change in the conduct of processes or operations. Disruptive technologies can evolve from the confluence of seemingly diverse technologies or can be a result of an entirely new technological investigation. Existing planning processes are notoriously poor in identifying the mix of sometimes highly disparate technologies required to address the multiple performance objectives of a particular niche in the market. For a number of reasons, especially the inability to look beyond short-term profitability, and the risk/return tradeoff of longer term projects, it is suggested that current strategic planning and management processes promote sustaining technologies at the expense of disruptive technologies. We propose a systematic approach to identify disruptive technologies that is realistic and operable and takes advantage of the text mining literature. This literature-based discovery process is especially useful in identifying potential disruptive technologies that may require the input from many diverse technological and management areas. We believe that this process holds great potential for identifying projects with a higher probability of downstream success. Further, we suggest a process to take the identified potential disruptive technology from the "idea stage" through to the development of a potentially feasible product for the market. This second stage makes use of workshops and roadmapping to codify the ideas of technological and management experts, who were identified in the literature-based discovery stage. Our goal is to describe and explain the pragmatic steps suggested by our innovative and practical process. The proposed process could identify technologies whose eventual development and application to specific problems would generate innovative products. The goal is to isolate technologies that have the potential to redefine an industry, or alternatively, have the potential to create an entirely new industrial setting. Use the text-mining component of literature-based discovery to identify both the technical disciplines that are likely candidates for disruptive technological products, and experts in these critical technical and managerial disciplines. While we know that this is but one way to investigate nascent disruptive technologies we feel it is imperative that the representatives of these potentially critical technical disciplines are included in the roadmap development process, either as implementers or as consultants. Every firm is looking for "the next great thing". Literature-based discovery offers a starting point for identifying at least a portion of the major contributory technical and managerial disciplines necessary for potential disruptive technologies and discontinuous innovations. Combining literature-based discovery with a practical workshop/roadmap process dramatically enhances the likelihood of success. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ N Florida, Coggin Coll Business, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Lally Sch Management & Technol, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil; boylancpa@attbi.com; simons@rpi.edu RI Kumar, Ajit/J-1617-2015 OI Kumar, Ajit/0000-0003-3255-5054 NR 42 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 9 U2 102 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 EI 1873-5509 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 71 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 159 DI 10.1016/S0040-1625(03)00048-9 PG 19 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 763DQ UT WOS:000188059900009 ER PT J AU McBride, WM AF McBride, WM TI Civil war ironclads: The US Navy and industrial mobilization. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McBride, WM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 1 BP 188 EP 189 DI 10.1353/tech.2004.0030 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 769NQ UT WOS:000188657000022 ER PT S AU Wu, DH Meyer, JR AF Wu, DH Meyer, JR BE Hwu, RJ Woolard, D TI Terahertz emission, detection and military applications SO TERAHERTZ FOR MILITARY AND SECURITY APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz for Military and Security Applications II CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE terahertz beam generator; optical parametric generator; electro-optics; focal-planearray; terahertz detector ID SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTOR; RADIATION; RANGE; LASER AB We review the current status of terahertz technologies, especially terahertz beam generators and detectors, which include those being developed in our laboratory. Of the many promising terahertz technologies, only a few may currently be suitable for military applications in the field, which require a high-power terahertz output and a high sensitivity in detection. In addition to these requirements, terahertz imaging for military applications demands focal-plane-arrayed detectors. Presently we are developing a terahertz source based on a modified difference-frequency technique, in which we employ an optical parametric method. We used a Nd:YAG Q-switched laser as a pump source, and LiNbO3 and GaSe crystals as the optical parametric medium. The phase matching condition is achieved by means of our new electro-optical tuning technique. Our preliminary experiments indicate that the new tuning technique enhances the terahertz-beam output power. Although the output power is currently unstable, our source can produce terahertz peak power as high as a few watts. For terahertz detection we use a Si-bolometer or an electro-optic (EO) detector. In addition to these sensors we are presently developing a new detector based on a quantum dot structure. The sensitivity of the quantum dot detector is expected to be about 10(-21) W/(Hz)(1/2) in terms of the noise equivalent power (NEP); this is orders of magnitude better than the sensitivity of our bolometer (10(-13) W/(Hz)(1/2)) at 4.2 K or our EO detector (10(-12) W/(Hz)(1/2)) at room temperature. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wu, DH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5334-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5411 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1117/12.549334 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ89 UT WOS:000224335100023 ER PT B AU Dutta, I Park, C Vella, J Pan, D AF Dutta, I Park, C Vella, J Pan, D BE Ernst, LJ Zhang, GQ Rodgers, P Leger, OD TI Interfacial sliding and plasticity in back-end interconnect structures of microelectronic devices SO THERMAL AND MECHANICAL SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTS IN MICROELECTRONICS AND MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Thermal and Mechanical Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems CY MAY 10-12, 2004 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP IEEE, CPMT, Philips Ctr Ind Technol, Philips Semiconductors, Robert BOSCH GmbH ID HIGH-DENSITY INTERCONNECTS; SI SUBSTRATE SYSTEMS; CU THIN-FILM; DEFORMATION; AL; STRESS; CREEP AB Interconnect structures at the back-end of microelectronic devices can deform via unusual, scale-sensitive phenomena due to thermo-mechanical loads sustained during processing, or during service as part of a microelectronic package. Although small, these effects can have a pronounced effect on component reliability. Here, we present results of atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies on Cu-low K dielectric (LKD) back-end interconnect structures (BEIS) to demonstrate these effects, which include creep/plasticity of interconnect lines, and diffusionally accommodated sliding at Cu-LKD interfaces. These effects may result in in-plane (IP) changes in Cu line dimensions, cause strain incompatibilities between Cu and LKD in the out-of-plane (OOP) direction, and cause Cu lines to migrate or crawl under far-field shear stresses imposed by the package. A previously reported shear-lag based model, which incorporates a constitutive interfacial sliding law developed by us earlier, is utilized to rationalize the observed OOP strain incompatibilites, which are likely to be of concern during back-end processing. We then present a micro-mechanical model to capture the combined effects of in-plane shear and normal plasticity of interconnect lines, accommodated by in-plane interfacial sliding, when a microelectronic device is thermo-mechanically cycled as part of a package. The results are used to rationalize observations of permanent shear deformation of Cu interconnects via in-situ hot-stage AFM studies on the cross-section of back-end structures under conditions of package-induced thermo-mechanical cycling. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Pan, Deng/C-2072-2009 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8420-2 PY 2004 BP 83 EP 90 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BAJ39 UT WOS:000222531700015 ER PT S AU Kendziora, CA Nolas, GS AF Kendziora, CA Nolas, GS BE Nolas, GS Yang, J Hogan, TP Johnson, DC TI Phonons and thermal conductivity in skutterudite thermoelectrics SO THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS 2003-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thermoelectric Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID FILLED SKUTTERUDITES; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; REFLECTION SPECTRA; HIGH-PRESSURE; COSB3; COAS3 AB We study Raman phonon vibrations and relate them to thermal conductivity for empty and filled skutterudites designed for thermoelectric applications, where low thermal conduction is critical. Polarized Raman scattering spectra of crystallite and polycrystalline samples are compared with theoretical predictions and analyzed in comparison to the thermal conduction properties. Our emphasis is on the CoSb3 skutterudite and its filled derivatives, including materials with Ge, Sn, and La in the cages. We observe a strong cot-relation between aspects of the Raman spectrum and low thermal conductivity. This presents Raman spectroscopy as a characteristic screening tool for potential thermoelectrics and is a crucial step toward predicting lattice thermal conductivities. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kendziora, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-731-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 793 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BY84H UT WOS:000189476400014 ER PT B AU Dermer, CD Mitman, KE AF Dermer, CD Mitman, KE BE Feroci, M Frontera, F Masetti, N Piro, L TI External shock model for the prompt phase of gamma ray bursts: Implications for GRB source models SO THIRD ROME WORKSHOP ON GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE AFTERGLOW ERA SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on Gamma-Ray Bursts CY SEP 17-20, 2002 CL CNR, Rome, ITALY HO CNR ID INTERNAL SHOCKS; PULSAR-WIND; BLACK-HOLE; VARIABILITY; SPECTRUM; STAR AB An external shock model for the prompt gamma-ray luminous phase of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is treated both analytically and numerically. A widely cited derivation claiming that an external shock model for rapidly variable GRBs must be very inefficient employs an incorrect expression for the angular timescale. Numerical results show that variable GRBs can be formed with > 10% efficiency to transform the directed kinetic energy of the relativistic fireball to gamma-rays. Successes of the external shock model and difficulties with an internal wind/colliding shell model are summarized. An impulsive external shock model is consistent with the supranova model. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-165-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 312 BP 301 EP 308 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAM85 UT WOS:000222873300067 ER PT B AU Chow, WC Wegman, EJ AF Chow, WC Wegman, EJ BE Brillinger, DR Robinson, EA Schoenberg, FP TI Modeling continuous time series driven by fractional Gaussian noise SO TIME SERIES ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS TO GEOPHYSICAL SYSTEMS SE IMA VOLUMES IN MATHEMATICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Time Series Analysis and Applications to Geophysical Systems CY NOV 12-15, 2001 CL Univ Minnesota, Inst Math & Applicat, Minneapolis, MN HO Univ Minnesota, Inst Math & Applicat AB We consider the stochastic differential equations, dX(t) = thetaX(t)dt + dB(H)(t); t > 0, and dX(t) = theta(t)X(t)dt + dB(H)(t); t > 0 where B-H(t) is fractional Brownian motion. We find solutions for these differential equations and show the existence of the integrals related to these solutions. We then show that B-H(t) is not a martingale. This implies that several conventional methods for defining integrals on fractional Brownian motion are inadequate. We demonstrate the existence of an estimator for theta which depends on the existence of integrals of certain integrals with respect to fractional Brownian motion. We conclude by showing the existence and Riemann sum approximations for these integrals. C1 USN, Network & Space Operat Command, Dahlgren, VA USA. RP Chow, WC (reprint author), USN, Network & Space Operat Command, Dahlgren, VA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-22311-8 J9 IMA V MATH PY 2004 BP 239 EP 255 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Geology; Mathematics GA BAX49 UT WOS:000224092700013 ER PT S AU Witte, M Banaszkiewicz, M Rosenbauer, H McMullin, D AF Witte, M Banaszkiewicz, M Rosenbauer, H McMullin, D BE Cairns, IH Genta, G Scherer, K TI Kinetic parameters of interstellar neutral helium: updated results from the ULYSSES/GAS-instrument SO TO THE EDGE OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND BEYOND SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE interstellar medium; interstellar neutral helium; kinetic parameters AB The GAS-instrument onboard the space probe ULYSSES (ULS) is designed to measure the local angular distribution of the flow of interstellar neutral He-atoms within approximate to3 AU distance from the sun; it allows to infer the kinetic parameters (velocity vector, temperature and density) of these particles outside the heliosphere ("at infinity"). Around the second fast latitude scan of ULYSSES. from 9/2000 to 9/2002 more than 200 new observations were obtained. The average values derived from these observations together with the results of all previous observations, which were recalculated with a refined pointing calibration, are velocity (v(infinity) = 26.3 +/- 0.4 km/s), flow direction (ecliptic longitude l(infinity) = 74.7degrees +/- 0.5degrees, ecliptic latitude b(infinity) = -5.2degrees +/- 0.2degrees) and temperature (T-infinity = 6300 +/- 340 K). From 1990 to 2002, covering a complete solar cycle, no significant temporal variations of these parameters were observed nor variations with solar latitude. In contrast to that, variations in the density n(infinity) values derived from the local observations were obvious and are interpreted to be due to variations in the loss processes, predominantly photo ionization, the particles experience on their way to the observer. While the temporal variations of the ionization rate can be taken into account from instantaneous values of solar EUV-irradiances, which became available from the CELIAS/SEM instrument on SOHO, the residual variations can be explained by latitudinal variations of the solar irradiance. As a result of a simple model a density n(infinity) in the range (1.2-1.6 x 10(-2) cm(-3)) is deduced. (C) 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Praxis Inc, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Witte, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Aeron, Max Planck Str 2, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. EM witte@linmpi.mpg.de NR 11 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 34 IS 1 BP 61 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.01.037 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAS46 UT WOS:000223368400009 ER PT S AU Golle, P Jakobsson, M Juels, A Syverson, P AF Golle, P Jakobsson, M Juels, A Syverson, P BE Okamoto, T TI Universal re-encryption for mixnets SO TOPICS IN CRYPTOLOGY - CT-RSA 2004, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Cryptolograheres Track Research Conference held at the RSA Conference CY FEB 23-27, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP RSA Secur Inc, RSA Lab DE anonymity; mix networks; private channels; universal reencryption AB We introduce a new cryptographic technique that we call universal re-encryption. A conventional cryptosystem that permits re-encryption, such as ElGamal, does so only for a player with knowledge of the public key corresponding to a given ciphertext. In contrast, universal re-encryption can be done without knowledge of public keys. We propose an asymmetric cryptosystern with universal re-encryption that is half as efficient as standard ElGamal in terms of computation and storage. While technically and conceptually simple, universal re-encryption leads to new types of functionality in mixnet architectures. Conventional mixnets are often called upon to enable players to communicate with one another through channels that are externally anonymous, i.e., that hide information permitting traffic-analysis. Universal re-encryption lets us construct a mixnet of this kind in which servers hold no public or private keying material, and may therefore dispense with the cumbersome requirements of key generation, key distribution, and private-key management, We describe two practical mixnet constructions, one involving asymmetric input ciphertexts, and another with hybrid-ciphertext inputs. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RSA Labs, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Golle, P (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM pgolle@cs.stanford.edu; mjakobsso@rsasecurity.com; ajuels@rsasecurity.com; syverson@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 112 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20996-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 2964 BP 163 EP 178 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY59E UT WOS:000189416100014 ER PT J AU Appawu, M Owusu-Agyei, S Dadzie, S Asoala, V Anto, F Koram, K Rogers, W Nkrumah, F Hoffman, SL Fryauff, DJ AF Appawu, M Owusu-Agyei, S Dadzie, S Asoala, V Anto, F Koram, K Rogers, W Nkrumah, F Hoffman, SL Fryauff, DJ TI Malaria transmission dynamics at a site in northern Ghana proposed for testing malaria vaccines SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE malaria; transmission; anophelines; ecological sites; vaccines; northern Ghana ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; BURKINA-FASO; INFECTED MOSQUITOS; SAVANNA AREA; RICE FIELD; IDENTIFICATION; AFRICA AB We studied the malaria transmission dynamics in Kassena Nankana district (KND), a site in northern Ghana proposed for testing malaria vaccines. Intensive mosquito sampling for 1 year using human landing catches in three micro-ecological sites (irrigated, lowland and rocky highland) yielded 18 228 mosquitoes. Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus constituted 94.3% of the total collection with 76.8% captured from the irrigated communities. Other species collected but in relatively few numbers were Anopheles pharoensis (5.4%) and Anopheles rufipes (0.3%). Molecular analysis of 728 An. gambiae.s.l. identified Anopheles gambiae s.s. as the most dominant sibling species (97.7%) of the An. gambiae complex from the three ecological sites. Biting rates of the vectors (36.7 bites per man per night) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the irrigated area than in the non-irrigated lowland (5.2) and rocky highlands (5.9). Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite rates of 7.2% (295/4075) and 7.1% (269/3773) were estimated for An. gambiae s.s. and An. funestus, respectively. Transmission was highly seasonal, and the heaviest transmission occurred from June to October. The intensity of transmission was higher for people in the irrigated communities than the non-irrigated ones. An overall annual entomological inoculation rate (EIR) of 418 infective bites was estimated in KND. There were micro-ecological variations in the EIRs, with values of 228 infective bites in the rocky highlands, 360 in the lowlands and 630 in the irrigated area. Approximately 60% of malaria transmission in KND occurred indoors during the second half of the night, peaking at daybreak between 04.00 and 06.00 hours. Vaccine trials could be conducted in this district, with timing dependent on the seasonal patterns and intensity of transmission taking into consideration the micro-geographical differences and vaccine trial objectives. C1 Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Legon, Accra, Ghana. Navrongo Hlth Res Ctr, Navrongo, Ghana. Sanaria, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Kintampo Hlth Res Ctr, Kintampo, Ghana. RP Appawu, M (reprint author), Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Legon, Accra, Ghana. EM mappawu@noguchi.mimcom.net; seth.owusu-agyei@lstmh.ac.uk; sdadzie@noguchi.mimcom.net; vasoala@navrongo.mimcom.net; fanto@navrongo.mimcom.net; kkoram@noguchi.mimcom.net; brogers@noguchi.mimcom.net; fnkrumah@noguchi.mimcom.net; slhoffman@sanaria.com; fryauffd@nmrc.navy.mil FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AI95363] NR 24 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JAN PY 2004 VL 9 IS 1 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.01162.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 775WL UT WOS:000189083600021 PM 14728621 ER PT B AU McNelley, TR Swisher, DL AF McNelley, TR Swisher, DL BE Zhu, YT Langdon, TG Valiev, RZ Semiatin, SL Shin, DH Lowe, TC TI Deformation banding and grain refinement during ECAP of aluminum SO ULTRAFINE GRAINED MATERIALS III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Ultrafine Grained Materials CY MAR 15-17, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, mat Proc & MFG Div, Shaping & Forming Comm, TMS, Mech Behav Mat Comm DE microstructure; grain boundaries; deformation banding ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; PURE ALUMINUM; BOUNDARIES; ALLOYS; SHEAR AB The evolution of microstructure in pure aluminum during repetitive ECAP was investigated by orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) and microtexture analysis, as well as by orientation measurement using convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) methods in transmission electron miscroscopy. After one ECAP pass, the microstructure is refined but inhomogeneous and consists mainly of subgrains. During four repetitive ECAP passes, the microstructure evolution in this material occurs by processes of grain subdivision that include deformation banding. High-angle boundaries (up to 62.8degrees) form from interfaces between deformation bands while lower angle boundaries are present in a deformation-induced substructure within the bands. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-571-9 PY 2004 BP 89 EP 94 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BY82E UT WOS:000189471300013 ER PT B AU Pao, PS Jones, HN Feng, CR AF Pao, PS Jones, HN Feng, CR BE Zhu, YT Langdon, TG Valiev, RZ Semiatin, SL Shin, DH Lowe, TC TI Fatigue crack growth in ultrafine grained Al-7.5Mg SO ULTRAFINE GRAINED MATERIALS III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Ultrafine Grained Materials CY MAR 15-17, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, mat Proc & MFG Div, Shaping & Forming Comm, TMS, Mech Behav Mat Comm DE fatigue crack growth; ultrafine grain; microstructure; aluminum ID AL; ALLOY; STABILITY AB The fatigue crack growth rates of ultrafine grained (g.s. similar to0.25 mum) Al-7.5Mg produced by SPD techniques were investigated and were compared to those of powder-metallurgy (P/M) Al-7Mg (g.s. similar to2 mum) and ingot-metallurgy (I/M) Al-7Mg (g.s. similar to100 mum). Ultrafine grained Al-7.5Mg was obtained by extruding nanocrystalline particulates, which were prepared by mechanically ball milling spray atomized Al-7.5Mg powders in liquid nitrogen. Fatigue crack growth rates of ultrafine grained Al-7.5Mg are significantly higher than those of P/M Al-7Mg, which, in turn, are significantly higher than those of I/M Al-7Mg. The fatigue crack growth threshold is the lowest in the ultrafine grained Al-7.5Mg, followed by P/M Al-7Mg, and is the highest in I/M Al-7Mg. The higher fatigue crack growth rates and lower thresholds in ultrafine grained Al-7.5Mg may be attributed to the much smoother fracture surface morphology and lower roughness induced crack closure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pao, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-571-9 PY 2004 BP 529 EP 534 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BY82E UT WOS:000189471300083 ER PT S AU Bailey, ME AF Bailey, ME BE Carapezza, EM TI Counter Narcotic Acoustic Buoy (CNAB) SO UNATTENDED/UNMANNED GROUND, OCEAN, AND AIR SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended/Unmanned Ground, Ocean and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications VI CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB As a means to detect drug trafficking in a maritime environment, the Counter Narcotic Acoustic Buoy is part of an inexpensive system designed to detect "Go Fast" boats and report via satellite to a designated location. A go fast boat for this evaluation is defined as any boat with twin 200 horsepower outboard engines. The buoy is designed for deployment in salt water at depths ranging from 50 to 600 feet and can be easily deployed by one or two persons. Detections are based on noise energy exceeding a preset level within a frequency band associated with the go fast boat's acoustic signature. Detection ranges have been demonstrated to greater than three nautical miles. The mission of the Department of Defense Counter-Narcoterrorism Technology Program Office is to research, develop, modify, evaluate and integrate systems to enhance current capabilities as they relate to drug interdiction. CNAB weighs seventy five pounds, is eighteen inches in diameter and is sixty six inches in length. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahgren Div, DoD Counter Narcoterrorism Technol Program Off, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Bailey, ME (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahgren Div, DoD Counter Narcoterrorism Technol Program Off, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5340-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5417 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1117/12.540669 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications SC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications GA BAX91 UT WOS:000224145900012 ER PT S AU Mylavarapu, S McEachen, JC Zachary, JM Walch, SL Marinovich, JS AF Mylavarapu, S McEachen, JC Zachary, JM Walch, SL Marinovich, JS BE Freire, MM Chemouil, P Lorenz, P Gravey, A TI Modeling traffic flow using conversation exchange dynamics for identifying network attacks SO UNIVERSAL MULTISERVICE NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Universal Multiservice Networks CY OCT 25-27, 2004 CL Porto, PORTUGAL SP IEEE, EUREL, SEE, Inst Telecommun, France Telecom AB We present a novel approach to identifying anomalous network events Specifically, a method for characterizing and displaying the flow of conversations across a distributed system with a high number of interacting entities is discussed and analyzed. Results from from attacks contained in the DARPA Lincoln Lab IDS test data and from operational network traffic are presented. These results suggest that our approach presents a unique perspective on anomalies in computer network traffic. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Innovat Emergency Management Inc, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Mylavarapu, S (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM mylavara@engr.sc.edu; mceachen@nps.navy.mil; john.zachary@ieminc.com; slwalch@nps.navy.mil; jsmarino@nps.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-23551-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3262 BP 317 EP 326 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBE91 UT WOS:000225162000032 ER PT S AU Armstrong, C AF Armstrong, C BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Modular mission payload architecture SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VI CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Unmanned Vehicles; payloads; open systems; Modular Mission Payload; integration AB The current problem of integrating new payloads into current Unmanned Vehicle Systems is becoming more prevalent as the vehicles become more capable. The increase in payload capacity allows for new types of payloads to be carried and facilitates the option of carrying multiple payloads per mission. This added capability creates integration difficulties. Modifying the vehicle and ground station software with each new payload is unacceptable. Software integration, regression and safety concerns make the integration effort costly and lengthy. The Modular Mission Payload Architecture addressed these issues with a web-centric network-based solution that migrates the command and control interface of modular mission payloads from inside the ground control station and vehicle management systems to a separate controller in the vehicle. This migration and a common interface minimize modifications to system hardware and software to incorporate new payloads, thus reducing engineering development time, facilitating quicker integration at lower costs and allowing payload commonality across services and platforms. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Armstrong, C (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Bldg 2035,300 Highway 361, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5345-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5422 BP 405 EP 413 DI 10.1117/12.553031 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics; Transportation Science & Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics; Transportation GA BAX98 UT WOS:000224151200041 ER PT B AU McClean, JL Thoppil, P Ivanova, D Stark, D Maltrud, M Hunke, E May, P Carton, J Giese, B AF McClean, JL Thoppil, P Ivanova, D Stark, D Maltrud, M Hunke, E May, P Carton, J Giese, B GP ieee computer society TI Towards a high-resolution global coupled navy prediction system SO USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group Conference CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Williamsburg, VA SP User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team ID SEA-ICE; MODEL C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP McClean, JL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2259-9 PY 2004 BP 233 EP 237 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBP31 UT WOS:000226863200033 ER PT B AU Maslowski, W AF Maslowski, W GP ieee computer society TI Towards prediction of environmental arctic change SO USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group Conference CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Williamsburg, VA SP User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team ID SEA-ICE; OCEAN; MODEL; CLIMATE AB Our main objective is to use models of the coupled ice-ocean Arctic environment to understand the past and present sea ice and ocean states and to predict future scenarios of environmental change in the Arctic Ocean. To meet this objective we have developed a coupled ice-ocean model of the sea ice covered northern hemisphere at 9-km and 45-level grid. The model has been spun up for 48 years. Three 24-year experiments have been completed following the spinup, all forced with realistic 1979-2002 ECMWF data but with a different surface temperature and salinity restoring times. Results from these integrations are compared to each other and to sea ice data available over this period to address the growing need for understanding the recent warming and the subsequent decrease of the Arctic Ice Pack during the late 1990s and 2000s. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM maslowsk@nps.navy.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2259-9 PY 2004 BP 238 EP 242 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBP31 UT WOS:000226863200034 ER PT B AU Anderson, W Rosenberg, R Lanzagorta, M AF Anderson, W Rosenberg, R Lanzagorta, M GP ieee computer society TI Early performance results on the NRL SGI Altix 3000 computer SO USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group Conference CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Williamsburg, VA SP User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB Since December 2002 the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been evaluating an Altix 3000, the newest high performance computing system available from Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI). The Altix is a departure from the previous products from SGI in that instead of using MIPS processors and the IRIX operating system, the Altix uses the Intel Itanium IA-64 processor and SGI ProPack (based on Linux Red Hat) operating system. The Altix still has the brick concept of system configuration and the SGI NUMAlink for the inter-module network for the shared memory. The Altix runs under a single image of the operating system and supports parallel programming through OpenMP, MPI, CoArray, FORTRAN, and an automatic parallelizing compiler. Various codes have been evaluated with respect to their ease of portability and their performance on the Altix as compared to other high performance computers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Anderson, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2259-9 PY 2004 BP 275 EP 279 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBP31 UT WOS:000226863200040 ER PT S AU Kowalski, MP Cruddace, RG Barbee, TW Hunter, WR Heidemann, KF Nelles, B Lenke, R Kierey, H AF Kowalski, MP Cruddace, RG Barbee, TW Hunter, WR Heidemann, KF Nelles, B Lenke, R Kierey, H BE Hasinger, G Turner, MJL TI High efficiency multilayer-coated polymer-overcoated blazed ion-etched holographic gratings for high resolution EUV astronomical spectroscopy SO UV AND GAMMA-RAY SPACE TELESCOPE SYSTEMS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV and Gamma-Ray Space Telescope Systems CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE diffraction gratings; ion-etched; multilayer coatings; surface measurements; extreme ultraviolet ID WAVELENGTH REGION; SPECTROMETER; CALIBRATION; RANGE AB We have measured the topography and near-normal incidence EUV efficiency of five flat multilayer-coated polymer-overcoated blazed ion-etched holographic test gratings. Blaze angles were in the range 2.0-4.1degrees. All gratings had a surface roughness <3 Angstrom rms (20-4000 Angstrom). The best grating had a measured efficiency of 29.9% in the second order at 157.9 Angstrom and a derived groove efficiency of 53.0%. At the shortest wavelength investigated (100.0 Angstrom) another grating produced a measured efficiency in the first order of 12.9% and a derived groove efficiency of 33.6%. In third order another grating produced a measured efficiency at 137.8 Angstrom of 13.4% and a derived groove efficiency of 21.8%. To the best of our knowledge these values exceed previous published results. Some issues remain that may be associated with modification of the groove profile by the multilayer coating. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5420-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5488 BP 910 EP 921 DI 10.1117/12.551304 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BBD21 UT WOS:000224987100091 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, D TI Soldiers, commissars, and chaplains: Civil-military relations since Cromwell SO WAR IN HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0968-3445 J9 WAR HIST JI War Hist. PY 2004 VL 11 IS 3 BP 360 EP 363 DI 10.1177/096834450401100306 PG 4 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA 827KG UT WOS:000221897700006 ER PT S AU Wolff, MT Ray, PS Wood, KS AF Wolff, MT Ray, PS Wood, KS BE Kaaret, P Lamb, FK Swank, JH TI X-ray eclipse timing in the LMXB EXO0748-676 SO X-RAY TIMING 2003: ROSSI AND BEYOND SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Timing 2003 - Rossi and Beyond CY NOV 03-05, 2003 CL Cambridge, MA SP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, NASA, Goddard Space Sfight Ctr, Lab High Energy Astrophys, Rossi X Ray Timing Explorer Project ID ORBITAL PERIOD CHANGES; LOW-MASS; BINARY EXO-0748-676 AB Orbital period changes are an important diagnostic for understanding low mass X-ray binary (LMXB) accretion-induced angular momentum exchange and overall system evolution. We present our most recent results for the eclipse timing of the LMXB EXO 0748-676. Since its discovery in 1985 it has apparently undergone three distinct orbital period "epochs", each characterized by a different orbital period than the previous epoch. We outline the orbital period behavior for EXO 0748-676 over the past 18 years and discuss the implications of this behavior in light of current theoretical ideas for LMXB evolution. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Wolff, MT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0193-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 714 BP 391 EP 394 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP36 UT WOS:000223117800071 ER PT S AU Phlips, BF Wulf, EA Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Ray, PS Wood, KS AF Phlips, BF Wulf, EA Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Ray, PS Wood, KS BE Kaaret, P Lamb, FK Swank, JH TI Thick, large area silicon detectors for a future X-ray timing mission SO X-RAY TIMING 2003: ROSSI AND BEYOND SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Timing 2003 - Rossi and Beyond CY NOV 03-05, 2003 CL Cambridge, MA SP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, NASA, Goddard Space Sfight Ctr, Lab High Energy Astrophys, Rossi X Ray Timing Explorer Project AB We report on progress in developing thick silicon detectors for X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy. Silicon detectors offer good spectroscopy at reasonably low cost and with low internal background in the energy range between 5-50 keV. This technology offers a smooth energy response and a very fast timing response for high rate applications. We are testing large area, double-sided 2mm thick detectors for applications requiring large quantities of silicon. Our current laboratory prototypes are 63 x 63 mm in area, and we will soon have detectors that are 95x95 mm in area and with thicknesses up to 3 mm. As part of our prototyping efforts, we are developing double-sided strip detectors, pixel detectors, as well as hybrid pixel/strip detectors. We present our latest laboratory results in terms of imaging and spectroscopy, as well as our progress in developing and integrating custom readout ASICs. These detectors and electronics, while not a perfect match for a next generation X-ray timing mission, form a good basis for the design of dedicated large area detectors in the 5-50 keV energy range. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phlips, BF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7650,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0193-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 714 BP 439 EP 442 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP36 UT WOS:000223117800077 ER PT S AU Wood, KS Gulian, AM Ray, PS AF Wood, KS Gulian, AM Ray, PS BE Kaaret, P Lamb, FK Swank, JH TI QVD sensors as focal plane instruments for X-ray timing applications SO X-RAY TIMING 2003: ROSSI AND BEYOND SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Timing 2003 - Rossi and Beyond CY NOV 03-05, 2003 CL Cambridge, MA SP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, NASA, Goddard Space Sfight Ctr, Lab High Energy Astrophys, Rossi X Ray Timing Explorer Project AB "QVD" detectors are based on thermoelectric heat-to-voltage (Q-->V) conversion and digital (V-->D) readout. For spectroscopic applications, the theoretical performance limits are competitive with superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detectors and transition edge sensor (TES) devices. We discuss theoretical and demonstrated timing performance of QVD detectors with different design architectures. Detectors with lanthanum-cerium hexaboride sensors can be very fast, up to 100 MHz/pixel counting rates. They can serve as focal plane detectors for X-ray timing, in situations where very large apertures are used to gather X-ray photons at high event rates. Practical implementation of thermoelectric (QVD) detectors requires cryogenic thermoelectric sensors with high figures of merit. There can be different solutions: thin films, bulk materials and "whiskers." We are exploring all three design options and summarize progress in each area. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wood, KS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0193-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 714 BP 447 EP 450 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP36 UT WOS:000223117800079 ER PT S AU Wood, KS Wolff, MT Ray, PS AF Wood, KS Wolff, MT Ray, PS BE Kaaret, P Lamb, FK Swank, JH TI Reflections on the X-ray Large Array (XLA) SO X-RAY TIMING 2003: ROSSI AND BEYOND SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Timing 2003 - Rossi and Beyond CY NOV 03-05, 2003 CL Cambridge, MA SP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, NASA, Goddard Space Sfight Ctr, Lab High Energy Astrophys, Rossi X Ray Timing Explorer Project AB The X-ray Large Array (XLA) was a concept for a very large area array of proportional counters attached to the Space Station, as the station concept existed in the 1980s and into the early 1990s. It was nominally 100 m(2) of proportional counters for 0.25-25 keV which was (optionally) supplemented by a coded aperture telescope of area 1-2 m(2). Although it never flew, it underwent a pre-Phase A study at NASA-MSFC and was discussed at many scientific conferences. The purpose of this presentation is to review lessons learned from the XLA experience, both good and bad. It reviews the scientific rationale and engineering issues in achieving and operating very large X-ray collecting apertures in space, with updates on those issues in the light of later developments. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Wood, KS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0193-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 714 BP 455 EP 458 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP36 UT WOS:000223117800081 ER PT S AU Gelfand, JD Lazio, TJW Gaensler, BM AF Gelfand, JD Lazio, TJW Gaensler, BM BE Camilo, F TI A 330 MHz survey for pulsars and supernova remnants in m31 SO YOUNG NEUTRON STARS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 218th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Yound Neutron Stars and Their Environments CY JUL 14-17, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union AB In the radio band, supernova remnants (SNRs) and pulsars are best identified at low frequencies due to their steep spectra. Motivated by this fact, we have carried out a deep 330-MHz observation of M31 using the VLA. Achieving a sensitivity of 0.6 mJy at 6" resolution over the entire optical disk of M31, we identified 405 distinct radio sources. While most of these are unresolved background radio galaxies, we found five SNR candidates, three pulsar wind nebula (PWN) candidates, and three pulsar candidates in our source list. The properties of these sources are discussed. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gelfand, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-10, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-178-8 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 218 BP 91 EP 92 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBR59 UT WOS:000227426000024 ER PT S AU Donovan, J Lommen, A Arzoumanian, Z Harding, A Strickman, M Gwinn, C Dodson, R McCulloch, P Moffett, D AF Donovan, J Lommen, A Arzoumanian, Z Harding, A Strickman, M Gwinn, C Dodson, R McCulloch, P Moffett, D BE Camilo, F TI Correlations between X-ray and radio pulses in Vela SO YOUNG NEUTRON STARS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 218th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Yound Neutron Stars and Their Environments CY JUL 14-17, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union AB Pulse-shape changes correlating with flux have been shown to exist in the Vela pulsar's radio emission (Krishnamohan P Downs 1983). The aim of this work was to look for correlations between radio and X-ray flux in Vela on a pulse-by-pulse basis. We found that Vela emits significantly more X-rays during radio pulses with strong flux than during weak radio flux pulses, which indicates that the mechanisms creating the Vela pulsar's X-ray and radio emission must be related. C1 Franklin & Marshall Coll, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Furman Univ, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. RP Donovan, J (reprint author), Franklin & Marshall Coll, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-178-8 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 218 BP 335 EP 336 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBR59 UT WOS:000227426000085 ER PT J AU Dmowski, W Swider-Lyons, KE AF Dmowski, W Swider-Lyons, KE TI PDF analysis - from atomic displacements to nanocrystals SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article ID PULSED-NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; FERROELECTRICS; TRANSITION; OXIDES AB Atomic pair-density function (PDF) analysis is an ideal approach for examining the local- and medium-range atomic structures of materials. PDF has been widely used in the studies of glasses and liquids and has also been applied successfully to characterize the local and complex structures of crystalline solids. Using PDF analysis, we demonstrate that important conclusions can be drawn about how the short-and long-range atomic structure of several oxide and hydrous oxide materials relates to their physical and electrochemical properties. For example, in Pb based ferroelectric relaxors, the diffraction pattern suggests a simple perovskite structure [1], while the PDF analysis shows that, in reality, the Pb atoms are strongly displaced from the high symmetry positions, so they can contribute to the electrical polarization. In hydrous ruthenium dioxide, RuO2.xH(2)O [2], standard X-ray diffraction patterns suggest an "amorphous" structure. However, the PDF method shows that the medium range structure of RuO2.xH(2)O is a highly inhomogeneous nanocomposite of ruthenium oxide nanocrystals, dispersed by boundaries of structural water associated with Ru-O. The nanocomposite structure correlates to the unique electrochemical performance of the hydrous RuO2. C1 Univ Tennessee, South Coll 303, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dmowski, W (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, South Coll 303, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1413 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. EM wdmowski@utk.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2004 VL 219 IS 3 BP 136 EP 142 DI 10.1524/zkri.219.3.136.29098 PG 7 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 819QL UT WOS:000221329600005 ER PT J AU George, AK Pisipati, VGKM Carboni, C Al Harthi, SH Naciri, J AF George, AK Pisipati, VGKM Carboni, C Al Harthi, SH Naciri, J TI Studies on room temperature ferroelectric liquid crystal, 12CN5(R*) SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION A-A JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ferroelectric liquid crystal; spontaneous polarization; smectic C* phase ID POLARIZATION; PHASE AB Characterization studies are performed on a ferroelectric liquid crystal, 12CN5(R*). Phase sequence and transition temperatures are obtained by polarized thermal microscopy. Temperature variation of spontaneous polarization and tilt angle in the smectic C* phase are found to agree with the mean-field predictions. Results obtained for the variation of the switching time and torsional viscosity with temperature are also presented. C1 Sultan Qaboos Univ, Dept Phys, Coll Sci, Muscat, Oman. Nagarjuna Univ, CLCRE, Fac Phys Sci, Nagarjuna Nagar 522510, Andhra Pradesh, India. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP George, AK (reprint author), Sultan Qaboos Univ, Dept Phys, Coll Sci, POB 36,PC 123, Muscat, Oman. EM akgeorge@squ.edu.om OI VGKM, Pisipati/0000-0003-2382-4400 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0932-0784 J9 Z NATURFORSCH A JI Z. Naturfors. Sect. A-J. Phys. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 99 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 805ZT UT WOS:000220404900014 ER PT J AU Gondarenko, NA Guzdar, PN Ossakow, SL Bernhardt, PA AF Gondarenko, NA Guzdar, PN Ossakow, SL Bernhardt, PA TI Linear mode conversion in inhomogeneous magnetized plasmas during ionospheric modification by HF radio waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radio wave propagation; linear mode conversion ID SELF-FOCUSING INSTABILITY; SPORADIC-E; STRIATIONS; REGION; ANGLE AB The propagation of high-frequency (HF) radio waves in an inhomogeneous magnetoactive plasma and generation of plasma waves at the resonance layer near the reflection layer of the ordinary mode are studied using one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional full-wave codes. The characteristics of the mode-conversion process are investigated in linear and parabolic density profiles as the angle of incidence is varied. We present the 1-D results for the wave propagation relevant to the high-latitude heater facility at Tromso and the midlatitude facility at Arecibo. For the facility at Arecibo, the 2-D wave propagation in a plasma density approximating an overdense sporadic-E patch is investigated to determine the localized regions of amplified intensity, where plasma waves can facilitate acceleration of fast energetic electrons, resulting in observed enhanced airglow. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gondarenko, NA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ngondare@umd.edu; guzdar@glue.umd.edu; ossakow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; bern@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A12 AR 1470 DI 10.1029/2003JA009985 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 761JZ UT WOS:000187898400004 ER PT J AU Carlos, WE Glaser, ER Shanabrook, BV AF Carlos, WE Glaser, ER Shanabrook, BV TI Optical and magnetic resonance signatures of deep levels in semi-insulating 4H SiC SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS-22) CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2003 CL UNIV AARHUS, AARHUS, DENMARK HO UNIV AARHUS DE semi-insulating; silicon carbide; photoluminescence; EPR ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE AB We have studied semi-insulating (SI) 4H SiC grown by physical vapor transport (PVT) and by high-temperature chemical vapor deposition (HTCVD) using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and infrared photoluminescence (IR-PL) to better understand the defect(s) responsible for the SI behavior. Although intrinsic defects such as the isolated carbon vacancy and in some cases the isolated Si vacancies have previously been observed by EPR in undoped SI SiC, their concentrations are an order of magnitude too low to be responsible for the SI behavior. We are able to observe the EPR signature of the carbon vacancy-carbon antisite pair (V-C-C-Si) pair defect in an excited state of its 2 + charge state in all PVT samples and some HTCVD samples. We also establish the IR-PL signature of this EPR center as the UD2 spectrum-a set of four sharp lines between 1.1 and 1.15 eV previously observed by Magnusson et al. in neutron-irradiated 4H-SiC. We also observe the UD1 line, a pair of sharp IR-PL lines at similar to 1.06 eV and UD3, a single sharp line at similar to 1.36 eV. We propose a simple model for the SI behavior in material in which the (VC-Csi) pair defect is the dominant deep defect. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carlos, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6877,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM carlos@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 340 BP 151 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2003.09.048 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 765TR UT WOS:000188300200025 ER PT J AU Sletten, MA West, JC Liu, XN Duncan, JH AF Sletten, MA West, JC Liu, XN Duncan, JH TI Radar investigations of breaking water waves at low grazing angles with simultaneous high-speed optical imagery SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE radar scattering; breaking waves; low grazing angles ID GENTLE SPILLING BREAKERS; BRAGG SCATTERING; BACKSCATTER; MICROWAVE; EVOLUTION AB This paper describes the results of radar scattering experiments carried out at the wavetank facility at the University of Maryland, College Park. Spilling and plunging breakers with a water wavelength of approximately 80 cm were generated through dispersive focusing of a chirped wave packet, and were then imaged with a high-speed camera in conjunction with a laser sheet. Simultaneously, the radar backscatter generated by the breakers when viewed with an "up-wave" look direction was measured by an ultrawideband, dual-polarized, X-band radar with a range resolution of approximately 4 cm. The nominal grazing angle of the radar was 12degrees. In addition to providing both quantitative profiles of the evolving water surface and the corresponding ultrahigh resolution radar backscatter, this experimental setup also included a moving instrument carriage that allowed the sensors to follow the breakers throughout their entire evolution. Numerical scattering simulations that use the measured surface profiles as inputs were also conducted in order to further dissect the scattering mechanism. An analysis of the results shows that for the spilling breaker, over 90% of the horizontally (HH) polarized radar backscatter is generated during the initial stage of breaking by the small bulge near the wave crest. For vertical (VV) polarization, the crest bulge produces about 60% of the total backscattered energy. For both polarizations, the Doppler velocity associated with this energy is very close to that of the phase speed of the dominant wave in the water wave packet. For VV, the remainder of the backscattered energy is generated by the turbulent, postbreaking surface, and in fact a close correlation is observed between increases in the VV backscatter amplitude and the shedding of vortex ripples after the wave breaks. For the plunging breaker, the initial feature on the crest ( an overturning jet) generates a lower percentage of the total backscattered energy. For the spilling breaker, agreement between the experimental and numerical results is good, particularly in the Doppler domain. The simulations also indicate uncertainty in the polarization ratio measurements that is related to multipath scattering. To the extent that they can be applied to the open ocean, these results can serve as a guide for the development of future breaker models. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oklahoma Agr Exptl Stn, Coll Engn Architecture & Technol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sletten, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 38 IS 6 AR 1110 DI 10.1029/2002RS002716 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 761KB UT WOS:000187898600001 ER PT J AU Wang, J Liu, X Christopher, SA Reid, JS Reid, E Maring, H AF Wang, J Liu, X Christopher, SA Reid, JS Reid, E Maring, H TI The effects of non-sphericity on geostationary satellite retrievals of dust aerosols SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; PARTICLES AB Using data collected during the Puerto Rico Dust Experiment ( PRIDE), we examine the effect of non-spherical phase functions on dust aerosol retrievals from geostationary satellites. We utilize a statistical model based on Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) analysis of individual dust particles. Using T-matrix calculations and assuming that dust particles are randomly-orientated oblate spheroids we compute the dust phase function and scattering properties. Although the non-spherical function developed in this study compares well with the synthetic non-spherical phase functions [Liu et al., 2003], new retrievals using the non-spherical phase function only show slight improvement at scattering angles (Theta) from 110degrees similar to 150degrees, and become worse for Theta between 150degrees similar to 170degrees. However the retrievals are greatly improved at all angles when retrieval algorithms account for the combined effect of both spherical and non-spherical phase functions. C1 Univ Alabama, NSSTC, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Miami, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Univ Alabama, NSSTC, Dept Atmospher Sci, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. EM wangjun@nsstc.uah; sundar@nsstc.uah.edu RI Christopher, Sundar/E-6781-2011; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490 NR 17 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 30 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 24 AR 2293 DI 10.1029/2003GL018697 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 761HX UT WOS:000187896400004 ER PT J AU Zhang, SH Casalini, R Runt, J Roland, CM AF Zhang, SH Casalini, R Runt, J Roland, CM TI Pressure effects on the segmental dynamics of hydrogen-bonded polymer blends SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ALPHA-RELAXATION; POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; POLY(VINYL ACETATE); ELEVATED PRESSURE; LIQUIDS; CONDUCTIVITY; POLYSTYRENE AB Segmental relaxations in the neat components and the blend of poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVPh) with poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA, with 70 wt % vinyl acetate) are studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy at different temperatures and hydrostatic pressures (up to 750 MPa). Pressure retards the relaxation, with a consequent increase of the glass transition temperature (T-g). The pressure coefficient of T-g is 158 C/GPa for the neat EVA, with temperature and pressure found to exert a comparable effect on segmental relaxation. The shape of the EVA segmental relaxation function, however, is the same for different temperature-pressure conditions at a given relaxation time. On the other hand, PVT measurements on PVPh indicate that temperature is more important than pressure in determining the segmental relaxation time, due to the presence of strong hydrogen bonding. For blends with 20% and 30% PVPh, similar pressure-dependent increases of T-g are observed, although contributions from T and P to segmental relaxation are again comparable, despite the hydrogen bonding between PVPh and EVA. Although both high pressure and temperature reduce the concentration of hydrogen bonds in the blends, which tends to decouple the components' segmental relaxation processes, the relaxation time distribution in the blends is narrowed with increasing pressure at a given relaxation time. This behavior is interpreted by considering the additional mobility achieved from breaking hydrogen bonds at high pressures and high temperatures for the hydrogen-bonded (and thus slow) PVPh-EVA segments compared with the fast relaxation of unassociated EVA segments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI He, Yong/F-8752-2012 NR 42 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 30 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 26 BP 9917 EP 9923 DI 10.1021/ma035213y PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 759RW UT WOS:000187751500038 ER PT J AU Kim, M Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Kim, JG Martinelli, RU AF Kim, M Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Kim, JG Martinelli, RU TI Midinfrared "W" diode lasers with improved electrical characteristics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; BOND HEAT SINKING; MU-M; ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB Midinfrared "W" quantum-well diode lasers with reduced turn-on voltages are reported. Devices with coated facets operated in continuous-wave mode up to 195 K, where the emission wavelength was 3.56 mum. At 78 K, the threshold current density was 67 A/cm(2), the maximum output power was 198 mW, and the slope efficiency was 106 mW/A. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sarnoff Corp, CN 5300, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kim, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 29 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 26 BP 5374 EP 5376 DI 10.1063/1.1637450 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 757ET UT WOS:000187536400010 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Kim, CS Kim, M Canedy, CL Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Muller, RE Echternach, PM Kaspi, R AF Bewley, WW Kim, CS Kim, M Canedy, CL Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Muller, RE Echternach, PM Kaspi, R TI Broad-stripe midinfrared photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers with laser-ablation confinement SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BEAM QUALITY AB We investigate broad-stripe photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers emitting at lambda=4.4 mum. The beam quality improves dramatically when a laser ablation technique is used to eliminate parasitic Fabry-Perot-like modes, by inducing loss in the regions adjoining the pump stripe. Even though the peak of the gain spectrum never fully aligns with the grating resonance, for pulsed pumping the output beam is essentially diffraction limited up to a stripe width of 150 mum, and remains no worse than six times the diffraction limit for stripes as broad as 400 mum. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 29 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 26 BP 5383 EP 5385 DI 10.1063/1.1637153 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 757ET UT WOS:000187536400013 ER PT J AU Tolles, WM Rath, BB AF Tolles, WM Rath, BB TI Nanotechnology, a stimulus for innovation SO CURRENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; CARBON NANOTUBE ROPES; DATA-STORAGE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; LOW-VOLTAGE; TECHNOLOGY; TRANSISTORS; DEVICES; FUTURE; NANOPARTICLES AB The virtues of nanotechnology have combined to make the subject worthy of special emphasis in the research community and a source of new commercial products, This has been the result of a synergistic combination of major historical technological advances, recent scientific discoveries (especially of new scientific principles), and a futuristic vision that supports widely acclaimed goals. Surprisingly complex self-assembled structures (new materials) resulting from nature's forces have been discovered and are under intense examination for exploitation. The forces lead to biological complexity, also a result of self-assembly, and are beginning to be understood. The subject has opened new scientific frontiers and has begun to redirect scientific pursuit from somewhat narrow fields of inquiry within scientific disciplines to include broader objectives related to technologies and useful materials. Aspects of the Subject that make it particularly attractive for high-level support are examined. Nanotechnology as it impacts fields of electronics and information, biology, chemistry and medicine, energy, the environment, transportation, and especially that of materials, is briefly considered. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rath, BB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rath@utopia.nrl.navy.mil NR 71 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0011-3891 J9 CURR SCI INDIA JI Curr. Sci. PD DEC 25 PY 2003 VL 85 IS 12 BP 1746 EP 1759 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 761LR UT WOS:000187910700028 ER PT J AU Lee, I Justus, BL Lee, JW Greenbaum, E AF Lee, I Justus, BL Lee, JW Greenbaum, E TI Molecular photovoltaics and surface potentials at the air-water interface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; REACTION CENTERS; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; HYDROGEN; MICA AB An experimental approach that directly measures light-induced electrostatic surface potentials at the gas-liquid interface using the combined techniques of the atomic force microscope and the scanning surfacepotential microscope is presented. Photosystem I (PSI) reaction centers, one of the molecular photovoltaic structures of green plants, convert light energy into electrical energy. We report the orientation and measurement of light-induced photovoltages at the air-water interface by PSI solutions entrained in the pores of microchannel glass. The data indicate that illuminated PSI reaction centers reversed the sign of the water surface electrostatic potential from negative to positive and that additional illumination further increased the positive value of the potential. The sign of the light-induced photopotentials indicates that the reaction centers are oriented with their electron-transport vectors pointing toward the water phase. Electrostatic potentials as a function of PSI concentration are presented for concentrations of active PSI up to 1 muM. Orienting biomolecules at the airwater interface might be an enabling technology for new classes of sensors. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Tennessee, Genome Sci & Technol Program, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Greenbaum, E (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 25 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 51 BP 14225 EP 14230 DI 10.1021/jp036518h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 756CA UT WOS:000187447200015 ER PT J AU McPhee, MG Kikuchi, T Morison, JH Stanton, TP AF McPhee, MG Kikuchi, T Morison, JH Stanton, TP TI Ocean-to-ice heat flux at the North Pole environmental observatory SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID YERMAK PLATEAU; SEA ICE; WINTER AB Data from drifting buoys deployed in April, 2002, as part of the North Pole Environmental Observatory project have been analysed to estimate ocean heat flux in the time period from 1 May 2002 to 11 Mar 2003. Prior to late January, the observatory remained in deep water, but subsequently drifted directly over the Yermak Plateau, a relatively shallow feature north of Svalbard. While over deep water, heat flux was dominated by storage and release of solar energy in the ocean boundary layer during summer. The most likely annual average value for 2002 was 2.6 W m(-2), less than previous determinations in the western Arctic. Over Yermak Plateau, heat flux at the interface came from mixing of warmer water into the boundary layer from below. When the observatory was in water with depths less than 1200 m, the average heat flux was around 22 W m(-2). C1 McPhee Res Co, Naches, WA 98937 USA. Japan Marine Sci & Technol Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Washington, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 94305 USA. RP McPhee, MG (reprint author), McPhee Res Co, Naches, WA 98937 USA. EM mmcphee@starband.net; takashik@jamstec.go.jp; morison@apl.washington.edu; stanton@nps.navy.mil NR 14 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 24 AR 2274 DI 10.1029/2003GL018580 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 760ZH UT WOS:000187864800004 ER PT J AU Christensen, AB Paxton, LJ Avery, S Craven, J Crowley, G Humm, DC Kil, H Meier, RR Meng, CI Morrison, D Ogorzalek, BS Straus, P Strickland, DJ Swenson, RM Walterscheid, RL Wolven, B Zhang, Y AF Christensen, AB Paxton, LJ Avery, S Craven, J Crowley, G Humm, DC Kil, H Meier, RR Meng, CI Morrison, D Ogorzalek, BS Straus, P Strickland, DJ Swenson, RM Walterscheid, RL Wolven, B Zhang, Y TI Initial observations with the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) in the NASA TIMED satellite mission SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE airglow; aurora; ultraviolet; imaging; satellite; atmosphere ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F; SOLAR MAXIMUM; THERMOSPHERIC O/N-2; TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE; FUV DAYGLOW; REGION; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; DENSITY; AIRGLOW AB [1] The Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) instrument carried aboard the NASA TIMED satellite measures the spectral radiance of the Earth's far ultraviolet airglow in the spectral region from 120 to 180 nm using a cross-track scanning spectrometer design. Continuous operation of the instrument provides images of the Earth's disk and limb in five selectable spectral bands. Also, spectra at fixed scanning mirror position can be obtained. Initial results demonstrate the quantitative functionality of the instrument for studies of the Earth's dayglow, aurora, and ionosphere. Moreover, through forward modeling, the abundance of the major constituents of the thermosphere, O, N-2, and O-2 and thermospheric temperatures can be retrieved from observations of the limb radiance. Variations of the column O/N-2 ratio can be deduced from sunlit disk observations. In regions of auroral precipitation not only can the aurora regions be geographically located and the auroral boundaries identified, but also the energy flux Q, the characteristic energy E-o, and a parameter f(o) that scales the abundance of neutral atomic oxygen can be derived. Radiance due to radiative recombination in the ionospheric F region is evident from both dayside and nightside observations of the Earth's limb and disk, respectively. Regions of depleted F-region electron density are evident in the tropical Appleton anomaly regions, associated with so-called ionospheric "bubbles.'' Access to the GUVI data is provided through the GUVI website www.timed.jhuapl.edu\guvi. C1 Aerosp Corp, Space Sci Applicat Lab, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Aerosp Corp, Space Sci Applicat Lab, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM andrew.b.christensen@aero.org; susan.avery@colorado.edu; craven@gi.alaska.edu; gcrowley@swri.edu; david.humm@jhuapl.edu; hyosub.kil@jhuapl.edu; meier@uap2.nrl.navy.mil; ching.meng@jhuapl.edu; danniel.morrison@jhuapl.edu; bernie.ogorzalek@jhuapl.edu; paul.strauss@aero.org; dstrick@cpi.com; charles.swenson@usu.edu; walterscheid@aero.org; brian.wolven@jhuapl.edu; yongliang.zhang@jhuapl.edu RI Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014; Paxton, Larry/D-1934-2015; Humm, David/B-8825-2016; Kil, Hyosub/C-2577-2016; Zhang, Yongliang/C-2180-2016 OI Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115; Paxton, Larry/0000-0002-2597-347X; Humm, David/0000-0003-1520-261X; Kil, Hyosub/0000-0001-8288-6236; Zhang, Yongliang/0000-0003-4851-1662 NR 50 TC 164 Z9 165 U1 6 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 23 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A12 AR 1451 DI 10.1029/2003JA009918 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 761AA UT WOS:000187866400004 ER PT J AU Fejer, BG Emmert, JT AF Fejer, BG Emmert, JT TI Low-latitude ionospheric disturbance electric field effects during the recovery phase of the 19-21 October 1998 magnetic storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE disturbance electric fields; ionospheric storm effects; ionospheric plasma drifts ID ASYMMETRIC RING CURRENT; EQUATORIAL ENHANCEMENT; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; CURRENT SYSTEM; PLASMA DRIFTS; DYNAMO; PENETRATION; REGION; ORIGIN; ELECTRODYNAMICS AB [1] Low-latitude ionospheric electric fields and currents are often strongly disturbed during periods of enhanced geomagnetic activity. These perturbations can last for several hours after geomagnetic quieting. We use incoherent scatter radar measurements from Jicamarca and Arecibo during 19-21 October 1998 to study, for the first time, the low-latitude disturbance electric fields during the recovery phase of a large magnetic storm. On 19 October the Jicamarca data showed initially large and short-lived (time scale of about 10-20 min) upward and westward drift perturbations in the early afternoon sector, due to the penetration of strong magnetospheric electric fields probably driven by an increase in the solar wind dynamic pressure. Following the decrease of auroral activity, very strong afternoon and nighttime zonal and vertical disturbance dynamo drifts were observed over Jicamarca but, surprisingly, only small and sporadic perturbation drifts were present over Arecibo. The latitudinal variation of the daytime zonal disturbance dynamo drifts during this day is in good agreement with that previously observed for thermospheric disturbance winds. The disturbance dynamo drifts also indicate significantly different local, storm time, and possibly latitudinal dependences for their vertical/perpendicular and zonal drift components, suggesting large variations in both the amplitude and direction of the disturbance dynamo electric field vector. In the next day, during moderately disturbed conditions, the daytime perturbation drifts were small, but following transient increases in geomagnetic activity, large upward/perpendicular drifts were observed near dusk over Jicamarca and Arecibo, where simultaneous westward perturbation drifts were also seen. These perturbations are consistent with the occurrence of strong prompt penetration electric fields reaching the magnetic equator. The measured prompt penetration drift patterns are generally in good agreement with predictions from global convection models. Later at night, under moderately disturbed conditions, relatively large zonal and meridional disturbance dynamo electric fields were observed by the two radars. Our results illustrate the large variability of the low-latitude perturbation electric fields relative to their climatological values after large storms, probably due to the importance of additional disturbance processes. They also indicate that a much deeper understanding of solar-wind/magnetospheric/ionospheric processes is required for accurate predictions of these electric fields. C1 Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84222 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fejer, BG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84222 USA. EM bfejer@cc.usu.edu; emmert@uap2.nrl.navy.mil NR 50 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 23 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A12 AR 1454 DI 10.1029/2003JA010190 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 761AA UT WOS:000187866400009 ER PT J AU Kelley, MC Haldoupis, C Nicolls, MJ Makela, JJ Belehaki, A Shalimov, S Wong, VK AF Kelley, MC Haldoupis, C Nicolls, MJ Makela, JJ Belehaki, A Shalimov, S Wong, VK TI Case studies of coupling between the E and F regions during unstable sporadic-E conditions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; plasma instabilities; plasma irregularities; coherent scatter radar; midlatitude spread F ID TRAVELING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES; MIDLATITUDE SPREAD-F; 1ST OBSERVATIONS; PLASMA STRUCTURE; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; FRONT CAMPAIGN; MAGNETIC FIELD; NIGHTGLOW; RADAR; IRREGULARITIES AB [1] Simultaneous F-region airglow, E-region coherent-scatter radar, and ionosonde observations were made in Greece during the summer sporadic-E season in 2002. In this paper we report on two case studies during which patchy sporadic-E layers were accompanied by midlatitude spread F, coherent VHF radar echoes (including two-stream echoes), and traveling ionospheric disturbances registered by the airglow instrument. We argue that these events give strong evidence that polarization electric fields are built up in the E region and are mapped upward to the F region, creating rising and falling regions in the bottomside plasma. The resulting structure creates conditions for midlatitude spread F, as detected by the ionosonde. This correlation between patchy sporadic E and midlatitude spread F is further supported in a companion paper. Upward coupling of this sort is particularly efficient in regions of F-region plasma uplift and airglow depletion, since the F-region Pedersen conductivity is low which reduces the electrical load on the E-region generator. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Greece. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Observ Athens, Inst Space Applicat & Remote Sensing, Palaia Penteli 15236, Greece. Moscow Phys Earth Inst, Moscow 123810, Russia. RP Kelley, MC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 318 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Haldoupis, Christos/G-5118-2011; Belehaki, Anna/L-5160-2013; Nicolls, Michael/N-8680-2013 OI Belehaki, Anna/0000-0002-9270-5387; Nicolls, Michael/0000-0001-8267-6327 NR 38 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 23 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A12 AR 1447 DI 10.1029/2003JA009955 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 761AA UT WOS:000187866400006 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Todd, MD Seaver, M Trickey, ST Pecora, LM Moniz, L AF Nichols, JM Todd, MD Seaver, M Trickey, ST Pecora, LM Moniz, L TI Controlling system dimension: A class of real systems that obey the Kaplan-Yorke conjecture SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; STRANGE ATTRACTORS; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; LYAPUNOV SPECTRUM; FRACTAL DIMENSION; IDENTIFICATION; INTERROGATION; EXPONENTS; INCREASE; CHAOS AB The Kaplan-Yorke conjecture suggests a simple relationship between the fractal dimension of a system and its Lyapunov spectrum. This relationship has important consequences in the broad field of nonlinear dynamics where dimension and Lyapunov exponents are frequently used descriptors of system dynamics. We develop an experimental system with controllable dimension by making use of the Kaplan-Yorke conjecture. A rectangular steel plate is driven with the output of a chaotic oscillator. We controlled the Lyapunov exponents of the driving and then computed the fractal dimension of the plate's response. The Kaplan-Yorke relationship predicted the system's dimension extremely well. This finding strongly suggests that other driven linear systems will behave similarly. The ability to control the dimension of a structure's vibrational response is important in the field of vibration-based structural health monitoring for the robust extraction of damage-sensitive features. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM peie@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 23 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 26 BP 15299 EP 15303 DI 10.1073/pnas.2535197100 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 757GL UT WOS:000187554600005 PM 14673073 ER PT J AU Rashba, EI Efros, AL AF Rashba, EI Efros, AL TI Efficient electron spin manipulation in a quantum well by an in-plane electric field SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION AB Electron spins in a semiconductor quantum well couple to an electric field via spin-orbit interaction. We show that the standard spin-orbit coupling mechanisms can provide extraordinarily efficient electron spin manipulation by an in-plane ac electric field. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rashba, EI (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NR 15 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 25 BP 5295 EP 5297 DI 10.1063/1.1635987 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 754QK UT WOS:000187341800059 ER PT J AU Hart, SJ Terray, AV AF Hart, SJ Terray, AV TI Refractive-index-driven separation of colloidal polymer particles using optical chromatography SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION PRESSURE; MANIPULATION; TRAP; FUNNEL; FORCES AB Separation of equivalently sized polystyrene, n=1.59, poly(methylmethacrylate), n=1.49, and silica, n=1.43, beads has been accomplished using optical chromatography. The optical separations were performed using a glass flowcell that permits the optical trapping laser to be lightly focused into the fluid pathway against the fluid flow. Separation occurs due to the balance of fluid and optical forces; particles come to rest when the force due to the fluid flow equals the radiation pressure force. The ability to optically separate particles based upon their refractive index opens avenues for the characterization of colloidal samples based upon chemical characteristics, in addition to size. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Hart, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6113,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 25 BP 5316 EP 5318 DI 10.1063/1.1635984 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 754QK UT WOS:000187341800066 ER PT J AU Campillo, AL Hsu, JWP AF Campillo, AL Hsu, JWP TI Intensity and phase mapping of guided light in LiNbO3 waveguides with an interferometric near-field scanning optical microscope SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; FIBER INTERFEROMETER; DEVICES; SYSTEM; RESOLUTION; GRATINGS AB The design and implementation of a phase-sensitive near-field scanning optical microscope incorporating both heterodyne interferometric detection and a phase feedback mechanism are described. Using this microscope we demonstrate a new method for measuring the effective index of the guided mode of a waveguide from the phase images. Two types of LiNbO3 waveguide, defined by titanium diffusion or annealed proton exchange, were studied. Both the profile and the effective index of the mode were measured experimentally. For titanium-diffused waveguides, both agree well with values determined from numerical simulation. In annealed proton-exchanged waveguides that contain periodically poled domains, we find evidence for backreflection from the boundaries between neighboring regions of opposite pole directions, which could result in transmission loss in this type of waveguide. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Campillo, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5652,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alc@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 36 BP 7149 EP 7156 DI 10.1364/AO.42.007149 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 756KB UT WOS:000187463300008 PM 14717291 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR AF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR TI On the topological evolution of the coronal magnetic field during the solar cycle SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : photosphere ID SUNSPOT CYCLE-21; FLUX; INTERPLANETARY; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; HOLES; SUN AB Using an axisymmetric model that includes the effects of flux emergence and surface transport processes, we calculate the evolution of the photospheric magnetic field over the solar cycle and derive a corresponding sequence of coronal configurations by means of a potential-field source-surface extrapolation. By identifying magnetic neutral points and tracking changes in the total flux within each topological domain, we construct an overall picture of how open and closed flux is transported as the coronal field reverses its polarity: 1. During the rising phase of the cycle, an X-point forms above the emerging flux (represented by a bipole structure) in each hemisphere, and the overlying, opposite-polarity field lines are "stripped away'' (reconnected to each side); at the same time, as the Sun's axial dipole strength decreases, open field lines from the polar coronal holes begin to merge at the equator and close down. 2. As the rate of flux emergence peaks, the X-point rises toward the source surface and the bipole opens up, forming a trailing-polarity hole on its poleward side, which evolves into the new-cycle polar hole; the leading-polarity open flux on the equatorward side of the bipole progressively closes down by merging with its opposite-hemisphere counterpart. 3. Later in the declining phase of the cycle, the opposite-hemisphere bipoles begin to reconnect with each other at an equatorial X-point, producing long trailing-polarity loops that rise toward the source surface and continue to feed flux into the new-cycle polar holes, and short leading-polarity loops that collapse toward the photosphere and eventually submerge. We compare the case in which the transport of the photospheric field is by supergranular diffusion alone with that in which both diffusion and a 20 m s(-1) poleward flow are present; the latter model is shown to reproduce more closely the coronal topologies inferred from the observed photospheric field. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7672, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2003 VL 599 IS 2 BP 1404 EP 1417 DI 10.1086/379348 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 756DX UT WOS:000187451500052 ER PT J AU Haymond, S Zak, JK Show, Y Butler, JE Babcock, GT Swain, GM AF Haymond, S Zak, JK Show, Y Butler, JE Babcock, GT Swain, GM TI Spectroelectrochemical responsiveness of a freestanding, boron-doped diamond, optically transparent electrode toward ferrocene SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on Analytical Horizons CY MAY 14-16, 2003 CL ELLECOM, NETHERLANDS DE optically transparent electrodes; diamond thin films; spectroelectrochemistry and ferrocene ID CHARGE-TRANSFER KINETICS; CARBON ELECTRODES; THIN-FILM; CELL; OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR; STANDARD; PLATINUM; SYSTEMS; SOLVENT AB The spectroelectrochemical responsiveness of an optically transparent diamond electrode (OTE) toward ferrocene was investigated. A freestanding, mechanically polished, boron-doped diamond disk (0.38 mm thick and 8 mm in diameter) served as the OTE for UV-Vis transmission spectroelectrochemical measurements. A specially designed, thin-layer spectroelectrochernical cell was constructed for the measurements in which ferrocene was electrooxidized to ferricinium ion via a one-electron redox reaction. The oxidation reaction product was spectroscopically monitored in the ultraviolet (lambda = 252, 285 nm) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Well-defined and highly stable spectroelectrochernical responses were observed for this type of diamond OTE. The results indicate that diamond is a useful OTE material for spectroelectrochemically studying nonaqueous redox reactions. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Silesian Tech Univ, Dept Chem, PL-44100 Gliwice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swain, GM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Swain, Greg/B-3023-2010 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Swain, Greg/0000-0001-6498-8351 NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD DEC 19 PY 2003 VL 500 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(03)00529-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 753DM UT WOS:000187216800009 ER PT J AU Li, XY Cao, H Zhang, CC Furtmueller, R Fuchs, K Huck, S Sieghart, W Deschamps, J Cook, JM AF Li, XY Cao, H Zhang, CC Furtmueller, R Fuchs, K Huck, S Sieghart, W Deschamps, J Cook, JM TI Synthesis, in vitro affinity, and efficacy of a bis 8-ethynyl-4H-imidazo[1,5a]-[1,4]benzodiazepine analogue, the first bivalent alpha 5 subtype selective BzR/GABA(A) antagonist SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMINOBUTYRIC ACID(A) RECEPTORS; RAT-BRAIN; GABA(A) RECEPTORS; PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTORS; OPIOID RECEPTOR; SUBUNITS; LIGANDS; IMIDAZOBENZODIAZEPINES; ALPHA-5-BETA-3-GAMMA-2 AB The synthesis and in vitro affinity of the alpha5beta3gamma2 (alpha5) subtype selective BzR/GABA(A) antagonist 7 is described. This ligand is selective for alpha5 subtypes in vitro and is a potent antagonist of the effects of diazepam only at alpha5beta3gamma2 subtypes (oocytes). Ligands such as 7 will be important in the determination of which physiological function(s) are subserved by this GABA(A) alpha5 subtype. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Med Univ Vienna, Brain Res Inst, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cook, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM capncook@esd.uwm.edu RI Sieghart, Werner/A-4877-2013; OI Sieghart, Werner/0000-0002-0443-0302; Huck, Sigismund/0000-0003-2022-5680; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH 46851] NR 32 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD DEC 18 PY 2003 VL 46 IS 26 BP 5567 EP 5570 DI 10.1021/jm034164c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 753RE UT WOS:000187243700002 PM 14667209 ER PT J AU Shenoy, DK Thomsen, DL Keller, P Ratna, BR AF Shenoy, DK Thomsen, DL Keller, P Ratna, BR TI Nonideal elasticity in liquid crystal elastomers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID POLYMER NETWORKS; MUSCLE AB Nematic elastomers undergo a phase change from an orientationally ordered nematic phase to a disordered isotropic phase when subjected to a temperature change. It is shown that such a phase change is both entropically and energetically driven. Isostrain data on a liquid crystal elastomer material is analyzed in terms of classical rubber elasticity theory. By separating the contributions to the total elastic restoring force into energetic and entropic components, the role of internal energy is assessed and shown to be significant. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Langley Res Ctr, Adv Mat & Proc Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. CNRS, UMR 168, Inst Curie, Sect Rech,Lab Phys Chem Curie, F-75231 Paris, France. RP Shenoy, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 18 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 50 BP 13755 EP 13757 DI 10.1021/jp0359900 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 753ZX UT WOS:000187279200001 ER PT J AU Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Boos, JB Katzer, DS Biermann, ML AF Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Boos, JB Katzer, DS Biermann, ML TI Laterally patterned band structure in micromachined semiconductors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; WAVE-GUIDES; STRAIN; GAAS; MODULATION; INP AB We demonstrate that micromachining lattice-matched InGaAs quantum wells grown on (001) InP with strained barriers produces precise laterally patterned modifications to the semiconductor band structure. The light-hole and heavy-hole excitonic transitions are mixed and differentially shifted by the micromachining, inducing a surface-normal optical anisotropy characterized by a peak birefringence of Deltan=0.028. The measured optical properties agree with calculations based on finite-element models of the strain combined with an eight-band k.p model that includes deformation potentials. This technique may find applications in fields such as surface-normal polarization modulators, quasi-phase matching, and optically-acitve piezoelectric materials. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 24 BP 4933 EP 4935 DI 10.1063/1.1633671 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 752RR UT WOS:000187181400013 ER PT J AU Zeng, CG Erwin, SC Feldman, LC Li, AP Jin, R Song, Y Thompson, JR Weitering, HH AF Zeng, CG Erwin, SC Feldman, LC Li, AP Jin, R Song, Y Thompson, JR Weitering, HH TI Epitaxial ferromagnetic Mn5Ge3 on Ge(111) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL SPIN INJECTION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; SEMICONDUCTOR; FILMS; MAGNETIZATION; TEMPERATURE; LIGHT AB Ferromagnetic Mn5Ge3 thin films were grown on Ge(111) with solid-phase epitaxy. The epitaxial relationship between the alloy film and substrate is Mn5Ge3(001)//Ge(111) with [100](Mn5)Ge-3//[1 (1) over bar0](Ge). The alloy films exhibit metallic conductivity and strong ferromagnetism up to the Curie temperature, T-C=296 K. These epitaxial alloy films are promising candidates for germanium-based spintronics. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zeng, CG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Li, An-Ping/B-3191-2012 OI Li, An-Ping/0000-0003-4400-7493 NR 19 TC 126 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 24 BP 5002 EP 5004 DI 10.1063/1.1633684 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 752RR UT WOS:000187181400036 ER PT J AU Trammell, SA Jhaveri, SD LaBrenz, SR Mauro, JM AF Trammell, SA Jhaveri, SD LaBrenz, SR Mauro, JM TI A comparative study of electrochemically and fluorometrically addressed molecular reporter groups: effects of protein microenvironment SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE apo-cytochrome c peroxidase; protein microenvironment; electrochemistry ID CYTOCHROME-C PEROXIDASE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CHEMICAL-MODIFICATION; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; BINDING PROTEIN; DESIGN; INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA; APOMYOGLOBIN; FLUORESCENCE; DENATURATION AB To probe the effects of protein microenvironment on electrochemically and fluorometrically addressed molecular reporter groups, genetically engineered apo-cytochrome c peroxidase derivatives W51C, A174C, K243C, and S246C, each containing a single cysteine residue, were labeled at identical sites with two kinds of microenvironment sensitive reporters, either an electrochemically active sulfhydryl-reactive reagent, [Ru(II)(NH3)(4)(1,10-phenanthroline-5-maleimide)](PF6)(2) [RuPA4] or a fluorescent 6-acryloyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene [acrylodan] probe. Two types of sites were labeled with each probe based on their predicted solvent accessibilities from the known structure for holo-cytochrome c peroxidase. One set of sites (K243C and S246C) was selected to be completely solvent exposed, while the other two sites (W51C and A174C) were less accessible, residing in or near the heme binding site. Spectroscopic properties of the fluorescent probe were consistent with predictions for relative solvent accessibilities; however, even the less solvent accessible probes reported a quite polar environment, suggesting that this region of the apo-protein is either substantially solvent exposed or undergoes significant dynamic motion. A linear correlation was observed between the lambda(max) of the metal to ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) absorption band of the RuPA4 complex and the acrylodan emission maximum for the four labeled apo-protein variants. The same trend occurred for the formal potential of RuPA4 versus the acrylodan emission maximum, with the exception of electrochemical probe behavior at position 174, possibly due to specific probe-protein interactions. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mauro, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(03)00206-9 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 749KK UT WOS:000186918900013 PM 14615096 ER PT J AU Baird, JK Fryauff, DJ Hoffman, SL AF Baird, JK Fryauff, DJ Hoffman, SL TI Primaquine for prevention of malaria in travelers SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; PLASMODIUM-VIVAX MALARIA; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; RADICAL CURE; PROPHYLAXIS; CHLOROQUINE; 8-AMINOQUINOLINES; INDONESIA; EFFICACY; STRAIN AB An expanding risk and range of endemic malaria threatens travelers. Primaquine is an old drug recently demonstrated to offer effective prophylaxis. Clinical trials conducted in Indonesia, Kenya, and Colombia showed that a primaquine base ( 30 mg per day) had protective efficacy against Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax of 85% - 93%. Among 339 children ( age, >8 years) and adults taking this regimen for 12 - 52 weeks, there was no greater risk of adverse symptomatic events among primaquine users than among recipients of placebo in double- blind studies. Among 151 subjects evaluated after 20 or 52 weeks of daily primaquine therapy, methemoglobinemia was found to be mild (<13%; typically <6%) and transient ( duration, < 2 weeks). We consider primaquine base ( 0.5 mg/ kg per day consumed with food) to be safe, well- tolerated, and effective prophylaxis against malaria for nonpregnant persons and those with normal glucose- 6- phosphate dehydrogenase levels. Primaquine's major advantage over most drugs for chemoprophylaxis is that it does not have to be taken before entering or beyond 3 days after leaving a malarious area. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Sanaria, Gaithersburg, MD USA. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. RP Baird, JK (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Amer Embassy, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. EM baird@nrcd.med.navy.mil NR 43 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1659 EP 1667 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 749VJ UT WOS:000186949300023 PM 14689349 ER PT J AU Ancona, MG Jhaveri, SD Lowy, DA Tender, LM Foos, EE Snow, AW AF Ancona, MG Jhaveri, SD Lowy, DA Tender, LM Foos, EE Snow, AW TI Modeling cyclic voltammetry of electrode-immobilized gold nanoclusters SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE modeling; voltammetry; gold; nanoclusters; Coulomb blockade; quantized charging ID NANOPARTICLES; FILMS AB The interaction that occurs between a supporting electrolyte and electrode-immobilized gold nanoclusters (GNCs) in voltammetric experiments is modeled with equivalent circuits. Several new versions of the Randles circuit are developed that are shown to better represent the electrical behavior of the clusters including their rectification effect. When combined with the orthodox theory of Coulomb blockade, these circuits also allow the quantized charging seen in cluster CVs to be simulated. From such modeling, the ratio of the ionic charging time to the electronic charging time is identified as the crucial factor determining whether or not quantized charging is observed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Ancona, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6813, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 48 IS 28 BP 4157 EP 4165 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2003.07.006 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 744RG UT WOS:000186645500007 ER PT J AU Nolas, GS Kendziora, CA Takizawa, H AF Nolas, GS Kendziora, CA Takizawa, H TI Polarized Raman-scattering study of Ge and Sn-filled CoSb3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; HIGH-PRESSURE; SKUTTERUDITES AB Raman-scattering spectra of Ge-filled and Sn-filled CoSb3 were studied as a function of polarization. Polarized Raman-scattering spectra of CoSb3 were used to help distinguish the symmetry of each vibrational mode observed in the filled skutterudite specimens. Seven out of the eight Raman-active Sb vibrational modes of CoSb3 and the Ge-filled skutterudites were identified for each specimen. We also compare our experimental assignments with theoretical calculations for CoSb3. The Sn atoms "rattle" inside the voids of the crystal structure and interact strongly with the lattice vibrations to shift and broaden the Sb-vibrational modes as compared to the spectra of CoSb3. The smaller and lighter Ge atoms however do not have such an effect on the lattice vibrations, indicating that the interaction of Ge with the lattice is relatively weak in comparison. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USN, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tohoku Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. RP Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM gnolas@cas.usf.edu NR 14 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 12 BP 7440 EP 7444 DI 10.1063/1.1628377 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 750AV UT WOS:000186969900008 ER PT J AU Greanya, VA Spector, MS Selinger, JV Weslowski, BT Shashidhar, R AF Greanya, VA Spector, MS Selinger, JV Weslowski, BT Shashidhar, R TI Acousto-optic response of nematic liquid crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ULTRASOUND AB The dependence of the acousto-optic response of two nematic liquid crystals on several possible future device parameters is investigated. Several paths for possible optimization are identified. A large enhancement of the acousto-optic response is obtained through optimization of the incident angle of the acoustic wave. The power required for a given cell to reach the maximum optical intensity is also reduced by adjusting the optical angle. This reduction comes at the expense of higher zero-field intensity, and therefore lowers the overall contrast. Finally, the acousto-optic response shows a significant dependence on liquid crystal layer thickness, scaling with the theoretically predicted fifth power of the cell thickness. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Selinger, JV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 12 BP 7571 EP 7575 DI 10.1063/1.1628381 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 750AV UT WOS:000186969900028 ER PT J AU Kalinowski, J Palilis, LC Kim, WH Kafafi, ZH AF Kalinowski, J Palilis, LC Kim, WH Kafafi, ZH TI Determination of the width of the carrier recombination zone in organic light-emitting diodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; QUANTUM YIELD; THIN-FILMS; EMISSION; EVOLUTION; TRANSPORT; POLYMER AB Bilayer organic light-emitting diodes based on tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum III have been fabricated where the thickness of the light-emitting layer was varied between 10 and 80 nm while maintaining a constant total thickness of the organic layers. The electroluminescence quantum efficiency of the devices was measured as a function of the emitter thickness, and used to determine the width of the carrier recombination zone at different electric fields. The width of the carrier recombination zone is found to decrease with an increase in electric field [from 70 nm (E=0.75 MV/cm) to 40 nm (E=1.0 MV/cm)]. It is also related to the field-dependent carrier injection efficiency. An estimate of the light output coupling factor (0.4) is also given based on this analysis. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Gdansk Tech Univ, Dept Mol Phys, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Kalinowski, J (reprint author), Gdansk Tech Univ, Dept Mol Phys, Ulisa G Narutowicza 11-12, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. NR 19 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 12 BP 7764 EP 7767 DI 10.1063/1.1624477 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 750AV UT WOS:000186969900060 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Paluch, M Rzoska, SJ AF Roland, CM Paluch, M Rzoska, SJ TI Departures from the correlation of time- and temperature-dependences of the alpha-relaxation in molecular glass-formers SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; DYNAMICS; DIMETHYLETHER; COOPERATIVITY; POLYISOPRENE; FRAGILITY; LIQUIDS AB There is a well-known correlation between the shape of the relaxation function (nonexponentiality) and the temperature-dependence of the relaxation times (e.g., fragility), with broader relaxations associated with steeper T-g-normalized temperature dependences. Herein, exceptions to this correlation are described. Five molecular glass-formers, all having very similar relaxation functions, are found to exhibit a range of fragilities. We also show for two of these materials that, while pressure does not affect the breadth of the relaxation function, it substantially reduces the fragility. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Katowice, Poland. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 23 BP 12439 EP 12441 DI 10.1063/1.1627295 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 750AW UT WOS:000186970000043 ER PT J AU Coy, L Stajner, I DaSilva, AM Joiner, J Rood, RB Pawson, S Lin, SJ AF Coy, L Stajner, I DaSilva, AM Joiner, J Rood, RB Pawson, S Lin, SJ TI High-frequency planetary waves in the polar middle atmosphere as seen in a data assimilation system SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID 4-DAY WAVE; BAROTROPIC INSTABILITY; STRATOSPHERE; MODEL; TRANSPORT; WINTER; MESOSPHERE; OZONE; JET AB The 4-day wave often dominates the large-scale wind, temperature, and constituent variability in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere winter near the stratopause. This study examines the winter Southern Hemisphere vortex of 1998 using 4-times-daily output from a data assimilation system to focus on the polar 2-day, wave-number-2 component of the 4-day wave. The data assimilation system products are from a test version of the finite volume data assimilation system (fvDAS) being developed at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and include an ozone assimilation system. Results show that the polar 2-day wave in temperature and ozone dominates over other planetary-scale disturbances during July 1998 at 70degreesS. The period of the quasi-2-day wave is somewhat shorter than 2 days (about 1.7 days) during July 1998 with an average perturbation temperature amplitude for the month of over 2.5 K. The 2-day wave propagates more slowly than the zonal mean zonal wind, consistent with Rossby wave theory, and has Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux divergence regions associated with regions of negative horizontal potential vorticity gradients, as expected from linear instability theory. Results for the assimilation-produced ozone mixing ratio show that the 2-day wave represents a major source of ozone variation in this region. The ozone wave in the assimilation system is in good agreement with the wave seen in the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) ozone observations for the same time period. Some differences from linear instability theory are noted, as well as spectral peaks in the ozone field, not seen in the temperature field, that may be a consequence of advection. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Coy, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7646,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Joiner, Joanna/D-6264-2012; da Silva, Arlindo/D-6301-2012; Stajner, Ivanka/B-5228-2009; Rood, Richard/C-5611-2008; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014 OI da Silva, Arlindo/0000-0002-3381-4030; Stajner, Ivanka/0000-0001-6103-3939; Rood, Richard/0000-0002-2310-4262; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 60 IS 24 BP 2975 EP 2992 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2975:HPWITP>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 750FY UT WOS:000186981700003 ER PT J AU Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID TI As-S and As-Se based photonic band gap fiber for IR laser transmission SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID AIR AB IR transmissive As- S glass and As- Se glass triangular photonic band gap fiber structures are theoretically modeled. The potential for propagation of air- guided modes in the defect regions of these fibers is demonstrated by the large out of plane two- dimensional photonic band gaps found in these structures. Fiber design for IR light propagation is discussed. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Shaw, LB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bshaw@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 11 IS 25 BP 3455 EP 3460 DI 10.1364/OE.11.003455 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 754PE UT WOS:000187324900016 PM 19471478 ER PT J AU Harris, MJ Share, GH Leising, MD AF Harris, MJ Share, GH Leising, MD TI Spatial and temporal variability of the gamma radiation from Earth's atmosphere during a solar cycle SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Earth atmosphere neutrons; X rays; gamma rays; solar activity cycle; energetic particles ID ENERGETIC PARTICLES; LOW ALTITUDES; COSMIC-RAYS; PROTONS; FLUXES AB [1] The Solar Maximum Mission satellite's Gamma Ray Spectrometer spent much of its 1980 - 1989 mission pointed at Earth, accumulating spectra of atmospheric albedo gamma-rays. Its 28degrees orbit ensured that a range of geomagnetic latitudes was sampled. We measured the variation with time and cutoff rigidity of some key gamma-ray lines which are diagnostic of the intensity of the Galactic cosmic radiation penetrating the geomagnetic cutoff and of the secondary neutrons produced in the atmosphere. We found that the intensities of nuclear lines at 1.6 MeV, 2.3 MeVand 4.4 MeV varied inversely with solar activity in cycles 21 - 22 as expected from the theory of solar modulation of cosmic rays. They were found to be strongly anticorrelated with cutoff rigidity, as expected from the theory of the cutoff, falling by a factor similar to 3.6 between the lowest (< 7 GV) and highest (> 13 GV) rigidities sampled. The solar cycle modulation was particularly marked at the lowest rigidities, reaching an amplitude of 16%. The ratios of the intensities of the lines produced by nuclear de-excitation ( 1.6 MeV, 2.3 MeV) and those from nuclear spallation ( 4.4 MeV) did not vary with either solar activity or cutoff rigidity, indicating that the shape of the secondary neutron spectrum in the atmosphere above 5 MeV was approximately constant over the times and regions sampled. If it is approximated by a power law in energy, we derive constraints on the absolute value of the power law index similar to - 1.15 - - 1.45 and better constraints on its variability, less than or equal to 5% over a solar cycle, and less than or equal to 6% over SMM's range of sampled cutoff rigidities. We also measured the intensity of the electron-positron annihilation line at 0.511 MeV. This line also varies with the solar cycle, but its variation with cutoff rigidity is weaker than that of the nuclear lines, falling by a factor 2 ( rather than 3.6) over SMM's range of sampled cutoff rigidities. This can be understood in terms of the energy dependences of the cross sections for positron production and for the hadronic interactions which produce secondary neutrons. C1 Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Harris, MJ (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, 1101 17th St NW,Suite 1004, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A12 AR 1435 DI 10.1029/2003JA009958 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 756RH UT WOS:000187494400003 ER PT J AU Olling, RP Dehnen, W AF Olling, RP Dehnen, W TI The Oort constants measured from proper motions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : fundamental parameters; Galaxy : kinematics and dynamics Galaxy : structure; solar neighborhood; stars : kinematics ID EXTRAGALACTIC REFERENCE SYSTEM; SAGITTARIUS A-ASTERISK; SPIRAL STRUCTURE; MILKY-WAY; GALACTIC ROTATION; HIPPARCOS-CATALOG; STELLAR KINEMATICS; TYCHO-2 CATALOG; GAS-DYNAMICS; SOLAR MOTION AB The Oort constants describe the local spatial variations of the stellar streaming field. The classic way for their determination employs their effect on stellar proper motions. We discuss various problems arising in this procedure. A large, hitherto apparently overlooked, source of potential systematic error arises from longitudinal variations of the mean stellar parallax, caused by intrinsic density inhomogeneities and interstellar extinction. Together with the reflex of the solar motion, these variations by mode mixing create contributions to the longitudinal proper motions (mu) over bar (l)* (l) that are indistinguishable from the Oort constants at less than or similar to20% of their amplitude. Fortunately, we can correct for this mode mixing using the latitudinal proper motions mu(b)(l). We use about 10(6) stars from the ACT/Tycho-2 catalogs brighter than V approximate to 11 with median proper-motion error of approximate to3 mas yr(-1), taking every precaution to avoid or correct for the various sources of systematic error, significant deviations from expectations based on a smooth axisymmetric equilibrium, in particular nonzero C for old red giant stars. We also find variations of the Oort constants with the mean color, which correlate nicely with the asymmetric drift of the subsample considered. In addition, these correlations are different in nature than those expected for an axisymmetric galaxy. The most reliable tracers for the "true" Oort constants are red giants, which are old enough to be in equilibrium and distant enough to be unaffected by possible local anomalies. For these stars we find, after correction for mode mixing and the axisymmetric asymmetric-drift effects, A approximate to 16, Bapproximate to - 17, A - B approximate to 33, and C approximate to - 10 kin s(-1) kpc(-1) with internal errors of about 1-2 and external error of perhaps the same order. These values are consistent with our knowledge of the Milky Way (flat rotation curve and Omega = A - B approximate to 28 +/- 2), based on observations made with the ESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. RP USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM olling@usno.navy.mil; wdehnen@aip.de NR 64 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 599 IS 1 BP 275 EP 296 DI 10.1086/379278 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 752FN UT WOS:000187149600022 ER PT J AU Bogdan, TJ Hansteen, MCV McMurry, A Rosenthal, CS Johnson, M Petty-Powell, S Zita, EJ Stein, RF McIntosh, SW Nordlund, A AF Bogdan, TJ Hansteen, MCV McMurry, A Rosenthal, CS Johnson, M Petty-Powell, S Zita, EJ Stein, RF McIntosh, SW Nordlund, A TI Waves in the magnetized solar atmosphere. II. Waves from localized sources in magnetic flux concentrations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE MHD; Sun : chromosphere; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : oscillations; sunspots ID CORONAL MAGNETOSTATIC ARCADES; SLOW MAGNETOACOUSTIC WAVES; ACOUSTIC-GRAVITY WAVES; FIELD LINE RESONANCES; PLANE SOUND-WAVES; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC WAVES; GRAVITATIONAL ATMOSPHERE; STRATIFIED ATMOSPHERE; PHOTOSPHERIC NETWORK; HYDROMAGNETIC-WAVES AB Numerical simulations of wave propagation in a two-dimensional stratified magneto-atmosphere are presented for conditions that are representative of the solar photosphere and chromosphere. Both the emergent magnetic flux and the extent of the wave Source. are spatially localized at the lower photospheric boundary of the simulation. The calculations show that the coupling between the fast and slow magneto-acoustic-gravity (MAG) waves is confined to thin quasi-one-dimensional atmospheric layers where the sound speed and the Alfven velocity are comparable in magnitude. Away from this wave conversion zone, which we call the magnetic canopy, the two MAG waves are effectively decoupled because either the magnetic pressure (B-2/8pi) or the plasma pressure (p=Nk(B)T) dominates over the other. The character of the fluctuations observed in the magneto-atmosphere depend sensitively on the relative location and orientation of the magnetic canopy with respect to the wave source and the observation point. Several distinct wave trains may converge on and simultaneously pass through a given location. Their coherent superposition presents a bewildering variety of Doppler and intensity time series because (1) some waves come directly from the source while others emerge from the magnetic canopy following mode conversion, (2) the propagation directions of the individual wave trains ate neither co-aligned with each other nor with the observer's line of sight, and (3) the wave trains may be either fast or slow MAG waves that exhibit different characteristics depending on whether they are observed in high-beta or low-beta plasmas (betaequivalent to8pip/B-2). Through the analysis of four numerical experiments a coherent and physically intuitive picture emerges of how fast and slow MAG waves interact within two-dimensional magneto-atmospheres. C1 Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, CPSS, Seabrook, MD 20770 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst Astron Phys & Geophys, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. RP Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RI Nordlund, Aake/M-4528-2014 OI Nordlund, Aake/0000-0002-2219-0541 NR 105 TC 174 Z9 175 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 599 IS 1 BP 626 EP 660 DI 10.1086/378512 PN 1 PG 35 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 752FN UT WOS:000187149600051 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Ruetzler, C Pandipati, S Spatz, M McCarron, RM Becker, K Hallenbeck, JM AF Chen, Y Ruetzler, C Pandipati, S Spatz, M McCarron, RM Becker, K Hallenbeck, JM TI Mucosal tolerance to E-selectin provides cell-mediated protection against ischemic brain injury SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FOCAL CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; ORAL TOLERANCE; ARTERY OCCLUSION; AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; T-CELLS; STROKE; RATS; INFLAMMATION; RESPONSES; SUPPRESSION AB We have demonstrated that induction of mucosal tolerance to E-selectin, a cytokine-inducible adhesion molecule restricted to activating blood vessels, prevents ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in spontaneously hypertensive, genetically stroke-prone (SHR-SP) rats. We now examine whether mucosal tolerance to E-selectin has protective effects in ischemic brain damage after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in SHR-SP rats and whether these effects are related to generation of regulatory T cells. Rats were exposed to intranasal administration of E-selectin every other day for 10 days (single tolerization group) or on two tolerization schedules separated by 11 days (booster tolerization group). Control groups received PBS on corresponding schedules. MCAO was performed 48 h after the last dose of E-selectin or PBS. There were 45.8% and 37.9% (P < 0.05) decreases of infarction volume in the E-selectin booster group compared with the PBS group at 6 and 48 h, respectively. Single tolerization with E-selectin had only a slight trend toward a decrease in infarction volume (6.3%). CD8-positive cells were decreased in brains of E-selectin booster animals (46.6%, P < 0.01) compared with controls; splenocyte-culture supernatant levels of IL-10 were increased (59.3%, P < 0.05) in E-selectin booster animals. A decrease of infarction volume (34%, P < 0.05) was also observed in SHR-SP rats subjected to MCAO after adoptive transfer of splenocytes from E-selectin-tolerized compared with PBS-tolerized donors. The results indicate that, in addition to preventing stroke, mucosal tolerance to E-selectin is cytoprotective. Thus, immunomodulation targeted to activated blood vessel segments can both reduce stroke occurrence and attenuate brain damage if a stroke supervenes. C1 NINDS, Stroke Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Resuscitat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hallenbeck, JM (reprint author), NINDS, Stroke Branch, NIH, 36 Convent Dr,MSC 4128, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 47 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 9 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 25 BP 15107 EP 15112 DI 10.1073/pnas.2436538100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 753JA UT WOS:000187227200090 PM 14645708 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Roland, CM TI Dielectric alpha-relaxation and ionic conductivity in propylene glycol and its oligomers measured at elevated pressure SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; HYDROGEN-BONDS; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; OXIDE); DEPENDENCE; BEHAVIOR; GLYCEROL AB Structural dynamics and volume were measured as a function of both temperature and pressure for a propylene glycol and its oligomers (PPG), and the results compared with previous data on higher molecular weight polypropylene glycols. PPG is of special interest because the terminal groups form hydrogen bonds; thus, by studying different molecular weights, the manner in which hydrogen bonding influences the dynamics in the supercooled regime can be systematically investigated. The fragility (T-g-normalized temperature dependence) of the dimer and trimer of PPG increases with pressure, similar to results for other H-bonded liquids, but different from van der Waals glass formers. This behavior is believed to be due to the effect of pressure in decreasing the extent of hydrogen bonding. From the combined temperature and volume dependences of the relaxation times, the relative degree to which thermal energy and volume govern the dynamics was quantified. With decreasing molecular weight, the relative contribution of thermal energy to the dynamics was found to strongly increase, reflecting the role of hydrogen bonding. By comparing the ionic conductivity and the dielectric relaxation times, a decoupling between rotational and translational motions was observed. Interestingly, this decoupling was independent of both pressure and molecular weight, indicating that hydrogen bonds have a negligible effect on the phenomenon. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 40 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 8 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 22 BP 11951 EP 11956 DI 10.1063/1.1624401 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 746PZ UT WOS:000186755900046 ER PT J AU Skyllingstad, ED Paulson, CA Pegau, WS McPhee, MG Stanton, T AF Skyllingstad, ED Paulson, CA Pegau, WS McPhee, MG Stanton, T TI Effects of keels on ice bottom turbulence exchange SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE keels; turbulence; sea ice; internal waves; ice-ocean exchange ID SEA-ICE; THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION; GREENLAND-SEA; EDDY SIMULATION; MODEL; SHEBA; FLOW; THERMODYNAMICS AB The effects of ice keels on the upper ocean are examined using a combination of turbulence measurements and output from a large-eddy simulation (LES) model. Two cases are examined, one during the winter when the under-ice boundary layer is relatively deep (similar to20 m) and near the freezing point and a second during the summer when the ice is melting and the boundary layer consists of a shallow (similar to0.5 m), highly stratified fresh layer. In the winter case, measurements show that flow disruption by a 10-m-deep keel causes enhanced vertical mixing, increasing the heat flux from a background value of similar to5 Wm(-2) to values averaging similar to25 Wm(-2). Simulations using the LES model are in good agreement with the measurements and indicate that the keel generates a turbulent wake region extending hundreds of meters downstream from the keel. Elevated heat fluxes in the wake region are generated by increased entrainment of warmer water from beneath the mixed layer. Simulations of summer cases demonstrate that shallow keels (similar to0.5 m) generate strong turbulence that is able to rapidly mix the fresh layer in the lee of keels. However, this effect decreases quickly as the fresh layer accelerates to match the ice velocity. Deeper keels (1 m) follow a similar pattern but generate more mixing as the fresh layer is forced under the keel. Simulated ice melt heat fluxes are similar to estimates made from ice balance measurements taken during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean summer field program. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. McPhee Res Co, Naches, WA 98937 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Skyllingstad, ED (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 Ocean Adv Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 4 PY 2003 VL 108 IS C12 AR 3372 DI 10.1029/2002JC001488 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 756MP UT WOS:000187483800002 ER PT J AU Pickhardt, PJ Choi, JR Hwang, I Butler, JA Puckett, ML Hildebrandt, HA Wong, RK Nugent, PA Mysliwiec, PA Schindler, WR AF Pickhardt, PJ Choi, JR Hwang, I Butler, JA Puckett, ML Hildebrandt, HA Wong, RK Nugent, PA Mysliwiec, PA Schindler, WR TI Computed tomographic virtual colonoscopy to screen for colorectal neoplasia in asymptomatic adults SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CT COLONOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS; POLYPS; CANCER; MULTICENTER; SIZE AB BACKGROUND: We evaluated the performance characteristics of computed tomographic (CT) virtual colonoscopy for the detection of colorectal neoplasia in an average-risk screening population. METHODS: A total of 1233 asymptomatic adults (mean age, 57.8 years) underwent same-day virtual and optical colonoscopy. Radiologists used the three-dimensional endoluminal display for the initial detection of polyps on CT virtual colonoscopy. For the initial examination of each colonic segment, the colonoscopists were unaware of the findings on virtual colonoscopy, which were revealed to them before any subsequent reexamination. The sensitivity and specificity of virtual colonoscopy and the sensitivity of optical colonoscopy were calculated with the use of the findings of the final, unblinded optical colonoscopy as the reference standard. RESULTS: The sensitivity of virtual colonoscopy for adenomatous polyps was 93.8 percent for polyps at least 10 mm in diameter, 93.9 percent for polyps at least 8 mm in diameter, and 88.7 percent for polyps at least 6 mm in diameter. The sensitivity of optical colonoscopy for adenomatous polyps was 87.5 percent, 91.5 percent, and 92.3 percent for the three sizes of polyps, respectively. The specificity of virtual colonoscopy for adenomatous polyps was 96.0 percent for polyps at least 10 mm in diameter, 92.2 percent for polyps at least 8 mm in diameter, and 79.6 percent for polyps at least 6 mm in diameter. Two polyps were malignant; both were detected on virtual colonoscopy, and one of them was missed on optical colonoscopy before the results on virtual colonoscopy were revealed. CONCLUSIONS: CT virtual colonoscopy with the use of a three-dimensional approach is an accurate screening method for the detection of colorectal neoplasia in asymptomatic average-risk adults and compares favorably with optical colonoscopy in terms of the detection of clinically relevant lesions. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Gastroenterol, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NCI, Div Canc Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Pickhardt, PJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, E3-311 Clin Sci Ctr,600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA. EM ppickhardt@mail.radiology.wisc.edu NR 33 TC 1213 Z9 1245 U1 2 U2 21 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 4 PY 2003 VL 349 IS 23 BP 2191 EP 2200 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa031618 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 749LH UT WOS:000186921700005 PM 14657426 ER PT J AU Butcher, RJ George, C Muratore, N Purdy, AP AF Butcher, RJ George, C Muratore, N Purdy, AP TI Trichloro(2,6-di-2-pyridylpyridine-kappa N-3)indium(III) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; COMPLEXES; LIGANDS AB In the title complex, [InCl3(C15H11N3)], the mutually trans bond lengths In-N [2.2438 (16) Angstrom] and In-Cl [2.4080 (5) Angstrom] are shorter than the other In - N and In - Cl bonds (each trans to their own kind). This trans influence was observed earlier in d(10) metal complexes of 2,6-di-2-pyridylpyridine. The crystal structure of (I) is stabilized by extensive intermolecular C-H...Cl hydrogen bonding. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Butcher, RJ (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Chem, 525 Coll St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD DEC PY 2003 VL 59 BP M1107 EP M1109 DI 10.1107/S1600536803024401 PN 12 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 748XL UT WOS:000186886200013 ER PT J AU Gilardi, R Evans, RN Manser, GE AF Gilardi, R Evans, RN Manser, GE TI 3,3-Bis(difluoroaminomethyl)oxetane, a promising new energetic material SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL AB The title compound, a promising new energetic material, 3,3-bis(difluoroaminomethyl)oxetane, (F2NCH2)(2)C(CH2)(2)O or C5H8F4N2O, contains two difluoroamine (NF2) substituents, rather uncommon energetic groups, which tend to be disordered in crystal structures. The molecule occupies a special position on a twofold axis, and its two equivalent difluoroamine groups show no signs of disorder. C1 USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Aerojet Prop, Sacramento, CA 95813 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD DEC PY 2003 VL 59 BP O2032 EP O2034 DI 10.1107/S1600536803027016 PN 12 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 748XL UT WOS:000186886200114 ER PT J AU Clark, DC AF Clark, DC TI Common acute hand infections SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID GONOCOCCAL FLEXOR TENOSYNOVITIS; HERPETIC WHITLOW; HUMAN BITES; MANAGEMENT; ACYCLOVIR; INJURIES; FINGER AB Hand infections can result in significant morbidity if not appropriately diagnosed and treated. Host factors, location, and circumstances of the infection are important guides to initial treatment strategies. Many hand infections improve with early splinting, elevation, appropriate antibiotics and, if an abscess is present, incision and drainage. Tetanus prophylaxis is indicated in patients who have at-risk infections. Paronychia, an infection of the epidermis bordering the nail, commonly is precipitated by localized trauma. Treatment consists of incision and drainage, warm-water soaks and, sometimes, oral antibiotics. A felon is an abscess of the distal pulp of the fingertip. An early felon may be amenable to elevation, oral antibiotics, and warm water or saline soaks. A more advanced felon requires incision and drainage. Herpetic whitlow is a painful infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. Early treatment with oral antiviral agents may hasten healing. Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis and clenched-fist injuries are more serious infections that often require surgical intervention. Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis is an acute synovial space infection involving a flexor tendon sheath. Treatment consists of parenteral antibiotics and sheath irrigation. A clenched-fist. injury usually is the result of an altercation and often involves injury to the extensor tendon, joint capsule, and bone. Wound exploration, copious irrigation, and appropriate antibiotics can prevent undesired outcomes. (Am Fam Physician 2003;68:2167-76. Copyright (C) 2003 American Academy of Family Physicians.). C1 USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. RP Clark, DC (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 11 BP 2167 EP 2176 PG 10 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 750WU UT WOS:000187022100005 PM 14677662 ER PT J AU Nakamura, K Roberson, ED Reilly, LG Tsao, JW AF Nakamura, K Roberson, ED Reilly, LG Tsao, JW TI Polyneuropathy following gastric bypass surgery SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID MORBID-OBESITY; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USN, Hosp Jacksonville, Dept Neurol, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Nakamura, K (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RI Roberson, Erik/A-5718-2009 OI Roberson, Erik/0000-0002-1810-9763 NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 115 IS 8 BP 679 EP 680 DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.05.002 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 748WK UT WOS:000186883800019 PM 14656629 ER PT J AU Haas, D McCullough, W Olsen, C Shiau, D Richard, J Fry, E McNamara, M AF Haas, D McCullough, W Olsen, C Shiau, D Richard, J Fry, E McNamara, M TI Comparing neonatal outcomes using different betamethasone dosing regimens SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 24th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine CY FEB 02-07, 2004 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med C1 Naval Hosp Camp Lejeune, Jacksonville, NC USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. USUHS, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 189 IS 6 SU S MA 385 BP S166 EP S166 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2003.10.387 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 761LP UT WOS:000187910500382 ER PT J AU Goforth, HW Laurent, D Prusaczyk, WK Schneider, KE Petersen, KF Shulman, GI AF Goforth, HW Laurent, D Prusaczyk, WK Schneider, KE Petersen, KF Shulman, GI TI Effects of depletion exercise and light training on muscle glycogen supercompensation in men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate loading; detraining; C-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy ID HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; INSULIN ACTION; DIET; PERFORMANCE; RESYNTHESIS; SYNTHETASE; ACTIVATION; STORAGE; BIOPSY AB Supercompensated muscle glycogen can be achieved by using several carbohydrate (CHO)-loading protocols. This study compared the effectiveness of two "modified" CHO-loading protocols. Additionally, we determined the effect of light cycle training on muscle glycogen. Subjects completed a depletion (D, n = 15) or nondepletion (ND, n = 10) CHO-loading protocol. After a 2-day adaptation period in a metabolic ward, the D group performed a 120-min cycle exercise at 65% peak oxygen uptake ((V) over dot O-2 peak) followed by 1-min sprints at 120% (V) over dot O-2 peak to exhaustion. The ND group performed only 20-min cycle exercise at 65% (V) over dot O-2 peak. For the next 6 days, both groups ate the same high-CHO diets and performed 20-min daily cycle exercise at 65% (V) over dot O-2 peak followed by a CHO beverage ( 105 g of CHO). Muscle glycogen concentrations of the vastus lateralis were measured daily with C-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. On the morning of day 5, muscle glycogen concentrations had increased 1.45 ( D) and 1.24 ( ND) times baseline ( P < 0.001) but did not differ significantly between groups. However, on day 7, muscle glycogen of the D group was significantly greater ( p < 0.01) than that of the ND group ( 130 +/- 7 vs. 104 +/- 5 mmol/l). Daily cycle exercise decreased muscle glycogen by 10 +/- 2 ( D) and 14 +/- 5 mmol/l ( ND), but muscle glycogen was equal to or greater than preexercise values 24 h later. In conclusion, a CHO-loading protocol that begins with a glycogen-depleting exercise results in significantly greater muscle glycogen that persists longer than a CHO-loading protocol using only an exercise taper. Daily exercise at 65% (V) over dot O-2 peak for 20 min can be performed throughout the CHO-loading protocol without negatively affecting muscle glycogen supercompensation. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Geocenters Inc, Newton, MA 02459 USA. RP Shulman, GI (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, 300 Congress Ave,S269, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000125, M01 RR-00125]; NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG023686, R01 AG023686-01A1]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK045735, R01 DK-49230, R01 DK-063192, R01 DK049230, P30 DK-45735]; PHS HHS [K-23 02734] NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 285 IS 6 BP E1304 EP E1311 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00209.2003 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 741TC UT WOS:000186474500019 PM 12902321 ER PT J AU Pickhardt, PJ AF Pickhardt, PJ TI Three-dimensional endoluminal CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy): Comparison of three commercially available systems SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYPS; PERFORMANCE; PITFALLS AB OBJECTIVE. The purposes of this study were to directly compare 3D endoluminal volume rendering and navigational capabilities of three different CT colonography systems and to assess feasibility of 3D evaluation for primary polyp detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Closely matched endoluminal images from three CT colonography software systems (Navigator, Vitrea 2, and V3D-Colon) and optical colonoscopy were obtained of eight pathologically proven colorectal polyps. All images were then reviewed by 25 physicians (12 radiologists and 13 gastroenterologists) who were not familiar with the three systems. For each polyp, the images yielded by the three systems were rated according to polyp conspicuity, 3D effect (depth), subjective quality, and likeness to optical colonoscopy. For comparison of endoluminal navigation capability, automated or semiautomated flight from rectum to cecum and cecum to rectum was attempted in 10 cases (20 flights) in which a continuous colonic air column could be identified on the 2D images. Additional 3D features were also compared. RESULTS. For polyp conspicuity, 3D effect, and likeness to optical colonoscopy, the V3D-Colon system was favored in 92.0% (184/200), 92.5% (185/200), and 92.5% (185/200) of responses, respectively (p < 0.001). For the same categories, the Navigator system ranked second in 73.0%, 74.0%, and 75.0% of cases, and the Vitrea 2 system ranked last in 79.0%, 77.5%, and 76.0% of cases, respectively. Automated or semiautomated navigation was successful in eight (40%) of 20 flights with Vitrea 2, in nine (45%) of 20 flights with Navigator, and in 20 (100%) of 20 flights with V3D-Colon (p < 0.001). The V3D-Colon system also had more navigational features than the other two systems. CONCLUSION. Pronounced subjective and objective differences in 3D endoluminal rendering and navigational capabilities exist among the systems evaluated. Of the three, effective time-efficient primary 3D evaluation appears to be feasible only with the V3D-Colon system. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Herbert Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Pickhardt, PJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Clin Sci Ctr E3 311, Dept Radiol, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA. NR 14 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 181 IS 6 BP 1599 EP 1606 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 746MG UT WOS:000186749700026 PM 14627581 ER PT J AU Zheng, T Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Zheng, T Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Performance optimization of an irreversible four-heat-reservoir absorption refrigerator SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; HEAT-TRANSFER LAW; THERMODYNAMICS AB On the basis of an endoreversible absorption refrigeration cycle model with linear phenomenological heat transfer law of Qproportional toDelta(T-1), an irreversible four-heat-reservoir cycle model is built by taking account of the heat resistance, heat leak and irreversibilities due to the internal dissipation of the working fluid. The fundamental optimal relation between the coefficient of performance (COP) and the cooling load, the maximum COP and the corresponding cooling load, as well as the maximum cooling load and the corresponding COP of the cycle coupled to constant-temperature heat reservoirs are derived by using finite-time thermodynamics. The optimal distribution relation of the heat-transfer surface areas is also obtained. Moreover, the effects of the cycle parameters on the COP and the cooling load of the cycle are studied by detailed numerical examples. The results obtained herein are of importance to the optimal design and performance improvement of real absorption refrigerators. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD DEC PY 2003 VL 76 IS 4 BP 391 EP 414 DI 10.1016/S0306-2619(03)00008-4 PG 24 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 727VV UT WOS:000185682300006 ER PT J AU Qin, XY Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Qin, XY Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Optimization for a steam turbine stage efficiency using a genetic algorithm SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE genetic algorithm; optimization; steam turbine; through-flow section; efficiency AB Based on the genetic optimization theory, a design method for the flow path of an axial flow steam turbine stage is presented. In this method the maximum efficiency of the stage is taken as the objective, a series of functions are taken as constraints, and the optimal geometric and aerodynamic parameters are solved using the genetic algorithm process. The efficiency and constraints evaluation are performed using a program for the thermodynamic calculation of steam turbine stages in the design condition. The fitness of each individual is determined by the turbine efficiency and a penalty function containing the constraints. The proposed method is applied to the design of a real steam turbine stage. The results show that the new method successfully reveals the optimal geometric and aerodynamic parameters of the stage for maximum efficiency. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. RP Wu, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 23 IS 18 BP 2307 EP 2316 DI 10.1016/S1359-4311(03)00213-8 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA 740PZ UT WOS:000186411900002 ER PT J AU Sekiya, JK Elkousy, HA Rodosky, MW AF Sekiya, JK Elkousy, HA Rodosky, MW TI Arthroscopic biceps tenodesis using the percutaneous intra-articular transtendon technique SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE biceps; tenodesis; arthroscopic ID LONG HEAD; ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; SHOULDER; BRACHII; STABILITY AB Traditional management of end-stage pain and degeneration of the proximal biceps tendon has included open tenodesis of the biceps tendon. Several methods have been described. More recently, however, arthroscopic techniques have been developed. This article introduces a novel method of arthroscopic biceps tenodesis that does not require any specialized hardware. C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Fondren Orthopaed Grp, Houston, TX USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, Shoulder & Elbow Serv, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. OI Elkousy, Hussein/0000-0002-0855-8792 NR 10 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD DEC PY 2003 VL 19 IS 10 BP 1137 EP 1141 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2003.10.022 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 758PJ UT WOS:000187659100013 PM 14673458 ER PT J AU Schneider, DP Fan, XH Hall, PB Jester, S Richards, GT Stoughton, C Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Vanden Berk, DE Anderson, SF Brandt, WN Gunn, JE Gray, J Trump, JR Voges, W Yanny, B Bahcall, NA Blanton, MR Boroski, WN Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Burles, S Castander, FJ Doi, M Eisenstein, D Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Margon, B Meiksin, A Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Nichol, RC Niederste-Ostholt, M Pier, JR Richmond, MW Rockosi, CM Saxe, DH Schlegel, DJ Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Uomoto, A York, DG AF Schneider, DP Fan, XH Hall, PB Jester, S Richards, GT Stoughton, C Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Vanden Berk, DE Anderson, SF Brandt, WN Gunn, JE Gray, J Trump, JR Voges, W Yanny, B Bahcall, NA Blanton, MR Boroski, WN Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Burles, S Castander, FJ Doi, M Eisenstein, D Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Margon, B Meiksin, A Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Nichol, RC Niederste-Ostholt, M Pier, JR Richmond, MW Rockosi, CM Saxe, DH Schlegel, DJ Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Uomoto, A York, DG TI The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog. II. First data release SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; quasars : general; surveys ID ABSORPTION-LINE QUASARS; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED QUASAR; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; ROSAT ALL-SKY; XMM-NEWTON; RADIO PROPERTIES; GALAXY SAMPLE; REDSHIFT AB We present the second edition of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Quasar Catalog. The catalog consists of the 16,713 objects in the SDSS First Data Release that have luminosities larger than M-i=-22 (in a cosmology with H-0=70 km s(-1) Mpc(-1), Omega(M)=0.3, and Omega(Lambda)=0.7), have at least one emission line with FWHM larger than 1000 km s(-1), and have highly reliable redshifts. The area covered by the catalog is approximate to1360 deg(2). The quasar redshifts range from 0.08 to 5.41, with a median value of 1.43. For each object, the catalog presents positions accurate to better than 0."2 rms per coordinate, five- band (ugriz) CCD-based photometry with typical accuracy of 0.03 mag, and information on the morphology and selection method. The catalog also contains some radio, near-infrared, and X-ray emission properties of the quasars, when available, from other large-area surveys. Calibrated digital spectra of all objects in the catalog, covering the wavelength region 3800-9200 Angstrom at a spectral resolution of 1800-2100, are available. This publication supersedes the first SDSS Quasar Catalog, which was based on material from the SDSS Early Data Release. A summary of corrections to current quasar databases is also provided. The majority of the objects were found in SDSS commissioning data using a multicolor selection technique. Since the quasar selection algorithm was undergoing testing during the entire observational period covered by this catalog, care must be taken when assembling samples from the catalog for use in statistical studies. A total of 15,786 objects (94%) in the catalog were discovered by the SDSS; 12,173 of the SDSS discoveries are reported here for the first time. Included in the new discoveries are five quasars brighter than i=16.0 and 17 quasars with redshifts larger than 4.5. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Microsoft Res, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Schneider, DP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Brandt, William/N-2844-2015; OI Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057 NR 61 TC 165 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 126 IS 6 BP 2579 EP 2593 DI 10.1086/379174 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 759EN UT WOS:000187725500001 ER PT J AU Vourlidas, A Wu, ST Wang, AH Subramanian, P Howard, RA AF Vourlidas, A Wu, ST Wang, AH Subramanian, P Howard, RA TI Direct detection of a coronal mass ejection-associated shock in large angle and spectrometric coronagraph experiment white-light images SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE shock waves; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID SLOW SHOCKS; TRANSIENT WAVES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR CORONA; SOHO MISSION; STREAMER; SIMULATION; MAXIMUM; DENSITY; BURSTS AB The Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph Experiment (LASCO) C2 and C3 coronagraphs recorded a unique coronal mass ejection (CME) on 1999 April 2. The event did not have the typical three-part CME structure and involved a small-filament eruption without any visible overlying streamer ejecta. The event exhibited an unusually clear signature of a wave propagating at the CME flanks. The speed and density of the CME front and flanks were consistent with the existence of a shock. To better establish the nature of the white-light wave signature, we employed a simple MHD simulation using the LASCO measurements as constraints. Both the measurements and the simulation strongly suggest that the white-light feature is the density enhancement from a fast-mode MHD shock. In addition, the LASCO images clearly show streamers being deflected when the shock impinges on them. It is the first direct imaging of this interaction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Interuniv Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. RP Vourlidas, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 47 TC 130 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 598 IS 2 BP 1392 EP 1402 DI 10.1086/379098 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 752FL UT WOS:000187149300057 ER PT J AU Fox, WC Lockette, W AF Fox, WC Lockette, W TI Unexpected syncope and death during intense physical training: Evolving role of molecular genetics SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE sudden death; special operations; diving; bradycardia; arrhythmia; exercise; rhabdomyolysis; swimming-induced pulmonary; edema; syncope; malignant hyperthermia; cardiomyopathy; vasode-pressor syncope; gene; heat injury ID LONG-QT SYNDROME; NEURALLY-MEDIATED SYNCOPE; RIGHT-VENTRICULAR CARDIOMYOPATHY; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; TORSADE-DE-POINTES; BLOOD-GAS BARRIER; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; PULMONARY-EDEMA; SUDDEN-DEATH; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE AB Fox WC, LOCKETTE W. Unexpected syncope and death during intense physical training: evolving role of molecular genetics. Aviat Space Environ Med 2003; 74:1223-30. Special operations forces (SOF) undergo an unparalleled degree of physical training. The medical officer responsible for these personnel must often deal with episodes of syncope that cannot be readily explained. in the past, loss of consciousness during heavy physical exertion was attributed to inadequate fluid intake resulting in dehydration or abnormalities in temperature regulation. However, many of those diagnoses, in retrospect, were probably incorrect. The occurrence of exercise-related syncope in multiple members of the same family suggested that there could be a genetic basis for the unexpected loss of consciousness during exercise. Intensive clinical examinations of these patients, coupled with current advances in molecular genetics, have shown this to be the case. We review some of the more common genetic abnormalities associated with exertion-related syncope. These syndromes should be considered by the medical officer presented with a patient having syncope of indeterminate cause. C1 USN, Special Warfare Command, San Diego, CA 92155 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Physiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Lockette, W (reprint author), USN, Special Warfare Command, 2000 Trident Way,Bldg 624, San Diego, CA 92155 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [2R01 HL50849, 1T35 HL07862] NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 74 IS 12 BP 1223 EP 1230 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 751XH UT WOS:000187115000001 PM 14692463 ER PT J AU Temme, LA AF Temme, LA TI Ethics in human experimentation: the two military physicians who helped develop the Nuremberg code SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Nuremberg Code; military medical history; medical history; human experiment ethics; Andrew C. Ivy; Leo Alexander ID ALEXANDER,LEO; COMMITTEE; HISTORY; WITNESS AB TEMME LA. Ethics in human experimentation: the two military physicians who helped develop the Nuremberg Code. Aviat Space Environ Med 2003; 74:1297-1300. The Nuremberg Code is generally considered the beginning of modern ethics in human experimentation. The Code is a list of 10 principles that Judge Walter Beals included in the judgment he delivered at the close of the Nuremberg Medical Trial on 19 August 1947. Recently, scholars have studied the origin of the Code, who wrote it, and why. This is important to military medicine and the Aerospace Medical Association in particular because many of the defendants claimed their crimes were experiments in aviation and environmental physiology conducted under wartime conditions. The chief prosecutor of the Nuremberg Medical Trial, General Telford Taylor, relied on the guidance of an advisor provided by the American Medical Association, Andrew C. Ivy, one of the foremost physiologists of his time. The neurologist, Leo Alexander, then a colonel in the U.S. Army Reserves, was another medical advisor. Both men were crucial to the development of Taylor's courtroom strategy. The material Alexander and Ivy provided was incorporated verbatim in the section of the judgment that became the Code. Although both men contributed to the Code, Ivy provided what seems to be the first formulation of many of these principles during a meeting of Allied medical investigators at the Pasteur Institute in July 1946. Naval researchers should note that Ivy had been the Director of the Research Division of the Naval Medical Research Institute when it was commissioned on October 27, 1942. C1 USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. RP Temme, LA (reprint author), USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, 51 Hovey Rd, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 74 IS 12 BP 1297 EP 1300 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 751XH UT WOS:000187115000014 PM 14692476 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Aronson, WJ Terris, MK Kane, CJ Amling, CL Dorey, F Presti, JC AF Freedland, SJ Aronson, WJ Terris, MK Kane, CJ Amling, CL Dorey, F Presti, JC TI The percentage of prostate needle biopsy cores with carcinoma from the more involved side of the biopsy as a predictor of prostate specific antigen recurrence after radical prostatectomy - Results from the shared equal access regional cancer hospital (SEARCH) database SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE prostate carcinoma; radical prostatectomy; prostate needle biopsy; cores; prostate specific antigen recurrence ID SEXTANT BIOPSIES; EXTRACAPSULAR EXTENSION; BIOCHEMICAL RECURRENCE; INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR; SYSTEMATIC SEXTANT; POSITIVE BIOPSIES; GLEASON SCORE; STAGE; RISK; MEN AB BACKGROUND. The authors previously found that, although the total percentage of prostate needle biopsy cores with carcinoma was a significant predictor of prostate specific antigen (PSA) failure among men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP), there was a trend toward a lower risk of recurrence in patients with positive bilateral biopsies, suggesting that high-volume, unilateral disease was a worse predictor of outcome than an equivalent number of positive cores distributed over two lobes. In the current study, the authors sought to compare the total percentage of cores with carcinoma directly with the percentage of cores from the more involved or dominant side of the prostate with carcinoma for their ability to predict outcome among men who underwent RP. METHODS. A retrospective survey of 535 patients from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital database who underwent RP at 4 different equal-access medical centers between 1988 and 2002 was undertaken. The total percentage of cores positive was compared with the percentage of cores positive from the dominant and nondominant sides for their ability to predict biochemical recurrence after RP. The best predictor then was compared with the standard clinical variables PSA, biopsy Gleason score, and clinical stage in terms of ability to predict time to PSA recurrence after RIP using multivariate analysis. RESULTS. The adverse pathologic features of positive surgical margins and extracapsular extension were significantly more likely to be ipsilateral to the dominant side on the prostate biopsy. The percentage of cores positive from the dominant side provided slightly better prediction (concordance index [C] = 0.636) for PSA failure than the total percentage of cores positive (C = 0.596) and markedly better than the percentage of cores from the nondominant side (C = 0.509). Cutoff points for percentage of cores positive from the dominant side were identified (< 34%, 34-67%, and > 67%) that provided significant risk stratification for PSA failure (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, the percentage of cores positive from the dominant side was the strongest independent predictor of PSA recurrence (P < 0.001). Biopsy Gleason score (P = 0.017) also was a significant, independent predictor of recurrence. There was a trend, which did not reach statistical significance, toward an association between greater PSA values and biochemical failure (P = 0.052). Combining the PSA level, biopsy Gleason score, and percentage of cores positive from the dominant side of the prostate resulted in a model that provided a high degree of prediction for PSA failure (C = 0.671). CONCLUSIONS. The percentage of cores positive from the dominant side of the prostate was a slightly better predictor of PSA recurrence than was the total percentage of cores positive. Using the percentage of cores from the dominant side along with the PSA level and the biopsy Gleason score provided significant risk stratification for PSA failure. Published 2003 by the American Cancer Society. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Hlth Care Syst, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. Vet Affairs Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Urol Sect, Palo Alto, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Brady Urol Inst, Dept Urol, Marburg 130,600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 98 IS 11 BP 2344 EP 2350 DI 10.1002/cncr.11809 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 745EU UT WOS:000186677000006 PM 14635068 ER PT J AU Wheeler, DS Maxwell, JM Poss, WB AF Wheeler, DS Maxwell, JM Poss, WB TI Surgical ligation of a residually patent arterial duct following failed occlusion using transcatheter coils SO CARDIOLOGY IN THE YOUNG LA English DT Article DE ductus arteriosus; congenital heart disease; cardiac catheterization ID HEMOLYSIS; CLOSURE AB Transcatheter techniques for occlusion of the persistently patent arterial duct using coils have become standard therapy at many centers for pediatric cardiology, and in selected patients have demonstrated comparable efficacy to surgical ligation. Surgical ligation may still be required in many cases, including premature infants or those born with low weight, those with ducts of large diameter, those with associated structural heart disease, and in circumstances of unsuccessful occlusion subsequent to attempted closure using coils. We report on the successful surgical ligation of an arterial duct of moderate size that exhibited residual patency despite two separate attempts at occlusion using coils. C1 Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Div Crit Care Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Cardiothorac Surg, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Cardiothorac Surg, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Int Heart Inst Montana, Missoula, MT USA. RP Wheeler, DS (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Childrens Med Ctr, 1446 Harper St,BT 2641, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. EM dewheeler@mcg.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GREENWICH MEDICAL MEDIA LTD PI LONDON PA 137 EUSTON RD, 4TH FLOOR, LONDON NW1 2AA, ENGLAND SN 1047-9511 J9 CARDIOL YOUNG JI Cardiol. Young PD DEC PY 2003 VL 13 IS 6 BP 574 EP 575 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Pediatrics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Pediatrics GA 769UR UT WOS:000188668600017 PM 14982303 ER PT J AU Biswas, AK AF Biswas, AK TI The effect of Drotrecogin alfa (Xigris) on hematologic parameters and blood product administration in critically ill children with septic shock SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 33rd Critical Care Congress of the Society-of-Critical-Care-Medicine CY FEB 20-25, 2004 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Soc Critical Care Med C1 USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 31 IS 12 SU S MA 437 BP A121 EP A121 PN 2 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 758LW UT WOS:000187636500427 ER PT J AU Carlyle, WM Fowler, JW Gel, ES Kim, B AF Carlyle, WM Fowler, JW Gel, ES Kim, B TI Quantitative comparison of approximate solution sets for bi-criteria optimization problems SO DECISION SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHMS; SELECTION AB We present the Integrated Preference Functional (IPF) for comparing the quality of proposed sets of near-pareto-optimal solutions to bi-criteria optimization problems. Evaluating the quality of such solution sets is one of the key issues in developing and comparing heuristics for multiple objective combinatorial optimization problems. The IPF is a set functional that, given a weight density function provided by a decision maker and a discrete set of solutions for a particular problem, assigns a numerical value to that solution set. This value can be used to compare the quality of different sets of solutions, and therefore provides a robust, quantitative approach for comparing different heuristic, a posteriori solution procedures for difficult multiple objective optimization problems. We provide specific examples of decision maker preference functions and illustrate the calculation of the resulting IPF for specific solution sets and a simple family of combined objectives. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Operat Res Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Carlyle, WM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Operat Res Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Fowler, John/E-9426-2011 OI Fowler, John/0000-0002-7112-8031 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0011-7315 J9 DECISION SCI JI Decis. Sci. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 63 EP 82 DI 10.1111/1540-5915.02254 PG 20 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 704FP UT WOS:000184328600003 ER PT J AU Putnam, SD Frenck, RW Riddle, MS El-Gendy, A Taha, NN Pittner, BT Abu-Elyazeed, R Wierzba, TF Rao, MR Savarino, SJ Clemens, JD AF Putnam, SD Frenck, RW Riddle, MS El-Gendy, A Taha, NN Pittner, BT Abu-Elyazeed, R Wierzba, TF Rao, MR Savarino, SJ Clemens, JD TI Antimicrobial susceptibility trends in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from a rural Egyptian pediatric population with diarrhea SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; INFECTIONS; QUINOLONE; AZITHROMYCIN; THAILAND; BACTERIA; ANIMALS AB Comparative and trend analysis was conducted on annual prevalence of antimicrobial susceptibility among Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli recovered from rural Egyptian children from 1995 through 2000. C jejuni and C coli demonstrated significant decreasing trends in ciprofloxacin susceptibility over the study period (p < 0.001 for both). In general, C coli demonstrated a higher degree of susceptibility than C. jejuni, however, there was no statistical difference (p = 0.2) comparing the linear trends over the duration of the study. There was no indication of frank macrolide (erythromycin or azithromycin) resistance among any Campylobacter. Moreover, there were statistically significant positive trends in both the MIC50 and MIC90 values for the erythromycin and azithromycin during the study period, suggesting a possible decreasing trend in susceptibility among Campylobacter. This study demonstrated that antimicrobial susceptibility in Campylobacter has significantly decreased from 1995 through 2000 among pediatric diarrhea cases in rural Egypt. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Res Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. Naval Med Res Unit 3, Enter Dis Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. Mayo Clin, Dept Immunol, Rochester, MN USA. NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. RP Putnam, SD (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Res Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM putnams@nmrc.navy.mil RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y1-HD-0026-01] NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 47 IS 4 BP 601 EP 608 DI 10.1016/S0732-8893(03)00154-8 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 761JJ UT WOS:000187897500009 PM 14711482 ER PT J AU Lorenzo, PS Dennis, PA AF Lorenzo, PS Dennis, PA TI Modulating protein kinase C (PKC) to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy: stepping into darkness SO DRUG RESISTANCE UPDATES LA English DT Review DE PKC; kinase; apoptosis; chemotherapy ID HUMAN-BREAST-CANCER; HUMAN LEUKEMIA-CELLS; CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES; DRUG-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; ESTER TUMOR PROMOTERS; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PHORBOL ESTERS AB The identification of molecules that promote chemotherapeutic resistance would allow rationally designed approaches to abrogate this resistance, thereby possibly improving clinical outcomes for patients with cancer. In this regard, the PKC family is attractive for targeting, because it is comprised of a family of isoforms that play key roles in multiple cellular processes and can contribute to cellular transformation. Encouraging in vitro data originally showed that approaches to modulate PKC activity through small-molecule inhibitors or genetic manipulation could affect tumor cell survival. Recently, some of these approaches have begun clinical testing. Early-stage clinical trials revealed scattered clinical responses to these agents, but the most recent clinical trials have shown that combining modulators of PKC with standard chemotherapy does not improve outcome over chemotherapy alone. In this review, we will trace the development of these approaches, and discuss possible explanations for the recent negative results. Importantly, we will suggest guidelines for the clinical evaluation of PKC modulators. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, NCI, Canc Therapeut Branch, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, Na Prod Program, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Dennis, PA (reprint author), USN, NCI, Canc Therapeut Branch, 8901 Wisconsin Ave,Bldg 8,Room 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM pd85f@nih.gov NR 119 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1368-7646 J9 DRUG RESIST UPDATE JI Drug Resist. Update PD DEC PY 2003 VL 6 IS 6 BP 329 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.drup.2003.10.003 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 774RY UT WOS:000188999600004 PM 14744497 ER PT J AU Luo, J Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Luo, J Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Optimum allocation of heat transfer surface area for cooling load and COP optimization of a thermoelectric refrigerator SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE thermoelectric refrigerator; cooling load; coefficient of performance; optimum allocation of heat transfer surface area; optimization ID IRREVERSIBLE POWER-PLANTS; PERFORMANCE AB The theory of finite time thermodynamics is applied to analyze and optimize the performance of a thermoelectric refrigerator, which is composed of multi-elements. For the fixed total heat transfer surface area of two heat exchangers, the ratio of the heat transfer surface area of the high temperature side heat exchanger to the total heat transfer surface area of the heat exchangers is optimized for maximizing the cooling load and the coefficient of performance of the thermoelectric refrigerator. The effects of various parameters on the optimum performance are analyzed. The results may provide guides for the analysis and optimization of practical thermoelectric refrigerators. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 44 IS 20 BP 3197 EP 3206 DI 10.1016/S0196-8904(03)00197-9 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 718ET UT WOS:000185132700004 ER PT J AU Lattimer, BY Sorathia, U AF Lattimer, BY Sorathia, U TI Thermal characteristics of fires in a noncombustible corner SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE corner fires; heat flux; flame length; gas temperature ID FLAME SPREAD; PLUMES AB A series of fire tests were conducted in a full-scale open corner with a ceiling to measure the thermal field generated by fires located in a corner. Fires were produced using different size (0.17, 0.30, and 0.50m) square and line propane burners with heat release rates ranging from 25 to 300 kW. Burner distance below the ceiling was also considered. Measurements included flame length, gas temperatures, and total incident heat flux onto the noncombustible corner boundaries. Flame lengths were related to Q*, with the burner dimension as the length scale, and were found to be similar to those measured in studies with no ceiling. By dividing the corner into three regions (corner walls (z/H < 0.8), top of the walls (z/H > 0.8), and ceiling, empirical relations for estimating the gas temperatures and incident heat fluxes were developed. Incident heat fluxes on the corner walls were measured to be similar to those in other studies. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hughes Associates Inc, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lattimer, BY (reprint author), Hughes Associates Inc, 3610 Commerce Dr,Suite 817, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. RI Lattimer, Brian/A-5114-2010 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 38 IS 8 BP 709 EP 745 DI 10.1016/S0379-7112(03)00065-1 PG 37 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 741VU UT WOS:000186481700003 ER PT J AU Lattimer, BY Sorathia, U AF Lattimer, BY Sorathia, U TI Thermal characteristics of fires in a combustible corner SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE combustible lining; composites; corner fire growth; heat flux; gas temperature; flame length; flame spread AB Three full-scale fire tests were performed with an area initiating fire in a combustible lined corner with a ceiling. In each of the three tests, the mock corner was lined with a different combustible material, plywood and two different composite materials. The area initiating fire was one of the ISO 9705 recommended standard ignition sources, a 0.17 m square propane sand burner with a heat release of 100kW for 10min followed by 300kW for 10min. Measurements of flame fronts, surface temperature, gas temperature, total heat flux, and total heat release rate were made during each of these tests. Heat flux and gas temperature data were found to be well represented by correlations developed from noncombustible fire tests. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hughes Associates Inc, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lattimer, BY (reprint author), Hughes Associates Inc, 3610 Commerce Dr,Suite 817, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. RI Lattimer, Brian/A-5114-2010 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 38 IS 8 BP 747 EP 770 DI 10.1016/S0379-7112(03)00066-3 PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 741VU UT WOS:000186481700004 ER PT J AU Lattimer, BY Hunt, SP Wright, M Sorathia, U AF Lattimer, BY Hunt, SP Wright, M Sorathia, U TI Modeling fire growth in a combustible corner SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE room-corner test; modeling; corner files; flame spread; fire growth; composites AB A fire growth model was developed to predict the flame spread and total heat release rate of a fire in a corner configuration with a combustible lining. Input data for the combustible lining were developed using small-scale test data from the ASTM E1354 cone calorimeter and ASTM E1321 LIFT. The fire growth model includes a flame spread model linked with a two zone compartment fire model, CFAST Version 3.1.2. At a user selected time interval, the flame spread model uses the gas temperature from CFAST to predict the heat release rate of the fire at that time interval, and then provides CFAST with a new heat release rate to predict conditions during the next time step. The flame spread model is an improved version of the flat wall flame spread model previously developed for the US Navy. The model is capable of predicting flame spread in a variety of configurations including a flat wall, a corner with a ceiling, flat wall with a ceiling, unconfined ceiling, and parallel walls. The model has been validated against ISO 9705 test data and was used in this study to simulate conditions that develop in three open corner tests each with a different lining material. The model was able to predict the heat release rate of the fire and provide a reasonable estimate of the flame fronts and flame lengths during the growing fire. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hughes Associates Inc, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lattimer, BY (reprint author), Hughes Associates Inc, 3610 Commerce Dr,Suite 817, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. RI Lattimer, Brian/A-5114-2010 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 38 IS 8 BP 771 EP 796 DI 10.1016/S0379-7112(03)00067-5 PG 26 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 741VU UT WOS:000186481700005 ER PT J AU Wang, WY Moses, T Linares, RC Shigley, JE Hall, M Butler, JE AF Wang, WY Moses, T Linares, RC Shigley, JE Hall, M Butler, JE TI Gem-quality synthetic diamonds grown by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method SO GEMS & GEMOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Brown-to-gray and near-colorless single-crystal type IIa synthetic diamonds grown using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique by Apollo Diamond Inc. have gemological properties that are distinct from those of both natural diamonds and HPHT-grown synthetic gem diamonds. The tabular crystals typically range up to 1 ct or more and a few millimeters thick, and consist of an overgrowth on a natural or synthetic diamond substrate. Faceted CVD synthetic diamond usually cannot be separated from natural diamond with standard gemological techniques; although when portions of the substrate are still present, an experienced gemologist may be able to recognize differences in luminescence or color between the overgrowth and substrate. In all cases, however, the CVD synthetic diamonds examined to date could be identified in a gemological laboratory by the combination of a strong orangy red fluorescence seen with the De Beers DiamondView deep-ultraviolet imaging system, a characteristic anomalous birefringence (strain) pattern, and distinctive features in their infrared absorption spectra (e.g., at 3123 cm(-1)) and photoluminescence spectra (strong 575 and 637 nm emissions, a doublet at 596 and 597 nm, and a line at 737 nm). C1 GIA Gem Lab, New York, NY USA. GIA Res, Carlsbad, CA USA. USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, WY (reprint author), GIA Gem Lab, New York, NY USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 26 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 18 PU GEMOLOGICAL INST AMERICA PI CARLSBAD PA 5345 ARMADA DRIVE, CARLSBAD, CA 92008 USA SN 0016-626X J9 GEMS GEMOL JI Gems Gemol. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 BP 268 EP 283 PG 16 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 802OS UT WOS:000220173400002 ER PT J AU O'Reilly, SE Hochella, MF AF O'Reilly, SE Hochella, MF TI Lead sorption efficiencies of natural and synthetic Mn and Fe-oxides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MANGANESE-DIOXIDE; FERROMANGANESE NODULES; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; METAL-IONS; ORGANIC MATERIAL; MINE TAILINGS; ADSORPTION; BIRNESSITE; SEDIMENTS; SOILS AB Lead sorption efficiencies (sorption per specific surface area) were measured for a number of natural and synthetic Mn and Fe-oxides using a flow-through reactor. The Mn-oxide phases examined included synthetic birnessite, natural and synthetic cryptomelane, and natural and synthetic pyrolusite; the Fe-oxides studied were synthetic akaganeite, synthetic ferrihydrite, natural and synthetic goethite, and natural and synthetic hematite. The sorption flow study experiments were conducted with 10 ppm, Pb with an ionic strength of either 0.01 M NaNO3 or 0.01 M KNO3, both at pH 5.5. The experimental effluent solution was analyzed using aqueous spectroscopic methods and the reacted solids were analyzed using microscopy (field emission scanning electron microscopy, FE-SEM), structure analysis (powder X-ray diffraction, XRD), bulk chemical spectroscopy (energy dispersive spectroscopy, EDS), and surface sensitive spectroscopy (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS). Overall and under these conditions, the synthetic Mn-oxides have higher sorption efficiencies than the natural Mn-oxides, which in turn are higher than the natural and synthetic Fe-oxides. Only natural pyrolusite had a sorption efficiency as low as the Fe-oxides. Most of the natural and synthetic Fe-oxides examined in this study removed about the same amount of Pb from solution once normalized to BET N-2 surface area, although synthetic akaganeite and hematite were significantly less reactive than the rest. It is suggested that the observed efficiency of Mn-oxides for Pb sorption is directly related to internal reactive sites in the structures that contain them (birnessite and cryptomelane, in the case of this study). Comparisons of solution data to XPS data indicated that Pb went into the interlayer of the birnessite, which was supported by XRD; similarly some Pb may go into the tunnels of the cryptomelane structure. Layer structures such as birnessite have the highest Pb sorption efficiency, while the 2 X 2 tunnel structure of cryptomelane has lower efficiencies than birnessite, but higher efficiencies than other Mn- or Fe-oxide structures without internal reactive sites. Copyright (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Virginia Tech, NanoGeosci & Technol Lab, Dept Geol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP O'Reilly, SE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7431,Bldg 1005, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 80 TC 124 Z9 137 U1 8 U2 73 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC PY 2003 VL 67 IS 23 BP 4471 EP 4487 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00413-7 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 746XB UT WOS:000186772000002 ER PT J AU Neal, AL Rosso, KM Geesey, GG Gorby, YA Little, BJ AF Neal, AL Rosso, KM Geesey, GG Gorby, YA Little, BJ TI Surface structure effects on direct reduction of iron oxides by Shewanella oneidensis SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; CYTOCHROME-C; AB-INITIO; HEMATITE(001) SURFACES; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; MULTIPLET STRUCTURE AB The atomic and electronic structure of mineral surfaces affects many environmentally important processes such as adsorption phenomena. They are however rarely considered relevant to dissimilatory bacterial reduction of iron and manganese minerals. In this regard, surface area and thermodynamics are more commonly considered. Here we take a first step towards understanding the nature of the influence of mineral surface structure upon the rate of electron transfer from Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 outer membrane proteins to the mineral surface and the subsequent effect upon cell "activity." Cell accumulation has been used as a proxy for cell activity at three iron oxide single crystal faces; hematite (001), magnetite (111) and magnetite (100). Clear differences in cell accumulation at, and release from the surfaces are observed, with significantly more cells accumulating at hematite (001) compared to either magnetite face whilst relatively more cells are released into the overlying aqueous phase from the two magnetite faces than hematite. Modeling of the electron transfer process to the different mineral surfaces from a decaheme (protoporphyrin rings containing a central hexacoordinate iron atom), outer membrane-bound cytochrome of S. oneidensis has been accomplished by employing both Marcus and ab initio density functional theories. The resultant model of electron transfer to the three oxide faces predicts that over the entire range of expected electron transfer distances the highest electron transfer rates occur at the hematite (001) surface, mirroring the observed cell accumulation data. Electron transfer rates to either of the two magnetite surfaces are slower, with magnetite (111) slower than hematite (00 1) by approximately two orders of magnitude. A lack of knowledge regarding the structural details of the heme-mineral interface, especially in regards to atomic distances and relative orientations of hemes and surface iron atoms and the conformation of the protein envelope, precludes a more thorough analysis. However, the results of the modeling concur with the empirical observation that mineral surface structure has a clear influence on mineral surface-associated cell activity. Thus surface structure effects must be accounted for in future studies of cell-mineral interactions. Copyright (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Neal, AL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Neal, Andrew/C-7596-2011 NR 88 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC PY 2003 VL 67 IS 23 BP 4489 EP 4503 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00386-7 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 746XB UT WOS:000186772000003 ER PT J AU Daulton, TL Bernatowicz, TJ Lewis, RS Messenger, S Stadermann, FJ Amari, S AF Daulton, TL Bernatowicz, TJ Lewis, RS Messenger, S Stadermann, FJ Amari, S TI Polytype distribution of circumstellar silicon carbide: Microstructural characterization by transmission electron microscopy SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review ID PRESOLAR SIC GRAINS; GIANT BRANCH STARS; S-PROCESS BA; MURCHISON METEORITE; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; INTERSTELLAR GRAINS; CARBON STARS; NOBLE-GASES; CRYSTAL GROWTH; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH AB Silicon carbide (SiC) is a particularly interesting species of presolar grain because it is known to form on the order of a hundred different polytypes in the laboratory, and the formation of a particular polytype is sensitive to growth conditions. Astronomical evidence for the formation of SiC in expanding circumstellar atmospheres of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) carbon stars is provided by infrared (IR) studies. However, identification of the crystallographic structure of SiC from IR spectra is controversial. Since >95% of the presolar SiC isolated from meteorites formed around carbon stars, a determination of the structure of presolar SiC is, to first order, a direct determination of the structure of circumstellar SiC. We therefore determined the polytype distribution of presolar SiC from the Murchison CM2 carbonaceous meteorite using analytical and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). High-resolution lattice images and electron diffraction of 508 individual SiC grains demonstrate that only two polytypes are present, the cubic 3C (beta-SiC) polytype (79.4% of population by number) and the hexagonal 2H (alpha-SiC) polytype (2.7%). Intergrowths of these two polytypes are relatively abundant (17.1%). No other polytypes were found. A small population of one-dimensionally disordered SiC grains (0.9%), whose high density of stacking faults precluded classification as any polytype, was also observed. The presolar origin of 2H a-SiC is unambiguously established by tens-of-nanometers-resolution secondary ion mass spectroscopy (NanoSIMS). Isotopic maps of a TEM-characterized 2H alpha-SiC grain exhibit non-solar isotopic compositions of C-12/C-13 = 64 +/- 4 and N-14/N-15 = 575 +/- 24. These measurements are consistent with mainstream presolar SiC thought to originate in the expanding atmospheres of AGB carbon stars. Equilibrium condensation calculations together with inferred mineral condensation sequences predict relatively low SiC condensation temperatures in carbon stars. The laboratory observed condensation temperatures of 2H and 3C SiC are generally the lowest of all SiC polytypes and fall within the predictions of the equilibrium calculations. These points account for the occurrence of only 2H and 3C polytypes of SiC in circurnstellar outflows. The 2H and 3C SiC polytypes presumably condense at different radii (i.e., temperatures) in the expanding stellar atmospheres of AGB carbon stars. Copyright (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Daulton, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM tdaulton@nrlscc.navy.mil NR 144 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC PY 2003 VL 67 IS 24 BP 4743 EP 4767 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00272-2 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 754NQ UT WOS:000187323600007 ER PT J AU Everett, HR AF Everett, HR TI Robotic security systems SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 USN, Div Head Robot, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Everett, HR (reprint author), USN, Div Head Robot, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1094-6969 J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 6 IS 4 BP 30 EP 34 DI 10.1109/MIM.2003.1251480 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 745XD UT WOS:000186715600006 ER PT J AU Cranch, GA Englund, MA Kirkendall, CK AF Cranch, GA Englund, MA Kirkendall, CK TI Intensity noise characteristics of erbium-doped distributed-feedback fiber lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser; fiber Bragg grating; fiber laser sensor; intensity noise ID PULSING BEHAVIOR; ION-CLUSTERS; FREQUENCY; SUPPRESSION; AMPLIFIERS; HYDROPHONE; STABILITY AB We present an experimental and theoretical investigation into the low-frequency intensity noise characteristics of erbium-doped distributed feedback (DFB) fiber lasers. The intensity noise characteristics of six nonidentical erbium-doped DFB fiber lasers are presented along with the characteristics of the grating and doped fibers. An analytical model has been used to predict the intensity noise generated in a linear fiber laser and explain the observed noise characteristics. Overall we find good agreement between our analytical model and observations. In particular, we find the intensity noise at frequencies close to the relaxation oscillation frequency significantly elevated due to excess noise from either spontaneous emission or cavity loss modulation. These results can be used to optimize the fiber laser design for sensor applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Redfurn Opt Components, Sydney, NSW 1430, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cranch, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5674, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1579 EP 1587 DI 10.1109/JQE.2003.819540 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 755XE UT WOS:000187436100012 ER PT J AU Kay, SM Gabriel, JR AF Kay, SM Gabriel, JR TI An invariance property of the generalized likelihood ratio test SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE signal detection; signal processing ID SUBSPACE DETECTORS; ADAPTIVE DETECTION AB The generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) is invariant with respect to transformations for which the hypothesis testing problem itself is invariant. This result from the statistics literature is presented in the context of some simple signal models. This is an important property of the GLRT in light of its widespread use and the recent interest in invariant tests applied to signal processing applications. The GLRT is derived for some examples in which the uniformly most powerful invariant (UMPI) test does and does not exist, including one in which the UMPI test exists and is not given by the GLRT. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Dept Combat Syst, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Kay, SM (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9908 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 12 BP 352 EP 355 DI 10.1109/LSP.2003.818865 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 745ZJ UT WOS:000186721100002 ER PT J AU Wang, L Wang, ZZ Yu, WS Zhang, L AF Wang, L Wang, ZZ Yu, WS Zhang, L TI Edge theorem for MIMO systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-FUNDAMENTAL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE edge theorem; interval polynomials; multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) systems; polynomial matrices; robustness analysis; uncertain systems ID INTERVAL CONTROL-SYSTEMS; ROBUST STABILITY; NP-HARD; MATRICES; POLYNOMIALS; PLANTS; CHECK AB This brief studies robustness of multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) systems with parametric uncertainties, and establishes an MIMO version of the Edge Theorem. An illustrative example is presented. C1 Peking Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Ctr Syst & Control, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Automat, Lab Complex Syst & Intelligence Sci, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Ctr Syst & Control, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM longwang@mech.pku.edu.cn; wzhzh@water.pku.edu.cn; wensheng.yu@mail.ia.ac.cn RI Yu, Wensheng/A-9280-2010; Wang, Long/A-7798-2010 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7122 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-I JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I-Fundam. Theor. Appl. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 12 BP 1577 EP 1580 DI 10.1109/TCSI.2003.819853 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 764GF UT WOS:000188198500011 ER PT J AU Chernin, D Antonsen, TM Levush, B AF Chernin, D Antonsen, TM Levush, B TI "Power holes" and nonlinear forward and backward wave gain competition in helix traveling-wave tubes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE backward wave oscillators (BWO); microwave amplifiers; simulation; stability; traveling-wave tube (TWT) ID STARTING CONDITIONS; OSCILLATORS; REFLECTIONS; AMPLIFIERS AB The output power of a forward wave linear beam amplifier like a helix traveling-wave tube (TWT) can show unexpected dips as a function of drive signal frequency in certain narrow frequency ranges. These dips, commonly called "power holes," can have serious consequences for the performance of the system of which the amplifier is a part. It is widely believed that these power holes, which only occur under large signal conditions, are due to the amplification of a backward wave space harmonic of a signal at a harmonic of the drive signal frequency, when the frequency of that harmonic happens to fall in the range of frequencies in which backward wave gain occurs. The resulting growth of the backward wave can compete with the forward wave gain, resulting in a reduction of output power at the drive frequency. Power holes can occur under conditions for which the backward wave oscillator (BWO) instability does not occur, i.e., the backward wave gain is finite, not infinite. In this paper, we report on a study of power holes using the large signal helix TWT code, CHRISTINE 3D. In particular we demonstrate the connection between backward wave gain and the depth of the power holes. We show that the frequency range over which backward wave gain occurs can be different than that predicted by small signal BWO theory when a large amplitude forward wave signal is present. This effect is due to the destabilization of the fast beam space charge wave, interacting with the backward wave under large signal conditions. We review commonly used methods to reduce the backward wave gain, and argue that any of these should reduce the depth of the power holes. The choice of one or another gain reduction method will depend on various engineering design constraints, and on cost. We suggest that a code like CHRISTINE 3D can be helpful in making this choice. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Chernin, D (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM chernind@saic.com RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 12 BP 2540 EP 2547 DI 10.1109/TED.2003.819252 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 762WC UT WOS:000188004300029 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, CM TI Electromagnetic-field theory and numerically generated results for propagation in left-handed guided-wave single-microstrip structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 08-13, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE MTT S DE dispersion diagrams; field distributions; left-handed media (LHM); microstrip ID PHOTONIC BAND-GAP; NEGATIVE INDEX; MEDIA; REFRACTION AB Dispersion diagrams and magnetic- and electric-field distributions are found for a microstrip structure containing a simple left-handed medium (LHM). The LHM material constituting the substrate has characteristics chosen to overlap with potentially realizable substances. Calculations are done using a fast solver anisotropic Green's function spectral-domain computer code. The theoretical-field method, valid for complex layered structures and anisotropies in the LHM, underlying the computational procedure, which is critical for finding the dispersion diagrams and field distributions, is presented. It is found that the dispersion diagrams and field distributions are very unusual and admit the possibility of completely new device realizations based on combining LHM with conventional materials in a multilayered configuration. C1 USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 51 IS 12 BP 2269 EP 2283 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2003.819194 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 764GW UT WOS:000188200000002 ER PT J AU Cressler, JD Krithivasan, R Sutton, AK Seiler, JE Krieg, JF Clark, SD Joseph, AJ AF Cressler, JD Krithivasan, R Sutton, AK Seiler, JE Krieg, JF Clark, SD Joseph, AJ TI The impact of gamma irradiation on SiGeHBTs operating at cryogenic temperatures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE cryogenic temperatures; gamma irradiation; radiation; SiGe; SiGe heterohunction bipolar transistor (HBT) ID BASE BIPOLAR TECHNOLOGY; TOLERANCE; HBTS AB We show that silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) are naturally suited for space applications requiring operation of electronics at cryogenic temperatures, and present the first comprehensive investigation of the effects of gamma irradiation on the characteristics of SiGe HBTs operating at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K). We find that exposure to 1 Mrad total dose at 77 K produces significantly less base current degradation than exposure at 300 K, and hence the total dose tolerance of SiGe HBTs, which is already excellent at room temperature without intentional hardening, improves with cooling. We compare 77 and 300 K radiation results in order to better understand the damage mechanisms. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. IBM Microelect, Essex Jct, VT 05401 USA. RP Cressler, JD (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM cressler@ece.gatech.edu RI Krithivasan, Ramkumar/D-3549-2011 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1805 EP 1810 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.820747 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800010 ER PT J AU Messenger, SR Burke, EA Xapsos, MA Summers, GP Walters, RJ Jun, I Jordan, T AF Messenger, SR Burke, EA Xapsos, MA Summers, GP Walters, RJ Jun, I Jordan, T TI NIEL for heavy ions: An analytical approach SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE displacement damage; nortionizing energy loss (NIEL); nuclear stopping power ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; PROTON-RADIATION AB We describe an analytical model, for calculating nonionizing energy loss (NIEL) for heavy ions based on screened Coulomb potentials in the nonrelativistic limit. The model applies to any incident ion on any target material where the Coulomb interaction, is primarily responsible for atomic displacement. Results are compared with previous methods of extracting NIEL from Monte Carlo SRIM runs. Examples of NIEL calculations are given for incident ions having energies ranging from the threshold for atomic displacement to 1 GeV. The incident ions include H, He, B, Si, Fe, Xe, and An. Example targets include Si, GaAs, InP, and SiC. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EMP Consultants, Gaithersburg, MD 20885 USA. RP Messenger, SR (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM messenger@nrl.navy.mil; edaburke@rcn.com; Michael.A.Xapsos@nasa.gov; gsummers@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; rwalters@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; Insoo.Jun@jpl.nasa.gov; tj@empc.com NR 12 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1919 EP 1923 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.820762 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800028 ER PT J AU Jun, I Xapsos, MA Messenger, SR Burke, EA Walters, RJ Summers, GR Jordan, T AF Jun, I Xapsos, MA Messenger, SR Burke, EA Walters, RJ Summers, GR Jordan, T TI Proton nonionizing energy loss (NIEL) for device applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE MCNPX; nonionizing energy loss (NIEL); ziegler-biersack-littmark (ZBL) screened potential ID INTRANUCLEAR-CASCADE CALCULATION; DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; SPACE; PARTICLES; SILICON AB The proton-induced nonionizing energy loss (NIEL) for representative device materials, are presented for the energy range between the displacement damage threshold to 1 GeV. All interaction mechanisms (Coulomb and nuclear elastic/nonelastic) are fully accounted, for in the present NIEL calculations. For Coulomb interactions, them Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark (ZBL) screened potential Was used in the lower energy range (<50 MeV) and the relativistic formulation was used in the higher energy range (less than or equal to50 MeV). A charged particle transport code, MCNPX, was used to compute the NIEL due to nuclear interactions. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EMP Consultants, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Jun, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Insoo.Jun@jpl.nasa.gov; Michael.A.Xapsos@nasa.gov; messenger@nrl.navy.mil; ed-aburke@rcn.com; rwalters@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; gsummers@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; tj@empc.com NR 25 TC 92 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1924 EP 1928 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.820760 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800029 ER PT J AU Mrstik, BJ Hughes, HL Gouker, P Lawrence, RK McMarr, PJ AF Mrstik, BJ Hughes, HL Gouker, P Lawrence, RK McMarr, PJ TI The role of nanoclusters in reducing hole trapping in ion implanted oxides SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE charge injection; charge trapping; cluster formation; ion implantation; photoluminescence; proton trapping; radiation effects; silicon dioxide ID THERMAL SIO2 LAYERS; SILICON; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NANOCRYSTALS; SIO2-FILMS; CHARGE; PASSIVATION; ELECTRON; EMISSION; HYDROGEN AB At the 2000 IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference, it was shown that the negative shift in flatband voltage that results from hole injection is reduced in oxides that have been implanted with large doses of Al, Si, or P ions. In the present paper, we study, the basic mechanism responsible for this reduced shift in the flatband voltage in mote detail by comparing electron and hole trapping in Si and Ar implanted oxides. We find that in Si implanted oxides, the reduction in the shift of the flatband voltage is accompanied by the formation of entities in the oxide that have a large electron capture cross section, and that can become positively charged by photoemitting electrons. Photoluminescence studies indicate that these entities are Si nanoclusters. Oxides implanted with large doses of Ar do not form clusters, and these oxides show neither a reduction,in the shift of the flatband voltage nor the formation of large capture cross-section electron traps. We show evidence that the nanoclusters reduce the shift of the flatband voltage by trapping protons formed during hole injection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. SFA Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. RP Mrstik, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mrstik@estd.nrl.navy.mil; hughes@estd.nrl.navy.mil; pgouker@ll.mil.edu; rklawrence@erols.com; riskater@aol.com NR 29 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1947 EP 1953 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821382 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800033 ER PT J AU McMarr, PJ Nelson, ME Hughes, H Delikat, KJ AF McMarr, PJ Nelson, ME Hughes, H Delikat, KJ TI 14-MeV neutron and Co-60 gamma testing of a power MOSFET optocoupler SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE neutron radiation effects; optical couplers; power MOSFETs; radiation effects ID SILICON DEVICES; RADIATION AB The effect of radiation from neutron activation of package materials was studied using a power MOSFET optocoupler as the test device. The optocouplers were exposed to 14-MeV neutrons to a fluence of 1 X 10(11), n/cm(2), with the devices switching during exposure. Electrical characterization was performed after each neutron exposure. A separate set of optocouplers was then irradiated using a Co-60 source. These results combined with gamma ray spectroscopy showed that radiation from neutron activation had a significant effect on the electrical parameters of the optocouplers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McMarr, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM riskater@aol.com; nelson@gw-mail.usna.edu; hughes@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2030 EP 2037 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821394 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800045 ER PT J AU Dirk, JD Nelson, ME Ziegler, JF Thompson, A Zabel, TH AF Dirk, JD Nelson, ME Ziegler, JF Thompson, A Zabel, TH TI Terrestrial thermal neutrons SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE ambient neutron flux; BPSG; electronic reliability; sea level cosmic rays; sea level neutrons; soft errors; thermal neutrons ID SEA LEVEL; SPECTRUM; ENERGY AB The first NIST-traceable measurements of environmental thermal neutrons have been completed The average sea level flux of thermal neutrons is 4 cm(2)/hr. This flux changes less than two times over wide varieties of terrain, in all weather conditions and over the solar year. The neutron flux is normalized to 39N-76.5W. This flux scales with geomagnetic Lat/Long and with altitude in a manner similar to the flux of incident energetic cosmic rays. The shielded flux has been measured under 450 g/cm(2), with a residual flux of 0.1 times the sea-level value. Preliminary shielding studies inside buildings and under water shows significant variability in the thermal neutron mean attenuation coefficient. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. IBM Res Corp, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Dirk, JD (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM Nelson@USNA.edu; Ziegler@SRIM.org; AlanThompson@NIST.gov; Zabel@us.ibm.com NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2060 EP 2064 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821587 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800049 ER PT J AU Clark, KA Ross, AA Loomis, HH Weatherford, TR Fouts, DJ Buchner, SP McMorrow, D AF Clark, KA Ross, AA Loomis, HH Weatherford, TR Fouts, DJ Buchner, SP McMorrow, D TI Modeling single-event effects in a complex digital device SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE fault modeling; fault propagation; radiation effects; single-event effects; single-event transients; single-event upsets; transient propagation ID COMBINATIONAL LOGIC; CHARGE COLLECTION; PULSED-LASER; SEU; SIMULATION; UPSET; VULNERABILITY; SYSTEMS; ERRORS AB A methodology to quantify the impact of SEEs on complex digital devices has been developed. This methodology is based on the SEE State-Transition Model and was validated by radiation testing of a complex digital device. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. QSS Grp Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Clark, KA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kclark@ssdd.nrl.navy.mil; aross@nps.navy.mil; loomis@nps.navy.mil; weatherf@nps.navy.mil; fouts@nps.navy.mil; sbuchner@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; mcmorrow@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2069 EP 2080 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821793 PN 1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800051 ER PT J AU Liu, ST Heikkila, WW Golke, KW Anthony, D Hurst, A Kirchner, G Jenkins, WC Hughes, HL Mitra, S Ioannou, DE AF Liu, ST Heikkila, WW Golke, KW Anthony, D Hurst, A Kirchner, G Jenkins, WC Hughes, HL Mitra, S Ioannou, DE TI Single event effects in PDSOI 4 M SRAM fabricated in UNIBOND SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE heavy ion; memory cell; proton; radiation hard; single event upset (SEU); SOI; SRAM; total dose ID SOI MOSFETS; TRANSISTORS; TECHNOLOGY; DESIGN; UPSETS AB Heavy ion and proton single event upsets of 4 M SOI SRAM with a hardened delay element in each memory cell were evaluated. These 4 M SRAM were fabricated in UNIBOND substrates using a radiation hardened partially depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS technology. Limiting heavy ion upset cross-section of 1.2 x 10(-10) cm(2) /bit has been achieved. Limiting proton upset cross-section of 1.1 x 10(-17) cm(2) /bit has also been obtained. C1 Honeywell SSEC, Plymouth, MN 55441 USA. USN, Res Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, ST (reprint author), Honeywell SSEC, Plymouth, MN 55441 USA. EM mike.liu@honeywell.com; walt.heikkila@honeywell.com; keith.golke@honeywell.com; danny.anthony@honeywell.com; al.hurst@honeywell.com; gary.kirchner@honeywell.com; jenkins@estd.nrl.navy.mil; hughes@estd.nrl.navy.mil; smitra1@gmu.edu; dioannou@gmu.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2095 EP 2100 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821832 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800054 ER PT J AU McMorrow, D Lotshaw, WT Melinger, JS Buchner, S Boulghassoul, Y Massengill, LW Pease, RL AF McMorrow, D Lotshaw, WT Melinger, JS Buchner, S Boulghassoul, Y Massengill, LW Pease, RL TI Three-dimensional mapping of single-event effects using two photon absorption SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE analog single-event effects; laser-induced single-event effects; LM124 operational amplifier; nonlinear absorption; single-event transients ID BIPOLAR LINEAR CIRCUITS; PULSED-LASER; SIMULATION; TRANSIENTS; CHARGE; SETS AB Carrier generation based on subbandgap two-photon absorption is used to perform three-dimensional mapping of the single-event transient response of the LM124 operational amplifier. Three classes of single-event-induced transients are observed for the input transistor Q20. A combination of experiment and transistor level modeling is used to assign the different classes, of, measured transients to charge collection across specific junctions. The large-amplitude, positive-going transients cannot be assigned to a single junction, and are identified with a collector-substrate photocurrent. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. QSS Grp Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2199 EP 2207 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.820742 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800068 ER PT J AU Titus, JL Su, Y Savage, MW Mickevicius, RV Wheatley, CF AF Titus, JL Su, Y Savage, MW Mickevicius, RV Wheatley, CF TI Simulation study of single-event gate rupture using radiation-hardened stripe cell power MOSFET structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE DESSIS; failure mechanism; gate rupture; heavy ion track; impact ionization; ISE; MOSFETs; physical mechanism; SEGR; stripe cell; three-dimensional; two-dimensional ID TECHNOLOGY AB A two-dimension simulation study of single-event gate rupture (SEGR) in radiation-hardened stripe cell power MOSFETs is reported. Simulations are performed on stripe-cell structures employing three different neck widths. A simple methodology is presented showing how these simulations can be used to approximate the drain and gate biases required to induce SEGR. These biases are then compared with the experimental data and found to be in good agreement. By means of simulations, we investigated the effects of various physical mechanism's and input parameters, which are likely to be important in SEGR and found that impact ionization plays a crucial role in the process. The simulations show that the N+ source and P+ plug are critical to the hardened design (narrower neck widths). Clearly, simulations could become a useful tool in evaluating certain design and processing variations. C1 NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Integrated Syst Engn Inc, San Jose, CA 95113 USA. RP Titus, JL (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM jtitus@atd.crane.navy.mil NR 11 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2256 EP 2264 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821584 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800076 ER PT J AU Turflinger, TL Campbell, AB Schmeichel, WM Walters, RJ Krieg, JE Titus, JL Reeves, M Marshall, PW Pease, RL AF Turflinger, TL Campbell, AB Schmeichel, WM Walters, RJ Krieg, JE Titus, JL Reeves, M Marshall, PW Pease, RL TI ELDRS in space: An updated and expanded analysis of the bipolar ELDRS experiment on MPTB SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm ID RATE SENSITIVITY ELDRS; RADIATION ENVIRONMENT; LINEAR CIRCUITS; MOS DEVICES; IRRADIATION; DAMAGE; CREAM; CREDO AB The MPTB experiment established enhanced low dose rate sensitivity (ELDRS) in space for bipolar linear circuits. Data are updated through orbit 3719, dosimetry corrected, and displacement damage and the rate of degradation as a function of dose rate are examined with new analyses. C1 NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NRL, Brookneal, VA 24528 USA. RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. RP Turflinger, TL (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM turflinger@atd.crane.navy.mil; campbell@cc-salpha3.nrl.navy.mil; pwmarshall@aol.com; rpease@mrcmicroe.com NR 17 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2328 EP 2334 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.820772 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800088 ER PT J AU Titus, JL Wheatley, CF AF Titus, JL Wheatley, CF TI SEE characterization of vertical DMOSFETs: An updated test protocol SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE critical ion energy; energy response; ion energy model; MOSFETs; penetration depth; single-event burnout (SEB); single-event gate rupture (SEGR); worst-case criteria; 30 to 1000 V ID POWER MOSFETS; SEGR FAILURE; ION ENERGY; TECHNOLOGY AB The test protocols for power MOSFETs used in the manufacturer's specification sheets are inadequate in that they do not represent a realistic worst-case condition. In addition, the applicable single-event effects (SEE) test methods And guidelines do not provide sufficient details to the user as to what conditions should be used, placing an undue burden on them. This, paper addresses several of these deficiencies and others. We present a new test protocol; we suggest a new approach to describe the SEE response; and we provide a model to predict critical ion energies that should produce a worst-case response. C1 NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Titus, JL (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM jtitus@atd.crane.navy.mil NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2341 EP 2351 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.820733 PN 1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800090 ER PT J AU Schuck, PW Bonnell, JW Kintner, PM AF Schuck, PW Bonnell, JW Kintner, PM TI A review of lower hybrid solitary structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE density depletions; interferometry; lower-hybrid cavities; lower-hybrid collapse; lower-hybrid solitary structures; rotating eigenstates; scattering; spikelets; transversely accelerated ions ID TRANSVERSE ION-ACCELERATION; PLASMA-WAVE OBSERVATIONS; MULTIPLE ELECTROSTATIC-WAVES; X-RAY-EMISSION; AURORAL PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; TRANSIT-TIME INTERACTIONS; PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; LARGE-AMPLITUDE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; WHISTLER WAVE C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Schuck, PW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schuck@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil NR 269 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1125 EP 1177 DI 10.1109/TPS.2003.822043 PN 1 PG 53 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 775AX UT WOS:000189019500004 ER PT J AU Gregor, JA Fernsler, RF Meger, RA AF Gregor, JA Fernsler, RF Meger, RA TI Measurement of a planar discharge and its interaction with a neutral background gas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beam-generated plasma; discharge; microwave-beam steering; plasma sheet ID ELECTRON-BEAMS; LARGE-AREA; PLASMAS AB The evolution of a weakly ionized magnetized sheet plasma generated in 100-200 mtorr air has been investigated. A 1.2 x 50 cm hollow cathode imbedded in a 250 Gauss magnetic field was used to produce a 50 x 60 x 2-cm planar plasma sheet with an electron density n(e) congruent to 10(12) cm(-3). Such plasmas have applications in microwave beam steering and plasma processing. Time-resolved measurements of the discharge parameters, local electric field, electron density and temperature, optical emissions, and microwave transmission show the effects of neutral gas heating on formation of the plasma. A beam-generated negative glow discharge was formed at low neutral gas density and high beam voltage. At higher gas densities and lower beam voltages, a positive column discharge sustained by avalanche ionization formed in the region near the anode. For pulsed discharges with t > 150 mus, a transition from the positive column to the negative glow mode was observed due to heating of the neutral gas. C1 Natl Transportat Safety Board, Washington, DC 20594 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gregor, JA (reprint author), Natl Transportat Safety Board, Washington, DC 20594 USA. EM gregorj@ntsb.gov; fern@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; meger@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1305 EP 1312 DI 10.1109/TPS.2003.820965 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 775AZ UT WOS:000189019700005 ER PT J AU Hazelton, RC Yadlowsky, EJ Moschella, JJ Carlson, ER Vidoli, C Niemel, J Failor, BH Coleman, PL Levine, JS Song, Y Sze, HM Thornhill, JW AF Hazelton, RC Yadlowsky, EJ Moschella, JJ Carlson, ER Vidoli, C Niemel, J Failor, BH Coleman, PL Levine, JS Song, Y Sze, HM Thornhill, JW TI Interferometric measurement of physical phenomena during the implosion phase of a puff-on-puff Z-pinch load on double-EAGLE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE holographic interferometry; phase-step reconstruction; Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability; z-pinch ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; GAS-PUFF; PLASMA; PREIONIZATION; INSIGHTS AB Theoretical studies have predicted that the disruptive role of the Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability on the current conduction and implosion characteristics of annular Z-pinch loads will be mitigated by mass accretion if uniform fill or multiple annular shell loads are used. Holographic interferometry was used to study these physical processes during the implosion phase of puff-on-puff loads on a terawatt accelerator. Both axial (r-z) density perturbation and azimuthal (tau-theta) filamentation modes of the R-T instability were observed. Significant ionization (Z approximate to 3 - 10) of the inner gas puff atoms was observed below the anode grid before the outer puff had imploded to this radial position. Radiation hydrodynamic calculations indicate that photoionization by radiation from the outer current carrying shell could not account for this ionization. Current flowing on the inner gas puff could be the source of this ionization. The effect of these physical processes on the radiation yield from z-pinches warrants further investigation. C1 HY Tech Res Corp, Radford, VA 24141 USA. Titan Syst Co, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. Alameda Appl Sci Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hazelton, RC (reprint author), HY Tech Res Corp, Radford, VA 24141 USA. EM bhazelton@hytechresearch.com NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1355 EP 1362 DI 10.1109/TPS.2003.821582 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 775AZ UT WOS:000189019700013 ER PT J AU Elrefaei, M El-sheikh, N Kamal, K Cao, H AF Elrefaei, M El-sheikh, N Kamal, K Cao, H TI HCV-specific CD27(-) CD28(-) memory T cells are depleted in hepatitis C virus and Schistosoma mansoni co-infection SO IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; IN-VIVO; IL-15; PHENOTYPE; INFECTION; DIFFERENTIATION; PROLIFERATION; ANTIGEN; HOMEOSTASIS; GENERATION AB Factors that influence the generation and maintenance of memory CD8(+) T cells are not fully understood. The homeostasis of memory T cells is highly dynamic and tightly regulated by various stimuli, including cytokines and antigen-major histocompatibility complex ligands. We characterized the hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses in a cohort of HCV-infected individuals with or without Schistosoma mansoni co-infection from Egypt. We observed a significantly decreased CD27(-) CD28(-) (late differentiated) memory T-cell population in the HCV co-infected individuals compared to those with HCV infection alone. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the CD27(+) CD28(+) (early differentiated) memory T cells between the two groups. Analysis of human cytomegalovirus-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses in the same individuals failed to reveal a similar pattern of altered memory T-cell differentiation. Thus, S. mansoni co-infection targets a specific subset of memory CD8(+) T cells in HCV infection. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Al Azhar Univ, Fac Med Girls, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Elrefaei, M (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,VRDL, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0019-2805 J9 IMMUNOLOGY JI Immunology PD DEC PY 2003 VL 110 IS 4 BP 513 EP 518 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01769.x PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 747GU UT WOS:000186797500015 PM 14632650 ER PT J AU Fish, FE Miklosovic, DS Murray, MM Howle, LE AF Fish, FE Miklosovic, DS Murray, MM Howle, LE TI Delayed stall due to leading edge tubercles of the humpback whale flipper SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Integrative Comparative Biol C1 W Chester Univ, W Chester, PA 19380 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 6 BP 903 EP 903 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 831ZI UT WOS:000222235200405 ER PT J AU Romano, JA Rittschof, D Holm, ER McClellan-Green, P AF Romano, JA Rittschof, D Holm, ER McClellan-Green, P TI Possible endocrine disruption in Balanus amphitrite after exposure to fouling-release coatings SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Integrative Comparative Biol C1 Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Washington, DC 20376 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Carderock Div, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1021 EP 1021 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 831ZI UT WOS:000222235200872 ER PT J AU Barlow, JG AF Barlow, JG TI Perilous memories: The Asia-Pacific war(s). SO INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Barlow, JG (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIMON FRASER UNIV, INT HISTORY REVIEW PI BURNABY PA EAA 2015, BURNABY, BC V5A 1S6, CANADA SN 0707-5332 J9 INT HIST REV JI Int. Hist. Rev. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 25 IS 4 BP 949 EP 950 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 774AL UT WOS:000188957500048 ER PT J AU Jordan, SA AF Jordan, SA TI The turbulent character and pressure loss produced by periodic symmetric ribs in a circular duct SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article DE rib-wall ducts; large-eddy simulation; turbulent shear layers; pressure loss ID HEAT-TRANSFER; SQUARE RIBS; ROUGHNESS; FRICTION; CHANNELS; MODEL; FLOWS; PLANE AB The structural character and steady-state statistics of the turbulence inside a rib-wall circular duct is investigated by the large-eddy simulation (LES) methodology. The impetus of this study is to gain an understanding of the principle physics attributing to minimizing the pressure recovered (or maximizing the pressure loss) within the core flow. For a rib periodicity with height (h) to pitch (p) ratio p/h = 5, the computational results show that the majority of turbulence produced due to the rib's presence is concentrated near the rib crest leading edge. Pairs of counter-rotating streamwise vortices form soon after the leading edge that are quickly convected radially toward the core flow. The turbulent activity within the duct trough region is negligible compared to the turbulence levels of the core flow. At this rib periodicity, the separated shear layers from the trailing edge of each rib nearly reattach to the trough floor before reaching the next rib. The resultant irrecoverable pressure loss in the form a centerline frictional coefficient is verified by an 'at-sea' test on board a US Navy submarine. Based on the duct diameter, their Reynolds numbers are Re-D(LES) = 8 x 10(3) and (Re-D(exp))(avg) = 4 x 10(6), respectively. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Jordan, SA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 74 Bldg 1346-4, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0142-727X J9 INT J HEAT FLUID FL JI Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow PD DEC PY 2003 VL 24 IS 6 BP 795 EP 806 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatfluid.flow.2003.07.001 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 748WA UT WOS:000186883000002 ER PT J AU Vogler, TJ Thornhill, TF Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC Grady, DE Wilson, LT Hurricane, OA Sunwoo, A AF Vogler, TJ Thornhill, TF Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC Grady, DE Wilson, LT Hurricane, OA Sunwoo, A TI Fragmentation of materials in expanding tube experiments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hypervelocity Impact Symposium CY DEC 07-11, 2003 CL NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS DE failure; fragmentation AB The phenomena of dynamic fracture and fragmentation are important in a variety of engineering applications. Computational modeling of these events presents unique challenges, not the least of which is the experimental validation of models. In this report, we describe recent developments on a technique for the expansion and fragmentation of tubes using a two-stage light gas gun. Because of the controlled environment of the experiment, a variety of diagnostic techniques can be employed. The available instrumentation, along with the repeatability of the technique, makes it well suited for model validation experiments. We present results of experiments on two materials, which provide insight into the physics of the process. Results of a limited number of simulations performed with CTH are also presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Appl Res Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Vogler, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Vogler, Tracy/B-4489-2009 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1-10 BP 735 EP 746 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2003.10.020 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 753LC UT WOS:000187232000065 ER PT J AU Yankielun, NE Clark, JH AF Yankielun, NE Clark, JH TI Laboratory experiments with an optical instrument for measuring, recording and imaging washover SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE washover; towed body; visualization AB Washover is the condition of occasional, partial or complete inundation of the surface of a body floating in water. Washover is typically caused by wave and wind action. A knowledge of the 3-dimensional spatial and temporal parameters of seawater washover of towed bodies, fixed and free drifting buoys, and other maritime powered, tethered and free-floating bodies is extremely helpful in understanding and improving their hydrostatic and hydrodynamic performance under a wide variety of sea states. Here we discuss the theory, implementation and initial testing of a newly developed fiber-optic-based method for 3-D spatial and temporal detection, measurement and visualization of washover (patent pending). This system is intended to provide real-time 3-D spatial and temporal detection, measurement and visualization of washover in freshwater, seawater, and possibly other transparent or translucent fluids. The system permits simultaneous, noninteracting measurements of temporal and spatial washover dynamics, along with measurements of water wave/electromagnetic interaction measurements for near-sea-surface antennas. Data can be acquired and displayed in real time, as well as stored for post-processing and analysis. The principles of the system have been bench tested and show promise for open-ocean washover testing of near-sea-surface buoyant towed bodies. In addition, temporal and spatial optical-based washover measurement is expected to provide an empirically based benchmarking process for computational fluid dynamic assessments of turbulent flow around arbitrarily shaped surface-towed or self-propelled bodies. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Yankielun, NE (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SOC OFFSHORE POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1053-5381 J9 INT J OFFSHORE POLAR JI Int. J. Offshore Polar Eng. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 274 EP 279 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 754LM UT WOS:000187318700006 ER PT J AU Natterer, F Cheney, M Borden, B AF Natterer, F Cheney, M Borden, B TI Resolution for radar and x-ray tomography SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR AB Radar imaging and x-ray computed tomography (CT) are both based on inverting the Radon transform. Yet radar imaging can make images from as little as two degrees of aperture while x-ray CT typically requires an aperture of at least 120degrees. Our discussion addresses this phenomenon. C1 Univ Munster, Inst Numer & Instrumentelle Math, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Natterer, F (reprint author), Univ Munster, Inst Numer & Instrumentelle Math, D-48149 Munster, Germany. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 19 IS 6 BP S55 EP S63 AR PII S0266-5611(03)62478-0 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/19/6/054 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 763CQ UT WOS:000188054600005 ER PT J AU Nash, GR Ashby, MK Lindle, JR Gordon, NT Bewley, WW Meyer, JR Giess, J Haworth, L Ashley, T AF Nash, GR Ashby, MK Lindle, JR Gordon, NT Bewley, WW Meyer, JR Giess, J Haworth, L Ashley, T TI Long wavelength infrared negative luminescent devices with strong Auger suppression SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTODIODES AB We have investigated the negative luminescent properties of HgCdTe photodiodes having peak emission at a wavelength of 7.6 mum, as a function of temperature and applied bias. Under reverse bias at room temperature, intrinsic Auger processes are almost fully suppressed. The internal negative luminescence efficiency of approximate to85% is nearly independent of temperature in the 240-300 K range, and at 296 K corresponds to an apparent temperature reduction of 43 K. The small currents needed to drive these diodes (as little as 0.7 A/cm(2) at 296 K), together with their long-wavelength luminescence, make them suitable for a range of device applications. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 QinetiQ, Malvern Technol Ctr, Malvern WR14 3PS, Worcs, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nash, GR (reprint author), QinetiQ, Malvern Technol Ctr, Malvern WR14 3PS, Worcs, England. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 11 BP 7300 EP 7304 DI 10.1063/1.1625094 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 742AM UT WOS:000186492600049 ER PT J AU DuBose, DA Wenger, CB Flinn, SD Judy, TA Dubovtsev, AI Morehouse, DH AF DuBose, DA Wenger, CB Flinn, SD Judy, TA Dubovtsev, AI Morehouse, DH TI Distribution and mitogen response of peripheral blood lymphocytes after exertional heat injury SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leukocytes; lymphocyte subsets; hyperthermia; heat stress; heatstroke; flow cytometry; exercise; phytohemagglutinin ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSE; ENDURANCE EXERCISE; LEUKOCYTE SUBSETS; ACUTE HEATSTROKE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; STROKE; HYPERTHERMIA; EXPRESSION; ILLNESS AB To determine whether immune disturbances during exertional heat injury (EHI) could be distinguished from those due to exercise (E), peripheral lymphocyte subset distributions and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated CD69 mitogen responses as discriminated by flow cytometry were studied in military recruits [18.7 +/- 0.3 (SE) yr old] training in warm weather. An E group (3 men and 3 women) ran 1.75-2 miles. During similar E, 11 recruits (10 men and 1 woman) presented with suspected EHI. EHI (40.4 +/- 0.3degreesC) vs. E (38.6 +/- 0.2degreesC) body temperature was significantly elevated (P < 0.05). Heat illness was largely classified as EHI, not heatstroke, because central nervous system manifestations were generally mild. Blood was collected at E completion or EHI onset (0 h) and 2 and 24 h later. At 0 h (EHI vs. E), suppressor, natural killer, and total lymphocyte counts were significantly elevated, helper and B lymphocyte counts remained similar, and the helper-to-suppressor ratio was significantly depressed. By 2 h, immune cell dynamics between groups were similar. From 0 to 24 h, T lymphocyte subsets revealed significantly reduced phytohemagglutinin responses (percent CD69 and mean CD69 fluorescent intensity) in EHI vs. E. Thus immune cell dynamics with EHI were distinguishable from E. Because heat stress as reported in exercise or heatstroke is associated with similar immune cell disturbances, these findings in EHI contributed to the suggestion that heat stress of varying severity shares a common pathophysiological process influencing the immune system. C1 USA, Thermal & Mt Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Naval Hosp, Beaufort, SC 29902 USA. RP DuBose, DA (reprint author), USA, Thermal & Mt Div, Environm Med Res Inst, 15 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 95 IS 6 BP 2381 EP 2389 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00039.2003 PG 9 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 750PF UT WOS:000187004400029 PM 12909606 ER PT J AU Pickett, MH Tang, WQ Rosenfeld, LK Wash, CH AF Pickett, MH Tang, WQ Rosenfeld, LK Wash, CH TI QuikSCAT satellite comparisons with nearshore buoy wind data off the US West Coast SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UPWELLING REGION; SCATTEROMETER; CALIFORNIA; NSCAT; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; SEAWINDS; ACCURACY; SCHEME; STRESS AB To determine the accuracy of nearshore winds from the QuikSCAT satellite, winds from three satellite datasets ( scientifically processed swath, gridded near-real-time, and gridded science datasets) were compared to those from 12 nearshore and 3 offshore U. S. West Coast buoys. Satellite observations from August 1999 to December 2000 that were within 25 km and 30 min of each buoy were used. Comparisons showed that satellite - buoy wind differences near shore were larger than those offshore. Editing the satellite data by discarding observations recorded in rain and those recorded in light winds improved the accuracy of all three datasets. After removing rain-flagged data and wind speeds less than 3 m s(-1), root-mean-squared differences (satellite minus buoy) for swath data, the best of the three datasets, were 1.4 m s(-1) and 37degrees based on 5741 nearshore comparisons. By removing winds less than 6 m s(-1), these differences were reduced to 1.3 m s(-1) and 26degrees. At the three offshore buoys, the root-mean-squared differences for the swath data, with both rain and winds less than 6 m s(-1) removed, were 1.0 m s(-1) and 15degrees based on 1920 comparisons. Although the satellite's scientifically processed swath data near shore do not match buoy observations as closely as those offshore, they are sufficiently accurate for many coastal studies. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Dept Meteorol, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pickett, MH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. NR 34 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1869 EP 1879 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<1869:QSCWNB>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 758UE UT WOS:000187668000013 ER PT J AU Rehill, BJ Schultz, JC AF Rehill, BJ Schultz, JC TI Enhanced invertase activities in the galls of Hormaphis hamamelidis SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE source-sink relations; invertase; induced responses; resource manipulation; herbivore offense ID SINK STRENGTH; HOST-PLANT; SOLIDAGO-ALTISSIMA; APHID; GROWTH; MANIPULATION; PERFORMANCE; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; METABOLISM AB Invertases are sucrose hydrolyzing enzymes often associated with plant tissues acting as physiological sinks, and plant galls are physiological sinks. We investigated several types of invertase and their potential benefits in galls of the aphid Hormaphis hamamelidis. Invertase activities in galls differed from those in leaves throughout the growing season. Vacuolar invertase activities ( per g FW) were always greater in galls than leaves. In contrast, cell wall invertase activities per g FW started low in galls, but increased with time and were greater than those in leaves after 1 month. Gall growth was most closely related to vacuolar invertase activity, whereas leaf growth was correlated with both vacuolar and cell wall invertase activities. In separate correlational studies of aphid fecundity and invertase activities, cell wall invertase activity per gall accounted for 15 - 21% of the variation in offspring per gall. Gall dry weight explained more of the variation in offspring per gall ( 34.2%) than did gall volume ( 17.8%), a likely indication of the importance of sink strength over the life of the gall. Increased invertase activity probably underlies the enhanced sink strength commonly observed in galls. Hormaphis hamamelidis fundatrices appear to maximize reproductive output by eliciting multiple beneficial responses from their hosts. Initial gall growth correlated positively with high vacuolar invertase activity, while later in the season aphid fecundity correlated positively with cell wall invertase activity. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pesticide Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rehill, BJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. OI Schultz, Jack/0000-0001-9870-3537 NR 60 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 29 IS 12 BP 2703 EP 2720 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000008014.12309.04 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 753ZK UT WOS:000187278100007 PM 14969357 ER PT J AU Keen, TR Beavers, RL Howd, PA Hathaway, K AF Keen, TR Beavers, RL Howd, PA Hathaway, K TI Shoreface sedimentation during a northeaster at Duck, North Carolina, U.S.A. SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coastal erosion; Duck; NC; sedimentation models; northeaster ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; BEACH-NEARSHORE PROFILE; BOUNDARY-LAYER MODEL; PLANE SLOPING BEACH; TRANSPORT MODEL; INNER SHELF; BED ROUGHNESS; COMBINED WAVE; MOVABLE BED; STORM AB Observations of seabed elevation and currents were made at Duck, North Carolina, in October 1997 in water depths of 5.5 m, 8 m, and 13 m. Sediment cores were collected before and after a northeaster storm at these same locations. All three water depths showed erosion on the order of 0.1 m followed by deposition. The net elevation change increased seaward, from nil at 5.5 m to more than 0.2 m at 13 m. The measurements were in agreement with the stratigraphy seen in the cores. Sediment entrainment, erosion, and deposition by mean near-bottom flow were simulated using a numerical sedimentation model. The model results support the hypotheses that sediment was probably lost to the inner shelf throughout the study period, and replaced by sediment carried by mean alongshore currents from up the coast (northward). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Geol Resources Div, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Coastal & Hydraul Lab Field Res Facil, Kitty Hawk, NC 27949 USA. RP Keen, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM keen@nrlsse.navy.mil NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1 BP 24 EP 40 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 669WU UT WOS:000182374100004 ER PT J AU Wegman, EJ Marchette, DJ AF Wegman, EJ Marchette, DJ TI On some techniques for streaming data: A case study of Internet packet headers SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Statistical Analysis of Massive Data Streams CY DEC 13-14, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. DE evolutionary graphics; exponential smoothing; mixture models; recursive algorithms; recursive density estimation ID PROBABILITY DENSITY AB We consider the implications of streaming data for data analysis and data mining. Streaming data are becoming widely available from a variety of sources. In our case we consider the implications arising from Internet traffic data. By implication, streaming data are unlikely to be time homogeneous so that standard statistical and data mining procedures do not necessarily apply. Because it is essentially impossible to store streaming data, we consider recursive algorithms, algorithms which are adaptive and discount the past and also algorithms that create finite pseudo-samples. We also suggest some evolutionary graphics procedures that are suitable for streaming data. We begin our discussion with a discussion of Internet traffic in order to give the reader some sense of the time and data scale and visual resolution needed for such problems. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Computat Stat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Wegman, EJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Computat Stat, MS 4A7,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ewegman@galaxy.gmu.edu; marchettedj@nswc.navy.mil NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 1061-8600 J9 J COMPUT GRAPH STAT JI J. Comput. Graph. Stat. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 893 EP 914 DI 10.1198/1061860032625 PG 22 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 761LX UT WOS:000187911200008 ER PT J AU Merrill, LL Guimond, JM Thomsen, CJ Milner, JS AF Merrill, LL Guimond, JM Thomsen, CJ Milner, JS TI Child sexual abuse and number of sexual partners in young women: The role of abuse severity, coping style, and sexual functioning SO JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM IMPACT; RISK-FACTORS; TRANSMITTED DISEASES; MEDIATING VARIABLES; ADULT ADJUSTMENT; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; SUBSEQUENT RISK; PUBLIC-HEALTH; MISSING DATA; VICTIMIZATION AB The authors proposed and tested a model describing distinct pathways through which childhood sexual abuse (CSA) may lead to relatively low or high numbers of sexual partners in adulthood. Path analyses were conducted on survey responses of young female U.S. Navy recruits who reported CSA (N = 547). Use of avoidant strategies to cope with CSA was expected to produce higher levels of sexual problems and fewer heterosexual sex partners, whereas use of self-destructive coping strategies was expected to result in more dysfunctional sexual behavior and more heterosexual sex partners. As predicted, the effect of CSA on number of sex partners was largely mediated by coping strategies and dysfunctional sexual behavior. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Merrill, LL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. OI Guimond, Jennifer/0000-0002-8887-5885 NR 74 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 20 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-006X J9 J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH JI J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 71 IS 6 BP 987 EP 996 DI 10.1037/0022-006X.71.6.987 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 745MZ UT WOS:000186693600004 PM 14622074 ER PT J AU Owen, G AF Owen, G TI Handbook of game theory with economic applications, volume 3. SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Owen, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY, STE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 USA SN 0022-0515 J9 J ECON LIT JI J. Econ. Lit. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1276 EP 1277 PG 2 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 759CU UT WOS:000187721400009 ER PT J AU He, JZ Chen, JC Wu, CH AF He, JZ Chen, JC Wu, CH TI Optimization on the performance characteristics of a magnetic ericsson refrigeration cycle affected by multi-irreversibilities SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE magnetic refrigeration cycle; irreversibility; optimal analysis ID DEPENDENT HEAT-CAPACITY; REGENERATIVE LOSSES AB A general irreversible cycle model of a magnetic Ericsson refrigerator is established. The irreversibilities in the cycle model result from the finite-rate heat transfer between the working substance and the external heat reservoirs, the inherent regenerative loss, the additional regenerative loss due to thermal resistances, and the heat leak loss between the external heat reservoirs. The cycle model is used to optimize the performance of the magnetic Ericsson refrigeration cycle. The fundamental optimum relation between the cooling rate and the coefficient of performance of the cycle is derived. The maximum coefficient of performance, maximum cooling rate and other relevant important parameters are calculated. The optimal operating region of the cycle is determined. The results obtained here are very general and will be helpful for the optimal design and operation of the magnetic Ericsson refrigerators. C1 Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. Nanchang Univ, Nanchang 330029, Peoples R China. Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP He, JZ (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. RI Chen, JC/G-4088-2010 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0195-0738 J9 J ENERG RESOUR-ASME JI J. Energy Resour. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 318 EP 324 DI 10.1115/1.1616037 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 754HX UT WOS:000187311000010 ER PT J AU Thach, DC Lin, BC Walter, E Kruzelock, R Rowley, RK Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA AF Thach, DC Lin, BC Walter, E Kruzelock, R Rowley, RK Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA TI Assessment of two methods for handling blood in collection tubes with RNA stabilizing agent for surveillance of gene expression profiles with high density microarrays SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE gene expression; paxgene RNA tube; fresh versus frozen AB Genome-wide expression studies of human blood samples in the context of epidemiologic surveillance are confronted by numerous challenges-one of the foremost being the capability to produce reliable detection of transcript levels. This led us to consider the Paxgene(TM) Blood RNA System, which consists of a stabilizing additive in an evacuated blood collection tube (PAX tube) and a sample processing kit (PAX kit). The PAX tube contains a solution that inhibits RNA degradation and gene induction as blood is drawn into the tube. The stability of RNA in PAX tubes under conditions for practical clinical applications has been determined by RT-PCR (Clin. Chem. 48 (2002) 1883), but has not been assessed at the transcriptome level on Affymetrix(R) microarrays. Here, we report a quality assured and controlled protocol that is capable of producing reliable gene expression profiles using the GeneChip(R) system with RNA isolated from PAX tubes. Using this protocol, we compared quality metrics and gene-expression profiles of RNA, extracted from blood in PAX tubes that sat at room temperature for 2 h, with that of blood in PAX tubes incubated at room temperature for 9 h followed by storage at - 20 degreesC for 6 days. Of numerous metrics, differences between the two handling methods were detected for the level of DNA contamination, RNA yield, and double stranded cDNA yield. Analysis of variance of gene-expression revealed small but significant differences between the handling methods. These results contribute to the determination of protocols for clinical studies and progress us towards the goal of using the transcriptome in diagnosis and surveillance. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Stenger, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave SW,Bldg 30, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 23 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD DEC PY 2003 VL 283 IS 1-2 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2003.10.004 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 754UK UT WOS:000187349900025 PM 14659918 ER PT J AU Funk, EE Bashkansky, M AF Funk, EE Bashkansky, M TI Microwave photonic direct-sequence transmitter and heterodyne correlation receiver SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laser radar; optical modulation; spread-spectrum radar ID MODULATION CW LIDAR AB This paper proposes and demonstrates a new architecture for the transmission, heterodyne reception, and correlation of direct-sequence (DS) signals encoded onto an optical carrier. The approach is practical for pseudo-noise in-modulated laser radar and free-space optical-code-division multiple-access communications. Although the local oscillator is free running, we show that the received signal is free from laser phase noise. Furthermore, by applying DS coding to both the transmitted signal and the local oscillator, the delay required for correlation can be realized via a combination of electrical and optical means. C1 Red Mt Radio LLC, Ouray, CO 81427 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Funk, EE (reprint author), Red Mt Radio LLC, Ouray, CO 81427 USA. EM eric@redmountainradio.com NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2962 EP 2967 DI 10.1109/JLT.2003.822261 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 772PW UT WOS:000188851300002 ER PT J AU Doucette, LD Santiago, F Moran, SL Lad, RJ AF Doucette, LD Santiago, F Moran, SL Lad, RJ TI Heteroepitaxial growth of tungsten oxide films on silicon(100) using a BaF2 buffer layer SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; WO3-BASED H2S SENSORS; WO3 THIN-FILMS; ELECTROCHROMIC PROPERTIES; MICROSTRUCTURE; ATMOSPHERE; STABILITY; INSULATOR; TRIOXIDE AB Multidomained heteroepitaxial WO, films were grown on Si(100) substrates using a (111)-oriented BaF2 buffer layer at the WO3-Si interface. The 30-nm-thick BaF2 layer, grown by very low rate molecular-beam epitaxy, consisted of four equivalent crystalline domains oriented about the BaF2[111] axis, which provided templates for heteroepitaxial WO3 film growth. The WO3 films were grown by electron cyclotron resonance oxygen plasma-assisted electron beam evaporation of a WO3 source, and the temperature range was varied between 25 degreesC and 600 degreesC. At an optimal deposition temperature of approximately 450 degreesC, monoclinic-phase WO3 films were produced, which consisted of coexisting (002), (020), and (200) in-plane orientations with respect to the BaF,(111)/Si(100) substrate. During growth, an interfacial barium tungstate (BaWO4) reaction product formed at the WO3-BaF2 interface. The{112} planes of this BaWO4 layer also have a multidomained heteroepitaxial orientation with respect to the BaF2(111) buffer layer. Postdeposition annealing experiments in air for 24 h at 400 degreesC indicated that the heteroepitaxial BaWO4 and WO3 layers remain stable. A thermodynamic argument is used to explain the BaWO4 interfacial reaction during initial growth stages, and kinetically limited diffusion processes through the BaWO4 layer coupled with lattice matching across the WO3-BaWO4 interface are proposed to be responsible for the formation of stable WO3 films at later growth stages. C1 Univ Maine, Surface Sci & Technol Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Univ Maine, Surface Sci & Technol Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Doucette, LD (reprint author), Univ Maine, Surface Sci & Technol Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RI Lad, Robert/G-1669-2014 NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2859 EP 2868 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0399 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 749XR UT WOS:000186955800019 ER PT J AU Efroimsky, M Goldreich, P AF Efroimsky, M Goldreich, P TI Gauge symmetry of the N-body problem in the Hamilton-Jacobi approach SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICS AB In most books the Delaunay and Lagrange equations for the orbital elements are derived by the Hamilton-Jacobi method: one begins with the two-body Hamilton equations in spherical coordinates, performs a canonical transformation to the orbital elements, and obtains the Delaunay system. A standard trick is then used to generalize the approach to the N-body case. We reexamine this step and demonstrate that it contains an implicit condition which restricts the dynamics to a 9(N-1)-dimensional submanifold of the 12(N-1)-dimensional space spanned by the elements and their time derivatives. The tacit condition is equivalent to the constraint that Lagrange imposed "by hand" to remove the excessive freedom, when he was deriving his system of equations by variation of parameters. It is the condition of the orbital elements being osculating, i.e., of the instantaneous ellipse (or hyperbola) being always tangential to the physical velocity. Imposure of any supplementary condition different from the Lagrange constraint (but compatible with the equations of motion) is legitimate and will not alter the physical trajectory or velocity (though will alter the mathematical form of the planetary equations). This freedom of nomination of the supplementary constraint reveals a gauge-type internal symmetry instilled into the equations of celestial mechanics. Existence of this internal symmetry has consequences for the stability of numerical integrators. Another important aspect of this freedom is that any gauge different from that of Lagrange makes the Delaunay system noncanonical. In a more general setting, when the disturbance depends not only upon positions but also upon velocities, there is a "generalized Lagrange gauge" wherein the Delaunay system is symplectic. This special gauge renders orbital elements that are osculating in the phase space. It coincides with the regular Lagrange gauge when the perturbation is velocity independent. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Efroimsky, M (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM efroimsk@ima.umn.edu; pmg@sns.ias.edu OI Efroimsky, Michael/0000-0003-1249-9622 NR 26 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 EI 1089-7658 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 44 IS 12 BP 5958 EP 5977 DI 10.1063/1.1622447 PG 20 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 744ZG UT WOS:000186662300026 ER PT J AU Metzger, EJ AF Metzger, EJ TI Upper ocean sensitivity to wind forcing in the South China Sea SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE South China Sea; numerical modeling; sensitivity to wind forcing; upper ocean circulation ID SEASONAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE HEIGHT; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ALTIMETER DATA; FLUX; DYNAMICS; STRESS AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) has been used to investigate the sensitivity of the upper South China Sea (SCS) circulation to various atmospheric wind forcing products. A 1/16degrees 6-layer, thermodynamic Pacific Ocean north of 20degreesS version of NLOM has been integrated using observed climatological monthly mean winds (Hellerman and Rosenstein, 1983) and climatologies based on two atmospheric prediction models: the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). ECMWF products include the 10 meter winds (at both 1.125degrees and 2.5degrees resolution) and surface stresses (1.125degrees). The NCEP forcing (1.875degrees) is a surface stress product. Significant differences exist in the wind stress curl patterns and this is reflected in the upper ocean model response, which is compared to observational data. The model experiments suggest the generation of the West Luzon Eddy is controlled by positive wind stress curl. The degree of Kuroshio intrusion into the SCS, however, is not affected by wind stress curl but is governed by the coastline geometry of the island chain within Luzon Strait. The summertime offshore flow from the Vietnamese coast is present in all simulations but the dipole structure on either side of the jet is variable, even among experiments with similar wind stress curl patterns. The ECMWF surface stresses exhibit spurious coastal wind stress curl patterns, especially in locations with significant orographic features. This manifests itself in unrealistic small scale coastal gyres in NLOM. High resolution basin-scale and coastal models might be adversely affected by these stresses. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Metzger, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM metzger@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 29 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 9 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 59 IS 6 BP 783 EP 798 DI 10.1023/B:JOCE.0000009570.41358.c5 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 740LM UT WOS:000186403900003 ER PT J AU Gulian, AM Wood, KS AF Gulian, AM Wood, KS TI Triplet superconductors as the basis for solid-state quantum computing SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS B-QUANTUM AND SEMICLASSICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE qubits; ruthenates; chirality; bose condensates; entanglement ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; HEAVY FERMIONS; HELIUM II; SR2RUO4; FERROMAGNETISM; PROXIMITY; WAVE; COEXISTENCE; HE-3 AB We propose triplet superconductors, such as ruthenates, as prospective materials for qubit construction. The vectorial nature of the order parameter in triplet superconductors makes it conceptually easy to estimate the performance of the qubits. The Cooper condensate of pairs in triplet superconductors has all the attributes of Bose-Einstein condensates and should facilitate long decoherence times for these qubits, relative to other vectorial schemes for qubits, such as small ferromagnets. There are other benefits, which the superconducting state provides for requirements such as entanglement between qubits via the proximity effect, etc. We consider these benefits in detail, although our consideration is only preliminary and further experimental and theoretical research will undoubtedly introduce correctives. C1 Phys Art Frontiers, Ashton, MD 20861 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gulian, AM (reprint author), Phys Art Frontiers, Ashton, MD 20861 USA. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4266 J9 J OPT B-QUANTUM S O JI J. Opt. B-Quantum Semicl. Opt. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 6 BP S619 EP S626 AR PII S1464-4266(03)65913-8 DI 10.1088/1464-4266/5/6/012 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 757WC UT WOS:000187583600013 ER PT J AU Looney, R AF Looney, R TI Blood and debt: War and the nation-state in Latin America SO JOURNAL OF POLITICAL & MILITARY SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Looney, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL POLITICAL MILITARY SOCIOLOGY PI DE KALB PA DEPT SOCIOLOGY, NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DE KALB, IL 60115-2854 USA SN 0047-2697 J9 J POLIT MIL SOCIOL JI J. Polit. Mil. Soc. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 319 EP 320 PG 2 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 924MX UT WOS:000228984000031 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Psurek, T Pawlus, S Paluch, M AF Roland, CM Psurek, T Pawlus, S Paluch, M TI Segmental- and normal-mode dielectric relaxation of poly(propylene glycol) under pressure SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE viscoelastic properties; relaxation; dielectric properties; glass transition ID ELEVATED PRESSURE; ALPHA-RELAXATION; HYDROGEN-BONDS; TEMPERATURE; OXIDE); LIQUID; DYNAMICS; DEPENDENCE; BEHAVIOR; SORBITOL AB Dielectric measurements were obtained on poly(propylene glycol) (molecular weight: 4000 Da) at pressures in excess of 1.2 GPa. The segmental (a process) and normal-mode W process) relaxations exhibited different pressure sensitivities of their relaxation strengths, as well as their relaxation times. Such results are contrary to previous reports, and (at least for the dielectric strength) can be ascribed to the capacity for intermolecular hydrogen-bond formation in this material. With equation-of-state measurements, the relative contributions of volume and thermal energy to the a-relaxation times were quantified. Similar to other H-bonded liquids, temperature is the more dominant control variable, although the effect of volume is not negligible. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 41 IS 23 BP 3047 EP 3052 DI 10.1002/polb.10634 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 743BL UT WOS:000186552500006 ER PT J AU Copper, CL AF Copper, CL TI Analysis of intermediates from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; biodegradation ID DEGRADATION AB A major difficulty in assessing bioremediation in hydrocarbon impacted field sites is the determination of the extent and products of contaminant biodegradation. Previously, various analytical techniques, including mass spectrometry and chromatography, have been used to characterize components in mixtures resulting from biodegradation. In this work, the applicability of capillary electrophoresis (CE) to this area of research is demonstrated. CE methods were optimized for analysis of compounds that are known metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) biodegradation. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Copper, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9314 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 26 IS 18 BP 1683 EP 1687 DI 10.1002/jssc.200301615 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 753BW UT WOS:000187212700012 ER PT J AU Marolda, E AF Marolda, E TI Southern trident: Strategy, history and the rise of Australian naval power. SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Marolda, E (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRANK CASS CO LTD PI ESSEX PA NEWBURY HOUSE, 900 EASTERN AVE, NEWBURY PARK, ILFORD, ESSEX IG2 7HH, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 26 IS 4 BP 187 EP 188 PG 2 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 778WY UT WOS:000189265400009 ER PT J AU Salmoni, BA AF Salmoni, BA TI The Middle East military balance 2001-2002. BCSIA studies in international security. SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Scur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Salmoni, BA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Scur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRANK CASS CO LTD PI ESSEX PA NEWBURY HOUSE, 900 EASTERN AVE, NEWBURY PARK, ILFORD, ESSEX IG2 7HH, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 26 IS 4 BP 198 EP 199 PG 2 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 778WY UT WOS:000189265400017 ER PT J AU Schoeler, GB Flores-Mendoza, C Fernandez, R Davila, JR Zyzak, M AF Schoeler, GB Flores-Mendoza, C Fernandez, R Davila, JR Zyzak, M TI Geographical distribution of Anopheles darlingi in the Amazon Basin region of Peru SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aopheles darlingi; Amazon; Peru; malaria ID PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; SOUTH-AMERICA; MALARIA; MOSQUITOS; CULICIDAE; IQUITOS; DIPTERA; AREA AB Malaria has reemerged as a significant public health disease threat in Peru, especially within the Amazon Basin region. This resurgence of human cases caused by infection with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax is thought to be associated with the spread of Anopheles darlingi, the principal South American malaria vector, into new areas of the Amazon Basin. However, comprehensive studies of the distribution for this species have not been conducted in Peru for several years, nor are historical accounts accurate enough to determine if An. darlingi was actually present and not collected or misidentified. Therefore, the objective of this study is to define the distribution of An. darlingi as well as obtain data on distribution and abundance of other Anopheles species in this region. Mosquitoes were collected during 2001 in the Departments of Loreto and Ucayali, the two largest Amazonian Departments of Peru. A total of 60,5 85 specimens representing 12 species of the subgenera Nyssorhynchus and Anopheles were collected at 82 (88.2%) of 93 collecting sites. The majority of mosquitoes obtained were identified as An. benarrochi, comprising 70.7% of mosquitoes collected, followed by An. darlingi (24.0%), Anopheles mattogrosensis (2.4%), and Anopheles triannulatus (1.5%). Anopheles darlingi was collected from 48.8% of sites, indicating that this species is established throughout central Loreto, including further west in the Amazon Basin than previously reported. These data suggest that this species is now found in areas of the Amazon Basin region where it has not been previously reported. C1 Navy Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Silverdale, WA 98315 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Dept Entomol, APO, AA 34031 USA. Minist Hlth, Iquitos, Peru. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Schoeler, GB (reprint author), Navy Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, 2850 Thresher Ave, Silverdale, WA 98315 USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 286 EP 296 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 758CC UT WOS:000187614100002 PM 14710728 ER PT J AU Davis, TP Alexander, BA Lambert, EW Simpson, RB Unger, DV Lee, J Snyder, ML Liston, WA AF Davis, TP Alexander, BA Lambert, EW Simpson, RB Unger, DV Lee, J Snyder, ML Liston, WA TI Distribution and care of shipboard blast injuries (USS Cole DDG-67) SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article AB On October 12, 2000, the destroyer USS Cole was anchored in a foreign port and was severely damaged by explosives in a small craft adjacent to the ship at the port side waterline. Seventeen crew members were killed in the incident. The wounded were evacuated to several medical facilities for their initial care and then to the military hospital in Landstuhl, Germany, and subsequently to the Charette Health Care Center (Naval Medical Center) in Portsmouth, Virginia. There were 35 surviving patients who had sustained 81 total injuries associated with the explosion. The distribution of the injuries included orthopedic, ophthalmologic, soft tissue, otolaryngologic, burns, inhalation, and other miscellaneous injuries. Twenty-seven of the patients were discharged after 24-hour observation. This article reviews the distribution of injuries found in the fatalities and the wounded crew members and the subsequent care required to prepare the military medical community for potential future incidents of this type. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Div Trauma,Charette Hlth Care Ctr 0511, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Davis, TP (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Div Trauma,Charette Hlth Care Ctr 0511, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 4 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD DEC PY 2003 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1022 EP 1027 DI 10.1097/01.TA.00000100837.38530.D1 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 758TL UT WOS:000187666200003 PM 14676645 ER PT J AU Bower, EA AF Bower, EA TI Use of amphetamines in the military environment SO LANCET LA English DT Article C1 Naval Hosp Pensacola, Dept Internal Med, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. USN, Med Corps, Washington, DC USA. RP Bower, EA (reprint author), Naval Hosp Pensacola, Dept Internal Med, 6000 W Highway 98, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC PY 2003 VL 362 SU S BP S18 EP S19 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15060-X PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 760BG UT WOS:000187790200010 PM 14698114 ER PT J AU Grun, J Laming, M Manka, C Donnelly, DW Covington, BC Fischer, RP Velikovich, A Khokhlov, A AF Grun, J Laming, M Manka, C Donnelly, DW Covington, BC Fischer, RP Velikovich, A Khokhlov, A TI Laser-plasma simulations of astrophysical phenomena and novel applications to semiconductor annealing SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Frontiers of Plasma Physics and Technology CY DEC 09-14, 2002 CL BANGALORE, INDIA DE athermal; annealing; blast-wave; instability; supernovae ID BLAST WAVES; SILICON; SHOCKS AB At the frontier of plasma physics and technology are applications of laser-generated plasmas to laboratory simulations of astrophysical phenomena and to industrial processing. This article presents work at the Naval Research Laboratory in both of these areas. We show how laser plasmas are used to measure a blast wave corrugation overstability important in astrophysics. Detailed atomic physics calculations of radiative cooling within the blast front are used to develop a criterion of the existence of the overstability and are used to explain the experimental results. The criterion depends on quantities such as element abundances, densities, temperatures, and blast wave velocities-quantities which can be measured spectroscopically-and therefore used to infer whether astrophysical blast wave nonuniformities are the result of this instability. In other experiments, high-velocity jets are formed in the laboratory using miniature hollow cones. Jets produced by these cones are used to study the physics of jets occurring in supernovae and in star-forming accretion disks. In industrial semiconductor processing, annealing, that is, removing crystal damage and electrically activating the semiconductor, is a critical step. Industrial annealing techniques most often utilize heat generated by an oven, flash lamps, or a low-power laser. During such heating dopants within the semiconductor lattice diffuse and spread. This degrades the performance of circuits in which the individual circuit elements are very close to each other. We are developing an annealing technique in which shock or sound waves generated by a laser plasma are used to anneal the semiconductor. We have demonstrated that the method works over small areas and that it does not lead to significant dopant diffusion. C1 USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD USA. SW Texas State Univ, Dept Phys, San Marcos, TX USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Grun, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM grun@nrl.navy.mil RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 4 BP 529 EP 534 DI 10.1017/S0263034603214087 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 806YG UT WOS:000220468600009 ER PT J AU White, JE Tucholski, EJ Green, RE AF White, JE Tucholski, EJ Green, RE TI Nondestructive testing of aircraft and spacecraft wiring SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE aircraft wiring; wire insulation; aromatic polyimide; infrared thermography; time domain reflectometry; pulsed X-radiography AB Spacecraft, and especially aircraft, often fly well past their original design lives and, therefore, the need to develop nondestructive testing (NDT) procedures for the testing of vital structures in these craft is extremely important. One of the more recent problems encountered is the degradation of wiring and wiring insulation. This paper describes several nondestructive testing methods which afford the possibility to detect wiring and insulation degradation in situ prior to major problems threatening the safety of aircraft and spacecraft. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP White, JE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3400 N Charles St,Maryland Hall 102, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1315 EP 1320 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 750BA UT WOS:000186970400006 ER PT J AU Marquez, JG Bangs, MJ Krafsur, ES AF Marquez, JG Bangs, MJ Krafsur, ES TI Mitochondrial diversity of Musca domestica housefly populations in the Asian and western Pacific biogeographical regions SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Musca domestica; biogeography; houseflies; mitochondrial diversity; Pleistocene; single-strand conformational polymorphisms; Asia; Asia-Pacific; Malaysian archipelago ID GENE FLOW AB Houseflies (Musca domestica L., Diptera: Muscidae) are cosmopolitan, colonizing, and eusynanthropic. Their distribution in the Malaysian archipelago provides an opportunity to study successive waves of colonization and extinction during the Pleistocene and Recent epochs. We scored single-strand conformation polymorphisms (SSCPs) at 16S2 and COII mitochondrial loci in 47 housefly samples from the Australian, Austro-Malayan, Indo-Malayan, Manchurian and Indo-Chinese subregions of Wallace's zoogeographical classification. We discuss the results in light of the Pleistocene vs. post-Pleistocene dispersal and faunal exchange in the Asia-Pacific area. Fourteen haplotypes were detected, of which 10 were confined to a single subregion. No haplotype was ubiquitous and only one was found in four subregions. Population diversity, H-S, was greatest in the Indo-Malayan (0.36) and heterogeneous among subregions. The mean subregional diversity was 0.21 +/- 0.03, representing the probability that two randomly chosen flies, from any subregion, had different haplotypes. The hierarchical partition of diversity indicated restricted maternal gene flow among subregions (G(RT) = 0.60, Nmsimilar to 0.32). These results suggest long-standing genetic isolation of houseflies in the Malaysian archipelago and support the hypothesis that they dispersed widely during the Pleistocene. Haplotypes common among mainland populations but shared with island groups in low frequencies (<1%) indicate surprisingly little recent gene flow. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA USA. USN, Res Unit 2, FPO, AP USA. RP Krafsur, ES (reprint author), 206 Hidden Valley Circle, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 429 EP 435 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2003.00464.x PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 750CL UT WOS:000186973700011 PM 14651658 ER PT J AU Hashim, A AF Hashim, A TI Saddam Husayn and civil-military relations in Iraq: The quest for legitimacy and power SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This article addresses civil-military relations in Iraq under Saddam Husayn over the past thirty years. Historically, the Iraqi armed forces have intervened regularly in the political process of the country. This has been to the detriment of political stability, the ability of Iraq to play a role in regional politics and to emerge as a major military power Saddam recognized this early on and implemented a series of stringent controls. to bring the military to heel under civilian rule. But the military has continued to threaten his rule. At the present time, Iraq has come under immense pressure from the United States, which has threatened it with war to remove the regime. Is there any possibility that the military might intervene and remove Saddam itself and under what circumstances? How would a civilian government in a post-Saddam Iraq establish civilian control over the military? C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Hashim, A (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 87 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N STREET NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 57 IS 1 BP 9 EP 41 PG 33 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 644BB UT WOS:000180897100002 ER PT J AU MacDonald, CM AF MacDonald, CM TI Evaluation of stress debriefing interventions with military populations SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL INCIDENT STRESS; IMPACT; WAR; DISORDER AB Military members are frequently exposed to traumatic events. In an attempt to mitigate the psychological impact of traumatic events, formal interventions, such as Critical Incident Stress Debriefing and Process Debriefing, have been developed and implemented. Through a literature review of psychological debriefing interventions in the military, several anecdotal and research-based observations are discussed. Suggestions for clinical application and programmatic research are made based on these empirical findings. C1 Univ Washington, Psychosocial Nursing Grad Program, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP MacDonald, CM (reprint author), USN, Dept Clin Invest KCA, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM cmmacdonald@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 168 IS 12 BP 961 EP 968 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IN UT WOS:000235828900003 PM 14719618 ER PT J AU Boyles, G Moore, AD Edwards, QT AF Boyles, G Moore, AD Edwards, QT TI Health practices of male department of defense health care beneficiaries: A follow-up on prostate cancer screening in the national capital area SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Conference of the American-Academy-of-Nurse-Practitioners CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2003 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Acad Nurse Practitioners ID BEHAVIOR AB The purpose of this study was to assess screening for prostate cancer (PC) of male Department of Defense health care beneficiaries in the national capital area. This study was a follow-up of a previous research of African-American men's PC screening practices. In the previous study, 85% of African-American men screened for PC and the determinants of screening were men's perceived "benefits" of PC testing, age, and education. This follow-up study was conducted on 234 men age 52 years and over regardless of ethnicity using a questionnaire and convenience sampling similar to the prior study. Results showed 96% screened for PC; no statistical differences in PC screening and ethnicity; and men's perceived "self-efficacy" and "benefits" were predictors of PC screening. More men screened for PC when advised by their health care providers and 94% of men stated "trust" in health care providers, indicating the importance of a "trusting-informative health care milieu" for men's self-efficacy to screen for PC. C1 USN Hosp Guam, Family Practice Clin, FPO, AP USA. Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, APO, AE 09180 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Boyles, G (reprint author), USN Hosp Guam, Family Practice Clin, PSC 490 Box 7638, FPO, AP USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 168 IS 12 BP 992 EP 996 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IN UT WOS:000235828900008 PM 14719623 ER PT J AU McGinnis, J Bohnker, BK Malakooti, M Mann, M Sack, DM AF McGinnis, J Bohnker, BK Malakooti, M Mann, M Sack, DM TI Lyme disease reporting for navy and marine corps (1997-2000) SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; PREVENTION; IXODIDAE AB Reported cases of Lyme disease for Navy and Marine Corps personnel during 1997-2000 are presented from data collected in the Naval Disease Reporting System and the Defense Medical Epidemiological Database. Naval Disease Reporting System identified 210 case subjects; 60% were men, 49% were family members, and 37% were active duty, and most originated in the second quarter of the calendar year. States reporting the greatest number of reports were Connecticut (44%), North Carolina (16%), Rhode Island (10%), and Virginia (10%), which was generally consistent with national figures and the concentration of military populations. Incidence rates from Defense Medical Epidemiological Database for Lyme disease were generally higher for active duty personnel than reported civilian rates. Areas for improvement for Naval Disease Reporting System are identified and include additional emphasis on complete reporting on patient history and on Lyme disease antibody testing results. These findings suggest that Lyme disease is an important disease in military medicine, particularly in the eastern United States. C1 USN, Prevent Med Directorate, Ctr Environm Hlth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP McGinnis, J (reprint author), USN, Prevent Med Directorate, Ctr Environm Hlth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 168 IS 12 BP 1011 EP 1014 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IN UT WOS:000235828900012 PM 14719627 ER PT J AU Larabee, MD AF Larabee, MD TI Modernity at sea: Melville, Marx, Conrad in crisis SO MODERN FICTION STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Larabee, MD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0026-7724 J9 MOD FICTION STUD JI Mod. Fict. Stud. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 49 IS 4 BP 874 EP 876 DI 10.1353/mfs.2003.0076 PG 3 WC Literature SC Literature GA 756FD UT WOS:000187454400033 ER PT J AU Sacks, S AF Sacks, S TI A lesson from the Greeneville accident SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The court of inquiry into the collision between the submarine Greeneville and the motor vessel Ehime Maru focused oil human performance and functioning of equipment at the time of the accident. This commentary addresses whether alternative equipment, particularly equipment addressing communication and interpretation issues, would have made a difference. It also looks at whether generalized equipment of this nature would be of benefit in other hi-tempo scenarios that could be anticipated in the future. C1 USN, Res Lab, Technol Base, Ballist Missile Def Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sacks, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Technol Base, Ballist Missile Def Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 115 IS 1 BP 15 EP 18 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2003.tb00181.x PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 665UU UT WOS:000182140300001 ER PT J AU Sethian, JD Friedman, M Lehmberg, RH Myers, M Obenschain, SP Giuliani, J Kepple, P Schmitt, AJ Colombant, D Gardner, J Hegeler, F Wolford, M Swanekamp, SB Weidenheimer, D Welch, D Rose, D Payne, S Bibeau, C Baraymian, A Beach, R Schaffers, K Freitas, B Skulina, K Meier, W Latkowski, J Perkins, LJ Goodin, D Petzoldt, R Stephens, E Najmabadi, F Tillack, M Raffray, R Dragojlovic, Z Haynes, A Peterson, R Kulcinski, G Hoffer, J Geller, D Schroen, D Streit, J Olson, C Tanaka, T Renk, T Rochau, G Snead, L Ghoneim, N Lucas, G AF Sethian, JD Friedman, M Lehmberg, RH Myers, M Obenschain, SP Giuliani, J Kepple, P Schmitt, AJ Colombant, D Gardner, J Hegeler, F Wolford, M Swanekamp, SB Weidenheimer, D Welch, D Rose, D Payne, S Bibeau, C Baraymian, A Beach, R Schaffers, K Freitas, B Skulina, K Meier, W Latkowski, J Perkins, LJ Goodin, D Petzoldt, R Stephens, E Najmabadi, F Tillack, M Raffray, R Dragojlovic, Z Haynes, A Peterson, R Kulcinski, G Hoffer, J Geller, D Schroen, D Streit, J Olson, C Tanaka, T Renk, T Rochau, G Snead, L Ghoneim, N Lucas, G TI Fusion energy with lasers, direct drive targets, and dry wall chambers SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fusion Energy Conference (FEC-2002) CY OCT, 2002 CL LYON, FRANCE ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; MERCURY LASER; POWER-PLANT; DESIGN; GROWTH; INJECTION; SOMBRERO; PLASMAS; REACTOR AB A coordinated, focused effort is underway to develop Laser Inertial Fusion Energy. The key components are developed in concert with one another and the science and engineering issues are addressed concurrently. Recent advances include: target designs have been evaluated that show it could be possible to achieve the high gains (>100) needed for a practical fusion system. These designs feature a low-density CH foam that is wicked with solid DT and over-coated with a thin high-Z layer. These results have been verified with three independent one-dimensional codes, and are now being evaluated with two- and three-dimensional codes. Two types of lasers are under development: Krypton Fluoride (KrF) gas lasers and Diode Pumped Solid State Lasers (DPSSL). Both have recently achieved repetitive 'first light', and both have made progress in meeting the fusion energy requirements for durability, efficiency, and cost. This paper also presents the advances in development of chamber operating windows (target survival plus no wall erosion), final optics (aluminium at grazing incidence has high reflectivity and exceeds the required laser damage threshold), target fabrication (demonstration of smooth DT ice layers grown over foams, batch production of foam shells, and appropriate high-Z overcoats), and target injection (new facility for target injection and tracking studies). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. SAIC, Mclean, VA USA. JAYCOR, Alexandria, VA USA. Titan Pulse Sci Div, San Leandro, CA USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sethian@this.nrl.navy.mil RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 NR 44 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1693 EP 1709 AR PII S0029-5515(03)67272-8 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/12/015 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 760MT UT WOS:000187838300016 ER PT J AU Latorre, R Miller, A Philips, R AF Latorre, R Miller, A Philips, R TI Micro-bubble resistance reduction on a model SES catamaran SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE surface effect ships; drag reduction; micro-bubble drag reduction ID SKIN FRICTION AB The concept of micro-bubble ejection is emerging as an attractive method for viscous drag reduction for high speed craft. Most of the drag reduction literature presents results for microbubble ejection above/below horizontal surfaces. Nevertheless, modem high-speed hull forms are slender with vertical surfaces. This paper presents results of model tests with micro-bubble ejection to the vertical sides of a high speed model with a non-wetting coating. The coating yielded drag reduction of 4-6% and micro-bubbles with coating reduced overall drag by 411 %. The local coefficient of friction with micro-bubbles is analyzed and found comparable to vertical flat plate results of Madavan et al. (1984). (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Orion Marine Technol LLC, Hollywood, FL 33020 USA. USN, Underwater Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Latorre, R (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, 911 Engn Bldg, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 30 IS 17 BP 2297 EP 2309 DI 10.1016/S0029-8018(03)00079-9 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 747RJ UT WOS:000186818200008 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Bi, YH Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Bi, YH Sun, FR Wu, C TI Performance optimization of a combined heat pump cycle SO OPEN SYSTEMS & INFORMATION DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; FINITE-TIME THERMODYNAMICS; TRANSFER LAW; COEFFICIENT; ENGINE AB A steady flow combined heat pump cycle model with heat resistance, heat leakage and internal irreversibility is built in this paper. The optimal performance of the model is studied. The relation between optimal heating load and coefficient of performance (COP), as well as the maximum COP and the corresponding heating load are derived. Keywords: combined heat, pump cycle, performance, optimization C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. Beijing Polytech Univ, Thermal Energy Engn Dept, Beijing 100022, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1230-1612 J9 OPEN SYST INF DYN JI Open Syst. Inf. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 4 BP 377 EP 389 DI 10.1023/B:OPSY.0000009557.31330.ef PG 13 WC Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Physics; Mathematics GA 755RV UT WOS:000187426000005 ER PT J AU Li, Q Wu, F Guo, FZ Wu, C Wu, JH AF Li, Q Wu, F Guo, FZ Wu, C Wu, JH TI Thermodynamic analysis on thermoacoustic self-excited oscillation SO OPEN SYSTEMS & INFORMATION DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID DRIVEN ACOUSTIC OSCILLATIONS; HEAT ENGINE; REGENERATORS AB Thermodynamic mechanism of thermoacoustic self-excited oscillation is analyzed in this paper. The law of minimizing entropy flow is obtained basing on the fundamentals of finite-time thermodynamics. The results obtained here show that the thermoacoustic self-excited oscillation, which is a non-isentropic oscillation with power-output corresponding to a limit cycle in the phase space takes place when hot temperature T-h exceeds a threshold value T-h(*). The effect of nonlinear terms on the system will lead to the second harmonic wave. C1 Wuhan Inst Chem Technol, Dept Phys & Heat Engn, Wuhan 430073, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Tech Inst Chem & Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Cryogen Lab, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wu, F (reprint author), Wuhan Inst Chem Technol, Dept Phys & Heat Engn, Wuhan 430073, Peoples R China. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1230-1612 J9 OPEN SYST INF DYN JI Open Syst. Inf. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 4 BP 391 EP 402 DI 10.1023/B:OPSY.0000009558.63129.24 PG 12 WC Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Physics; Mathematics GA 755RV UT WOS:000187426000006 ER PT J AU Thielen, PA Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Thielen, PA Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID TI Modeling of a mid-IR chalcogenide fiber Raman laser SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FABRICATION AB A computer model using a finite element technique was written to model the behavior of a chalcogenide fiber Raman laser. The model demonstrates the feasibility of a middle infrared fiber Raman laser pumped at 5.59-mum by a carbon monoxide laser and operating at a wavelength of 6.46-mum. This wavelength may be of interest in surgical applications since it corresponds to the amide II absorption. Calculations show slope efficiencies can approach 80% with moderate threshold powers. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thielen, PA (reprint author), SFA Inc, 9315 Largo Dr W, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM pthielen@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 11 IS 24 BP 3248 EP 3253 DI 10.1364/OE.11.003248 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 749CX UT WOS:000186902000010 PM 19471451 ER PT J AU Wheeler, DS Vaux, KK Ponaman, ML Poss, WB AF Wheeler, DS Vaux, KK Ponaman, ML Poss, WB TI The safe and effective use of propofol sedation in children undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: Experience in a pediatric ICU and a review of the literature SO PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Review DE sedation; propofol; PICU; procedures; diagnostic; therapeutic ID REFRACTORY STATUS EPILEPTICUS; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY; TOTAL INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA; CONGENITAL HEART-DISEASE; CARDIAC-CATHETERIZATION; CONSCIOUS SEDATION; METABOLIC-ACIDOSIS; MIDAZOLAM; INFUSION AB Objectives: To describe our experience using propofol sedation to facilitate elective diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and to document the safety profile of propofol in this setting. Design: Retrospective consecutive case series and review of the literature. Setting: Pediatric intensive care unit of a United States Navy tertiary care medical center. Patients: Children receiving propofol for procedural sedation over an 18-month period. Outcome Measures: Descriptive features of sedation including adverse events. Results: During the study period, 91 children received propofol to facilitate the performance of 110 medical procedures. The mean induction dose was 2.41 mg/kg, the mean infusion rate was 179.3 mug/kg/min, and the mean total dose of propofol administered was 4.23 mg/kg. In all cases, sedation was successfully achieved. The average length of stay in the PICU was 108.4 minutes. Three children (3.3%) had transient episodes of oxygen desaturation that improved with repositioning of the airway. No child required placement of an endotracheal tube. Three (3.3%) children experienced hypotension requiring a decrease in the infusion rate, of propofol and a 10-mL/kg bolus infusion of normal saline. No cardiac arrhythmias or adverse neurologic effects secondary to propofol infusion were identified. Conclusions: Pediatric intensivists can safely and effectively administer propofol to facilitate the performance of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures outside the operating room setting. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Crit Care Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Wheeler, DS (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Childrens Med Ctr, Sect Crit Care Med, 1446 Harper St,BT-2641, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. NR 66 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0749-5161 J9 PEDIATR EMERG CARE JI Pediatr. Emerg. Care PD DEC PY 2003 VL 19 IS 6 BP 385 EP 392 DI 10.1097/01.pec.0000101578.65509.71 PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics SC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics GA 755FQ UT WOS:000187393200002 PM 14676486 ER PT J AU Sharieff, GQ Brousseau, TJ Bradshaw, JA Shad, JA AF Sharieff, GQ Brousseau, TJ Bradshaw, JA Shad, JA TI Acute esophageal coin ingestions: is immediate removal necessary? SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE foreign body, coin; fluoroscopic guided; Foley catheter removal ID SPONTANEOUS PASSAGE; FOREIGN-BODIES; METAL DETECTOR; CHILDREN; EXPERIENCE; SYMPTOMS AB Aims. Coins are the most commonly encountered foreign body ingestions presenting to the emergency department (ED). The purpose of our study was to retrospectively evaluate a new institutional protocol implemented in 1998, in which healthy patients with acute (less than 24 h) coin ingestions located below the thoracic inlet, were observed at home with next-day follow-up. If repeat radiographs revealed a persistent esophageal foreign body, then the coin was removed. Methods. The charts of all patients who presented to the ED with a complaint of esophageal foreign body were reviewed from 1 January 1998 until 31 December 2001. Patients were excluded if they had non-acute ingestions, known esophageal pathology, severe symptoms such as stridor or inability to tolerate oral fluids, or incomplete records. Results. Of 31 patients with esophageal coin ingestions, 16 had coins above the thoracic inlet. Three of these patients were asymptomatic and all experienced spontaneous coin passage into the stomach within 2 h of ED presentation while awaiting coin removal. There were eight eligible patients with coins located below the thoracic inlet. Three of five patients with mid-esophageal coins experienced spontaneous coin passage while the remaining two required coin removal on next-day follow-up for persistent esophageal coins. Three of three patients with distal-esophageal coin ingestions experienced spontaneous coin passage. There were no complications in any of the patients who underwent delayed coin removal either due to the procedure itself or to a delay in therapy. Conclusions. Patients with acute esophageal coin ingestions may experience spontaneous coin passage and therefore, patients with coins located below the thoracic inlet with minor symptoms may be candidates for next-day follow-up. If repeat radiographs reveal a persistent esophageal coin, then the coin should be immediately removed. Furthermore, asymptomatic patients with coins above the thoracic inlet should undergo repeat radiographs in 2-5 h, as spontaneous coin passage may occur. Our protocol may also be more convenient and cost-effective as patients can be observed at home. C1 Univ Florida, Hlth Sci Ctr Shands, Dept Emergency Med, Jacksonville, FL 32209 USA. Univ Florida, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol & Pediat, Jacksonville, FL 32209 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Sharieff, GQ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Hlth Sci Ctr Shands, Dept Emergency Med, 655 W 8th St, Jacksonville, FL 32209 USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0301-0449 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 33 IS 12 BP 859 EP 863 DI 10.1007/s00247-003-1032-4 PG 5 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 746HU UT WOS:000186741600008 PM 14551754 ER PT J AU Baruah, T Zope, RR Richardson, SL Pederson, MR AF Baruah, T Zope, RR Richardson, SL Pederson, MR TI Electronic structure and rebonding in the onionlike As@Ni-12@As-20 cluster SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID APPROXIMATION; SIMULATIONS; SYSTEMS AB We present the ab initio study of the geometry, electronic structure, charged states, bonding, and vibrational modes of the recently synthesized fullerene-like As@Ni-12@As-20 cluster which has icosahedral point symmetry [M. J. Moses, J. C. Fettinger, and B. W. Eichhorn, Science, 300, 778 (2003)]. We show that the molecule is vibrationally stable and will be electronically most stable in its -3 oxidation state in the condensed phase and in -2 state in the gas phase. We examine the bonding in this unusually structured molecule from charge transfer between atoms, infrared and Raman spectra, and charge-density isosurfaces. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Howard Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Howard Univ, Sch Engn, Math Sci Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baruah, T (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 24 AR 241404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.241404 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 766TP UT WOS:000188391900021 ER PT J AU Erwin, SC Hellberg, CS AF Erwin, SC Hellberg, CS TI Predicted absence of ferromagnetism in manganese-doped diamond SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DIVACANCY; SILICON; SEMICONDUCTOR; COMPLEX AB We use density-functional theoretical methods to examine the recent prediction, based on a mean-field solution of the Zener model, that diamond doped by Mn (with spin S=5/2) would be a dilute magnetic semiconductor that remains ferromagnetic well above room temperature. Our findings suggest this to be unlikely, for four reasons: (1) substitutional Mn in diamond has a low-spin S=1/2 ground state, (2) the substitutional site is energetically unfavorable relative to the much larger "divacancy" site, (3) Mn in the divacancy site is an acceptor, but with only hyperdeep levels, and hence the holes are likely to remain localized, (4) the calculated Heisenberg couplings between Mn in nearby divacancy sites are two orders of magnitude smaller than for substitutional Mn in germanium. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Erwin, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 24 AR 245206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.245206 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 766TP UT WOS:000188391900050 ER PT J AU Gotsis, HJ Mazin, II AF Gotsis, HJ Mazin, II TI Ferromagnetism and spin-orbital compensation in Sm intermetallics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MAGNETIZATION; INSULATORS AB The electronic structure and magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic Sm intermetallics SmAl2 and SmZn have been calculated within the local density approximation (LDA)+U method. In contrast to LDA, which predicts a strong peak of 4f character in the density of states on the Fermi level, the LDA+U method predicts occupied 4f states well below the Fermi energy and empty ones well above this energy. We find a sizeable orbital magnetic moment, comparable in magnitude with the opposite oriented spin moment. This result is consistent with the recent observation of ferromagnetic spin ordering, compensated by the orbital magnetization. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gotsis, HJ (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys & Astron, 18111 Nordhoff St, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 22 AR 224427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.224427d PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 763JN UT WOS:000188081900072 ER PT J AU Ossowski, MM Boyer, LL Mehl, MJ Pederson, MR AF Ossowski, MM Boyer, LL Mehl, MJ Pederson, MR TI Water molecule by the self-consistent atomic deformation method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; HYBRID FUNCTIONALS; VIBRATIONAL-MODES; ELECTRON-GAS; APPROXIMATION; OPTIMIZATION; POTENTIALS; ACCURATE AB We present a density functional method which expresses the charge density of a system of atoms as a sum over localized atomiclike densities derived from potentials defined variationally from the total energy expression, which includes contributions from overlapping densities. An approach for systematically increasing the variational freedom of the atomiclike densities is introduced and tested for the water molecule. For the water molecule our method results in complete charge transfer for sufficiently small bond lengths and reverses the charge transfer at large bond lengths. In case of complete charge transfer the overlap contributions are zero, allowing a direct comparison with the traditional Kohn-Sham approach. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 24 AR 245107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.245107 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 766TP UT WOS:000188391900030 ER PT J AU Sullivan, JM Boishin, GI Whitman, LJ Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT Erwin, SC AF Sullivan, JM Boishin, GI Whitman, LJ Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT Erwin, SC TI Cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy of Mn-doped GaAs: Theory and experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; CURIE-TEMPERATURE; GA1-XMNXAS; (GA,MN)AS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; FERROMAGNETISM; SEMICONDUCTORS; METALS AB We report first-principles calculations of the energetics and simulated scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images for Mn dopants near the GaAs (110) surface, and compare the results with cross-sectional STM images. The Mn configurations considered here include substitutionals, interstitials, and complexes of substitutionals and interstitials in the first three layers near the surface. Based on detailed comparisons of the simulated and experimental images, we identify three types of Mn configurations imaged at the surface: (1) single Mn substitutionals, (2) pairs of Mn substitutionals, and (3) complexes of Mn substitutionals and interstitials. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Sullivan, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sullivan@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 32 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 23 AR 235324 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.235324 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 764DL UT WOS:000188186400081 ER PT J AU Scime, EE Murphy, R Ganguli, GI Edlund, E AF Scime, EE Murphy, R Ganguli, GI Edlund, E TI Electrostatic ion-cyclotron waves in a currentless, anisotropic plasma with inhomogeneous flow SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS; PARALLEL-VELOCITY SHEAR; FIELD-ALIGNED FLOW; ENERGIZATION MECHANISMS; ACOUSTIC BRANCH; AURORAL REGION; INSTABILITIES; EXCITATION; IONOSPHERE AB The linearized dispersion relation describing waves in a plasma having a uniform magnetic field, uniform density, inhomogeneous parallel (to the magnetic field) flow, and thermal anisotropy (T-iperpendicular to/T-iparallel to) is used to determine the threshold condition for growth of an electrostatic ion cyclotron wave and its harmonics. The inclusion of moderate ion thermal anisotropy (T-iperpendicular to/T(iparallel to)similar to3) and parallel-flow shear (dV(d)/dxsimilar to0.05Omega(ci)), values typical of many space and laboratory plasmas, reduces the critical current necessary for instability growth to nearly zero. That an electrostatic instability conventionally associated with strong field aligned currents can be excited in the absence of any field aligned current and only by moderate parallel-flow shear suggests that ion cyclotron instabilities may play a larger role in many plasma environments than previously believed. The decrease in the instability threshold for increasing thermal anisotropy suggests that ion heating due to ion cyclotron waves may result in a positive feedback process absent in homogeneous plasmas. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Plasma Fus Sci Ctr, Boston, MA 02139 USA. RP Scime, EE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 12 BP 4609 EP 4612 DI 10.1063/1.1624604 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 746PP UT WOS:000186755000003 ER PT J AU Lindl, JD Hammel, BA Logan, BG Meyerhofer, DD Payne, SA Sethian, JD AF Lindl, JD Hammel, BA Logan, BG Meyerhofer, DD Payne, SA Sethian, JD TI The US inertial confinement fusion (ICF) ignition programme and the inertial fusion energy (IFE) programme SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA ID TARGET PHYSICS; OMEGA AB There has been rapid progress in inertial fusion in the past few years. This progress spans the construction of ignition facilities, a wide range of target concepts and the pursuit of integrated programmes to develop fusion energy using lasers, ion beams and z-pinches. Two ignition facilities are under construction, the national ignition facility (NIF) in the United States and the laser megajoule (LMJ) in France, and both projects are progressing towards an initial experimental capability. The laser integration line prototype beamline for LMJ and the first four beams of NIF will be available for experiments in 2003. The full 192 beam capability of NIF will be available in 2009 and ignition experiments are expected to begin shortly after that time. There is steady progress in target science and target fabrication in preparation for indirect-drive ignition experiments on NIF. Advanced target designs may lead to 5-10 times more yield than initial target designs. There has also been excellent progress on the science of ion beam and z-pinch-driven indirect-drive targets. Excellent progress on direct-drive targets has been obtained on the Omega laser at the University of Rochester. This includes improved performance of targets with a pulse shape predicted to result in reduced hydrodynamic instability. Rochester has also obtained encouraging results from initial cryogenic implosions. There is widespread interest in the science of fast ignition because of its potential for achieving higher target gain with lower driver energy and relaxed target fabrication requirements. Researchers from Osaka have achieved outstanding implosion and heating results from the Gekko XII Petawatt facility and implosions suitable for fast ignition have been tested on the Omega laser. A broad-based programme to develop lasers and ion beams for inertial fusion energy (IFE) is under way with excellent progress in drivers, chambers, target fabrication and target injection. KrF and diode pumped solid-state lasers are being developed in conjunction with dry-wall chambers and direct-drive targets. Induction accelerators for heavy ions are being developed in conjunction with thick-liquid protected wall chambers and indirect-drive targets. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lindl, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2003 VL 45 SU 12A BP A217 EP A234 AR PII S0741-3335(03)69174-8 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/45/12A/015 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 763JD UT WOS:000188080900017 ER PT J AU Wilharm, CK AF Wilharm, CK TI Combustion model for pyrophoric metal foils SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE combustion model; pyrophoric metal; diffusion; heat transport AB A model for the combustion of pyrophoric metal foils has been developed. The diffusive mass transport, heat transport, and chemical reactions of porous iron foils have been described. The temperature and radiated energy of these materials has been predicted as a function of the physical characteristics of the material (porosity, pore size, specific surface area) for different atmospheric conditions (temperatures and oxygen concentrations varied with altitude and wind velocity). C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Ordnance Engn Directorate, Crane Div, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Wilharm, CK (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Ordnance Engn Directorate, Crane Div, 300 Highway 361, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM wilharm_c@crane.navy.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 28 IS 6 BP 296 EP 300 DI 10.1002/prep.20030031 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 761DH UT WOS:000187884400003 ER PT J AU Weaver, JL Feldman, U Mostovych, AN Seely, JF Colombant, D Holland, G AF Weaver, JL Feldman, U Mostovych, AN Seely, JF Colombant, D Holland, G TI Soft x-ray emission from postpulse expanding laser-produced plasmas SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION GRATING SPECTROMETER; RECOMBINATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROGRAPH; EXPANSION; FUSION; POLYETHYLENE; TEMPERATURE; VELOCITY; TARGETS AB A diagnostic spectrometer has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory to measure the time resolved absolute intensity of radiation emitted from targets irradiated by the Nike laser. The spectrometer consists of a dispersive transmission grating of 2500 lines/mm or 5000 lines/mm and a detection system consisting of an absolutely calibrated Si photodiode array and a charge coupled device camera. In this article, this spectrometer was used to study the spatial distribution of soft x-ray radiation from low Z elements (primarily carbon) that lasted tens of nanoseconds after the main laser illumination was over. We recorded soft x-ray emission as a function of the target material and target orientation with respect to the incoming laser beam and the spectrometer line of sight. While a number of spectral features have been identified in the data, the instrument's combined temporal and spatial resolution allowed observation of the plasma expansion from CH targets for up to similar to25 ns after the cessation of the main laser pulse. The inferred plasma expansion velocities are slightly higher than those previously reported. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Artep Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. RP Weaver, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 74 IS 12 BP 5076 EP 5083 DI 10.1063/1.1623619 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 746PU UT WOS:000186755400012 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Wallace, MR AF Crum, NF Wallace, MR TI Group B streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock-like syndrome: A case report and review of the literature SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID ADULTS; CELLULITIS; DISEASE AB We report the fourth case of group B streptococcal (GBS) necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock-like syndrome. Since the mechanism of GBS toxic shock may be similar to Group A Streptococcus, intravenous immunoglobulin should be considered as an adjunct to clindamycin-based antibiotic therapy. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, Dept Internal Med, Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0036-5548 J9 SCAND J INFECT DIS JI Scand. J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 35 IS 11-12 BP 878 EP 881 DI 10.1080/00365540310016691 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 749NX UT WOS:000186927800019 PM 14723367 ER PT J AU Reynolds, AP Tang, W Posada, M DeLoach, J AF Reynolds, AP Tang, W Posada, M DeLoach, J TI Friction stir welding of DH36 steel SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article AB Hot rolled DH36 carbon steel, 6.4 mm in thickness, Was friction stir welded at speeds of 3.4 mm s(-1) (8 in min(-1)), 5.1 mm s(-1) (12 in min(-1)), and 7.6 mm s(-1) (18 in min(-1)). Single pass welds free of volumetric defects were produced at each speed. The relationships between welding parameters and weld properties are discussed. Optical microscopy, microhardness testing, and transverse and longitudinal tensile tests have been performed. Bainite and martensite are found in the nugget region of the friction stir welds whereas the base material is comprised of ferrite and peat-lite. The maximum hardness is observed in the weld nugget, and the hardness decreases gradually from the weld nugget, through the heat affected Zone, to the base metal. Tensile testing also indicates overmatching of the weld metal relative to the base metal. Maximum hardness and longitudinal (all weld metal) tensile strengths increase with increasing welding speeds. Weld transverse tensile strengths are governed by the base metal properties, as all transverse tensile bars fail in the base metal. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Welding & NDE, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Reynolds, AP (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, 300 Main St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM apr@sc.edu; tang@engr.sc.edu; posadam@nswccd.navy.mil; DeloachJJ@nswccd.navy.mil RI Reynolds, Anthony/F-2585-2010; Tang, Wei/E-3613-2017 OI Tang, Wei/0000-0002-9274-9574 NR 13 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 13 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 8 IS 6 BP 455 EP 460 DI 10.1179/136217103225009125 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 761MT UT WOS:000187913100010 ER PT J AU Glazier, D AF Glazier, D TI Kangaroo court or competent tribunal?: Judging the 21st century military commission SO VIRGINIA LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ACTS; WAR C1 Univ Virginia, Sch Law, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USN, Washington, DC USA. RP Glazier, D (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Law, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 85 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV VIRGINIA PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA SCHOOL LAW, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22901 USA SN 0042-6601 J9 VA LAW REV JI VA. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 89 IS 8 BP 2005 EP 2093 DI 10.2307/3202371 PG 89 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 761LH UT WOS:000187909900005 ER PT J AU Jones, SC Harr, PA Abraham, J Bosart, LF Bowyer, PJ Evans, JL Hanley, DE Hanstrum, BN Hart, RE Lalaurette, F Sinclair, MR Smith, RK Thorncroft, C AF Jones, SC Harr, PA Abraham, J Bosart, LF Bowyer, PJ Evans, JL Hanley, DE Hanstrum, BN Hart, RE Lalaurette, F Sinclair, MR Smith, RK Thorncroft, C TI The extratropical transition of tropical cyclones: Forecast challenges, current understanding, and future directions SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Review ID POTENTIAL VORTICITY INVERSION; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATIONS; EXPLOSIVELY DEEPENING CYCLONE; HURRICANE TRACK PREDICTION; UPPER-TROPOSPHERIC TROUGHS; OCEAN CURRENT RESPONSE; SURFACE-ENERGY FLUXES; MARCH 1993 SUPERSTORM; GFDL MODEL FORECAST AB A significant number of tropical cyclones move into the midlatitudes and transform into extratropical cyclones. This process is generally referred to as extratropical transition ( ET). During ET a cyclone frequently produces intense rainfall and strong winds and has increased forward motion, so that such systems pose a serious threat to land and maritime activities. Changes in the structure of a system as it evolves from a tropical to an extratropical cyclone during ET necessitate changes in forecast strategies. In this paper a brief climatology of ET is given and the challenges associated with forecasting extratropical transition are described in terms of the forecast variables ( track, intensity, surface winds, precipitation) and their impacts ( flooding, bush fires, ocean response). The problems associated with the numerical prediction of ET are discussed. A comprehensive review of the current understanding of the processes involved in ET is presented. Classifications of extratropical transition are described and potential vorticity thinking is presented as an aid to understanding ET. Further sections discuss the interaction between a tropical cyclone and the midlatitude environment, the role of latent heat release, convection and the underlying surface in ET, the structural changes due to frontogenesis, the mechanisms responsible for precipitation, and the energy budget during ET. Finally, a summary of the future directions for research into ET is given. C1 Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Dorval, PQ, Canada. SUNY Albany, Univ Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY USA. Canadian Hurrican Ctr, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmosphere Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Bur Meteorol, Perth, WA, Australia. European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Prescott, AZ USA. RP Jones, SC (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM sarah@meteo.physik.uni-muenchen.de RI Jones, Sarah/B-2339-2013 NR 266 TC 217 Z9 227 U1 11 U2 38 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1052 EP 1092 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<1052:TETOTC>2.0.CO;2 PG 41 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 753UZ UT WOS:000187250100004 ER PT J AU Masuoka, PM Claborn, DM Andre, RG Nigro, J Gordon, SW Klein, TA Kim, HC AF Masuoka, PM Claborn, DM Andre, RG Nigro, J Gordon, SW Klein, TA Kim, HC TI Use of IKONOS and Landsat for malaria control in the Republic of Korea SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE IKONOS; Landsat; malaria control ID KYUNGGI PROVINCE; LARVAL HABITATS; VILLAGES AB Malaria reemerged in the Republic of Korea (ROK) in 1993. While limited numbers of U.S. soldiers in high-risk areas use chloroquine/primaquine chemoprophylaxis to prevent malaria, control of mosquito larvae through larviciding also can be used to reduce the risk of malaria transmission. In order to estimate the cost of larviciding, accurate estimates of the spatial extent of mosquito larval habitats are necessary. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an accurate estimate of the area covered by mosquito larval habitats can be obtained using Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (ETM+) and/or IKONOS data for the Korean test site. To estimate the area covered by larval habitats near Camp Greaves [Paekyeon-Ri, near Tongil-Chon (village)] in the ROK, an IKONOS and a Landsat 7 ETM+ image were classified using a parallelepiped classification. In a comparison with rice paddy field sites, 24 (92%) of the sites were classified correctly on the IKONOS image and 17 (65%) were classified correctly on the Landsat image. Comparing the classifications on a pixel-by-pixel basis, the agreement between the two classifications was 79%. Part of the disagreement was due to the difference in resolution of the two images. In spite of local differences, the two classifications produced similar area estimates. Although either Landsat or IKONOS could be used in Korea for a reasonable estimate of habitat area, only IKONOS can resolve small irrigation ponds. While ponds represent a small portion of the total larval habitat, they are an important source for mosquito breeding during the late rice-growing season in the ROK since they contain higher larval densities. High-resolution imagery, such as IKONOS, would be necessary for planning and implementing treatment of these smaller habitats. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Navy Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Ft Mcpherson, GA 30330 USA. Prevent Serv Directorate, Med Command 18, Unit 15281, APO, AP 96205 USA. RP Masuoka, PM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 920, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Gordon, Scott/B-8875-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 17 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 30 PY 2003 VL 88 IS 1-2 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2003.04.009 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 751QM UT WOS:000187078500015 ER PT J AU Ko, DS Preller, RH Jacobs, GA Tang, TY Lin, SF AF Ko, DS Preller, RH Jacobs, GA Tang, TY Lin, SF TI Transport reversals at Taiwan strait during October and November 1999 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE ocean/atmosphere interactions; transport variation at strait; coastally trapped wave; numerical/analytical modeling; ocean prediction; continental shelf processes ID PREDICTION SYSTEM; YELLOW SEA AB The observed transport reversals at Taiwan Strait during October and November 1999 are examined by analytic solutions, a numerical ocean model, and the prediction from a real-time, North Pacific Ocean, data-assimilating model. Wind stress explains a majority of the transport reversals. The reversals are forced by a combination of the local wind and the remote wind in the Yellow and East China Seas. The connection between the Yellow and East China Seas wind stress and transport reversals at Taiwan Strait is provided by coastally trapped waves. The waves are generated by the northerly winter wind bursts in the Yellow Sea and are enhanced in the East China Sea by alongshore northerly wind. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Ko, DS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7320, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 16 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 28 PY 2003 VL 108 IS C11 AR 3370 DI 10.1029/2003JC001836 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 749RB UT WOS:000186941700004 ER PT J AU Dunlap, BI AF Dunlap, BI TI Analytic and variational X alpha in the Slater-Roothaan method SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; AUXILIARY BASIS-SETS; APPROXIMATE COULOMB POTENTIALS; LEVEL DFT CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE ORBITALS; HARTREE-FOCK; INTEGRAL EVALUATION; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; ROW ATOMS; ENERGY AB An analytic and mathematically variational linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals density-functional method that allows arbitrary scaling of the Slater-Gasper-Kohn-Sham exchange-correlation potential about each atom is described. The method can be made exact in the separated-atom limit. It is based on robust and variational fitting, which is reviewed and extended to fast-multipole methods. The Slater-Roothaan method requires four basis sets and delivers a total energy that is independent of all fitting errors through first order. A database of atomic Gaussian basis sets is used to construct inputs for a standard set of 56 molecules. That database contains our basis sets as well as the DGauss DZVP2 double-zeta and 6-311G triple-zeta polarized Gaussian basis sets for fitting molecular orbitals. Another two subdatabases contain the s- and non-s-type basis sets for fitting the charge density and the exchange-correlation potentials, which are related to the cube root of a partitioned density and its square. A bond-centered basis function can be added to all fitting bases via software. Eight different fitting basis sets are studied. Using the Hartree-Fock values of alpha, these molecules are overbound on average, but using a uniform alpha = 0.7, these molecules are underbound on average, independent of fitting basis. Mixing exact exchange will not obviously improve the method. C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 78 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 27 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 47 BP 10082 EP 10089 DI 10.1021/jp0221789 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 746RU UT WOS:000186762100010 ER PT J AU Chen, Q Kirby, JT Dalrymple, RA Shi, FY Thornton, EB AF Chen, Q Kirby, JT Dalrymple, RA Shi, FY Thornton, EB TI Boussinesq modeling of longshore currents SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE longshore currents; Boussinesq modeling; nearshore circulation; surf zone currents; wave breaking; irregular waves ID NONLINEAR SHEAR INSTABILITIES; INCIDENT SEA WAVES; SHALLOW-WATER; SURF-ZONE; ALONGSHORE CURRENTS; BARRED BEACHES; GRAVITY-WAVES; BREAKING; NEARSHORE; TURBULENCE AB [ 1] A time domain Boussinesq model for nearshore hydrodynamics is improved to obtain the conservation of vertical vorticity correct to second order and extended for use on an open coast using longshore periodic boundary conditions. The model is utilized to simulate surface waves and longshore currents under laboratory and field conditions. Satisfactory agreement is found between numerical results and measurements, including root mean square wave height, mean water level, and longshore current. One striking result of the simulations is the prediction of the strong longshore current in the trough shoreward of the bar as observed during the Duck Experiment on Low- frequency and Incident- band Longshore and Across- shore Hydrodynamics field campaign. The model results give insight into the spatial and temporal variability of wave- driven longshore currents and the associated vertical vorticity field under the phase- resolving, random wave forcing with wave/ current interaction. Numerical experiments are carried out to examine the response of the modeled longshore currents to the randomness of surface waves and the cross- shore distributions of bed shear stress coefficient. We find that both regular and irregular waves lead to very similar mean longshore currents, while the input of monochromatic, unidirectional waves results in much more energetic shear waves than does the input of random waves. The model results favor Whitford and Thornton's [ 1996] finding that the bed shear stress coefficient for the area offshore the bar is larger than that in the trough, as better agreement with the field data for both regular and irregular waves is found if such coefficients are used in the Boussinesq model. C1 Univ S Alabama, Dept Civil Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chen, Q (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Civil Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. RI Dalrymple, Robert /A-3334-2010 NR 61 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 26 PY 2003 VL 108 IS C11 AR 3362 DI 10.1029/2002JC001308 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 749RA UT WOS:000186941600001 ER PT J AU Smith, JM Vincent, CL AF Smith, JM Vincent, CL TI Equilibrium ranges in surf zone wave spectra SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE surf zone; wave spectra; equilibrium range; wave breaking; Field Research Facility; two-peaked spectra ID GENERATED GRAVITY-WAVES; LINEAR ENERGY-TRANSFER; SHALLOW-WATER WAVES; BEACH; BREAKING AB [ 1] Laboratory measurements of two wave trains breaking on a plane slope demonstrate dramatic changes in spectral shape in the surf zone. The higher- frequency spectral peak is completely eliminated in the surf zone, and the resulting spectral shape is similar regardless of the peak frequency and relative energy content of the higher- frequency peak. Examination of both laboratory and field data show that surf zone wave number ( k) spectra evolve to contain two equilibrium ranges. The higher- frequency range is similar to that proposed by Toba in deeper water with the form k-(5/ 2) and is valid for approximately k > 1/ depth. The second range falls between the peak wave number and k = 1/ depth and has a wave number dependence of k(-4/3), similar to that proposed by Zakharov on theoretical grounds. The equilibrium range coefficients, which are a function of wind speed in deep and finite water depths, are a function of the water depth in the surf zone. The laboratory and field data sets used in these analyses covered a broad range of conditions ( unidirectional and multidirectional waves, plane and barred beaches, two orders of magnitude variation in wave height, and one order of magnitude variation in wave period), yet the equilibrium ranges identified were consistent and provide a robust parameterization of surf zone wave spectra. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, CEERDC HC C, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Off Naval Res, Coastal Dynam Program, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Smith, JM (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, CEERDC HC C, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 26 PY 2003 VL 108 IS C11 AR 3366 DI 10.1029/2003JC001930 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 749RA UT WOS:000186941600005 ER PT J AU McCormack, JP AF McCormack, JP TI The influence of the 11-year solar cycle on the quasi-biennial oscillation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL UPPER-STRATOSPHERE; 2-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATOLOGY; RATES; QBO AB [ 1] The zonally averaged CHEM2D photochemical-dynamical middle atmosphere model is used to investigate the effect of the 11- year cycle in solar ultraviolet ( UV) irradiance on the quasi- biennial oscillation ( QBO) in equatorial lower stratospheric zonal wind. Model calculations show the duration of the westerly ( easterly) phase of the modeled QBO is similar to 1 month shorter ( longer) at solar maximum than at solar minimum. This effect is most apparent when the modeled QBO period is 28 months, and it is dependent on the magnitude of the imposed solar UV variations. The model results also show that a realistic simulation of the semi- annual oscillation in equatorial zonal wind is necessary to produce solar cycle changes in QBO behavior. This is the first fully interactive modeling study to show that changes in solar UV can influence the behavior of the QBO, and lends support to the current working theory of sun- climate connections. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCormack, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7646,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 22 AR 2162 DI 10.1029/2003GL018314 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 749QK UT WOS:000186939600003 ER PT J AU Shenoy, DK Feresenbet, EB Pinalli, R Dalcanale, E AF Shenoy, DK Feresenbet, EB Pinalli, R Dalcanale, E TI Effect of thin film processing on cavitand selectivity SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; SOLVENT VAPORS; SENSORS C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Parma, Dipartimento Chim Organ & Ind, I-43100 Parma, Italy. UdR Pharma, INSTM, I-43100 Parma, Italy. RP Shenoy, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Dalcanale, Enrico/A-6352-2012; OI Dalcanale, Enrico/0000-0001-6964-788X; Pinalli, Roberta/0000-0002-0000-8980 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 24 BP 10454 EP 10456 DI 10.1021/la0350857 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 745NJ UT WOS:000186694500070 ER PT J AU Evora, VMF Shukla, A AF Evora, VMF Shukla, A TI Fabrication, characterization, and dynamic behavior of polyester/TiO2 nanocomposites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE fracture toughness; dynamic fracture; nanocomposites; split Hopkinson pressure bar; strain rate; particle reinforcement ID ALUMINA/SILICON CARBIDE NANOCOMPOSITES; FILLED EPOXY COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; VOLUME FRACTION; CRACK-GROWTH; POLYMER; REINFORCEMENT; ALUMINA; SIZE AB Unsaturated polyester resin specimens embedded with small loadings of 36 nm average diameter TiO2 particles were fabricated using a direct ultrasonification method to study the effects of nanosized particles on nanocomposite bulk mechanical properties. The ultrasonification method employed produced nanocomposites with excellent particle dispersion as verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Quasi-static fracture toughness, tension, and compression testing was carried out. The presence of the particles had the greatest effect on fracture toughness; negligible influence was observed in the remaining quasi-static properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces was carried out to identify toughening mechanisms. The inadequacy of the bond between the filler and the matrix and the presence of minor particle agglomerations in specimens containing higher volume fractions of particles were believed to be responsible for a consistent decrease in property values beyond a volume fraction of 1 vol.%. Dynamic fracture toughness testing was carried out, and an increase in dynamic fracture toughness relative to quasi-static fracture toughness was observed. High strain rate testing conducted using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus revealed a moderate stiffening effect with increasing particle volume fraction, although no marked effect was observed on the ultimate strength. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Dynam Photomech Lab, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM evoravf@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 31 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 361 IS 1-2 BP 358 EP 366 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00536-7 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 739PB UT WOS:000186354700043 ER PT J AU Karle, IL Gopi, HN Balaram, P AF Karle, IL Gopi, HN Balaram, P TI Crystal structure of a hydrophobic 19-residue peptide helix containing three centrally located D amino acids SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BETA-HAIRPIN PEPTIDE; REVERSAL; DESIGN; MODEL; DEPSIPEPTIDES; PATTERSON; PROTEINS; FRAGMENT; RESIDUES AB The design of the synthetic 19-residue pepticle Boc-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-LeU(5)-Aib-Val-D-Ala-D-Leu-Leu(10)-Val-Phe--Val-Aib-D-Val(15)-Leu-Phe-Val-Val-OMe (Aib alpha-aminoisobutric acid; OMe, methyl ester) was intended to produce a crystalline peptide with independent helical and hairpin domains. The design was partially based on an octapeptide with the same sequence as residues 11-18 above, which was shown to fold into a beta-hairpin in the crystal. However, the crystal structure of the present peptide provided a surprising result. The conformation is the longest characterized right-handed a-helix, with as many as three internal D residues in the sequence. The completely helical structure was also unexpected, because beta-branched residues such as Val have a low propensity for helix formation in proteins. The helical peptides in the present structure assemble to form hydrophobic channels that accommodate five toluene molecules per peptide along the length of the channel. The structural results illustrate the similarity in energetics between helical and P-hairpin conformations for peptides containing Aib residues. The crystallographic parameters for C(107)H(179)N(19)O(22)(.)3H(2)O(.)2.5 toluenes are: space group C2, a = 34.679(3) Angstrom, b = 12.866(1) Angstrom, c = 31.915(3) Angstrom, beta = 96.511(8)degrees, V 14,148 Angstrom(3), Z = 4, d(calc) = 1.099 g/cm(3), and agreement factor R-1 = 10.2%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Gopi, HN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM030902, GM30902, R37 GM030902] NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 24 BP 13946 EP 13951 DI 10.1073/pnas.2336106100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 747KN UT WOS:000186803800038 PM 14617766 ER PT J AU Chen, J Krall, J AF Chen, J Krall, J TI Acceleration of coronal mass ejections SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CME acceleration; CME initiation; scaling law; flux rope eruption; solar and stellar eruptions ID MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPES; ERUPTIVE PROMINENCE; SOLAR CORONA; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; CURRENT LOOPS; RAPID CHANGES; JANUARY 1997; FLARES; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB [1] The acceleration of coronal mass ejections ( CMEs) is examined focusing on three specific questions raised by observations: ( 1) what determines the height beyond which a CME exhibits no rapid acceleration, ( 2) why is the main acceleration of CMEs typically limited to below 2 - 3 solar radii, and ( 3) are distinct mechanisms required to explain the apparent bimodal distribution of speed-height profiles. Using a theoretical model of CMEs based on a three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic flux rope, it is shown that the acceleration of CMEs exhibits a universal scaling law characterized by the critical height Z* = S-f/2 such that maximum acceleration is attained shortly after height Z of the flux-rope apex exceeds Z*, where S-f is the footpoint separation distance. Theoretical analysis and observed CME dynamics show two distinct phases of acceleration: the "main'' and "residual'' acceleration phases. The main acceleration phase occurs for apex height Z less than or equal to Z(m), where Z(m) is found to be similar or equal to 3 Z(*), and the residual acceleration phase corresponds to Z > Z(m). Thus the observed acceleration profile can be directly related to S-f. These results are explained in terms of the 3-D geometry of a flux rope, its inductive properties, and the Lorentz self-force. We have also constructed ensembles of flux-rope profiles corresponding to varying amounts and durations of poloidal flux injection. We find that the resulting distribution of model speed-height profiles is similar to that observed if an upper limit on the amount of injected flux is imposed. One mechanism is sufficient to account for the observed properties and distribution of CME acceleration. The theory is quantitatively tested against observed CMEs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 63 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A11 AR 1410 DI 10.1029/2003JA009849 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 749CD UT WOS:000186900300003 ER PT J AU Brodine, SK Starkey, MJ Shaffer, RA Ito, SI Tasker, SA Barile, AJ Tamminga, CL Stephan, KT Aronson, NE Fraser, SL Wallace, MR Wegner, SA Mascola, JR McCutchan, FE AF Brodine, SK Starkey, MJ Shaffer, RA Ito, SI Tasker, SA Barile, AJ Tamminga, CL Stephan, KT Aronson, NE Fraser, SL Wallace, MR Wegner, SA Mascola, JR McCutchan, FE TI Diverse HIV-1 subtypes and clinical, laboratory and behavioral factors in a recently infected US military cohort SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; HIV-1 subtypes; US military; cross-sectional study; risk factors; seroconversion; epidemiology ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; NON-B SUBTYPES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; UNITED-STATES; SENTINEL SITE; VIRAL LOAD; RESISTANCE; POLYMORPHISMS; TRANSMISSION; PROGRESSION AB Objective: To describe the demographics, risk behaviors, and HIV-1 subtypes in a large cohort of recently HIV-infected military personnel. Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Methods: US military personnel with recent HIV seroconversion from six medical referral centers were enrolled with a self-administered questionnaire, CD4 cell counts, syphilis and hepatitis B serologies, plasma viral RNA levels, and HIV-1 subtype nucleic acid sequencing. Results: Between February 1997 and May 2000, 520 patients were enrolled. Most [488 (94.3%)] were infected with HIV-1 subtype B. The most prevalent non-B subtype was a circulating recombinant form (CRF01_AE) [17 (61%)]; however, two pure subtypes (C and D), as well as CRF02_AG, CRF09_cpx and a BE recombinant were identified. The likely area of HIV-1 acquisition was the United States for 70% of the volunteers. At least three non-B subtype infections (two subtype C, one subtype CRF01_AE) were apparently acquired domestically. Risk behaviors and comorbid sexually transmitted diseases were reported during the seroconversion period. Volunteers with non-B subtype HIV infection were more likely to report heterosexual contacts [92% vs. 39%; odds ratio (OR), 10.0], including contacts with commercial sex workers (41% vs. 13%; OR, 4.9). The Roche Amplicor version 1.0 assay was less sensitive for non-B subtype infections than the Roche Amplicor version 1.5 assay. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence and diversity of non-B HIV subtypes in this large cohort. Efficient diagnosis of acute primary HIV-1 infection was identified as a goal for prevention programs. Modifiable risk behaviors and target populations for intervention were identified. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 San Diego State Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. Geocenters Inc, Newton, MA USA. USN, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Brodine, SK (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 30 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 17 BP 2521 EP 2527 DI 10.1097/00002030-200311210-00016 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 809YR UT WOS:000220672500015 PM 14600525 ER PT J AU Keenan, FP Katsiyannis, AC Reid, RHG Pradhan, AK Zhang, HL Widing, KG AF Keenan, FP Katsiyannis, AC Reid, RHG Pradhan, AK Zhang, HL Widing, KG TI Extreme ultraviolet emission lines of Ar xiv in solar active region and flare spectra SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE atomic data; Sun : activity; Sun : flares; ultraviolet : general ID B-LIKE IONS; BORON ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; ATOMIC DATA; RATE COEFFICIENTS; IRON PROJECT; XUV OBSERVATIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; COMPACT FLARE; CORONAL LINES AB New R-matrix calculations of electron impact excitation rates for transitions among the 2s(2) 2p, 2s2p(2) and 2p(3) levels of Ar xiv are presented. These data are subsequently used to derive the theoretical electron density diagnostic emission-line intensity ratios R-1 = I (187.95 Angstrom)/I (194.41 Angstrom) and R-2 = 1(257.40 Angstrom)/I(243.78 Angstrom) for a range of densities (N-e = 10(9)-10(13) cm(-3)) and electron temperatures (T-e = 10(6.3)-10(6.7) K) appropriate to solar transition region and coronal plasmas. A comparison of these diagnostics with observational data for solar active regions and flares, obtained with the Naval Research Laboratory's S082A spectrograph on board Skylab, reveals that the electron densities determined from R, are in good agreement with those estimated from line ratios in Fe XIV or Fe XV, which are formed at similar electron temperatures to Ar XIV. However, there are large discrepancies between densities inferred from the R2 ratio and those from Fe xiv or Fe XV, confirming that the Ar xiv 243.78- and 257.40-Angstrom lines are badly blended with Fe XV 243.79 Angstrom and Fe xiv 257.38 Angstrom, respectively. Hence, R-2 cannot be employed as a density diagnostic, in contrast to R-1, which does provide reliable N-e estimates. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keenan, FP (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RI Katsiyannis, Thanassis/L-8496-2013 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 346 IS 1 BP 58 EP 62 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07075.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 742TA UT WOS:000186533100009 ER PT J AU Ma, HZ Kim, WJ Horwitz, JS Kirchoefer, SW Levy, J AF Ma, HZ Kim, WJ Horwitz, JS Kirchoefer, SW Levy, J TI Lattice-scale domain wall dynamics in ferroelectrics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; SIDEWISE MOTION; TITANATE; BATIO3 AB Ferroelectric domain walls are atomically thin, and consequently their dynamics are sensitive to the periodic potential of the underlying lattice. Despite their central role in domain dynamics, lattice-scale effects have never been directly observed. We investigate local domain dynamics in thin film ferroelectrics using atomic-force microscopy. Upon combined dc and ac electric driving, fluctuations in the local piezoresponse are observed. Fourier analysis of the fluctuations reveals the presence of narrow band and broad band noise, and Barkhausen jumps. The narrow band noise is attributed to dynamics associated with lattice-scale pinning and is reproduced by a simple physical model. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Changwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chang Won 641773, South Korea. Dept Energy, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, 3941 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM jlevy@pitt.edu RI Kim, Yu Jin/A-2433-2012; Levy, Jeremy/A-2081-2009 OI Levy, Jeremy/0000-0002-5700-2977 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 21 AR 217601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.217601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 746QL UT WOS:000186757000054 PM 14683334 ER PT J AU Shrader, CR Titarchuk, L AF Shrader, CR Titarchuk, L TI A method for black hole mass determination in accretion-powered X-ray sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; galaxies : active; quasars : general; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; relativity ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATION; SEYFERT 1 GALAXIES; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HIGH-ENERGY SPECTRA; GRO J1655-40; INTRINSIC SIGNATURE; NEUTRON-STAR; WHITE-DWARF; BINARIES AB We describe a method for the determination of black hole masses based on information inferred from high-energy spectra. It is required that the spectral energy distribution consist of thermal and Comptonized components. One can then, in principle, infer the depth of the gravitational potential well for sources of known distance. The thermal component is inferred by the integration of a blackbody spectral form over the disk. We assume that the color temperature distribution in the disk has a specific shape given by the Shakura-Sunyaev disk model that goes to zero at the inner disk radius and at infinity and has a maximum at 4.2 R-S. In this formulation there is only one parameter, the so-called color correction factor, relating the apparent temperature to effective temperature, which characterizes the thermal emission component. We have made use of improved Galactic black hole binary dynamical mass determinations to derive, in effect, an empirical calibration of this factor. We then present our analysis of observational data for representative objects of several classes: Galactic black hole X-ray binaries, narrow-line Seyfert galaxies (NLS1s), and "ultraluminous" extragalactic X-ray sources (ULXs). We then apply our mass determination calculation and present our results. We argue that this approach can potentially fill a void in the current knowledge of NLS1 and ULX properties and discuss how a deeper understanding of both classes has relevance to the broader issues of how cosmic black holes, beyond the stellar-mass realm, are formed and what is their overall mass distribution. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Lanham, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Shrader, CR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 47 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2003 VL 598 IS 1 BP 168 EP 177 DI 10.1086/378801 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 745KW UT WOS:000186688700012 ER PT J AU Titarchuk, L Kazanas, D Becker, PA AF Titarchuk, L Kazanas, D Becker, PA TI Broad redshifted line as a signature of outflow SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal stars : neutron ID CONVERGING FLUID-FLOW; BLACK-HOLE ACCRETION; X-RAY REFLECTION; DYNAMICAL COMPTONIZATION; SPHERICAL FLOWS; FLUORESCENCE; SCATTERING; RADIATION; SPECTRA; DISKS AB We formulate and solve the diffusion problem of line photon propagation in a bulk outflow from a compact object ( black hole or neutron star) using a generic assumption regarding the distribution of line photons within the outflow. Thomson scattering of the line photons within the expanding flow leads to a decrease of their energy which is of first order in v/c, where v is the outflow velocity and c is the speed of light. We demonstrate that the emergent line pro. le is closely related to the time distribution of photons diffusing through the flow ( the light curve) and consists of a broad redshifted feature. We analyzed the line profiles for the general case of outflow density distribution. We emphasize that the redshifted lines are intrinsic properties of the powerful outflow that are supposed to be in many compact objects. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Titarchuk, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2003 VL 598 IS 1 BP 411 EP 418 DI 10.1086/378701 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 745KW UT WOS:000186688700033 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Lara, A Yashiro, S Howard, RA AF Gopalswamy, N Lara, A Yashiro, S Howard, RA TI Coronal mass ejections and solar polarity reversal SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : prominences ID HOLES; FIELD; CYCLE-23 AB We report on a close relationship between the solar polarity reversal and the cessation of high-latitude coronal mass ejections (CMEs). This result holds good for individual poles of the Sun for cycles 21 and 23, for which CME data are available. The high-latitude CMEs provide a natural explanation for the disappearance of the polar crown filaments (PCFs) that rush the poles. The PCFs, which are closed field structures, need to be removed before the poles could acquire open field structure of the opposite polarity. Inclusion of CMEs along with the photospheric and subphotospheric processes completes the full set of phenomena to be explained by any solar dynamo theory. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 NR 17 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2003 VL 598 IS 1 BP L63 EP L66 DI 10.1086/380430 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 745KX UT WOS:000186688800016 ER PT J AU Burleigh, MC Markowitz, MA Jayasundera, S Spector, MS Thomas, CW Gaber, BP AF Burleigh, MC Markowitz, MA Jayasundera, S Spector, MS Thomas, CW Gaber, BP TI Mechanical and hydrothermal stabilities of aged periodic mesoporous organosilicas SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-SIEVES; FUNCTIONALIZED MONOLAYERS; MCM-41; SILICA; IMPROVEMENT; COPOLYMER; TEMPLATES; TRIBLOCK; POROSITY; SALTS AB Methylene-, ethylene-, and phenylene-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) synthesized with nonionic alkylethylene oxide templates exhibited significantly better mechanical and hydrothermal stabilities than periodic mesoporous silica. Synthesis of PMOs utilized the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation of bis(triethoxysilyl) precursors around supramolecular polyoxyethylene(10) stearyl ether (Brij 76) templates. Nitrogen gas sorption, thermogravimetry, and X-ray diffraction have been used to characterize the effects of aging, mechanical compression, and hydrothermal treatment on these materials. Both as-synthesized composites containing surfactant templates and extracted PMOs showed no degradation after 10 months. The enhanced stability of these nanoporous organosilicas relative to meoporous silica makes them potential candidates for use in advanced catalysis and adsorption applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 116 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 20 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 46 BP 12628 EP 12634 DI 10.1021/jp035189q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 743MA UT WOS:000186574500014 ER PT J AU Kennedy, TA Colton, JS Butler, JE Linares, RC Doering, PJ AF Kennedy, TA Colton, JS Butler, JE Linares, RC Doering, PJ TI Long coherence times at 300 K for nitrogen-vacancy center spins in diamond grown by chemical vapor deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID N-V CENTERS; DEFECT CENTER; SINGLE; SPECTROSCOPY; RELAXATION; DYNAMICS; STATES AB Electron-spin-echo experiments reveal phase-memory times as long as 58 mus at 300 K for nitrogen-vacancy centers in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) single crystals. The spins were optically polarized and optically detected. Two high-quality CVD samples were studied. From the current results, it is not clear whether these phase-memory times represent a fundamental limit or are limited by an external source of decoherence. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Apollo Diamond, Sherborn, MA 01770 USA. RP Kennedy, TA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 18 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 17 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 20 BP 4190 EP 4192 DI 10.1063/1.1626791 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 742NF UT WOS:000186523400037 ER PT J AU Wojtowicz, T Lim, WL Liu, X Dobrowolska, M Furdyna, JK Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Wojtowicz, T Lim, WL Liu, X Dobrowolska, M Furdyna, JK Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Enhancement of Curie temperature in Ga1-xMnxAs/Ga1-yAlyAs ferromagnetic heterostructures by Be modulation doping SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS AB The effect of modulation doping by Be on the ferromagnetic properties of Ga1-xMnxAs is investigated in Ga1-xMnxAs/Ga1-yAlyAs heterojunctions and quantum wells. Introducing Be acceptors into the Ga1-yAlyAs barriers leads to an increase of the Curie temperature T-C of Ga1-xMnxAs, from 70 K in undoped structures to over 100 K with the modulation doping. This increase is qualitatively consistent with a multiband mean field theory simulation of carrier-mediated ferromagnetism. An important feature is that the increase of T-C occurs only in those structures where the modulation doping is introduced after the deposition of the magnetic layer, but not when the Be-doped layer is grown first. This behavior is expected from the strong sensitivity of Mn interstitial formation to the value of the Fermi energy during growth. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Elect Mat Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM wojto@ifpan.edu.pl RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; NR 12 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 17 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 20 BP 4220 EP 4222 DI 10.1063/1.1628815 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 742NF UT WOS:000186523400047 ER PT J AU Bryant, PC Carr, ME Martin, EJ Sutton, JF AF Bryant, PC Carr, ME Martin, EJ Sutton, JF TI High dose recombinant activated factor VII in a pediatric patient with factor VIII deficiency and high titer inhibitor. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Pediat Hematol Oncol, Portsmouth, VA USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Internal Med, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2003 VL 102 IS 11 MA 4128 BP 104B EP 105B PN 2 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 742UU UT WOS:000186537100419 ER PT J AU Sutton, JF Bryant, PC AF Sutton, JF Bryant, PC TI Candida parapsilosis cerebritis in acute lymphobalstic leukemia successfully treated with caspofungin and high dose fluconazole SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2003 VL 102 IS 11 MA 4750 BP 256B EP 256B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 742UU UT WOS:000186537101041 ER PT J AU Petry, FE Cobb, MA Wen, LX Yang, HQ AF Petry, FE Cobb, MA Wen, LX Yang, HQ TI Design of system for managing fuzzy relationships for integration of spatial data in querying SO FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE fuzzy spatial relationships; fuzzy clips; GIS; spatial databases ID INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; DATABASES; INTERFACE; FRAMEWORK; QUERIES AB In this paper we present the design of two essential components for the spatial querying system we have been developing. The overall system architecture utilizes multiple levels of agents to process external sources of spatial data. Upon a user query, agents are spawned to mine various web sources, integrate the spatial data and return the correctly formulated query result to the user. Here we specifically describe a rule-based component for processing spatial relationships that is used both for the active agents and at the user interface to provide a dynamic query response. We also describe the database that is being used to maintain the spatial relationships uncovered in the query. The design and implementation of the two major components, the expert system using the expert system shell Fuzzy clips and the database in a C + +, Oracle database environment, are described in some detail. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Comp Sci & Stat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Petry, FE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM fpetry@eecs.tulane.edu; maria.cobb@usm.edu; lwen@eecs.tulane.edu; heleny@usca.edu RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0114 J9 FUZZY SET SYST JI Fuzzy Sets Syst. PD NOV 16 PY 2003 VL 140 IS 1 BP 51 EP 73 DI 10.1016/S0165-0114(03)00027-7 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 736JA UT WOS:000186166600004 ER PT J AU Moldenhauer, ET AF Moldenhauer, ET TI Proton-pump inhibitors in a Navy hospital after a formulary change SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Letter C1 Naval Hosp, Dept Pharm, Twentynine Palms, CA USA. RP Moldenhauer, ET (reprint author), Naval Hlth Care New England Groton, Dept Pharm, POB 600, Groton, CT 06349 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 60 IS 22 BP 2367 EP 2367 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 746VY UT WOS:000186769400018 PM 14652989 ER PT J AU Yin, HZ Huang, R Hobart, KD Liang, J Suo, Z Shieh, SR Duffy, TS Kub, FJ Sturm, JC AF Yin, HZ Huang, R Hobart, KD Liang, J Suo, Z Shieh, SR Duffy, TS Kub, FJ Sturm, JC TI Buckling suppression of SiGe islands on compliant substrates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRAIN; RELAXATION AB A cap layer was used to suppress buckling during the relaxation of compressively strained 30 nm Si0.7Ge0.3 islands on borophosphorosilicate glass. The lateral expansion and buckling of a bilayer structure made of SiGe and a cap layer were studied by both modeling and experiment. Both epitaxial silicon and amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2) caps were investigated. Caps stiffen the islands to reduce buckling and accelerate the lateral relaxation, so that larger, flat, relaxed SiGe islands can be achieved. Using a 31 nm silicon cap, flat Si0.7Ge0.3 islands up to 200 mumx200mum were achieved. However, germanium diffusion in the SiGe/Si structure took place during relaxation anneals and lowered the germanium fraction of the final fully relaxed SiGe film. Silicon dioxide caps, which are not prone to germanium diffusion, allowed suppression of SiGe buckling without lowering the germanium percentage. Full relaxation of SiGe islands was achieved by a controlled multicycle silicon dioxide removal and anneal procedure. Large, fully relaxed, smooth SiGe islands obtained using cap layers indicate that this approach could be of potential use for electronic device applications. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Ctr Photon & Optoelect Mat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Yin, HZ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Suo, Zhigang/B-1067-2008; Huang, Rui/B-1627-2008; Duffy, Thomas/C-9140-2017 OI Suo, Zhigang/0000-0002-4068-4844; Huang, Rui/0000-0003-0328-3862; Duffy, Thomas/0000-0002-5357-1259 NR 12 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 10 BP 6875 EP 6882 DI 10.1063/1.1621069 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 738FT UT WOS:000186276600100 ER PT J AU Patkowski, A Paluch, M Gapinski, J AF Patkowski, A Paluch, M Gapinski, J TI Relationship between T-0, T-g and their pressure dependence for supercooled liquids SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Letter ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; ORTHO-TERPHENYL; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; FORMING LIQUIDS; FRAGILITY; FORMERS AB We show that simple expressions can be derived from the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) law relating the glass transition temperature T-g, the VFT temperature T-0, their pressure derivatives, the steepness index of the 'Angell plot' and the strength parameter D of the VFT equation, in good agreement with experimental data. In the same way one can describe the dependence of the dT(g)/dP on the relaxation time tau(g) chosen to define the temperature T-g. Thus, this procedure allows a consistent rescaling and comparison of pressure dependent parameters obtained from different experiments and simulations. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Inst Phys, Mol Biophys Div, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Inst Phys, Mol Biophys Div, Umultowska 85, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland. EM patkowsk@amu.edu.pl NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 330 IS 1-3 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.09.002 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 743LE UT WOS:000186572600029 ER PT J AU Lagugne-Labarthet, F Yu, T Barger, WR Shenoy, DK Dalcanale, E Shen, YR AF Lagugne-Labarthet, F Yu, T Barger, WR Shenoy, DK Dalcanale, E Shen, YR TI Orientation of cavitands at air/water and air/solid interfaces studied by second harmonic generation SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-FOLDING CAVITANDS; DIMENSIONS; MONOLAYERS AB Surface second harmonic generation (SHG) was used to probe orientation of cavitand molecules deposited on water as Langmuir films and on fused silica substrates either bare or functionalized with a surfactant. Measurements performed during compression of the Langmuir films reveal that while the surface density may vary, molecules always appear more or less oriented with their long axis perpendicular to the water surface. Phase measurements indicate that the vase-like heads of the molecules cover the water for Langmuir films, but face the air for monolayers spread on surfactant-coated substrates. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Parma, Dipartimento Chim Organ & Ind, I-43100 Parma, Italy. INSTM, UdR Parma, I-43100 Parma, Italy. RP Shen, YR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 366 Leconte Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Dalcanale, Enrico/A-6352-2012; OI Dalcanale, Enrico/0000-0001-6964-788X NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 381 IS 3-4 BP 322 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.09.090 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 743XE UT WOS:000186598200010 ER PT J AU Erwin, SC AF Erwin, SC TI Self-doping of gold chains on silicon: A new structural model for Si(111)-(5x2)-Au SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED 5X2 RECONSTRUCTION; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; VICINAL SI(111); SURFACE; PHOTOEMISSION; DIFFRACTION; MICROSCOPY AB A new structural model for the Si(111)-(5x2)-Au reconstruction is proposed and analyzed using first-principles calculations. The basic model consists of a "double honeycomb chain" decorated by Si adatoms. The 5x1 periodicity of the honeycomb chains is doubled by the presence of a half-occupied row of Si atoms that partially rebonds the chains. Additional adatoms supply electrons that dope the parent band structure and stabilize the period doubling; the optimal doping corresponds to one adatom per four 5x2 cells, in agreement with experiment. All the main features observed in scanning tunneling microscopy and photoemission are well reproduced. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009 NR 28 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 20 AR 206101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.206101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 743LB UT WOS:000186572300031 PM 14683377 ER PT J AU Wang, GH Su, JL Chu, PC AF Wang, GH Su, JL Chu, PC TI Mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea observed with altimeter data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOPEX/POSEIDON ALTIMETRY; NORTH PACIFIC; CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; WATERS AB [1] A composite time series ( 1993 - 2000) of sea surface height anomaly from several satellites is used to identify eddies in the South China Sea ( SCS). The eddy lifetime, radius, strength, and straight- line travel distance are estimated. Altogether 58 anticyclonic eddies and 28 cyclonic eddies are identified for this period. They are grouped into four geographical zones according to known eddy generation mechanisms, and their statistics are discussed accordingly. Our geographical classification is a useful first step in gaining an overview of their generation. C1 Second Inst Oceanog, SOA, Lab Ocean Dynam Proc & Satellite Oceanog, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, GH (reprint author), Second Inst Oceanog, SOA, Lab Ocean Dynam Proc & Satellite Oceanog, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. NR 17 TC 160 Z9 196 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 13 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 21 AR 2121 DI 10.1029/2003GL018532 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 744UT UT WOS:000186651800003 ER PT J AU Drob, DP Picone, JM Garces, M AF Drob, DP Picone, JM Garces, M TI Global morphology of infrasound propagation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE infrasound; acoustic propagation; atmospheric models ID UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; STRATIFIED ATMOSPHERE; SOUND-PROPAGATION; SPACE-SHUTTLE; TRAVEL-TIMES; WAVES; MODEL; THERMOSPHERE; PRECURSORS; EQUATIONS AB [1] Atmospheric sound waves in the 0.02 - 10 Hz region, also known as infrasound, exhibit long-range global propagation characteristics. Measurable infrasound is produced around the globe on a daily basis by a variety of natural and man-made sources. As a result of weak classical attenuation (similar to0.01 dB km(-1) at 0.1 hz), these acoustic signals can propagate thousands of kilometers in tropospheric, stratospheric, and lower thermospheric ducts. To model this propagation accurately, detailed knowledge of the background atmospheric state variables, the global winds and temperature fields from the ground to similar to 170 km, is required. For infrasound propagation calculations, we have developed a unique atmospheric specification system (G2S) that is capable of providing this information. Using acoustic ray tracing methods and detailed G2S atmospheric specifications, we investigate the major aspects of the spatiotemporal variability of infrasound propagation characteristics. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Hawaii, Infrasound Lab, Kailua, HI 96745 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM douglas.drob@nrl.navy.mil; picone@nrl.navy.mil; milton@hialoha.net RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 NR 44 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 13 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D21 AR 4680 DI 10.1029/2002JD003307 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 744VE UT WOS:000186652900003 ER PT J AU Puleo, JA Holland, KT Plant, NG Slinn, DN Hanes, DM AF Puleo, JA Holland, KT Plant, NG Slinn, DN Hanes, DM TI Fluid acceleration effects on suspended sediment transport in the swash zone SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE uprush; swash zone bore; turbulence; pressure gradient ID SANDBAR MIGRATION; NATURAL BEACH; RUN-UP; SUSPENSION; BORE; TURBULENCE; CLIMB; MODEL; SURF AB [1] Suspended sediment concentrations and fluid velocities measured in the swash zone of a high- energy steep beach were used to investigate the importance of fluid accelerations to suspended sediment transport. Swash flow acceleration was nearly constant at about one- half downslope gravitational acceleration with two important exceptions. We observed strong, short- lived periods of accelerating uprush at the beginning of the swash cycle and decelerating backwash at the end of the swash cycle ( magnitudes of both approximately twice that of the expected downslope gravitational acceleration). Interestingly, spikes in suspended load followed the anomalies in acceleration in a way that was not apparent from the nearly symmetric ( in magnitude) ensemble averaged velocity time series. Suspended load values were largest during accelerating uprush associated with the shoreward propagating turbulent bore or swash front. During backwash, suspended loads were generally not as large. Correspondingly, suspended sediment transport rates obtained from the sediment concentration and velocity measurements showed best comparisons with a modified sediment transport model that includes a physical mechanism for enhancing transport rates due to flow acceleration. The modified sediment transport model reduced the overall root- mean square prediction error by up to 35% and shifted the predicted peak in uprush sediment transport rate earlier in the swash cycle, resulting in a better fit to the observations. These findings suggest that the inclusion of the acceleration term may account for physical mechanisms that include bore turbulence and horizontal pressure gradients typically associated with the accelerating portion of uprush. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Florida, Civil & Coastal Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Puleo, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 74403, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jpuleo@nrlssc.navy.mil; tholland@nrlssc.navy.mil; nplant@nrlssc.navy.mil; slinn@coastal.ufl.edu; dhanes@usgs.gov RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011; OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097; Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 NR 38 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 13 PY 2003 VL 108 IS C11 AR 3350 DI 10.1029/2003JC001943 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 744WK UT WOS:000186655700003 ER PT J AU Greiner, J Klose, S Reinsch, K Schmid, HM Sari, R Hartmann, DH Kouveliotou, C Rau, A Palazzi, E Straubmeier, C Stecklum, B Zharikov, S Tovmassian, G Barnbantner, O Ries, C Jehin, E Henden, A Kaas, AA Grav, T Hjorth, J Pedersen, H Wijers, RAMJ Kaufer, A Park, HS Williams, G Reimer, O AF Greiner, J Klose, S Reinsch, K Schmid, HM Sari, R Hartmann, DH Kouveliotou, C Rau, A Palazzi, E Straubmeier, C Stecklum, B Zharikov, S Tovmassian, G Barnbantner, O Ries, C Jehin, E Henden, A Kaas, AA Grav, T Hjorth, J Pedersen, H Wijers, RAMJ Kaufer, A Park, HS Williams, G Reimer, O TI Evolution of the polarization of the optical afterglow of the gamma-ray burst GRB030329 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID 29 MARCH 2003; GRB 990510; SPECTROPOLARIMETRY; GRB-020405; GRB-030329; EMISSION AB The association of a supernova with GRB030329(1,2) strongly supports the 'collapsar' model(3) of gamma-ray bursts, where a relativistic jet(4) forms after the progenitor star collapses. Such jets cannot be spatially resolved because gamma-ray bursts lie at cosmological distances; their existence is instead inferred from 'breaks' in the light curves of the afterglows, and from the theoretical desire to reduce the estimated total energy of the burst by proposing that most of it comes out in narrow beams. Temporal evolution of the polarization of the afterglows(5-7) may provide independent evidence for the jet structure of the relativistic outflow. Small-level polarization (similar to1-3 per cent)(8-17) has been reported for a few bursts, but its temporal evolution has yet to be established. Here we report polarimetric observations of the afterglow of GRB030329. We establish the polarization light curve, detect sustained polarization at the per cent level, and find significant variability. The data imply that the afterglow magnetic field has a small coherence length and is mostly random, probably generated by turbulence, in contrast with the picture arising from the high polarization detected in the prompt gamma-rays from GRB021206 (ref. 18). C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. Univ Sternwarte Gottingen, D-37083 Gottingen, Germany. ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Sez Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Univ Cologne, Inst Phys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. Univ Sternwarte, Wendelstein Observ, D-81679 Munich, Germany. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Nord Opt Telescope, Santa Cruz De La Palma 38700, Spain. Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Copenhagen, NBIfAFG, Astron Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Arizona, Multiple Mirror Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Greiner, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. EM jcg@mpe.mpg.de RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Hjorth, Jens/M-5787-2014; Palazzi, Eliana/N-4746-2015; OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Hjorth, Jens/0000-0002-4571-2306; Wijers, Ralph/0000-0002-3101-1808; Palazzi, Eliana/0000-0002-8691-7666 NR 28 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 13 PY 2003 VL 426 IS 6963 BP 157 EP 159 DI 10.1038/nature02077 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 742LA UT WOS:000186517200036 PM 14614499 ER PT J AU Klein, PB Binari, SC AF Klein, PB Binari, SC TI Photoionization spectroscopy of deep defects responsible for current collapse in nitride-based field effect transistors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Review ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; N-TYPE GAN; PERSISTENT PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; YELLOW LUMINESCENCE; GROWTH-CONDITIONS; DOPED GAN; CARBON; TRAPS; BIAS AB This review is concerned with the characterization and identification of the deep centres that cause current collapse in nitride-based field effect transistors. Photoionization spectroscopy is an optical technique that has been developed to probe the characteristics of these defects. Measured spectral dependences provide information on trap depth, lattice coupling and on the location of the defects in the device structure. The spectrum of an individual trap may also be regarded as a 'fingerprint' of the defect, allowing the trap to be followed in response to the variation of external parameters. The basis for these measurements is derived through a modelling procedure that accounts quantitatively for the light-induced drain current increase in the collapsed device. Applying the model to fit the measured variation of drain current increase with light illumination provides an estimate of the concentrations and photoionization cross-sections of the deep defects. The results of photoionization studies of GaN metal-semiconductor field effect transistors and AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) are presented and the conclusions regarding the nature of the deep traps responsible are discussed. Finally, recent photoionization studies of current collapse induced by short-term (several hours) bias stress in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are described and analysed for devices grown by both MOCVD and molecular beam epitaxy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 56 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 12 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 44 BP R1641 EP R1667 AR PII S0953-8984(03)58996-2 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/44/R01 PG 27 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 754BB UT WOS:000187281900006 ER PT J AU Krawczynski, H Harris, DE Grossman, R Lane, W Kassim, N Willis, AG AF Krawczynski, H Harris, DE Grossman, R Lane, W Kassim, N Willis, AG TI Thermal and non-thermal plasmas in the galaxy cluster 3C 129 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : clusters : individual : 3C 129; galaxies : jets; radio continuum : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies; clusters ID TAILED RADIO-SOURCES; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY; 3C 129; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; CHANDRA; EMISSION; GAS; GHZ AB We describe new Chandra spectroscopy data of the cluster which harbours the prototypical 'head-tail' radio galaxy 3C 129 and the weaker radio galaxy 3C 129.1. We combined the Chandra data with Very Large Array (VLA) radio data taken at 0.33, 5 and 8 GHz (archival data) and 1.4 GHz (new data). We also obtained new H I observations at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAG) to measure the neutral hydrogen column density in the direction of the cluster with arcmin angular resolution. The Chandra observation reveals extended X-ray emission from the radio galaxy 3C 129.1 with a total luminosity of 1.5x10(41) erg s(-1). The X-ray excess is resolved into an extended central source of similar or equal to2 arcsec (1 kpc) diameter and several point sources with individual luminosities up to 2.1x10(40) erg s(-1). There is no evidence for a correlation between the 3C 129.1 X-ray and radio morphology. In the case of the radio galaxy 3C 129, the Chandra observation shows, in addition to core and jet X-ray emission reported in an earlier paper, some evidence for extended, diffuse X-ray emission from a region east of the radio core. The 12 x 36 arcsec2 (6 kpc x 17 kpc) region lies 'in front' of the radio core, in the same direction into which the radio galaxy is moving. We use the radio and X-ray data to study in detail the pressure balance between the non-thermal radio plasma and the thermal intracluster medium (ICM) along the tail of 3C 129 which extends over 15 arcmin (427 kpc). Depending on the assumed lower energy cut-off of the electron energy spectrum, the minimum pressure of the radio plasma lies a factor of between 10 and 40 below the ICM pressure for a large part of the tail. We discuss several possibilities to explain the apparent pressure mismatch. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Dominion Radio Astrophys Observ, Penticton, BC V2A 6K3, Canada. RP Krawczynski, H (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, 1 Brookings Dr,Campus Box 1105, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 11 PY 2003 VL 345 IS 4 BP 1255 EP 1265 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07041.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 743HG UT WOS:000186565900016 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Kuno, M Feng, CR Rath, BB Yousuf, M AF Qadri, SB Kuno, M Feng, CR Rath, BB Yousuf, M TI High temperature structural studies of HgS and HgSe quantum dots SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CDS NANOPARTICLES; THERMAL-EXPANSION; NANOCRYSTALS; TRANSFORMATION; PHASE AB We report the structural investigations of beta-HgS and HgSe quantum dots as a function of temperature between 300 and 600 K using x-ray diffraction. For both the chalcogenides, the zinc-blende structure remains stable up to 600 K without undergoing any phase transformation. The crystallite size increases as a function of temperature. However, for nanocrystallite similar to5.0 nm, lattice parameters show reduction in comparison to their bulk values. With increase in temperature, the lattice parameter increases and approaches the equilibrium value as the crystallite sizes grow to more than 10.0 nm. We attribute the temperature induced increase in crystallite size primarily to normal grain growth, a phenomenon observed in crystalline solids when the crystallite size undergoes gradual increase as function of time at elevated temperatures with accompanying recrystallization of new crystallite nuclei, and we rule out the possibility of size-dependent melting. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Kuno, Masaru/K-2673-2012 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 10 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 19 BP 4011 EP 4013 DI 10.1063/1.1625433 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 739RP UT WOS:000186360500053 ER PT J AU Novak, JP Snow, ES Houser, EJ Park, D Stepnowski, JL McGill, RA AF Novak, JP Snow, ES Houser, EJ Park, D Stepnowski, JL McGill, RA TI Nerve agent detection using networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC-WAVE SENSORS; RECOGNITION; ADSORPTION; SORPTION; ARRAYS AB We report the use of carbon nanotubes as a sensor for chemical nerve agents. Thin-film transistors constructed from random networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes were used to detect dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a simulant for the nerve agent sarin. These sensors are reversible and capable of detecting DMMP at sub-ppb concentration levels, and they are intrinsically selective against interferent signals from hydrocarbon vapors and humidity. We provide additional chemical specificity by the use of filters coated with chemoselective polymer films. These results indicate that the electronic detection of sub-ppb concentrations of nerve agents and potentially other chemical warfare agents is possible with simple-to-fabricate carbon nanotube devices. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Novak, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 285 Z9 288 U1 11 U2 88 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 10 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 19 BP 4026 EP 4028 DI 10.1063/1.1626265 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 739RP UT WOS:000186360500058 ER PT J AU Ciaravella, A Raymond, JC van Ballegooijen, A Strachan, L Vourlidas, A Li, J Chen, J Panasyuk, A AF Ciaravella, A Raymond, JC van Ballegooijen, A Strachan, L Vourlidas, A Li, J Chen, J Panasyuk, A TI Physical parameters of the 2000 February 11 coronal mass ejection: Ultraviolet spectra versus white-light images SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : UV radiation ID MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPE; X-RAY TELESCOPE; SOLAR CORONA; SOHO; SPECTROMETER; LASCO; PROMINENCES; TRANSIENTS; GEOMETRY; EIT AB We present spectra of a three-part coronal mass ejection (CME) observed by the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer aboard SOHO on 2000 February 11. Images of the CME in different spectral lines show how the morphology depends on the temperature, density, and outflow speed of the ejected plasma. The H I Lyalpha is the line that best resembles the white-light data, although it can be rather different where the outflow speed severely dims its radiative component. We estimate the ranges of temperature and density in the front, prominence core, and void. We also estimate the outflow speed that is the true speed of the ejecta as obtained from the Doppler dimming technique, its component projected on the plane of the sky, and the line-of-sight speed for the three components of the CME. The plasma in the front was denser, cooler, and more depleted in O and Si than the ambient coronal streamer. These characteristics indicate that it originated in the closed field core of the pre-CME streamer. The leading edge was not the projection of a simple spherical shell onto the plane of the sky. The line profiles suggest a wide looplike structure, although a more complete shell that was brighter in some areas could also match the data. The prominence has a structure in temperature and density with the hotter top end emitting in the Mg x and Si XII lines while the bottom end was much cooler and visible only in the H I Lyman lines. Emission in the void was rather faint. The outflow speed obtained from Doppler dimming of the radiative lines, the line-of-sight speed measured from the Doppler shift of the lines, and the plane-of-the-sky speed estimated from the comparison of the images taken at 2.3 and 2.6 R-circle dot give speeds much lower than those estimated at greater heights (>4 R-circle dot) from LASCO and indicate a stronger acceleration at lower heights. C1 Osservatorio Astron GS Vaiana, INAF, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Ciaravella, A (reprint author), Osservatorio Astron GS Vaiana, INAF, Piazza Parlamento 1, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 53 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2003 VL 597 IS 2 BP 1118 EP 1134 DI 10.1086/381220 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 740ZG UT WOS:000186432700043 ER PT J AU Melsom, A Metzger, EJ Hurlburt, HE AF Melsom, A Metzger, EJ Hurlburt, HE TI Impact of remote oceanic forcing on Gulf of Alaska sea levels and mesoscale circulation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE oceanic teleconnections; remote forcing; interannual variability ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; EL-NINO; WEST-COAST; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ALTIMETRY DATA; KELVIN WAVE; AMERICA; EDDY; ANOMALIES; MODEL AB [1] We examine the relative importance of regional wind forcing and teleconnections by an oceanic pathway for impact on interannual ocean circulation variability in the Gulf of Alaska. Any additional factors that contribute to this variability, such as freshwater forcing from river runoff, are disregarded. The study is based on results from numerical simulations, sea level data from tide gauge stations, and sea surface height anomalies from satellite altimeter data. At the heart of this investigation is a comparison of ocean simulations that include and exclude interannual oceanic teleconnections of an equatorial origin. Using lagged correlations, the model results imply that 70-90% of the interannual coastal sea level variance in the Gulf of Alaska can be related to interannual sea levels at La Libertad, Equador. These values are higher than the corresponding range from sea level data, which is 25-55%. When oceanic teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific are excluded in the model, the explained variance becomes about 20% or less. During poleward propagation the coastally trapped sea level signal in the model is less attenuated than the observed signal. In the Gulf of Alaska we find well-defined sea level peaks in the aftermath of El Nino events. The interannual intensity of eddies in the Gulf of Alaska also peaks after El Nino events; however, these maxima are less clear after weak and moderate El Nino events. The interannual variations in eddy activity intensity are predominantly governed by the regional atmospheric forcing. C1 Norwegian Meteorol Inst, NO-0313 Oslo, Norway. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Melsom, A (reprint author), Norwegian Meteorol Inst, POB 43 Blindern, NO-0313 Oslo, Norway. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 8 PY 2003 VL 108 IS C11 AR 3346 DI 10.1029/2002JC001742 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 742GU UT WOS:000186509700003 ER PT J AU von Engeln, A Nedoluha, G Teixeira, J AF von Engeln, A Nedoluha, G Teixeira, J TI An analysis of the frequency and distribution of ducting events in simulated radio occultation measurements based on ECMWF fields SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE radio occultation; duct; PBL ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; WATER-VAPOR; CLOUDS; SENSITIVITY; VALIDATION; SCHEME AB [1] A study of the occurrence of ducts valid at GPS frequencies in the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric fields is presented. A radio occultation simulator has been applied to determine the mean location of the occultations for a 10 day period in May 2001. In total, 5348 occultations were found. Refractivity profiles have been calculated at the mean occultation location by extracting temperature and water vapor profiles from ECMWF data. The gradient of refractivity with respect to altitude was analyzed for ducting conditions, which occurs below about -160 km(-1). About 10% of the simulated measurement profiles show ducts. Polar ducting events are mainly occurring over land, very close to the surface. Midlatitude ducting events are almost evenly distributed over land and sea, where land events are close to the surface too. Tropical ducting events are mainly located over the sea. Events over the sea show ducts within a vertical altitude interval of 0-2.5 km. Tropical events tend to occur at higher altitudes than midlatitudes ones do. The thickness of the layer over which ducting conditions occur increases with altitude and reaches about 120 m for higher altitudes. Near-surface ducting events show the lowest refractivity gradients. Higher up in the atmosphere the gradient increases, where tropical events are generally lower. The found gradient does not support ducting conditions above about 2.5 km. On the basis of our study, about 4% of all occultations can be affected by ducts in the altitude range of 0.2-2.5 km. The number of affected occultations depends on the latitude band; none are found at polar latitudes, 2% are at midlatitudes, and about 10% are at tropical locations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP von Engeln, A (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Otto Hahn Allee, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM engeln@unibremen.de; nedoluha@nrl.navy.mil; teixeira.ucar.pt@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 7 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D21 AR 4669 DI 10.1029/2002JD003170 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 742GF UT WOS:000186508500001 ER PT J AU Chan, TC Jiang, J Temenak, JJ Richards, AL AF Chan, TC Jiang, J Temenak, JJ Richards, AL TI Development of a rapid method for determining the infectious dose (ID)(50) of Orientia tsutsugamushi in a scrub typhus mouse model for the evaluation of vaccine candidates SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE scrub typhus; Orientia tsutsugumushi; infectious dose ID RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; HOST DEFENSES; DISEASES; THAILAND AB The infectious dose (ID) of an inoculum for which 50% of susceptible mice will become infected (ID50) with Orientia tsutsugamushi is usually determined by rechallenging mice that have already been challenged with O. tsutsugamushi to determine the lethal dose (LD)(50) titer of the inoculum. Those mice not killed by the initial challenge and which survived a rechallenge with 1000 LD50 were considered immune and to have been initially infected with O. tsutsugamushi. Mice that succumbed to the rechallenge were considered not to have been initially infected. We have developed a more rapid method of determining the ID50 of inocula for use in our vaccine studies based upon the observation that mice surviving initial challenge and that go on to survive rechallenge produced detectable IgG to O. tsutsugamushi antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mice that did not survive rechallenge, and therefore did not receive an initial infectious inoculum did not produce detectable IgG to O. tsutsugamushi antigens. Both original LD50 and ID50 titers determinations require observation of mice for 21 days post-challenge. Our new ID50 determination does not require mice or the additional 21-day observation period for rechallenge and therefore is more rapid and cost-effective than the previous standard method of determining ID50 titer necessary for the evaluation of vaccine candidates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Rickettsial Dis Dept, IDD, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. US FDA, Bacterial Vaccines & Allergen Prod Branch, Div Vaccines & Related Prod Applicat, OVRR,CBER, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Richards, AL (reprint author), USN, Rickettsial Dis Dept, IDD, Med Res Ctr, 3A-9,503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 7 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 31 BP 4550 EP 4554 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00505-X PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 747XG UT WOS:000186830900009 PM 14575767 ER PT J AU Minshull, TA Bruguier, NJ Brozena, JM AF Minshull, TA Bruguier, NJ Brozena, JM TI Seismic structure of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 8-9 degrees S SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE mid-ocean ridge; South Atlantic; crustal structure; morphology; seismic velocity ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; SOUTHWEST INDIAN RIDGE; SLOW-SPREADING RIDGES; DE-FUCA RIDGE; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; OCEANIC-CRUST; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; FRACTURE-ZONE; GRAVITY-ANOMALIES; ASCENSION ISLAND AB [1] The Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 8-9degreesS is characterized by a transition from axial valley to axial high and recent episodes of ridge jumping and ridge propagation. We present constraints on the structure of 0-4 Ma crust in this region on the basis of the analysis of wide-angle seismic data from a grid of profiles across and parallel to the current and abandoned spreading centers. A 350-800 m thick oceanic layer 2A, interpreted as high-porosity extrusive basalts, is underlain by a similar to2.0-2.5 km layer 2B with velocities which increase with age and decrease in the vicinity of the pseudofaults. Layer 3 velocities are uniform across the area except for a possible localized anomaly at the ridge axis. The crustal thickness varies from 6 - 7 km near the pseudofaults formed by ridge propagation to 9-10 km at the segment center of the recently (similar to0.3 Ma) abandoned spreading center. Seismically determined crustal thickness and density variations and age- related lithospheric cooling can plausibly account for all observed variations in gravity across the area, and there is no requirement for the thicker crust at the segment center to be underlain by hot mantle. The transition from axial valley to axial high occurs at a crustal thickness of similar to8 km. C1 Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. Univ Cambridge Pembroke Coll, Cambridge CB2 1RF, England. USN, Marine Geosci Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Minshull, TA (reprint author), Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM tmin@soc.soton.ac.uk; john@qur.nrl.navy.mil RI Minshull, Timothy/D-1147-2010 OI Minshull, Timothy/0000-0002-8202-1379 NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 6 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B11 AR 2513 DI 10.1029/2002JB002360 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 742HH UT WOS:000186511000002 ER PT J AU Naciri, J Srinivasan, A Jeon, H Nikolov, N Keller, P Ratna, BR AF Naciri, J Srinivasan, A Jeon, H Nikolov, N Keller, P Ratna, BR TI Nematic elastomer fiber actuator SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE ELASTOMERS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING EXPERIMENTS; MAIN-CHAIN; POLYMERS; MUSCLE; POLYSILOXANES; CONFORMATION; ANISOTROPY; NETWORKS AB We report the synthesis and physical studies of a liquid crystalline elastomer fiber consisting of two side-chain liquid crystalline acrylates and a nonmesogennic comonomer side group that acts as a reactive site for cross-linking. The terpolymer was synthesized by radical polymerization, and the cross-linking of the network was achieved by using a diisocyanate unit. The fiber formed shows good liquid crystal alignment texture under a cross-polarizer microscope. Thermoelastic response shows strain changes through the nematic-isotropic phase transition of about 30-35%. A retractive force of nearly 300 kPa was measured in the isotropic phase. Static work loop studies show the viscoelastic losses in these materials to be very small. We also present preliminary studies on the effect of doping carbon nanotubes on the induced strain at the nematic-isotropic transition. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inst Curie, Sect Rec, Lab Phys Chim Curie, CNRS,UMR 168, F-75231 Paris 05, France. RP Naciri, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6950, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jnaciri@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 119 Z9 120 U1 6 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 4 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 22 BP 8499 EP 8505 DI 10.1021/ma034921g PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 738UM UT WOS:000186306300043 ER PT J AU Keskinen, MJ Basu, S AF Keskinen, MJ Basu, S TI Thermal self-focusing instability in the high-latitude ionosphere SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ionospheric modification; thermal self-focusing; irregularities ID POWER HF WAVES; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; DENSITY IRREGULARITIES; PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITY; FIELD; SCINTILLATIONS; FILAMENTATION; STRIATIONS; EXCITATION; PLASMAS AB [1] A model for the linear theory of the overdense thermal self-focusing instability, as generated by high power radio waves, in the high-latitude F-region ionosphere is developed. We treat self-focusing-driven irregularities with scale sizes, perpendicular to the geomagnetic field, on the order of a kilometer and smaller. We find that E-region coupling leads to nonambipolar perpendicular diffusive effects. The conducting E-region is shown to increase the threshold for the thermal self-focusing instability. Growth rates of the thermal self-focusing instability are computed, including E-region conductivity effects, for a range of radio wave amplitudes. C1 USN, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Keskinen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD NOV 4 PY 2003 VL 38 IS 6 AR 1095 DI 10.1029/2003RS002906 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 742HZ UT WOS:000186512500003 ER PT J AU Kim, H Horwitz, JS Kim, WH Qadri, SB Kafafi, ZH AF Kim, H Horwitz, JS Kim, WH Qadri, SB Kafafi, ZH TI Anode material based on Zr-doped ZnO thin films for organic light-emitting diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDIUM-TIN-OXIDE; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; DEVICES; EFFICIENCY; PERFORMANCE; INTERFACES; INJECTION AB Zr-doped ZnO (ZZO) thin films have been investigated as an anode material, a potential alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO), for organic light emitting diode (OLED) devices. ZZO films have been deposited on glass substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The electrical and optical properties of these films were studied as a function of substrate temperature and oxygen pressure during deposition. For a 200-nm-thick ZZO film grown at 250 degreesC in 1 mTorr of oxygen, a resistivity of 5.6x10(-4) Omega cm was measured and an average optical transmittance of 84% was measured in the visible range (400-700 nm). The ZZO films, grown at different oxygen pressures, were used as an anode contact for OLED devices. External electroluminescence quantum efficiencies (0.8%-0.9%) comparable to those (0.9%-1.0%) measured for control devices fabricated on commercial ITO anodes were obtained at high current densities (1000 A/m(2)). These results demonstrate that ZZO is a good anode material. In addition, it is an attractive alternative to ITO due to its low price and lack of toxicity. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 18 BP 3809 EP 3811 DI 10.1063/1.1623933 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 737XD UT WOS:000186256300055 ER PT J AU Zalalutdinov, M Aubin, KL Reichenbach, RB Zehnder, AT Houston, B Parpia, JM Craighead, HG AF Zalalutdinov, M Aubin, KL Reichenbach, RB Zehnder, AT Houston, B Parpia, JM Craighead, HG TI Shell-type micromechanical actuator and resonator SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC AMPLIFICATION; OSCILLATORS; FILMS AB Dome-shaped radio-frequency micromechanical resonators were fabricated by utilizing the buckling of a prestressed thin polysilicon film. The enhanced rigidity of the dome structure leads to a significant increase of its resonant frequency compared to a flat plate resonator. The shell-type geometry of the structure also provides an imbedded actuation mechanism. Significant out-of plane deflections are actuated by mechanical stress introduced within the plane of the shell. We demonstrate that thermomechanical stress generated by a focused laser beam, or microfabricated resistive heater, provides an effective and fast mechanism to operate the dome as an acoustic resonator in the radio-frequency range. All-optical operation of the shell resonator and an integrated approach are discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Cornell Univ, Cornell Ctr Mat Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zalalutdinov, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Cornell Ctr Mat Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Zehnder, Alan/E-7458-2012 NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 18 BP 3815 EP 3817 DI 10.1063/1.1622792 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 737XD UT WOS:000186256300057 ER PT J AU Kim, IJ Ullrich, T Janetka, JW Furness, MS Jacobson, AE Rothman, RB Dersch, CM Flippen-Anderson, JL George, C Rice, KC AF Kim, IJ Ullrich, T Janetka, JW Furness, MS Jacobson, AE Rothman, RB Dersch, CM Flippen-Anderson, JL George, C Rice, KC TI Diaryldimethylpiperazine ligands with mu- and delta-opioid receptor affinity: Synthesis of (+)-4-[(alpha R)-alpha-(4-allyl-(2S,5S)-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methy l]-N-ethyl-N- phenylbenzamide and (-)-4-[(alpha R)-alpha-(2S,5S)-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-ethy l-N-phenylbenzamide SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MESSAGE-ADDRESS CONCEPT; MEDIATED PHENOMENA; (+)-4-<(ALPHA-R)-ALPHA-((2S,5R)-4-ALLYL-2,5-DIMETHYL-1-PIPERAZINYL)-3-ME THOXYBE SNC-80; MORPHINE-TOLERANCE; ANTAGONISTS; AGONISTS; DEPENDENCE; POTENT; PROBES; NALTREXONE AB We have explored the synthesis of compounds that have good affinity for both mu- and delta-opioid receptors from the (alphaR,2S,5S) class of diaryldimethylpiperazines. These non-selective compounds were related to opioids that have been found to interact selectively with mu- or delta-opioid receptors as agonists or antagonists. In our initial survey, we found two compounds, (+)-4[(alphaR)-alpha-(4-allyl-(2S,5S)-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-ethyl-N-phenylbenzamide (14) and its N-H relative, (-)-4-[(alphaR)-alpha-(2S,5S)-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-(3-hydroxyphenylmethyl]-N-ethyl-N-phenylbenzamide (15), that interacted with delta-receptors with good affinity, and, as we hoped, with much higher affinity at p-receptors than SNC80. The relative configuration of the benzylic position in (+)-4-[(alphaR)-alpha-(4-allyl-(2S,5S)-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-(3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-benzyl alcohol (10) was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis of a crystal that was an unresolved twin. The absolute stereochemistry of that benzylic stereogenic center was unequivocally derived by the X-ray crystallographic analysis from the two other centers of asymmetry in the molecule that were known. Those were established from the synthesis via a dipeptide cyclo-L-Ala-L-Ala in which the absolute stereochemistry was established. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDA, Addict Res Ctr, Clin Psychopharmacol Sect, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jacobson, AE (reprint author), NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bldg 8,Room B1-23, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Janetka, James/A-8216-2011 OI Janetka, James/0000-0002-9888-5411 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD NOV 3 PY 2003 VL 11 IS 22 BP 4761 EP 4768 DI 10.1016/S0968-0896(03)00496-6 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 735VA UT WOS:000186134200008 PM 14556791 ER PT J AU Butcher, RJ Bottaro, JC Gilardi, R AF Butcher, RJ Bottaro, JC Gilardi, R TI 1,3,4-Trinitro-7,8-diazapentalene SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID 1,3,4,6-TETRANITRO-2,5-DIAZAPENTALENE AB The structure of 1,3,4-trinitro-7,8-diazapentalene, C6H3N5O6, is reported. In this molecule, while the 7,8-diazapentalene skeleton is planar, the nitro groups are twisted with respect to and deviate from this plane. The metrical parameters of the monosubstituted and disubstituted five-membered rings differ. C1 USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD NOV PY 2003 VL 59 BP O1780 EP O1782 DI 10.1107/S1600536803020051 PN 11 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 738ZZ UT WOS:000186318900133 ER PT J AU Butcher, RJ Bottaro, JC Gilardi, R AF Butcher, RJ Bottaro, JC Gilardi, R TI 1-Nitro-7,8-diazapentalene SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID 1,3,4,6-TETRANITRO-2,5-DIAZAPENTALENE; 1,3,5-TRI-TERT-BUTYLPENTALENE; SYSTEMS AB The structure of 1-nitro-7,8-diazapentalene, C6H5N3O2, is reported. This is a planar molecule, in which the metrical parameters of the two five-membered rings are substantially altered by the effect of the 1-nitro substituent. Additionally, the parameters of the nitro group itself are also perturbed. C1 USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD NOV PY 2003 VL 59 BP O1777 EP O1779 DI 10.1107/S160053680302004X PN 11 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 738ZZ UT WOS:000186318900132 ER PT J AU Papenhausen, P Gadi, I Tepperberg, J Mowrey, P Singh-Kahlon, P Wisniewski, L Goodwin, D AF Papenhausen, P Gadi, I Tepperberg, J Mowrey, P Singh-Kahlon, P Wisniewski, L Goodwin, D TI Trisomy 3q secondary to a terminal deletion/generation of a mirror-image analphoid marker in a neonate. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY NOV 04-08, 2003 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Human Genet C1 Labcorp Amer, Dept Cytogenet, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 73 IS 5 MA 841 BP 313 EP 313 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 726LC UT WOS:000185599700840 ER PT J AU Bloom, DC Cupp, CL AF Bloom, DC Cupp, CL TI The percutaneous columellar strut SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NASAL TIP; RHINOPLASTY; NOSE AB Background: Understanding tip support mechanisms is essential for nasal surgery, especially for preservation or augmentation of tip projection. Methods: Support of the nasal tip often is improved by the use of struts placed between the medial crura. The percutaneous columellar strut is a technique that provides additional tip support during septoplasty and closed rhinoplasty. The strut is placed via a small vertical columellar incision. Results: The advantage of easy and simple insertion outweighs the minor potential disadvantage of a small, visible vertical columellar scar. It is useful in addressing tip ptosis when trauma, surgery, or aging has reduced the contribution of the septum to tip support. Conclusion: A detailed description of the percutaneous columellar strut technique and results of its application are presented. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Bloom, DC (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEAN SIDE PUBLICATIONS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA 95 PITMAN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA SN 1050-6586 J9 AM J RHINOL JI Am. J. Rhinol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 17 IS 6 BP 357 EP 361 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 763KN UT WOS:000188084400007 PM 14750612 ER PT J AU Xu, H Elster, EA Blair, PJ Burkly, LC Tadaki, DK Harlan, DM Kirk, AD AF Xu, H Elster, EA Blair, PJ Burkly, LC Tadaki, DK Harlan, DM Kirk, AD TI Effects of combined treatment with CD25-and CD154-specific monoclonal antibodies in non-human primate allotransplantation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE costimulation; immunosuppression; kidney; rejection ID RENAL-ALLOGRAFT REJECTION; HUMAN IL-2 RECEPTOR; CROSS-LINKING; CD40; TRANSPLANTATION; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; LIGAND; CD154; ACTIVATION AB The CD154-specific monoclonal antibody (Mab) hu5c8 greatly prolongs allograft survival in primates. The CD25-specific Mab daclizumab has not, to date, been paired with hu5c8. We evaluated the effects of hu5c8 in vitro, alone and in combination with daclizumab on rhesus-mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs). We then evaluated therapy with hu5c8 and daclizumab in four monkey renal allograft recipients compared with monkeys untreated or contemporaneously treated with hu5c8 alone. Lymphocyte proliferation in MLR was reduced by both daclizumab and hu5c8, and their combined effects were additive. Rejection-free allograft survival in monkeys treated with both hu5c8 and daclizumab (74-479 days) was not significantly better than animals treated with hu5c8 alone (257-587 days), and one combined therapy animal rejected while still on hu5c8 therapy, a condition not typically seen with hu5c8 monotherapy. Although daclizumab and hu5c8 are additively effective in MLR, they do not appear to be synergistic in vivo in rhesus monkeys. C1 NIDDKD, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Kirk, AD (reprint author), NIDDKD, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U19 AI43900-01] NR 20 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 3 IS 11 BP 1350 EP 1354 DI 10.1046/j.1600-6135.2003.00235.x PG 5 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 737LA UT WOS:000186230800004 PM 14525594 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MA Ganguli, G Su, YJ Thomsen, MF AF Reynolds, MA Ganguli, G Su, YJ Thomsen, MF TI The local-time variation of the quiet plasmasphere: geosynchronous observations and kinetic theory SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; plasma convection; plasmasphere ID PLASMAPAUSE; MODEL; MAGNETOSPHERE; DENSITY AB The quiet-time structure of the plasmaspheric density was investigated using observations of the Los Alamos geosynchronous satellites, and these observations were compared with theoretical predictions of the quasi-static local-time variation by a kinetic model. It was found that the coupling to the ionosphere (via the local-time variation of the exobase) played a key role in determining the density structure at 6.6 R-E. The kinetic model predicts that most of the local-time variation at geosynchronous orbit is due to the variation of the exobase parameters. During quiet times, when the convection electric field is dominated by the corotation field, the effects due to flux-tube convection are less prominent than those due to the exobase variation. In addition, the kinetic model predicts that the geosynchronous plasmaspheric density level is at most only 25% of saturation density, even when geomagnetic activity is low. The low night-time densities of the ionospheric footpoints, and the subsequent long trapping time scales, prevent the equatorial densities from reaching saturation. C1 Embry Riddle Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reynolds, MA (reprint author), Embry Riddle Univ, Dept Phys Sci, 600 S Clyde Morris Blvd, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. EM mark.reynolds@erau.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2147 EP 2154 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775NN UT WOS:000189047700002 ER PT J AU Darling, RG Waeckerle, JF Grabenstein, JD Koenig, KL AF Darling, RG Waeckerle, JF Grabenstein, JD Koenig, KL TI Removing health care workers from clinical duties after smallpox vaccination: Is it really necessary? SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, USN, Med Off Homeland Secur, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Off Surgeon Gen, Falls Church, VA USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Vet Hlth Adm, Emergency management Strateg Healthcare Grp, Washington, DC USA. RP Darling, RG (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, USN, Med Off Homeland Secur, 1425 Porter St,ATTN MCMR-UIM-0, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 42 IS 5 BP 685 EP 688 DI 10.1067/mem.2003.419 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 737PT UT WOS:000186241500012 PM 14581922 ER PT J AU Hicks, CW Yakovlev, AB Steer, MB AF Hicks, CW Yakovlev, AB Steer, MB TI Aperture-coupled stripline-to-waveguide transitions for spatial power combining SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A full-wave electromagnetic model is developed and verified for a waveguide transition consisting of slotted rectangular waveguides coupled to a strip line. This waveguide-based structure represents a portion of the planar spatial power combining amplifier array. The electromagnetic simulator is developed to analyze the stripline-to-slot transitions operating in a waveguide-based environment in the X-band. The simulator is based on the method of moments (MoM) discretization of the coupled system of integral equations with the piecewise sinusodial testing and basis functions in the electric and magnetic surface current density expansions. Electric and magnetic dyadic Green's functions used in this integral equation formulation are developed for an infinite rectangular waveguide in the form of partial expansion over the complete system of eigenfunctions of a transverse Laplacian operator. Numerical results are obtained and compared with a commercial microwave simulator for a few representative structures, including various configurations and planar arrays of slotted waveguide modules coupled to a strip line. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, RF Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Elect Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hicks, CW (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, RF Sensors Div, 4-5-5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD NOV PY 2003 SI SI BP 33 EP 40 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 806IJ UT WOS:000220427300005 ER PT J AU Mohammed, OA Calvert, TE Petersen, L McConnell, R AF Mohammed, OA Calvert, TE Petersen, L McConnell, R TI Transient modeling of magnetoelastic problems in electric machinery SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE coupled problems; transient FE formulation; magnetoelastic problem; magnetostriction AB This paper investigates some aspects on noise and vibrations of electrical machinery based upon the coupling between the magnetic field and the mechanical deformation in the stator. This coupling is typically considered by using reluctance forces. Since the deformations occurring are small compared to the machine's dimensions, there is no feedback to the magnetic system in numerical models. However, stator deformations are caused not only by reluctance forces, but also by magnetostriction effect of the stator iron. Magnetostriction is one of the main causes of noise in electromagnetic systems particularly when the flux density is above 1.5 Teslas. Here, we develop numerical models that incorporate magnetostriction effects and all other possible electromechanical forces and related material interactions. Magnetostriction presents a problem at all levels of frequencies. At frequencies, particularly 2E, magnetostrictive forces are undesirable and can be large as well as generate acoustic noise, which can impede the system's performance. The magnetostrictive deformations can be calculated based upon the magnetic field. If the magnetostrictive deformations are slightly higher than the magnitude of the deformations caused by the reluctance forces, there will be a need for feedback to the magnetic system. In order to account for this effect, the magnetostriction characteristic of iron X(H) is needed. The dependency of permeability on mechanical stress must be accounted for and be built into a strong coupling scheme. Implementation results on a 2-hp, permanent magnet motor indicate that magnetostrictive forces are significant and must be accounted for in the electromagnetic system's design stage. C1 Florida Int Univ, ECE Dept, Miami, FL 33174 USA. USN, Off Res, Arlington, VA USA. USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Machinery R&D Directorate, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Mohammed, OA (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, ECE Dept, Miami, FL 33174 USA. EM mohammed@fiu.edu RI Mohammed, Osama/L-7113-2015 OI Mohammed, Osama/0000-0002-2586-4046 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD NOV PY 2003 SI SI BP 77 EP 83 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 806IJ UT WOS:000220427300011 ER PT J AU Hunter, WR Kowalski, MP Cruddace, RG AF Hunter, WR Kowalski, MP Cruddace, RG TI Wadsworth mount redux: paraboloidal versus spherical gratings SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB Spherical and paraboloidal diffraction gratings are considered for use on an experiment involving a collection of satelliteborne spectrographs that will investigate astrophysical plasmas in the spectral region from approximately 100 to 300 Angstrom. We shall use eight spectrographs: Wadsworth mounts in near-normal incidence with effective focal lengths of 3 m, each centered on a chosen wavelength in this spectral range. Ray tracings show that paraboloidal gratings used in the Wadsworth mount have a significant increase in resolution over spherical gratings of the same effective focal length, used in the same mounting, as long as the spectral ranges are small (approximately 10% of the central wavelength). This increase in resolution is due to the spatial extent of coma for a paraboloidal grating that is less than the circle of least confusion of spherical gratings. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 SFA Inc, Woodlands Off Ctr, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hunter, WR (reprint author), SFA Inc, Woodlands Off Ctr, 9315 Largo Dr W,Suite 200, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM wrhunter@bellatlantic.net NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 31 BP 6245 EP 6254 DI 10.1364/AO.42.006245 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 739TN UT WOS:000186362700002 PM 14649265 ER PT J AU Seely, J Kjornrattanawanich, B AF Seely, J Kjornrattanawanich, B TI Measurement of extreme-ultraviolet attenuation edges of magnesium, tin, and indium filters SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID GRATING-CRYSTAL MONOCHROMATOR; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; ALUMINUM; FILMS; RADIATION AB We determined the energies of the Mg L-2,L-3, Sn N-4,N-5, and In N-4,N-5 attenuation edges by measuring the transmission of high-resolution synchrotron radiation through thin filters. The Al L-2,L-3 and Si L-3 edges observed in the first and higher diffraction orders from the monochromator were used as energy fiducials. For each attenuation edge, the onset of attenuation with increasing energy and the inflection point of the attenuation curve were measured. The measured energy values were compared with previously determined attenuation edge energies and with electron binding energies. The measured energies of the inflection points are Mg L-2 (49.89 +/- 0.02 eV), Mg L-3 (49.58 +/- 0.02 eV), Sn N-4 (25.00 +/- 0.02 eV), Sn N-5 (23.97 +/- 0.02 eV), In N-4 (17.66 +/- 0.02 eV), and In N-5 (16.70 +/- 0.02 eV). (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Seely, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7674,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 31 BP 6374 EP 6381 DI 10.1364/AO.42.006374 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 739TN UT WOS:000186362700018 PM 14649281 ER PT J AU Anderson, SF Voges, W Margon, B Trumper, J Agueros, MA Boller, T Collinge, MJ Homer, L Stinson, G Strauss, MA Annis, J Gomez, P Hall, PB Nichol, RC Richards, GT Schneider, DP Vanden Berk, DE Fan, XH Ivezic, Z Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Richmond, MW Weinberg, DH Yanny, B Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Fukugita, M York, DG AF Anderson, SF Voges, W Margon, B Trumper, J Agueros, MA Boller, T Collinge, MJ Homer, L Stinson, G Strauss, MA Annis, J Gomez, P Hall, PB Nichol, RC Richards, GT Schneider, DP Vanden Berk, DE Fan, XH Ivezic, Z Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Richmond, MW Weinberg, DH Yanny, B Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Fukugita, M York, DG TI A large, uniform sample of X-ray-emitting AGNs: Selection approach and an initial catalog from the ROSAT All-Sky and Sloan Digital Sky Surveys SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; quasars : general; surveys; X-rays ID EARLY DATA RELEASE; BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BRIGHT SOURCE CATALOG; OPTICAL IDENTIFICATIONS; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; HAMBURG/RASS CATALOG; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; QUASAR SURVEY AB Many open questions in X-ray astronomy are limited by the relatively small number of objects in uniform optically identified and observed samples, especially when rare subclasses are considered or when subsets are isolated to search for evolution or correlations between wavebands. We describe the initial results of a new program aimed to ultimately yield similar to10(4) fully characterized X-ray source identifications-a sample about an order of magnitude larger than earlier efforts. The technique is detailed and employs X-ray data from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) and optical imaging and spectroscopic follow-up from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS); these two surveys prove to be serendipitously very well matched in sensitivity. As part of the SDSS software pipelines, optical objects in the SDSS photometric catalogs are automatically positionally cross-correlated with RASS X-ray sources. Then priorities for follow-on SDSS optical spectra of candidate counterparts are automatically assigned using an algorithm based on the known ratios of f(x)/f(opt) for various classes of X-ray emitters at typical RASS fluxes of similar to10(-13) ergs cm(-2) s(-1). SDSS photometric parameters for optical morphology, magnitude, and colors, plus FIRST radio information, serve as proxies for object class. Initial application of this approach to RASS/SDSS data from 1400 deg(2) of sky provides a catalog of more than 1200 spectroscopically confirmed quasars and other AGNs that are probable RASS identifications. Most of these are new identifications, and only a few percent of the AGN counterparts are likely to be random superpositions. The magnitude and redshift ranges of the counterparts are very broad, extending over 15