FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Powell, BJ Baruah, T Bernstein, N Brake, K McKenzie, RH Meredith, P Pederson, MR AF Powell, BJ Baruah, T Bernstein, N Brake, K McKenzie, RH Meredith, P Pederson, MR TI A first-principles density-functional calculation of the electronic and vibrational structure of the key melanin monomers SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MODEL POLYMERS; BAND-STRUCTURE; EUMELANIN; OXIDATION; 5,6-DIHYDROXYINDOLE; 5,6-INDOLEQUINONE; APPROXIMATION; INTENSITIES; SIMULATIONS; PRECURSORS AB We report first-principles density-functional calculations for hydroquinone (HQ), indolequinone (IQ), and semiquinone (SQ). These molecules are believed to be the basic building blocks of the eumelanins, a class of biomacromolecules with important biological functions (including photoprotection) and with the potential for certain bioengineering applications. We have used the difference of self-consistent fields method to study the energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, Delta(HL). We show that Delta(HL) is Similar in IQ and SQ, but approximately twice as large in HQ. This may have important implications for our understanding of the observed broadband optical absorption of the eumelanins. The possibility of using this difference in Delta(HL) to molecularly engineer the electronic properties of eumelanins is discussed. We calculate the infrared and Raman spectra of the three redox forms from first principles. Each of the molecules have significantly different infrared and Raman signatures, and so these spectra could be used in situ to nondestructively identify the monomeric content of macromolecules. It is hoped that this may be a helpful analytical tool in determining the structure of eumelanin macromolecules and hence in helping to determine the structure-property-function relationships that control the behavior of the eumelanins. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Powell, BJ (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM powell@physics.uq.edu.au RI Powell, Benjamin/B-1281-2009; McKenzie, Ross/D-8900-2013; Meredith, Paul/E-6092-2013 OI Powell, Benjamin/0000-0002-5161-1317; NR 43 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 8 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 18 BP 8608 EP 8615 DI 10.1063/1.1690758 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 819EY UT WOS:000221298500033 PM 15267788 ER PT J AU Yu, H Kim, IJ Folk, JE Tian, XR Rothman, RB Baumann, MH Dersch, CM Flippen-Anderson, JL Parrish, D Jacobson, AE Rice, KC AF Yu, H Kim, IJ Folk, JE Tian, XR Rothman, RB Baumann, MH Dersch, CM Flippen-Anderson, JL Parrish, D Jacobson, AE Rice, KC TI Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-indanamine derivatives as nonselective ligands for biogenic amine transporters SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GBR12909 DECANOATE; COCAINE ABUSE; DOPAMINE; METHAMPHETAMINE; NOREPINEPHRINE; SEROTONIN; AGENT; IDENTIFICATION; INHIBITORS; REUPTAKE AB In our efforts toward developing a nonselective ligand that would block the effects of stimulants such as methamphetamine at dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and norepinephrine (NE) transporters, we synthesized a series of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-indanamine derivatives. Two of the examined higher affinity compounds had a phenolic hydroxyl group enabling preparation of a medium to long chain carboxylic acid ester that might eventually be useful for a long-acting depot formulation. The in vitro data indicated that (-)-(1R,3S)-trans-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-hydroxy-N-methyl-1-indanamine ((-)-(1R,3S)-11) displays high-affinity binding and potent inhibition of uptake at all three biogenic amine transporters. In vivo microdialysis experiments demonstrated that intravenous administration of (-)-(1R,3S)-11 to rats elevated extracellular DA and 5-HT in the nucleus accumbens in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreating rats with 0.5 mg/kg (-)-(1R,3S)-11 elevated extracellular DA and 5-HT by approximately 150% and reduced methamphetamine-induced neurotransmitter release by about 50%. Ex vivo autoradiography, however, demonstrated that iv administration of (-)-(1R,3S)-11 produced a dose-dependent, persistent occupation of 5-HT transporter binding sites but not DA transporter sites. C1 NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDA, Clin Psychopharmacol Sect, Intramural Res Program, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Bldg 8,Room B1-23, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kr21f@nih.gov NR 27 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD MAY 6 PY 2004 VL 47 IS 10 BP 2624 EP 2634 DI 10.1021/jm0305873 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 817NI UT WOS:000221183800025 PM 15115403 ER PT J AU Wolak, MA Jang, BB Palilis, LC Kafafi, ZH AF Wolak, MA Jang, BB Palilis, LC Kafafi, ZH TI Functionalized pentacene derivatives for use as red emitters in organic light-emitting diodes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; 6,13-DISUBSTITUTED PENTACENES; CARRIER RECOMBINATION; IRIDIUM COMPLEXES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; QUANTUM YIELD; EMISSION; FLUORESCENCE; ELECTROPHOSPHORESCENCE AB A series of three pentacene derivatives featuring substituted aryl groups at the 6,13-position, namely, 6,13-diphenylpentacene, 6,13-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)pentacene, and 6,13-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)pentacene, have been synthesized and characterized. The optical properties of each compound have been determined in solution and in the solid state. Films containing the pentacene derivatives dispersed in tris(quinolin-8-olato)aluminum(111) (Alq(3)) emit in the red with small contribution from the Alq3 host, signaling efficient energy transfer from host to guest molecules. The absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (phi(PL)) of composite films is similar to30-32% at optimum dopant concentration. Organic light-emitting diodes based on these composite films as the active emitting layers have been fabricated and characterized. External electroluminescence quantum efficiencies near the theoretical limit have been achieved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kafafi, ZH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5615, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kafafi@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 42 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 6 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 18 BP 5492 EP 5499 DI 10.1021/jp036199u PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 816VQ UT WOS:000221137800002 ER PT J AU Scandrett, CL Shin, YS Hung, KC Khan, MS Lilian, CC AF Scandrett, CL Shin, YS Hung, KC Khan, MS Lilian, CC TI Cancellation techniques in underwater scattering of acoustic signals SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID VISCOELASTIC MEDIUM; MODEL; GRATINGS; WAVE AB Advanced materials made of a combination of viscoelastic coating and piezoelectric substances are fast emerging as important acoustics materials that can be used to reduce or eliminate scattered acoustic signals of submerged structures. In this paper, we considered the underlying principles that govern the acoustic performance of viscoelastic and piezoelectric materials. Analytical treatments such as the invariant embedding techniques, potential method, Floquet theory and asymptotics approximation, are employed to derive the mathematical model for predicting the acoustics performance of viscoelastic and piezoelectric materials. Numerical implementations in finite difference methods coupled with boundary integral formulation, and commercial finite elements code, such as ANSYS, are demonstrated for some practical configurations. Results for a few representative canonical examples of the problem, which include two-dimensional acoustic scattering from a fluid-loaded plate embedded with viscoelastic material or piezoelectric elements served as useful benchmarks for future works in this direction. C1 Inst High Performance Comp, Singapore 117528, Singapore. Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. DSO Natl Labs, Singapore 118230, Singapore. RP Inst High Performance Comp, 1 Sci Pk Dr,01-01 Capricorn,Singapore Sci Pk 2, Singapore 117528, Singapore. EM hungkc@ihpc.a-star.edu.sg NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X EI 1095-8568 J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD MAY 6 PY 2004 VL 272 IS 3-5 BP 513 EP 537 DI 10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00381-X PG 25 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 814UW UT WOS:000221000600003 ER PT J AU Schull, TL Butcher, R Dressick, WJ Brandow, SL Byington, LK Knight, DA AF Schull, TL Butcher, R Dressick, WJ Brandow, SL Byington, LK Knight, DA TI Cis-[PtCl2(p-TPPTP(H)(7))(2)]Cl-2 center dot 4H(2)O center dot(CH3CH(OH)CH3): a platinum phosphine complex exhibiting both inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article DE phosphine; phosphonic acid; platinum ID LIGANDS; ACID AB The title compound, cis-[PtCl2(p-TPPTP(H)(7))(2)]Cl(2)(.)4H(2)O(.)(CH3CH(OH)CH3) (TPPTP=triphenylphosphine triphosphonate), is formed via crystallization from a water-isopropanol solution of cis-[PtCl2(TPPTP(H-6))(2)]. The coordination geometry around platinum is distorted square planar with two coordinated chloride ligands, and two free chloride ions in the crystal lattice. Two of the phosphonic acid groups are protonated -PO3H3+ and the complex contains extensive intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20009 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Schull, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daknight@loyno.edu OI Knight, David/0000-0001-5510-6265 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PD MAY 6 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1375 EP 1378 DI 10.1016/j.poly.2004.02.021 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 820DO UT WOS:000221367400011 ER PT J AU Cassimatis, DC Atwood, JE Engler, RM Linz, PE Grabenstein, JD Vernalis, MN AF Cassimatis, DC Atwood, JE Engler, RM Linz, PE Grabenstein, JD Vernalis, MN TI Smallpox vaccination and myopericarditis: A clinical review SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ACUTE INFECTIOUS MYOCARDITIS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY; DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; LYMPHOCYTIC MYOCARDITIS; SUSPECTED MYOCARDITIS; ENDOMYOCARDIAL BIOPSY; PROVEN MYOCARDITIS; VIRAL MYOCARDITIS; FATAL MYOCARDITIS; FOLLOW-UP AB Smallpox is a devastating viral illness that was eradicated after an aggressive, widespread vaccination campaign. Routine U.S. childhood vaccinations ended in 1972, and routine military vaccinations ended in 1990. Recently, the threat of bioterrorist use of smallpox has revived the need for vaccination. Over 450,000 U.S. military personnel received the vaccination between December 2002 and June 2003, with rates of non-cardiac complications at or below historical levels. The rate of cardiac complications, however, has been higher than expected, with two confirmed cases and over 50 probable cases of myopericarditis after vaccination reported to the Department of Defense Smallpox Vaccination Program. The practicing physician should use the history and physical, electrocardiogram, and cardiac biomarkers in the initial evaluation of a post-vaccination patient with chest pain. Echocardiogram, cardiac catheterization, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear imaging, and cardiac biopsy may be of use in further workup. Treatment is with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, four to six weeks of limited exertion, and conventional heart failure treatment as necessary. Immune suppressant therapy with steroids may be uniquely beneficial in myopericarditis related to smallpox vaccination, compared with other types of myopericarditis. If a widespread vaccination program is undertaken in the future, many more cases of post-vaccinial myopericarditis could be seen. Practicing physicians should be aware that smallpox vaccine-associated myopericarditis is a real entity, and symptoms after vaccination should be appropriately evaluated, treated if necessary, and reported to the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System. (C) 2004 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USA, Med Command, Mil Vaccine Agcy, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Cassimatis, DC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM dimitri.cassimatis@na.amedd.army.mil NR 70 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD MAY 5 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1503 EP 1510 DI 10.1016/j.jacc.2003.11.053 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 817CI UT WOS:000221155200001 PM 15120802 ER PT J AU Stavn, RH Keen, TR AF Stavn, RH Keen, TR TI Suspended minerogenic particle distributions in high-energy coastal environments: Optical implications SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE particle size distributions; optical scattering; sediment resuspension ID PARTICULATE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SCATTERING COEFFICIENT; BACKSCATTERING RATIO; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MARINE PARTICLES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; OCEANIC WATERS; TROPICAL STORM; PHYTOPLANKTON AB [1] This paper examines suspended minerogenic particle distributions in the near-coastal ocean, Oceanside, California. The environment is dominated by resuspension of particles from a well-sorted sandy sediment. We obtain information on the suspended mineral matter from the relocatable numerical sedimentation model, TRANS98. Inputs for the model include bottom particle size distribution, wind speed, wave period and height, and near-bottom current speed. Model output is a vertical profile of mineral particle concentrations and size distributions at selected depths. The mineral particle size distribution allows the calculation of the total scattering coefficient of suspended minerogenic matter. The particle size distribution for the bed at Oceanside is approximately Gaussian lognormal in character. The predicted size distribution near bottom is a skewed Gaussian lognormal; then the distribution shifts toward the increasing importance of smaller size classes as we approach the water surface. Deeper stations maintain a lognormal character up into the surface layers while the shallower stations switch to a particle size distribution of the smallest size class being the modal class in the surface layers. Hyperbolic size distributions have been proposed for the Oceanside site from optical observations. These distributions would have a slope of 2.1 for coastal water which would decrease to as low as 1.3 for shallow nearshore stations and near the bottom. None of the proposed hyperbolic slopes provides an adequate approximation of the particle distributions predicted by TRANS98. The larger particle size classes are significantly overestimated by hyperbolic models, which causes the total scattering coefficient of the minerogenic matter to be overestimated. These results indicate that hyperbolic slope models cannot be used to retrieve particle size distributions by inversions involving the total scattering coefficient nor are they accurate estimators of the minerogenic scattering coefficient. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. EM stavnr@uncg.edu NR 69 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 4 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C5 AR C05005 DI 10.1029/2003JC002098 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 819RZ UT WOS:000221334000001 ER PT J AU Jin, ZQ Chen, KH Li, J Zeng, H Cheng, SF Liu, JP Wang, ZL Thadhani, NN AF Jin, ZQ Chen, KH Li, J Zeng, H Cheng, SF Liu, JP Wang, ZL Thadhani, NN TI Shock compression response of magnetic nanocomposite powders SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE powder consolidation; nanocomposite; hard magnets; nanostructure impact behavior ID CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; GRAIN-SIZE; COMPACTION; DEFORMATION; PRESSURE; MIXTURES; ALLOY AB The shock compression response of magnetic Pr2Fe14B/alpha-Fe nanocomposite powders, pressed at different packing densities, was studied in the range of 11-23 GPa shock pressure, using a single-stage gas gun. Bulk compacts (97.5-99% dense) recovered in the form of 12 mm diameter by 4 mm thick disks, were analyzed to determine the structural changes occurring within the particles and at particle boundaries. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed presence of laminar morphology and strong interparticle bonding. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed the retention of nanoscale structure and localized grain refinement. Shear hands were observed and thought to be responsible for the grain refinement. The compact of powders pressed at the intermediate packing density (similar to76% dense) showed the best densification characteristics, correspondingly, the best magnetic properties with strongest exchange coupling between hard and soft phases. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jin, ZQ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM zq.jin@mse.gatech.edu RI Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011; Zeng, Hao/E-1994-2012 OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380; NR 30 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY 3 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 8 BP 2147 EP 2154 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.01.006 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 820JS UT WOS:000221385600004 ER PT J AU Thomas, JP Qidwai, MA AF Thomas, JP Qidwai, MA TI Mechanical design and performance of composite multifunctional materials SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE composites; modeling; mechanical properties; electrical properties; multifunctional AB Combining, functions in a single material entity permits improvements in system performance not possible through independent subsystem optimizations. The design of composite multifunctional materials for optimal system performance involves selection of constituents, cross-section architecture, and interface connections. We describe a methodology for deriving indices that quantitatively relate system-level performance of discrete composite components to their constituent properties and geometry. These material-architecture indices provide a useful metric for ranking composite design configurations. The methodology is demonstrated by the analysis and ranking of several notional multifunctional structure-battery laminate designs. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Washington Operat, Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Thomas, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350,4550 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jthomas5@anvil.nrl.navy.mil OI Qidwai, Siddiq/0000-0002-2389-118X NR 13 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 5 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY 3 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 8 BP 2155 EP 2164 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.01.007 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 820JS UT WOS:000221385600005 ER PT J AU Goswami, R Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT Spanos, G AF Goswami, R Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT Spanos, G TI Formation of Cr-germanide nanoparticles during growth of epitaxial Ge-Cr thin films SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE ferromagnetic semiconductors; Ge-Cr; nanoparticles; germanide ID FERROMAGNETISM; SEMICONDUCTOR AB Microstructural evolution has been investigated as a function of substrate temperature in Ge-4 at.%Cr films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), by employing transmission electron microscopy (TEM); the TEM results have been correlated to the magnetic properties. Magnetometry measurements show that samples grown at substrate temperatures of 200 degreesC and above are paramagnetic. Significantly different microstructures have been shown to evolve, depending on the Substrate temperature (T-s) during MBE growth. For T-s = 200 degreesC. the film consists of elongated rods, or "noodles" of the equilibrium Cr-11 Ge-19 phase. For T-s = 400 degreesC, a nanodispersion of metastable Cr11Ge8 equiaxed precipitates form within the Ge-matrix. It is thus proposed that for T-s = 400 degreesC a supersaturated Ge-Cr solid-solution is initially formed from the vapor phase, followed by solid-state precipitation. At T-s = 200 degreesC. precipitation analogous to a cellular/discontinuous transformation results in the formation of cooperatively grown rod-like or noodle shaped microstructures. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Spanos, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6300, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM spanos@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY 3 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 8 BP 2419 EP 2427 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.01.033 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 820JS UT WOS:000221385600030 ER PT J AU Silveira, E Freitas, JA Kneissl, M Treat, DW Johnson, NM Slack, GA Schowalter, LJ AF Silveira, E Freitas, JA Kneissl, M Treat, DW Johnson, NM Slack, GA Schowalter, LJ TI Near-bandedge cathodoluminescence of an AlN homoepitaxial film SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ALUMINUM NITRIDE; GAN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; GROWTH; LAYERS; SPLITTINGS; EPILAYERS; SPECTRA; BULK AB Cathodoluminescence experiments were performed on a high-quality AlN epitaxial film grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy on a large single crystal AlN substrate. The low-temperature near-bandedge spectra clearly show six very narrow lines. The thermal quenching behavior of these emission lines provides insight on how to assign them to free and bound exciton recombination processes. The binding energy for the free-exciton-A in AlN was found to be nearly twice that in GaN. The observation of the free-exciton-A first excited state permitted us to estimate its reduced effective mass and, by using recent reported values for the hole effective mass in Mg-doped AlN, the electron effective mass in AlN has been deduced. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Palo Alto Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Crystal IS Inc, Latham, NY 12110 USA. UFPR, Dept Fis, BR-19044 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Silveira, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil RI Kneissl, Michael/B-9682-2012 NR 26 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 3 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 18 BP 3501 EP 3503 DI 10.1063/1.1738929 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 815SR UT WOS:000221062500023 ER PT J AU Gerhardt, A Weik, F QuocTran, T Tomm, JW Elsaesser, T Biesenbach, J Muntz, H Seibold, G Biermann, ML AF Gerhardt, A Weik, F QuocTran, T Tomm, JW Elsaesser, T Biesenbach, J Muntz, H Seibold, G Biermann, ML TI Device deformation during low-frequency pulsed operation of high-power diode bars SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRAIN AB Thermal tuning rates of single emitters in "cm-bar" high-power diode laser arrays are analyzed. We find these tuning rates to consist of purely thermal and mechanical pressure contributions, of -0.48 and -0.08 meV(K)(-1), respectively. We estimate the mechanical deformation such a device experiences during pulsed operation to be 0.07%, and then apply an adequate external force to single segments of cm bars. These single segments model the central emitters within the array. Effects that arise due to gradual aging, such as nonequilibrium carrier lifetime decrease, sheet carrier concentration increase, and defect concentration rise are monitored and analyzed over up to 2x10(6) deformation cycles. These experiments provide the basis for a type of accelerated aging experiment for device testing, especially of devices designed for low-frequency pulsed operation. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Max Born Inst Nichtlineare Opt & Kurzzeitspektros, Berlin, Germany. DILAS Diodenslaser GmbH, D-55129 Mainz, Germany. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Gerhardt, A (reprint author), Max Born Inst Nichtlineare Opt & Kurzzeitspektros, Max Born Str 2A, Berlin, Germany. EM tomm@mbi-berlin.de RI Tomm, Jens /D-2697-2011; Elsaesser, Thomas/P-7608-2014 OI Tomm, Jens /0000-0002-9731-9397; NR 8 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 3 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 18 BP 3525 EP 3527 DI 10.1063/1.1739516 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 815SR UT WOS:000221062500031 ER PT J AU Sandrock, M Wiggins, M Shirk, JS Tai, HW Ranade, A Baer, E Hiltner, A AF Sandrock, M Wiggins, M Shirk, JS Tai, HW Ranade, A Baer, E Hiltner, A TI A widely tunable refractive index in a nanolayered photonic material SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-FIBER; WAVE-GUIDE; POLYMERS; MICRO AB A class of composite polymer films is described in which the refractive index can be varied by simple mechanical forces. The films are comprised of 1024 alternating layers of an elastomer and a glassy polymer. When the layer spacing is much less than the wavelength of the probe light, these materials behave as effective medium composites. The layer thickness of the elastomer component and thus the effective index of the composite can be varied by compressing the composite. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Sandrock, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sandrock@tantalus.nrl.navy.mil; shirk@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 3 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 18 BP 3621 EP 3623 DI 10.1063/1.1738513 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 815SR UT WOS:000221062500063 ER PT J AU Yin, HZ Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Shieh, SR Duffy, TS Sturm, JC AF Yin, HZ Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Shieh, SR Duffy, TS Sturm, JC TI High-germanium-content SiGe islands formed on compliant oxide by SiGe oxidation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GEXSI1-X LAYERS; BUFFER LAYERS; RELAXATION; STRAIN; KINETICS; MOSFETS AB The oxidation of Si1-xGex islands on a compliant viscous borophosphorosilicate glass (BPSG) was utilized to achieve nearly fully relaxed Si1-xGex with germanium content up to 57%. After Si1-xGex islands were formed on BPSG by layer transfer, dry oxidation was carried out to form pure silicon dioxide on the top and to increase germanium content in the Si1-xGex layer. Surface roughening and the nonuniformity of the enhanced germanium content during the SiGe oxidation were improved by depositing a silicon dioxide capping layer before oxidation. The strain arising from the increase of germanium content was relaxed by lateral expansion of the SiGe islands, showing that dislocations were not required in the process. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Ctr Photon & Optoelect Mat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Yin, HZ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Ctr Photon & Optoelect Mat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM hyin@princeton.edu RI Duffy, Thomas/C-9140-2017 OI Duffy, Thomas/0000-0002-5357-1259 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 3 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 18 BP 3624 EP 3626 DI 10.1063/1.1738514 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 815SR UT WOS:000221062500064 ER PT J AU Ferrando, WA AF Ferrando, WA TI Development of a novel composite aluminum anode SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE alkaline fuel cell; composite anode; aluminum/polymer anode; aluminum/air cell AB This paper presents a novel composite fabrication of aluminum anodes for use in moderate rate Al/Air cells in alkaline media. The polymer composite/particulate aluminum structure allows control of electrolyte contact with the aluminum surfaces during discharge. This ability could lead to improved deliverable energy density and allow the anode discharge characteristics, in some measure, to be tailored to need. A limited first round lab testing of these composite anodes has been carried out. Current capabilities were moderate, ranging up to about 2 mA/cm(2). Observed cell discharge potentials were mostly above I V. Delivered energy densities were generally comparable to those of planer anodes of comparable metal weight and alloy. It is of particular significance, however, that the discharge lifetimes of the composite anodes for certain formulations, on a per grain basis, were considerably longer than those of their planer counterparts. Further formulation optimization and fabrication uniformity should lead to improved energy density and lifetime. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Ferrando, WA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code 612, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM ferrandow@nsweed.navy.mil NR 3 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD MAY 3 PY 2004 VL 130 IS 1-2 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.11.036 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 814WW UT WOS:000221005800042 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR Parrish, D Zaveri, NT Jiang, FM AF Deschamps, JR Parrish, D Zaveri, NT Jiang, FM TI 1-[1-(trans-4-Isopropylcyclohexyl)piperidin-4-yl]indolin-2-one, one of a novel series of nociceptin receptor ligands SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The title compound, C22H32N2O, is a member of the family of nociceptin receptor ligands derived from N-(4-piperidinyl)-2-indolinones. Modifications of the piperidine N-substituent can produce both agonists and antagonists, with the title compound being a weak agonist. The molecule lies on a crystallographic mirror plane. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SRI Int, Biosci Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM deschamps@nrl.navy.mil OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD MAY PY 2004 VL 60 BP O791 EP O792 DI 10.1107/S1600536804008682 PN 5 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 817JW UT WOS:000221174800108 ER PT J AU Parrish, D Chen, WB Coop, A Deschamps, JR AF Parrish, D Chen, WB Coop, A Deschamps, JR TI 7 beta-Chloro-6,14-endo-etheno-6,7,8,14-tetrahydrothebaine SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID MORPHINE-THEBAINE GROUP; MOLECULAR REARRANGEMENTS; 6,14-ENDO-ETHENOTETRAHYDROTHEBAINE; DERIVATIVES; ANALGETICS AB In the crystal structure of the title compound, C21H24ClNO3, there are two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The compound is the product of a new procedure for preparing Diels-Alder adducts of thebaine with 7beta substituents. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM deschamps@nrl.navy.mil OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD MAY PY 2004 VL 60 BP O793 EP O794 DI 10.1107/S1600536804008670 PN 5 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 817JW UT WOS:000221174800109 ER PT J AU Schultz, WW AF Schultz, WW TI Materials for homeland security SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schultz, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 162 IS 5 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 820XR UT WOS:000221423700003 ER PT J AU Song, SJ Vinson, JR Crane, RM AF Song, SJ Vinson, JR Crane, RM TI Low-temperature effects on E-glass/urethane at high strain rates SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Vinson, JR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM vinson@me.udel.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1050 EP 1053 DI 10.2514/1.9598 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 821LS UT WOS:000221462700024 ER PT J AU Benton, MD AF Benton, MD TI The use of emergent lateral canthotomy to restore vision SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Letter C1 USN Hosp Pensacola, Dept Family Practice, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. RP Benton, MD (reprint author), USN Hosp Pensacola, Dept Family Practice, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 BP 2071 EP 2071 PG 1 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 819TP UT WOS:000221338800003 PM 15152953 ER PT J AU Stuart, BJ Viera, AJ AF Stuart, BJ Viera, AJ TI Polycythemia vera SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; MANAGEMENT; RECOMMENDATIONS; HEMATOLOGY AB Polycythemia vera is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by increased red blood, cell mass. The resultant hyperviscosity of the blood predisposes such patients to thrombosis. Polycythemia vera should be suspected in patients with elevated hemoglobin or hematocrit levels, splenomegaly, or portal venous thrombosis. Secondary causes of increased red blood cell mass (e.g., heavy smoking, chronic pulmonary disease, renal disease) are More common than polycythemia vera and must be excluded. Diagnosis is made using criteria developed by the Polycythemia Vera Study Group; major criteria include elevated red blood cell mass, normal oxygen saturation, and palpable splenomegaly. Untreated patients may survive for six to 18 months, whereas adequate treatment may extend life expectancy to more than 10 years. Treatment includes phlebotomy with the possible addition of myelosuppressive agents based on a risk-stratified approach. Agents under investigation include interferon alfa-2b, anagrelide, and aspirin. Consultation with a hematologist is recommended. Copyright(C) 2004 American Academy of Family Physicians. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Stuart, BJ (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL USA. EM stuartbj@2fssg.usmc.mil NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 BP 2139 EP 2144 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 819TP UT WOS:000221338800010 PM 15152961 ER PT J AU Arthur, DC AF Arthur, DC TI Emergency physicians in the United States Military SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. USN, Med Corps, Washington, DC USA. RP Arthur, DC (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 43 IS 5 BP 672 EP 672 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.01.012 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 816TG UT WOS:000221131600023 PM 15259156 ER PT J AU Wurmser, D AF Wurmser, D TI A parabolic equation for penetrable rough surfaces: using the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation to buffer density jumps SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE acoustics; parabolic equation; rough surfaces; virtual particles ID WAVE-EQUATION; SUBCRITICAL PENETRATION; SHALLOW-WATER; SEA-SURFACE; PROPAGATION; OCEAN; SCATTERING; BOTTOM; INTERFACE; MODEL AB The goal of this effort is to design a parabolic equation (PE) that can be fully integrated into modern rough surface scattering theory. The Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation is used to design a PE that addresses this challenge. The paradigm employed is based on a non-relativistic theory of the quantum Lamb shift, in which a parabolic equation (the Schrodinger equation) was used to model a field near a rough surface (the world line of the hydrogen nucleus advected by vacuum fluctuations). With the acoustic field serving as the prototypical classical field, the PE derived using the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation exploits higher-order boundary conditions to buffer density discontinuities in a manner precisely dictated by the formalism. This is significant because the techniques used in rough surface scattering theory ultimately rely on perturbation theory, conformal mappings, a local method of images, or some similar distortion of the range-independent problem. This type of distortion is not possible with techniques currently employed at a density jump, and so ad hoc rules have been used instead. The new PE allows interfaces where the density jumps (such as the ocean bottom) to be distorted into rough ones, and so it is fully compatible with rough surface scattering theory. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wurmser, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.wurmser@nrl.navy.mil NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 311 IS 1 BP 53 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.aop.2003.11.006 PG 28 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 813AC UT WOS:000220879000003 ER PT J AU Vora, GJ Meador, CE Stenger, DA Andreadis, JD AF Vora, GJ Meador, CE Stenger, DA Andreadis, JD TI Nucleic acid amplification strategies for DNA microarray-based pathogen detection SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; MULTIPLEX PCR; IDENTIFICATION; VIRULENCE; HYBRIDIZATION; ASSAY AB DNA microarray-based screening and diagnostic technologies have long promised comprehensive testing capabilities. However, the potential of these powerful tools has been limited by front-end target-specific nucleic acid amplification. Despite the sensitivity and specificity associated with PCR amplification, the inherent bias and limited throughput of this approach constrain the principal benefits of downstream microarray-based applications, especially for pathogen detection. To begin addressing alternative approaches, we investigated four front-end amplification strategies: random primed, isothermal Klenow fragment-based, phi29 DNA polymerase-based, and multiplex PCR. The utility of each amplification strategy was assessed by hybridizing amplicons to microarrays consisting of 70-mer oligonucleotide probes specific for entero hemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and by quantitating their sensitivities for the detection of O157:H7 in laboratory and environmental samples. Although nearly identical levels of hybridization specificity were achieved for each method, multiplex PCR was at least 3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than any individual random amplification approach. However, the use of Klenow-plus-Klenow and phi29 polymerase-plus-Klenow tandem random amplification strategies provided better sensitivities than multiplex PCR. In addition, amplification biases among the five genetic loci tested were 2- to 20-fold for the random approaches, in contrast to >4 orders of magnitude for multiplex PCR. The same random amplification strategies were also able to detect all five diagnostic targets in a spiked environmental water sample that contained a 63-fold excess of contaminating DNA. The results presented here underscore the feasibility of using random amplification approaches and begin to systematically address the versatility of these approaches for unbiased pathogen detection from environmental sources. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Vora, GJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gvora@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 125 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 70 IS 5 BP 3047 EP 3054 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.5.3047-3054.2004 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 819UD UT WOS:000221340400062 PM 15128566 ER PT J AU Flockhart, GMH Maier, RRJ Barton, JS MacPherson, WN Jones, JDC Chisholm, KE Zhang, L Bennion, I Read, I Foote, PD AF Flockhart, GMH Maier, RRJ Barton, JS MacPherson, WN Jones, JDC Chisholm, KE Zhang, L Bennion, I Read, I Foote, PD TI Quadratic behavior of fiber Bragg grating temperature coefficients SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID THERMOOPTICAL COEFFICIENTS; REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; SENSORS; STRAIN; DEPENDENCE; GLASSES; SILICA AB We describe the characterization of the temperature and strain responses of fiber Bragg grating sensors by use of an interferometric interrogation technique to provide an absolute measurement of the grating wavelength. The fiber Bragg grating temperature response was found to be nonlinear over the temperature range -70 degreesC to 80 degreesC. The nonlinearity was observed to be a quadratic function of temperature, arising from the linear dependence on temperature of the thermo-optic coefficient of silica glass over this range, and is in good agreement with a theoretical model. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Aston Univ, Photon Res Grp, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Div, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England. BAE Syst, Ctr Adv Technol, Bristol BS12 7QW, Avon, England. RP Flockhart, GMH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM j.s.barton@hw.ac.uk RI Flockhart, Gordon/B-9664-2009; Maier, Robert R J /C-9668-2012 OI Flockhart, Gordon/0000-0002-8777-7511; Maier, Robert R J /0000-0002-5739-128X NR 21 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 13 BP 2744 EP 2751 DI 10.1364/AO.43.002744 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 816EL UT WOS:000221093100016 PM 15130015 ER PT J AU Downes, RA Margon, B Anderson, SF Harris, HC Knapp, GR Schroeder, J Schneider, DP York, DG Pier, JR Brinkmann, J AF Downes, RA Margon, B Anderson, SF Harris, HC Knapp, GR Schroeder, J Schneider, DP York, DG Pier, JR Brinkmann, J TI Faint high-latitude carbon stars discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: An initial catalog SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; stars : carbon; stars : statistics; surveys ID HIGH GALACTIC LATITUDE; WHITE-DWARF COMPANION; DATA RELEASE; APM SURVEY; SYSTEM; HALO AB A search of more than 3000 deg(2) of high-latitude sky by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey has yielded 251 faint high-latitude carbon stars (FHLCs), the large majority previously uncataloged. We present homogeneous spectroscopy, photometry, and astrometry for the sample. The objects lie in the 15.6 0.1 m(2) g(-1) for lambda < 425 nm. The mass-specific scattering coefficient, b(p)*(lambda), ranges from about 0.8 to 1.5 m(2) g(-1) at blue and green wavelengths for the samples examined. The single scattering albedo, omega(0) increases with wavelength. For lambda > 400 nm, omega(0) was > 0.78 for the sample from Cheju Island and > 0.9 for other samples. In the near-infrared region (750-850 nm), where absorption by dust particles is small or undetectable, omega(0), was close to 1. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Stramski, D (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM stramski@mpl.ucsd.edu RI Flatau, Piotr/E-2219-2011 NR 30 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 49 IS 3 BP 749 EP 755 PG 7 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 869JQ UT WOS:000224979600014 ER PT J AU Padua, DA Marshall, SW Beutler, AI DeMaio, M Onate, JA Yu, B Guskiewicz, KM AF Padua, DA Marshall, SW Beutler, AI DeMaio, M Onate, JA Yu, B Guskiewicz, KM TI Sex comparison of jump landing kinematics and technique SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM dpadua@email.unc.edu NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 2366 BP S348 EP S348 DI 10.1097/00005768-200405001-01666 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188303366 ER PT J AU Thompson, KR McVey, E AF Thompson, KR McVey, E TI Efficacy of shock absorbing boots to reduce lower extremity injuries in female navy recruits SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. EM kerry.thompson@ndri.med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 1780 BP S261 EP S261 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188302375 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Bingert, JF AF Fonda, RW Bingert, JF TI Microstructural evolution in the heat-affected zone of a friction stir weld SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM; ALLOY AB The microstructure and crystallographic texture spanning the soft region at the thermomechanically affected zone/heat-affected zone (TMAZ/HAZ) boundary of a friction stir weld in 2519 Al were systematically investigated to determine their contributions to the properties of that region. The microstructure was shown to be the primary cause of softening at the TMAZ/HAZ boundary. During Welding, fine theta' precipitates responsible for much of the strength in this alloy coarsen and transform to the equilibrium theta phase in the HAZ and into the TMAZ, accounting for the observed softening through the HAZ region. The higher temperatures achieved in the TMAZ partially resolutionize the precipitates and allow the subsequent formation of Guinier-Preston (GP) zones during cooling. These two processes are responsible for the variation in microhardness observed in the TMAZ/HAZ region. Texture analyses revealed significant differences in the crystallographic texture across this region that were primarily due to macroscopic rigid-body rotations of the grains, but do not account for the observed softening. The effect of the observed microstructural evolutions on the friction stir welding (FSW) deformation field and on the fracture behavior of the weld are also discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fonda@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 17 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 35A IS 5 BP 1487 EP 1499 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0257-7 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 815OI UT WOS:000221051200007 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Hale, BR Judd, SE Lim, ML Wallace, MR AF Crum, NF Hale, BR Judd, SE Lim, ML Wallace, MR TI Case series of group A Streptococcus necrotizing fasciitis in military trainees SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME; PYOGENES INFECTION; RHEUMATIC-FEVER; UNITED-STATES; PROPHYLAXIS; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB We describe a case series of group A Streptococcus (GAS) necrotizing fasciitis occurring over a 10-week period in military recruits undergoing intense physical training. These cases highlight that GAS may cause life-threatening infections in addition to mild diseases such as pharyngitis. This series suggests that the incidence of severe GAS infections may be increasing in certain populations and it emphasizes the importance of considering prophylactic measures against GAS in high-risk populations. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfcrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 169 IS 5 BP 373 EP 375 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IU UT WOS:000235829600010 PM 15186002 ER PT J AU Etherton, BJ Bishop, CH AF Etherton, BJ Bishop, CH TI Resilience of hybrid ensemble/3DVAR analysis schemes to model error and ensemble covariance error SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; SEQUENTIAL DATA ASSIMILATION; QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL; PREDICTABILITY EXPERIMENTS; ANALYSIS SYSTEM; PART I; CIRCULATION; FORMULATION; PREDICTION AB Previous idealized numerical experiments have shown that a straightforward augmentation of an isotropic error correlation matrix with an ensemble-based error correlation matrix yields an improved data assimilation scheme under certain conditions. Those conditions are ( a) the forecast model is perfect and (b) the ensemble accurately samples the probability distribution function of forecast errors. Such schemes blend characteristics of ensemble Kalman filter analysis schemes with three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) analysis schemes and are called hybrid schemes. Here, we test the robustness of hybrid schemes to model error and ensemble inaccuracy in the context of a numerically simulated two-dimensional turbulent flow. The turbulence is produced by a doubly periodic barotropic vorticity equation model that is constantly relaxing to a barotropically unstable state. The types of forecast models considered include a perfect model, a model with a resolution error, and a model with a parameterization error. The ensemble generation schemes considered include the breeding scheme, the singular vector scheme, the perturbed observations system simulation scheme, a gridpoint noise scheme, and a scheme based on the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF). For all combinations examined, it is found that the hybrid schemes outperform the 3DVAR scheme. In the presence of model error a perturbed observations hybrid and a singular vector hybrid perform best, though the ETKF ensemble is competitive. C1 Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL 33152 USA. UCAR, Boulder, CO USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Etherton, BJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, 9201 Univ City Blvd,450 McEniry Bldg, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM betherto@uncc.edu RI Etherton, Brian/E-7419-2015 OI Etherton, Brian/0000-0002-2760-0095 NR 40 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 132 IS 5 BP 1065 EP 1080 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<1065:ROHDAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 817RS UT WOS:000221195200002 ER PT J AU Peng, MS Ridout, JA Hogan, TF AF Peng, MS Ridout, JA Hogan, TF TI Recent modifications of the emanuel convective scheme in the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CUMULUS CONVECTION; MOISTURE BUDGETS; CLOUD CLUSTERS; TOGA COARE; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; PACIFIC; HEAT; DETRAINMENT; SENSITIVITY AB The convective parameterization of Emanuel has been employed in the forecast model of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) since 2000, when it replaced a version of the relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme. Although in long-period data assimilation forecast tests the Emanuel scheme has been found to perform quite well in NOGAPS, particularly for tropical cyclones, some weaknesses have also become apparent. These weaknesses include underprediction of heavy-precipitation events, too much light precipitation, and unrealistic heating at upper levels. Recent research efforts have resulted in modifications of the scheme that are designed to reduce such problems. One change described here involves the partitioning of the cloud-base mass flux into mixing cloud mass flux at individual levels. The new treatment significantly reduces a heating anomaly near the tropopause that is associated with a large amount of mixing cloud mass flux ascribed to that region in the original Emanuel scheme. In another modification, the selection of the updraft source level is changed in a manner that takes into consideration the assumed connection between updraft mass flux and parcel buoyancy at cloud-base level in the Emanuel scheme. Test results suggest that the modified scheme may in some cases better represent precipitation during the middle and latter stages of convective events. The scheme has also been modified to eliminate cloud-top overshooting. The parameterization changes are supported in part by diagnostic tests, including semiprognostic model tests using observed data and single-column model tests using cloud-resolving-scale simulation data. The modifications showed significant positive impacts in forecast experiments over the original designs and have been implemented into the operational NOGAPS. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Code 7532,7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM peng@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 40 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 132 IS 5 BP 1254 EP 1268 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<1254:RMOTEC>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 817RS UT WOS:000221195200013 ER PT J AU Blum, AS Soto, CM Wilson, CD Cole, JD Kim, M Gnade, B Chatterji, A Ochoa, WF Lin, TW Johnson, JE Ratna, BR AF Blum, AS Soto, CM Wilson, CD Cole, JD Kim, M Gnade, B Chatterji, A Ochoa, WF Lin, TW Johnson, JE Ratna, BR TI Cowpea mosaic virus as a scaffold for 3-D patterning of gold nanoparticles SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; PARTICLES; DNA; MULTILAYERS; CLUSTERS AB Different mutants of Cowpea Mosaic Virus (CPMV) have been used as scaffolds to bind 2 and 5 nm gold nanoparticles through gold-sulfur bond formation at specific locations on the virus to produce patterns of specific interparticle distances. TEM images confirm that the bound gold particles produce patterns of gold nanoparticles that correlate well with models built from the known locations of the inserted cysteine groups on the capsid. These results demonstrate that it is possible to use CPMV mutants as nanoscale scaffolds to place gold nanoparticles at fixed interparticle distances. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Biol Mol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Blum, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM amyblum@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Gnade, Bruce/C-2327-2008; Kim, Moon/A-2297-2010 NR 17 TC 147 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 4 IS 5 BP 867 EP 870 DI 10.1021/nl0497474 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 820SQ UT WOS:000221410000021 ER PT J AU Bleiberg, J Cernich, AN Cameron, K Sun, WY Peck, K Ecklund, J Reeves, D Uhorchak, J Sparling, MB Warden, DL AF Bleiberg, J Cernich, AN Cameron, K Sun, WY Peck, K Ecklund, J Reeves, D Uhorchak, J Sparling, MB Warden, DL TI Duration of cognitive impairment after sports concussion SO NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article ID MILD BRAIN-INJURY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST-PERFORMANCE; HEAD-INJURY; FOOTBALL PLAYERS; ATTENTION DEFICITS; RECOVERY; EFFICIENCY; MIGRAINE; PROTOCOL; INDEXES AB OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the duration of cognitive impairment after sports concussion. METHODS: We conducted a study with a prospective design in which 729 athletes underwent preseason baseline testing by being administered a computerized neuropsychological test battery, followed by retesting at regular intervals after they sustained sports-related concussions. A control group consisting of nonconcussed athletes drawn from the same baseline population underwent testing at parallel intervals. RESULTS: Cognitive impairment in this primarily American Academy of Neurology Grade 11 sample of boxing concussions was apparent on the day of injury and at I to 2 days postinjury. Recovery of cognitive performance occurred during the 3- to 7-day interval. Comparison with control subjects showed that absent or attenuated practice effects, in addition to frank deterioration from baseline, were indications of recent concussion. CONCLUSION: The present findings of recovery during the 3- to 7-day interval postinjury are consistent with the American Academy of Neurology Grade 11 return-to-play practice parameters suggesting a I-week time-out from participation in contact sports. C1 Natl Rehabil Hosp, Washington, DC 20010 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Hosp, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Washington, DC USA. USN, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Bleiberg, J (reprint author), Natl Rehabil Hosp, 102 N Irving St,NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM joseph.bleiberg@medstar.net OI Cameron, Kenneth/0000-0002-6276-4482 NR 36 TC 161 Z9 163 U1 0 U2 22 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-396X J9 NEUROSURGERY JI Neurosurgery PD MAY PY 2004 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1073 EP 1078 DI 10.1227/01.NEU.0000118820.33396.6A PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 819JA UT WOS:000221310000018 PM 15113460 ER PT J AU Glazebrook, K Washburn, A AF Glazebrook, K Washburn, A TI Shoot-look-shoot: A review and extension SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE decision analysis; sequential; dynamic programming/optimal control; Markov finite state; Markov infinite state; military; targeting; probability; Markov processes; stochastic model applications ID MARKOV DECISION-PROCESSES; INFORMATION; ALGORITHMS AB We consider the optimal use of information in shooting at a collection of targets, generally with the object of maximizing the average number (or value) of targets killed. The shooting problem is viewed as a Markov decision process, and the modal solution technique is stochastic dynamic programming. Information obtained about target status may or may not be perfect, and there may or may not be constraints on the number of shots. Previous results are reviewed, and some new results are obtained. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Sch Management, Edinburgh EH8 9JY, Midlothian, Scotland. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Glazebrook, K (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Management, Edinburgh EH8 9JY, Midlothian, Scotland. EM kevin.glazebrook@ed.ac.uk; washburn@nps.navy.mil NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 3 BP 454 EP 463 DI 10.1287/opre.1030.0086 PG 10 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 828KS UT WOS:000221972800009 ER PT J AU Fatemi, FK Lou, JW Carruthers, TF AF Fatemi, FK Lou, JW Carruthers, TF TI Frequency comb linewidth of an actively mode-locked fiber laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE AB We report what is to our knowledge the first measurement of the linewidth of the frequency comb lines of a mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser. By propagating the output pulses through fiber as long as 1000 km in a modified self-heterodyne arrangement, we have measured the effective linewidth of the comb lines to be less than 12 kHz on a 5-ms time scale; the width is due primarily to frequency jitter from environmental fluctuations. Deconvolution of the spectral line shapes by use of Voigt analysis yields an upper limit of the intrinsic Lorentzian width of 3 kHz. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fatemi, FK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ffatemi@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 9 BP 944 EP 946 DI 10.1364/OL.29.000944 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 815AW UT WOS:000221016200010 PM 15143635 ER PT J AU Haegen, TW Hunsaker, DH AF Haegen, TW Hunsaker, DH TI Teleotolaryngology: A retrospective review at a military tertiary treatment facility SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID TELEMEDICINE APPLICATIONS; OTOLARYNGOLOGY; CONSULTATIONS AB OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: The use of real-time telemedicine in providing quality health-care in multiple specialties has been demonstrated in several small studies; however, a review of the literature reveals no large-scale prospective or retrospective telemedicine studies in otolaryngology. The telemedicine office at Naval Medical Center San Diego (NMCSD) acquired a large otolaryngology telemedicine patient database, and this study reviews the otolaryngology telemedicine experience at NMCSD over an 18-month period. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective and reviewed new patient consults for the NMCSD otolaryngology telemedicine clinic from April 1, 2001, until November 6, 2002. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 883 patients received new patient evaluations. Of 883 patients, 568 (64.3%) received a preliminary diagnosis and were treated accordingly. Telemedicine resulted in the avoidance of 22.7% consults. Only 115 (13.0%) of 883 patients required traditional face-to-face otolaryngology consultation. In addition, only 30 (4.3%) of 705 patients who underwent flexible nasopharyngoscopy, otomicroscopy, or nasal endoscopy received incomplete examinations. CONCLUSIONS. Our study demonstrates the ability of telemedicine to function in an general otolaryngology setting. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Dept Surg Serv, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Haegen, TW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Dept Surg Serv, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM twhaegen@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 130 IS 5 BP 511 EP 518 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2004.01.010 PG 8 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 820TG UT WOS:000221411600001 PM 15138414 ER PT J AU Halilov, SV Fornari, M Singh, DJ AF Halilov, SV Fornari, M Singh, DJ TI Lattice instabilities and ferroelectricity in AScO(3) perovskite alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SOLID-SOLUTION; PHASE; PBTIO3; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; ORIGIN; PIEZOELECTRICITY; DYNAMICS; PBZRO3; BATIO3 AB The structural properties and lattice instabilities of perovskites in the (Th,Pb,Bi,Y)ScO3 system are investigated by first-principles density-functional calculations with the linearized augmented plane-wave method. In all cases, Th is found to be tetravalent on the perovskite A site. The electronic structures have substantial Sc-O hybridization, as well as both Pb-O covalency, as is common in Pb based transition-metal perovskites, and significant hybridization of nominally unoccupied Th p and d states with O p states. The calculations show that the ideal cubic perovskite structure is highly unstable in (Th,Pb)ScO3. The dominant instability is against rotation of the ScO6 octahedra, as is common in perovskites with small A-site cations as defined by the perovskite tolerance factor. However, there are also substantial, though weaker, instabilities against ferroelectric distortions. These are characterized by large shifts of the A-site ions against the surrounding O, especially for the Th. The tetragonal ferroelectric state is favored over a rhombohedral state, and in addition a large tetragonal c/a ratio is found. At least for a particular ordering of the A-site ions we find that the ferroelectric and rotational distortions coexist, yielding a monoclinic symmetry ferroelectric ground state with rotated octahedra and a large Th off-centering. Calculations are also reported for BiScO3 and YScO3 in the perovskite structure. Considering only ferroelectric instabilities, these compounds show somewhat different anisotropies but both favor large c/a ratios when tetragonal. The instability against rotation of the ScO6 octahedra is similar in energy to the ferroelectric instability in BiScO3 and substantially stronger than the ferroelectric instability in YScO3. Trends in the lattice instabilities of AScO(3) perovskites are discussed in terms of these results. Of the systems considered, the most likely to show a piezoelectrically active morphotropic phase boundary is Th(1-x)/2BixPb(1-x)/2ScO3. Implications for practical piezoelectric materials are discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RP USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Fornari, Marco/C-8848-2012; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 OI Fornari, Marco/0000-0001-6527-8511; NR 41 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 17 AR 174107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.174107 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 827NP UT WOS:000221907200024 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Mazin, II Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Electronic structure and superconductivity of CaAlSi and SrAlSi SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We report full-potential linear augmented plane-wave calculations for CaAlSi and SrAlSi in ordered structures and in the virtual-crystal approximation, at normal and elevated pressures. We also estimate the electron-phonon coupling using frozen-phonon calculations at the zone center, and the rigid muffin-tin approximation. We conclude that there is no simple way to explain the recently reported qualitative disparity in the superconducting properties of the two compounds. An assumption of an ultrasoft phonon mode, on the other hand, allows to reconcile the experimental findings with the theory in a reasonable way. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6390,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 13 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 18 AR 180512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.180512 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 830BB UT WOS:000222095500020 ER PT J AU Stadermann, M Papadakis, SJ Falvo, MR Novak, J Snow, E Fu, Q Liu, J Fridman, Y Boland, JJ Superfine, R Washburn, S AF Stadermann, M Papadakis, SJ Falvo, MR Novak, J Snow, E Fu, Q Liu, J Fridman, Y Boland, JJ Superfine, R Washburn, S TI Nanoscale study of conduction through carbon nanotube networks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE AB We present local conductance measurements of carbon nanotube networks with nanometer scale resolution and show that there are discrete drops in conductance that correspond to junctions of metallic nanotubes and semiconducting nanotubes. The anomalies of these networks compared to thin films are shown, and a new method of discerning between semiconducting and metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes is demonstrated. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Appl & Mat Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. USN, Res Lab, Nanostruct Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Duke Univ, Gross Chem Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Comp Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Chem, Dublin 2, Ireland. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Stadermann, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM staderma@email.unc.edu RI Stadermann, Michael /A-5936-2012; Superfine, Richard/A-1968-2012; Liu, Jie/B-4440-2010 OI Stadermann, Michael /0000-0001-8920-3581; Liu, Jie/0000-0003-0451-6111 NR 12 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 5 U2 54 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 20 AR 201402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.201402 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 830BD UT WOS:000222095700016 ER PT J AU Wu, ZG Singh, DJ Cohen, RE AF Wu, ZG Singh, DJ Cohen, RE TI Electronic structure of calcium hexaboride within the weighted density approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE BAND-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; PARASITIC FERROMAGNETISM; FERMI-SURFACE; EXCHANGE; GAS; MOLECULES; SOLIDS; ATOMS; SEMICONDUCTORS AB We report calculations of the electronic structure of CaB6 using the weighted density approximation (WDA) to density-functional theory. We find a semiconducting band structure with a sizable gap, in contrast to local-density approximation (LDA) results, but in accord with recent experimental data. In particular, we find an X-point band gap of 0.8 eV. The WDA correction of the LDA error in describing the electronic structure of CaB6 is discussed in terms of the orbital character of the bands and the better cancellation of self-interactions within the WDA. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wu, ZG (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RI Cohen, Ronald/B-3784-2010; Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Wu, Zhigang/K-2554-2014 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-5871-2359; Wu, Zhigang/0000-0001-8959-2345 NR 47 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 19 AR 193105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.193105 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 828GL UT WOS:000221961700005 ER PT J AU Tegmark, M Strauss, MA Blanton, MR Abazajian, K Dodelson, S Sandvik, H Wang, XM Weinberg, DH Zehavi, I Bahcall, NA Hoyle, F Schlegel, D Scoccimarro, R Vogeley, MS Berlind, A Budavari, T Connolly, A Eisenstein, DJ Finkbeiner, D Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hui, L Jain, B Johnston, D Kent, S Lin, H Nakajima, R Nichol, RC Ostriker, JP Pope, A Scranton, R Seljak, U Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Xu, YZ Annis, J Brinkmann, J Burles, S Castander, FJ Csabai, I Loveday, J Doi, M Fukugita, M Gillespie, B Hennessy, G Hogg, DW Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Kunszt, P Munn, JA O'Connell, L Peoples, J Pier, JR Richmond, M Rockosi, C Schneider, DP Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Vanden Berk, DE Yanny, B York, DG AF Tegmark, M Strauss, MA Blanton, MR Abazajian, K Dodelson, S Sandvik, H Wang, XM Weinberg, DH Zehavi, I Bahcall, NA Hoyle, F Schlegel, D Scoccimarro, R Vogeley, MS Berlind, A Budavari, T Connolly, A Eisenstein, DJ Finkbeiner, D Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hui, L Jain, B Johnston, D Kent, S Lin, H Nakajima, R Nichol, RC Ostriker, JP Pope, A Scranton, R Seljak, U Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Xu, YZ Annis, J Brinkmann, J Burles, S Castander, FJ Csabai, I Loveday, J Doi, M Fukugita, M Gillespie, B Hennessy, G Hogg, DW Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Kunszt, P Munn, JA O'Connell, L Peoples, J Pier, JR Richmond, M Rockosi, C Schneider, DP Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Vanden Berk, DE Yanny, B York, DG TI Cosmological parameters from SDSS and WMAP SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE; ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; COSMIC SHEAR; PRIMORDIAL NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTION AB We measure cosmological parameters using the three-dimensional power spectrum P(k) from over 200 000 galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) in combination with Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and other data. Our results are consistent with a "vanilla" flat adiabatic cold dark matter model with a cosmological constant without tilt (n(s)=1), running tilt, tensor modes, or massive neutrinos. Adding SDSS information more than halves the WMAP-only error bars on some parameters, tightening 1sigma constraints on the Hubble parameter from happroximate to0.74(-0.07)(+0.18) to happroximate to0.70(-0.03)(+0.04), on the matter density from Omega(m)approximate to0.25+/-0.10 to Omega(m)approximate to0.30+/-0.04 (1sigma) and on neutrino masses from <11 to <0.6 eV (95%). SDSS helps even more when dropping prior assumptions about curvature, neutrinos, tensor modes and the equation of state. Our results are in substantial agreement with the joint analysis of WMAP and the Two Degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey, which is an impressive consistency check with independent redshift survey data and analysis techniques. In this paper, we place particular emphasis on clarifying the physical origin of the constraints, i.e., what we do and do not know when using different data sets and prior assumptions. For instance, dropping the assumption that space is perfectly flat, the WMAP-only constraint on the measured age of the Universe tightens from t(0)approximate to16.3(-1.8)(+2.3) Gyr to t(0)approximate to14.1(-0.9)(+1.0) Gyr by adding SDSS and SN Ia data. Including tensors, running tilt, neutrino mass and equation of state in the list of free parameters, many constraints are still quite weak, but future cosmological measurements from SDSS and other sources should allow these to be substantially tightened. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 170 TC 2249 Z9 2259 U1 7 U2 47 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 103501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.103501 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 830BI UT WOS:000222096200016 ER PT J AU Bates, JW AF Bates, JW TI Initial-value-problem solution for isolated rippled shock fronts in arbitrary fluid media SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LASER-ABLATION; STABILITY; WAVES; FUSION; DRIVEN AB Following the work of Roberts [Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Report No. LA-299, 1945 (unpublished)], we investigate the effect of small two-dimensional perturbations on an isolated, planar shock front moving steadily through an inviscid fluid medium with an arbitrary equation of state (EOS). In the context of an initial-value problem, we derive explicit analytical expressions for the linearized, time-dependent Fourier coefficients associated with an initial corrugation of the front. The temporal evolution of these coefficients superficially resembles the attenuated "ringing" of a damped harmonic oscillator, but with the important distinctions that the frequency of oscillation is not constant, and that the damping factor is not simply an exponential function of time t. It is shown that at least two three-parameter families of stable solutions exist, one more strongly damped than the other. In both cases, we find that the envelope of oscillations decays asymptotically as t(-3/2), with shorter wavelengths dying out earlier than longer ones. For a particular perturbed-shock system, the strength of the front and the EOS properties of the material through which it propagates determine the applicable family of solutions. Theoretical predictions agree well with FAST2D numerical simulations for several examples derived from the CALEOS library. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bates, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bates@this.nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 056313 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.056313 PN 2 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 826EZ UT WOS:000221813400070 PM 15244938 ER PT J AU Hensel-Bielowka, S Pawlus, S Roland, CM Ziolo, J Paluch, M AF Hensel-Bielowka, S Pawlus, S Roland, CM Ziolo, J Paluch, M TI Effect of large hydrostatic pressure on the dielectric loss spectrum of type-A glass formers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; SECONDARY RELAXATION; ALPHA-RELAXATION; BETA-RELAXATION; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION; EVOLUTION; SORBITOL AB New dielectric spectroscopy results are reported for propylene carbonate (PC), glycerol, and threitol, measured at very high (1.8 GPa) pressure. These glass formers all exhibit an excess wing in their dielectric spectrum above T(g). We show that the shape of the alpha peak and excess wing of PC are invariant to pressure and temperature, when compared at a fixed value of the alpha-relaxation time. However, for the hydrogen-bonded liquids, there is a marked breakdown of this temperature-pressure superpositioning, due to a change in chemical structure (i.e., concentration of hydrogen bonds) with change of temperature or pressure. For all these materials, we can conclude that the excess wing is merely a secondary relaxation, masked under ordinary conditions by the intense, overlapping alpha peak. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hensel-Bielowka, S (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 050501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.050501 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 826EW UT WOS:000221813100003 PM 15244799 ER PT J AU Miklosovic, DS Murray, MM Howle, LE Fish, FE AF Miklosovic, DS Murray, MM Howle, LE Fish, FE TI Leading-edge tubercles delay stall on humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) flippers SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Letter AB The humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is exceptional among the baleen whales in its ability to undertake acrobatic underwater maneuvers to catch prey. In order to execute these banking and turning maneuvers, humpback whales utilize extremely mobile flippers. The humpback whale flipper is unique because of the presence of large protuberances or tubercles located on the leading edge which gives this surface a scalloped appearance. We show, through wind tunnel measurements, that the addition of leading-edge tubercles to a scale model of an idealized humpback whale flipper delays the stall angle by approximately 40%, while increasing lift and decreasing drag. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Nonlinear & Complex Syst, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. W Chester Univ, Dept Biol, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. RP Howle, LE (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM laurens.howle@duke.edu NR 10 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAY PY 2004 VL 16 IS 5 BP L39 EP L42 DI 10.1063/1.1688341 PG 4 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 812IG UT WOS:000220832600003 ER PT J AU Amatucci, WE Walker, DN Gatling, G Scime, EE AF Amatucci, WE Walker, DN Gatling, G Scime, EE TI Direct observation of microparticle gyromotion in a magnetized direct current glow discharge dusty plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; ELECTRONS; GRAINS; CHARGE AB Laboratory observations of oscillatory motion of charged microparticles have been made in an argon dc glow discharge plasma created within a strong dc magnetic field. Measurements of the oscillation frequency and amplitude are consistent with the gyromotion of magnetized dust grains under the ambient plasma conditions. The measurements provide an effective method for the noninvasive determination of the charge on the observed microparticles. The observations also seem to indicate that the neutral drag force on the dust grains may be smaller than anticipated from the classical estimation. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Adv Technol Div, Largo, MD 20774 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Amatucci, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2097 EP 2105 DI 10.1063/1.1669396 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600046 ER PT J AU Doron, R Arad, R Tsigutkin, K Osin, D Weingarten, A Starobinets, A Bernshtam, VA Stambulchik, E Ralchenko, YV Maron, Y Fruchtman, A Fisher, A Huba, JD Roth, M AF Doron, R Arad, R Tsigutkin, K Osin, D Weingarten, A Starobinets, A Bernshtam, VA Stambulchik, E Ralchenko, YV Maron, Y Fruchtman, A Fisher, A Huba, JD Roth, M TI Plasma dynamics in pulsed strong magnetic fields SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID EROSION OPENING SWITCH; SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS; CONDUCTION PHASE; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PINCH PLASMA; DENSITY; PENETRATION; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS AB Recent investigations of the interaction of fast-rising magnetic fields with multi-species plasmas at densities of 10(13)-10(15) cm(-3) are described. The configurations studied are planar or coaxial interelectrode gaps pre-filled with plasmas, known as plasma opening switches. The diagnostics are based on time-dependent, spatially resolved spectroscopic observations. Three-dimensional spatial resolution is obtained by plasma-doping techniques. The measurements include the propagating magnetic field structure, ion velocity distributions, electric field strengths, and non-Maxwellian electron energy distribution across the magnetic field front. It is found that the magnetic field propagation velocity is faster than expected from diffusion. The magnetic field evolution cannot be explained by the available theoretical treatments based on the Hall field (that could, in principle, explain the fast field propagation). Moreover, detailed observations reveal that magnetic field penetration and plasma reflection occur simultaneously, leading to ion-species separation, which is also not predicted by the available theories. A possible mechanism that is based on the formation of small-scale density fluctuations, previously formulated for astrophysical plasmas, may explain these results. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Holon Acad Inst Technol, IL-58102 Holon, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Doron, R (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM rdoron@wisemail.weizmann.ac.il RI Stambulchik, Evgeny/K-1816-2012; Doron, Ramy/I-2064-2013; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Stambulchik, Evgeny/0000-0002-7100-8793; Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 46 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2411 EP 2418 DI 10.1063/1.1651491 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600080 ER PT J AU Stevenson, RM Suter, LJ Oades, K Kruer, W Slark, GE Fournier, KB Meezan, N Kauffman, R Miller, M Glenzer, S Niemann, C Grun, J Davis, J Back, C Thomas, B AF Stevenson, RM Suter, LJ Oades, K Kruer, W Slark, GE Fournier, KB Meezan, N Kauffman, R Miller, M Glenzer, S Niemann, C Grun, J Davis, J Back, C Thomas, B TI Effects of plasma composition on backscatter, hot electron production, and propagation in underdense plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; ION WAVES; LASER; TARGETS; BRILLOUIN; DESIGN; DECAY AB A series of underdense laser plasma interaction experiments performed on the Helen laser [M. J. Norman , Appl. Opt. 41, 3497 (2002)] at the Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE), U.K., using 2omega light have uncovered a strong dependence of laser backscatter and hot electron production on plasma composition. Using low-Z materials, we find a behavior familiar from previous 3omega work, the interchange of stimulated Raman scattering for Brillouin scattering as we change from gases that have high ion wave damping (e.g., C5H12) to gases with low ion wave damping (e.g., CO2). However, as Z is increased, we find that Brillouin scattering drops while Raman scattering remains low. For gases with Z greater than 18, it is possible to have long scalelength, underdense plasmas with both low Brillouin and Raman backscatter losses. Complementary measurements of hot electron production show efficient production of hot electrons in C5H12 plasmas approaching 0.25n(cr), but changing the plasma composition can greatly suppress the hot electron production, even near 0.25n(cr). Additional experiments indicate that by adding small amounts of high Z dopant, significant changes to the backscatter and hot electron production in C5H12 targets may be produced. C1 Atom Weapons Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Alme & Associates, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Stevenson, RM (reprint author), Atom Weapons Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2709 EP 2715 DI 10.1063/1.1651490 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600115 ER PT J AU Schmitt, AJ Colombant, DG Velikovich, AL Zalesak, ST Gardner, JH Fyfe, DE Metzler, N AF Schmitt, AJ Colombant, DG Velikovich, AL Zalesak, ST Gardner, JH Fyfe, DE Metzler, N TI Large-scale high-resolution simulations of high gain direct-drive inertial confinement fusion targets SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY; PLANAR LASER TARGETS; IMPLOSION EXPERIMENTS; PERTURBATION GROWTH; NOVA; SATURATION; CAPSULES; FEEDOUT; IMPRINT AB Targets have been designed that produce moderate to high gain when directly driven by lasers. The intrinsic sensitivity of these targets to hydro instabilities is found using the FAST(2D) multidimensional radiation hydrocode [J. H. Gardner, A. J. Schmitt, J. P. Dahlburg , Phys. Plasmas 5, 1935 (1998)], which simulates the simultaneous behavior of a large bandwidth (e.g., l=2-256) of perturbations from compression to acceleration, and then to stagnation and burn. The development of the structure in these multimode simulations is benchmarked to theoretical analysis and single-mode calculations, which reveals the need to "renormalize" the simulation after compression. The simulations predict that a direct drive point design is expected to degrade significantly from its one-dimensional clean yield, yet still ignite and give appreciable gain. Simulations of high-gain pellets using a spike prepulse to inhibit Richtmyer-Meshkov growth show a considerable robustness, with high (>100) gains possible even with nominal surface finishes and laser imprint. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, LCP, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, FD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SAIC, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Schmitt, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM andrew.schmitt@nrl.navy.mil RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 31 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2716 EP 2722 DI 10.1063/1.1667485 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600116 ER PT J AU Manheimer, WM Fliflet, AW Linde, GJ Cheung, WJ Gregers-Hansen, V Ngo, MT Danly, BG AF Manheimer, WM Fliflet, AW Linde, GJ Cheung, WJ Gregers-Hansen, V Ngo, MT Danly, BG TI The structure of turbulence in clouds measured by a high power 94 GHz radar SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID GYROKLYSTRON AMPLIFIER; GYROTRON AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has recently developed a 3-10 kW average, 80 kW peak power 94 GHz radar with scanning capability, WARLOC (W Band Advanced Radar for Low Observable Control). This radar is powered by a gyroklystron developed by a team led by NRL. One application has been to image clouds. New capabilities of WARLOC include imaging with greatly improved sensitivity and detail as well as the ability to detect much lower cloud returns. At short scale lengths (similar to10 m), the cloud reflectivity has a speckle pattern indicating that it is governed at least in part by stochastic processes. Here WARLOC is used to measure correlation functions and turbulence spectra in clouds. In the inertial range, the Kolmogorov prediction for the correlation function index (2/3) agrees well with the data, but the assumption of isotropy does not. Furthermore, for longer scale lengths, the fluctuations appear to be wave like in the vertical direction, but not in the horizontal direction. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Manheimer, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2852 EP 2856 DI 10.1063/1.1646159 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600133 ER PT J AU Penano, JR Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Ting, A Gordon, DF Kapetanakos, CA AF Penano, JR Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Ting, A Gordon, DF Kapetanakos, CA TI Propagation of ultra-short, intense laser pulses in air SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID DYNAMIC SPATIAL REPLENISHMENT; LIGHT CONTINUUM GENERATION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PLASMA CHANNEL; MOVING FOCUS; IONIZATION; BEAMS; FILAMENTATION; DEPENDENCE; GASES AB Recent theoretical, computational, and experimental work carried out at the Naval Research Laboratory on the propagation of ultra-short laser pulses in air is presented. Fully time-dependent, three-dimensional, nonlinear equations describing the propagation of laser pulses in air under the influence of diffraction, group velocity dispersion, Kerr nonlinearity, stimulated Raman scattering, ionization, and plasma wakefield excitation are presented and analyzed. The propagation code, HELCAP [P. Sprangle, J. R. Penano, and B. Hafizi, Phys. Rev. E 66, 046418 (2002)], is used to simulate the propagation of laser pulses in air under the influence of the physical processes mentioned above. Simulations of laser filamentation together with experimental measurements are used to confirm that the filamentation process is dependent on pulse duration. An equilibrium configuration for optical and plasma filaments in air is derived and the dynamic guiding and spectral broadening of a laser pulse is modeled. The effect of atmospheric turbulence on nonlinear self-focusing is demonstrated. Simulations of a recent electromagnetic pulse (EMP) generation experiment are also presented and the efficiency of EMP generation is determined and found to be extremely small. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Penano, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 60 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2865 EP 2874 DI 10.1063/1.1648020 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600135 ER PT J AU Weber, BV Commisso, RJ Cooperstein, G Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Ottinger, PF Ponce, DM Schumer, JW Stephanakis, SJ Strasburg, SD Swanekamp, SB Young, FC AF Weber, BV Commisso, RJ Cooperstein, G Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Ottinger, PF Ponce, DM Schumer, JW Stephanakis, SJ Strasburg, SD Swanekamp, SB Young, FC TI Ultra-high electron beam power and energy densities using a plasma-filled rod-pinch diode SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID OPENING SWITCH; RADIOGRAPHY SOURCE; FIELD-PENETRATION; OPERATION; TRANSPORT; FUSION; MV AB The plasma-filled rod-pinch diode is a new technique to concentrate an intense electron beam to high power and energy density. Current from a pulsed power generator (typically similar toMV, MA, 100 ns pulse duration) flows through the injected plasma, which short-circuits the diode for 10-70 ns, then the impedance increases and a large fraction of the similar toMeV electron-beam energy is deposited at the tip of a 1 mm diameter, tapered rod anode, producing a small (sub-mm diameter), intense x-ray source. The current and voltage parameters imply 20-150 mum effective anode-cathode gaps at the time of maximum radiation, much smaller gaps than can be used between metal electrodes without premature shorting. Interferometric diagnostics indicate that the current initially sweeps up plasma in a snowplow-like manner, convecting current toward the rod tip. The density distribution is more diffuse at the time of beam formation with a low-density region near the rod surface where gap formation could occur. Particle simulations of the beam formation phase are dominated by rapid field penetration along the anode and radial JxB forces leading to gap formation and high-energy beam propagation to the rod tip. Beam deposition at the rod tip produces a high thermal energy-density (similar to0.75 MJ/cm(3)), highly ionized (Zsimilar to10, Tsimilar to25 eV) expanding tungsten plasma. Potential applications of this technique include improved radiography sources, high-energy-density plasma generation, and intense 10-100 keV x-ray production for nuclear-weapon-effects testing. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weber, BV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM weber@suzie.nrl.navy.mil RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 35 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2916 EP 2927 DI 10.1063/1.1683564 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600141 ER PT J AU Collis, SS Joslin, RD Seifert, A Theofilis, V AF Collis, SS Joslin, RD Seifert, A Theofilis, V TI Issues in active flow control: theory, control, simulation, and experiment SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID TURBULENT CHANNEL FLOW; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SPATIALLY DEVELOPING FLOWS; PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; VARIATIONAL MULTISCALE METHOD; BOUNDARY-LAYER-TRANSITION; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; HIGH REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; NEAR-WALL TURBULENCE; COHERENT STRUCTURES AB The goal of this paper is to provide a perspective on the current status and future directions for active flow-control technology with particular emphasis on oscillatory control. This is not a comprehensive review of the literature; rather, certain issues that are often neglected in studies are highlighted showing their importance or impact on the reported observations and targeted outcomes. Feasible routes using flow instability as an efficiency enhancement tool are discussed as an emerging means to explain the physical phenomena of active flow-control and as a tool for control law design and development. Traditional and more recent theoretical approaches to control design are discussed and recommendations are made relevant to numerical complications on the route to design oscillatory flow-control systems. A generic flow control process is put forward and illustrated using experimental examples. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Politecn Madrid, Escuela Tecn Super, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Seifert, A (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM seifert@eng.tau.ac.il RI Theofilis, Vassilis/B-6207-2009 OI Theofilis, Vassilis/0000-0002-7720-3434 NR 219 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 5 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PD MAY-JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4-5 BP 237 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.paerosci.2004.06.001 PG 53 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 854SW UT WOS:000223924600002 ER PT J AU Holt, WH Mock, W AF Holt, WH Mock, W TI Gas-gun reverse-ballistic technique for multiple-particle impacts SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB A reverse-ballistic impact technique is described for multiple impacts of macroscopic particles on a disk of material. The disk is accelerated in a sabot. The spatial and temporal separation of the particles can be controlled by the relative positions of the particles in a frangible mechanical support. Example results for closely spaced simultaneous impacts of multiple steel spheres with steel disks show synergistic effects in the perforation response of the disks. A hollow sabot design permits the sabot to move past the disk and spheres after impact, to minimize the influence of the sabot on the perforation process. Experiments have been performed at speeds up to 970 m/s. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, NSWCDD, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Holt, WH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, NSWCDD, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM wholt@nswc.navy.mil NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1248 EP 1250 DI 10.1063/1.1710694 PN 1 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BD UT WOS:000221872300011 ER PT J AU Tumey, SJ Mignerey, AC Grabowski, KS Knies, DL Leonhardt, D AF Tumey, SJ Mignerey, AC Grabowski, KS Knies, DL Leonhardt, D TI Development of a compact cesium-seeded magnetically confined plasma ion source for accelerator mass spectrometry SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res AB A gas-fed negative ion source for use in an accelerator mass spectrometry system has been built at the United States Naval Research Laboratory. This ion source is a filament driven plasma ion source using a multicusp magnet arrangement for plasma confinement. Our specific design was assisted by modeling using the SIMION code to optimize beam extraction optics. In addition to the ion source modeling, preliminary characterization of the plasma behavior was performed, which showed the typical and expected order of magnitude increase in collected plasma current when a multicusp magnetic arrangement is employed versus the case with no magnets. Future work will involve implementing a Langmuir probe for more detailed characterization of the plasma, investigation of the effects of using a symmetric rather than a multicusp magnet arrangement, and ultimately the extraction and characterization of ion beams from the source. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tumey, SJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM stumey@wam.umd.edu RI Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011; OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1910 EP 1912 DI 10.1063/1.1702119 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500158 ER PT J AU Anderson, ML Mott, PH Roland, CM AF Anderson, ML Mott, PH Roland, CM TI The compression of bonded rubber disks SO RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TENSILE RETRACTION MEASUREMENTS; FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; NATURAL-RUBBER; ELASTOMERIC STOCKS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CROSS-LINKS; BLOCKS; BEHAVIOR; BEARINGS; NETWORKS AB Compressive stress-strain measurements are reported for bonded disks of natural rubber having shape factors (= d/4t, where d is the diameter and t the thickness) ranging from 0.87 to 12.95. The data are compared to various models for compressed rubber, utilizing the tensile and bulk moduli determined for this material. We find that for thin disks, the measured stiffness is less that the theoretical predictions by roughly a factor of two. A similar discrepancy was found previously, both for elastomers and semi-crystal line polymer films. However, for smaller aspect ratios, the difference between experiment and theory is less than the measurement error. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mott, PH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM phm@xbt.nrl.navy.mil NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC PI AKRON PA RUBBER DIV UNIV AKRON PO BOX 499, AKRON, OH 44309-0499 USA SN 0035-9475 J9 RUBBER CHEM TECHNOL JI Rubber Chem. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 77 IS 2 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.5254/1.3547824 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 835CQ UT WOS:000222457900009 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Robertson, CG Nikiel, L Puskas, JE AF Roland, CM Robertson, CG Nikiel, L Puskas, JE TI Filler dispersion in hyperbranched polyisobutylene SO RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; SEGMENTAL MOTION; FLOW PROPERTIES; MELT RHEOLOGY; CARBON-BLACK; SHEAR; POLYMERS; POLYETHYLENE; RUBBER; DYNAMICS AB The microdispersion of carbon black filler in linear and hyperbranched polyisobutylene (PIB) was assessed from dynamic mechanical and volume resistivity measurements. While no significant differences were observed in the carbon black concentration necessary for formation of a filler network, in comparison to the linear polymer, the highly branched PIB was found to have substantially more carbon black agglomeration. This occurs despite its higher viscosity, due to the relative inaccessibility of large portions of the molecule, as a result of the profuse treelike branching. The consequence is more extensive interaggregate interaction, and thus a larger Payne effect and greater mechanical hysteresis. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Bridgetone Firestone Res Inc, Akron, OH 44317 USA. Sid Richardson Carbon Co, Ft Worth, TX 76106 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil RI Robertson, Christopher/J-1812-2012 OI Robertson, Christopher/0000-0002-4217-5429 NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC PI AKRON PA RUBBER DIV UNIV AKRON PO BOX 499, AKRON, OH 44309-0499 USA SN 0035-9475 J9 RUBBER CHEM TECHNOL JI Rubber Chem. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 77 IS 2 BP 372 EP 379 DI 10.5254/1.3547829 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 835CQ UT WOS:000222457900014 ER PT J AU Dick, SJ AF Dick, SJ TI The transit of Venus SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Dick, SJ (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 290 IS 5 BP 98 EP 105 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 813QC UT WOS:000220920600033 PM 15127668 ER PT J AU Pinnaduwage, LA Thundat, T Hawk, JE Hedden, DL Britt, R Houser, EJ Stepnowski, S McGill, RA Bubb, D AF Pinnaduwage, LA Thundat, T Hawk, JE Hedden, DL Britt, R Houser, EJ Stepnowski, S McGill, RA Bubb, D TI Detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene using microcantilever sensors SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE dinitrotoluene (DNT); microcantilever; microsensor; detection ID EXPLOSIVES DETECTION; RESONATING MICROCANTILEVERS; SURFACE STRESS; THIN-FILMS; VAPOR; CANTILEVERS; TNT AB We report the gas phase detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) with a SXFA-[poly(1-(4-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethyl-5,5,5-trifluoro)pent-1-enyl)methylsiloxane]-polymer-coated microcantilevers. These studies show that a detection sensitivity of 300 parts-per-trillion (ppt) could be achieved within a few seconds of exposure of the sensor to the vapor stream. The response is reversible and the sensor coating has been shown to be able to withstand repeated exposure to varying levels of DNT concentrations over a year. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. RP Pinnaduwage, LA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pinnaduwagla@ornl.gov NR 25 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 99 IS 2-3 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2003.11.011 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 822ZS UT WOS:000221580100004 ER PT J AU Klimchuk, JA Porter, LJ Sturrock, PA AF Klimchuk, JA Porter, LJ Sturrock, PA TI Comments on 'Possible role of MHD waves in heating the solar corona' by Dwivedi and Pandey SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We comment on the recent paper by Dwivedi and Pandey (Solar Physics 216, 59, 2003). Parts of that paper closely reproduce, without reference, material that we had published previously, while other parts that deviate from our earlier analysis contain several critical flaws. We show that magnetoacoustic waves are capable of heating the corona with a modest enhancement in the coefficient of compressive viscosity. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Adv Technol Off, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Stanford Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Klimchuk, JA (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 221 IS 1 BP 47 EP 49 DI 10.1023/B:SOLA.0000033362.92358.57 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 833OO UT WOS:000222347600005 ER PT J AU Oates, DE Park, SH Agassi, D Koren, G AF Oates, DE Park, SH Agassi, D Koren, G TI Temperature dependence of intermodulation distortion in YBCO SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2003) CY SEP 14-18, 2003 CL Sorrento, ITALY ID YBA2CU3O7-X THIN-FILMS; STRIPLINE RESONATORS; SURFACE-RESISTANCE; SUPERCONDUCTORS; IMPEDANCE; WAVE AB Measurements of the intermodulation distortion (IMD) as a function of temperature from 1.7 K to T-c in YBa2Cu3O7-delta are presented. Films of the highest quality show an increase in IMD as the temperature decreases for temperatures below approximately 30 K. Films of lower quality do not show the increase in the temperature range measured. The increase is in qualitative agreement with that predicted by the nonlinear Meissner effect in d-wave superconductors. The temperature dependence of the measurements is compared with a new calculation of the nonlinear penetration depth. C1 MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. MIT, Dept EECS, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Oates, DE (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 17 IS 5 SI SI BP S290 EP S294 AR PII S0953-2048(04)71777-7 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/17/5/039 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 825XS UT WOS:000221792700040 ER PT J AU Langland, RH Baker, NL AF Langland, RH Baker, NL TI Estimation of observation impact using the NRL atmospheric variational data assimilation adjoint system SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVITY; FORECAST AB An adjoint-based procedure for assessing the impact of observations on the short-range forecast error in numerical weather prediction is described. The method is computationally inexpensive and allows observation impact to be partitioned for any set or subset of observations, by instrument type, observed variable, geographic region, vertical level or other category. The cost function is the difference between measures of 24-h and 30-h global forecast error in the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) during June and December 2002. Observations are assimilated at 00UTC in the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS). The largest error reductions in the Northern Hemisphere are produced by rawinsondes, satellite wind data, and aircraft observations. In the Southern Hemisphere, the largest error reductions are produced by Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (ATOVS) temperature retrievals, satellite wind data and rawinsondes. Approximately 60% (40%) of global observation impact is attributed to observations below (above) 500 hPa. A significant correlation is found between observation impact and cloud cover at the observation location. Currently, without consideration of moisture observations and moist processes in the forecast model adjoint, the observation impact procedure accounts for about 75% of the actual reduction in 24-h forecast error. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Langland, RH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM langland@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 12 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 3 U2 11 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 56 IS 3 BP 189 EP 201 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2004.00056.x PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 813DN UT WOS:000220887900002 ER PT J AU Cortes, LM Baltazar, LM Perea, J Gallegos-Arreola, MP Flores, SE Sandoval, L Olivares, N Lorenz, MGO Xu, H Barton, SA Chakraborty, R Rivas, F AF Cortes, LM Baltazar, LM Perea, J Gallegos-Arreola, MP Flores, SE Sandoval, L Olivares, N Lorenz, MGO Xu, H Barton, SA Chakraborty, R Rivas, F TI HLA-DQB1,-DQA1, DRB1 linkage disequilibrium and haplotype diversity in a Mestizo population from Guadalajara, Mexico SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE haplotype; HLA class II; HLA-DQA1; HLA-DQB1; HLA-DRB1; linkage disequilibrium; Mexico ID SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; EWENS SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION; PRIMERS PCR-SSP; CLASS-II ALLELE; HLA CLASS-I; FREQUENCY ESTIMATION; MHC GENES; ADMIXTURE; DNA; RECONSTRUCTION AB HLA-DQB1, -DQA1, and -DRB1 genes were typed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) in 159 healthy volunteers from 32 families living in Guadalajara, Mexico. Three-locus genotype data from all family members were used to infer haplotypes in 54 unrelated individuals of the sample, from which estimate of segregating haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium (LD) between loci were computed. Genotype distributions were concordant with Hardy-Weinberg expectations (HWE) for all three loci, and allele distributions were similar to the ones observed in other Latin-American populations. Of the 56 distinct three-site (DQB1-DQA1-DRB1) haplotypes observed in the sample, the five most common (i.e., with frequencies of five counts or more) were: *0302-*0301-*04, *0201-*0201-*07, *0301-*0501-*14, *0402-*0401-*08, and *0501-*0101-*01. These common three-locus haplotypes also contributed to the majority of the significant two-locus linkage disequilibria. of these three sites. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX 77225 USA. Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Occidente, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico. Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Univ Ciencias Salud, Grad Studies Program Immunol, Guadalajara, Spain. Univ Colima, Sch Med, Colima, Mexico. Secretaria Salud Jalisco, Hosp Reg Occidente, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. USN, Res Ctr, Lab Appl Gen, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Ctr Genome Informat, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Barton, SA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Genet, POB 20186, Houston, TX 77225 USA. EM sabarton@sph.uth.tmc.edu OI Barton, Sara Ann/0000-0002-6196-3324 NR 44 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD MAY PY 2004 VL 63 IS 5 BP 458 EP 465 DI 10.1111/j.0001-2815.2004.00202.x PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 823NQ UT WOS:000221620300008 PM 15104677 ER PT J AU Thaxton, CS Calantoni, J McLaughlin, RA AF Thaxton, CS Calantoni, J McLaughlin, RA TI Hydrodynamic assessment of various types of baffles in a sediment retention pond SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE baffles; detention; hydraulics; hydrologic; hydrology; retention; runoff; sediment; sedimentation ID BASIN PERFORMANCE; STREAM; CONSTRUCTION; MACROINVERTEBRATES AB We assessed the relative improvement to the sediment trapping effectiveness of a permanent-pool sediment retention pond due to the installation of baffles composed of different materials commonly used on construction sites. A suite of experiments was performed at the Sediment and Erosion Control Research and Education Facility (SECREF) at North Carolina State University in which an acoustic Doppler velocimeter was used to record steady-state flow velocity and signal-to-noise ratio data. The data was gathered at 25 grid points at two depths within the pond for three different fixed input flow rates. The free flow maximum mean velocity in the pond, averaged over all input flow rates, was reduced by roughly 75% due to the presence of baffles composed of jute germination biotextile backed by coir fiber Baffles made from a standard tree protection fence, folded and tied together into three layers to reduce pore size, reduced the free flow maximum mean velocity by 65%, while baffles made of standard silt fabric fence reduced the free flow maximum mean velocity by 55%. A similar trend in the reduction of the signal-to-noise ratio along the length of the pond confirmed that the jute/coir baffles most effectively reduced the concentration of turbulent density fronts over that of the tree-protection fence or silt fence baffles, or free flow. In addition, analysis of the transverse velocity variance and vertical velocity gradients for each experiment further demonstrated that the jute/coir baffles most effectively diffused inflow momentum along the width and depth of the pond. The results of our analysis were used to calculate a sediment trapping efficiency based on Stokes settling. The minimum grain size captured would range from 30 to 42 microns with jute/coir baffles, compared to 68 to 86 microns for free flow. C1 Appalachian State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Boone, NC 28608 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Thaxton, CS (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 525 Rivers St, Boone, NC 28608 USA. EM thaxtoncs@appstate.edu OI Thaxton, Chris/0000-0001-5921-428X NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 47 IS 3 BP 741 EP 749 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 852GK UT WOS:000223743300015 ER PT J AU Bartholdi, JJ Gue, KR AF Bartholdi, JJ Gue, KR TI The best shape for a crossdock SO TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE freight transportation; crossdocking; material handling; less-than-truckload motor carriers ID TERMINAL GEOMETRIC CONCEPTS AB Within both retail distribution and less-than-truckload transportation networks crossdocks vary greatly in shape. Docks in the shape of an I, L, or T are most common, but unusual ones may be found, including those in the shape of a U, H, or E. Is there a best shape? We show that the answer depends on the size of the facility and on the pattern of freight flows inside. Our results suggest that many large crossdocks in practice suffer from poor design that increases labor costs on the dock. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Logist Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bartholdi, JJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Logist Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM john.bartholdi@isye.gatech.edu; kevin.gue@nps.navy.mil NR 15 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 4 U2 14 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0041-1655 J9 TRANSPORT SCI JI Transp. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 38 IS 2 BP 235 EP 244 DI 10.1287/trsc.1030.0077 PG 10 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation GA 818ZT UT WOS:000221283700010 ER PT J AU Hammond, MH Riedel, CJ Rose-Pehrsson, SL Williams, FW AF Hammond, MH Riedel, CJ Rose-Pehrsson, SL Williams, FW TI Training set optimization methods for a probabilistic neural network SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE sensors; multivariate analysis; fire detection; probabilistic neural network; real-time PNN classification ID ARRAY PATTERN-RECOGNITION AB In a real-time probabilistic neural network (PNN), both speed and accuracy are important for classification. In this work, three methods for reducing the size of a training set are compared: learning vector quantization (LVQ), reciprocal neighbors (RN) and a general grouping method (GGM). Each method produced multiple reductions that were tested to see the effects on the speed and accuracy of the PNN. The reductions showed little effect on the classification, 85 - 90% correct, or time for detection of flaming fires but increased the time for detection of smoldering fires. The general grouping method worked best, reducing the training set by 50% with an average of less than 4-s delay. The LVQ method reduced the training set by 75% but with a delay of 30-45 s. The RN method was able to reduce the training set with a larger range, from 35% to 75%, but gave results with an average delay of 40-50 s. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hammond, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Riedel, C. Jess/0000-0002-0151-9926 NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 71 IS 1 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.chemolab.2003.12.001 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA 811OO UT WOS:000220781400007 ER PT J AU Gao, BC Montes, MJ Davis, CO AF Gao, BC Montes, MJ Davis, CO TI Refinement of wavelength calibrations of hyperspectral imaging data using a spectrum-matching technique SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE spectrum-matching; hyperspectral imaging; calibration ID SPECTROMETER AVIRIS; AIRBORNE; ALGORITHM; IMAGER; DESIGN AB The concept of imaging spectrometry, or hyperspectral imaging, is becoming increasingly popular in scientific communities in recent years. Hyperspectral imaging data covering the spectral region between 0.4 and 2.5 mum and collected from aircraft and satellite platforms have been used in the study of the earth's atmosphere, land surface, and ocean color properties, as well as on planetary missions. In order to make such quantitative studies, accurate radiometric and spectral calibrations of hyperspectral imaging data are necessary. Calibration coefficients for all detectors in an imaging spectrometer obtained in a laboratory may need to be adjusted when applied to data obtained from an aircraft or a satellite platform. Shifts in channel center wavelengths and changes in spectral resolution may occur when an instrument is airborne or spaceborne due to vibrations, and to changes in instrument temperature and pressure. In this paper, we describe an algorithm for refining spectral calibrations of imaging spectrometer data using observed features in the data itself. The algorithm is based on spectrum-matching of atmospheric water vapor, oxygen, and carbon dioxide bands, and solar Fraunhofer lines. It has been applied to real data sets acquired with airborne and spaceborne imaging spectrometers. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Romote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Romote Sensing Div, Code 7232,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gao@rsd.nrl.navy.mil RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 22 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 90 IS 4 BP 424 EP 433 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2003.09.002 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 819IQ UT WOS:000221309000002 ER PT J AU Shao, L Zhang, JM Chen, J Tang, D Thompson, PE Patel, S Wang, XM Chen, H Liu, JK Chu, WK AF Shao, L Zhang, JM Chen, J Tang, D Thompson, PE Patel, S Wang, XM Chen, H Liu, JK Chu, WK TI Enhancement of boron solid solubility in Si by point-defect engineering SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-JUNCTION FORMATION; MEV-IMPLANTED SILICON; TRANSIENT DIFFUSION; DOPANT DIFFUSION; ION-IMPLANTATION; ELECTRICAL ACTIVATION; REDUCTION; DAMAGE; AMORPHIZATION; TEMPERATURE AB The technique of point-defect engineering (PDE), with excess vacancies produced near the surface region by MeV Si ion implantation, has been applied to form ultrashallow junctions with sub-keV B implants. PDE can reduce boride-enhanced diffusion that dominates the enhanced diffusion of ultralow energy B implants. PDE can further sharpen the dopant profile and enhance boron activation. For 1x10(15)/cm(2), 0.5 keV B implant, B solid solubility has been enhanced over a wide temperature range of 750-1000 degreesC, with an enhancement factor of 2.5 at 900 degreesC. These features have enabled a shallower and sharper box-like boron junction achievable by PDE in combination with ultralow energy 0.5 keV B implantation. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct & Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Adv Ion Beam Technol Inc, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Analyt Serv & Mat Inc, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM lshao@lanl.gov NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 26 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 17 BP 3325 EP 3327 DI 10.1063/1.1711179 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 814EN UT WOS:000220958100035 ER PT J AU Pancrazio, JJ Kulagina, NV Shaffer, KM Gray, SA O'Shaughnessy, TJ AF Pancrazio, JJ Kulagina, NV Shaffer, KM Gray, SA O'Shaughnessy, TJ TI Sensitivity of the neuronal network biosensor to environmental threats SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2003 CL Fairborn, OH ID INDUCED POTASSIUM CURRENT; CELL-BASED BIOSENSORS; STRYCHNINE; RAT; CADMIUM; SYSTEM; SYNCHRONIZATION; RELEASE; SURFACE AB It is widely acknowledged that there is a critical need for broad-spectrum environmental threat detection. While cells/tissue-based biosensors have been discussed for many years as a means of meeting this critical need, these kinds of systems have met with logistic concerns, in particular with regard to stability. our group has been working with cultured neuronal networks, which have the capacity to respond to a wide range of neuroactive compounds and are sufficiently robust to be shipped to end users. The basis of operation involves extracellular recording using thin-film microelectrode arrays where spontaneous bioelectrical activity, that is, spike firing, can be monitored in a noninvasive manner conducive for potentially long-term measurements. This work describes the current status of our efforts for the fabrication of a portable biosensor that incorporates cultured neuronal networks grown over standardized microelectrode arrays. Based on our protocol for aqueous phase sample introduction under constant flow conditions, minimal variation in mean spike rate is observed, consistent with temporal stability, such that changes of >10% are readily distinguished. To demonstrate the capability of this system, changes are reported in mean spike rate and network synchronization resulting from exposure to different model environmental threats, cadmium and strychnine. The sensitivity of this assay approach and implications of the experimental findings for environmental threat detection are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pancrazio, JJ (reprint author), NINDS, NIH, 6001 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM pancrazj@ninds.nih.gov RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD APR 23 PY 2004 VL 67 IS 8-10 BP 809 EP 818 DI 10.1080/15287390490428279 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 814CI UT WOS:000220952400015 PM 15192870 ER PT J AU Bekkedal, MYV Arfsten, D Mattie, D AF Bekkedal, MYV Arfsten, D Mattie, D TI An evaluation of neurobehavioral tests used to assess the neurodevelopmental effects of early ammonium perchlorate exposure SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2003 CL Fairborn, OH ID THYROID-HORMONE ACTION; DRINKING-WATER; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; IODINE DEFICIENCY; NEVADA COUNTIES; RAT-BRAIN; MODEL; THYROXINE; PREGNANCY AB Perchlorate is an anion known to interfere with normal production of thyroid hormones that are integrally involved in the development of the central nervous system and neurobehavioral capacities. Given the identification of drinking water contamination with perchlorate, there are efforts to investigate the effects of exposure in developing fetuses and children in order to guide the establishment of regulatory standards. Systematic neurobehavioral investigations in animal models have been completed to evaluate neurodevelopmental consequences of exposures at different concentrations in drinking water. However, these investigations have not directly addressed the public concern for increased incidences of childhood attention deficit disorders, autism, and lowered IQs of children in areas with known contamination. Although epidemiological data suggest there is not a relationship between drinking-water perchlorate exposure and these childhood disorders, it may be prudent to use animal models to systematically assess the potential for such problems. Given the behavioral complexity of these problems, an appropriate evaluation will require the use of nontraditional neurobehavioral tests such as operant conditioning tasks of varying levels of complexity, and juvenile rat play. Such tests will provide a more direct evaluation of the potential for attention deficits, autism, and lowered IQ scores related to thyroid hormone disruption due to early perchlorate exposure. C1 Wisconsin Bur Environm Hlth, Madison, WI 53701 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Toxicol Detachment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. AFRL, HEST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Bekkedal, MYV (reprint author), Wisconsin Bur Environm Hlth, 1 W Wilson St,POB 2659, Madison, WI 53701 USA. EM bekkemy@dhfs.state.wi.us NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD APR 23 PY 2004 VL 67 IS 8-10 BP 835 EP 844 DI 10.1080/15287390490428297 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 814CI UT WOS:000220952400017 PM 15192872 ER PT J AU Ligon, SC Topping, CM Jin, JY Fallis, S Irvin, JA Desmarteau, DD Smith, DW AF Ligon, SC Topping, CM Jin, JY Fallis, S Irvin, JA Desmarteau, DD Smith, DW TI Synthesis and thermal characterization of perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) polymers containing crown ether vertebrae SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE crown ethers; fluoropolymers; polyamides ID RINGS; POLYETHERS; POLYUREAS AB The synthesis and polymerization of novel 18-crown-6 and 24-crown-8 bis aryl trifluorovinyl ethers is described. Thermally induced polymerization yields linear crown ether fluoropolymers with hexafluorocyclobutyl linkages. The polymers exhibit T-g's above 120 degreesC and show good thermal stability with no appreciable weight loss below 350 degreesC. Incorporation of crown ether macrocycles into the polymer is expected to increase cationic uptake of an otherwise electroneutral fluoropolymer. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USN, Air Warefare Ctr, Weapons Div, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Smith, DW (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM dwsmith@clemson.edu RI Jin, Jianyong/G-8274-2012; Irvin, Jennifer/C-7968-2013; OI Irvin, Jennifer/0000-0003-3500-8419; Jin, Jianyong/0000-0002-5521-6277 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1352 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYSIC JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD APR 23 PY 2004 VL 205 IS 6 BP 801 EP 805 DI 10.1002/macp.200300101 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 819KZ UT WOS:000221315100012 ER PT J AU Fournier, KB Constantin, C Poco, J Miller, MC Back, CA Suter, LJ Satcher, J Davis, J Grun, J AF Fournier, KB Constantin, C Poco, J Miller, MC Back, CA Suter, LJ Satcher, J Davis, J Grun, J TI Efficient multi-keV x-ray sources from Ti-doped aerogel targets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; PULSE-WIDTH; SCATTERING; BRIGHTNESS; IONIZATION; EMISSION AB We have measured the production of hnuapproximate to4.7 keV x rays from low-density Ti-doped aerogel (rhoapproximate to3 mg/cc) targets at the OMEGA laser facility (University of Rochester), with the goal of maximizing x-ray output. Forty OMEGA beams (lambda(L)=0.351 mum) illuminated the two cylindrical faces of the target with a total power that ranged from 7 to 14 TW. The laser fully ionizes the target (n(e)/n(crit)less than or equal to0.1), and a laser-bleaching wave excites, supersonically, the high-Z emitter ions in the sample. Ti K-shell x-ray emission was spectrally resolved with a two-channel crystal spectrometer and also with a set of filtered aluminum x-ray diodes; both instruments provide absolute measurement of the multi-keV x-ray emission. We find between 40 and 260 J of output with 4.67less than or equal tohnuless than or equal to5.0 keV. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Alme & Associates, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fournier, KB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-41, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 24 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 16 AR 165005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.165005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 814RZ UT WOS:000220993100038 PM 15169241 ER PT J AU Power, JG Gai, W Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Konecny, R Jing, C Liu, W Yusof, Z AF Power, JG Gai, W Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Konecny, R Jing, C Liu, W Yusof, Z TI Observation of multipactor in an alumina-based dielectric-loaded accelerating structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGE AB We report a new regime of single-surface multipactor that was observed during high-power testing of an 11.424-GHz alumina-based dielectric-loaded accelerating structure. Previous experimental observations of single-surface multipactor on a dielectric occurred in cases for which the rf electric field was tangential and the rf power flow was normal to the dielectric surface (such as on rf windows) and found that the fraction of power absorbed at saturation is similar to1%, independent of the incident power. In this new regime, in which strong normal and tangential rf electric fields are present and the power flow is parallel to the surface, the fraction of power absorbed at saturation is an increasing function of the incident power, and more than half of the incident power can be absorbed. A simple model is presented to explain the experimental results. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Power, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 16 AR 164801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.164801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 814RZ UT WOS:000220993100033 PM 15169236 ER PT J AU Sekula, M Pawlus, S Hensel-Bielowka, S Ziolo, J Paluch, M Roland, CM AF Sekula, M Pawlus, S Hensel-Bielowka, S Ziolo, J Paluch, M Roland, CM TI Structural and secondary relaxations in supercooled di-n-butyl phthalate and diisobutyl phthalate at elevated pressure SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; LOCAL SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; ALPHA-RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; INTERMOLECULAR COOPERATIVITY; CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; ISOBUTYL PHTHALATE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB Broadband dielectric measurements at very large hydrostatic pressures (up to 1.8 GPa) are used to investigate the effect of molecular structure on the dynamical properties of supercooled di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and its isomer, diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP). At atmospheric pressure, both the shape of the alpha-relaxation loss peak and the fragility are essentially the same for the two materials, although the behavior of their beta-relaxations differs. The activation energy for the beta-process in DiBP, which is independent of pressure, is larger than that for DBP, while the activation volume of the former is about an order of magnitude larger. In contrast to the similarities of the alpha-relaxation at low pressure, distinct differences between the two isomers become evident at elevated pressure. The activation volume for the a-relaxation and the pressure coefficient of the glass transition temperature are significantly larger for DBP than DiBP. On the other hand, the fragility of both liquids is invariant to pressure. This latter observation corroborates recent results from high-pressure viscosity measurements on DBP, and is consistent with the invariance of the a-peak breadth to pressure. Related to the large value of the Kohlrausch stretch exponent and its invariance to pressure, there is no decoupling of the a-relaxation times and the dc-conductivity over the investigated range of temperatures and pressures. This is consistent with the idea that the decoupling of dynamic variables upon approach to T-g is a consequence of increases in intermolecular cooperativity and dynamic heterogeneity. We also compare herein the characteristic temperatures, and their associated relaxation times, at which various changes in the dynamics become manifest in the DBP and DiBP. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 74 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 22 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 16 BP 4997 EP 5003 DI 10.1021/jp0376121 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 813YR UT WOS:000220942900008 ER PT J AU Cargill, PJ Klimchuk, JA AF Cargill, PJ Klimchuk, JA TI Nanoflare heating of the corona revisited SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : flares ID TRANSITION-REGION; ACTIVE-REGION; SOLAR CORONA; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; DENSITY STRUCTURE; LOOPS; DIAGNOSTICS; PLASMAS; TRACE AB The radiative signatures of the nanoflare model for coronal heating are investigated. If an observed coronal loop is assumed to consist of many small strands that cannot be distinguished spatially by EUV or X-ray observations, we are able to calculate differential emission-measure profiles and filling factors for a range of heating models. In this picture the strands undergo continual heating and cooling, leading to a corona comprising strands with a broad range of temperatures and densities. Thus, observations over a range of temperatures will show a multithermal coronal structure. The cyclical heating-cooling leads inevitably to loops that are underdense and overdense at high and low temperatures, respectively, compared to what would be expected from static equilibrium models, and in addition, we show that differential emission-measure profiles with shallow slopes can be obtained, as reported in recent observations. The differences between filling factors that can be seen by broadband and narrowband instruments are explored. Loops with broadband filling factors near unity can still have small narrowband factors, and the narrowband factor is shown to be a strong function of the local temperature. Nanoflare energy distributions that are constant, flat, or power laws are considered. Power laws lead to wide distributions of temperatures and densities in the corona, and steep power laws lead to larger filling factors. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 NR 29 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2004 VL 605 IS 2 BP 911 EP 920 DI 10.1086/382526 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 811WL UT WOS:000220801900036 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Roland, CM AF Ngai, KL Roland, CM TI Unusual component dynamics in poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends as probed by deuterium NMR SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MISCIBLE POLYMER BLEND; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; COUPLING MODEL; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; SOFTENING ZONE; BIREFRINGENCE; 1,2-POLYBUTADIENE; MIXTURES AB We analyze recent deuterium NMR data on blends of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), using a model for the blend dynamics based on the coupling model. This model has previously been shown to describe the relaxation properties of blends whose component dynamics are strongly composition dependent. We show herein that the unusual feature of PEO/PMMA blends, an invariance of the PEO dynamics to composition, is a natural consequence of the high frequency and temperature of the NMR experiments. To wit, when the independent relaxation time of our model approaches the characteristic time for intermolecular cooperativity (similar to2 ps), the effect of local environment on the component dynamics becomes negligible. A similar situation pertains for poly(vinyl methyl ether) mixed with polystyrene, at temperatures sufficiently high that the segmental relaxation times become small. On the other hand, for blends of 1,4-polyisoprene with poly(vinylethylene), the component dynamics retain their dependence on composition, even at high temperatures. The reason for the differing behavior is brought out by an analysis using our blend model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 46 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 20 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 8 BP 2817 EP 2822 DI 10.1021/ma035774p PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 813HQ UT WOS:000220898600024 ER PT J AU Epstein, JE Charoenvit, Y Kester, KE Wang, RB Newcomer, R Fitzpatrick, S Richie, TL Tornieporth, N Heppner, DG Ockenhouse, C Majam, V Holland, C Abot, E Ganeshan, H Berzins, M Jones, T Freydberg, CN Ng, J Norman, J Carucci, DJ Cohen, J Hoffman, SL AF Epstein, JE Charoenvit, Y Kester, KE Wang, RB Newcomer, R Fitzpatrick, S Richie, TL Tornieporth, N Heppner, DG Ockenhouse, C Majam, V Holland, C Abot, E Ganeshan, H Berzins, M Jones, T Freydberg, CN Ng, J Norman, J Carucci, DJ Cohen, J Hoffman, SL TI Safety, tolerability, and antibody responses in humans after sequential immunization with a PfCSP DNA vaccine followed by the recombinant protein vaccine RTS,S/AS02A SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE DNA vaccine; RTS,S; malaria; clinical trial; sequential immunization; prime-boost; circumsporozoite protein; Plasmodium falciparum; prime boost immunization; heterologous prime boost immunization ID FALCIPARUM CIRCUMSPOROZOITE-PROTEIN; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MALARIA VACCINE; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; PLASMID DNA; IMMUNOGENICITY; INDUCTION; EFFICACY; VOLUNTEERS AB Optimal protection against malaria may require induction of high levels of protective antibody and CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses. In humans, malaria DNA vaccines elicit CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and IFNgamma responses as measured by short-term (ex vivo) ELISPOT assays, and recombinant proteins elicit antibodies and excellent T cell responses, but no CD8+ CTL or CD8+ IFNgamma-producing cells as measured by ex vivo ELISPOT. Priming with DNA and boosting with recombinant pox virus elicits much better T cell responses than DNA alone, but not antibody responses. In an attempt to elicit antibodies and enhanced T cell responses, we administered RTS,S/AS02A, a partially protective Plasmodium falciparum recombinant circumsporozoite protein (CSP) vaccine in adjuvant, to volunteers previously immunized with a R falciparum CSP DNA vaccine (VCL-2510) and to naive volunteers. This vaccine regimen was well tolerated and safe. The volunteers who received RTS,S/AS02A alone had, as expected, antibody and CD4+ T cell responses, but no CD8+ T cell responses. Volunteers who received PfCSP DNA followed by RTS,S/AS02A had antibody and CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses (Wang et al., submitted). Sequential immunization with DNA and recombinant protein, also called heterologous prime-boost, led to enhanced immune responses as compared to DNA or recombinant protein alone, suggesting that it might provide enhanced protective immunity. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sanaria Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Malaria Vaccine Program, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Def, Bone Marrow Donor Program, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Vical Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), Sanaria Inc, 1211 Parklawn Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM slhoffman@sanaria.com RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011; Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011; Holland, Carolyn/B-7880-2011; OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802; Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456; Denham, Nicole/0000-0002-4618-7144 NR 29 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 16 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 13-14 BP 1592 EP 1603 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.01.031 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 817BI UT WOS:000221152600002 PM 15068840 ER PT J AU Galloway, D Liner, A Legutki, J Mateczun, A Barnewall, R Estep, J AF Galloway, D Liner, A Legutki, J Mateczun, A Barnewall, R Estep, J TI Genetic immunization against anthrax SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE DNA vaccine; anthrax; B. anthracis ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; GUINEA-PIGS; CHALLENGE; IMMUNITY; EFFICACY; TOXIN AB The objective of this study was to determine whether a DNA prime-protein boost immunization against the Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF) antigens could induce a protective immune response against significant aerosol challenge in the rabbit model. Rabbits were vaccinated with different regimens of DNA vaccines (Table 1) and aerosol challenged with B. anthracis spores, Ames strain, with an average dose of 50 LD50s with a range from 18 to 169 LD50s. Of the five vaccinated rabbits that survived, two were immunized intramuscularly (i.m.) with DNA followed with a protein boost and three were immunized subcutaneous (s.q.) with recombinant protein. A major factor predicting survival was the ability of the animal to mount a lasting antibody response to PA. Rabbit sera were collected prior to and following aerosol challenge and titrated for PA antibodies by indirect ELISA. The results of this study indicate that DNA-based immunization against PA and LF induces significant protective immunity against aerosol challenge in the rabbit model and compares favorably with protein-based immunization. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Galloway, D (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM gallowayd@nmrc.navy.mil NR 10 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 16 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 13-14 BP 1604 EP 1608 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.09.043 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 817BI UT WOS:000221152600003 PM 15068841 ER PT J AU Sapsford, KE Ligler, FS AF Sapsford, KE Ligler, FS TI Real-time analysis of protein adsorption to a variety of thin films SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF); thin film; silane surfaces; protein adsorption ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; INTERNAL-REFLECTION FLUORESCENCE; SERUM-ALBUMIN ADSORPTION; HYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; POLYMER SURFACES; OXIDE SURFACES; KINETICS; LYSOZYME AB The ability of a fluorescence-based array biosensor to screen surfaces for the adsorption of biontolecules, in real-time is demonstrated. Glass microscope slides were coated with silanes, including 3-mercaptopropyl-triethoxysilaiie, 3-glycidyloxypi-opyltritnethoxysilane. 3-amino-propyltri methoxy-silane, octadecyl-trichlorosilane, and 2-methoxy((polyethylenoxy)propyl)tri-methoxysilane, or with polymer thin films, including polystyrene, polyimide, sol-gel, poly(dimethylsiloxane), and agarose. The adsorption of Cy5-labeled proteins, bovine serum albumin, fibrinogen, and lysozyme onto these surfaces was measured using total internal reflection spectroscopy over a period of 50 min. The majority of the modified surfaces, apart front notable exceptions including the thiol silane and PDMS, behaved as expected upon protein adsorption, and the observations could be related to the properties of both the individual surfaces and proteins. This study highlights the complex nature of the mechanisms involved when a protein interacts at a solid-liquid interface. However, it also demonstrates a comparatively generic method with which to screen surfaces for their protein resistant properties and to measure surface interactions in real time. Furthermore, since the array biosensor can perform multiple measurements simultaneously, the interactions of a variety of proteins with a single surface can be monitored. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Bioresource Dev, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 43 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1045 EP 1055 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2003.10.002 PG 11 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 804CF UT WOS:000220276100012 PM 15018960 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Aronson, WJ Presti, JC Amling, CL Terris, MK Trock, B Kane, CJ AF Freedland, SJ Aronson, WJ Presti, JC Amling, CL Terris, MK Trock, B Kane, CJ TI Predictors of prostate-specific antigen progression among men with seminal vesicle invasion at the time of radical prostatectomy SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE prostate carcinoma; radical prostatectomy; prostate-specific antigen recurrence; seminal vesicle invasion; Gleason score ID SEXTANT BIOPSIES; PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE; CANCER; RECURRENCE; INVOLVEMENT; ADENOCARCINOMA; RADIOTHERAPY; FAILURE; RACE; RISK AB BACKGROUND. Seminal vesicle (SV) invasion at the time of radical prostatectomy (RP) generally is considered to be indicative of poor outcome. The authors examined whether there was a subset of men with SV invasion who had long-term prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival. METHODS. Data were examined from 1687 men who underwent RP between 1988 and 2002 at 5 equal-access medical centers. Patients were grouped based on the presence or absence of SV invasion at the time of RP. Clinical and pathologic variables as well as biochemical outcome data were compared across the groups using rank-sum, chi-square, and log-rank tests. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to determine the significant predictors of time to PSA failure among men with SV invasion. RESULTS. Men with SV invasion had significantly higher PSA values, higher clinical stage, higher grade tumors, and were more likely to have concomitant extracapsular extension or a positive surgical margin. The 5-year PSA progression-free rates for men who had SV invasion was 36%, compared with 70% among men who had no SV invasion. Among men who had SV invasion, using multivariate analysis, only age (P = 0.023), pathologic Gleason score (P = 0.041), and surgical margin status (P = 0.019) were found to be independent predictors of PSA failure. By combining significant prognostic variables, the authors identified a subset of men with SV invasion, low-grade tumors (Gleason score 2-6), and negative surgical margins who had a 5-year PSA progression-free rate of 69%. Men with SV invasion, Gleason scores 2-6 tumors, negative surgical margins, and age greater than or equal to 60 years (n = 11; 8%) had a 5-year PSA progression-free rate of 100%. CONCLUSIONS. Although the majority of men with SV invasion have high-grade disease and a short time to biochemical failure, the authors identified a subset of men with low-grade disease, negative surgical margins, and older age who, despite SV invasion, had an extremely favorable clinical course. Thus, SV invasion does not uniformly suggest an unfavorable prognosis. (C) 2004 American Cancer Society. C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Vet Adm Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Med Coll Georgia, Div Urol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. San Francisco Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Urol, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM sfreedl1@jhmi.edu OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 100 IS 8 BP 1633 EP 1638 DI 10.1002/cncr.20122 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 810TA UT WOS:000220725400011 PM 15073850 ER PT J AU Urick, VJ Qiu, JX Bucholtz, F McDermitt, C Williams, KJ AF Urick, VJ Qiu, JX Bucholtz, F McDermitt, C Williams, KJ TI 4Gbit/s transmission over single-channel Raman-amplified 105 km link SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE AB A 100 kin Raman-amplified fibre link supporting 4 Gbit/s in a single optical channel is demonstrated. The link employs dispersion compensation and stimulated Brillouin scattering management. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Urick, VJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 8 BP 495 EP 496 DI 10.1049/el:20040310 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 818BV UT WOS:000221221500027 ER PT J AU Karimabadi, H Huba, JD Krauss-Varban, D Omidi, N AF Karimabadi, H Huba, JD Krauss-Varban, D Omidi, N TI On the generation and structure of the quadrupole magnetic field in the reconnection process: Comparative simulation study SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSTABILITY; HYBRID AB We investigate magnetic reconnection dynamics using three simulation codes to isolate ion kinetic effects from Hall effects: a full hybrid code, a Hall MHD code, and a new Hallless hybrid code. The structure of the quadrupole magnetic field ( also known as the core field or out-of-plane field) is used as the physical quantity for this comparison because it is a good proxy of fast magnetic reconnection. Examination of the core field time evolution equations for the Hall-less hybrid and Hall MHD models reveal inherent differences between these models. In particular, it demonstrates that core fields can be generated in the kinetic regime even in the absence of the Hall term. We attribute this result to ion kinetic effects, e. g., ion diamagnetic drifts driven by an anisotropic ion stress tensor. This result is borne out by our simulations. Additionally, kinetic ion dynamics leads to core fields with widths that can extend to several ion inertial lengths in the vicinity of X-line and tens of ion inertial lengths further away. In contrast, in Hall MHD, the typical case is about an ion inertial length in the vicinity of the X-line and a few ion inertial lengths further away. These results pose challenges for improving fluid models of reconnection. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Karimabadi, H (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM homa@ece.uscd.edu NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 7 AR L07806 DI 10.1029/2004GL019553 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 815XX UT WOS:000221076100005 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Paluch, M Psurek, T Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Paluch, M Psurek, T Roland, CM TI Temperature and pressure dependences of the structural dynamics: an interpretation of Vogel-Fulcher behavior in terms of the Adam-Gibbs model SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS LA English DT Article DE glass transition; dielectric relaxation; high pressure ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; BAND DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; FREQUENCY TEMPERATURE; SECONDARY RELAXATION; DIPOLE RELAXATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; EPOXY-RESIN AB Dielectric measurements on 4,4'-methylenebis(N,N-diglycidylaniline) were carried out over a temperature range from 258 to 335 K, at hydrostatic pressures from ambient to 300 MPa. Both the shape of the alpha-relaxation function and the T-g-normalized temperature dependence of the relaxation times (fragility) were found to be independent of pressure, consistent with the established correlation between these two quantities. Interpretation of the data using an extension of the model of Adam and Gibbs yielded values for the configurational entropy and the excess heat capacity. The implication of this analysis is that these two quantities govern to a substantial extent both the temperature- and pressure-dependences of the structural relaxation times. We also show that all relaxation times can be rescaled onto a single master curve, whose abscissa is simply related to the ratio between the configurational entropy and the excess heat capacity. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM casalini@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 57 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7322 EI 1873-3166 J9 J MOL LIQ JI J. Mol. Liq. PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 111 IS 1-3 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0167-7322(03)00260-5 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 806QH UT WOS:000220447900009 ER PT J AU Sanders, EH McGrady, KA Wnek, GE Edmondson, CA Mueller, JM Fontanella, JJ Suarez, S Greenbaum, SG AF Sanders, EH McGrady, KA Wnek, GE Edmondson, CA Mueller, JM Fontanella, JJ Suarez, S Greenbaum, SG TI Characterization of electrosprayed Nafion films SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy Density Electrochemical Power Sources CY SEP 17-20, 2003 CL Nice, FRANCE DE electrospraying; polymer electrolyte; PEM nation; fuel cells ID RELAXATION; MEMBRANES; IONOMERS AB Nation has long served as a benchmark material when evaluating the performance of proton conducting membranes used in PEM fuel cells. Traditionally, the membranes are either extruded from dry polymer or cast from a liquid polymer solvent solution. Recently, a different technique for fabricating membranes has been developed. The new approach exploits electrostatic spraying, or electrospraying, to deposit PEM films, with the longer-term goal of fabricating membrane-electrode assemblies using this technique. The focus of this paper is to compare the proton transport and physical properties of electrosprayed membranes with those of extruded Nafion. Audio frequency complex impedance studies of the electrosprayed membranes were conducted at a variety of temperatures and pressures over a wide range of membrane water contents. The results are compared with similar data for Nation 117 and for membranes cast from the electrosprayed solutions. Water uptake, dimensional changes, and electrical conductivity measurements indicate that extruded, cast, and electrosprayed Nation films are similar, with the exception that the electrosprayed Nation absorbs as much Lis 15 wt.% water more than the other two membranes with only a slight increase in conductivity. The activation volumes for electrosprayed Nation are also consistent with those for Nation 117 and concur with proposed mechanisms for proton transport in Nafion membranes. As in Nation 117, a dielectric loss peak appeared in the electrosprayed Nation at low temperatures after heating in vacuum at 380 K, further demonstrating the similarity between the two materials. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Wnek, GE (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM gewnek@vcu.edu OI Suarez, Sophia /0000-0001-6246-3498 NR 10 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 129 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.11.020 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 810AB UT WOS:000220676100011 ER PT J AU Liu, X Photiadis, DM Bucaro, JA Vignola, JF Houston, BH Wu, HD Chrisey, DB AF Liu, X Photiadis, DM Bucaro, JA Vignola, JF Houston, BH Wu, HD Chrisey, DB TI Low temperature internal friction of diamond-like carbon films SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Internal Friction and Ultrasonic Attentuation in Solids CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Bilbao, SPAIN DE internal friction; diamond-like carbon; double-paddle oscillator; tunneling states; internal stress ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; AMORPHOUS SOLIDS; THIN-FILMS; ATTENUATION; GLASSES AB We have studied the internal friction of amorphous diamond-like carbon films prepared by pulsed-laser deposition from 0.4 to 300 K. The low temperature internal friction below 10 K is dominated by the atomic tunneling states for amorphous solids, which is a measure of structure disorder. We have tried to vary the content of sp(3) carbon atoms versus sp(2) ones by changing laser fleunce, by doping with N and Ar, and by annealing at 500degreesC for 20 min. Our results show that the internal friction varies about one order of magnitude from 2 x 10(-5) to 2 x 10(-4), and its value is higher with higher Sp(3) content when the film quality is generally considered superior. However, it is known that as-deposited diamond-like carbon films with high sp(3) content are heavily stressed. Annealing and doping are used to release the stress. We conclude that in addition to tetrahedral bonding, low stress is also important in reducing structure disorder associated with the low energy tunneling states in amorphous solids. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM xiao.liu@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 370 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 142 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2003.08.104 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 818IJ UT WOS:000221238500026 ER PT J AU Metcalf, TH AF Metcalf, TH TI Internal friction of solid neon and argon films SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Internal Friction and Ultrasonic Attentuation in Solids CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Bilbao, SPAIN DE neon; argon; internal friction; cryocrystals; plastic deformation ID OSCILLATOR; MODES AB The internal friction of solid neon and argon films, with thicknesses of several hundred nanometers, was measured at temperatures up to 25% of the triple point temperature, T-tr. At temperatures higher than 0.12T(tr), the internal friction increased strongly, following an Arrhenius law. The activation energy scaled with triple point temperature and was independent of film thickness. The value suggests that lowered energy barriers for dislocation motion enhance the plasticity and give rise to the internal friction peak. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Atom & Solid State Phys Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Metcalf, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7130,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tmetcalf@mailaps.org NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 370 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 150 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2003.03.001 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 818IJ UT WOS:000221238500028 ER PT J AU Houston, BH Photiadis, DM Vignola, JF Marcus, MH Liu, X Czaplewski, D Sekaric, L Butler, J Pehrsson, P Bucaro, JA AF Houston, BH Photiadis, DM Vignola, JF Marcus, MH Liu, X Czaplewski, D Sekaric, L Butler, J Pehrsson, P Bucaro, JA TI Loss due to transverse thermoelastic currents in microscale resonators SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Internal Friction and Ultrasonic Attentuation in Solids CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Bilbao, SPAIN DE microelectromechanical system; nanoelectromechanical system; quality factor; mechanical oscillator ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; INTERNAL-FRICTION; LOSS MECHANISMS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; OSCILLATORS; FILMS; RESONANCE; MODES AB In order to understand the loss mechanisms associated with microscale resonators we have studied the importance of thermoelastic (TE) damping due to transverse thermal currents. In the work presented here, we study this damping mechanism as it applies to structures involving torsional vibration, or in general possessing a non-trivial mode shape such as those associated with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. A model of thermoelastic dissipation is presented that is based on the observation that the resonant modes of elastic structures almost always contain some flexural component. We determine a flexural energy participation factor and apply this to Zener's model for damping of a simple reed in pure bending. Predictions agree well with internal friction measurements for a macroscale single-crystal silicon double paddle oscillator (300 mum thick) at temperatures from 130 to 300 K. The approach has also been successfully applied to predict microscale oscillator (1.5 mum thick) internal friction measurements at room temperature. Our results indicate that the internal friction arising from this mechanism is strong and can be quite significant for silicon-based MEMS (Q < 10(4)) and persists down to 50 nm scale structures even for nominally torsional or even slightly asymmetric compressional devices which one might conclude have no loss. The importance of the thermoelastic mechanism is examined as a function of material properties. From this perspective, diamond possesses desirable thermal expansivity and diffusivity that is examined with our model. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Cornel Ctr Mat Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Houston, BH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM houston@nri.navy.mil RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 370 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 407 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2003.05.007 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 818IJ UT WOS:000221238500081 ER PT J AU Halthore, RN Miller, MA Ogren, JA Sheridan, PJ Slater, DW Stoffel, T AF Halthore, RN Miller, MA Ogren, JA Sheridan, PJ Slater, DW Stoffel, T TI Further developments in closure experiments for surface diffuse irradiance under cloud-free skies at a continental site SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR IRRADIANCE; THERMAL OFFSET; CLEAR; RADIATION; ABSORPTION; MODELS AB Direct and diffuse surface irradiances measured with the shaded and ventilated Black and White Eppley pyranometer under cloud-free skies at a continental site are compared with radiative transfer model calculated values. For the measurements in 2002, calculations of irradiance utilizing surface-measured aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) agree with that measured to within the mutual uncertainties. For the days in 2001 and 2003, the modeled irradiance values agree with that measured only if highly absorbing aerosols of SSA similar to0.7, well below surface-measured SSA, are used. Modeled diffuse/direct irradiance ratios continue to exceed those measured in the visible and near-IR using silicon detector-based radiometers, suggesting problems with measurements and/or model estimates of atmospheric, most likely, aerosol, absorption. A detailed study is therefore required to establish the role of aerosol absorption in shortwave radiative transfer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Halthore, RN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM halthore@nrl.navy.mil RI Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 19 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 14 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 7 AR L07111 DI 10.1029/2003GL019102 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 815XW UT WOS:000221076000001 ER PT J AU Martin, BD Nikolov, N Pollack, SK Saprigin, A Shashidhar, R Zhang, F Heiney, PA AF Martin, BD Nikolov, N Pollack, SK Saprigin, A Shashidhar, R Zhang, F Heiney, PA TI Hydroxylated secondary dopants for surface resistance enhancement in transparent poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)poly(styrenesulfonate) thin films SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article DE poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene); conducting polymers; secondary dopants; organic thin films ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ORGANIC POLYMERS; POLYANILINE; POLYACETYLENE; SOLVENTS; 2-METHOXYETHANOL; DERIVATIVES; (CH)X AB The addition of small, hydroxylated secondary dopants (SDs) can greatly decrease the surface resistance (SR) of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) thin films with virtually no loss in film transparency. For example when 2,2'-thiodiethanol or glycerol are added to an aqueous suspension of PEDOT-PSS, thin films cast from the suspension exhibit approximately five-to-seven-fold decrease in surface electrical resistance while their optical transparencies remain nearly constant, or, in some cases, increase slightly. This behavior is strikingly different from that of conducting polymer films doped with standard ionic dopants, wherein decreases in surface resistance are accompanied by a sharp loss in film transparency. These findings may be important to the development of plastic "throwaway" electronics such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs), organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays, imaging materials for flexible substrates, and organic field-effect transistors (FETs). Studies using mid-IR spectroscopic data and deuterated solvents support the premise that 2,2'-thiodiethanol enhances film properties by stabilizing the PEDOT-PSS electrostatic interactions. This dopant enables formation of films with conductivities as high as 98 S/cm and optical transparencies of 84%. Solution thermodynamic analysis indicates that it exerts a chaotropic effect on the aqueous solvent that may aid its ability to enhance film properties. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Res Struct Matter Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Martin, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6950, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bdm@ebmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Zhang, Fan/A-6133-2010 NR 30 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 7 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD APR 13 PY 2004 VL 142 IS 1-3 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.synthmet.2003.09.005 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 811OT UT WOS:000220781900029 ER PT J AU Ryder, SD Sadler, EA Subrahmanyan, R Weiler, KW Panagia, N Stockdale, C AF Ryder, SD Sadler, EA Subrahmanyan, R Weiler, KW Panagia, N Stockdale, C TI Modulations in the radio light curve of the Type IIb supernova 2001ig: evidence for a Wolf-Rayet binary progenitor? SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; circumstellar matter; supernovae : individual : SN 200lig; stars : Wolf-Rayet; galaxies : individual : NGC 7424; gamma-rays : bursts ID GIANT BRANCH EVOLUTION; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; 25 APRIL 1998; PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION; IB SUPERNOVAE; PINWHEEL NEBULA; EGG NEBULA; DREDGE-UP; SN 1979C; EMISSION AB We describe the radio evolution of supernova (SN) 2001ig in NGC 7424, from 700 d of multifrequency monitoring with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Very Large Array (VLA). We find that deviations of the radio light curves at each frequency from the standard 'minishell' model are consistent with density modulations in the circumstellar medium (CSM), which seem to recur with a period near 150 d. One possibility is that these are due to enhanced mass loss from thermal pulses in an asymptotic giant branch star progenitor. A more likely scenario, however, is that the progenitor was a Wolf-Rayet (WR) star, whose stellar wind collided with that from a massive hot companion on an eccentric 100-d orbit, leading to a regular build-up of CSM material on the required time and spatial scales. Recent observations of 'dusty pinwheels' in WR binary systems lend credibility to this model. Since such binary systems are also thought to provide the necessary conditions for envelope stripping which would cause the WR star to appear as a Type Ib/c SN event rather than a Type 11, these radio observations of SN 2001ig may provide the key to linking Type Ib/c SNe to Type IIb events, and even to some types of gamma-ray bursts. C1 Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ESA, Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Ryder, SD (reprint author), Anglo Australian Observ, POB 296, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. EM sdr@aaoepp.aao.gov.au RI Subrahmanyan, Ravi/B-6079-2009; Astronomy & Astrophysics Group, Raman Res Institute/D-4046-2012; Subrahmanyan, Ravi/D-4889-2012; OI Sadler, Elaine/0000-0002-1136-2555; Ryder, Stuart/0000-0003-4501-8100 NR 52 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD APR 11 PY 2004 VL 349 IS 3 BP 1093 EP 1100 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07589.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 812OB UT WOS:000220847700030 ER PT J AU Dahn, CC Bergeron, P Liebert, J Harris, HC Canzian, B Leggett, SK Boudreault, S AF Dahn, CC Bergeron, P Liebert, J Harris, HC Canzian, B Leggett, SK Boudreault, S TI Analysis of a very massive DA white dwarf via the trigonometric parallax and spectroscopic methods SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (LHS 4033); white dwarfs ID STARS; EVOLUTION; HELIUM; SAMPLE AB By two different methods, we show that LHS 4033 is an extremely massive white dwarf near its likely upper mass limit for destruction by unstable electron captures. From the accurate trigonometric parallax reported herein, the effective temperature (T-eff = 10,900 K) and the stellar radius (R = 0.00368 R.) are directly determined from the broadband spectral energy distribution-the parallax method. The effective temperature and surface gravity are also estimated independently from the simultaneous fitting of the observed Balmer line profiles with those predicted from pure-hydrogen model atmospheres-the spectroscopic method (T-eff = 10,760 K, log g = 9.46). The mass of LHS 4033 is then inferred from theoretical mass-radius relations appropriate for white dwarfs. The parallax method yields a mass estimate of 1.310-1.330 M. for interior compositions ranging from pure magnesium to pure carbon, respectively, while the spectroscopic method yields an estimate of 1.318-1.335 M. for the same core compositions. This star is the most massive white dwarf for which a robust comparison of the two techniques has been made. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Joint Astron Ctr, United Kingdom Infrared Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Dahn, CC (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. EM dahn@nofs.navy.mil; bergeron@astro.umontreal.ca; liebert@as.arizona.edu; hch@nofs.navy.mil; blaise@nofs.navy.mil; s.leggett@jach.hawaii.edu OI Leggett, Sandy/0000-0002-3681-2989 NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2004 VL 605 IS 1 BP 400 EP 404 DI 10.1086/382208 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 811WJ UT WOS:000220801700034 ER PT J AU Magara, T AF Magara, T TI A model for dynamic evolution of emerging magnetic fields in the sun SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : numerical; MHD; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : prominences ID SOLAR ATMOSPHERE; ACTIVE-REGION; FLUX ROPES; EMERGENCE; TUBE; INSTABILITY; SIMULATION; ERUPTIONS; CORONA AB In this paper we study the dynamic evolution of emerging magnetic fields in the solar atmosphere by deriving a model based on a three-dimensional MHD simulation. The simulation shows that magnetic field lines initially forming a twisted flux tube below the solar surface emerge into the atmosphere by magnetic buoyancy. Outer field lines of the flux tube are almost free to expand in a wide fan shape without strong confinement by surrounding field lines. On the other hand, inner field lines are subject to strong confinement by adjacent twisted field lines that prevent the lateral expansion of inner field lines. By examining the result of the simulation, we derive a model of emerging field lines to demonstrate that the height of an emerging field line increases at the average rate of (g(0)k) (1/2) H/2, where g(0), k, and H are the gravitational acceleration, curvature of the emerging field line, and a scale height of magnetic field strength. Applying this model to the outer and inner field lines, we show that inner field lines are less dynamical than outer field lines and inner field lines are likely to form quasi-static structure in the corona such as prominences and sigmoids. We also discuss that the shape of inner field lines is reflected in the chirality of a modeled sigmoid. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Magara, T (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM magara@nrl.navy.mil RI Magara, Tetsuya/E-2406-2013 NR 29 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2004 VL 605 IS 1 BP 480 EP 492 DI 10.1086/382148 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 811WJ UT WOS:000220801700040 ER PT J AU Kinman, TD Saha, A Pier, JR AF Kinman, TD Saha, A Pier, JR TI Halo structure shown by RR Lyrae stars in the anticenter direction SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : halo; Galaxy : structure ID GLOBULAR-CLUSTER PALOMAR-5; SAGITTARIUS DWARF GALAXY; LICK ASTROGRAPHIC FIELDS; GALACTIC ANTI-CENTER; MILKY-WAY; STELLAR STRUCTURE; METAL ABUNDANCES; GIANT STARS; SUBSTRUCTURE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Newberg et al., Yanny et al., Ibata et al., Rocha-Pinto et al., and Martin et al. have reported overdensities of stars that form a ring with a galactocentric distance (R-gal) of less than or similar to 18 kpc. Martin et al. and Frinchaboy et al. have found star clusters associated with these overdensities; Martin et al. found what seems to be the central overdensity in Canis Major, so we shall refer to it as the CMa ring. The stars in the CMa ring have a small velocity dispersion and [Fe/H] of about - 0.4 and - 1.6, respectively. Zinn et al. found a small RR Lyrae overdensity in the more populous southern arc of the CMa ring. We do not find any overdensity of RR Lyrae stars in a 65 deg(2) field that covers a more tenuous part of the ring in the anticenter. Existing evidence suggests that the halo component of the CMa ring has a horizontal-branch (HB) morphology that does not favor RR Lyrae stars; the evidence from the associated clusters suggests that it may be richer in blue HB stars. Our RR Lyrae sample in the anticenter contains three groups ( each containing three stars that have a high probability of physical association). These groups account for half of the RR Lyrae stars with kpc less than or equal to R-gal less than or equal to 28 kpc in this field; all of these RR Lyrae gal stars are of Oosterhoff I type. It is suggested that they may be globular cluster remnants. C1 Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Kinman, TD (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, POB 26732, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. EM tkinman@noao.edu; asaha@noao.edu; jrp@nofs.navy.mil NR 40 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2004 VL 605 IS 1 BP L25 EP L28 DI 10.1086/386368 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 811WK UT WOS:000220801800007 ER PT J AU Aguayo, A Mazin, II Singh, DJ AF Aguayo, A Mazin, II Singh, DJ TI Why Ni3Al is an itinerant ferromagnet but Ni3Ga is not SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON FERROMAGNETISM; MAGNETISM; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; FLUCTUATIONS; COEXISTENCE; ENERGIES; STATE; NI3IN AB Ni3Al and Ni3Ga are closely related materials on opposite sides of a ferromagnetic quantum critical point. The Stoner factor of Ni is virtually the same in both compounds and the density of states is larger in Ni3Ga. Thus in Stoner theory it should be more magnetic, and in local-density approximation (LDA) calculations it is. However, experimentally it is a paramagnet, while Ni3Al is an itinerant ferromagnet. We show that critical spin fluctuations are stronger in Ni3Ga, due to weaker q dependence of the susceptibility, and this effect is enough to reverse the trend. The approach combines LDA calculations with Landau theory and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem using the same momentum cutoff for both compounds. The calculations provide evidence for strong, beyond LDA, spin fluctuations associated with the critical point in both materials, but stronger in Ni3Ga than in Ni3Al. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 35 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 9 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 14 AR 147201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.147201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 815JB UT WOS:000221037500050 PM 15089568 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Schroeder, MJ Fontanella, JJ Ngai, KL AF Roland, CM Schroeder, MJ Fontanella, JJ Ngai, KL TI Evolution of the dynamics in 1,4-polyisoprene from a nearly constant loss to a Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation to the alpha-relaxation SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING SUBSTANCES; NORMAL-MODE RELAXATION; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; CIS-POLYISOPRENE; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; COUPLING MODEL; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; SPECTROSCOPY AB The Johari-Goldstein (JG) secondary relaxation, presumed to be universal, has never been seen in 1,4-polyisoprene (PI) by dielectric spectroscopy, despite very many measurements extending over the past half-century. By using a high-resolution capacitance bridge, we are able to show the existence of a secondary relaxation in PI that has the properties of the JG process. Measurements were also carried out at lower temperatures, which probe the dynamics of chain units "caged" by neighboring segments comprising the local structure. The caged dynamics precede by decades of time the JG relaxation and, from general physical principles, are also expected to be a property of all glass-forming materials. Collectively, the caged dynamics and JG relaxation serve as precursors to structural relaxation (i.e., the glass transition) and thus are of central importance to understanding vitrification. The present data show that the dynamics of caged PI repeat units are manifested as a nearly constant loss (NCL). This NCL has been found in other glass-formers, both molecular and polymeric, and its temperature dependence in PI is similar to that for other materials. The experimental results are consistent with the predictions from the coupling model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 76 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 6 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 7 BP 2630 EP 2635 DI 10.1021/ma0358071 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 808PT UT WOS:000220581700043 ER PT J AU Chung, SY Jin, N Berger, PR Yu, RH Thompson, PE Lake, R Rommel, SL Kurinec, SK AF Chung, SY Jin, N Berger, PR Yu, RH Thompson, PE Lake, R Rommel, SL Kurinec, SK TI Three-terminal Si-based negative differential resistance circuit element with adjustable peak-to-valley current ratios using a monolithic vertical integration SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERBAND TUNNELING DIODES; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; GAIN AB Si-based resonant bipolar transistors are demonstrated by the monolithic vertical integration of Si-based resonant interband tunnel diodes atop the emitter of Si/SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) on a silicon substrate. In the common emitter configuration, I-C versus V-CE shows negative differential resistance characteristics. The resulting characteristics are adjustable peak-to-valley current ratios, including infinite and negative values, and tailorable peak current densities by the control of the HBT base current under room temperature operation. With the integrated RITD-HBT combination, latching properties which are the key operating principle for high-speed mixed-signal, memory, and logic circuitry, are experimentally demonstrated. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Microelect & Engn Dept, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Berger, PR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM pberger@ieee.org RI Rommel, Sean/F-9654-2013; Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Rommel, Sean/0000-0001-5996-0813; Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 11 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 5 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 14 BP 2688 EP 2690 DI 10.1063/1.1690109 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 808RS UT WOS:000220586800073 ER PT J AU Means, SL AF Means, SL TI Low-frequency sound generation from breaking surf SO ACOUSTICS RESEARCH LETTERS ONLINE-ARLO LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT NOISE; WAVES; OCEAN; ZONE AB An existing collective oscillation model for low-frequency sound generation from an open-ocean wave is extended to the surf zone. The hemispherical geometry of the open-ocean breaking wave entrained bubble cloud is replaced by a prolate hemispheroidal cloud. A Green's function is obtained for a point source within this cloud. The far-field acoustic intensity is then computed for a distribution of point sources within a cloud. It is hypothesized that cloud resonances, assuming a "long'' orientation is applicable, are determined by the minor-axis length for cloud sizes observed in the surf zone at frequencies of interest here. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Means, SL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7120,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM means@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1529-7853 J9 ACOUST RES LETT ONL JI Acoust. Res. Lett. Online-ARLO PD APR PY 2004 VL 5 IS 2 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1121/1.1636502 PG 6 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 801KU UT WOS:000220095600002 ER PT J AU Gaumond, CF AF Gaumond, CF TI Broadband information transfer from oceanic sound transmission SO ACOUSTICS RESEARCH LETTERS ONLINE-ARLO LA English DT Article AB A method is presented for determining the amount of information transferred through an oceanic channel caused by a variation of source position. The method generalizes to parameters other than source position. The amount of information transferred is shown to depend on the modulation by propagation and also the signal to noise ratio of the data. A simple numerical example is presented for a single, fixed receiver and a broadband source at a variable position in a two-mode channel. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Naval Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Naval Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gaumond@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1529-7853 J9 ACOUST RES LETT ONL JI Acoust. Res. Lett. Online-ARLO PD APR PY 2004 VL 5 IS 2 BP 44 EP 49 DI 10.1121/1.1638405 PG 6 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 801KU UT WOS:000220095600007 ER PT J AU Thibodeau, KP Viera, AJ AF Thibodeau, KP Viera, AJ TI Atypical pathogens and challenges in community-acquired pneumonia SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; IN-VITRO; LEGIONELLOSIS; AZITHROMYCIN; MANAGEMENT; CLARITHROMYCIN; MULTICENTER; INFECTIONS AB Atypical organisms such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila are implicated in up to 40 percent of cases of community-acquired pneumonia. Antibiotic treatment is empiric and includes coverage for both typical and atypical organisms. Doxycycline, a fluoroquinolone with enhanced activity against Streptococcurs pneumoniae, or a macrolide is appropriate for outpatient treatment of immunocompetent adult patients. Hospitalized adults should be treated with cefotaxime or ceftriaxone plus a macrolide, or with a fluoroquinolone alone. The same agents can be used in adult patients in intensive care units, although fluoroquinolone monotherapy is not recommended; ampicillin-sulbactam or piperacillin-tazobactam can be used instead of cefotaxime or ceftriaxone. Outpatient treatment of children two months to five years of,age consists of high-dose amoxicillin given for seven to 10 days. A single dose of ceftriaxone can be used in infants when the first dose of antibiotic is likely to be delayed or not absorbed. Older children can be treated with a macrolide. Hospitalized children should be treated with a macrolide plus a beta-lactam inhibitor. in a bioterrorist attack, pulmonary illness may result from the organisms that cause anthrax, plague, or tularemia. Sudden acute respiratory syndrome begins with a flu-like illness, followed two to seven days later by cough, dyspnea and, in some instances, acute respiratory distress. C1 USN, Naval Hosp Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Thibodeau, KP (reprint author), USN, Naval Hosp Sigonella, PSC 836,Box 0036, FPO, AE 09636 USA. EM kthibodeau@sig.med.navy.mil NR 38 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD APR 1 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 7 BP 1699 EP 1706 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 811GR UT WOS:000220760900010 PM 15086042 ER PT J AU Thompson, LV AF Thompson, LV TI The three German navies: Dissolution, transition, and new beginnings, 1945-1960. SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Thompson, LV (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD APR PY 2004 VL 109 IS 2 BP 636 EP 637 DI 10.1086/530520 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 816VP UT WOS:000221137700183 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK AF Ryan, MAK TI Unnecessary losses - Deaths in military recruit training SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM ryan@nhrc.navy.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2004 VL 26 IS 3 BP 250 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2003.12.006 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 804SU UT WOS:000220319200011 PM 15026107 ER PT J AU Jiang, J Chan, TC Temenak, JJ Dasch, GA Ching, WM Richards, AL AF Jiang, J Chan, TC Temenak, JJ Dasch, GA Ching, WM Richards, AL TI Development of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay specific for Orientia tsutsugamushi SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; PROTEIN ANTIGEN R56; SCRUB TYPHUS; RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; FLOW ASSAY; ANTIBODIES; DIAGNOSIS; AMPLIFICATION; EXPRESSION; CHIGGERS AB Two specific and sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed to detect and quantitate Orientia tsutsugamushi, the agent of scrub typhus, using a portion of the 47-kD outer membrane protein antigen/ high temperature requirement A gene as the target. A selected 47-kD protein gene primer pair amplified a 118-basepair fragment from all 26 strains of O. tsutsugamushi evaluated, but it did not produce amplicons when 17 Rickettsia and 18 less-related bacterial nucleic acid extracts were tested. Similar agent specificity for the real-time PCR assay, which used the same primers and a 31-basepair fluorescent probe, was demonstrated. This sensitive and quantitative assay determination of the content of O. tsutsugamushi nucleic acid used a plasmid containing the entire 47-kD gene from the Kato strain as a standard. Enumeration of the copies of O. tsutsugamushi DNA extracted from infected tissues from mice and monkeys following experimental infection with Orientia showed 27-5,552 copies/muL of mouse blood, 14,448-86,012 copies/muL of mouse liver/spleen homogenate, and 3-21 copies/muL of monkey blood. C1 USN, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. US FDA, Div Vaccines & Related Prod Applicat, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Jiang, J (reprint author), USN, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM JiangJ@nmrc.navy.mil; ChanC@nmrc.navy.mil NR 44 TC 97 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2004 VL 70 IS 4 BP 351 EP 356 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 814RI UT WOS:000220991400003 PM 15100446 ER PT J AU Blair, PJ Schoeler, GB Moron, C Anaya, E Caceda, R Cespedes, N Cruz, C Felices, V Guevara, C Huaman, A Luckett, R Mendoza, L Richards, AL Rios, Z Sumner, JW Villaseca, P Olson, JG AF Blair, PJ Schoeler, GB Moron, C Anaya, E Caceda, R Cespedes, N Cruz, C Felices, V Guevara, C Huaman, A Luckett, R Mendoza, L Richards, AL Rios, Z Sumner, JW Villaseca, P Olson, JG TI Evidence of rickettsial and leptospfra infections in andean northern Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; Q-FEVER; SPOTTED-FEVER; LEPTOSPIROSIS; DIAGNOSIS; REGION; SPP. AB Between May and October 2002, a cluster of acute febrile illnesses occurred in the subtropical Andean foothills of Peru. Serologic evidence in villages where disease had been documented showed that the prevalence of IgM antibody to Leptospira ranged from 6% to 52%, that of IgM antibody to spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsia ranged from 10% to 19%. and that of IgM antibody to Coxiella burnetii from 1% to 15%. Measurement of IgG antibodies for SFG rickettsiae suggested that this disease was endemic. In contrast, IgG antibodies against C burnetii were largely absent. In humans. microagglutination tests identified pathogenic variants of Leptospira. The presence of an SFG rickettsial infection was confirmed in four febrile patients following polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the conserved 17-kD common antigen gene (htrA). Collectively. these analyses indicated that Rickettsia sp., C. burnetii, and Leptospira sp. were circulating in the region during the time of disease outbreak and implicate the involvement of all as yet undetermined SFG rickettsia in northwestern Peru. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. NIH, Minist Hlth, Lima, Peru. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blair, PJ (reprint author), USN, Viral Dis Program, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. EM blair@nmred.med.navy.mil; george.schoeler@ndvecc.navy.mil; cmoron@bcm.tmc.edu; richardsA@nmrc.navv.mil; jws3@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2004 VL 70 IS 4 BP 357 EP 363 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 814RI UT WOS:000220991400004 PM 15100447 ER PT J AU Manos, GH Wechsler, SM AF Manos, GH Wechsler, SM TI Transient ischemic attack reported with paroxetine use SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE paroxetine; SSRIs; TIA; transient ischemic attack; vasoconstriction ID SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; DRUG-INTERACTIONS; NITRIC-OXIDE; PHARMACOKINETICS; STROKE; VASOCONSTRICTION; ASSOCIATION; RECEPTORS; ARTERY AB OBJECTIVE: To report the occurrence of a transient ischemic attack (TIA) temporally related to the initiation of paroxetine. CASE SUMMARY: A 57-year-old white man with a history of intermittent atrial fibrillation and hypercholesterolemia developed slurred speech and a facial droop 3 days after starting paroxetine. He was diagnosed with a TIA, hospitalized, and given anticoagulation treatment. The presenting symptoms resolved, but recurred when paroxetine was restarted 2 days later. DISCUSSION: Platelets secrete serotonin, which mediates vasoconstriction through stimulation of 5-HT2a. receptors. This is counterbalanced by the release of the vasodilator nitric oxide upon serotonin stimulation of endothelial 5-HT1 receptors. In conditions such as atherosclerosis, the damage to the endothelium leads to a greater vasoconstrictive response. Paroxetine has been reported to weakly inhibit norepinephrine reuptake and nitric oxide production in addition to increasing serotonergic activity, potentially compounding the vasoconstrictive response. An objective causality assessment revealed that the TIA was probably an adverse event resulting from use of paroxetine. CONCLUSIONS: Use of paroxetine and other selective serotonin-re uptake inhibitors may result in changes of the vasculature and subsequent ischemic events in predisposed patients. C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Manos, GH (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM ghmanos@mar.med.navy.mil NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD APR PY 2004 VL 38 IS 4 BP 617 EP 620 DI 10.1345/aph.1D304 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 802YX UT WOS:000220199900017 PM 14966255 ER PT J AU Chen, L Wang, WH Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, L Wang, WH Sun, FR Wu, C TI Closed intercooled regenerator Brayton-cycle with constant-temperature heat-reservoirs SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE finite-time thermodynamics; brayton cycle; intercooled; regenerated ID POWER-DENSITY OPTIMIZATION; ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; CARNOT ENGINE; MAXIMUM POWER; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY; OUTPUT AB The performance of an irreversible closed intercooled regenerator Brayton-cycle coupled to constant-temperature heat reservoirs is analyzed by using the theory of finite-time thermodynamics (FTT). Analytical formulae for dimensionless power and efficiency are derived. Especially, the intercooling pressure-ratio is optimized for the optimal power and the optimal efficiency, respectively. The effects of component (the intercooler, the regenerator, and the hot- and cold-side heat-exchangers) effectivenesses, the compressor and turbine efficiencies, the heat-reservoir temperature-ratio, and the temperature ratio of the cooling fluid in the intercooler and the cold-side heat reservoir on the optimal power and the corresponding efficiency and corresponding intercooling pressure ratio, as well as the optimal efficiency and the corresponding power and corresponding intercooling pressure-ratio are analyzed by detailed numerical examples. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@public.wh.hb.cn NR 29 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD APR PY 2004 VL 77 IS 4 BP 429 EP 446 DI 10.1016/S0306-2619(03)00154-5 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 764DK UT WOS:000188186200005 ER PT J AU Sydor, M Gould, RW Arnone, RA Haltrin, VI Goode, W AF Sydor, M Gould, RW Arnone, RA Haltrin, VI Goode, W TI Uniqueness in remote sensing of the inherent optical properties of ocean water SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE; ABSORPTION AB We examine the problem of uniqueness in the relationship between the remote-sensing reflectance (Rrs) and the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of ocean water. The results point to the fact that diffuse reflectance of plane irradiance from ocean water is inherently ambiguous. Furthermore, in the 400 < lambda < 750 nm region of the spectrum, Rrs(lambda) also suffers from ambiguity caused by the similarity in wavelength dependence of the coefficients of absorption by particulate matter and of absorption by colored dissolved organic matter. The absorption coefficients have overlapping exponential responses, which lead to the fact that more than one combination of IOPs can produce nearly the same Rrs spectrum. This ambiguity in absorption parameters demands that we identify the regions of the Rrs spectrum where we can isolate the effects that are due only to scattering by particulates and to absorption by pure water. The results indicate that the spectral shape of the absorption coefficient of phytoplankton, a(ph)(lambda), cannot be derived from a multiparameter fit to Rrs(lambda). However, the magnitude and the spectral dependence of the absorption coefficient can be estimated from the difference between the measured Rrs(lambda) and the best fit to Rrs(lambda) in terms of IOPs that exclude a(ph)(lambda). (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sydor, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM msydor@ub.d.umn.edu NR 13 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 1 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 10 BP 2156 EP 2162 DI 10.1364/AO.43.002156 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 807HY UT WOS:000220493800024 PM 15074426 ER PT J AU Ojha, R Fey, AL Johnston, KJ Jauncey, DL Tzioumis, AK Reynolds, JE AF Ojha, R Fey, AL Johnston, KJ Jauncey, DL Tzioumis, AK Reynolds, JE TI VLBI observations of the gigahertz-peaked spectrum galaxy PKS 1934-638 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (PKS 1934-638); galaxies : jets; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics ID COMPACT STEEP-SPECTRUM; RADIO-SOURCES; SYMMETRICAL OBJECTS; REFERENCE FRAME; GHZ; EVOLUTION; AGES; SAMPLE AB We present 8.4 GHz VLBI observations of the gigahertz-peaked spectrum source PKS 1934 - 638 made with the Australian Long Baseline Array. Our observations confirm the compact double nature of the source and yield measured separations of 42.7 +/- 0.4 mas at epoch 2002 July and 42.6 +/- 0.3 mas at epoch 2002 November, which, when combined with previous observations, yield a rate of separation of 23 +/- 10 muas yr(-1). This result suggests that over a timescale of 32.1 yr, the separation of the two components has changed marginally. Nominally, this provides support to the emerging consensus that compact symmetric objects (CSOs) are young sources. Our measurement of hot spot separation has, to our knowledge, the longest temporal coverage for a CSO reported in the literature. C1 CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Ojha, R (reprint author), CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, POB 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. EM rojha@atnf.csiro.au NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2004 VL 127 IS 4 BP 1977 EP 1981 DI 10.1086/382724 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 811WI UT WOS:000220801600009 ER PT J AU Balick, B Hajian, AR AF Balick, B Hajian, AR TI NGC 6543. II. Understanding the dilation of the cat's eye SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; planetary nebulae : individual (NGC 6543); stars : winds, outflows ID PLANETARY-NEBULAE; SHAPES AB Hubble Space Telescope images of NGC 6543 taken in 1994.7 and 2000.7 reveal a pattern of overall expansion of its core over 6 years. Spatial scale changes of the sharp edges of filamentary structures are consistent with purely radial motions. One prolate ellipsoid, E25, lies along the overall symmetry axis of the core. We find that it expands uniformly with an expansion age of 1300 yr. Around it is an unusual feature that appears like the projection of two bubbles joined at a common waist called E105 along the minor axis of the core. The bubbles, whose outline defines the core of NGC 6543, expands with an expansion age of 1500 yr; however, the growth rate of its waist, E105, is about 70% larger than the bubbles. We show how this can be explained geometrically. Three pairs of sinewy low-ionization features, called caps, ansae, and jets, are seen at or beyond the perimeter of the core. Our studies of these features suggest that their expansion ages are somewhat larger than those of E25 or the bubbles. In addition, we find that the [O III] surface brightness has generally increased by as much as 3% and the [N II] flux has decreased by about 7% or more in 6 yr. Flux changes like these are expected for an expanding nebula whose densities and recombination rates decrease and as dense filaments become more permeable to ionizing radiation. We discuss the potential applicability of the interacting stellar wind (ISW) model to the various components in the core of NGC 6543. ISW is very congruent with the structure and expansion of E25. It may apply also to the E105/bubble complex, although this is far from clear. ISW cannot account for the morphologies or formation of the caps, ansae, and jets. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Balick, B (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM balick@astro.washington.edu; hajian@usno.navy.mil NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2004 VL 127 IS 4 BP 2269 EP 2276 DI 10.1086/382521 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 811WI UT WOS:000220801600028 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Atoyan, A AF Dermer, CD Atoyan, A TI Neutral beam model for the anomalous gamma-ray emission component in GRB 941017 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma ray bursts; cosmic rays; radiation processes ID ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; SPECTRAL COMPONENT; SHOCK MODEL; BURSTS AB Gonzalez et al. (2003) have reported the discovery of an anomalous radiation component from approximate to1-200 MeV in GRB 941017. This component varies independently of and contains greater than or similar to3x the energy found in the prompt similar to50 keV-1 MeV radiation component that is well described by the relativistic synchrotron-shock model. Acceleration of hadrons to very high energies can give rise to two additional emission components, one produced inside the GRB blast wave and one associated with all escaping beam of ultra-high energy (UHE; greater than or similar to10(14) eV) neutrons, gamma rays, and neutrinos. The first component extending to similar to100 MeV is from a pair-photon cascade induced by photomeson processes with the internal synchrotron photons coincident with the prompt radiation. The outflowing UHE neutral beam Call undergo further interactions with external photons from the backscattered photon field to produce a beam of hyper-relativistic electrons that lose most of their energy during a fraction of a gyroperiod in the assumed Gauss-strength magnetic fields of the circumburst medium. The synchrotron radiation of these electrons has a Spectrum with vF(v) index equal to +1 that can explain the anomalous component in GRB 941017. This interpretation of the spectrum of GRB 941017 requires a high baryon load of the accelerated particles in GRB blast waves. It implies that most of the radiation associated with the anomalous component is released at 500 MeV, suitable for observations with GLAST, and with a comparable energy fluence in similar to100 TeV neutrinos that Could he detected with a kin-scale neutrino telescope like IceCube. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech Math, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil; atoyan@crm.umontreal.ca NR 21 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 2004 VL 418 IS 1 BP L5 EP L8 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20040108 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 819FH UT WOS:000221299500002 ER PT J AU Krzesinski, J Nitta, A Kleinman, SJ Harris, HC Liebert, J Schmidt, G Lamb, DQ Brinkmann, J AF Krzesinski, J Nitta, A Kleinman, SJ Harris, HC Liebert, J Schmidt, G Lamb, DQ Brinkmann, J TI Fifteen DO, PG 1159 and related white dwarf stars in the SDSS, including two DO stars with ultra-high excitation ion lines SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : white dwarfs; techniques : spectroscopic; line : identification ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ABSORPTION-LINES; HOT; RICH; TEMPERATURES; CALIBRATION; EMISSION; SYSTEM AB We report on observations of 15 spectroscopically-identified DO stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) database, 13 of which are new discoveries. There are four PG 1159 type stars, two DO stars showing ultra-high excitation ion features (C-VI, N-VII, O-VII, O-VIII, Ne-IX, Ne-X) likely formed in stellar winds, 6 normal DO stars, one DBO and DBAO star, and one DAO star, which may also be magnetic. Since roughly 60 DO stars were known up to now, this new finding substantially increases the number of known DO white dwarf stars and we expect to at least double the current number of known DO stars by the end of the SDSS. We present each spectrum and provide catalog information (magnitudes, proper motion, coordinates) for each star. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Krzesinski, J (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Apache Point Observ, POB 59, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. EM jurek@apo.nmsu.edu NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 2004 VL 417 IS 3 BP 1093 EP 1099 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20035709 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 819FG UT WOS:000221299400032 ER PT J AU Laming, JM AF Laming, JM TI On collisionless electron-ion temperature equilibration in the fast solar wind SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : abundances; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID POLAR CORONAL HOLES; DIFFERENTIAL FLOW SPEEDS; X-RAY-EMISSION; CASSIOPEIA-A; ACCELERATED ELECTRONS; DENSITY-FLUCTUATIONS; ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS; IONIZATION BALANCE; RATE COEFFICIENTS; COMET HALLEY AB We explore a mechanism, entirely new to the fast solar wind, of electron heating by lower hybrid waves to explain the shift to higher charge states observed in various elements in the fast wind at 1 AU relative to the original coronal hole plasma. This process is a variation on that previously discussed for two-temperature accretion flows by Begelman & Chiueh. Lower hybrid waves are generated by gyrating minor ions (mainly alpha-particles) and become significant once strong ion cyclotron heating sets in beyond 1.5 R-circle dot. In this way the model avoids conflict with SUMER electron temperature diagnostic measurements between 1 and 1.5 R-circle dot. The principal requirement for such a process to work is the existence of density gradients in the fast solar wind, with scale length of similar order to the proton inertial length. Similar size structures have previously been inferred by other authors from radio scintillation observations and considerations of ion cyclotron wave generation by global resonant MHD waves. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Code 7674L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jlaming@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 75 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2004 VL 604 IS 2 BP 874 EP 883 DI 10.1086/382066 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 807SX UT WOS:000220522300038 ER PT J AU Kozlovsky, B Murphy, RJ Share, GH AF Kozlovsky, B Murphy, RJ Share, GH TI Positron-emitter production in solar flares from He-3 reactions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; Sun : flares; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID RAY LINE MEASUREMENTS; ALPHA-PARTICLES; EXCITATION FUNCTIONS; MAGNETIC LOOPS; CROSS SECTIONS; 3HE PARTICLES; HE3 IONS; ABUNDANCES; DIRECTIONALITY; ACCELERATION AB We treat in detail positron production from the decay of radioactive nuclei produced in nuclear reactions of accelerated He-3. Because of their large cross sections and low threshold energies, these reactions can significantly contribute to positron production in solar flares with accelerated-particle compositions enriched in He-3. The addition of these He-3 reactions extends earlier calculations of positron production by accelerated protons and alpha-particles. He-3 reactions not only add significantly to the total positron yield in flares, but can also yield a positron depth distribution that peaks higher in the solar atmosphere. We discuss the impact these reactions have on the analysis of the annihilation line observed with RHESSI from the 2002 July 23 flare. A significant contribution from He-3 reactions expands the utility of the annihilation line as a sensitive tool for investigating the structure of the flaring solar atmosphere. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kozlovsky, B (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. NR 41 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2004 VL 604 IS 2 BP 892 EP 899 DI 10.1086/381969 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 807SX UT WOS:000220522300040 ER PT J AU Stassun, KG Mathieu, RD Vaz, LPR Stroud, N Vrba, FJ AF Stassun, KG Mathieu, RD Vaz, LPR Stroud, N Vrba, FJ TI Dynamical mass constraints on low-mass pre-main-sequence stellar evolutionary tracks: An eclipsing binary in Orion with a 1.0 M-circle dot primary and a 0.7 M-circle dot secondary SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; binaries : spectroscopic; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : pre-main-sequence ID T-TAURI STARS; CLUSTER FLANKING FIELDS; NEBULA CLUSTER; MOLECULAR CLOUD; LIGHT CURVES; YOUNG STARS; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARY; DISTANCE SCALE; B-STARS; MODELS AB We report the discovery of a double-lined, spectroscopic, eclipsing binary in the Orion star-forming region. We analyze the system spectroscopically and photometrically to empirically determine precise, distance-independent masses, radii, effective temperatures, and luminosities for both components. The measured masses for the primary and secondary, accurate to similar to1%, are 1.01 and 0.73 M., respectively; thus, the primary is a definitive pre-main-sequence solar analog, and the secondary is the lowest-mass star yet discovered among pre-main-sequence eclipsing binary systems. We use these fundamental measurements to test the predictions of pre-main-sequence stellar evolutionary tracks. None of the models we examined correctly predict the masses of the two components simultaneously, and we implicate differences between the theoretical and empirical effective temperature scales for this failing. All of the models predict the observed slope of the mass-radius relationship reasonably well, though the observations tend to favor models with low convection efficiencies. Indeed, considering our newly determined mass measurements together with other dynamical mass measurements of pre-main-sequence stars in the literature, as well as measurements of Li abundances in these stars, we show that the data strongly favor evolutionary models with inefficient convection in the stellar interior, even though such models cannot reproduce the properties of the present-day Sun. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Fis, BR-30123970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Stassun, KG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM keivan.stassun@vanderbilt.edu NR 68 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD APR PY 2004 VL 151 IS 2 BP 357 EP 385 DI 10.1086/382353 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 807SW UT WOS:000220522200008 ER PT J AU Jagoe, JM Magann, EF Chauhan, SP Morrison, JC AF Jagoe, JM Magann, EF Chauhan, SP Morrison, JC TI Does the frequency of outpatient visits in addition to the regularly scheduled prenatal visits identify a poor pregnancy outcome? SO AUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE outpatient visits; pregnancy; prenatal visits ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; ANTENATAL CARE AB Do extra outpatient visits, in addition to regularly scheduled visits, identify a pregnancy at risk of an adverse outcome? This prospective investigation analysed additional outpatient visits, by low-risk obstetric patients. One hundred and sixty-two women were evaluated with one to two additional visits and 66 had three or more visits. Antepartum and intrapartum pregnancy complications between groups was similar suggesting that frequency of additional visits does not identify a pregnancy at risk for an adverse outcome. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Western Australia, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Spartanburg Reg Healthcare Syst, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Spartanburg, SC USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Morrison, JC (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM jmorrison@ob-gyn.umsmed.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0004-8666 J9 AUST NZ J OBSTET GYN JI Aust. N. Z. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 44 IS 2 BP 149 EP 151 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 949UZ UT WOS:000230814900013 PM 15089840 ER PT J AU Dromsky, DM Spiess, BD Fahlman, A AF Dromsky, DM Spiess, BD Fahlman, A TI Treatment of decompression sickness in swine with intravenous perfluorocarbon emulsion SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE DCS; saturation diving; perfluorochemicals; steroids ID PROTECTION; DAMAGE; OXYGEN AB Background: We examined an adjunctive treatment for severe decompression sickness (DCS) to be used when hyperbaric treatment is delayed or unavailable. Hypothesis: it has been hypothesized that intravenous perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion combined with 100% inspired O-2 would improve the outcome in severe DCS. Methods: Swine (n = 45) were compressed to 4.9 ATA on air for 22 h and brought directly to 1 ATA at 0.9 ATA . min(-1). The animals were then randomized to three groups. The first group breathed ambient air, the second group breathed 100% O-2, and a third group received 6 ml. kg(-1) of perflubron emulsion (Oxygent(TM)) intravenously and breathed 100% O-2, Outcomes of neurological and cardiopulmonary DCS and death were recorded. Results: Animals that received PFC emulsion sustained less DCS (p < 0.01) than the other groups (53% vs. 93%). No animals in the PFC group sustained neurological DCS, which was present in 69% of the subjects in the other two groups. Conclusion: O-2 breathing postdive did not significantly reduce morbidity or mortality in this model. Postdive treatment with PFC emulsion and 1009% O-2 decreased the incidence of DCS after nonstop decompression from saturation. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Dromsky, DM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Fahlman, Andreas/A-2901-2011 OI Fahlman, Andreas/0000-0002-8675-6479 NR 21 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2004 VL 75 IS 4 BP 301 EP 305 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 809AK UT WOS:000220609400001 PM 15086118 ER PT J AU Mulvaney, SP Mattoussi, HM Whitman, LJ AF Mulvaney, SP Mattoussi, HM Whitman, LJ TI Incorporating fluorescent dyes and quantum dots into magnetic microbeads for immunoassays SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; PARTICLES; GMR; DNA; MAGNETORESISTANCE; MULTILAYERS; TECHNOLOGY; SEPARATOR; SENSORS AB Microbeads that are both paramagnetic and fluorescently labeled are commercially available in colors spanning the visible spectrum. Although these commercial beads can be bright, polydispersity in both size and fluorescent intensity limit their use in quantitative assays. Very recently, more monodisperse beads have become available, but their large size and surface properties make them less than ideal for some bioassay applications. Here we describe methods to customize commercial nonfluorescent magnetic microparticles with fluorescent dyes and quantum dots (QDs) without affecting their magnetic or surface chemical properties. Fluorescent dyes and 3.3-nm diameter CdSe/ZnS QDs were sequestered within 0.8-mum diameter magnetic beads by swelling the polystyrene matrix of the bead in organic solvent, letting the chromophores partition, and then collapsing the matrix in polar solvents. Chromophore incorporation has been characterized using both UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy, with an average of 3 X 10(8) rhodamine 6G molecules/bead and 6 X 10(4) QDs/bead. The modified beads are uniform in size and intensity, with optical properties comparable to currently available commercial beads. Immunoassay results obtained with our custom fluorescent magnetic microbeads are consistent with those obtained using conventional magnetic microbeads. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitman, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6177, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM whitman@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 23 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 10 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD APR PY 2004 VL 36 IS 4 BP 602 EP + PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 811VC UT WOS:000220798400009 PM 15088378 ER PT J AU Amin, A Cross, LE AF Amin, A Cross, LE TI Intermediate states in Pb((B1/3B2/3II)-B-I)O-3-PbTiO3 ferroelectric single crystals SO BRITISH CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectrics held in of Honour of Eric Cross CY SEP 21-23, 2003 CL Univ Leeds, Leeds, ENGLAND SP UD Off Naval Res Int Field Off London HO Univ Leeds DE electromechanical properties; ferroelectric single crystals; intermediate states; morphotropic phase boundary; piezoelectric coefficient ID PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; POLARIZATION ROTATION; PHASE; BEHAVIOR; PBTIO3 AB Optical and dielectric studies of oriented and poled single crystal compositions on both sides of the morphotropic phase boundary in (1-x)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3- xPbTiO(3) have revealed an intermediate, metastable, ferroelectric orthorhombic state (F-O) in a narrow composition range between the ferroelectric rhombohedral (F-R) and tetragonal (F-T) phases, which has also been identified from pyroelectric and dielectric data. Recently published structural data confirm this orthorhombic state for 0.08100degreesC increase in organic modified layered silicate thermal stability. Using mass spectrometry and thermal and electrochemical analysis, N,N-dimethyl-N,N-dioctadecyl quaternary ammonium-modified montmorillonite and fluorinated synthetic mica were found to degrade primarily through elimination and nucleophilic attack by these anions. The nature of residual bromides was identified and quantified, and the efficiency of removing these anions was found to be solvent dependent; sequential extraction, first ethanol then tetrahydrofuran, gave the best results. This exhaustive extraction method represents a viable alternative to the use of expensive, more thermally stable oniumion treatments for layered silicates. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Labs, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN Acad, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. US FDA, CFSAN, Instrumentat & Biophys Branch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Davis, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Labs, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.davis@nist.gov NR 11 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 12 PU CLAY MINERALS SOC PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY, STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD APR PY 2004 VL 52 IS 2 BP 171 EP 179 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520203 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 813LZ UT WOS:000220909900003 ER PT J AU Frenck, RW Mansour, A Nakhla, I Sultan, Y Putnam, S Wierzba, T Morsy, M Knirsch, C AF Frenck, RW Mansour, A Nakhla, I Sultan, Y Putnam, S Wierzba, T Morsy, M Knirsch, C TI Short-course azithromycin for the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in children and adolescents SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT SALMONELLA-TYPHI; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; CEFTRIAXONE; CHLORAMPHENICOL; CIPROFLOXACIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; THERAPY; EGYPT; INDIA AB We studied 149 children and adolescents 3-17 years of age with clinical typhoid fever who were treated with either oral azithromycin (20 mg/kg per day; maximum dose, 1000 mg/day) or intravenous ceftriaxone (75 mg/day; maximum dose, 2.5 g/day) daily for 5 days. Blood and stool specimens were obtained for culture before the initiation of therapy and were repeated on days 4 and 8 of treatment. Isolation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi or S. enterica serovar Paratyphi from the initial culture was required for inclusion in the final analysis. S. Typhi was isolated from 68 patients, 32 of whom were receiving azithromycin. Cure was achieved in 30 (94%) of 32 patients in the azithromycin group and in 35 (97%) of 36 patients in the ceftriaxone group (P=NS). Mean time to clearance of bacteremia was longer in the azithromycin group than in the ceftriaxone group. No patient who received azithromycin had a relapse, compared with 6 patients who received ceftriaxone. A 5-day course of azithromycin was found to be an effective treatment for uncomplicated typhoid fever in children and adolescents. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Enter Dis Res Program, FPO, AE 09835 USA. Abbassia Fever Hosp, Cairo, Egypt. Pfizer Pharmaceut Inc, Cairo, Egypt. Pfizer Pharmaceut Inc, New York, NY USA. RP Frenck, RW (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Enter Dis Res Program, PSC 452,Box 121,Attent Code 101C, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM FrenckR@namru3.org NR 27 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 7 BP 951 EP 957 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 805AF UT WOS:000220338500010 PM 15034826 ER PT J AU Parr, T Hanson-Parr, D AF Parr, T Hanson-Parr, D TI Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine/glycidyl azide polymer/butanetriol trinitrate propellant flame structure SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine; glycidyl azide polymer; butanetriol trinitrate; flame structure; combustion diagnostics ID LASER-INDUCED DECOMPOSITION; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; POLYMER GAP; RDX; COMBUSTION; TEMPERATURE; DIAGNOSTICS; PYROLYSIS; PRODUCTS AB The nonintrusive techniques of planar laser-induced fluorescence, ultraviolet/visible absorption spectroscopy, and spontaneous laser Raman spectroscopy were used to map out species and temperature profiles above the surface of self-deflagating cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX)/glycidyl azide polymer (GAP)/butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN) model propellant with a pseudo premixed flame. CO, H2O, NO2, and H2CO were found to be the major species at the surface, NO, CO, H2O, and HCN in the dark zone, and CO, H-2, H2O, and CO2 in the burnt gases. A dark zone of about 1400-1450 K was observed in which the NO and HCN concentrations were at their highest, about 15.5 and 13.5 mol%, respectively. NO2 peaked close to the surface at about 5 mol%. Formaldehyde and N2O were also observed in the gas phase, peaking at the surface at about 7 and 8 mol%, respectively. Thermal diffusivity and specific heat capacity as a function of temperature were also measured. Analysis of thermocouple measurements showed a surface temperature of 785 K. Comparisons are made between this propellant and the previously investigated cyclotetramethylene trinitramine (RDX) analog. (C) 2004 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Parr, T (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM timothy.parr@navy.mil NR 44 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD APR PY 2004 VL 137 IS 1-2 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.01.001 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 813LK UT WOS:000220908400002 ER PT J AU Sammons, MT AF Sammons, MT TI The creation of psychopharmacology SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY-APA REVIEW OF BOOKS LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sammons, MT (reprint author), 7840 Oracle Pl, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. EM msammons@mindspring.com NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 49 IS 2 BP 147 EP 149 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 809IQ UT WOS:000220630800003 ER PT J AU Saguy, C Kalish, R Cytermann, C Teukam, Z Chevallier, J Jomard, F Tromson-Carli, A Butler, JE Baron, C Deneuville, A AF Saguy, C Kalish, R Cytermann, C Teukam, Z Chevallier, J Jomard, F Tromson-Carli, A Butler, JE Baron, C Deneuville, A TI n-type diamond with high room temperature electrical conductivity by deuteration of boron doped diamond layers SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Salzburg, AUSTRIA SP AIXTRON AG, Elsevier Ltd, Iplas Innovat Plasma, Jobin Yvon GbmH, KINIK, Renishaw Plc, Roth & Rau, Seki Technotron, UralAlmazInvest Co DE doped diamond; electrical properties; defect-complexes ID ION-IMPLANTATION; THIN-FILMS; PHOSPHORUS; HYDROGEN; GROWTH AB The conversion of the conductivity of B-doped homoepitaxially grown diamond layers from p- to n-type upon deuteration and its reconversion to p-type following annealing is extensively studied. Several B doped samples have been converted to n-type when exposed to a deuterium plasma at approximately 500 degreesC. The n-type features are related to D uptake of the samples. The donors, thus formed, have an ionization energy of approximately 0.34 eV below the conduction band edge and a high RT (room temperature) mobility (up to 430 cm(2)/V s), as determined by Hall effect measurements as a function of temperature. In the B-doped layers that do convert to n-type upon deuteration, the D to B concentration ratio is found to be in the range of one to two. Higher D uptake (D to B ratio much greater than2) must be connected to B-doped layers containing a large amount of growth defects, which trap the D. The exact nature of the donor is yet unknown. However, the reversibility of the effect and its relationship with the D concentrations suggest that deuterium is involved in the formation of some complex with B or with some other defects. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Inst Solid State, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. CNRS, UMR 8635, Lab Phys Solides & Cristallogenese, F-92195 Meudon, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CNRS, Etud Proprietes Elect Solides Lab, F-38042 Grenoble 09, France. RP Saguy, C (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM sscecile@tx.technion.ac.il RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD APR-AUG PY 2004 VL 13 IS 4-8 BP 700 EP 704 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2003.11.066 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 824MQ UT WOS:000221691100029 ER PT J AU Voigt, KA AF Voigt, KA TI Pick any system: What is the real cost? SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The realities of a system's development process are described by the cliche: "Pay me now or pay me later." Everything costs something - there is no free lunch. However, there are less costly lunches. We are driven to lessen the cost, while still trying to garner the same or greater value. All decisions have a relative cost associated with them, in both the short- and long-term. Further, this cost is seen differently by those who pay it, than by those who make the decisions that incur it - they are often not the same people. Yet it should always be our charge to manage the reduction of those costs over the life cycle, not just under our watch. C1 USN, Naval Air Depot, Jacksonville, FL 32215 USA. RP Voigt, KA (reprint author), USN, Naval Air Depot, Code 4-8-9-2,6209 Aviat Blvd, Jacksonville, FL 32215 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD APR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 813DS UT WOS:000220888400003 ER PT J AU Farquharson, G Junek, WN Ramanathan, A Frasier, SJ Tessier, R McLaughlin, DJ Sletten, MA Toporkov, JV AF Farquharson, Gordon Junek, William N. Ramanathan, Arun Frasier, Stephen J. Tessier, Russell McLaughlin, David J. Sletten, Mark A. Toporkov, Jakov V. TI A Pod-Based Dual-Beam SAR SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Interferometry; sea surface scattering; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) AB A dual-beam along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar that is entirely self-contained within an aircraft pod has been developed by the University of Massachusetts to study sea surface processes in coastal regions. The radar operates at 5.3 GHz with a bandwidth of up to 25 MHz. System hardware is described. Initial test flights aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's WP-3D research aircraft were performed to evaluate system performance over land and water surfaces. Imagery were collected for fore and aft squinted beams, though no interferometric data were collected. Notable look-angle dependences are observed in the sea surface normalized radar cross section under very low wind conditions. C1 [Farquharson, Gordon; Frasier, Stephen J.] Univ Massachusetts, Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Junek, William N.] Command Technol Inc, Kemerait Engn Div, Patrick Afb, FL 32925 USA. [Ramanathan, Arun] Qualcomm Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [McLaughlin, David J.] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Collaborating Adapt Sensing Atmosphere, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Sletten, Mark A.; Toporkov, Jakov V.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tessier, Russell] Univ Massachusetts, Reconfigurable Comp Grp, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Farquharson, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM gordon@mirsl.ecs.umass.edu; tessier@ecs.umass.edu; mclaughlin@ecs.umass.edu; sletten@nrl.navy.mil RI Frasier, Stephen/H-1536-2015; OI Frasier, Stephen/0000-0003-4287-2889; Farquharson, Gordon/0000-0002-3052-1646 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-98-1-0612]; Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP); Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Naval Research Laboratory [WU 72-8027] FX Manuscript received August 20, 2003; revised January 17, 2004. This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant Remote Sensing N00014-98-1-0612, in part by the Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP), in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and in part by the Naval Research Laboratory under Grant "Physics of INSAR-Based Ocean Surface Current Measurent" WU 72-8027. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD APR PY 2004 VL 1 IS 2 BP 62 EP 65 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2004.826553 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA V23ED UT WOS:000208325200007 ER PT J AU Fialkowski, JA Gauss, RC Drumheller, DM AF Fialkowski, JA Gauss, RC Drumheller, DM TI Measurements and modeling of low-frequency near-surface scattering statistics SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE bubble clouds; clutter; fish; non-Rayleigh; Poisson-Rayleigh; scattering; surface scattering; volume scattering ID AMPLITUDE PROBABILITY FUNCTIONS; SEA-SURFACE; ACOUSTIC BACKSCATTER; REVERBERATION; FLUCTUATIONS; VARIABILITY; BOUNDARY; CLUTTER; VOLUME; WAVES AB High-resolution acoustic measurements of low-frequency near-surface backscattering at low grazing angles have been made in the open ocean using vertical arrays of coherent sources. Over the range of wind speeds (4-18 m/s) encountered, the normalized data amplitudes exhibited variable non-Rayleigh behavior, from near Rayleigh in the highest sea states to near lognormal in low-to-moderate sea states. Seven probability density function (pdf) models were fit to the data, with the three-component Rayleigh mixture providing the most consistent fits; and the least errors. One pdf model, the Poisson-Rayleigh, provided not only good fits to many data sets, but also physical insights into the scattering process. This model's estimates of the expected number of discrete scatterers ranged from 200/km(2) at low wind speeds to 2000/km(2) at high wind speeds, consistent with the expected densities of fish and subsurface bubble clouds, respectively. These results are encouraging with regard to developing physical models capable of using local results (such as these) to accurately predict long-range reverberation and clutter statistics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fialkowski, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joe@abyss.nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2004 VL 29 IS 2 BP 197 EP 214 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.828973 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 840EF UT WOS:000222839200002 ER PT J AU Barnard, TJ Khan, F AF Barnard, TJ Khan, F TI Statistical normalization of spherically invariant non-Gaussian clutter SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE constant false-alarm rate (CFAR); likelihood-ratio test; spherically invariant random vectors; statistical normalization ID RADAR CLUTTER; REVERBERATION; NOISE AB Conventional detection in active sonar involves comparing the normalized matched filter output power to a fixed preset threshold. Threshold crossings from contacts of interest are labeled as detections and those from undesired clutter echoes as false alarms. To maintain a constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) in the presence of strong transient clutter, the system can either increase the threshold or apply some function that suppresses this background down to an acceptable level. The latter approach leads to a more consistent background on the display, which enables operator-assisted detection. Background clutter suppression should not come at the expense of contact detection; to maximize the probability of detection (PD) for a given probability of false alarm (PFA), the likelihood ratio test (LRT) is used. However, the LRT does not address display issues, since the threshold that achieves a desired PFA varies with the input distribution. Ideally, the LRT output is monotonically transformed using a "statistical normalizer" (SN) that returns a consistent CFAR background without degrading the optimized PD. Within the radar community, clutter suppression is proposed using a LRT tuned to a K-distributed spherically invariant random vector (SIRV) model. However, this model does not lend itself to SN, as a closed-form expression for the LRT output density does not exist. In contrast, the proposed SIRV clutter model, with Pareto distributed power, leads to a closed-form density from which the SN function is readily derived. This combined Pareto-LRT/SN detector nearly matches the optimized PD performance of the K-distributed LRT and maintains a consistent CFAR background for display purposes. C1 Lockheed Martin Corp, Maritime Syst & Sensors Syracuse, Syracuse, NY 13221 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc & Anal Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Barnard, TJ (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Corp, Maritime Syst & Sensors Syracuse, Syracuse, NY 13221 USA. EM Thomas.j.barnard@Imco.com; KhanF@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 21 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2004 VL 29 IS 2 BP 303 EP 309 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.828204 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 840EF UT WOS:000222839200009 ER PT J AU LePage, KD AF LePage, KD TI Statistics of broad-band bottom reverberation predictions in shallow-water waveguides SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic scattering; statistics AB A new coherent reverberation model developed at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, and the Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic Undersea Research Centre, La Spezia, Italy, is exercised in the 17-750-Hz band to estimate the degree of non-Rayleighness of shallow-water reverberation envelopes as a function of waveguide multipath, system bandwidth, directivity, and frequency. Findings suggest that reverberation from diffuse, but non-Gaussian, scatterer distributions is significantly more Rayleigh for multipath environments than for equivalent environments excited by a single or small number of modes or for broadside receiver array processing that extracts narrow angles of reception. These findings suggest that the problem of non-Rayleigh reverberation in shallow-water waveguides can be ameliorated through the use of tuned ensonification and reception schemes, which retain high probabilities of detection while reducing the associated probability of false alarm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP LePage, KD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.lepage@nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2004 VL 29 IS 2 BP 330 EP 346 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.830733 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 840EF UT WOS:000222839200012 ER PT J AU Yang, TC AF Yang, TC TI Differences between passive-phase conjugation and decision-feedback equalizer for underwater acoustic communications SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE decision feedback equalizer (DIFE); passive-phase conjugation (PPC); underwater acoustic communications ID TIME-REVERSAL AB Passive-phase conjugation (PPC) uses passive time reversal to remove intersymbol interferences (ISIs) for acoustic communications in a multipath environment. It is based on the theory of signal propagation in a waveguide, which says that the Green's function (or the impulse-response function) convolved with its time-reversed conjugate, summed over a (large-aperture) vertical array of receivers (denoted as the Q function) is approximately a delta function in space and time. A decision feedback equalizer (DFE) uses a nonlinear filter to remove ISI based on the minimum mean-square errors (mmse) between the estimated symbols and the true (or decision) symbols. These two approaches are motivated by different principles. In this paper, we analyze both using a common framework. We note the commonality and differences, and pros and cons, between the two methods and compare their performance in realistic ocean environments, using simulated and at-sea data. The performance measures are mean-square error (mse), output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and bit-error rate (BER) as a function of the number of receivers. For a small number of receivers, the DFE outperforms PPC in all measures. The reason for poor PPC performance is that, for a small number of receivers, the Q function has nonnegligible sidelobes, resulting in nonzero ISI. As the number of receivers increases, the BER for both processors approaches zero, but at a different rate. The modeled performance differences (in mse and SNR) between PPC and DFE are in general agreement with the measured values from at-sea data, providing a basis for performance prediction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yang@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2004 VL 29 IS 2 BP 472 EP 487 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.827.827122 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 840EF UT WOS:000222839200023 ER PT J AU Suppappola, SB Harrison, BR AF Suppappola, SB Harrison, BR TI Experimental matched-field localization results using a short vertical array and mid-frequency signals in shallow water SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic arrays; acoustic propagation; acoustic signal processing; matched-field processing; position measurement; shallow water AB Traditionally, matched-field processing (MFP) has been used to localize low-frequency sources (e.g., <300 Hz) from their acoustic signals received on long vertical arrays. However, some sources emit acoustic signals of much higher frequency. Applying MFP to signals in the mid-frequency range (e.g., 1-4 kHz) is a very challenging problem because MFP's sensitivity to environmental parameter mismatch becomes more severe with increasing frequency. Robust MFP techniques are required to process signals in the mid-frequency range. As a practical issue, short vertical arrays are more convenient to work with than are long vertical arrays; they are easier to deploy and are less prone to large amounts of deformation. However, short vertical arrays undersample the water column, which can result in severely degraded MFP performance. In this paper, we present experimental data results for this nonconventional paradigm. Using the environmentally robust broad-band L-infinity-norm estimator, MFP results are given using shallow-water experimental data. This data consisted of broad-band signals in the 3-4-kHz band collected on an eight-element 2.13-m vertical array. These results serve to demonstrate that good localization performance can be attained for this difficult problem. Guidelines on the appropriate use of ray and normal-mode propagation models are also presented. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Submarine Sonar Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Suppappola, SB (reprint author), Acoust Technol Inc, Mesa, AZ 85204 USA. EM harrison_bf@ieee.org NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2004 VL 29 IS 2 BP 511 EP 523 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.826896 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 840EF UT WOS:000222839200026 ER PT J AU Meredith, RW Stanic, SJ Goodman, RR Kennedy, ET Pace, NG AF Meredith, RW Stanic, SJ Goodman, RR Kennedy, ET Pace, NG TI Comparisons of high-frequency acoustic fluctuations with ocean-temperature and sea-surface fluctuations in shallow water SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustics; propagation; signal fluctuation ID SOUND; SCINTILLATION AB Dynamic ocean processes produce small thermal variations that induce spatial and temporal variability in the ocean's index of refraction and in the spatial scale along an acoustic propagation path. This paper reports measurements and analysis of thermal microstructure effects on ping-to-ping amplitude and phase variability of shallow-water direct-path acoustic propagation in the 20-200 kHz frequency range. These measurements were conducted during a joint experiment conducted by the Naval Research Laboratory and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic (SACLANT) Undersea Research Centre, La Spezia, Italy, in 8 m of water off American Beach, located between Pisa and Livorno, Italy. Experimental observations are compared with predictions for isotropic and anisotropic turbulence, as well as for sea-surface swell. Measured phase and log-amplitude variances coincide with predictions and are relatively insensitive to weak water-column stability. The sea-surface swell dominates phase variances for this data and turbulence dominates log-amplitude variances. These results provide a reasonable lower limit on high-frequency ping-to-ping amplitude and on phase variability produced by benign shallow-water thermal fluctuations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NATO, SACLANT Undersea Res Ctr, MCM, I-19238 La Spezia, Italy. RP Meredith, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2004 VL 29 IS 2 BP 524 EP 533 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.827124 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 840EF UT WOS:000222839200027 ER PT J AU Sun, Y Willett, P Lynch, R AF Sun, Y Willett, P Lynch, R TI Waveform fusion in sonar signal processing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-STABLE CLUTTER; DISTRIBUTED CLUTTER; DETECTION SYSTEMS; GAUSSIAN CLUTTER; RADAR DETECTION; ACTIVE SONAR; PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION; SELECTION; TARGETS AB In active sonar systems, proper selection of the transmitted waveform is critical for target detection and parameter estimation, especially with the existence of clutter (reverberation). Two commonly used waveforms (constant frequency (CF) and linear frequency modulated (LFM)) are studied. Their characteristics are complementary both with respect to their accuracies and their sensitivity to the blind zero-Doppler ridge. Several fusion schemes of the two kinds of waveforms are explored and fusion results are studied both analytically and from simulation. It is concluded that fusion of the information of different waveforms can be not only more robust, but in some cases outright preferable, in terms of detection probability and estimation accuracy. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI USA. RP Sun, Y (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, U-1157, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM willett@engr.uconn.edu OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 462 EP 477 DI 10.1109/TAES.2004.1309997 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 839NO UT WOS:000222792000006 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Grunes, MR Pottier, E Ferro-Famil, L AF Lee, JS Grunes, MR Pottier, E Ferro-Famil, L TI Unsupervised terrain classification preserving polarimetric scattering characteristics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE radar polarimetry; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); terrain classification ID SAR DATA; IMAGERY; MULTIFREQUENCY AB In this paper, we proposed an unsupervised terrain and land-use classification algorithm using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar data. Unlike other algorithms that classify pixels statistically and ignore their scattering characteristics, this algorithm not only uses a statistical classifier, but also preserves the purity of dominant polarimetric scattering properties. This algorithm uses a combination of a scattering model-based decomposition developed by Freeman and Durden and the maximum-likelihood classifier based on the complex Wishart distribution. The first step is to apply the Freeman and Durden decomposition to divide pixels into three scattering categories: surface scattering, volume scattering, and double-bounce scattering. To preserve the purity of scattering characteristics, pixels in a scattering category are restricted to be classified with other pixels in the same scattering category. An efficient and effective class initialization scheme is also devised to initially merge clusters from many small clusters in each scattering category by applying a merge criterion developed based on the Wishart distance measure. Then, the iterative Wishart classifier is applied. The stability in convergence is much superior to that of the previous algorithm using the entropy/anisotropy/Wishart classifier. Finally, an automated color rendering scheme is proposed, based on the classes' scattering category to code the pixels to resemble their natural color. This algorithm is also flexible and computationally efficient. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated using the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's AIRSAR and the German Aerospace Center's (DLR) E-SAR L-band polarimetric synthetic aperture radar images. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6164, Inst Elect & Telecommun Rennes, Image & Remote Sensing Div, F-35042 Rennes, France. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lee@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 196 Z9 253 U1 3 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 722 EP 731 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.819883 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 813ZW UT WOS:000220946000004 ER PT J AU Meyer, K Yang, P Gao, BC AF Meyer, K Yang, P Gao, BC TI Optical thickness of tropical cirrus clouds derived from the MODIS 0.66- and 1.375-mu m channels SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE atmosphere; cirrus clouds; remote sensing ID AIRBORNE SIMULATOR IMAGERY; SOLAR RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; PHASE FUNCTIONS; ICE CRYSTALS; WATER-VAPOR; MODIS; SCATTERING; PARAMETERIZATION; TROPOPAUSE; AEROSOL AB In this paper, we introduce a method to retrieve the optical thickness of tropical cirrus clouds using the isolated visible cirrus reflectance (without atmospheric and surface effects). The isolated cirrus reflectance is inferred from level 1b calibrated 0.66-and 1.375-mum Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. We created an optical properties database and optical thickness lookup library using previously calculated single-scattering data in conjunction with the discrete ordinates radiative transfer (DISORT) code. An algorithm was constructed based on this lookup library to infer the optical thickness of tropical cirrus clouds for each pixel in a MODIS image. We demonstrate the applicability of this algorithm using several independent MODIS images from the Terra satellite. The present method is complimentary to the MODIS operational cloud retrieval algorithm for the case of cirrus clouds. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meyer, K (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016 OI Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200 NR 39 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 833 EP 841 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.818939 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 813ZW UT WOS:000220946000014 ER PT J AU Sternovsky, Z Lampe, M Robertson, S AF Sternovsky, Z Lampe, M Robertson, S TI Orbiting ions in the debye shielding cloud around dust particles in weakly collisional plasmas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE collisional processes; debye shielding; dust charging; dusty plasma; trapped ions ID LANGMUIR PROBE CURRENT; MOTION-LIMITED THEORY; CHARGE-EXCHANGE IONS; COLLECTION; OBJECT AB Inside the plasma sheath of a negatively charged dust grain, ions lose energy in occasional collisions with neutrals. Thus, trapped ions with negative energy may be created that contribute to the electrostatic shielding of the dust's charge. A kinetic model is solved for the fraction of the trapped ions in the Debye cloud as a function of dust size. The relative number of trapped ions in the Debye cloud reaches a maximum at dust size a/lambda(D) approximate to 0.3(T-e/T-i)(-0.6), where lambda(D) is the Debye length and T-e and T-i are the electron and ion temperatures, respectively. More than 50% of Debye shielding may be due to ions that are trapped. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sternovsky, Z (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Zoltan.Sternovsky@colorado.edu; lampe@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; Scott.Robertson@colorado.edu OI STERNOVSKY, ZOLTAN/0000-0002-9658-1350 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 32 IS 2 BP 632 EP 636 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.826081 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 832PC UT WOS:000222278400019 ER PT J AU Bowen, L Aldridge, BM Gulland, F Van Bonn, W DeLong, R Melin, S Lowenstine, LJ Stott, JL Johnson, ML AF Bowen, L Aldridge, BM Gulland, F Van Bonn, W DeLong, R Melin, S Lowenstine, LJ Stott, JL Johnson, ML TI Class II multiformity generated by variable MHC-DRB region configurations in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE MHC; comparative immunology; veterinary immunology; California sea lion ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; HLA SYSTEM; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; 2 PARTS; POLYMORPHISM; GENES; EVOLUTION; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; HUMANS AB In light of the immunological importance of molecules encoded within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), there are numerous studies examining the variability of these genes in wildlife populations. An underlying assumption in many of these studies is that MHC diversity invariably arises from a high level of allelic variation at a single gene locus, leading to widespread descriptions of thriving species with apparently limited MHC polymorphism. Indeed, in a previous study we failed to find sequence features compatible with traditionally diverse peptide-binding functions in MHC class II (DQA and DQB) genes in California sea lions and therefore expanded the search for polymorphism to the DRA and DRB genes. Our results show that, in contrast to Zaca-DQA, -DQB, and -DRA, Zaca-DRB has sequence features compatible with antigen binding and presentation. In fact Zaca-DRB constitutes a gene family, comprising at least seven loci, each of which exhibits limited variability, and which are present in variable configurations between individuals. This unusual mechanism for generating MHC DRB diversity is similar to that observed in the rhesus macaque, but has not been reported in any other species. The identification of a novel system of class II MHC variability in the California sea lion justifies new studies into the organizational basis of immunogenetic diversity in other marine species, and its role in infectious disease susceptibility. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Lab MArine Mammal Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Western Hlth Sci Univ, Sch Vet Med, Pomona, CA USA. GGNRA, Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA USA. SPAWARSTSCHEN, US Navy Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA USA. RP Bowen, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Lab MArine Mammal Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lbowen@ucdavis.edu NR 51 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD APR PY 2004 VL 56 IS 1 BP 12 EP 27 DI 10.1007/s00251-004-0655-4 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 813KQ UT WOS:000220906400002 PM 14997355 ER PT J AU McCutchan, TF Grim, KC Li, J Weiss, W Rathore, D Sullivan, M Graczyk, TK Kumar, S Cranfield, MR AF McCutchan, TF Grim, KC Li, J Weiss, W Rathore, D Sullivan, M Graczyk, TK Kumar, S Cranfield, MR TI Measuring the effects of an ever-changing environment on malaria control SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PENGUINS SPHENISCUS-DEMERSUS; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; AVIAN MALARIA; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; INTERFERON-GAMMA; DNA VACCINES; T-CELL; IMMUNIZATION; PROTECTION AB The effectiveness of malaria control measures depends not only on the potency of the control measures themselves but also upon the influence of variables associated with the environment. Environmental variables have the capacity either to enhance or to impair the desired outcome. An optimal outcome in the field, which is ultimately the real goal of vaccine research, will result from prior knowledge of both the potency of the control measures and the role of environmental variables. Here we describe both the potential effectiveness of control measures and the problems associated with testing in an area of endemicity. We placed canaries with different immunologic backgrounds (e.g., naive to malaria infection, vaccinated naive, and immune) directly into an area where avian malaria, Plasmodium relictum, is endemic. In our study setting, canaries that are naive to malaria infection routinely suffer approximately 50% mortality during their first period of exposure to the disease. In comparison, birds vaccinated and boosted with a DNA vaccine plasmid encoding the circumsporozoite protein of P. relictum exhibited a moderate degree of protection against natural infection (P < 0.01). In the second year we followed the fate of all surviving birds with no further manipulation. The vaccinated birds from the first year were no longer statistically distinguishable for protection against malaria from cages of naive birds. During this period, 36% of vaccinated birds died of malaria. We postulate that the vaccine-induced protective immune responses prevented the acquisition of natural immunity similar to that concurrently acquired by birds in a neighboring cage. These results indicate that dominant environmental parameters associated with malaria deaths can be addressed before their application to a less malleable human system. C1 NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Sect Growth & Dev, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Review & Res, Div Emerging Transfus Transmitted Dis, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Baltimore Zoo, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. St Clares Hosp, Dept Pathol, Denville, NJ USA. RP McCutchan, TF (reprint author), NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Sect Growth & Dev, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM tmccutchan@niaid.nih.gov NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2004 VL 72 IS 4 BP 2248 EP 2253 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.4.2248-2253.2004 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 807DG UT WOS:000220481600047 PM 15039349 ER PT J AU Ramani, DV Keith, WL Rand, RH AF Ramani, DV Keith, WL Rand, RH TI Perturbation solution for secondary bifurcation in the quadratically-damped Mathieu equation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE nonlinear; Mathieu; perturbation; bifurcation; resonance AB This paper concerns the quadratically-damped Mathieu equation: x over dot over dot + (delta + epsilon cos t)x + x over dot\x over dot\ = 0. Numerical integration shows the existence of a secondary bifurcation in which a pair of limit cycles come together and disappear (a saddle-node of limit cycles). In delta-epsilon parameter space, this secondary bifurcation appears as a curve which emanates from one of the transition curves of the linear Mathieu equation for epsilon approximate to 1.5. The bifurcation point along with an approximation for the bifurcation curve is obtained by a perturbation method which uses Mathieu functions rather than the usual sines and cosines. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ramani, DV (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RI rand, richard/O-6351-2016 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7462 J9 INT J NONLINEAR MECH JI Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. PD APR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 491 EP 502 DI 10.1016/S0020-7462(02)00218-4 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 725YN UT WOS:000185570100013 ER PT J AU Miller, JL Goodberlet, M AF Miller, JL Goodberlet, M TI Development and applications of STARRS: a next generation airborne salinity imager SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Oceans from Space Venice 2000 Symposium CY OCT 09-13, 2000 CL Venice, ITALY AB A new generation of airborne salinity imager, the Salinity Temperature and Roughness Remote Scanner (STARRS), has been designed and is currently under construction with delivery expected shortly. With both significantly lower noise levels and enhanced capability to measure secondary parameters, including sea surface temperature and roughness, STARRS will serve as both an operational survey tool and as a test-bed for refinement of retrieval algorithms. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Quadrant Engn Inc, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP ONRIFO, 223 Old Marylebone Rd, London NW1 5TH, England. EM jmiller@onrifo.navy.mil NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2004 VL 25 IS 7-8 BP 1319 EP 1324 DI 10.1080/01431160310001592571 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 779ZJ UT WOS:000189343600011 ER PT J AU Moline, MA Arnone, R Bergmann, T Glenn, S Oliver, MJ Orrico, C Schofield, O Tozzi, S AF Moline, MA Arnone, R Bergmann, T Glenn, S Oliver, MJ Orrico, C Schofield, O Tozzi, S TI Variability in spectral backscatter estimated from satellites and its relation to in situ measurements in optically complex coastal waters SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Oceans from Space Venice 2000 Symposium CY OCT 09-13, 2000 CL Venice, ITALY AB A large database of in situ bio-optical measurements was collected at the Long-term Ecosystem Observatory off the southern coast of New Jersey, USA. In part, the research effort focused on reconciling in situ estimates with satellite-derived estimates of the inherent optical properties (IOP). At 442 nm, in situ absorption values ranged from less than 0.2 to over 1.5 inverse metres. Satellite estimates of backscatter ranged from 0.002 to 0.03 inverse metres at 442 nm and showed significant variability in time and space during July 1999, reflecting the recurrent high frequency events that characterize the region-wind-mixing, storms and coastal upwelling. Despite this variability, there was good qualitative agreement between the satellite derived IOP estimates and in situ IOP measurements. Both absorption and backscatter values increased near-shore, reflecting enhanced concentrations of phytoplankton, sediments and dissolved organic matter. C1 Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Moline, MA (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. EM mmoline@calpoly.edu RI Tozzi, Sasha/B-2111-2009; OI schofield, oscar/0000-0003-2359-4131 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2004 VL 25 IS 7-8 BP 1465 EP 1468 DI 10.1080/01431160310001592454 PG 4 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 779ZJ UT WOS:000189343600032 ER PT J AU Tozzi, S Schofield, O Bergmann, T Moline, MA Arnone, R AF Tozzi, S Schofield, O Bergmann, T Moline, MA Arnone, R TI Variability in measured and modelled remote sensing reflectance for coastal waters at LEO-15 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Oceans from Space Venice 2000 Symposium CY OCT 09-13, 2000 CL Venice, ITALY AB A large database of in situ bio-optical measurements were collected at the LEO-15 (Long-term Ecosystem Observatory) off the southern coast of New Jersey, USA. The data were used to quantify the impact of coastal upwelling on near-shore bulk apparent (AOP) and inherent (IOP) optical properties. There was good qualitative agreement between the AOPs and IOPs in space and time. The measured IOPs were used as inputs to the Hydrolight radiative transfer model (RTE). Estimated spectral AOPs from the RTE were strongly correlated (generally R-2>0.80) to measured AOPs. If optical closure between in-water measurements was achieved then the RTE was used to construct the spectral remote sensing reflectance. The modelled remote sensing reflectances were compared to satellite-derived reflectance estimates from four different algorithms. Quantitative agreement between the satellite-measured and in-water modelled remote sensing reflectance was good but results were variable between the different models. The strength of the correlation and spectral consistency was variable with space and time. Correlations were strongest in clear offshore waters and lowest in the near-shore turbid waters. In the near-shore waters, the correlation was strongest for blue wavelengths (400-555 nm) but lower for the red wavelengths of light. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Tozzi, S (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM stozzi@vims.edu RI Tozzi, Sasha/B-2111-2009; OI schofield, oscar/0000-0003-2359-4131 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2004 VL 25 IS 7-8 BP 1469 EP 1472 DI 10.1080/01431161310001592463 PG 4 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 779ZJ UT WOS:000189343600033 ER PT J AU Luqi Zhang, L Saboe, M AF Luqi Zhang, L Saboe, M TI The dynamical models for software technology transition SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE software engineering; technology transition; diffusion of innovation; research management AB Currently, systematic techniques for assessing macro mechanisms for transferring software engineering technologies are non-existent. This leads to inefficient allocation of research resources and increased risk to software technology intensive programs. Consequently, software technology transition today is an ill-defined and non-repeatable, inefficient process for bringing advanced software engineering technologies to market. This paper develops two dynamical models of a software technology transition from both macroscopic and microscopic views. The models are developed utilizing information theory, communication theory, chaos control theory, and learning curve principles. The combination of those scientifically sound mechanisms provides a basis for assessing, and/or prescribing a portfolio of technologies and the implementing macro infrastructure. This provides the theoretical framework for a practical method for a program manager to establish a high capacity transition channel, which accelerates technology maturation and insertion. Experiments based on very large number of data have been performed. Data samples assess the following technologies: software engineering, software technology transfer, Ada, Java, abstract data types, rate monotonic analysis, cost models, software standards, and software work breakdown structures. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Software Engn Automat Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Luqi (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Software Engn Automat Ctr, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM luqi@nps.navy.mil; lzhang@nps.navy.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1940 J9 INT J SOFTW ENG KNOW JI Int. J. Softw. Eng. Knowl. Eng. PD APR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 179 EP 205 DI 10.1142/S0218194004001592 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 827TG UT WOS:000221923100003 ER PT J AU Dvorak, AW John, T Clark, J Lyzak, J AF Dvorak, AW John, T Clark, J Lyzak, J TI In vitro susceptibilities of ocular isolates to old and new antibiotics SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY APR 24-29, 2004 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. Chicago Med Sch, N Chicago, IL USA. Loyola Univ, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. St Anthony Med Ctr, Crown Point, IN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 45 SU 2 MA 4972 BP U552 EP U552 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 846TC UT WOS:000223338202145 ER PT J AU Elliott, WR Rentmeister-Bryant, HK Hatcher, D Henry, P Ziriax, JM D'Andrea, JA AF Elliott, WR Rentmeister-Bryant, HK Hatcher, D Henry, P Ziriax, JM D'Andrea, JA TI Positive reinforcement and threshold contrast sensitivity testing in alert, task oriented Rhesus monkeys SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY APR 24-29, 2004 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Det, Brooks City Base, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 45 SU 2 MA 5460 BP U657 EP U657 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 846TC UT WOS:000223338202632 ER PT J AU Johnson, LJ Shaffer, K Wasserman, L Skeath, P Perkins, K Klein, R Panigrahi, D Sanders, R Helfgott, M Scribner, D AF Johnson, LJ Shaffer, K Wasserman, L Skeath, P Perkins, K Klein, R Panigrahi, D Sanders, R Helfgott, M Scribner, D TI Study of curved microwire glass electrodes for use with a high resolution retinal stimulation array. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY APR 24-29, 2004 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD USA. Washington Natl Eye Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 45 SU 2 MA 4173 BP U379 EP U379 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 846TC UT WOS:000223338201365 ER PT J AU Brake, K Powell, B McKenzie, RH Pederson, MR Baruah, T AF Brake, K Powell, B McKenzie, RH Pederson, MR Baruah, T TI First-principle density-functional calculation of the Raman spectra of BEDT-TTF SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Crystalline Organic Metals, Superconductors and Ferromagnets (ISCOM2003) CY SEP 21-26, 2003 CL Port Bourgenay, FRANCE ID MOLECULE AB We present a first-principles density-functional calculation for the Raman spectra of a neutral BEDT-TTF molecule. Our results are in excellent agreement with experimental results. We show that a planar Structure is not a stable state of a neutral BEDT-TTF molecule. We consider three possible conformations and discuss their relation to disorder in these systems. C1 Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Brake, K (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RI Powell, Benjamin/B-1281-2009; McKenzie, Ross/D-8900-2013 OI Powell, Benjamin/0000-0002-5161-1317; NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD APR PY 2004 VL 114 BP 293 EP 295 DI 10.1051/jp4:2004114063 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 818AO UT WOS:000221218200064 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Yasuda, T Tsutsui, T AF Lee, SH Yasuda, T Tsutsui, T TI Charge carrier mobility in blue-green emitting fluorenyl-substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLY(PHENYLENE VINYLENE)S; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; HOLE TRANSPORT; DIODES; DERIVATIVES AB The charge carrier mobility in three blue-green emitting conjugated polymers, poly[2-(9',9'-dihexylfluorenyl)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (DHF-PPV), poly[2-(7'-methoxy-9',9' -dihexylfluorenyl)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MDHF-PPV), and poly[2-(7'-cyano-9',9' -dihexylfluorenyl)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (CNDHF-PPV) was measured using the time-of-flight technique. We observed dispersive charge carrier transport in DHF-PPV with a room-temperature hole mobility of 4.5x10(-4) cm(2)/Vs at an electric field of 2.5x10(5) V/cm. This mobility is two orders of magnitude higher than that of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] at the same electric field. The introduction of an electron donating or an electron withdrawing group to fluorene unit in DHF-PPVs resulted in a decrease in the hole mobilities to 1.1x10(-4) cm(2)/Vs for MDHF-PPV and 4.1x10(-7) cm(2)/Vs for CNDHF-PPV at 298 K and an electric field of 2.5x10(5) V/cm, respectively. These results demonstrate that both the PPV backbone and the fluorene side unit in DHF-PPVs act as carrier hopping sites. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Appl Sci Elect & Mat, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tsutsui, T (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Appl Sci Elect & Mat, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. EM sangho@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; tsuigz@mbox.nc.kyushu-u.ac.jp RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 7 BP 3825 EP 3827 DI 10.1063/1.1650918 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 805BV UT WOS:000220342700091 ER PT J AU Kim, K Lyu, SJ Kim, YG Choi, BH Taira, K Perkins, HT Teague, WJ Book, JW AF Kim, K Lyu, SJ Kim, YG Choi, BH Taira, K Perkins, HT Teague, WJ Book, JW TI Monitoring volume transport through measurement of cable voltage across the Korea Strait SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA CURRENT; SEA-LEVEL; 27-DEGREES-N; CURRENTS; WATER; JAPAN AB Voltage induced by the Tsushima Current on an abandoned submarine telephone cable between Pusan, Korea, and Hamada, Japan, has been measured since March 1998 in order to monitor the volume transport through the Korea Strait. Voltage has a good linear relationship with the transport measured by bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) along a section spanning the Korea Strait. The linear conversion factor is estimated to be Lambda(0) = (8.06 +/- 0.63) x 10(6) m(3) s(-1) V-1 with the reference voltage of V-0 = 0.48 +/- 0.07 V. The voltage-derived transport reveals various temporal variations that have not been known previously. Measurement of the cable voltage provides a reliable means for continuous monitoring of the volume transport of the Tsushima Current, which determines the major surface circulation and hydrography in the East Sea. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, OCEAN Lab RIO, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Agcy Def Dev, Naval Syst R&D Ctr, Chinhae, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Suwon, South Korea. Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Tokyo 164, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Kim, K (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, OCEAN Lab RIO, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM kuhkim@ocean.snu.ac.kr NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 21 IS 4 BP 671 EP 682 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0671:MVTTMO>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 809PL UT WOS:000220648500012 ER PT J AU Blasiole, DA Metzgar, D Daum, LT Ryan, MAK Wu, JG Wills, C Le, CT Freed, NE Hansen, CJ Gray, GC Russell, KL AF Blasiole, DA Metzgar, D Daum, LT Ryan, MAK Wu, JG Wills, C Le, CT Freed, NE Hansen, CJ Gray, GC Russell, KL TI Molecular analysis of adenovirus isolates from vaccinated and unvaccinated young adults SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; GENOME TYPES; TYPE-7; HEXON; MILITARY; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTIONS; RESOLUTION; SEROTYPES; SELECTION AB Infections of adenovirus type 4 (Ad4) and Ad7 were discovered among previously vaccinated individuals through febrile respiratory illness surveillance at military recruit camps. Genetic analysis was performed on these isolates and a sample of adenovirus isolates from unvaccinated patients. Antigenic regions of the adenovirus hexon gene from 21 vaccinated and 31 unvaccinated patients were sequenced and compared to homologous regions of Ad4 and Ad7 vaccine strains and of other representative hexon sequences archived in GenBank. The phylogenetic distribution of sequences from vaccinated individuals closely resembled those from unvaccinated individuals. The most common Ad7 strain was the Ad7d2 hexon genotype, and the most common Ad4 strain was a genotype nearly identical to the recently discovered Z-G 95-873 Ad4 variant. Near exclusive isolation of Ad4 since 1999 indicates that the Ad4 variant is currently responsible for the vast majority of adenovirus morbidity in military recruit camps. Different ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitution rates in known antigenic regions compared to nonantigenic regions indicated positive selection for diversity in the antigenic regions and purifying selection in the nonantigenic regions. C1 Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Russell, KL (reprint author), Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM russell@nhrc.navy.mil NR 28 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 1686 EP 1693 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.4.1686-1693.2004 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 814GK UT WOS:000220963000049 PM 15071026 ER PT J AU Dutta, I Majumdar, BS Pan, D Horton, WS Wright, W Wang, ZX AF Dutta, I Majumdar, BS Pan, D Horton, WS Wright, W Wang, ZX TI Development of a novel adaptive lead-free solder containing reinforcements displaying the shape-memory effect SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE adaptive solder; composite; shape-memory alloys; shape-memory effect ID SN-AG SOLDER; IN-SITU COMPOSITE; CRACK-GROWTH-RATE; JOINTS; CREEP; FATIGUE; TRANSFORMATIONS; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS AB Microelectronic solder joints are typically exposed to aggressive thermomechanical cycling (TMC) conditions during service. During TMC, strain localization occurs near solder/bond pad interfaces, where large, inelastic-shear strains accumulate, eventually causing low-cycle fatigue (LCF) failure of the joint. In this study, a novel methodology to mitigate the effects of strain localization within the joint is discussed, wherein the solder alloy is reinforced with a martensitic NiTi-based, shape-memory alloy (SMA). In this scheme, the SMA reinforcement deforms in shear concurrently with the solder during TMC and, subsequently, undergoes martensite-to-austenite (M --> A) transformation, placing the solder matrix next to the reinforcements in reverse shear. This is purported to reduce inelastic-strain localization within the solder and, thus, enhance joint life. In this paper, we present results of thermal-mechanical loading experiments conducted on a monolithic 95.5Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu solder, a Cu/Cu6Sn5 particle-reinforced solder, and NiTi-solder, single-fiber composites (SFCs) to elucidate the impact of the shape-memory effect on the overall joint behavior. It is demonstrated that during TMC, the phase transformations occurring in NiTi can significantly reduce the inelastic-strain range to which a joint is subjected (by similar to25% in the present experiments). Finally, we report on the successful fabrication of a composite solder paste from which adaptive solders with a uniform distribution of about 5 vol.% of NiTi particulates may be produced. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM idutta@nps.navy.mil RI Pan, Deng/C-2072-2009 NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 258 EP 270 DI 10.1007/s11664-004-0131-9 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 811ZV UT WOS:000220810700002 ER PT J AU Puzinauskas, PV Olsen, DB Willson, BD AF Puzinauskas, PV Olsen, DB Willson, BD TI Cycle-resolved NO measurements in a two-stroke large-bore natural gas engine SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Cycle-resolved NO data were acquired from a Cooper-Bessemer GMV 4TF two-stroke engine to better understand and quantify large bore natural gas engine NOx emission. The cycle resolved NO data were extracted separately,from the engine's cylinder two and four exhaust ports and taken simultaneously with cycle resolved pressure traces, conventional steady-state emission measurements and a variety of additional performance and diagnostic data. The test variables were intake manifold boost pressure, ignition method and ignition timing. Relationships between individual cycle pressure traces and the NO produced by that cycle were investigated. Furthermore, mass-averaged NO values were calculated and integrated in order to compare with average exhaust emissions from a steady-state analyzer and combustion pressure characteristics. The steady measurements revealed that NO and NO2 emissions respond differently to the test variables. The mass averaged cycle-resolved NO values compare well with the steady exhaust emission measurements and exhibit strong correlations with peak pressure and crank angle location of peak pressure. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Engines & Energy Convers Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Puzinauskas, PV (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2004 VL 126 IS 2 BP 429 EP 441 DI 10.1115/1.1635401 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 831KG UT WOS:000222192700030 ER PT J AU Judge, C Troesch, A Perlin, M AF Judge, C Troesch, A Perlin, M TI Initial water impact of a wedge at vertical and oblique angles SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE asymmetric wedge impact; oblique entry; vortex distributions ID VESSEL IMPACT; ENTRY; FLUID AB This paper examines initial asymmetric wedge-impact flows with horizontal as well as vertical impact velocity. The method of two-dimensional vortex distributions is employed to model the initial-boundary-value problem. The numerical analysis involves discretization of the body surface and an iterative solution technique. Experimental drop tests of a prismatic wedge were performed to gain understanding and provide data for comparison of initial water impact when asymmetry and horizontal impact velocity are present. The experimental investigation of initial flow separation off the wedge vertex (i.e., keel) during impact is described. Initial separation-ventilation of the flow from the vertex due to asymmetric impact or horizontal-vertical impact velocity is examined in relation to the present theory. Agreement between the data and the numerical predictions was demonstrated for small degrees of asymmetry and small ratios of horizontal to vertical impact velocity. The initial flow detachment from the vertex also revealed interesting hydrodynamic characteristics. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Judge, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0833 J9 J ENG MATH JI J. Eng. Math. PD APR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 279 EP 303 DI 10.1023/B:engi.0000018187.33001.e1 PG 25 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 780RE UT WOS:000189394500005 ER PT J AU Szymczak, WG Means, SL Rogers, JCW AF Szymczak, WG Means, SL Rogers, JCW TI Computations of bubble formation and pulsations generated by impacting cylindrical water jets SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE bubble pulsations; liquid cylinder; liquid impacts ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS; COLLAPSE; FLOWS AB The impact of a water jet onto a water surface can entrain air-bubbles whose pulsations provide acoustic sources. Such impacts can occur during the breaking of a wave, or on a smaller scale, when a raindrop strikes a puddle of water. A better understanding of this phenomenon can lead to improved characterizations of the ambient noise and acoustic detection algorithms. Liquid on liquid impacts correspond to a breakdown of classical hydrodynamic theory which assumes that the free surface remains smooth and topologically invariant. A computational model using a generalized theory of hydrodynamics designed to rigorously treat liquid collisions is described in this paper. Numerical simulations are compared to experiments of a liquid cylinder impacting a still-water surface The simulations provide details not only of the initial formation of the air-entrained bubble at the time of the cavity collapse, but also the subsequent pulsations of this bubble until it rises back to the free surface. Computed initial bubble sizes and natural frequencies are compared to the experimental results for different cylinder lengths. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Math & Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Szymczak, WG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7131,4555 Overlook Dr SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM szymczak@nrl.navy.mil; means@wave.nrl.navy.mil; JCWRogers@earthlink.net NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0833 J9 J ENG MATH JI J. Eng. Math. PD APR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 375 EP 389 DI 10.1023/B:engi.0000018169.93608.42 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 780RE UT WOS:000189394500010 ER PT J AU Shimeall, WT Holmboe, ES Escobedo, R Sylvia, BM Clark, C Kelley, P AF Shimeall, WT Holmboe, ES Escobedo, R Sylvia, BM Clark, C Kelley, P TI Diabetes case management: Effects on glycemic control. SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY MAY 12-15, 2004 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Gen Internal Med C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Naval hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2004 VL 19 SU 1 BP 138 EP 139 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 816RA UT WOS:000221125800484 ER PT J AU Davis, BL Melinger, JS McMorrow, D Peng, ZH Pan, YC AF Davis, BL Melinger, JS McMorrow, D Peng, ZH Pan, YC TI Aggregation effects on the optical properties of a light harvesting phenylacetylene dendrimer in non-polar solution SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE dendrimers; photophysics; fluorescence; molecular aggregates; light harvesting ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; UNSYMMETRICAL CONJUGATED DENDRIMERS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; PERYLENE CRYSTALS; EXCIMER FORMATION; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTRA; LUMINESCENCE; ABSORPTION; COMPLEXES AB The aggregation of a 4th generation phenylacetlyene dendrimer with a perylene trap at the core (G4PER) is studied in a non-polar solvent environment using steady state absorption, fluorescence and fluorescence excitation spectroscopy, and time-dependent fluorescence measurements as a function of G4PER concentration. At relatively low G4PER concentrations (< 10(-7) M) in isopentane, the spectral data suggest that G4PER dendrimers are mainly in monomeric form. As the concentration increases above 10(-7) M in isopentane the spectral properties conclusively show the formation of dendritic aggregates, indicated by changes in the spectral region of the perylene trap. The time-dependent fluorescence data support the steady state measurements, indicating the presence of multiple emitters at high sample concentrations with fluorescence decay curves defined by multi-exponential functions. In contrast, in dichloromethane, a solvent of higher dielectric constant, the steady state and time resolved spectroscopic data at similar G4PER concentrations display no spectral or temporal signatures due to dendritic aggregation. This paper also addresses the nature of the new aggregate electronic transitions formed in the spectral region of the perylene trap. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Melinger, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM melinger@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD APR PY 2004 VL 106 IS 3-4 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2003.11.004 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 807VV UT WOS:000220529900015 ER PT J AU Saenz, AW AF Saenz, AW TI Quantum-mechanical scattering in exterior domains with impenetrable periodic boundaries and short-range potentials SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL ANALYSIS; SURFACES; LAPLACIAN; W(112) AB We study the scattering of a nonrelativistic particle in an exterior domain (=open connected subset) Omegasubset ofR(nu)(nugreater than or equal to2) containing a half-space and contained in another half-space, and having an impenetrable periodic boundary partial derivativeOmega. "Impenetrable" means that (generalized) homogeneous Dirichlet conditions are imposed on partial derivativeOmega. We prove the existence and completeness of the wave operators W+/-=lim(t-->+/-infinity) exp(itH(1))P exp(-itH(0)) corresponding to the scattering of a nonrelativistic particle in Omega by the combined effect of the boundary and a short-range potential present in Omega. Here H-0=-Delta is the negative distributional Laplacian in the Hilbert space H-0=L-2(R-nu), H-1=-Delta(D)(Omega)+V, Delta(D)(Omega) being the Dirichlet Laplacian in the Hilbert space H=L-2(Omega), V an operator of multiplication in H by a bounded measurable function V(x) on Omega having the periodicity of the boundary, and P:H-0-->H an identification operator. The operators W+/- model the quantum-mechanical scattering of low-energy atoms by crystal surfaces, with V modeling the interaction between the incident particles and the surface atoms. This interaction is idealized by assuming that V(x) depends solely on x(nu) when x(nu)>a, a being a sufficiently large positive constant, and x(nu) the component of xis an element ofR(nu) directed perpendicularly to the surfaces of the above two half-spaces. Under this and other hypotheses on Omega and V stated precisely in the paper, we prove that W+/- exist as partially isometric operators whose initial sets have a transparent physical meaning. Moreover, we prove the following: (a) Ran W+/-=H-scatt; and (b) W+/- are asymptotically complete, in the sense that H=H-scatt+H-surf. Here H-scatt and H-surf are suitably defined subspaces of scattering and surface states of H. These results are proved by using direct-integral techniques, asymptotic methods from the theory of ODEs, and methods analogous to those of Lyford. The present paper generalizes an earlier one by the author for the case V=0. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Saenz, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM saenz@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD APR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1426 EP 1446 DI 10.1063/1.1650046 PG 21 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 805BW UT WOS:000220342800010 ER PT J AU Moran, D AF Moran, D TI The Iraq War: A military history. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Moran, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2004 VL 68 IS 2 BP 661 EP 662 DI 10.1353/jmh.2004.0059 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 809NJ UT WOS:000220643100081 ER PT J AU Moran, D AF Moran, D TI The Iraq War: Strategy, tactics, and military lessons. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Moran, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2004 VL 68 IS 2 BP 661 EP 662 DI 10.1353/jmh.2004.0059 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 809NJ UT WOS:000220643100080 ER PT J AU Baer, G AF Baer, G TI Seapower: A guide for the twenty-first century. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Baer, G (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2004 VL 68 IS 2 BP 667 EP 668 DI 10.1353/jmh.2004.0009 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 809NJ UT WOS:000220643100086 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Jimenez, DL Smith, B Gray, GC Hooper, TI Gackstetter, GD Heller, JM Dalager, NA Kang, HK Hyams, KC Ryan, MAK AF Smith, TC Jimenez, DL Smith, B Gray, GC Hooper, TI Gackstetter, GD Heller, JM Dalager, NA Kang, HK Hyams, KC Ryan, MAK TI The postwar hospitalization experience of gulf war veterans participating in US health registries SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; SELF-REPORTED SYMPTOMS; PERSIAN-GULF; DESERT-STORM; UNEXPLAINED ILLNESSES; MILITARY PERSONNEL; ASSOCIATION; SERVICE; DEPLOYMENT; MORTALITY AB In response to concerns that W War veterans were experiencing increased morbidity resulting from wartime exposures in the Gulf War, the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Department of Defense (DoD) initiated clinical registries to provide systematic health evaluations for self-referred Gulf War veterans. The authors used Cox proportional hazard modeling with data from all DoD hospitals to estimate the probability of hospitalization resulting from any cause, resulting from diagnosis in a major diagnostic category, and resulting from a specific diagnosis of interest After adjusting for other risk factors, registry participants were 1.43 times more likely to have a postwar hospitalization than registry nonparticipants (95% confidence interval, 1.40-1.46). These findings support the hypothesis that registry participants were more likely to experience postwar morbidity than veterans who chose not to enroll in the health registries. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Army Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Deployment Environm Surveillance Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Environm Epidemiol Serv, Washington, DC USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Off Publ Hlth & Environm Hazards, Washington, DC USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Smith@nhrc.navy.mil NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2004 VL 46 IS 4 BP 386 EP 397 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000121126.49292.69 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 811GL UT WOS:000220760300011 PM 15076657 ER PT J AU Park, K Pederson, MR Bernstein, N AF Park, K Pederson, MR Bernstein, N TI Electronic, magnetic, and vibrational properties of the molecular magnet Mn-4 monomer and dimer SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society (EMRS) CY JUN 10-13, 2003 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc ID HIGH-FREQUENCY EPR; INTENSITIES; APPROXIMATION; SIMULATIONS AB A new type of the single-molecule magnet [Mn4O3Cl4(O2CEt)(3)(py)(3)] forms dimers. Recent magnetic hysteresis measurements on this single-molecular magnet revealed interesting phenomena: an absence of quantum tunneling at zero magnetic field and tunneling before magnetic field reversal. This is attributed to a significant antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between different monomers. To investigate this system, we calculate the electronic structure, magnetic properties, intramolecular and intermolecular exchange interactions using density-functional theory within the generalized-gradient approximation. Our calculations agree with experiment. We find that the calculated threefold symmetric structure is vibrationally stable. We also calculate vibrational infrared absorption and Raman scattering intensities for the monomer which can be tested experimentally. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Howard Univ, Math Sci Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pederson@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD APR PY 2004 VL 65 IS 4 SI SI BP 805 EP 811 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2003.11.024 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 778BR UT WOS:000189219700024 ER PT J AU Luong, P Breshears, CP Ly, LN AF Luong, P Breshears, CP Ly, LN TI Application of multiblock grid and dual-level parallelism in coastal ocean circulation modeling SO JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Princeton Ocean Model; dual-level parallelism; multiblock grid; Persian Gulf simulation; coastal ocean circulation model AB Numerical grid generation techniques play an important role in the numerical solution of partial differential equations on arbitrarily shaped regions. For coastal ocean modeling, in particular, a one-block grid covering the region under study is commonly used. Most bodies of water of interest have complicated coastlines; e. g., the Persian Gulf and Mediterranean Sea. Since such oneblock grids are not boundary conforming, the number of unused grid points can be a relatively large portion of the entire domain space. Other disadvantages of using a one block grid include large memory requirements and long computer processing time. Multiblock grid generation and dual-level parallel techniques are used to overcome these problems. Message Passing Interface (MPI) is used to parallelize the Multiblock Grid Princeton Ocean Model (MGPOM) such that each grid block is assigned to a unique processor. Since not all grid blocks are of the same size, the workload varies between MPI processes. To alleviate this, OpenMP dynamic threading is used to improve load balance. Performance results from the MGPOM model on a one-block grid, a twenty block grid, and a forty-two block grid after a 90-day simulation for the Persian Gulf demonstrate the efficacy of the dual-level parallel code version. C1 Univ Texas, Texas Adv Comp Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. Intel Parallel Applicat Ctr, Champaign, IL USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Luong, P (reprint author), Univ Texas, Texas Adv Comp Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7474 J9 J SCI COMPUT JI J. Sci. Comput. PD APR PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 257 EP 275 DI 10.1023/B:JOMP.0000008722.81924.50 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 754WH UT WOS:000187355200004 ER PT J AU Sarkissian, A AF Sarkissian, A TI Extension of measurement surface in near-field acoustic holography SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LEAST-SQUARES METHOD; BOUNDARY-ELEMENT METHOD; WAVE SUPERPOSITION; PRESSURE FIELDS; RECONSTRUCTION AB In near-field acoustic holography, when measurements are made over a limited surface, there has been recent interest in numerically enlarging the measurement surface tangentially. Current algorithms use iterative methods to extrapolate the field tangentially outward. An algorithm based on the method of superposition is applied here which may be used to either extrapolate the field to enlarge the measurement surface or to interpolate in case there is a "hole" in the measurement surface where data are not available. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sarkissian, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 42 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2004 VL 115 IS 4 BP 1593 EP 1596 DI 10.1121/1.1645609 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 809ZR UT WOS:000220675100025 ER PT J AU Nee, TW Nee, SMF AF Nee, TW Nee, SMF TI Polarization of holographic grating diffraction. I. General theory SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID THICK; WAVE; SURFACE; OPTICS AB The full polarization property of volume holographic grating diffraction is investigated theoretically. With a simple volume grating model, the diffracted fields and Mueller matrices are first derived from Maxwell's equations by using the Green's function algorithms. The formalism is derived for the general case that the diffraction beam and the grating wave vector are not in the plane of incidence, where s waves and p waves are not decoupled. The derived photon-momentum relations determine the Bragg angle selectivity. The parameters of diffraction,strength related to the hologram-writing process and material are defined and are not necessarily small in general. The diffracted-beam profiles are analytically calculated by using the known grating shape function. This theory has provided a fundamental understanding of the polarization phenomena of a real holographic diffraction grating device. The derived algorithm would provide a simulation-analysis tool for the engineering design of real holographic beam combiner/splitter devices. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, TW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM tsuwei.nee@navy.mil NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD APR PY 2004 VL 21 IS 4 BP 523 EP 531 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.21.000523 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 805TV UT WOS:000220389500007 PM 15078023 ER PT J AU Nee, TW Nee, SMF Kleinschmit, MW Shahriar, MS AF Nee, TW Nee, SMF Kleinschmit, MW Shahriar, MS TI Polarization of holographic grating diffraction. II. Experiment SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID THICK; WAVE; DEPOLARIZATION AB The transmittance, ellipsometric parameters, and depolarization of transmission, diffraction, and reflection of two volume holographic gratings (VHGs) are measured at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. The measured data are in good agreement with the theoretical simulated results, which demonstrated the correlation between the diffraction strength and the polarization properties of a VHG. Vector electromagnetic theory and polarization characterization are necessary for complete interpretation of the diffraction property of a VHG. The diffraction efficiency is measured at 532 run in a polarization-sensing experiment. The measured data and theoretical simulation have demonstrated the potential application of the holographic beam splitter for polarizationsensor technology. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Digital Opt Technol, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Nee, TW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM tsuwei.nee@navy.mil RI Shahriar, Selim/B-7270-2009 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD APR PY 2004 VL 21 IS 4 BP 532 EP 539 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.21.000532 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 805TV UT WOS:000220389500008 PM 15078024 ER PT J AU Stauffer, AC Koss, DA McKirgan, JB AF Stauffer, AC Koss, DA McKirgan, JB TI Microstructural banding and failure of a stainless steel SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRESS STATES; HY-100 STEEL; SIGMA-PHASE; FRACTURE; PRECIPITATION; FERRITE AB The presence of microstructural bands in AL-6XN stainless steel plate has been examined. The bands, which consist of a high density of second-phase particles, are located near the midthickness of the plate, range in thickness up to 300 mum, and are continuous over lengths up to 50 mm. Chemical analyses of the microstructural bands indicate elevated levels of chromium and molybdenum, while orientation imaging microscopy identified primarily sigma-phase particles within the bands; a small volume fraction of chi phase was also found. Tensile specimens oriented in the short transverse direction of the plate show low ductility and exhibit a large variation in failure strains, depending on the continuity of the bands as well as the presence of large precipitate particles within the bands. When oriented in either the longitudinal or the long transverse direction of the plate, circumferentially notched tensile specimens exhibit comparatively high ductility, although at high stress triaxialities, the material was susceptible to specimen splitting parallel to the tensile axis due to cracking along microstructural bands. C1 Penn State Univ, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM koss@ems.psu.edu NR 26 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 35A IS 4 BP 1317 EP 1324 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0306-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 808XE UT WOS:000220601000014 ER PT J AU Devlin, JJ AF Devlin, JJ TI Evaluation of a contingency blood donor program on US Navy Submarines SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FLUID RESUSCITATION; WHOLE-BLOOD; TRANSFUSION; SHOCK; MANAGEMENT; OPERATIONS; CASUALTIES; DISEASE; PATROLS; MEDICS AB Objective: Because the role of submarine warfare is shifting from strategic deterrence to littoral force projection, submarine providers will be required to manage combat trauma. Currently, submarine providers have only crystalloid available for the reversal of hemorrhagic shock. A proposal program to provide blood products on submarines was evaluated. Methods: Existing military emergency blood transfusion protocols were reviewed. The restrictions of donation/transfusion onboard submarines were considered. Results: A protocol to provide screening for, implementation of, and a reporting system for contingency blood donation and transfusion onboard submarines was created. The protocol contains all the safeguards of existing U.S. Navy contingency donor programs with the exception of pretransfusion infectious disease testing and cross-matching. However, because the program does not require laboratory capability, it can be implemented by an independent duty corpsman onboard a submarine. Conclusion: This protocol provides blood for the reversal of hemorrhagic shock onboard submarines in the event of traumatic injury. C1 USN, Dept Undersea Med, Branch Med Clin, Med Corp,Naval Submarine Base Bangor, Silverdale, WA 98315 USA. RP Devlin, JJ (reprint author), USN, Dept Undersea Med, Branch Med Clin, Med Corp,Naval Submarine Base Bangor, 2050 Barb St, Silverdale, WA 98315 USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2004 VL 169 IS 4 BP 292 EP 297 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IT UT WOS:000235829500010 PM 15132232 ER PT J AU Stander, VA Hilton, SM Kennedy, KR Robbins, DL AF Stander, VA Hilton, SM Kennedy, KR Robbins, DL TI Surveillance of completed suicide in the Department of the Navy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES-ARMY; PERSONNEL; POPULATION AB In 1999, the Department of the Navy (DoN) began a suicide surveillance program using the DoN Suicide Incident Report (DONSIR) to collect data on completed suicides in the Navy and Marine Corps. The DONSIR significantly advances the capability of DoN to track and analyze data on completed suicides over time. The long-term goal of this program is to improve suicide prevention by identifying and modifying military-specific risk factors. A DONSIR has been completed on 98% of the 200 DoN suicides that occurred from 1999 to 2001. Most DoN suicides occurred outside the military work environment and involved the use of a firearm. Most decedents were men, had experienced a recent relationship problem, and did not use any military support services in the 30 days before suicide. Results suggest that the promotion of support services may improve the effectiveness of DoN suicide prevention. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Navy Personnel Command, Millington, TN 38055 USA. US Marine Corps, Manpower & Reserve Affairs, Quantico, VA 22134 USA. RP Stander, VA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2004 VL 169 IS 4 BP 301 EP 306 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IT UT WOS:000235829500012 PM 15132234 ER PT J AU Franklin, QJ Tanzer, DJ AF Franklin, QJ Tanzer, DJ TI Late traumatic flap displacement after laser in situ keratomileuisis SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSE LAMELLAR KERATITIS; POST-LASIK EYE; EPITHELIAL INGROWTH; PARTIAL DISLOCATION AB Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) has become the community standard in corneal refractive surgery and is being performed by surgeons in the Army, Navy, and Air Force. LASIK differs from photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in that a partial-thickness corneal flap is created in the LASIK procedure before removing a microscopic amount of corneal tissue whereas no flap creation is required in PRK. The benefits of LASIK include minimal discomfort after surgery, as well as a much faster return of visual function. PRK involves a surface ablation and therefore heals differently, involving more discomfort and a slower return of functional vision. LASIK flap integrity is a concern to anyone undergoing the procedure, as well as for those making recommendations on the best form of refractive surgery for military personnel. A case report and a review of the literature are presented on the identification and management of LASIK flap trauma. C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Ophthalmol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Franklin, QJ (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Ophthalmol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2004 VL 169 IS 4 BP 334 EP 336 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IT UT WOS:000235829500018 PM 15132240 ER PT J AU Nachamkin, JE AF Nachamkin, JE TI Mesoscale verification using meteorological composites SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PREDICTION; SYSTEM; MODEL; EVENTS; SSM/I; MM5 AB Mesoscale models are often used to explicitly predict discrete, highly structured phenomena. Information regarding the ability of the model to predict events as coherent entities is thus a useful statement of performance. Observational constraints are a significant problem, though, as the shape, size, and intensity of any given event are often only partially known. Composite techniques offer an attractive approach because the full deterministic information about any one event need not be known. If enough quasi-random observations of a distribution of events exist, bulk properties of the distributions of forecasts and observations can be estimated. Composites are also useful in that the verification measures are based on conditional samples of events. Sample distributions contingent on event existence in either the forecasts or the observations can be compared to one another. A verification technique in which meteorological events are located and composited on a relative grid centered on each event is described herein. This technique is described and demonstrated by comparing the 27-km Naval Research Laboratory's Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) mistral wind forecasts to the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) observations for a 1-yr period. Diagnostic information regarding the forecast reliability, error type, and error spatial characteristics are derived. Also, statistics from the conditional distributions of both the observed and predicted events are compared. The difference between the two conditional biases (CBD) is found to reveal valuable information regarding the contribution of false alarms and missed forecasts to the forecast errors. The results indicate the mistral is remarkably predictable with high pattern correlations out to 66 h. C1 Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nachamkin, JE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nachamkin@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 23 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2004 VL 132 IS 4 BP 941 EP 955 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0941:MVUMC>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RC UT WOS:000220450000007 ER PT J AU Lay, MD Novak, JP Snow, ES AF Lay, MD Novak, JP Snow, ES TI Simple route to large-scale ordered arrays of liquid-deposited carbon nanotubes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOGIC-CIRCUITS; TRANSISTORS; NETWORKS; GROWTH; FILMS; CVD AB Carbon nanotube (CNT) transistors, sensors, and field emitters have recently attracted much attention. However, it is difficult to form ordered submonolayer arrays of these molecular wires because of their high aspect ratio and strong inter-nanotube van der Waals interactions. A tractable procedure for the formation of horizontally aligned CNT arrays will assist in incorporating them into devices that can be mass produced. Such a method is described here. Large-scale, ordered arrays of CNTs were deposited at room temperature from aqueous suspensions onto silanized SiO2 surfaces. When these arrays were used as the source-drain channel for field-effect transistors, device performance showed a strong dependence on CNT orientation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM snow@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 603 EP 606 DI 10.1021/nl035233d PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 812RY UT WOS:000220857800014 ER PT J AU Kushmerick, JG Lazorcik, J Patterson, CH Shashidhar, R Seferos, DS Bazan, GC AF Kushmerick, JG Lazorcik, J Patterson, CH Shashidhar, R Seferos, DS Bazan, GC TI Vibronic contributions to charge transport across molecular junctions SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; CONDUCTANCE; MONOLAYERS; WIRES; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSISTOR; BENZENE; ACCESS AB We report low-temperature charge transport measurements of metal-molecule-metal junctions. Studies on insulating alkyl and T-conjugated molecular wires provide experimental insight into the coupling between tunnel charge carriers and molecular vibrations in molecular electronic systems. By comparison with other vibrational spectroscopy studies and density functional theory calculations, the observed vibrational peaks have been assigned to longitudinal modes of the molecules. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Polymers & Organ Solids, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Kushmerick, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kushmerick@nrl.navy.mil RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008; Bazan, Guillermo/B-7625-2014 NR 39 TC 287 Z9 288 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 639 EP 642 DI 10.1021/nl049871n PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 812RY UT WOS:000220857800021 ER PT J AU Jhaveri, SD Foos, EE Lowy, DA Chang, EL Snow, AW Ancona, MG AF Jhaveri, SD Foos, EE Lowy, DA Chang, EL Snow, AW Ancona, MG TI Isolation and characterization of trioxyethylene-encapsulated gold nanoclusters functionalized with a single DNA strand SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CORE SIZE; NANOPARTICLES; MOLECULES; NANOCRYSTALS; SURFACES; CLUSTER; BINDING; SENSOR AB A scalable means of isolating significant quantities of trioxyethylene-encapsulated gold nanoclusters (GNCs) labeled with a single DNA strand is demonstrated. Quantitative characterization of the product is obtained using UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy. These methods of isolation and characterization of singly functionalized GNC-ssDNA conjugates are expected to aid development of nanoscience applications that use DNA molecular recognition for guiding self-assembly. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Ancona, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ancona@estd.nrl.navy.mil OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 737 EP 740 DI 10.1021/nl0499591 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 812RY UT WOS:000220857800039 ER PT J AU Barrett, FJ AF Barrett, FJ TI Critical moments as "change" in negotiation SO NEGOTIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Ctr Posit Change, Monterey, CA USA. RP Barrett, FJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Ctr Posit Change, Monterey, CA USA. EM fbarrett@nps.navymil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0748-4526 J9 NEGOTIATION J JI Negot. J. PD APR PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1111/j.0748-4526.2004.00000.x PG 7 WC Management; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 819PU UT WOS:000221327900007 ER PT J AU Atoyan, AM Dermer, CD AF Atoyan, AM Dermer, CD TI Neutrinos and gamma-rays of hadronic origin from AGN jets SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd VERITAS Symposium on TeV Astrophysics from Extragalactic Sources CY APR 24-26, 2003 CL Adler Planetarium & AStron Museum, Chicago, IL HO Adler Planetarium & AStron Museum DE galaxies : active; gamma-rays : theory; jets; neutrinos ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BL-LAC OBJECTS; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; PROTON BLAZAR; MARKARIAN 501; X-RAY; MODEL; RADIATION; COMPTON; FLARE AB We discuss the fluxes of high energy neutrinos and x-rays expected from AGNs if hadrons can be effectively accelerated to ultra-high energies by their relativistic jets, as currently believed. Fluxes of multi-TeV neutrinos detectable by km-scale detectors like IceCube could be expected from powerful blazars where strong accretion-disk radiation is present in the AGN cores. Gamma-ray fluxes of hadronic origin can be important for flares in the compact jets of these sources up to GeV energies, but they will be insignificant for BL Lac objects. Production of UHE neutral beams composed of neutrons and gamma-rays can drive straight collimated jets in the intergalactic medium on multi-kpc scales, which could be resolved by the Chandra X-ray observatory. While we do not expect any significant neutrino flux from these large-scale jets, we predict gamma-rays of synchrotron origin in the energy range from sub-GeV up to TeV energies, which would be detectable by GLAST and ground-based gamma-ray telescopes. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Montreal, CRM, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Atoyan, AM (reprint author), Univ Montreal, CRM, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM atoyan@crm.umontreal.ca NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD APR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 381 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.12.046 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 815ZK UT WOS:000221080000010 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Atoyan, A AF Dermer, CD Atoyan, A TI Cosmic rays and high-energy neutrinos from gamma-ray bursts SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd VERITAS Symposium on TeV Astrophysics from Extragalactic Sources CY APR 24-26, 2003 CL Adler Planetarium & AStron Museum, Chicago, IL HO Adler Planetarium & AStron Museum DE gamma-ray bursts; cosmic rays; gamma-rays; neutrinos ID PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; BLAST WAVES; MODEL AB Several lines of evidence point to a relationship between gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and the high mass stars that explode as supernovae. Arguments that GRB sources accelerate cosmic rays (CRs) are summarized. High-energy neutrino detection from individual GRBs would mean that they are hadronically dominated, that is, that the amount of energy deposited in the form of nonthermal hadrons in GRB blast waves greatly exceeds the radiated energy inferred from their photon emission spectra. Such a detection would make GRBs the favored candidate sources of ultra-high energy and super-GZK CRs. Cascade radiation induced by high-energy hadrons could be detected from GRBs with gamma-ray telescopes. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech Math, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD APR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 453 EP 458 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.12.023 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 815ZK UT WOS:000221080000024 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Dingus, BL AF Dermer, CD Dingus, BL TI Blazar flaring rates measured with GLAST SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd VERITAS Symposium on TeV Astrophysics from Extragalactic Sources CY APR 24-26, 2003 CL Adler Planetarium & AStron Museum, Chicago, IL HO Adler Planetarium & AStron Museum DE blazars : gamma-rays ID VARIABILITY AB We derive the minimum observing time scales to detect a blazar at a given flux level with the LAT on the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) in the scanning and pointing modes. Based upon Phase 1 observations with EGRET, we predict the GLAST detection rate of blazar flares at different flux levels. With some uncertainty given the poor statistics of bright blazars, we predict that a blazar flare with integral flux greater than or similar to 200 x 10(-8) photons (> 100 MeV) cm(-2) s(-1), which are the best candidates for Target of Opportunity pointings and extensive temporal and spectral studies, should occur every few days. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil OI Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD APR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 537 EP 541 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.12.013 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 815ZK UT WOS:000221080000040 ER PT J AU Copeland, KA Shope, TR Duggan, AK AF Copeland, KA Shope, TR Duggan, AK TI Parents', pediatricians', and child care providers' knowledge of national illness exclusion guidelines and attitudes toward exclusions SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 04, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Pediatr Acad Soc C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2004 VL 55 IS 4 SU S MA 1125 BP 199A EP 199A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 808TJ UT WOS:000220591101157 ER PT J AU Albright, TA Wilks, TM Shope, TR AF Albright, TA Wilks, TM Shope, TR TI An intervention to increase adherence to a pharyngitis practice guideline SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2004 VL 55 IS 4 SU S MA 1357 BP 239A EP 240A PN 2 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 808TJ UT WOS:000220591101406 ER PT J AU Feldman, BL Shope, TR AF Feldman, BL Shope, TR TI Cost of current versus expanded tandem mass spectrometry newborn screening SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2004 VL 55 IS 4 SU S MA 1379 BP 243A EP 243A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 808TJ UT WOS:000220591101428 ER PT J AU Yang, MJ Yang, CH Lyanda-Geller, YB AF Yang, MJ Yang, CH Lyanda-Geller, YB TI Quantum beating in the conductance of ballistic rings SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional Systems (EP2DS-15) CY JUL 14-18, 2003 CL Nara, JAPAN DE spin Berry's phase; AB oscillations; InAs nanowire ID BERRYS PHASE; SPIN; OSCILLATIONS AB We propose and demonstrate experimentally a novel configuration for observing spin interference effects in the conductance of quantum rings. Our configuration, in which the conducting ring and the tangential current lead form a single collimating contact, precludes spin rotation in the contact region. We have observed the spin quantum beating in the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) conductance oscillations. This beating is the result of a superposition of two independent interference signals associated with the intrinsic spin-orbit interactions. Our work provides conclusive evidence of the spin Berry phase in the ring conductance. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yang@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 EI 1873-1759 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD APR PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1-3 BP 304 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2003.12.007 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 816WU UT WOS:000221140800073 ER PT J AU Aguayo, A Singh, DJ AF Aguayo, A Singh, DJ TI Electronic structure of the complex hydride NaAlH4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN STORAGE PROPERTIES; SODIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; DOPED NAALH4; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; 1ST PRINCIPLES; TITANIUM; STATE; YH3 AB Density-functional calculations of the electronic structure of the complex hydride NaAlH4 and the reference systems NaH and AlH3 are reported. We find a substantially ionic electronic structure for NaAlH4, which emphasizes the importance of solid-state effects in this material. The relaxed hydrogen positions in NaAlH4 are in good agreement with the recent experiment. The electronic structure of AlH3 is also ionic. Implications for the binding of complex hydrides are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aguayo, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 37 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 15 AR 155103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.155103 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 820YT UT WOS:000221426800038 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Moore, WJ Shanabrook, BV AF Freitas, JA Moore, WJ Shanabrook, BV TI Comment on "Recombination of excitons bound to oxygen and silicon donors in freestanding GaN" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Editorial Material ID PHASE EPITAXIAL GAN AB In a recent report, Wysmolek [Phys. Rev. B 66, 245317 (2002)] presented results of a photoluminescence study of donors in GaN. Time-resolved data were used to correlate spectral features associated with recombination processes leaving donors in the ground state and those leaving donors in excited states. The authors quoted donor 1s-2s and 1s-2p transition energies different from values recently reported and impurity state chemical shifts inconsistent with expectation. We recently reported [Freitas , Phys. Rev. B 66, 233311 (2002)] a different identification of donor-bound exciton features and an analysis of two-electron satellite features that integrated the effects of excited donor-bound excitons into the analysis. Differences in the two papers are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 15 AR 157301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.157301 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 820YT UT WOS:000221426800137 ER PT J AU Larson, P Mazin, II Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Larson, P Mazin, II Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Effects of doping on the magnetic anisotropy energy in SmCo5-xFex and YCo5-xFex SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL INTERMETALLICS; CRYSTAL-FIELD PARAMETERS; GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; CO SITE CONTRIBUTIONS; MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY; RARE-EARTH; RCO5 INTERMETALLICS; YCO5; ALLOYS; IRON AB SmCo5 is a technologically important material, having one of the largest magnetic anisotropy energies (MAE) of any hard magnet system. Common dopants include Fe and Cu, which produce grain boundaries that align individual grains, but also unintentionally dope the material within the grains. We have studied the magnetic properties of SmCo5-xFex and YCo5-xFex using density-functional theory calculations where the Sm 4f bands are treated within the LDA+U formalism (LDA-local-density approximation). Both supercell and virtual-crystal approximation calculations were performed for a series of Fe dopings. A strongly nonmonotonic behavior was found in the MAE for both series of compounds. The MAE of SmCo5-xFex with similar to3-4 % doping and of YCo5-xFex with similar to6-7 % doping increase by about 1 meV/f.u. before falling rapidly with larger Fe dopings. In both these cases, the results can be related to the position of the Fermi level with respect to the Co 3d minority peak in the density of states. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Larson, P (reprint author), USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 13 AR 134408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.134408 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818XP UT WOS:000221278100069 ER PT J AU Leon, C Ngai, KL Rivera, A AF Leon, C Ngai, KL Rivera, A TI Correlation between ion hopping conductivity and near constant loss in ionic conductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AC CONDUCTIVITY; OXIDE GLASSES; RELAXATION; BEHAVIOR; UNIVERSALITY; FREQUENCY; CRYSTALS; SPECTRA; SOLIDS; MELTS AB For ionic conductivity relaxation in ionically conducting materials we predict in the framework of the coupling model that the magnitude of the ubiquitous near constant loss correlates with the activation energy E-a for independent ion hopping. Using experimental data of a variety of ionic conductors, this correlation has been borne out. The model also explains the observed correlation between the magnitude of the near constant loss and the value of the dc conductivity at room temperature, as well as the temperature dependence for the near constant loss. C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leon, C (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843 NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 13 AR 134303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.134303 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818XP UT WOS:000221278100060 ER PT J AU Lyanda-Geller, YB Reinecke, TL Bayer, M AF Lyanda-Geller, YB Reinecke, TL Bayer, M TI Exciton fine structure in coupled quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE INTERACTION; STATES; MOLECULES; ELECTRON AB We have developed a theoretical treatment of exciton fine structure effects in coupled quantum dots. We find that the dominant contributions giving mixing of optically bright and dark states and anticrossings between them are (i) an anisotropic Zeeman interaction for the hole and (ii) the electron spin-orbit interaction at nonzero magnetic field. Detailed calculations are given for vertically coupled InAs/GaAs dots that give a framework for the interpretation of recent experimental results. We find that anticrossings arise from deviations from axial symmetry in these systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 16 AR 161308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.161308 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 820YW UT WOS:000221427100009 ER PT J AU Park, K Baruah, T Bernstein, N Pederson, MR AF Park, K Baruah, T Bernstein, N Pederson, MR TI Second-order transverse magnetic anisotropy induced by disorder in the single-molecule magnet Mn-12 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RELAXATION; MN-12-ACETATE; APPROXIMATION; ASSOCIATION; SPECTRA; STATES; WATER AB For the single-molecule magnet Mn-12, Cornia recently proposed that solvent molecules may cause the quantum tunneling that requires a lower symmetry than S-4. However, magnetic quantum tunneling and electron-paramagnetic-resonance experiments suggested that the proposed theory may not correspond to the measurements. In this regard, we consider positional disorder induced by the solvent molecules and orientational disorder by the methyl groups of a Mn-12 molecule. We calculate, within density-functional theory, the second-order transverse magnetic anisotropy parameter E and an easy-axis tilting angle theta induced by the positional disorder and the E value by the orientational disorder. We also calculate the local magnetic anisotropy and the local easy axis for each inequivalent Mn site in different environments to investigate their effects on the global E value. We find that the hydrogen bonding between a Mn-12 molecule and the solvent molecule is crucial to obtain a substantial E value and that the E value increases upon geometry relaxations. Our calculations on relaxed geometries show that the largest calculated E value is 0.016 K and that the largest tilting angle is 0.5degrees. Our largest E value is comparable to experimental results but larger than Cornia 's. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Howard Univ, Math Sci Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM park@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 14 AR 144426 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.144426 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 820YO UT WOS:000221426200076 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ Gupta, M AF Singh, DJ Gupta, M TI Role of H in the magnetism and electronic structure of YFe2H4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID Y-FE COMPOUNDS; HYDROGEN ABSORPTION; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; HYDRIDES; TRANSITION AB We report first-principles density-functional calculations of the electronic structure of YFe2 and YFe2H4. The electronic structure is strongly affected both by band narrowing associated with the lattice expansion upon hydriding and the changes in band filling and covalency with H, but the observed increase in magnetization upon hydrogen uptake is almost entirely due to lattice expansion. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Paris 11, EA 3547, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 13 AR 132403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.132403 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818XP UT WOS:000221278100009 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, TL TI Chaotic control and synchronization for system identification SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED SYNCHRONIZATION; GENERATING PARTITIONS; PERIODIC-ORBITS; COMMUNICATION; CIRCUITS; CHANNELS AB Research into applications of synchronized chaotic systems assumes that it will be necessary to build many different drive-response pairs, but little is known in general about designing higher dimensional chaotic flows. In this paper, I do not add any design techniques, but I show that it is possible to create multiple drive-response pairs from one chaotic system by applying chaos control techniques to the drive and response systems. If one can design one chaotic system with the desired properties, then many drive-response pairs can be built from this system, so that it is not necessary to solve the design problem more than once. I show both numerical simulations and experimental work with chaotic circuits. I also test the response systems for ability to overcome noise or other interference. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Thomas.L.Carroll@nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 4 AR 046202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.046202 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 818NY UT WOS:000221253000033 ER PT J AU Brown, TP AF Brown, TP TI Exertional rhabdomyolysis - Early recognition is key SO PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE LA English DT Review ID EXERCISE; MYOGLOBINURIA; SERUM; INFECTION C1 USN, Air Stn Pensacola, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Brown, TP (reprint author), 3178 Coquina Way, Gulf Breeze, FL 32563 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0091-3847 J9 PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED JI Physician Sportsmed. PD APR PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 15 EP 20 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 809ZF UT WOS:000220673900003 PM 20086405 ER PT J AU Breuer, KS Park, J Henoch, C AF Breuer, KS Park, J Henoch, C TI Actuation and control of a turbulent channel flow using Lorentz forces SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CONTROL; WALL TURBULENCE; SEPARATION AB Results concerning the design and fabrication of electromagnetic actuators, and their application to affect the wall shear stress in a fully turbulent channel flow are discussed. The actuators utilize a Lorentz force to induce fluid motion due to the interaction between a magnetic field and a current density. The actuators are comprised of spanwise-aligned rows of permanent magnets interlaced with surface-mounted electrodes, segmented to allow the Lorentz force to be propagated in the spanwise direction. Problems commonly associated with electromagnetic flow control-electrolysis, bubble formation, and electrode corrosion are substantially reduced, and in most cases eliminated by the use of a conductive polymer coating. The actuators generate velocity profiles with a penetration depth into the flow of approximately 1 mm (set by the electrode/magnet pitch) and maximum velocities of approximately 4 cm/s. The actuation velocities are found to scale linearly with forcing voltage and frequency. The electrical to mechanical efficiency is found to be very low (approximate to10(-4)), primarily due to the limitations on the magnetic field strength and the low conductivity of the working fluid (saltwater). The actuators are used in a fully turbulent low Reynolds number channel flow and their effect on the turbulent skin friction is measured using a direct measurement of drag. Maximum drag reductions of approximately 10% are measured when the flow is forced using a spanwise oscillating Lorentz force. A scaling argument for the optimal amplitude of the current density is developed. The efficiency of this method for drag reduction, and its application at higher Reynolds numbers is also discussed. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Breuer, KS (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM kbreuer@brown.edu OI Breuer, Kenneth/0000-0002-5122-2231 NR 20 TC 62 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD APR PY 2004 VL 16 IS 4 BP 897 EP 907 DI 10.1063/1.1647142 PG 11 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 801JH UT WOS:000220091700008 ER PT J AU Brown, DG Julier, SJ Baillot, Y Livingston, MA Rosenblum, LJ AF Brown, DG Julier, SJ Baillot, Y Livingston, MA Rosenblum, LJ TI Event-based data distribution for mobile augmented reality and virtual environments SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article AB The full power of mobile augmented and virtual reality systems is realized when these systems are connected to one another, to immersive virtual environments, and to remote information servers. Connections are usually made through wireless networks. However, wireless networks cannot guarantee connectivity and their bandwidth can be highly constrained. This paper presents a robust event-based data distribution mechanism for mobile augmented reality and virtual environments. It is based on replicated databases, pluggable networking protocols, and communication channels. The mechanism is demonstrated in the Battlefield Augmented Reality System (BARS) situation awareness system, composed of several mobile augmented reality systems, immersive and desktop-based virtual reality systems, a 2D map-based multimodal system, handheld PCs, and other sources of information such as external data servers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ITT Adv Engn & Sci, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dbrown@ait.nrl.navy.mil; julier@ait.nrl.navy.mil; baillot@ait.nrl.navy.mil; markl@ait.nrl.navy.mil; rosenblum@ait.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE ROGERS ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1209 USA SN 1054-7460 EI 1531-3263 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD APR PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 211 EP 221 DI 10.1162/1054746041382357 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 831FZ UT WOS:000222181600008 ER PT J AU Robbins, RG Bangs, MJ Keirans, JE AF Robbins, RG Bangs, MJ Keirans, JE TI First report of Ixodes kopsteini Oudemans (Acari : Ixodida : Ixodidae) from the Kingdom of Cambodia, with a summary of known hosts of this tick in continental southeastern Asia SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Dept Entomol, Parasit Dis Program, FPO, AP 96520 USA. Georgia So Univ, Inst Arthropodol & Parasitol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Robbins, RG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM richard.robbins@osd.mil; bangsmj@namru2.med.navy.mil; jkeirans@gasou.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 472 EP 474 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810AE UT WOS:000220676400023 ER PT J AU Wagner, RM Vrba, FJ Henden, AA Canzian, B Luginbuhl, CB Filippenko, AV Chornock, R Li, W Coil, AL Schmidt, GD Smith, PS Starrfield, S Klose, S Ticha, J Tichy, M Gorosabel, J Hudec, R Simon, V AF Wagner, RM Vrba, FJ Henden, AA Canzian, B Luginbuhl, CB Filippenko, AV Chornock, R Li, W Coil, AL Schmidt, GD Smith, PS Starrfield, S Klose, S Ticha, J Tichy, M Gorosabel, J Hudec, R Simon, V TI Discovery and evolution of an unusual luminous variable star in NGC 3432 (Supernova 2000ch) SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID ETA-CARINAE ANALOG; GALACTIC DISKS; MINOR MERGERS; SPECTRA; TIME AB We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2000ch, an unusual and extremely luminous variable star located in the galaxy NGC 3432. The object was discovered on 2000 May 3.2 during the course of the Lick Observatory Supernova Search, at an unfiltered magnitude of about 17.4. Prediscovery images obtained in 1997, 1998, and 2000 April show the object with R=19.2-19.5 mag. Optical spectra obtained beginning on 2000 May 6 show a smooth, flat continuum and strong, broad hydrogen Balmer emission lines at wavelengths consistent with the cataloged redshift of NGC 3432, strengthening the association of the variable with the galaxy. Photometric monitoring reveals a complex and erratic light curve over a time span of similar to10 days. Subsequent optical spectra over the next similar to3 months continued to show strong Balmer emission lines with a mean full width at half-maximum intensity similar to1550 km s(-1) and a distinct red asymmetry. A spectrum obtained 9 months after the outburst is similar to the previous spectra, but the integrated flux in Halpha is nearly half that observed during the outburst. The object's photometric behavior, spectrum, and luminosity suggest that it is a very massive and luminous variable star and might be related to some luminous blue variable stars such as eta Carinae and SN 1997bs in NGC 3627. The brightest apparent magnitude implies an absolute magnitude of at the M(V)approximate to-12.7 distance of NGC 3432, a value that is comparable to eta Car during its outburst in the mid-19th century. C1 Large Binocular Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Karl Schwarzschild Observ, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. Klet Observ, CZ-37001 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Inst Nacl Tecn Aeroespacial, Lab Astrofis Espacial & Fis Fundamental, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Astron, CS-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. RP Wagner, RM (reprint author), Large Binocular Telescope Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM rmw@as.arizona.edu; fjv@nofs.navy.mil; aah@nofs.navy.mil; bc@nofs.navy.mil; cbl@nofs.navy.mil; alex@astro.berkeley.edu; chornock@astro.berkeley.edu; weidong@astro.berkeley.edu; acoil@astro.berkeley.edu; gschmidt@as.arizona.edu; psmith@as.arizona.edu; sumner.starrfield@asu.edu; klose@tls-tautenburg.de; jticha@klet.cz; mtichy@klet.cz; jgu@laeff.esa.es; rhudec@asu.cas.cz; simon@asu.cas.cz RI Simon, Vojtech/G-9046-2014; Hudec, Rene/G-9018-2014 NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD APR PY 2004 VL 116 IS 818 BP 326 EP 336 DI 10.1086/382997 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 810WZ UT WOS:000220735700004 ER PT J AU Zutic, I Fabian, J Das Sarma, S AF Zutic, I Fabian, J Das Sarma, S TI Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; FERROMAGNET-SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACE; METAL/TUNNEL BARRIER CONTACT; GAAS/ALGAAS QUANTUM-WELLS; III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; DYNAMIC NUCLEAR-POLARIZATION; HALF-METALLIC FERROMAGNET; HOLE EXCHANGE INTERACTION; LATTICE-RELAXATION TIME AB Spintronics, or spin electronics, involves the study of active control and manipulation of spin degrees of freedom in solid-state systems. This article reviews the current status of this subject, including both recent advances and well-established results. The primary focus is on the basic physical principles underlying the generation of carrier spin polarization, spin dynamics, and spin-polarized transport in semiconductors and metals. Spin transport differs from charge transport in that spin is a nonconserved quantity in solids due to spin-orbit and hyperfine coupling. The authors discuss in detail spin decoherence mechanisms in metals and semiconductors. Various theories of spin injection and spin-polarized transport are applied to hybrid structures relevant to spin-based devices and fundamental studies of materials properties. Experimental work is reviewed with the emphasis on projected applications, in which external electric and magnetic fields and illumination by light will be used to control spin and charge dynamics to create new functionalities not feasible or ineffective with conventional electronics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Theoret Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC USA. EM igorz@physics.umd.edu; jaroslav.fabian@uni-graz.at RI Fabian, Jaroslav/K-1700-2013; Das Sarma, Sankar/B-2400-2009; Riminucci, Alberto/D-7525-2011 OI Fabian, Jaroslav/0000-0002-3009-4525; Das Sarma, Sankar/0000-0002-0439-986X; Riminucci, Alberto/0000-0003-0976-1810 NR 912 TC 5611 Z9 5683 U1 142 U2 1355 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD APR PY 2004 VL 76 IS 2 BP 323 EP 410 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.76.323 PG 88 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 835GU UT WOS:000222471500001 ER PT J AU Crum, NF AF Crum, NF TI Group A Streptococcal brain abscess SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID OTOGENIC INTRACRANIAL ABSCESS; MENINGITIS C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfcrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0036-5548 J9 SCAND J INFECT DIS JI Scand. J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2004 VL 36 IS 3 BP 238 EP 239 DI 10.1080/00365540410019417 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 809DA UT WOS:000220616200017 PM 15119376 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Nichols, CJ Todd, MD Seaver, M Trickey, ST Virgin, LN AF Nichols, JM Nichols, CJ Todd, MD Seaver, M Trickey, ST Virgin, LN TI Use of data-driven phase space models in assessing the strength of a bolted connection in a composite beam SO SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID MINIMIZING NATURAL FREQUENCY; STRUCTURAL DAMAGE DETECTION; TIME-SERIES; CORRELATION DIMENSION; IDENTIFICATION; EXCITATION; INTERROGATION; ALGORITHMS; ATTRACTORS; SENSORS AB This work explores the role of empirical dynamical models in deducing the level of preload loss in a bolted connection. Specifically, we examine the functional relationship between data gleaned from locations on either side of the connection using nonlinear predictive models. This relationship, as quantified by a measure of prediction error, changes as a function of bolt loosening, thus allowing both the presence and magnitude of the axial load to be identified. The models are based on a phase space portrayal of the system dynamics and require only that the structure's response be low dimensional. The technique is demonstrated experimentally on a composite beam fastened to steel plates with four instrumented bolts. Results are compared to a similar approach using an auto-regressive (AR) modeling technique. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pele@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 49 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 EI 1361-665X J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD APR PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 241 EP 250 AR PII S0964-1726(04)74569-3 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/13/2/001 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 817IZ UT WOS:000221172500001 ER PT J AU Hyun, CB Coyle, WJ AF Hyun, CB Coyle, WJ TI Hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus coinfection: An emerging problem? SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE coinfection; hepatitis B virus; hepatocellular carcinoma; human immunodeficiency virus ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; NATURAL-HISTORY; AIDS; REACTIVATION; ROLES AB Infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have similar risk factors and routes of transmission. It is estimated that 64 to 84% of HIV-infected individuals have positive markers for anti-HBc antibodies, with the chronic HBV infection rate approaching 16%. There is, however, a paucity of information on HBV/HIV coinfection, and its clinical implications remain unclear. We review the literature and report our recent experience with a 44-year-old man with HBV/HIV coinfection who developed metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma despite quiescent HBV and HIV disease courses. Highly active antiretroviral therapy has revolutionized HIV disease. As a result, morbidity and mortality from other underlying chronic, non-HIV-related diseases, such as the HBV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma reported here, will likely continue to increase in the HIV-infected patient population. C1 USN, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Hyun, CB (reprint author), USN, Clin Invest Dept KCA, Med Ctr San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM cbhyun@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 37 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD APR PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 401 EP 406 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 831DC UT WOS:000222172200020 PM 15108838 ER PT J AU Truett, AA Crum, NF AF Truett, AA Crum, NF TI Coccidioidomycosis of the prostate gland: Two cases and a review of the literature SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE acute splenic sequestration crisis; adults; sickle cell anemia AB Coccidioidomycosis prostatitis is an uncommon presentation of disseminated coccidioidomycosis, a fungal disease endemic in the southwestern United States. Coccidioidomycosis prostatitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient from an endemic region with evidence of persistent sterile pyuria, prostatitis, or granulomatous disease of the prostate. Diagnosis is established by biopsy, and treatment includes either an azole or amphotericin B. We present the twelfth and thirteenth reported cases and provide a review of the literature. C1 USN, Dept Clin Invest KCA, Med Ctr San Diego, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Truett, AA (reprint author), USN, Dept Clin Invest KCA, Med Ctr San Diego, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM aatruett@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD APR PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 419 EP 422 DI 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000110406.39845.D8 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 831DC UT WOS:000222172200025 PM 15108843 ER PT J AU Wilhelm, K Dwivedi, BN Marsch, E Feldman, U AF Wilhelm, K Dwivedi, BN Marsch, E Feldman, U TI Observations of the sun at vacuum-ultraviolet wavelengths from space. Part I: Concepts and instrumentation SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SOLAR EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; CORONAL DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; HIGH-RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS; IRRADIANCE COMPARISON EXPERIMENT-1; LIMB BRIGHTENING OBSERVATIONS; MONITOR-SUSIM-EXPERIMENT; RESEARCH SATELLITE UARS; LINE INTENSITY RATIOS; EMISSION-LINES; X-RAY AB Studies of the high-temperature solar atmosphere are to a large extent based on spectroscopic observations of emission lines and continuum radiation in the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) wavelength range of the electromagnetic spectrum. In addition, important contributions stem from soft X-ray measurements. Most of the VUV radiation is produced by transitions of atoms and ions. The resulting atomic and ionic spectral lines have formation temperatures between 10 000 K and 20 MK, representative of the chromosphere, transition region, corona, and solar flares. Some molecular lines and the continua originate in cooler regions of the Sun, around and below the temperature minimum between the photosphere and the chromosphere. Radiation at VUV wavelengths is strongly absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere. Consequently, it can only be detected with instruments on sounding rockets and spacecraft operating above the atmosphere. The progress in this field of research, in particular over the last 25 years, will be presented in the first part of this review by describing the concepts and instrumentation of modern spectrographs and imaging telescopes. This presentation is accompanied by some examples of high-resolution solar images and a discussion of radiometric-calibration aspects and wavelength measurements. A second part will follow in the near future, summarizing important results obtained on the plasma conditions in the solar atmosphere. C1 Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Max Planck Inst Aeron, Max Planck Str 2, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. NR 250 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD APR PY 2004 VL 111 IS 3-4 BP 415 EP 480 DI 10.1023/B:SPAC.0000032695.27525.54 PG 66 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 831ZB UT WOS:000222234400003 ER PT J AU Weir, GE AF Weir, GE TI Building the trident network: A study of the enrollment of people, knowledge, and machines. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Weir, GE (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD APR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 450 EP 452 DI 10.1353/tech.2004.0101 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 823OJ UT WOS:000221622200034 ER PT J AU Toftmann, B Papantonakis, MR Auyeung, RCY Kim, W O'Malley, SM Bubb, DM Horwitz, JS Schou, J Johansen, PM Haglund, RE AF Toftmann, B Papantonakis, MR Auyeung, RCY Kim, W O'Malley, SM Bubb, DM Horwitz, JS Schou, J Johansen, PM Haglund, RE TI UV and RIR matrix assisted pulsed laser deposition of organic MEH-PPV films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EMRS 2003 Spring Conference CY JUN 10-11, 2003 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE DE laser deposition; pulsed laser deposition; RIR; UV; matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation; MEH-PPV ID CONJUGATED POLYMERS; PERFORMANCE; MORPHOLOGY; ABLATION AB A comparative study of thin film production based on gentle laser-ablation techniques has been carried out with the luminescent polymer poly [2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene]. Using a free-electron laser films were made by resonant infrared pulsed laser deposition (RIR-PLD). For the first time resonant infrared matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (RIR-MAPLE) was successfully demonstrated on a luminescent polymer system. In addition to this, an excimer laser has been used for UV-MAPLE depositions at 193 and 248-nm irradiation. Films deposited onto NaCl and quartz substrates were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible absorbance and photoluminescence. Photoluminescent material was deposited by RIR-MAPLE and 248-nm MAPLE, while the RIR-PLD and 193-nm-MAPLE depositions displayed the smoothest surfaces but did not show photoluminescence. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Riso Natl Lab, Dept Opt & Fluid Dynam, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, WM Keck Fdn Free Elect Laser Lab, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. RP Toftmann, B (reprint author), Riso Natl Lab, Dept Opt & Fluid Dynam, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM bo.toftmann.christensen@risoe.dk RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 NR 13 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 1 PY 2004 VL 453 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2003.11.099 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 807ON UT WOS:000220510900037 ER PT J AU Cristescu, R Stamatin, I Mihaiescu, DE Ghica, C Albulescu, M Mihailescu, IN Chrisey, DB AF Cristescu, R Stamatin, I Mihaiescu, DE Ghica, C Albulescu, M Mihailescu, IN Chrisey, DB TI Pulsed laser deposition of biocompatible polymers: a comparative study in case of pullulan SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EMRS 2003 Spring Conference CY JUN 10-11, 2003 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE DE biopolymer thin films; pullulan; pulsed laser deposition; matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation ID EVAPORATION; MATRIX; FILMS AB We report some results of a comparison between thin films of pullulan biopolymer obtained by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE). In experiments we used a KrF* laser source generating pulses of 248 nm and 20 ns pulse duration. We demonstrate by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) that MAPLE is more appropriate than conventional PLD for transfer with high structural fidelity of biopolymers from target to substrate. In case of MAPLE, besides FTIR spectra, atomic force microscopy micrographs and scanning electron microscopy images prove that the film composition and structure strongly depend on the solvent used for the targets preparation: distilled water, ethylene glycol, ethanol, tert-butanol and dimethyl sulfoxide. Our best results for pullulan deposition were obtained using dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent. This is the first report of successful MAPLE deposition of this material as thin films. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Lasers Plasma & Radiat Phys, RO-76900 Bucharest, Magurele, Romania. Univ Bucharest, Fac Phys, RO-76900 Bucharest, Magurele, Romania. Univ Agr Sci & Vet Med, Bucharest, Romania. Natl Inst Mat Phys, RO-76900 Bucharest, Magurele, Romania. Natl Inst Chem Pharmaceut R&D, Bucharest 74373 3, Magurele, Romania. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cristescu, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Lasers Plasma & Radiat Phys, POB MG-36, RO-76900 Bucharest, Magurele, Romania. EM rodica@ifin.nipne.ro RI Ghica, Corneliu/B-7591-2011; Mihailescu, Ion/A-5403-2011; Cristescu, Rodica/F-1961-2010; Mihaiescu, Dan Eduard/I-5523-2014; Stamatin, ioan/A-7948-2011; OI Cristescu, Rodica/0000-0002-3092-6168; Mihaiescu, Dan Eduard/0000-0001-9873-3912; stamatin, ioan/0000-0002-9168-7180 NR 12 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 1 PY 2004 VL 453 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2003.11.145 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 807ON UT WOS:000220510900052 ER PT J AU Barron, JA Ringeisen, BR Kim, HS Spargo, BJ Chrisey, DB AF Barron, JA Ringeisen, BR Kim, HS Spargo, BJ Chrisey, DB TI Application of laser printing to mammalian cells SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EMRS 2003 Spring Conference CY JUN 10-11, 2003 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE DE MAPLE DW; tissue engineering ID MAPLE DIRECT WRITE; EVAPORATION MAPLE; TISSUE; DEPOSITION AB A laser-based transfer technique, termed matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write (MAPLE DW), has been modified to rapidly and accurately deposit mammalian cells in a non-contact manner. While this technology was originally developed for deposition of inorganic materials, it has shown the ability to transfer of a wide range of biological materials. Two types of mammalian cells, human osteosarcoma and rat cardiac cells were deposited into a biopolymer matrix via MAPLE DW Current results show that it is possible to deposit cells in a stepwise manner and build cellular 'stacks' 50-100 mum tall. Furthermore, the technique is now capable of depositing cells with near single cell resolution. Post-transfer results of live/dead viability/cytotoxicity assays show that the cells are unaffected by the process with near 100% viability. The ability to build cellular structures in three dimensions and deposit small numbers of cells accurately has potential application to tissue engineering. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Biol Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Barron, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Biol Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jbarron@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 1 PY 2004 VL 453 BP 383 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2003.11.161 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 807ON UT WOS:000220510900074 ER PT J AU Wilson, CL AF Wilson, CL TI Molecular switch circuits in toxicology: A dimmer switch for dioxin SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; CYP1A1 GENE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; INDUCTION; MODEL; LIVER C1 USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit No 2, Dept Operat & Intelligence, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. RP Wilson, CL (reprint author), USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit No 2, Dept Operat & Intelligence, 1887 Powhatan St, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. EM wilsonc@nepmu2.med.navy.mil NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 78 IS 2 BP 178 EP 180 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfh087 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 810YP UT WOS:000220739900002 PM 14976344 ER PT J AU Hirsekorn, M Delsanto, PP Batra, NK Matic, P AF Hirsekorn, M Delsanto, PP Batra, NK Matic, P TI Modelling and simulation of acoustic wave propagation in locally resonant sonic materials SO ULTRASONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ultrasonics International 2003 Meeting CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 2003 CL Granada, SPAIN DE sonic crystals; numerical simulations; sound attenuation; local resonances; audible frequency range; modelling ID CRYSTALS; GAPS AB Sonic crystals are artificial structures consisting of a periodic array of acoustic scatterers embedded in a homogeneous matrix material, with a usually large impedance mismatch between the two materials. They exhibit strong sound attenuation at selective frequency bands due to the interference of multiply reflected waves. However, sound attenuation bands in the audible range are only achieved by unfunctionally large sonic crystals. If local resonators are used instead of simple scatterers, the frequencies of the attenuation bands can be reduced by about two orders of magnitude. In the present paper we perform numerical simulations of acoustic wave propagation through sonic crystals consisting of local resonators using the local interaction simulation approach (LISA). Three strong attenuation bands are found at frequencies between 0.3 and 6.0 kHz, which do not depend on the periodicity of the crystal. The results are in good qualitative agreement with experimental data. We analyze the dependence of the resonance frequencies on the structural parameters of the local resonators in order to create a tool for design and optimization of any kind of sonic crystal. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Fis, INFM, I-10129 Turin, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hirsekorn, M (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Fis, INFM, Cso Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM martin.hirsekorn@polito.it NR 16 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0041-624X J9 ULTRASONICS JI Ultrasonics PD APR PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1-9 BP 231 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.ultras.2004.01.014 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 812DP UT WOS:000220820500038 PM 15047290 ER PT J AU Harasti, PR McAdie, CJ Dodge, PP Lee, WC Tuttle, J Murillo, ST Marks, FD AF Harasti, PR McAdie, CJ Dodge, PP Lee, WC Tuttle, J Murillo, ST Marks, FD TI Real-time implementation of single-Doppler radar analysis methods for tropical cyclones: Algorithm improvements and use with WSR-88D display data SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID KINEMATIC STRUCTURE; PROGRAM; MOTION AB The NOAA/NWS/NCEP/Tropical Prediction Center/National Hurricane Center has sought techniques that use single-Doppler radar data to estimate the tropical cyclone wind field. A cooperative effort with NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory/Hurricane Research Division and NCAR has resulted in significant progress in developing a method whereby radar display data are used as a proxy for a full-resolution base data and in improving and implementing existing wind retrieval and center-finding techniques. These techniques include the ground-based velocity track display (GBVTD), tracking radar echoes by correlation (TREC), GBVTD-simplex, and the principal component analysis (PCA) methods. The GBVTD and TREC algorithms are successfully applied to the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) display data of Hurricane Bret (1999) and Tropical Storm Barry (2001). GBVTD analyses utilized circulation center estimates provided by the GBVTD-simplex and PCA methods, whereas TREC analyses utilized wind center estimates provided by radar imagery and aircraft measurements. GBVTD results demonstrate that the use of the storm motion as a proxy for the mean wind is not always appropriate and that results are sensitive to the accuracy of the circulation center estimate. TREC results support a previous conjecture that the use of polar coordinates would produce improved wind retrievals for intense tropical cyclones. However, there is a notable effect in the results when different wind center estimates are used as the origin of coordinates. The overall conclusion is that GBVTD and TREC have the ability to retrieve the intensity of a tropical cyclone with an accuracy of similar to2 m s(-1) or better if the wind intensity estimates from individual analyses are averaged together. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Trop Predict Ctr, Miami, FL USA. NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, AOML, Miami, FL USA. RP Harasti, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,MS-2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM harasti.ucar.ca@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Murillo, Shirley/C-3259-2014; dodge, peter/A-9808-2017 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Murillo, Shirley/0000-0002-2075-8682; NR 32 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 219 EP 239 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0219:RIOSRA>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 807CV UT WOS:000220480500003 ER PT J AU Rhee, P Velmahos, GC AF Rhee, P Velmahos, GC TI Traumatic wounds SO WOUNDS-A COMPENDIUM OF CLINICAL RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID VACUUM-ASSISTED CLOSURE; OPEN ABDOMENS C1 Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Trauma Training Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Rhee, P (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM prhee@nshs-sd.med.navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU H M P COMMUNICATIONS PI MALVERN PA 83 GENERAL WARREN BLVD, STE 100, MALVERN, PA 19355 USA SN 1044-7946 J9 WOUNDS JI Wounds-Compend. Clin. Res. Pract. PD APR PY 2004 SU S BP 22 EP 25 PG 4 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 817VB UT WOS:000221203900008 ER PT J AU Gorelik, J Zhang, YJ Shevchuk, AI Frolenkov, GI Sanchez, D Lab, MJ Vodyanoy, I Edwards, CRW Klenerman, D Korchev, YE AF Gorelik, J Zhang, YJ Shevchuk, AI Frolenkov, GI Sanchez, D Lab, MJ Vodyanoy, I Edwards, CRW Klenerman, D Korchev, YE TI The use of scanning ion conductance microscopy to image A6 cells SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Aldosterone CY APR 28-30, 2003 CL London, ENGLAND SP Wellcome Trust, Pharmacia Inc, NIH, Astra Zeneca DE scanning microscopy; A6 cells; aldosterone ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; LIVING CELLS; SODIUM-CHANNELS; SURFACE; LOCALIZATION; ALDOSTERONE; DYNAMICS; POLARITY; LINE AB Back.-round: Continuous high spatial resolution observations of living A6 cells would greatly aid the elucidation of the relationship between structure and function and facilitate the study of major physiological processes Such as the mechanism of action of aldosterone. Unfortunately, observing the micro-structural and functional changes in the membrane of living cells is still a formidable challenge for a microscopist. Method: Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), which uses a glass nanopipette as a sensitive probe, has been shown to be suitable for imaging non-conducting! surfaces bathed in electrolytes. A specialized version of this microscopy has been developed by our group and has been applied to image live cells at high-resolution for the first time. This method can also be used in conjunction with patch clamping to study both anatomy and function and identify ion channels in single cells. Results: This new microscopy provides high-resolution images of living renal cells which are comparable with those obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Continuous 24 It observations under normal physiological conditions showed how A6 kidney epithelial cells changed their height, volume, and reshaped their borders. The changes in cell area correlated with the density of microvilli on the surface. Surface microvilli density ranged from 0.5 mum(-2) for extended cells to 2.5 mum(2) for shrunk cells. Patch clamping of individual cells enabled anatomy and function to be correlated. Conclusions: Scanning ion conductance microscopy provides unique information about living cells that helps to understand cellular function. It has the potential to become a powerful tool for research on living renal cells. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Med, MRC, Ctr Clin Sci, London W12 0NN, England. Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20850 USA. USN, Res Off, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Off Vice Chancellor, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. RP Korchev, YE (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Med, MRC, Ctr Clin Sci, Hammersmith Hosp Campus,Cane Rd, London W12 0NN, England. EM y.korchev@ic.ac.uk RI Sanchez, Daniel/B-5141-2009; Korchev, Yuri/D-2498-2009; OI Korchev, Yuri/0000-0002-4872-8696; Klenerman, David/0000-0001-7116-6954; Frolenkov, Gregory/0000-0002-9810-5024 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [C19021] NR 25 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0303-7207 J9 MOL CELL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PD MAR 31 PY 2004 VL 217 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.mce.2003.10.015 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 823TG UT WOS:000221635500014 PM 15134807 ER PT J AU Schmidt, DL Brady, RF Lam, K Schmidt, DC Chaudhury, MK AF Schmidt, DL Brady, RF Lam, K Schmidt, DC Chaudhury, MK TI Contact angle hysteresis, adhesion, and marine biofouling SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID FOULING-RELEASE COATINGS; SURFACES; RESISTANCE; INTERFACES; FILMS AB Adhesive and marine biofouling release properties of coatings containing surface-oriented perfluoroalkyl groups were investigated. These coatings were prepared by cross-linking a copolymer of 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate and acrylic acid with a copolymer of poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) and methyl methacrylate at different molar ratios. The relationships between contact angle, contact angle hysteresis, adhesion, and marine biofouling were studied. Adhesion was determined by peel tests using pressure-sensitive adhesives. The chemical nature of the surfaces was studied by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Resistance to marine biofouling of an optimized coating was studied by immersion in seawater and compared to previous, less optimized coatings. The adhesive release properties of the coatings did not correlate well with the surface energies of the coatings estimated from the static and advancing contact angles nor with the amount of fluorine present on the surface. The adhesive properties of the surfaces, however, show a correlation with water receding contact angles and contact angle hysteresis (or wetting hysteresis) resulting from surface penetration and surface reconstruction. Coatings having the best release properties had both the highest cross-link density and the lowest contact angle hysteresis. An optimized coating exhibited unprecedented resistance to marine biofouling. Water contact angle hysteresis appears to correlate with marine biofouling resistance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Brady, RF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sharonandbobb@aol.com NR 26 TC 133 Z9 146 U1 7 U2 63 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 30 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 7 BP 2830 EP 2836 DI 10.1021/la035385o PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 806LX UT WOS:000220436500049 PM 15835160 ER PT J AU Baruah, T Pederson, MR AF Baruah, T Pederson, MR TI Equivalent Wannier-like functions for molecular calculations. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM baruah@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 450-PHYS BP U327 EP U327 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701692 ER PT J AU Biros, SM Palmer, LC Lin, S Rebek, J AF Biros, SM Palmer, LC Lin, S Rebek, J TI Dynamics of capsular host-guest exchange using fluorescence resonance energy transfer SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Palmer, Liam/E-2975-2010 OI Palmer, Liam/0000-0003-0804-1168 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 371-ORGN BP U165 EP U166 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655700880 ER PT J AU Cao, H Flippen-Anderson, JL Chen, JL Cook, JM AF Cao, H Flippen-Anderson, JL Chen, JL Cook, JM TI Use of the molybdenum hexacarbonyl-mediated tandem allenic Pauson-Khand reaction for the synthesis of a dicyclo[a,e]pentalene SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 83-ORGN BP U117 EP U117 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655700592 ER PT J AU Copper, CL AF Copper, CL TI Separation of thiol and cyanide hydrolysis products of chemical warfare agents by capillary electrophoresis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC USA. EM ccopper@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 129-ANYL BP U98 EP U99 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655600417 ER PT J AU Crouch, CC O'Sullivan, DW AF Crouch, CC O'Sullivan, DW TI Illustrating the concept of sparingly soluble salts using various copper salts: A classroom demonstration. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m04l524@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 772-CHED BP U615 EP U615 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655602046 ER PT J AU Fox, DM Bellayer, S Awad, W Gilman, JW Davis, RD Maupin, PH De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Fox, DM Bellayer, S Awad, W Gilman, JW Davis, RD Maupin, PH De Long, HC Trulove, PC TI Application of trialkylimidazolium liquids and salts to the preparation of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites and polymer-carbon nanotube nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US DOE, Off Basic Energy Sci, Off Sci, Washington, DC USA. USAF, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Off Sci Res, Washington, DC USA. EM dmfox@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 640-POLY BP U461 EP U461 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702428 ER PT J AU Greene, PA Copper, CL Berv, D Ramsey, JD Collins, GE AF Greene, PA Copper, CL Berv, D Ramsey, JD Collins, GE TI Recovery and detection of uranium (VI) from building materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM m042664@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 038-ENVR BP U1044 EP U1044 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655603536 ER PT J AU Han, DM Forsterling, FH Li, XY Deschamps, JR Cao, H Cook, JM AF Han, DM Forsterling, FH Li, XY Deschamps, JR Cao, H Cook, JM TI Study of the structure-activity relationships of GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor bivalent ligands by low temperature nmr spectroscopy and X-ray analysis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dmhan99@uwm.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 285-MEDI BP U59 EP U59 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655700283 ER PT J AU Harrison, JA Chateauneuf, GM Gao, GT Mikulski, PT AF Harrison, JA Chateauneuf, GM Gao, GT Mikulski, PT TI MD studies of atomic-scale tribology in model sams and amorphous carbon films. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jah@usna.edu RI Gao, Guangtu/F-4541-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 317-COLL BP U854 EP U854 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655602938 ER PT J AU Hofstadler, SA Ecker, DJ Blyn, LB Sampath, R Drader, J Jiang, Y Hannis, JC Hall, T Eshoo, M McNeil, J Robbins, D Knize, D Rudnick, K Moradi, E Moore, D Desai, A Penhune, J Sofianos, D Freed, N Russell, K AF Hofstadler, SA Ecker, DJ Blyn, LB Sampath, R Drader, J Jiang, Y Hannis, JC Hall, T Eshoo, M McNeil, J Robbins, D Knize, D Rudnick, K Moradi, E Moore, D Desai, A Penhune, J Sofianos, D Freed, N Russell, K TI High throughput mass spectrometry for the identification and typing of biowarfare agents and pathogens associated with emerging infectious diseases: The TIGER approach. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Ibis Therapeut, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, McLean, VA 22102 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 18-PHYS BP U247 EP U248 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701263 ER PT J AU Houser, EJ Simonson, DL Stepnowski, JL Ross, SK Stepnowski, SV McGill, RA AF Houser, EJ Simonson, DL Stepnowski, JL Ross, SK Stepnowski, SV McGill, RA TI Design of hydrogen bond acidic polycarbosilanes for chemical sensor applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Div Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Def Sci & Technol Lab, Detect Dept, Salisbury, Wilts, England. EM eric.houser@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 596-POLY BP U454 EP U454 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702384 ER PT J AU Hsu, JWP Campillo, AL Bryant, GW AF Hsu, JWP Campillo, AL Bryant, GW TI Near-field scanning optical microscopy studies of nandstructured SiN membranes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Labs, Washington, DC USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jwhsu@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 508-PHYS BP U335 EP U336 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701750 ER PT J AU Je, J Kim, OK AF Je, J Kim, OK TI Helical J-aggregation of cyanine dye onto carboxymethy amylose. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jtje@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; okkim@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 354-PMSE BP U544 EP U544 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702806 ER PT J AU Jensen, SD Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT AF Jensen, SD Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT TI Reduction of wind erosion employing a novel, biodegradable, polysaccharide based solution SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sjensen2@gmu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 038-AGRO BP U63 EP U63 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655600207 ER PT J AU Kolel-Veetil, MK Keller, TM AF Kolel-Veetil, MK Keller, TM TI Elastomeric networks by PT-mediated hydrosilations of 5eactive carboranylenesiloxanes and siloxane crossilinkers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM manojkv@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 312-POLY BP U411 EP U411 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702100 ER PT J AU Laskoski, M Keller, TM AF Laskoski, M Keller, TM TI Oligomeric cyanate ester resins: A new class of thermosetting polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 26-POLY BP U351 EP U351 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701815 ER PT J AU Lawson, GE Lee, YW AF Lawson, GE Lee, YW TI Phospholipid based catalytic nanocapsules. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 595-POLY BP U454 EP U454 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702383 ER PT J AU Lloyd, CT Jensen, SD Wynne, JH Cozzens, RF AF Lloyd, CT Jensen, SD Wynne, JH Cozzens, RF TI Engineering, design, and irradiance of organic composites and the relationship between molecular structure and laser hardness. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM clloyd@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 155-IEC BP U1255 EP U1255 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655604215 ER PT J AU Mason, DJ Detzel, CJ Van Wie, BJ Kidwell, DA AF Mason, DJ Detzel, CJ Van Wie, BJ Kidwell, DA TI Integrating process monitoring into a novel continuous centrifugal bioreactor. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 040-BIOT BP U128 EP U128 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655600587 ER PT J AU O'Sullivan, DW Osburn, CL Coffin, RB Boyd, TJ AF O'Sullivan, DW Osburn, CL Coffin, RB Boyd, TJ TI Quantum yields for the photochemical production of hydrogen peroxide and methyl-hydroperoxide in coastal waters. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM osulliva@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 098-GEOC BP U1207 EP U1207 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655603961 ER PT J AU Owrutsky, JC Sando, GM Zhong, Q AF Owrutsky, JC Sando, GM Zhong, Q TI Vibrational relaxation dynamics of cyanoferrates in solution. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff@chem1.nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 311 BP U305 EP U305 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701553 ER PT J AU Passaro, LC Pollack, SK AF Passaro, LC Pollack, SK TI Synthesis of 2-furyl-N-pentyl ketone, functional analog of a naturally occurring antimicrobial agent SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lcp@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 419-ORGN BP U174 EP U174 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655700928 ER PT J AU Pehrsson, PE Ericson, LM Baldwin, JW AF Pehrsson, PE Ericson, LM Baldwin, JW TI Dielectrophoretic sorting of single-wall carbon nanotubes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pehrsson@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 262-IEC BP U1273 EP U1273 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655604322 ER PT J AU Petrovykh, DY Kimura-Suda, H Opdahl, AM Tarlov, MJ Whitman, LJ AF Petrovykh, DY Kimura-Suda, H Opdahl, AM Tarlov, MJ Whitman, LJ TI DNA-DNA and DNA-surface interactions measured using homo-oligonucleotides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dmitri.petrovykh@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 50-POLY BP U355 EP U355 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701839 ER PT J AU Pollack, SK Naciri, J Stanish, I Sanabria-Morales, M AF Pollack, SK Naciri, J Stanish, I Sanabria-Morales, M TI Effects of polyamine topology on templated silica growth SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. EM Steven.Pollack@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 543-POLY BP U446 EP U447 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702331 ER PT J AU Russell, JN Barlow, DE Butler, JE Schwartz, MP Hamers, RJ D'Evelyn, MP AF Russell, JN Barlow, DE Butler, JE Schwartz, MP Hamers, RJ D'Evelyn, MP TI Comparison of diamond and silicon (100)-2x1 surface chemistry. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI USA. EM Russell2@ccf.nrl.navy.mil RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Barlow, Daniel/C-9006-2013; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 010-COLL BP U805 EP U805 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655602632 ER PT J AU Sando, GM Zhong, Q Owrutsky, JC AF Sando, GM Zhong, Q Owrutsky, JC TI Ultrafast infrared studies of orientational dynamics of cyanoferrates in solution and reverse micelles. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC USA. RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 255-PHYS BP U282 EP U283 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701497 ER PT J AU Schull, TL Knight, DA Bujoli, B AF Schull, TL Knight, DA Bujoli, B TI Phosphonate-titania sol-gel supported transition metal catalysts. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Fac Sci & Tech, Organ Synth Lab, Nantes, France. EM schull@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 197-INOR BP U1318 EP U1318 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655604555 ER PT J AU Shen, ZH Wright, M Lott, KM McHugh, MA AF Shen, ZH Wright, M Lott, KM McHugh, MA TI SCF solubility of aromatic-based monomers, dimers, and polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN, Chem & Mat Div, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Washington, DC USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM mmchugh@vcu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 364-POLY BP U419 EP U419 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702152 ER PT J AU Simonson, DL Houser, EJ Stepnowski, JL McGill, RA AF Simonson, DL Houser, EJ Stepnowski, JL McGill, RA TI Hexafluoroisopropanol functionalized poly(silabutanes) for chemical sensor applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Div Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. EM simonson@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 506-POLY BP U440 EP U441 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702294 ER PT J AU Spector, MS AF Spector, MS TI Chiral molecular self-assembly. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM spector@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 416-COLL BP U870 EP U871 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655603037 ER PT J AU Stone, JN Ferrante, RF Moore, MH AF Stone, JN Ferrante, RF Moore, MH TI Low temperature IR spectroscopy of water and ammonia ices. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM m046684@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 321-PHYS BP U307 EP U307 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701563 ER PT J AU Swider-Lyons, K Bouwman, PJ Dmowski, W AF Swider-Lyons, K Bouwman, PJ Dmowski, W TI The use of nanocomposite materials to lower the platinum content of fuel cells and potential environmental payoffs. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM karen.lyons@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 065-IEC BP U1241 EP U1241 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655604125 ER PT J AU Tyree, MG O'Sullivan, DW AF Tyree, MG O'Sullivan, DW TI Analysis of the kinetics of complex formation between Ti(IV), hydrogen peroxide, hydroxymethyi-hydroperoxide, bis(hydroxymethyl)hydroperoxide. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 361-CHED BP U456 EP U456 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655601644 ER PT J AU Urban, JJ Cronin, WA AF Urban, JJ Cronin, WA TI Fluorinated peptide mimetics: A computational investigation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Chem Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM urban@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 296-CHED BP U447 EP U447 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655601579 ER PT J AU Wolak, MA Delcamp, D Anthony, JE Kafafi, ZH AF Wolak, MA Delcamp, D Anthony, JE Kafafi, ZH TI The synthesis and photophysical properties of a novel red-emitting dioxolane-substituted pentacene derivative SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM mwolak@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 230-ORGN BP U141 EP U141 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655700739 ER PT J AU Wright, M AF Wright, M TI Synthesis of new silane-based bis(cyanate) ester monomers for SSE in high performance composite resins. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Chem & Mat Div, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM Michael.Wright@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 495-POLY BP U439 EP U439 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702283 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Snow, AW Jones-Meehan, J AF Wynne, JH Snow, AW Jones-Meehan, J TI Combinatorial synthetic approach toward novel multi-functionalized biocides. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jwynne@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 423-POLY BP U428 EP U428 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702211 ER PT J AU Bell, TF Inan, US Platino, M Pickett, JS Kossey, PA Kennedy, EJ AF Bell, TF Inan, US Platino, M Pickett, JS Kossey, PA Kennedy, EJ TI CLUSTER observations of lower hybrid waves excited at high altitudes by electromagnetic whistler mode signals from the HAARP facility SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VLF TRANSMITTER SIGNALS; IONOSPHERE; DE-1 AB We report new observations from the CLUSTER spacecraft of strong excitation of lower hybrid (LH) waves by electromagnetic (EM) whistler mode waves at altitudes greater than or equal to20,000 km outside the plasmasphere. Previous observations of this phenomenon occurred at altitudes less than or equal to7000 km. The excitation mechanism appears to be linear mode coupling in the presence of small scale plasma density irregularities. These observations provide strong evidence that EM whistler mode waves are continuously transformed into LH waves as the whistler mode waves propagate at high altitudes beyond Lsimilar to4. This may explain the lack of lightning generated whistlers observed in this same region of space. C1 Stanford Univ, STAR Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bell, TF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, STAR Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM bell@nova.stanford.edu NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 26 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 6 AR L06811 DI 10.1029/2003GL018855 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 809EZ UT WOS:000220621300001 ER PT J AU Parker, S Roberts, D Kujawa, K AF Parker, S Roberts, D Kujawa, K TI Bioavailability of tyrosine SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting CY APR 17-21, 2004 CL Washington, DC C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 24 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 5 SU S BP A1294 EP A1294 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 806ZB UT WOS:000220470702555 ER PT J AU Clyde, PW Harari, AE Shakir, KMM AF Clyde, PW Harari, AE Shakir, KMM TI Synthetic thyroxine vs dessicated thyroid - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Clyde, PW (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM pwclyde@mar.med.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 24 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 12 BP 1445 EP 1445 DI 10.1001/jama.291.12.1445-b PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 805UI UT WOS:000220390800022 ER PT J AU Keller, TM Qadri, SB AF Keller, TM Qadri, SB TI Ferrocenylethynylbenzenes as precursors to in situ synthesis of carbon nanotube and Fe nanoparticle compositions SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CATALYTIC GROWTH; METAL PARTICLES; CERAMICS; RAMAN; POLYMERS; NANOCAPSULES; PYROLYSIS; DIAMETER; STRENGTH AB Several ferrocenyl-aryl-acetylenic compounds were synthesized and thermally converted in situ to carbon nanotube-Fe nanoparticle compositions. Upon melting, the ferrocenyl compounds are cured to a shaped configuration through the acetylenic units. Further heating of the polymeric composition results in the decomposition of the ferrocene and the ultimate formation of Fe nanoparticles. During the carbonization process above 500 degreesC in an inert atmosphere, the Fe nanoparticles react with the developing carbon nanoparticles resulting in the formation of carbon nanotubes in high yield within the carbonaceous media. Various shaped carbonaceous forms (solid, fiber, and film) containing large amounts of carbon nanotubes can be readily formulated from the precursor ferrocenyl compounds. The polymeric and carbonaceous compositions were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), X-ray diffraction, Raman, and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) studies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Chem Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keller, TM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Chem Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keller1@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 44 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 23 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1091 EP 1097 DI 10.1021/cm030624e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 804MZ UT WOS:000220304100020 ER PT J AU Han, DM Forsterling, FH Li, XY Deschamps, JR Cao, H Cook, JM AF Han, DM Forsterling, FH Li, XY Deschamps, JR Cao, H Cook, JM TI Determination of the stable conformation of GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor bivalent ligands by low temperature NMR and X-ray analysis SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPIOID RECEPTORS; SUBTYPES; PHARMACOLOGY; ANTAGONIST; IMIDAZOBENZODIAZEPINES; SELECTIVITY; AFFINITY; ALPHA(1); SUBUNITS; AGONIST AB The stable conformations of GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor bivalent ligands 2 and 3 were determined by low temperature NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis. The linear conformation was important for these dimers to access the binding site and exhibit potent in vitro affinity as illustrated for alpha5 subtype selective ligand 2 (15 nM). Bivalent ligand 3 with the 5 atom linker folded back upon itself both in solution and in the solid state, moreover, it did not bind to Bz receptors. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cook, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM capncook@uwm.edu OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH-46851] NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD MAR 22 PY 2004 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1465 EP 1469 DI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.01.018 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 804YM UT WOS:000220334000020 PM 15006383 ER PT J AU Oishi, S Kang, SU Liu, HP Zhang, MC Yang, DJ Deschamps, JR Burke, TR AF Oishi, S Kang, SU Liu, HP Zhang, MC Yang, DJ Deschamps, JR Burke, TR TI Synthesis of alpha,alpha-disubstituted 4-phosphonophenylalanine analogues as conformationally-constrained phosphotyrosyl mimetics SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE enantioselective; phosphotyrosyl mimetic; conformational constraint ID SH2 DOMAIN BINDING; PHOSPHATE-CONTAINING LIGANDS; ALPHA-AMINO-ACIDS; O-PHOSPHOTYROSINE; PEPTIDE-SYNTHESIS; DESIGN; INHIBITORS; PEPTIDOMIMETICS; KINASES AB Syntheses of N-Boc (S)-4-(diethylphosphono)-(alpha-methyl)phenylalanine [Boc-(alpha-Me)Phe(4-PO3Et2)-OH] (9) and N-Boc (S)-2amino-6-(diethylphosphono)tetralin-2-carboxylic acid [Boc-Atc(6-PO3Et2)-OH] (18) are reported as conformationally-constrained phosphotyrosyl mimetics suitably protected for peptide synthesis. Both syntheses proceeded through chiral arylhalides that are converted to arylphosphonates by palladium-catalyzed cross coupling with diethylphosphite. These amino acid analogues may be useful in the study of cellular signal transduction processes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NCI, Med Chem Lab, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Hematol Oncol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Burke, TR (reprint author), NCI, Med Chem Lab, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, POB B,Bldg 376 Boyles St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM tburke@helix.nih.gov RI Burke, Terrence/N-2601-2014; Oishi, Shinya/C-1350-2011; OI Oishi, Shinya/0000-0002-2833-2539; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD MAR 22 PY 2004 VL 60 IS 13 BP 2971 EP 2977 DI 10.1016/j.tet.2004.02.005 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 805UF UT WOS:000220390500007 ER PT J AU Windt, DL Donguy, S Seely, J Kjornrattanawanich, B AF Windt, DL Donguy, S Seely, J Kjornrattanawanich, B TI Experimental comparison of extreme-ultraviolet multilayers for solar physics SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FILMS; REGION; SCATTERING; SPECTRUM; MIRRORS; STRESS; GROWTH; SI AB We compare the reflectance and stability of multilayers comprising either Si/Mo, Si/Mo2C, Si/B4C, Si/C, or Si/SiC bilayers, designed for use as extreme-ultraviolet (ELTV) reflective coatings. The films were deposited by using magnetron sputtering and characterized by both x-ray and ELTV reflectometry. We find that the new Si/SiC multilayer offers the greatest spectral selectivity at the longer wavelengths, as well as the greatest thermal stability. We also describe the optimization of multilayers designed for the Solar-B EIS instrument. Finally, we compare experimental reflectance data with calculations and conclude that currently available optical constants cannot be used to adequately model the performance of many of these multilayers. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Windt, DL (reprint author), Columbia Astrophys Lab, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM windt@astro.columbia.edu NR 23 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 20 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1835 EP 1848 DI 10.1364/AO.43.001835 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 805JK UT WOS:000220362400010 PM 15065713 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, S Cordes, JM Vlemmings, WHT Arzoumanian, Z Goss, WM Lazio, TJW AF Chatterjee, S Cordes, JM Vlemmings, WHT Arzoumanian, Z Goss, WM Lazio, TJW TI Pulsar parallaxes at 5 GHz with the very long baseline array SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; pulsars : individual (PSR B0355+54; PSR B1929+10); stars : kinematics; stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID X-RAY-EMISSION; RX J185635-3754; PROPER MOTIONS; STARS; VLBA; ASTROMETRY; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN AB We present the first pulsar parallaxes measured with phase-referenced pulsar VLBI observations at 5 GHz. Because of the steep spectra of pulsars, previous astrometric measurements have been at lower frequencies. However, the strongest pulsars can be observed at 5 GHz, offering the benefit of lower combined ionospheric and tropospheric phase errors, which usually limit VLBI astrometric accuracy. The pulsars B0329+54, B0355+54, and B1929+10 were observed for seven epochs spread evenly over 2 years. For B0329+54, large systematic errors led to only an upper limit on the parallax (pi< 1.5 mas). A new proper motion and parallax were measured for B0355+54 (π = 0.91 +/- 0.16 mas), implying a distance of 1.04(-0.16)(+0.21) kpc and a transverse velocity of 61(-9)(+12) km s(-1). The parallax and proper motion for B1929+ 10 were significantly improved (pi = 2.77 +/- 0.07 mas), yielding a distance of 361(-8)(+10) pc and a transverse velocity of 177(-5)(+4) km s(-1). We demonstrate that the astrometric errors are correlated with the angular separation between the phase-reference calibrator and the target source, with significantly lower errors at 5 GHz as compared to 1.6 GHz. Finally, based on our new distance determinations for B1929+ 10 and B0355+54, we derive or constrain the luminosities of each pulsar at high energies. We show that, for thermal emission models, the emitting area for X-rays from PSR B1929+ 10 is roughly consistent with the canonical size for a heated polar cap and that the conversion of spin-down power to gamma-ray luminosity in B0355+54 must be low. The new proper motion for B1929+ 10 also implies that its progenitor is unlikely to have been the binary companion of the runaway O star zeta Ophiuchi. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USRA, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chatterjee, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM shami@astro.cornell.edu OI /0000-0002-2700-9916 NR 35 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2004 VL 604 IS 1 BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.1086/381748 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 804LU UT WOS:000220301000029 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Dere, KP Howard, RA Vourlidas, A AF Zhang, J Dere, KP Howard, RA Vourlidas, A TI A study of the kinematic evolution of coronal mass ejections SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID SOFT-X-RAY; SOLAR-FLARES; TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP; ERUPTIVE PROMINENCE; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; FLUX-ROPE; ACCELERATION; SOHO; MODEL; WIND AB We report the kinematic properties of a set of three coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed with the LASCO ( Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft, which showed characteristics of impulsive, intermediate, and gradual acceleration, respectively. The first CME had a 30 minute long fast acceleration phase during which the average acceleration was about 308 m s(-2); this acceleration took place over a distance of about 3.3 R-. (from 1.3 to 4.6 R-., height measured from disk center). The CME characterized by intermediate acceleration had a long acceleration phase of about 160 minutes during which the average acceleration was about 131 m s(-2); the CME traveled a distance of at least 4.3 R-., reaching a height of 7.0 R-. at the end of the acceleration phase. The CME characterized by gradual acceleration had no fast acceleration phase. Instead, it displayed a persistent weak acceleration lasting more than 24 hr with an average acceleration of only 4.0 m s(-2) throughout the LASCO field of view (from 1.1 to 30 R-.). This study demonstrates that the final velocity of a CME is determined by a combination of acceleration magnitude and acceleration duration, both of which can vary significantly from event to event. The first two CME events were associated with soft X-ray flares. We found that in the acceleration phase there was close temporal correlation both between the CME velocity and the soft X-ray flux of the flare and between the CME acceleration and derivative of the X-ray flux. These correlations indicate that the CME large-scale acceleration and the flare particle acceleration are strongly coupled physical phenomena occurring in the corona. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 41 TC 141 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2004 VL 604 IS 1 BP 420 EP 432 DI 10.1086/381725 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 804LU UT WOS:000220301000037 ER PT J AU Johnston, KJ Fey, AL Gaume, RA Hummel, CA Garrington, S Muxlow, T Thomasson, P AF Johnston, KJ Fey, AL Gaume, RA Hummel, CA Garrington, S Muxlow, T Thomasson, P TI The enigmatic radio source T Tauri S SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; radio continuum : stars; stars : pre-main-sequence ID SYSTEM; STAR AB We have observed the T Tau multiple star system using the Multielement Radio-linked Interferometer Network at a frequency of 5 GHz. The compact centimeter wavelength radio emission from T Tau S has been found to consist of at least two components separated by approximately 70 mas in right ascension at Julian epoch 2001.89. Using this data and that previously published, we show that the most intense, compact radio emission may not all be coincident in position but associated with the M-type star in the binary system T Tau S. This emission may be due to magnetic reconnection processes in the YSO system. The estimated masses of the stars using the Hipparcos parallax are 4.0 for Sa and 1.0 M-. for Sb. However, using the currently accepted parallax the Taurus-Auriga complex of 140 pc, the value of these masses is reduced by a factor of 2. This is consistent with T Tau Sa being a pre-main-sequence star. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Manchester, MERLIN VLBI Natl Facil, Jodrell Bank, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. RP Johnston, KJ (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. OI Muxlow, Thomas/0000-0001-5797-8796 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2004 VL 604 IS 1 BP L65 EP L68 DI 10.1086/383412 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 804LW UT WOS:000220301200017 ER PT J AU Hegg, DA Durkee, PA Jonsson, HH Nielsen, K Covert, DS AF Hegg, DA Durkee, PA Jonsson, HH Nielsen, K Covert, DS TI Effects of aerosol and SST gradients on marine stratocumulus albedo SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; CUMULUS TRANSITION; CLOUDS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SIMULATION AB [1] Airborne data are reported on the effect of sea surface temperature and aerosol gradients on the albedo of marine stratocumulus clouds off the coast of central California. Both types of gradients, at the magnitudes and spatial scales observed, produce significant and comparable trends in the cloud albedo (similar to15% changes over 40 km). C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Dept Meteorol, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Hegg, DA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM deanhegg@atmos.washington.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 6 AR L06113 DI 10.1029/2003GL018909 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 806MG UT WOS:000220437400005 ER PT J AU Maslowski, W Marble, D Walczowski, W Schauer, U Clement, JL Semtner, AJ AF Maslowski, W Marble, D Walczowski, W Schauer, U Clement, JL Semtner, AJ TI On climatological mass, heat, and salt transports through the Barents Sea and Fram Strait from a pan-Arctic coupled ice-ocean model simulation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Arctic oceanography; sea ice-ocean modeling; Atlantic Water; mass and property fluxes ID LARGE-SCALE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; ATLANTIC WATER; NORDIC SEAS; KARA SEA; VARIABILITY; HYDROGRAPHY; BUDGETS; CLIMATE; REGIMES AB [1] The northward flow of Atlantic Water via the Barents Sea and Fram Strait is modeled, and climatological volume, heat, and salt fluxes into the Arctic Ocean are investigated. We argue that understanding of climate change in the region requires the knowledge of the mean circulation before its variability can be determined. Since estimates of long-term mean fluxes in the region are not available from observations, we present a modeling approach to quantify the climatological circulation and northward transports from the Norwegian Sea into the Arctic Ocean. A coupled ice-ocean model of the pan-Arctic region is configured at a 1/12degrees and 45-level grid and is integrated for 7 decades using a combination of daily-averaged 1979-2001 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts data. Simulated water mass characteristics are compared with climatological atlas and selected observational data. The separation of the Norwegian Atlantic Current into Barents Sea and Fram Strait branches and their relative contributions to the total mass and property input into the Arctic Ocean are quantified. We emphasize the Barents Sea because fewer direct measurements of transports exist there and because water masses are significantly altered along this path by the seasonal ice melt/formation and the freshwater inputs. Under the given atmospheric forcing the Barents Sea outflow is shown to significantly contribute to the boundary flow continuing along the slopes of the Arctic Ocean. On the basis of model results, we argue that the contribution of the Barents Sea branch of Atlantic Water into the Arctic Ocean is equally, if not more, important than the Fram Strait branch. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Fleet Numer Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, PL-81712 Sopot, Poland. Alfred Wegener Inst Fdn Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. RP Maslowski, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM maslowski@nps.navy.mil; douglas.marble@fnmoc.navy.mil; walczows@iopan.gda.pl; uschauer@awi-bremerhaven.de; jlclemen@nps.navy.mil; sbert@ucar.edu NR 59 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 20 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C3 AR C03032 DI 10.1029/2001JC001039 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 806MT UT WOS:000220438700001 ER PT J AU Prasad, TG AF Prasad, TG TI A comparison of mixed-layer dynamics between the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal: One-dimensional model results SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE mixed-layer depth; wind stress; buoyancy flux; heat and salt flux; winter cooling ID TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; HIGH-SALINITY WATER; NORTHEAST MONSOON; SUMMER MONSOON; CLOSURE-MODEL; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; MASS AB [1] Using a one-dimensional turbulent closure model, we investigate the physical mechanisms governing the seasonal evolution of mixed-layer depth (MLD) and sea surface temperature (SST) along two meridional sections; 64.5degreesE and 88.5degreesE, which are representative of the open-ocean conditions of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Several perturbation experiments have been performed to isolate and judge exactly the relative importance of wind stress and buoyancy forcing to the evolution of MLD and SST. The wind stress forcing is found to be significant during the summer monsoon, while buoyancy flux plays a significant role during the winter monsoon. During the summer monsoon (June-September), the MLD in the Arabian Sea deepens to 80 m owing to strong wind-driven vertical mixing, but the weaker winds over the Bay of Bengal restrict the turbulent mixing to a shallow depth of similar to30 m. As a result, SST in the Arabian Sea (Bay of Bengal) decreases to similar to27degreesC (remains high similar to29degreesC). It is thus the asymmetry in the wind field that is responsible for the difference in MLD and SST between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. During the winter monsoon (November-February), the MLD in the Arabian Sea penetrates to deeper than 80 m by convective vertical mixing because of strong negative buoyancy flux (net heat loss), but it is restricted to 40-50 m in the Bay of Bengal owing to reduced net heat loss from the ocean. It is the asymmetry in the buoyancy forcing caused by the difference in latent heat flux that is responsible for the difference in MLD and SST between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The atmospheric parameter that controls this buoyancy difference is the difference in humidity between the two basins. Thus it is the differences in surface forcing, rather than differences in the vertical salinity stratification, that are key in explaining the observed and modeled differences between the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Prasad, TG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OC-TI,833 Dyer Rd,Univ Circle 1, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM prasad@nps.navy.mil NR 29 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 20 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C3 AR C03035 DI 10.1029/2003JC002000 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 806MT UT WOS:000220438700004 ER PT J AU Orlandi, A Ortolani, A Meneguzzo, F Levizzani, V Torricella, F Turk, FJ AF Orlandi, A Ortolani, A Meneguzzo, F Levizzani, V Torricella, F Turk, FJ TI Rainfall assimilation in RAMS by means of the Kuo parameterisation inversion: method and preliminary results SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting (QPF) CY SEP 02-06, 2002 CL Univ Reading, Reading, ENGLAND HO Univ Reading DE rain-fall; geostationary satellite; precipitation assimilation ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; 4-DIMENSIONAL VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION; CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; PHYSICAL INITIALIZATION; DIABATIC INITIALIZATION; SPECTRAL MODEL; SATELLITE DATA; PRECIPITATION; IMPACT AB In order to improve high-resolution forecasts, a specific method for assimilating rainfall rates into the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System model has been developed. It is based on the inversion of the Kuo convective parameterisation scheme. A nudging technique is applied to 'gently' increase with time the weight of the estimated precipitation in the assimilation process. A rough but manageable technique is explained to estimate the partition of convective precipitation from stratiform one, without requiring any ancillary measurement. The method is general purpose, but it is tuned for geostationary satellite rainfall estimation assimilation. Preliminary results are presented and discussed, both through totally simulated experiments and through experiments assimilating real satellite-based precipitation observations. For every case study, Rainfall data are computed with a rapid update satellite precipitation estimation algorithm based on IR and MW satellite observations. This research was carried out in the framework of the EURAINSAT project (an EC research project co-funded by the Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development Programme within the topic 'Development of generic Earth observation technologies', Contract number EVGI-2000-00030). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 LaMMA, I-50013 Campi Bisenzio, FI, Italy. CNR, IbiMet, I-50144 Florence, Italy. CNR, ISAC, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. NRL, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP LaMMA, Via A Einstein 35, I-50013 Campi Bisenzio, FI, Italy. RI Levizzani, Vincenzo/A-9070-2013; OI Levizzani, Vincenzo/0000-0002-7620-5235; MENEGUZZO, FRANCESCO/0000-0002-5952-9166 NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 20 PY 2004 VL 288 IS 1-2 BP 20 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.11.039 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 804UQ UT WOS:000220324000004 ER PT J AU Moriarty, RM Rani, N Enache, LA Rao, MS Batra, H Guo, L Penmasta, RA Staszewski, JP Tuladhar, SM Prakash, O Crich, D Hirtopeanu, A Gilardi, R AF Moriarty, RM Rani, N Enache, LA Rao, MS Batra, H Guo, L Penmasta, RA Staszewski, JP Tuladhar, SM Prakash, O Crich, D Hirtopeanu, A Gilardi, R TI The intramolecular asymmetric Pauson-Khand cyclization as a novel and general stereoselective route to benzindene prostacyclins: Synthesis of UT-15 (treprostinil) SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID METAL-PROMOTED CYCLIZATION; TITANOCENE-CATALYZED CYCLOCARBONYLATION; INHIBITS PLATELET-AGGREGATION; ALKENE ALKYNE CYCLIZATIONS; FULMINANT HEPATIC-FAILURE; CONGESTIVE-HEART-FAILURE; BICYCLIC CYCLOPENTENONES; CYCLO-ADDITION; PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES; EPOPROSTENOL PROSTACYCLIN AB A general and novel solution to the synthesis of biologically important stable analogues of prostacyclin PGI(2), namely benzindene prostacyclins, has been achieved via the stereoselective intramolecular Pauson-Khand cyclization (PKC). This work illustrates for the first time the synthetic utility and reliability of the asymmetric PKC route for synthesis and subsequent manufacture of a complex drug substance on a multikilogram scale. The synthetic route surmounts issues of individual step stereoselectivity and scalability. The key step in the synthesis involves efficient stereoselection effected in the PKC of a benzoenyne under the agency of the benzylic OTBDMS group, which serves as a temporary stereodirecting group that is conveniently removed via benzylic hydrogenolysis concomitantly with the catalytic hydrogenation of the enone PKC product. Thus the benzylic chiral center dictates the subsequent stereochemistry of the stereogenic centers at three carbon atoms (C-3a, C-9a, and C-1). C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. United Therapeut, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. deCODE Genet Inc, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. CD Nenitescu, Inst Organ Chem, Bucharest, Romania. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moriarty, RM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, M-C 111, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 200 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD MAR 19 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1890 EP 1902 DI 10.1021/jo0347720 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 804HX UT WOS:000220290900019 PM 15058934 ER PT J AU Reid, JS Prins, EM Westphal, DL Schmidt, CC Richardson, KA Christopher, SA Eck, TF Reid, EA Curtis, CA Hoffman, JP AF Reid, JS Prins, EM Westphal, DL Schmidt, CC Richardson, KA Christopher, SA Eck, TF Reid, EA Curtis, CA Hoffman, JP TI Real-time monitoring of South American smoke particle emissions and transport using a coupled remote sensing/box-model approach SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCAR-B; BRAZIL; BIOMASS; SENSITIVITY; FIRE AB [1] Since August 2000, the Wild fire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm (WF_ABBA) has been generating half-hourly fire hot spot analyses for the Western Hemisphere using GOES satellites to provide the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) with near-real-time fire products. These are used to generate smoke particle fluxes for aerosol transport forecasting to benefit the scientific, weather, and regulatory communities. In South America, fire hot-spot analysis is shown to be adequate for generating real-time smoke source functions for aerosol forecast models. We present smoke coverage and flux estimates based on the WF_ABBA and NAAPS products. Modeled fluxes of emissions for 2001-2002 are similar to25 + 10 Tg yr(-1), similar to previous estimates. Correlations of optical depth with MODIS and AERONET show good agreement with observations. Comparisons of NAAPS aerosol fields with MODIS also show potential clear sky and other biases as smoke is transported into the Atlantic Ocean and the ITCZ. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Dept Meteorol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Reid, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper St,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM reidj@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Christopher, Sundar/E-6781-2011; ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; HOFFMAN, JAY/0000-0002-1127-6294 NR 18 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 18 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 6 AR L06107 DI 10.1029/2003GL018845 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 806LY UT WOS:000220436600003 ER PT J AU Nayak, KR Daly, RG AF Nayak, KR Daly, RG TI Images in clinical medicine - Eruptive xanthomas associated with hypertriglyceridemia and new-onset diabetes mellitus SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Nayak, KR (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 18 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 12 BP 1235 EP 1235 DI 10.1056/NEJMicm030676 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 803PG UT WOS:000220242400010 PM 15028827 ER PT J AU Gao, ZQ Chae, N Kim, J Hong, JY Choi, T Lee, H AF Gao, ZQ Chae, N Kim, J Hong, JY Choi, T Lee, H TI Modeling of surface energy partitioning, surface temperature, and soil wetness in the Tibetan prairie using the Simple Biosphere Model 2 (SiB2) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE land surface processes; SiB2; Tibetan Plateau ID PARAMETERIZATION SIB2; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC GCMS; PLATEAU; CLIMATE; WATER; CO2; HEAT AB [1] This paper examines the performance of a stand-alone version of the Simple Biosphere Model 2 (SiB2) to investigate the accuracy of the modeled surface energy components, surface effective radiative temperature, and soil wetness in a Tibetan short grass prairie from 15 July to 14 September 1998. During this monsoon period the mean canopy height and the leaf area index were 0.05 m and 0.5, respectively. The study site represented the prevailing conditions of the high Tibetan plateau with an average elevation of 4500 m. The model was initialized using in situ measurements and was driven by half-hourly atmospheric observations. The modeled values for the two months period were compared with micrometeorological field measurements made through the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Asian Monsoon Experiment (GAME)-Tibet project. Results show that (1) when underestimating net radiation by 11%, the model overestimated sensible, latent, and soil heat fluxes by 8, 3, and 13% respectively; (2) the model generated warmer (colder) ground surface in daytime (nighttime); and (3) soil wetness was estimated reasonably. C1 Yonsei Univ, Global Environm Lab, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. Yonsei Univ, Natl Lab Atmospher Modeling Res, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Gao, ZQ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 58439 Dyer,Room 263,306 Park Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM zgao@nps.navy.mil RI Hong, Jinkyu/C-5081-2009 OI Hong, Jinkyu/0000-0003-0139-602X NR 31 TC 46 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 17 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D6 AR D06102 DI 10.1029/2003JD004089 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806ML UT WOS:000220437900004 ER PT J AU Skog, JH Morreale, AP Plowman, BK Rapier, R Dole, S AF Skog, JH Morreale, AP Plowman, BK Rapier, R Dole, S TI Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori testing and treatment in patients receiving long-term ulcer prophylaxis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Article ID NONULCER DYSPEPSIA; DUODENAL-ULCER; TRIPLE THERAPY; PEPTIC-ULCER; INFECTION; ERADICATION; MANAGEMENT; ADENOCARCINOMA; CLARITHROMYCIN; AMOXICILLIN AB The Notes section welcomes the following types of contributions: (1) practical innovations or solutions to everyday practice problems, (2) substantial updates or elaborations on work previously published by the same authors, (3) important confirmations of research findings previously published by others, and (4) short research reports, including practice surveys, of modest scope or interest. Notes should be submitted with AJHPs manuscript checklist. The text should be concise, and the number of references, tables, and figures should be limited. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Serv Pharm, San Diego, CA USA. VASDHCS, Serv Pharm, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Legacy Good Samaritan Hosp, Dept Pharm, Salem, OR USA. RP Skog, JH (reprint author), 2573 Oak Springs Dr, Chula Vista, CA 91915 USA. EM jilians@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD MAR 15 PY 2004 VL 61 IS 6 BP 608 EP 612 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 806BN UT WOS:000220409500014 PM 15061433 ER PT J AU Batteh, ET Cheng, J Chen, G Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS Park, D AF Batteh, ET Cheng, J Chen, G Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS Park, D TI Coherent nonlinear optical spectroscopy of single quantum dot excited states SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB We report a coherent nonlinear optical signature of the excited states of two quantum dots. By comparing the nonlinear spectra with the linear photoluminescence excitation spectrum, a clear identification of excited states is possible. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Batteh, ET (reprint author), Gen Dynam Corp, 3300 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM elizabeth.batteh@gd-ais.com; dst@eecs.umich.edu RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1928 EP 1930 DI 10.1063/1.1667280 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 802SG UT WOS:000220182600038 ER PT J AU Small, EJ Halabi, S Dawson, NA Stadler, WM Rini, BI Picus, J Gable, P Torti, FM Kaplan, E Vogelzang, NJ AF Small, EJ Halabi, S Dawson, NA Stadler, WM Rini, BI Picus, J Gable, P Torti, FM Kaplan, E Vogelzang, NJ TI Antiandrogen withdrawal alone or in combination with ketoconazole in androgen-independent prostate cancer patients: A phase III trial (CALGB 9583) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY MAY 12-15, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol ID LEUKEMIA GROUP-B; CLINICAL-TRIALS; FLUTAMIDE WITHDRAWAL; ANTIGEN DECLINE; THERAPY; SURVIVAL; HYDROCORTISONE; MEN; PROGRESSION; CARCINOMA AB Purpose Antiandrogen withdrawal (AAWD) results in a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response (decline in PSA level of greater than or equal to 50%) in 15% to 30% of androgen-independent prostate cancer (AiPCa) patients. Thereafter, adrenal androgen ablation with agents such as ketoconazole K is commonly utilized. The therapeutic effect of AAWD alone was compared with simultaneous AAWD and K therapy. Patients and Methods AiPCa patients were randomized to undergo AAWD alone (n = 132), or together with K (400 mg orally [po] tid) and hydrocortisone (30 mg po each morning, 10 mg po each evening; n = 128). Patients who developed progressive disease after AAWD alone were eligible for deferred treatment with K. Results Eleven percent of patients undergoing AAWD alone had a PSA response, compared to 27% of patients who underwent AAWD and simultaneous K (P = .0002). Objective responses were observed in 2% of patients treated with AAWD alone compared to 20% in patients treated with AAWD/K (P = .02). There was no difference! in survival. PSA and objective responses were observed in 32% and 7%, respectively, of patients receiving deferred K, and were more common in patients with prior AAWD response. Treatment with K was well tolerated, and resulted in a decline in adrenal androgen levels, which rose at the time of disease progression. Conclusion K has modest activity in AiPCa patients, while AAWD alone has minimal activity. Adrenal androgen levels fall with treatment with K and then climb at the time of progression, suggesting that progressive disease while on K may be due to tachyphylaxis to the adrenolytic properties of K. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Canc & Leukemia Grp B Stat Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Wake Forest Comprehens Canc Ctr, Winston Salem, NC USA. Univ Maryland, Greenebaum Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Washington Univ, Barnard Canc Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. RP Small, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, 1600 Divisadero St,Room A-718, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. EM smalle@medicine.ucsf.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA47577, CA11789, CA31983, CA03927, CA77440, CA41287, CA60138, CA31946] NR 32 TC 341 Z9 347 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD MAR 15 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1025 EP 1033 DI 10.1200/JCO.2004.06.037 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 804GT UT WOS:000220287900010 PM 15020604 ER PT J AU Qian, XB Xu, YP Karunasiri, G AF Qian, XB Xu, YP Karunasiri, G TI Self-heating cancellation circuits for microbolometer SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE self-heating; bias-heating; microbolometer; readout circuit; infrared detector ID SENSOR AB A new self-heating cancellation technique for microbolometer is proposed. The cancellation of the self-heating effect is achieved by using its replica generated based on the equivalence between electrical and thermal systems. The self-heating cancellation circuits are realized in both voltage- and current-mode and implemented on silicon using a 0.6 mum CMOS technology. The test results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the self-heating cancellation and the tunable feature in both circuits. Although the technique is aimed for the self-heating cancellation in the microbolometes, it may be used in other applications, such as the piezoresistive pressure sensors, where the self-heating exists in a similar way. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. USN, Postgrad Sch, Phys Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Xu, YP (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 4 Engn Dr 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore. EM elexuyp@nus.edu.sg NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2004 VL 111 IS 2-3 BP 196 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2003.10.035 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 779CC UT WOS:000189277200007 ER PT J AU Borboroglu, PG Foster, CE Philosophe, B Farney, AC Colonna, JO Schweitzer, EJ Bartlett, ST AF Borboroglu, PG Foster, CE Philosophe, B Farney, AC Colonna, JO Schweitzer, EJ Bartlett, ST TI Solitary renal allografts from pediatric cadaver donors less than 2 years of age transplanted into adult recipients SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM FUNCTION; EN-BLOC; KIDNEY-TRANSPLANTS; SINGLE AB Background. Transplantation of solitary pediatric renal allografts from donors 2 years of age or younger into adult recipients is controversial. Methods. Between 1998 and 2001, 15 solitary renal allografts from pediatric donors 2 years of age or younger were transplanted into adult recipients. Thirty-three en bloc renal allografts transplanted between 1994 and 2001 were used for comparison. En bloc kidneys were considered for separation if they measured greater than or equal to 6 cm in length. Renal function (creatinine clearance [CrCl]) was estimated using the Cockroft-Gault formula. Results. Two-year graft survival for the solitary and en bloc groups were 93% and 77%, respectively (P=0.405). Five grafts were lost because of arterial thrombosis (four en bloc and one solitary). Ureteral complications occurred in three grafts in the en bloc group. One-year postoperative CrCl of the surviving solitary (n=14) and en bloc (n=26) grafts were 51.4 +/- 26.2 mL/min and 55.1 +/- 27.5 mL/min (P > 0.05), respectively. Donor weight and kidney length were greater in the solitary group (14.3 +/- 3.5 kg and 6.3 +/- 0.4 cm, respectively) compared with the en bloc group (10.8 +/- 2.6 kg and 5.9 +/- 0.3 cm, respectively) (P=0.001 and P < 0.001). Conclusions. Separation of en bloc pairs into solitary allografts can be considered when the graft measures greater than or equal to 6 cm in length and donor weight is greater than or equal to 14 kg. The transplantation of solitary pediatric kidneys into adult recipients is successful, and the majority of pediatric en bloc allografts can be separated before transplantation. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Joseph & Corrine Schwartz Div Transplantat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Borboroglu, PG (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Urol, Dept Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM pgborboroglu@mar.med.navy.mil NR 15 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD MAR 15 PY 2004 VL 77 IS 5 BP 698 EP 702 DI 10.1097/01.TP.0000114462.10593.9F PG 5 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 804UN UT WOS:000220323700011 PM 15021832 ER PT J AU Madison, DH Dasgupta, A Bartschat, K Vaid, D AF Madison, DH Dasgupta, A Bartschat, K Vaid, D TI Integral cross section for electron-impact excitation of the 3p(5)3d states of argon SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METASTABLE LEVELS; SCATTERING; ATOMS AB Theoretical close-coupling R-matrix and two different first-order distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) calculations are presented for excitation of argon from its ground state to the twelve states in the (3p(5)3d) manifold. The results are found to be very sensitive to the choice of atomic wavefunctions. The low-energy R-matrix results in general and, in several cases, the unitarized DWBA as well as the high-energy DWBA results are in fair agreement with the experimental data of Chilton and Lin (1999 Phys. Rev. A 60 3712). C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Drake Univ, Dept Phys, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Madison, DH (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RI Bartschat, Klaus/I-2527-2012 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD MAR 14 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1073 EP 1082 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/37/5/010 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 809KQ UT WOS:000220636000013 ER PT J AU Clement, JL Cooper, LW Grebmeier, JM AF Clement, JL Cooper, LW Grebmeier, JM TI Late winter water column and sea ice conditions in the northern Bering Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; sea ice; polynya; sediment chlorophyll; oxygen isotopes; St. Lawrence Island ID LAWRENCE-ISLAND POLYNYA; CHUKCHI SEAS; ARCTIC-OCEAN; SHELF; PRODUCTIVITY; EXTENT; FLOW AB Seasonal sea ice concentration and thickness were evaluated on a weekly basis during two years with contrasting ice coverage, 1998-1999 and 2000-2001, using data provided by the U. S. National Ice Center. Ice in the Bering Sea during 1998-1999 was extensive and thick, but by contrast, in 2000-2001, winter sea ice formed late with thin ice, and ice melt proceeded earlier during spring. The presence and timing of a winter polynya (an area of relatively open water or thin ice surrounded by heavier ice) located south of St. Lawrence Island also varied between these two winters. Shipboard measurements south of St. Lawrence Island during two late winter/early spring cruises in 1999 and 2001 showed that some brine injected water was present, resulting in localized areas of bottom water with salinities approaching, or exceeding, 33 psu. The mean salinity of bottom water was significantly higher in 2001 (32.6 psu) than in 1999 (32.3 psu). These varying degrees of brine injection associated with large differences in ice conditions (heavy in 1998-1999, light in 2000-2001) influenced bottom water salinity and density, but there were indications that variation in water mass structure also can explain differences in salinity observed between the two winters. The mean delta(18)O(H2O) values of bottom seawater were significantly higher in 2001 (-0.78 +/- 0.16% SD) than in 1999 (-0.98 +/- 0.20% SD) consistent with a more saline, nutrient-rich water being present in 2001. Consistent with these indications, inorganic nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) in bottom water were significantly higher in 2001 than in 1999. Although it is seemingly paradoxical that salinities were higher in 2001 (light ice) than in 1999 (heavy ice) when brine injection might have been more prevalent, the sampling period was approximately 1 month earlier in 2001, when ice formation may have been more active. In addition, delta(18)O(H2O) values indicate a higher proportion of Anadyr Water, with higher salinity and nutrients in 2001. Despite these differences in both ice conditions and water mass nutrient chemistry, water column chlorophyll was uniformly low in both years. This indicates that changes in Bering Sea ice regimes during the late winter months, such as may occur under various climate change scenarios, will not necessarily lead to any higher productivity or an earlier onset of seasonal biological production. Despite relatively high inorganic nutrient concentrations in both years, a well-mixed water column was observed with low water column chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations. These observations suggest that there was little primary production during either cruise in spite of the relatively open water and high water column nutrient concentrations during 2001. Strong southerly winds during winter likely impeded ice formation, vertically mixed the water column, and prevented early spring open water primary production. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Clement, JL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jlclemen@nps.navy.mil RI Cooper, Lee/E-5251-2012; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/L-9805-2013 OI Cooper, Lee/0000-0001-7734-8388; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/0000-0001-7624-3568 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 13 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C3 AR C03022 DI 10.1029/2003JC002047 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 806KV UT WOS:000220433700002 ER PT J AU Chua, D Parks, G Brittnacher, M Germany, G Spann, J AF Chua, D Parks, G Brittnacher, M Germany, G Spann, J TI Auroral substorm timescales: IMF and seasonal variations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE substorms; timescales; conjugacy; season; aurora ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; PLASMA SHEET DYNAMICS; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; ELECTRON-PRECIPITATION; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; SOLAR-WIND; ONSET; PSEUDOBREAKUPS; IONOSPHERE; SIGNATURES AB [1] The timescales and phases of auroral substorm activity are quantified in this study using the hemispheric power computed from Polar Ultraviolet Imager (UVI) observations. With this approach we are able to determine substorm phase self consistently from the UVI optical measurements without needing any ancillary metrics for auroral activity. This technique also allows us to combine a quantitative measurement of substorm timescales with the qualitative description of auroral morphology during each event. We show how the characteristics of substorms vary with IMF B-Z orientation and season for several hundred substorm events. Substorm intensity, as measured by the rate of energy deposition by electron precipitation, exhibits greater variation with IMF B-Z orientation than with season. The timescale of substorm expansion shows comparable variation with both IMF B-Z orientation and season. On the other hand, substorm recovery times vary more strongly with season than with IMF B-Z direction. The recovery time for substorm activity is well ordered by whether or not the nightside auroral region is sunlit: substorms occurring in the winter and equinox periods have similar recovery timescales which are both roughly a factor of two longer than that for summer when the auroral oval is sunlit. However, IMF B-Z orientation is shown to have a strong modulating effect on both substorm expansion and recovery timescales during the summer. The winter-summer asymmetries in the aurora described by previous studies are more completely explained by the seasonal variations of substorm recovery timescales characterized in this work. Our results support the hypothesis that the ionosphere plays an active role in governing the dynamics of the aurora. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Chua, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7607, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dchua@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 13 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A3 AR A03207 DI 10.1029/2003JA009951 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 806LC UT WOS:000220434400001 ER PT J AU Zope, RR Dunlap, BI AF Zope, RR Dunlap, BI TI Are hemispherical caps of boron-nitride nanotubes possible? SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; BASIS-SETS; ROW ATOMS; X-ALPHA; CARBON; FULLERENES; CLUSTERS; OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEMS; C-60 AB We report all-electron, density-functional calculations with large Gaussian polarization basis set of the recently synthesized octahedral O B24N24 cage that is perfectly round by symmetry, and boron-nitride (BN) clusters that its existence might suggest. We consider whether it is energetically possible that the two halves of this round cage could cap the BN nanotubes, modeled by B28N28 and B32N32. The energetics show that BN nanotubes with such round caps are only slightly less favorable than the BN clusters containing six squares as the only defects in the otherwise perfect hexagonal lattice. A larger B96N96 O cage formed from B24N24 by adding sufficient hexagons to isolate all squares is not very favorable energetically. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189,Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rzope@alchemy.nrl.navy.mil; dunlap@nrl.navy.mil OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 33 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2004 VL 386 IS 4-6 BP 403 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.01.094 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 801VZ UT WOS:000220124700033 ER PT J AU Gulian, A Wood, K Van Vechten, D Fritz, G Wu, HD Bounnak, S Bussman, K Winzer, K Kunii, S Gurin, V Korsukova, M Mitterer, C Carlsson, M Golf, F Kuzanyan, A Badalyan, G Harutyunyan, S Petrosyan, S Vardanyan, V Paronyan, T Nikoghosyan, V AF Gulian, A Wood, K Van Vechten, D Fritz, G Wu, HD Bounnak, S Bussman, K Winzer, K Kunii, S Gurin, V Korsukova, M Mitterer, C Carlsson, M Golf, F Kuzanyan, A Badalyan, G Harutyunyan, S Petrosyan, S Vardanyan, V Paronyan, T Nikoghosyan, V TI Current developmental status of thermoelectric (QVD) detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL Genoa, ITALY DE detectors; single photon; sensors; microbolometers; lanthanum (cerium) hexaborides AB Practical implementation of thermoelectric (QVD) detectors requires cryogenic thermoelectric sensors with a high figure of merit. For this requirement there can be different solutions: thin films, bulk materials and whiskers. Initial prototype QVD devices used Au-Fe thin film sensors. Another class of materials, lanthanum (cerium) hexaborides La(Ce)B-6, has higher Seebeck coefficient at cryogenic temperatures, and therefore one can expect higher figures of merit for devices based on these materials. To utilize La(Ce)B6 crystals with different La-Ce content as sensor elements we investigated their kinetic properties. Then we explored prototype devices based on bulk single-crystalline sensors. Subsequently, we manufactured and successfully tested a candidate single-photon detector device with a sharp-end hexaboride sensor and small bismuth absorber. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, USRA, PAF,NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NRL, PRAXIS, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NRL, SFA, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 1, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Univ Min & Met Leoben, Dept Phys Met & Mat Testing, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. Univ Stockholm, Dept Inorgan Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Armenian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Res, Ashtarak 378410, Armenia. RP Gulian, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, USRA, PAF,NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM armen.gulian@nrl.navy.mil RI Mitterer, Christian/B-4491-2010; Gurin, Vladimir/E-4760-2014 OI Mitterer, Christian/0000-0002-7768-7926; NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2004 VL 520 IS 1-3 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.214 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 808ZL UT WOS:000220606900009 ER PT J AU Wood, K Van Vechten, D Fritz, G Wu, HD Bounnak, S Bussman, K Winzer, K Kunii, S Gurin, V Korsukova, M Mitterer, C Carlsson, M Golf, F Kuzanyan, A Badalyan, G Harutyunyan, S Petrosyan, S Vardanyan, V Paronyan, T Nikoghosyan, V Gulian, A AF Wood, K Van Vechten, D Fritz, G Wu, HD Bounnak, S Bussman, K Winzer, K Kunii, S Gurin, V Korsukova, M Mitterer, C Carlsson, M Golf, F Kuzanyan, A Badalyan, G Harutyunyan, S Petrosyan, S Vardanyan, V Paronyan, T Nikoghosyan, V Gulian, A TI Toward ultimate performance limits of thermoelectric (QVD) detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL Genoa, ITALY DE detectors; single photon; sensors; microbolometers; lanthanum (cerium) hexaborides ID WHISKERS AB 'QVD' detectors are based on thermoelectric heat-to-voltage (Q-->V) conversion and digital (V-->D) readout. In theory, they are competitive with superconducting tunnel junction detectors and transition edge sensor, devices. We analyze the performance of the QVD detectors with different design architectures. It is concluded that the detectors with lanthanum-cerium hexaboride sensors can be very fast: up to 100 MHz counting rates for UV photons. In addition to traditional astrophysical applications, these detectors can be applied to the tasks of quantum computing and communication. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NRL, PRAXIS, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NRL, SFA, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 1, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Univ Min & Met Leoben, Dept Phys Met & Mat Testing, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. Stockholm Univ, Dept Inorgan Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Armenian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Res, Ashtarak 378410, Armenia. RP Wood, K (reprint author), NRL, PRAXIS, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kent.wood@nrl.navy.mil RI Mitterer, Christian/B-4491-2010; Gurin, Vladimir/E-4760-2014 OI Mitterer, Christian/0000-0002-7768-7926; NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2004 VL 520 IS 1-3 BP 56 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.219 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 808ZL UT WOS:000220606900014 ER PT J AU Miller, SA Landry, RJ Byrnes, GA AF Miller, SA Landry, RJ Byrnes, GA TI Endoilluminators: evaluation of potential retinal hazards SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MACULAR HOLE SURGERY; PIGMENT EPITHELIOPATHY; VITRECTOMY; LIGHT; INJURY; DAMAGE; TRIAL AB The potential for retinal photic injury from exposure to endoilluminators was evaluated. The spectral irradiance for each endoilluminator configuration was weighted with the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) aphakic action spectrum. The result was compared with the threshold limit value (TLV) published by the ACGIH and a time to TLV (time(TLV)) was calculated for each configuration. The calculated time(TLV) ranged from 0.27 to 3.5 min, times that are significantly shorter than typical operating times. The effects of incorporating short-wavelength cutoff filters were evaluated and found to significantly increase the time(TLV). Exposure reduction techniques for use during surgery are discussed. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Dept Ophthalmol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Miller, SA (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, 9200 Corp Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM sym@cdrh.fda.gov; rjl@cdrh.fda.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 10 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1648 EP 1653 DI 10.1364/AO.43.001648 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 800YZ UT WOS:000220064900007 PM 15046167 ER PT J AU Justus, BL Falkenstein, P Huston, AL Plazas, MC Ning, H Miller, RW AF Justus, BL Falkenstein, P Huston, AL Plazas, MC Ning, H Miller, RW TI Gated fiber-optic-coupled detector for in vivo real-time radiation dosimetry SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC SCINTILLATION DETECTORS; ENERGY BEAM DOSIMETRY; THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS; PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS; INDUCED LIGHT; SYSTEM AB Gated detection of the output of a fiber-optic-coupled radiation dosimeter effectively eliminated the direct contribution of Cerenkov radiation to the signal. The radiation source was an external beam radiotherapy machine that provided pulses of 6-MeV x rays. Gated detection was used to discriminate the signal collected during the radiation pulses, including Cerenkov interference, from the signal collected between the radiation pulses due only to phosphorescence from the Cu1+-doped glass detector. Gated detection of the long-lived phosphorescence of the Cu1+-doped glass provided real-time dose measurements that were linear with the absorbed dose and that were accurate for all field sizes studied. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NCI, Radiat Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20784 USA. Univ Nacl Colombia, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis, Bogota, Colombia. RP Justus, BL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Code 5611,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justus@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 10 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1663 EP 1668 DI 10.1364/AO.43.001663 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 800YZ UT WOS:000220064900009 PM 15046169 ER PT J AU Hartman, JAR Kammier, AL Spracklin, RJ Pearson, WH Combariza, MY Vachet, RW AF Hartman, JAR Kammier, AL Spracklin, RJ Pearson, WH Combariza, MY Vachet, RW TI A comparison of the gas, solution, and solid state coordination environments for the Cu(II) complexes of a series of linear aminopyridine ligands with varying ratios of 5-and 6-membered chelate rings SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE electrochemistry; mass spectrometry; copper complexes ID ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; 5-COORDINATE COPPER(II) COMPLEXES; SIZE-BASED SELECTIVITY; TRANSITION-METAL IONS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DONOR GROUPS; X-RAY; COMPARATIVE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; PENTADENTATE LIGANDS AB The synthesis and characterization of the copper(II) complexes of a series of tetradentate, pentadentate and hexadentate aminopyridine ligands that contain ethylenediamine and/or propylenediamine groups are described. The ligands include: 1,12-bis (2-pyridyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraazadodecane, TRIEN-pyr; 1,13-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,5,9,12-tetraazatridecane, DIEN-PN-pyr; 1,14-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,6,9,13-tetraazatetradecane, DIPN-EN-pyr; 1,15-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,6,10,14-tetraazapentadecane, TRIPN-pyr; 1,9-bis(2-pyridyl)2,5,8-triazanonane, DIEN-pyr; 1,11-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,6,10-triazaundecanenane, DIPN-pyr; 1,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,5-diazahexane, EN-pyr; and 1,7-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,6-diazaheptane, PN-pyr. The following methods were used to determine the binding geometries of the copper(II) complexes in the solid, solution, and gas phases: magnetic susceptibility measurements, absorption spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. An X-ray structure was determined for the DIPN-pyr complex. The solid state structures were all found to be monomeric Cu(II) complexes with the coordination number set by the denticity of the ligand while the solution structures of all of the complexes except those with TRIPN-pyr and DIPN-pyr were found to be square pyramidal or elongated octahedral. The TRIPN-pyr and DIPN-pyr complexes showed considerable trigonal bipyramidal distortions. The gas phase data showed that the substitution of 6-membered for 5-membered chelate rings helped the ligand span more coordination sites. The TRIEN-pyr complex was 4- or 5-coordinate compared to the 5- or 6-coordination seen with the other three hexadentate ligands, and the DIPN-pyr complex was weakly 5-coordinate as compared to the 4-coordinate DIEN-pyr complex. The preferred structures of the ligands were consistent with their electrochemical behavior which showed the stability of the Cu(II) complex decreased in the order: DIPN-EN-pyr, TRIEN-pyr, DIEN-PN-pyr > DIEN-pyr > DIPN-pyr > TRIPN-pyr > PN-pyr > EN-pyr. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Hartman, JAR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM hartman@usna.edu NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD MAR 10 PY 2004 VL 357 IS 4 BP 1141 EP 1151 DI 10.1016/j.ica.2003.09.030 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 803OW UT WOS:000220241400026 ER PT J AU Ren, T Parrish, DA Deschamps, JR Eglin, JL Xu, GL Chen, WZ Moore, MH Schull, TL Pollack, SK Shashidhar, R Sattelberger, AP AF Ren, T Parrish, DA Deschamps, JR Eglin, JL Xu, GL Chen, WZ Moore, MH Schull, TL Pollack, SK Shashidhar, R Sattelberger, AP TI Synthesis and structural characterization of a novel diosmium(III) compound: Os-2(ap)(4)Cl-2 SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE diosmium(III); 2-anilinopyridinate; crystal structure ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; OS-OS; DIRUTHENIUM; COMPLEX; LIGANDS; CORE; CHLORO AB The reaction between Os-2(OAc)(4)Cl-2 and Hap (Hap is 2-anilinopyridine) under prolonged refluxing conditions resulted in a new Os-2(III) compound, Os-2(ap)(4)Cl-2 (1). The molecular structure of 1 was determined from a single crystal X-ray diffraction study, which revealed an Os-Os bond length of 2.396[1] Angstrom, and a cis-(2,2) arrangement of the ap ligands. Also reported are magnetic, electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of 1. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Parrish, DA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Chem, 1301 Memorial Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. EM tren@miami.edu; dparrish@ccs.nrl.navy.mil OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD MAR 10 PY 2004 VL 357 IS 4 BP 1313 EP 1316 DI 10.1016/j.ica.2003.09.021 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 803OW UT WOS:000220241400050 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Garrett, JT Casalini, R Roland, DF Santangelo, PG Qadri, SB AF Roland, CM Garrett, JT Casalini, R Roland, DF Santangelo, PG Qadri, SB TI Mechanical and electromechanical properties of vinylidene fluoride terpolymers SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE-TRIFLUOROETHYLENE) NETWORKS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; HIGH-PRESSURE; FERROELECTRIC BEHAVIOR; FILMS; CRYSTALLIZATION; COPOLYMER; PHASE AB Electromechanical, mechanical, and volumetric measurements on vinylidene fluoride terpolymers with trifluoroethylene and trichlorofluoroethylene are reported. One purpose of the investigation was to assess the contribution of an electric field-induced crystal phase transformation to the large electrostrictive coefficient (43 nm(2) V-2 at 1 Hz, parallel to the field). Such a crystal transformation is evidenced by the change in the Curie transition enthalpy after application of an electric field. Using the volume change at the Curie transition, along with X-ray diffraction data, we quantify the amount of the ferroelectric and paraelectric crystalline forms. From this, we conclude that, for electric fields up to 10 MV/m, the strain resulting from the field-induced crystal phase change is too small to account for the large electrostriction observed in the terpolymer. The transition from the a to the beta-crystalline form is also induced by hydrostatic pressure, with the beta-crystals formed at elevated pressures stable at ambient pressure. The Curie transition in the terpolymer, similar to the behavior of the copolymer, is accompanied by changes in both the shear and bulk moduli. The Curie transition exhibits significant hysteresis during thermal cycling, implying that both the electrostriction and the mechanical properties will be sensitive to processing. C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 9 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 5 BP 857 EP 861 DI 10.1021/cm034822h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 801IG UT WOS:000220089000016 ER PT J AU Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT Li, CH Erwin, SC Goswami, R Jonker, BT AF Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT Li, CH Erwin, SC Goswami, R Jonker, BT TI Epitaxial growth of the diluted magnetic semiconductors CryGe1-y and CryMnxGe1-x-y SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; FERROMAGNETISM; ENERGY; GE AB We report the epitaxial growth of CryGe1-y and CryMnxGe1-x-y(001) thin films on GaAs(001), describe the structural and transport properties, and compare the measured magnetic properties with those predicted by theory. The samples are strongly p type, and hole densities increase with Cr concentration. The CryGe1-y system remains paramagnetic for the growth conditions and low Cr concentrations employed (yless than or equal to0.04), consistent with density functional theory predictions. Addition of Cr into the ferromagnetic semiconductor MnxGe1-x host systematically reduces the Curie temperature and total magnetization. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kioseoglou, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gnk@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; jonker@nrl.navy.mil RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 8 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1725 EP 1727 DI 10.1063/1.1668322 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 780ML UT WOS:000189384900035 ER PT J AU Prevosto, D Capaccioli, S Lucchesi, M Rolla, PA Ngai, KL AF Prevosto, D Capaccioli, S Lucchesi, M Rolla, PA Ngai, KL TI Dynamics of supercooled and glassy dipropyleneglycol dibenzoate as functions of temperature and aging: Interpretation within the coupling model framework SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; FORMING MATERIALS; BETA-RELAXATION; FORMERS; LIQUIDS; TRANSITION; EVOLUTION; STATE AB Dielectric relaxation measurements of a typical small molecular glassformer, dipropyleneglycol dibenzoate show the presence of two secondary relaxations. Their dynamic properties differ in the equilibrium liquid and glassy states, as well as the changes during structural recovery after rapid quenching the liquid to form a glass. These differences enable us to identify the slower secondary relaxation as the genuine Johari-Goldstein (JG) beta-relaxation [G. P. Johari and M. Goldstein, J. Chem. Phys. 53, 2372 (1970)], acting as the precursor of the primary alpha-relaxation. Agreement between the JG beta-relaxation time and the independent relaxation time of the coupling model leads to predicted quantitative relations between the JG beta-relaxation and the alpha-relaxation that are supported by the experimental data. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, INFM, UdR Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Via Buonarroti 2, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RI Prevosto, Daniele/N-7245-2013; Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Prevosto, Daniele/0000-0003-1029-0972; Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 29 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 8 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 10 BP 4808 EP 4815 DI 10.1063/1.1646375 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 780DF UT WOS:000189355800029 PM 15267341 ER PT J AU Avino, S Calloni, E Barone, F DeRosa, R DiFiore, L Milano, L Restaino, SR AF Avino, S Calloni, E Barone, F DeRosa, R DiFiore, L Milano, L Restaino, SR TI First results on an adaptive optics pre-mode cleaning system based on interferometric phase-front detection SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves CY JUL 06-11, 2003 CL Tirrenia, ITALY ID LASER-BEAM; FLUCTUATIONS AB We present an adaptive optics (AO) system for the control of geometrical fluctuations in a laser beam based on the interferometric detection of phase front. By comparison with the usual Shack-Hartman-based AO system, we show that this technique is of particular interest when high sensitivity and high band-pass are required for correction of small perturbations such as, for instance, the control of the input beam of gravitational waves interferometric detectors. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, Naples, Italy. Univ Studi Salerno, Dipartimento Sci Farmaceut, Salerno, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Avino, S (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ Monte Sant Angelo,Via Cinthia, Naples, Italy. OI Avino, Saverio/0000-0001-6623-9784; calloni, enrico/0000-0003-4819-3297; Milano, Leopoldo/0000-0001-9487-5876 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD MAR 7 PY 2004 VL 21 IS 5 SI SI BP S947 EP S950 AR PII S0264-9381(04)68882-4 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/21/5/084 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 805CQ UT WOS:000220344800085 ER PT J AU Dietrich, DE Mehra, A Haney, RL Bowman, MJ Tseng, YH AF Dietrich, DE Mehra, A Haney, RL Bowman, MJ Tseng, YH TI Dissipation effects in North Atlantic Ocean modeling SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GULF-STREAM; WIND STRESS; RESOLUTION; SURFACE; EDDY AB Numerical experiments varying lateral viscosity and diffusivity between 20 and 150 m(2)/s in a North Atlantic Ocean (NAO) model having 4th-order accurate numerics, in which the dense deep current system (DCS) from the northern seas and Arctic Ocean is simulated directly show that Gulf Stream (GS) separation is strongly affected by the dissipation of the DCS. This is true even though the separation is highly inertial with large Reynolds number for GS separation flow scales. We show that realistic NAO modeling requires less than 150 m(2)/s viscosity and diffusivity in order to maintain the DCS material current with enough intensity to get realistic GS separation near Cape Hatteras ( CH). This also demands accurate, low dissipation numerics, because of the long transit time ( 1 - 10 years) of DCS material from its northern seas and Arctic Ocean source regions to the Cape Hatteras region and the small lateral and vertical scales of DCS. C1 AcuSea Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Geo Resources Inst, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Dept Meteorol, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21208 USA. RP Dietrich, DE (reprint author), AcuSea Inc, 1421 Monte Largo Dr NE, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. EM dietrich@nmia.com; mehra@gri.msstate.edu; rlhaney@nps.navy.mil; mbowman@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; yhtseng@jhu.edu NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 5 AR L05302 DI 10.1029/2003GL019015 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 803HW UT WOS:000220223200004 ER PT J AU Silvie, O Franetich, JF Charrin, S Mueller, MS Siau, A Bodescot, M Rubinstein, E Hannoun, L Charoenvit, Y Kocken, CH Thomas, AW van Gemert, GJ Sauerwein, RW Blackman, MJ Anders, RF Pluschke, G Mazier, D AF Silvie, O Franetich, JF Charrin, S Mueller, MS Siau, A Bodescot, M Rubinstein, E Hannoun, L Charoenvit, Y Kocken, CH Thomas, AW van Gemert, GJ Sauerwein, RW Blackman, MJ Anders, RF Pluschke, G Mazier, D TI A role for apical membrane antigen 1 during invasion of hepatocytes by Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID B-CELL EPITOPES; APICOMPLEXAN PARASITES; GLIDING MOTILITY; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ERYTHROCYTE INVASION; MICRONEMAL PROTEINS; ANONYMOUS PROTEIN; HOST-CELLS; SURFACE AB Plasmodium sporozoites are transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes and invade hepatocytes as a first and obligatory step of the parasite life cycle in man. Hepatocyte invasion involves proteins secreted from parasite vesicles called micronemes, the most characterized being the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein ( TRAP). Here we investigated the expression and function of another microneme protein recently identified in Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1). P. falciparum AMA-1 is expressed in sporozoites and is lost after invasion of hepatocytes, and anti-AMA-1 antibodies inhibit sporozoite invasion, suggesting that the protein is involved during invasion of hepatocytes. As observed with TRAP, AMA-1 is initially mostly sequestered within the sporozoite. Upon microneme exocytosis, AMA-1 and TRAP relocate to the sporozoite surface, where they are proteolytically cleaved, resulting in the shedding of soluble fragments. A subset of serine protease inhibitors blocks the processing and shedding of both AMA-1 and TRAP and inhibits sporozoite infectivity, suggesting that interfering with sporozoite proteolytic processing may constitute a valuable strategy to prevent hepatocyte infection. C1 Univ Paris 06, CHU Pitie Salpetriere, INSERM, U511, F-75013 Paris, France. Univ Paris 11, Hop Paul Brousse, Inst Andre Lwoff, INSERM,U268, F-94807 Villejuif, France. Swiss Trop Inst, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Serv chirurg Digest Hepatobiliopancreat & Transpl, F-75013 Paris, France. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Biomed Primate Res Ctr, Dept Parasitol, NL-2280 GH Rijswijk, Netherlands. Univ Med Ctr St Radboud, Dept Med Microbiol, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Med Res, Div Parasitol, London NW7 1AA, England. La Trobe Univ, Dept Biochem, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. La Trobe Univ, Cooperat Res Ctr Vaccine Technol, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. RP Silvie, O (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U511, 91 Blvd Hop, F-75013 Paris, France. EM silvie@ext.jussieu.fr RI Sauerwein, Robert/C-8519-2013; OI Rubinstein, Eric/0000-0001-7623-9665 NR 34 TC 190 Z9 199 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 5 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 10 BP 9490 EP 9496 DI 10.1074/jbc.M311331200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 778XD UT WOS:000189265900115 PM 14676185 ER PT J AU Gawarkiewicz, G Brink, KH Bahr, F Beardsley, RC Caruso, M Lynch, JF Chiu, CS AF Gawarkiewicz, G Brink, KH Bahr, F Beardsley, RC Caruso, M Lynch, JF Chiu, CS TI A large-amplitude meander of the shelfbreak front during summer south of New England: Observations from the Shelfbreak PRIMER experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE shelfbreak front; cross-shelf exchange; frontal dynamics ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SLOPE WATER; STABILITY; EXCHANGE; EDDIES; WAVES; BREAK; GULF AB [1] In order to examine spatial and temporal variability of the shelfbreak front during peak stratification, repeated surveys using a towed undulating vehicle ( SeaSoar) are used to describe the evolution of shelfbreak frontal structure during 26 July to 1 August 1996 south of New England. Spatial correlation (e-folding) scales for the upper 60 m of the water column were generally between 8 and 15 km for temperature, salinity, and velocity. Temporal correlation scales were about 1 day. The frontal variability was dominated by the passage of a westward propagating meander that had a wavelength of 40 km, a propagation speed of 0.11 m s(-1), and an amplitude of 15 km ( 30 km from crest to trough). Along-front geostrophic velocities ( referenced to a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profilers) were as large as 0.45 m s(-1), although subject to significant along-front variations. The relative vorticity within the jet was large, with a maximum 0.6 of the local value of the Coriolis parameter. Seaward of the front, a small detached eddy consisting of shelf water was present with a diameter of approximately 15 km. Ageostrophic contributions to the velocity field are estimated to be as large as 0.3 m s(-1) in regions of sharp curvature within the meander. These observations strongly suggest that during at least some time periods, shelfbreak exchange is nonlinear ( large Rossby number) and dominated by features on a horizontal scale of order 10 km. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM gleng@whoi.edu NR 26 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C3 AR C03006 DI 10.1029/2002JC001468 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 803IU UT WOS:000220225600001 ER PT J AU Cai, LT Skulason, H Kushmerick, JG Pollack, SK Naciri, J Shashidhar, R Allara, DL Mallouk, TE Mayer, TS AF Cai, LT Skulason, H Kushmerick, JG Pollack, SK Naciri, J Shashidhar, R Allara, DL Mallouk, TE Mayer, TS TI Nanowire-based molecular monolayer junctions: Synthesis, assembly, and electrical characterization SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; METAL JUNCTIONS; TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; GOLD SURFACES; LOGIC GATES; WIRES; TRANSPORT; CONDUCTANCE AB Nanowire metal-molecule-metal junctions containing dithoilated molecules of dodecane (C12), oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE), and oligo(phenylene vinylene) (OPV) were prepared by replicating the pores of sub-40 nm diameter polycarbonate track etched membranes. Bottom Au-S or Pd-S contacts were made by potential-assisted molecule assembly onto the tips of the first segment of the electrochemically deposited nanowires. Top S-Ag or S-Pd contacts were formed by depositing Ag or Pd nanoparticles, which also served as a thin seed layer for electrodeposition of the second nanowire segment. Room-temperature current-voltage (I-V) measurements of individual nanowires show that the conductance of junctions formed with pi-conjugated oligomers are several orders of magnitude larger than the saturated alkanes, with the OPV junctions having the highest conductance. The molecular wire junction conductance was also found to be dependent on the metal contacts with symmetric Pd-Pd junctions yielding the best metal-molecule coupling and highest conductance. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mayer, TS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tsm2@psu.edu RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008; Mallouk, Thomas/K-7391-2012 OI Mallouk, Thomas/0000-0003-4599-4208 NR 41 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 5 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 9 BP 2827 EP 2832 DI 10.1021/jp0361273 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 800II UT WOS:000220021600012 ER PT J AU Welsh, ER Schauer, CL Santos, JP Price, RR AF Welsh, ER Schauer, CL Santos, JP Price, RR TI In situ cross-linking of alternating polyelectrolyte multilayer films SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID BLOCKED ISOCYANATES-III; BY-LAYER ADSORPTION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; WEAK POLYELECTROLYTES; BISULFITE SALTS; CHITOSAN; CONSTRUCTION; DIISOCYINATE; ASSEMBLIES; DEPOSITION AB A water-soluble, blocked diisocyanate was proven to support stable growth of bilayers with branched poly(ethylenimine), bPEI, in a layer-by-layer (LBL) technique. A quartz crystal microbalance and ellipsometry were employed to measure bilayer formation and infrared spectroscopy of LBL deposited films of hexamethylene-1,6-di(aminocarboxysulfonate) and bPEI revealed in situ cross-linking between successive layers. Erratic film growth with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) with which covalent linkage was not possible, and film stability in high salt and diethanolamine solutions also supported cross-linking. Silica beads coated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-bPEI bilayers were capped with the cross-linking agent, and loss of enzymatic activity and less dissolution of active ALP were observed, relative to uncapped or alternately caped assemblies. Consequently, such a cross-linking agent alone or diluted with other polyanions, like poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), might prove useful in controlling network and dissolution properties of LBL films having a variety of biologic and other functions, such as for controlled release. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Welsh, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM welsh@usna.edu RI Schauer, Caroline/A-1020-2007; Schauer, Caroline/D-5350-2013; OI Schauer, Caroline/0000-0002-5987-682X NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 2 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1807 EP 1811 DI 10.1021/la035798p PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 778KV UT WOS:000189241500040 ER PT J AU Pollack, SK Naciri, J Mastrangelo, J Patterson, CH Torres, J Moore, M Shashidhar, R Kushmerick, JG AF Pollack, SK Naciri, J Mastrangelo, J Patterson, CH Torres, J Moore, M Shashidhar, R Kushmerick, JG TI Sequential deprotection for control of orientation in the self-assembly of asymmetric molecules for molecular electronic devices SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID METAL JUNCTION; MONOLAYERS; RECTIFICATION; TRANSPORT; WIRES; CONDUCTIVITY; RECTIFIERS; POLYMERS; THIOLS AB We present a demonstration of molecular rectification in a metal-molecule-metal junction created by self-assembly where endgroup chemistry does not influence the observed conductance asymmetry. Using a protection scheme which allows for stepwise deprotection of aryl thiols, the deposition of (alpha,omega)-dithio-molecules with a preferred polar order can be achieved. Quartz crystal microgravimetry was used to demonstrate the sequential nature of the deprotection and the preferred orientation of absorption of the monodeprotected dithiols. Current-voltage measurements of metal-molecule-metal junctions reveal a bias polarity asymmetry resulting solely from the internal molecular asymmetry and not from the initial protecting group chemistry. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Washington, DC 20003 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. RP Pollack, SK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM spol-lack@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; jkushmerick@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008 NR 29 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 2 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1838 EP 1842 DI 10.1021/la036170h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 778KV UT WOS:000189241500045 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR Coop, A Parrish, DA Rice, KC AF Deschamps, JR Coop, A Parrish, DA Rice, KC TI 7 beta, 14 beta-epoxyhydrocodone-6,6-dimethoxy ketal: an unusual oxetane-containing opioid SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID ANALGESIC NARCOTIC-ANTAGONISTS; CRYSTAL C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM deschamps@nrl.navy.mil OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD MAR PY 2004 VL 60 BP O331 EP O333 DI 10.1107/S1600536804002077 PN 3 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 778XC UT WOS:000189265800051 ER PT J AU Grinstein, FF AF Grinstein, FF TI Introduction: Boundary conditions for large eddy simulation SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Grinstein, FF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, IGPP, MS C305, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 42 IS 3 BP 437 EP 437 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 803MJ UT WOS:000220234900001 ER PT J AU Carter, RW Singh, J Archambault, C Arrieta, A AF Carter, RW Singh, J Archambault, C Arrieta, A TI Severe lactic acidosis in association with reverse transcriptase inhibitors with potential response to L-carnitine in a pediatric HIV-positive patient SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RISK-FACTORS; HYPERLACTATEMIA AB We report a case of life-threatening lactic acidosis in a 10-year-old male with HIV stage B2 infection, presumed to be vertically acquired. This occurred after several months of therapy with d4t, ddl, and nevirapine. His most recent CD4 count was 347 cells per microliter and viral load 16,000 copies per milliliter 3 weeks prior to admission. The peak lactic acid level was 12.4 mmol/L. Although multiple therapeutic interventions took place, the patient showed rapid improvement and resolution temporally associated with the administration of levocarnitine. C1 Childrens Hosp Orange Cty, Dept Infect Dis, Orange, CA 92868 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Paradise Valley Hosp, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA USA. RP Arrieta, A (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Orange Cty, Dept Infect Dis, 455 S Main St, Orange, CA 92868 USA. EM aarrieta@choc.org NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD MAR PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 BP 131 EP 134 DI 10.1089/108729104322994810 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 807RK UT WOS:000220518400002 PM 15104873 ER PT J AU Abels, R AF Abels, R TI The medieval life of King Alfred the Great: A translation and commentary on the text attributed to Asser. SO ALBION LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Abels, R (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU APPALACHIAN STATE UNIV PI BOONE PA ALBION/HISTORY DEPT 210 WHITENER HALL, BOONE, NC 28608 USA SN 0095-1390 J9 ALBION JI Albion PD SPR PY 2004 VL 36 IS 1 BP 86 EP 88 DI 10.2307/4054439 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 857GE UT WOS:000224103600007 ER PT J AU Hattendorf, JB AF Hattendorf, JB TI Henry Lloyd and the military enlightenment of eighteenth-century Europe. SO ALBION LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Hattendorf, JB (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU APPALACHIAN STATE UNIV PI BOONE PA ALBION/HISTORY DEPT 210 WHITENER HALL, BOONE, NC 28608 USA SN 0095-1390 J9 ALBION JI Albion PD SPR PY 2004 VL 36 IS 1 BP 141 EP 142 DI 10.2307/4054475 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 857GE UT WOS:000224103600044 ER PT J AU Yoder, JA Viera, AJ AF Yoder, JA Viera, AJ TI Management of swimming-induced pulmonary edema SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Letter C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Hosp Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. RP Yoder, JA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1046 EP + PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 801OD UT WOS:000220104300002 PM 15023003 ER PT J AU Kucik, CJ Martin, GL Sortor, BV AF Kucik, CJ Martin, GL Sortor, BV CA Naval Hospital Jacksonville TI Common intestinal parasites SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID AMEBIASIS; DIAGNOSIS AB Intestinal parasites cause significant morbidity and mortality. Diseases caused by Enterobius vermicularis, Giardia, lamblia, Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, and Entamoeba histolytica occur in the United States. E vermicularis, or pinworm, causes irritation and sleep disturbances.. Diagnosis can be made using the "cellophane tape test." Treatment includes mebendazole and household sanitation. Giardia causes nausea, vomiting, malabsorption, diarrhea, and weight loss. Stool ova and parasite studies are diagnostic. Treatment includes metronidazole. Sewage treatment, proper handwashing, and consumption of bottled water can be preventive. A. duodenale and N. americanus are hookworms that cause blood loss, anemia, pica, and wasting. Finding eggs in the feces is diagnostic. Treatments include albendazole, mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate, iron supplementation, and blood transfusion. Preventive measures include wearing shoes and treating sewage. E. histolytica can cause intestinal ulcerations, bloody diarrhea, weight loss, fever, gastrointestinal obstruction, and peritonitis. Amebas can cause abscesses in the liver that may rupture into the pleural space, peritoneum, or pericardium. Stool and serologic assays, biopsy, barium studies, and liver imaging have diagnostic merit. Therapy includes luminal and tissue amebicides to attack both life-cycle stages. Metronidazole, chloroquine, and aspiration are treatments for liver abscess. Careful sanitation and use of peeled foods and bottled water are preventive. Copyright (C) 2004 American Academy of Family Physicians. C1 USN, Hosp Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Kucik, CJ (reprint author), USN, Hosp Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL USA. NR 22 TC 45 Z9 56 U1 6 U2 15 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1161 EP 1168 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 801OD UT WOS:000220104300013 PM 15023017 ER PT J AU Provencher, MT Hofmeister, EP Muldoon, MR AF Provencher, MT Hofmeister, EP Muldoon, MR TI The surgical treatment of external coxa saltans (the snapping hip) by Z-plasty of the iliotibial band SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE snapping hip; coxa saltans; hip pain; external snapping hip; iliotibial band; hip bursitis; greater trochanter bursitis ID REFRACTORY TROCHANTERIC BURSITIS; ILIOPSOAS TENDON; DISLOCATION; INJURIES AB Purpose: A snapping hip (coxa saltans) secondary to a tight iliotibial band rarely needs surgical intervention. The purpose of this study is to present the surgical results of refractory external-type snapping hip by Z-plasty of the iliotibial band. Materials and Methods: Nine symptomatic snapping hips in 8 consecutive patients (1 bilateral) from August 1997 through March 2002 who underwent an iliotibial band Z-plasty were reviewed. Results: Eight of the 9 hips were in active-duty military and 1 was a civilian, with an average age of 25.6 years (range, 21 to 38 years). Mean duration of symptoms prior to surgical intervention was 25.2 months (range, 16 to 39 months) with an average follow-up of 22.9 months (range, 7 to 38 months). All patients had complete resolution of the snapping hip, and all but 1 returned to full unrestricted activities. The 1 failure had persistent groin pain but no residual snapping. Conclusions: Patients with snapping hip of the iliotibial band refractory to conservative treatment are rare. The surgical results of Z-plasty are excellent and predictable. Careful screening is necessary to preclude other confounding diagnoses. Z-plasty is recommended as an effective surgical treatment of the refractory snapping hip secondary to iliotibial band tightness. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 112, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM mtprovencher@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 43 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 32 IS 2 BP 470 EP 476 DI 10.1177/0363546503261713 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 776HG UT WOS:000189110100027 PM 14977676 ER PT J AU Fleming, B AF Fleming, B TI Why I love Conservatives SO ANTIOCH REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fleming, B (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANTIOCH REVIEW PI YELLOW SPRINGS PA BOX 148, YELLOW SPRINGS, OH 45387 USA SN 0003-5769 J9 ANTIOCH REV JI Antioch Rev. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 62 IS 2 BP 210 EP 244 PG 35 WC Literary Reviews SC Literature GA 808LC UT WOS:000220569600003 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Zhou, JP Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Zhou, JP Sun, FR Wu, C TI Ecological optimization for generalized irreversible Carnot engines SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE finite-time thermodynamics; heat engine; ecological optimization ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; ENDOREVERSIBLE THERMAL CYCLES; TIME HEAT ENGINES; FINITE-TIME; TRANSFER LAW; PERFORMANCE; PROPERTY; POWER; EFFICIENCY; CRITERION AB The optimal ecological performance of a Newton's law generalized irreversible Carnot engine with losses due to heat-resistance, heat leak and internal irreversibility is derived by taking an ecological optimization criterion as the objective. This consists of maximizing a function representing the best compromise between the power and entropy production rate of the heat engine. A numerical example is given to show the effects of heat leakage and internal irreversibility on the optimal performance of the generalized irreversible heat-engine. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 21 TC 58 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD MAR PY 2004 VL 77 IS 3 BP 327 EP 338 DI 10.1016/S0306-2619(03)00138-7 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 760UX UT WOS:000187854600007 ER PT J AU Chen, LC Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LC Sun, FR Wu, C TI Optimal allocation of heat-exchanger area for refrigeration and air-conditioning plants SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; THERMODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION; CARNOT REFRIGERATOR; PERFORMANCE; CYCLES; POWER AB The performance of the Carnot cycle and a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle can be optimized by the choice of a heat-exchanger area between the evaporator and the condenser. In this paper, the analytical expressions for the optimal allocation of heat-exchanger area for the endoreversible and irreversible Carnot cycles with constant- and variable-temperature heat-reservoirs are derived. The optimal values for real vapor-compression cycles are obtained by numerical analysis. The results can guide the evaluation of existing refrigeration and air-conditioning plants or influence design practice for future plants. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LC (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 27 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD MAR PY 2004 VL 77 IS 3 BP 339 EP 354 DI 10.1016/S0306-2619(03)00136-3 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 760UX UT WOS:000187854600008 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Brown, CM Windt, DL Donguy, S Kjornrattanawanich, B AF Seely, JF Brown, CM Windt, DL Donguy, S Kjornrattanawanich, B TI Normal-incidence efficiencies of multi layer-coated laminar gratings for the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on the Solar-B mission SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB The normal-incidence efficiencies of two laminar gratings and the reflectances of two parabolic mirrors with matching multilayer coatings were measured by monochromatic synchrotron radiation and were compared with modeling calculations. These optics were developed for the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer to be launched on the Japanese Solar-B mission. Each optic has two sectors coated with Mo/Si multilayers that reflect the 17-21-nm and 25-29-nm wave bands at normal incidence. The measured peak grating efficiencies are in the 8%-12% range and are in good agreement with efficiency calculations that account for the effects of groove profile and the microroughness as determined by atomic force microscopy. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Columbia Univ, Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7674,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1463 EP 1471 DI 10.1364/AO.43.001463 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 780JY UT WOS:000189378600001 PM 15015527 ER PT J AU Yousuf, M Qadri, SB Knies, DL Grabowski, KS Coffin, RB Pohlman, JW AF Yousuf, M Qadri, SB Knies, DL Grabowski, KS Coffin, RB Pohlman, JW TI Novel results on structural investigations of natural minerals of clathrate hydrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID MEXICO CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; CHEMOSYNTHETIC COMMUNITIES; GAS; GULF; METHANE; SEDIMENTS; STABILITY; WATER; DEEP; SEA AB High-resolution powder X-ray diffraction measurements were carried out on gas hydrates in the angle-dispersive mode using a synchrotron radiation source. In contrast to the structural studies of laboratory-grown gas hydrates, this study has been performed on naturally grown clathrate hydrates obtained from the sea floor at different geographic locations. While the hydrate samples of the Cascadia Margin exhibit a preponderance of structure I, those from the Gulf of Mexico consist of mixed structures, namely structure II, structure I and structure H. Ice in structure Ih is inherently present in all the clathrate hydrate samples. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 31 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 78 IS 6 BP 925 EP 939 DI 10.1007/s00339-003-2091-y PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 779CA UT WOS:000189277000021 ER PT J AU Adelman, WP AF Adelman, WP TI Nicotine replacement therapy for teenagers - About time or a waste of time? SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ADOLESCENT SMOKERS; PATCH THERAPY; DEPENDENCE; CESSATION; SMOKING; YOUTH C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Adolescent Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Adelman, WP (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Adolescent Med, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM wpadelman@bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 158 IS 3 BP 205 EP 206 DI 10.1001/archpedi.158.3.205 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 778ZB UT WOS:000189270300001 PM 14993074 ER PT J AU Eitelberg, MJ AF Eitelberg, MJ TI Don't ask, don't tell: Debating the gay ban in the military. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Eitelberg, MJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA RUTGERS UNIV, DEPT 8010, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 30 IS 3 BP 488 EP 491 DI 10.1177/0095327X0403000310 PG 4 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 840BR UT WOS:000222832500009 ER PT J AU Sekiya, JK Elkousy, HA Fu, FH AF Sekiya, JK Elkousy, HA Fu, FH TI Recurrent pretibial ganglion cyst formation over 5 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE ACL; pretibial; ganglion; cyst; reconstruction; recurrent ID COMPLICATION; ALLOGRAFTS AB Although ganglion cysts of the anterior cruciate ligament have been described in the literature, they are a relatively rare phenomenon. Cyst formation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is even less frequent, with only a few reported cases. The proposed etiology of these cysts has been attributed to a number of causes, including the use of bioabsorbable screws, Gore-Tex (W. L. Gore and Associates, Flagstaff, AZ) grafts, extra-articular fluid extravasation secondary to direct tibial tunnel communication, allografts with or without ethylene oxide sterilization, and the use of nonabsorbable suture. We report an unusual case of a recurrent pretibial ganglion cyst that initially formed more than 5 years after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and recurred 2 years after resection of the mass. We believe the initial surgical resection was unsuccessful probably because the foreign body irritant was not identified. Only after resection of the entire stalk of the cyst and removal of all of the inciting suture material that was found near the entrance of the tibial tunnel were we able to definitively eradicate the ganglion cyst. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Fu, FH (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. EM ffu@upmc.edu NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD MAR PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 317 EP 321 DI 10.1053/arthro.2003.11.041 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 807YX UT WOS:000220537900015 PM 15007323 ER PT J AU Salmeron, J Marin, A AF Salmeron, J Marin, A TI A convex submodel with application to system design SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE convex programming; decomposition methods; Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions ID ELECTRIC CAPACITY EXPANSION; ROBUST OPTIMIZATION; FACILITY LOCATION; DECOMPOSITION; DEMAND; APPROXIMATION; UNCERTAINTY; MODEL AB In this paper, we present an algorithm to solve a particular convex model explicitly. The model may massively arise when, for example, Benders decomposition or Lagrangean relaxation-decomposition is applied to solve large design problems in facility location and capacity expansion. To attain the optimal solution of the model, we analyze its Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions and develop a constructive algorithm that provides the optimal primal and dual solutions. This approach yields better performance than other convex optimization techniques. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Matemat Aplicada & Estadist, ETSI Aeronaut, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Salmeron, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jsalmero@nps.navy.mil; amarin@dmae.upm.es NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-5959 J9 ASIA PAC J OPER RES JI Asia Pac. J. Oper. Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 21 IS 1 BP 9 EP 33 DI 10.1142/S0217595904000047 PG 25 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 817WX UT WOS:000221208700002 ER PT J AU Kafka, S Gibbs, DG Henden, AA Honeycutt, RK AF Kafka, S Gibbs, DG Henden, AA Honeycutt, RK TI WIYN open cluster study. XX. Photometric monitoring of the galactic cluster NGC 6939 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; binaries : general; open clusters and associations : individual (NGC 6939); RR Lyrae variable; stars : variables : general ID CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; BLUE STRAGGLERS; NGC 6939; STARS; CATALOG; BINARIES; ENSEMBLE; WINDOW AB A photometric monitoring program in the field of the Galactic cluster NGC 6939 was conducted using the 0.91m WIYN and the US Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station 1.3 m and 1 m telescopes, with the primary goal being to search for cataclysmic variables (CVs) in the cluster. Although no CVs were found during the 5 months of monitoring, a number of short-period variables were discovered in the field of the cluster. A large portion of them are of the W Ursae Majoris type, whereas WOCS V7 is an RR Lyrae star. Although the survey was somewhat compromised by the bright stars around the center of the cluster, it is intriguing that NGC 6939 appears to be deficient in faint variables. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Kafka, S (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, 319 Swain Hall W, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM skafka@astro.indiana.edu; dgibbs2@uwyo.edu; aah@nofs.navy.mil; honey@astro.indiana.edu NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 127 IS 3 BP 1622 EP 1631 DI 10.1086/382102 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 801FL UT WOS:000220081700029 ER PT J AU Fey, AL Ojha, R Jauncey, DL Johnston, KJ Reynolds, JE Lovell, JEJ Tzioumis, AK Quick, JFH Nicolson, GD Ellingsen, SP McCulloch, PM Koyama, Y AF Fey, AL Ojha, R Jauncey, DL Johnston, KJ Reynolds, JE Lovell, JEJ Tzioumis, AK Quick, JFH Nicolson, GD Ellingsen, SP McCulloch, PM Koyama, Y TI Accurate astrometry of 22 southern hemisphere radio sources SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; catalogs; quasars : general; radio continuum : galaxies; reference systems; techniques : interferometric ID BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; QUASARS; SYSTEM; DELAY; VLBI AB Milliarcsecond-accurate radio positions for 22 southern hemisphere extragalactic sources are reported. These positions are derived from Mark III very long baseline interferometry observations made between 2003 February and 2003 August. The results presented here supplement an ongoing project to increase the sky density of southern hemisphere sources in order to better define the International Celestial Reference Frame and to provide additional phase-reference sources with accurate positions for use in astrophysical observations. The positions for all 22 sources are south of delta = - 30degrees (positions for 10 of the sources are south of delta = - 60degrees) and represent the largest group of new milliarcsecond-accurate astrometric positions for sources in this declination range since the initial definition of the International Celestial Reference Frame. The reported positions have average formal uncertainties of 0.5 mas in right ascension and 0.6 mas in declination. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Hartebeesthoek Radio Astron Observ, ZA-1740 Krugersdorp, South Africa. Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Kashima Space Res Ctr, Commun Res Lab, Kashima, Ibaraki 3148501, Japan. RP Fey, AL (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RI Ellingsen, Simon/J-7754-2014 OI Ellingsen, Simon/0000-0002-1363-5457 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 127 IS 3 BP 1791 EP 1795 DI 10.1086/381957 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 801FL UT WOS:000220081700044 ER PT J AU Efroimsky, M Goldreich, P AF Efroimsky, M Goldreich, P TI Gauge freedom in the N-body problem of celestial mechanics SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE celestial mechanics; reference systems; solar system : general; methods : N-body simulations; methods : analytical; methods : numerical AB The goal of this paper is to demonstrate how the internal symmetry of the N-body celestial-mechanics problem can be exploited in orbit calculation. We start with summarising research reported in (Efroimsky 2002, 2003; Newman Efroimsky 2003; Efroimsky & Goldreich 2003) and develop its application to planetary equations in non-inertial frames. This class of problems is treated by the variation-of-constants method. As explained in the previous publications, whenever a standard system of six planetary equations (in the Lagrange, Delaunay, or other form) is employed for N objects, the trajectory resides on a 9(N-1)-dimensional submanifold of the 12(N-1)-dimensional space spanned by the orbital elements and their time derivatives. The freedom in choosing this submanifold reveals an internal symmetry inherent in the description of the trajectory by orbital elements. This freedom is analogous to the gauge invariance of electrodynamics. In traditional derivations of the planetary equations this freedom is removed by hand through the introduction of the Lagrange constraint, either explicitly (in the variation-of-constants method) or implicitly (in the Hamilton-Jacobi approach). This constraint imposes the condition (called "osculation condition") that both the instantaneous position and velocity be fit by a Keplerian ellipse (or hyperbola), i.e., that the instantaneous Keplerian ellipse (or hyperbola) be tangential to the trajectory. Imposition of any supplementary constraint different from that of Lagrange (but compatible with the equations of motion) would alter the mathematical form of the planetary equations without affecting the physical trajectory. However, for coordinate-dependent perturbations, any gauge different from that of Lagrange makes the Delaunay system noncanonical. Still, it turns out that in a more general case of disturbances dependent also upon velocities, there exists a "generalised Lagrange gauge", i.e., a constraint under which the Delaunay system is canonical (and the orbital elements are osculating in the phase space). This gauge reduces to the regular Lagrange gauge for perturbations that are velocity-independent. Finally, we provide a practical example illustrating how the gauge formalism considerably simplifies the calculation of satellite motion about an oblate precessing planet. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM efroimsk@ima.umn.edu; pmg@tapir.caltech.edu OI Efroimsky, Michael/0000-0003-1249-9622 NR 17 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 415 IS 3 BP 1187 EP 1199 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20034058 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 773RH UT WOS:000188936200037 ER PT J AU Carr, JS Tokunaga, AT Najita, J AF Carr, JS Tokunaga, AT Najita, J TI Hot H2O emission and evidence for turbulence in the disk of a young star SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; circumstellar matter; infrared : stars; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : formation; stars : pre-main-sequence ID INFRARED CO EMISSION; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; CENTROID VELOCITY INCREMENTS; ACCRETION DISKS; STELLAR OBJECTS; 2-DIMENSIONAL DISTRIBUTIONS; STATISTICAL PROPERTIES; FUNDAMENTAL EMISSION; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; GASEOUS MOLECULES AB We report on the detection and analysis of hot rovibrational H2O emission from SVS 13, a young stellar object previously known to have strong CO overtone band head emission. Modeling of the high-resolution infrared spectrum shows that the H2O emission is characterized by temperatures of similar to 1500 K, significantly lower than the temperatures that characterize the CO band head emission. The widths of the H2O lines are also found to be smaller than those of the CO lines. We construct a disk model of the emission that reproduces the CO and H2O spectrum. In this model, the H2O lines originate at somewhat larger disk radii (less than or equal to0.3 AU) than the CO overtone lines (less than or equal to0.1 AU). We find that the H2O abundance is about a factor of 10 lower than the calculated chemical equilibrium abundance. Large, approximately transonic, local line broadening is required to fit the profile of the CO band head. If this velocity dispersion is identified with turbulence, it is of significant interest regarding the transport of angular momentum in disks. Large local broadening is also required in modeling CO overtone emission from other young stellar objects, suggesting that large turbulent velocities may be characteristic of the upper atmospheres of the inner disks of young stars. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Carr, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM carr@nrl.navy.mil; tokunaga@ifa.hawaii.edu; najita@noao.edu NR 55 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 603 IS 1 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1086/381356 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 779ZM UT WOS:000189343900024 ER PT J AU Patsourakos, S Klimchuk, JA MacNeice, PJ AF Patsourakos, S Klimchuk, JA MacNeice, PJ TI The inability of steady-flow models to explain the extreme-ultraviolet coronal loops SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID ACTIVE-REGION LOOPS; STATIONARY SIPHON FLOWS; TRANSITION-REGION; SOLAR ATMOSPHERE; PROMINENCE FORMATION; TRACE DATA; DYNAMICS; SOHO; EXPLORER; ENERGY AB Recent observations from the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) and the EUV Imaging Telescope (EIT) show that warm (T approximate to 1 - 1.5 MK) EUV coronal loops in active regions generally have enhanced densities, enhanced pressure scale heights, and flat filter ratio ( temperature) profiles in comparison with the predictions of static-equilibrium theory. It has been suggested that mass flows may explain these discrepancies. We investigate this conjecture using one-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of steady flows in coronal loops. The flows are driven by asymmetric heating that decreases exponentially along the loop from one footpoint to the other. We find that a sufficiently large heating asymmetry can produce density enhancements consistent with a sizable fraction of the observed loops, but that the pressure scale heights are smaller than the corresponding gravitational scale heights, and that the filter ratio profiles are highly structured, in stark contrast to the observations. We conclude that most warm EUV loops cannot be explained by steady flows. It is thus likely that the heating in these loops is time dependent. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observ & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012; MacNeice, Peter/F-5587-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305; NR 49 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 603 IS 1 BP 322 EP 329 DI 10.1086/381426 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 779ZM UT WOS:000189343900034 ER PT J AU Gao, ZQ AF Gao, ZQ TI Estimation of aerodynamic roughness length and displacement height of an urban surface from single-level sonic anemometer data SO AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION AB A method for estimating the aerodynamic roughness length and displacement height of an underlying surface from single-level sonic anemometer data is applied to an urban surface in Beijing. Both surface roughness length and displacement height are found to vary considerably with wind direction. The results show that during the selected period average values of the aerodynamic roughness length and the zero-plane displacement height were 1.6 m and 36.0 m respectively. Comparison of the present results with previous studies for this site demonstrates that the roughness length and zero-plane displacement have increased over the last eight years. These increases were associated with an increase in the height of urban buildings. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Gao, ZQ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM zgao@nps.navy.mil NR 18 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AUSTRALIAN GOVT PUBL SERV PI CANBERRA PA PO BOX 84, CANBERRA, 2601, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9743 J9 AUST METEOROL MAG JI Aust. Meteorol. Mag. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 53 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826FF UT WOS:000221814000003 ER PT J AU Nyquist, PA Dick, EJ Buttolph, TB AF Nyquist, PA Dick, EJ Buttolph, TB TI Detection of leukocyte activation in pigs with neurologic decompression sickness SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE decompression sickness; organ perfusion; leukocyte aggregation; neutrophils ID HYPERBARIC-OXYGEN; RATS; REPERFUSION; ADHERENCE; RABBITS; INJURY; STROKE; BRAIN; SWINE AB Background: In a porcine model of neurological decompression sickness (DCS), perivascular leukocyte activation was a consistent finding in biopsies of associated cutaneous DCS. This prompted examination of other organs for similar changes; multifocal leukocyte activation was found in the lungs (pneumonitis) and liver (hepatitis). Hypothesis: DCS in pigs induces leukocyte aggregation and activation in the liver and lungs. Methods: Male Yorkshire swine, trained to run on a modified treadmill, were compressed to 200 ft of seawater (fsw) in a dry, air-filled compression chamber. Decompression varied according to the profile under study. Results: In 106 pigs, evidence for association of leukocyte aggregation and activation with the clinical diagnosis of neurologic DCS was sought. The incidence of pneumonitis (20/68, 29% with DCS; 4/38, 10% without DCS) and hepatitis (23/68, 33% with DCS; 4/38, 10% without DCS) were strongly correlated with the incidence of neurologic DCS via Pearson Chi-squared analysis (p = 0.026 pneumonitis and p = 0.008 hepatitis). Additionally, Kruskal-Wallis rank analysis for numbers of organs involved and incidence of neurologic DCS showed a strong correlation between the increasing occurrence of neurologic DCS and the involvement of both the liver and lungs (p = 0.004). Conclusions: The results imply that, at least in pigs, DCS induces leukocyte aggregation and activation in the liver and lungs. These organs are not normally considered targets of DCS. Leukocyte aggregation in these organs may be related to their roles as highly perfused organs. Leukocyte aggregation may be a marker for DCS, providing further evidence for wider, systemic effects of DCS. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Nyquist, PA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Diving & Environm Physiol Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Templed@nmrc.navy.mil NR 26 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 75 IS 3 BP 211 EP 214 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 809OJ UT WOS:000220645700003 PM 15018287 ER PT J AU Friedl, KE Mallis, MM Ahlers, ST Popkin, SM Larkin, W AF Friedl, KE Mallis, MM Ahlers, ST Popkin, SM Larkin, W TI Research requirements for operational decision-making using models of fatigue and performance SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fatigue and Performance Modeling Workshop CY JUN 13-14, 2002 CL Seattle, WA DE biological models; task performance and analysis; personnel staffing and scheduling; psychomotor performance; cognition; physiology; neuropsychological tests; sleep deprivation; fatigue; physiopathology; biomathematical models; alertness; performance ID SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; DOSE-RESPONSE; PSYCHOMOTOR VIGILANCE; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; EXPOSURE; INVOLVEMENT; RESTRICTION; ALERTNESS; PATTERNS; CAFFEINE AB Sustained human performance is critical to job and mission success in many federal agencies including national defense, aerospace exploration, and transportation. For the responsible agencies, applications of the basic biomedical and applied human factors science provide the best available solutions to help individuals perform more effectively and with increased safety. Key products of this research are biomathematical models that predict periods of impaired performance, with applications in planning tools, real time monitoring, and intervention decision aids. Since it is difficult to quantify the number of judgment errors or accidents averted, metrics of success for fatigue management systems must be largely based on the accuracy of performance predictions derived from laboratory-based research studies and the extent to which such results can be generalized to the field environment. Performance metrics must, at a minimum, be correlated with occupational task performance to demonstrate relevance to real-world applications. This paper outlines broad goals for human effectiveness research related to fatigue, alertness, and performance. To advance from the present state of knowledge to useful predictive models requires a well-coordinated commitment from federal agencies. Users should be made aware that current models and tests are not likely to encompass all of the aspects of human performance that are relevant to field environments and occupations. C1 USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Volpe Ctr, Dept Transportat, Cambridge, MA USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Friedl, KE (reprint author), POB 29, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM karl.friedl@na.amedd.army.mil NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 75 IS 3 SU 2 BP A192 EP A199 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 811TI UT WOS:000220793800032 PM 15018284 ER PT J AU Neri, DF AF Neri, DF TI Preface: Fatigue and Performance Modeling Workshop, June 13-14, 2002 SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Off Naval Res, Cognit Neural & Biomol Sci & Technol Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Neri, DF (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Cognit Neural & Biomol Sci & Technol Div, Code 342, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM nerid@onr.navy.mil NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 75 IS 3 SU 2 BP A1 EP A3 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 811TI UT WOS:000220793800001 PM 15018261 ER PT J AU Teixeira, J Cheinet, S AF Teixeira, J Cheinet, S TI A simple mixing length formulation for the Eddy-diffusivity parameterization of dry convection SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE convection; Eddy diffusivity; mixing length ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; MODEL; TURBULENCE; SENSITIVITY AB In this paper a simple mixing length formulation for the eddy-diffusivity parameterization of dry convection is suggested. The new formulation relates the mixing length to the square root of the turbulent kinetic energy (e) and a time scale (tau): l = tauroote. To close the parameterization the time scale is calculated as a function of the boundary-layer height ( h) and the convective velocity scale (w(*)), tau proportional to h/w(*). The simpler approach of a constant time scale is also studied. The simulation of a case of dry atmospheric convection with a one-dimensional boundary-layer model shows that the model with the new formulation reproduces quite well the main properties of the convective boundary layer. In particular, the entrainment is realistically represented by the new mixing length, which has the advantage of naturally decreasing with the turbulent kinetic energy. Sensitivity studies to the surface flux and the lapse rate, in the context of a simplified situation, show the robustness of the new formulation. C1 UCAR, VSP, Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. RP Teixeira, J (reprint author), UCAR, VSP, Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 110 IS 3 BP 435 EP 453 DI 10.1023/B:BOUN.0000007230.96303.0d PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 751MN UT WOS:000187071000005 ER PT J AU Seinfeld, JH Carmichael, GR Arimoto, R Conant, WC Brechtel, FJ Bates, TS Cahill, TA Clarke, AD Doherty, SJ Flatau, PJ Huebert, BJ Kim, J Markowicz, KM Quinn, PK Russell, LM Russell, PB Shimizu, A Shinozuka, Y Song, CH Tang, YH Uno, I Vogelmann, AM Weber, RJ Woo, JH Zhang, XY AF Seinfeld, JH Carmichael, GR Arimoto, R Conant, WC Brechtel, FJ Bates, TS Cahill, TA Clarke, AD Doherty, SJ Flatau, PJ Huebert, BJ Kim, J Markowicz, KM Quinn, PK Russell, LM Russell, PB Shimizu, A Shinozuka, Y Song, CH Tang, YH Uno, I Vogelmann, AM Weber, RJ Woo, JH Zhang, XY TI ACE-ASIA - Regional climatic and atmospheric chemical effects of Asian dust and pollution SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHEJU ISLAND; AEROSOL COMPOSITION; SEASONAL-VARIATION; NORTH PACIFIC; SURFACE; KOREA; BIOMASS; SYSTEM; OXIDES; WATER AB Although continental-scale plumes of Asian dust and pollution reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface and perturb the chemistry of the atmosphere, our ability to quantify these effects has been limited by a lack of critical observations, particularly of layers above the surface. Comprehensive surface, airborne, shipboard, and satellite measurements of Asian aerosol chemical composition, size, optical properties, and radiative impacts were performed during the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) study. Measurements within a massive Chinese dust storm at numerous widely spaced sampling locations revealed the highly complex structure of the atmosphere, in which layers of dust, urban pollution, and biomass-burning smoke may be transported long distances as distinct entities or mixed together. The data allow a first-time assessment of the regional climatic and atmospheric chemical effects of a continental-scale mixture of dust and pollution. Our results show that radiative flux reductions during such episodes are sufficient to cause regional climate change. C1 CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. New Mexico State Univ, CEMRC, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Brechtel Mfg Inc, Hayward, CA USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine & Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Meteorol Res Inst KMA, Seoul, South Korea. Warsaw Univ, Inst Geophys, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Mail Code 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Uno, Itsushi/B-5952-2011; Shimizu, Atsushi/C-2810-2009; ZHANG, Xiao-Ye/C-8707-2012; Flatau, Piotr/E-2219-2011; Vogelmann, Andrew/M-8779-2014; Doherty, Sarah/D-5592-2015; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Shimizu, Atsushi/0000-0002-7306-7412; ZHANG, Xiao-Ye/0000-0003-1802-3385; Vogelmann, Andrew/0000-0003-1918-5423; Doherty, Sarah/0000-0002-7796-6968; Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 38 TC 189 Z9 200 U1 6 U2 34 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 85 IS 3 BP 367 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-3-367 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 809AA UT WOS:000220608400019 ER PT J AU Wegner, SA Wallace, MR Aronson, NE Tasker, SA Blazes, DL Tamminga, C Fraser, S Dolan, MJ Stephan, KT Michael, NL Jagodzinski, LL Vahey, MT Gilcrest, JL Tracy, L Milazzo, MJ Murphy, DJ McKenna, P Hertogs, K Rinehart, A Larder, B Birx, DL AF Wegner, SA Wallace, MR Aronson, NE Tasker, SA Blazes, DL Tamminga, C Fraser, S Dolan, MJ Stephan, KT Michael, NL Jagodzinski, LL Vahey, MT Gilcrest, JL Tracy, L Milazzo, MJ Murphy, DJ McKenna, P Hertogs, K Rinehart, A Larder, B Birx, DL CA RV 125 Ctrs Educ Res Therapeutics TI Long-term efficacy of routine access to antiretroviral-resistance testing in HIV type 1-infected patients: Results of the clinical efficacy of resistance testing trial SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DRUG-RESISTANCE; PHENOTYPIC RESISTANCE; ZIDOVUDINE RESISTANCE; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; THERAPY; INFECTION; PROTEASE; INDIVIDUALS; PREVALENCE; MUTATIONS AB The long-term efficacy of making resistance testing routinely available to clinicians has not been established. We conducted a clinical trial at 6 US military hospitals in which volunteers infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 were randomized to have routine access to phenotype resistance testing (PT arm), access to genotype resistance testing (GT arm), or no access to either test (VB arm). The primary outcome measure was time to persistent treatment failure despite change(s) in antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen. Overall, routine access to resistance testing did not significantly increase the time to end point. Time to end point was significantly prolonged in the PT arm for subjects with a history of treatment with greater than or equal to4 different ART regimens or a history of treatment with nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors before the study, compared with that in the VB arm. These results suggest that routine access to resistance testing can improve long-term virologic outcomes in HIV-infected patients who are treatment experienced but may not impact outcome in patients who are naive to or have had limited experience with ART. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Tri Serv AIDS Clin Consortium, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Portsmouth, VA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Portsmouth, VA USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Virco Lab, Durham, NC USA. Virco BVBA, Mechelen, Belgium. Resistance Database Initiat, Cambridge, England. RP Wegner, SA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 30 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 5 BP 723 EP 730 DI 10.1086/381266 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 777EY UT WOS:000189163900017 PM 14986258 ER PT J AU Grinstein, FF Fureby, C AF Grinstein, FF Fureby, C TI From canonical to complex flows: Recent progress on monotonically integrated LES SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENT CHANNEL FLOW; GLOBAL INSTABILITIES; JETS AB Large-eddy simulation (LES) based on subgrid-scale modeling implicitly provided by the discretization algorithm has been the subject of considerable recent interest. In the monotonically integrated LES approach, flux-limiting schemes emulate the flow features in the high-wavenumber end of the inertial range region of turbulence. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Grinstein, FF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM grinstein@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; fureby@foi.se NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 6 IS 2 BP 36 EP 49 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2004.1267605 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 776LZ UT WOS:000189118600006 ER PT J AU Franck, RE AF Franck, RE TI Innovation and the technology of conflict during the Napoleonic Revolution in Military Affairs SO CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AND PEACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Analyzing Conflict CY APR 24-26, 2003 CL Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA HO Univ Calif Los Angeles AB This essay is intended as a modest response to Pi-of. Hirshleifei`s call for research in the "macrotechnology" of conflict. It specifically considers innovations undertaken by the Prussian and British Armies in response to the problems posed by the Napoleonic Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) and the resulting ascendancy of the French Army. For various masons, the Prussians chose an "emulating" response to the French; the British chose "offsetting." The discussion following considers the Napoleonic innovations and the two responses, both of which proved effective. As a result, there is support for the view that military innovation is, to a significant extent. a military choice made from a menu of military measures within the context of military-political competition. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Franck, RE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Code GB-Fr,555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM refranck@nps.navy.mil NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PEACE SCIENCE SOC INT PI BINGHAMTON PA DEPT POLITICAL SCIENCE SUNY BINGHAMTON, BINGHAMTON, NY 13902-6000 USA SN 0738-8942 J9 CONFLICT MANAG PEACE JI Confl. Manage. Peace Sci. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 21 IS 1 BP 69 EP 84 DI 10.1080/07388940490433927 PG 16 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 003TB UT WOS:000234703400006 ER PT J AU Rajagopal, AK AF Rajagopal, AK TI Heat and entropy in nonextensive thermodynamics SO CONTINUUM MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE heat; entropy; Kullback-Leibler relative entropy; Boltzmann-Gibbs and Tsallis approaches ID DYNAMICAL SEMIGROUPS; QUANTUM AB The concepts of the "quantity of heat" and "work" are deduced in the context of non-extensive statistical mechanics, following steps parallel to those employed in extensive statistical mechanics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rajagopal@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0935-1175 J9 CONTINUUM MECH THERM JI Continuum Mech. Thermodyn. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 16 IS 3 BP 257 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s00161-003-0154-0 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 800UU UT WOS:000220054000005 ER PT J AU Copper, CL Collins, GE AF Copper, CL Collins, GE TI Separation of thiol and cyanide hydrolysis products of chemical warfare agents by capillary electrophoresis SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis; cyanide; thiol; warfare agents ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS HYDROLASE; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; AQUEOUS SAMPLES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; VX; GLUTATHIONE; MICROCHIP AB The fluorescence derivatizing agent, o-phthalaldehyde (OPA), has been applied to the separation and detection of cyanide and several structurally similar thiols by capillary electrophoresis (CE)-laser induced fluorescence (LIF). Of particular interest to this investigation was the separation of 2-dimethylaminoethanethiol, 2-diethyl-aminoethanethiol, and cyanide, each of which are hydrolysis products or hydrolysis product simulants of the chemical warfare (CW) agents O-ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothiolate (VX), O-isobutyl S-2-diethylaminoethyl methylphosphonothiolate (R-VX), and tabun (GA). Other structurally similar thiols simultaneously resolved by this method include 1-pentanethiol and 2-mercaptoethanol. Instrumental parameters were probed and optimum values for capillary length (50 cm) and inner diameter (75 mum), injection time (30 s) and field strength (15 kv) were determined. Sample stacking methods enabled detection limits of 9.3 mug/L for cyanide, 1.8 mug/L for 2-diethylaminoethanethiol, 35 mug/L for 2-dimethylaminoethanethiol, 15 mug/L for 2-mercaptoethanol, and 89 mug/L for 1-pentanethiol. The linearity of the method was verified over an order of magnitude and the reproducibility was found to be 3.0%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Washington, DC USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM greg.collins@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD MAR PY 2004 VL 25 IS 6 BP 897 EP 902 DI 10.1002/elps.200305775 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 805DV UT WOS:000220347900018 PM 15004852 ER PT J AU Morris, RE Hammond, MH Shaffer, RE Gardner, WP Rose-Pehrsson, SL AF Morris, RE Hammond, MH Shaffer, RE Gardner, WP Rose-Pehrsson, SL TI The application of chemometric methods to correlate fuel performance with composition from gas chromatography SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION AB A group of JP-5 fuels, which had passed all specification testing, were causing catastrophic turbine engine failures. Laboratory examinations of these fuels did not reveal any obvious compositional differences responsible for the unacceptable performance. Since fuel screening with full scale combustor tests are expensive and time-consuming, we investigated the use of chemometric analysis to predict fuel suitability from capillary gas chromatography. From a small group of acceptable and problem fuels, a correlation model was developed that successfully predicted fuel suitability, as long as the overall composition of the fuels was similar. To increase sensitivity and allow correlations of minor compositional changes, data preprocessing methods were developed to minimize instrumental errors and to focus the analysis on subtle compositional differences that were responsible for the unacceptable combustion performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Morris, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 485 EP 489 DI 10.1021/ef030131w PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 804GO UT WOS:000220287400029 ER PT J AU Morris, RE Hughes, JM Colbert, JE AF Morris, RE Hughes, JM Colbert, JE TI The impact of copper on the liquid-phase oxidation of jet fuel for advanced aircraft SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-STABILITY AB The fuel systems in advanced aircraft will subject the fuel to more severe thermal stress and increased recirculation than in current designs. This work was undertaken as part of a study to determine the impact of copper contamination on the suitability of current JP-5 fuels in such advanced aircraft systems. Three issues were addressed in this study: (1) the impact of temperature and dissolved copper concentration on oxidation, (2) the catalytic activity of copper entrained in fuel sediment, and (3) the validity of the use of copper dopants to simulate exposure to copper-containing alloy surfaces. Examinations of liquid-phase oxidation by analyses of oxygen consumption and hydroperoxide formation rates were used to characterize the impact of copper to accelerate fuel oxidation in a flow system as a function of both temperature and copper concentration. From these measurements, the oxidation regime was represented graphically in a plot that expresses the impact of temperature and copper concentration on liquid-phase oxidation for that particular fuel. It was also found that if the time that the fuel was exposed to copper was relatively short, i.e., days or weeks, as opposed to months or years, it made no appreciable difference whether copper was introduced from exposure to copper-containing surfaces or from addition of a chemical compound. A stirred glass reactor was employed to measure the catalytic activity of copper entrained in fuel sediments on fuel autoxidation. It was found that the catalytic activity of copper-containing sediments was negligible at up to 150 degreesC. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Morris, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 490 EP 496 DI 10.1021/ef0301093 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 804GO UT WOS:000220287400030 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Shlesinger, MF Malpohl, G AF Kostoff, RN Shlesinger, MF Malpohl, G TI Fractals text mining using bibliometrics and database tomography SO FRACTALS-COMPLEX GEOMETRY PATTERNS AND SCALING IN NATURE AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE fractals; self-similarity; self-organized criticality; multi-fractal; text-mining; bibliometrics; computational linguistics ID TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE; CITATION; ROADMAPS AB Database Tomography (DT) is a textual database analysis system consisting of two major components: (1) algorithms for extracting multi-word phrase frequencies and phrase proximities (physical closeness of the multi-word technical phrases) from any type of large textual database, to augment (2) interpretative capabilities of the expert human analyst. DT was used to obtain technical intelligence from a Fractals database derived from the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index (SCI). Phrase frequency analysis by the technical domain experts provided the pervasive technical themes of the Fractals database, and the phrase proximity analysis provided the relationships among the pervasive technical themes. Bibliometric analysis of the Fractals literature supplemented the DT results with author/journal/institution publication and citation data. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil; shlesim@onr.navy.mil; malpohl@ipd.uka.de NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-348X J9 FRACTALS JI Fractals-Complex Geom. Patterns Scaling Nat. Soc. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1142/S0218348X04002343 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 823FV UT WOS:000221596300001 ER PT J AU Kim, GY Richardson, MD Bibee, DL Kim, DC Wilkens, RH Shin, SR Song, ST AF Kim, GY Richardson, MD Bibee, DL Kim, DC Wilkens, RH Shin, SR Song, ST TI Sediment types determination using acoustic techniques in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico SO GEOSCIENCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sediment types; acoustic seafloor sediment classification; Gulf of Mexico ID WATER CARBONATE ENVIRONMENT; FLORIDA; DELTA; SOUND; RIVER AB Normal incident acoustic techniques were used to determine values of sediment properties (acoustic impedance, sound speed, bulk density, porosity, shear strength, water content, and mean grain size) and map those (acoustic impedance and grain size) in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. The acoustic data were acquired using a 11 kHz normal incident echo sounder over approximately 2000 km of track line. A calibration factor for echo strength was determined by the comparison of acoustic data to measured impedance from five core samples (ground truth data). This echo strength calibration was used for the entire data set. Values of sediment properties were calculated from sediment impedance using the regressions compiled from the historical core database. Comparison of ground truth and echo strength to data from 20 additional core locations shows close agreement. Discrepancies are probably due to navigation errors or weak returns in deeper water. In addition, sediment disturbance and frequency dispersion can be considered. Using acoustic derived sediment properties, four sediment provinces of the study area are defined as the following types: sandy/silty clay (impedance, 1.6-2.0 10(6) kg/m(2) s), sand-silt-clay and/or clavey sand (impedance, 2.01-2.40 10(6) kg/m(2) s), silt or fine sand (impedance, 2.41-2.90 10(6) kg/m(2) s), medium/ coarse sand (impedance, 2.91-4.0 10(6) kg/m(2) s). The areal distributions of the four types coincide with the previous reports based on sediment sampling. Therefore, the acoustic technique can effectively, be used to define and classify sediments and map sediment provinces. C1 Korea Maritime Univ, Res Inst Marine Sci & Technol, Pusan 606791, South Korea. USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Environm Explorat Engn, Pusan 608737, South Korea. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Korea Maritime Univ, Dept Ocean Dev Engn, Pusan 606791, South Korea. Korea Seogwipo High Sch, Jeju 697070, South Korea. RP Kim, GY (reprint author), Korea Maritime Univ, Res Inst Marine Sci & Technol, Pusan 606791, South Korea. EM gykim@mail1.pknu.ac.kr NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU HANRIMWON PUBLISHING COMPANY PI SEOUL PA 206-3 OHJANG-DONG, CHOONG-KU, SEOUL 100-310, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-4806 J9 GEOSCI J JI Geosci. J. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 8 IS 1 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1007/BF02910282 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 836XL UT WOS:000222589400009 ER PT J AU Li, N Li, XW Demiguel, S Zheng, XG Campbell, JC Tulchinsky, DA Williams, KJ Isshiki, TD Kinsey, GS Sudharsansan, R AF Li, N Li, XW Demiguel, S Zheng, XG Campbell, JC Tulchinsky, DA Williams, KJ Isshiki, TD Kinsey, GS Sudharsansan, R TI High-saturation-current charge-compensated InGaAs-InP uni-traveling-carrier photodiode SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE high photocurrent; high-power photodiodes; microwave photonics; photodetectors; photodiode; radio-frequency (RF) photonics; uni-traveling-carrier (UTC) photodiode ID POWER; PHOTODETECTORS; BANDWIDTH AB Charge compensation is utilized in an InGaAs-InP uni-traveling-carrier photodiode to mitigate the space-charge effect. A 20-mum-diameter photodiode achieved a bandwidth of 25 GHz and large-signal 1-dB compression current greater than 90 mA; the output power at 20 GHz was 20 dBm. A smaller similar to100-mum(2) photodiode exhibited a bandwidth of 50 GHz and large-signal 1-dB compression current greater than 50 mA. The maximum RF output power at 40 GHz was 17 dBm. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Spectrolab, Sylmar, CA 91381 USA. RP Li, N (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM jcc@mail.utexas.edu NR 11 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 16 IS 3 BP 864 EP 866 DI 10.1109/LPT.2004.823773 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 800HC UT WOS:000220018500053 ER PT J AU Delva, JGR Howitt, I AF Delva, JGR Howitt, I TI PN acquisition for DS/SS using a preloop parallel binary search phase estimator and a closed-loop selective search subsystem SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE acquisition; auxiliary signal; binary search; direct-sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS); pseudo-noise (PN) signal ID SPECTRUM CODE ACQUISITION; SERIAL SYNCHRONIZATION; AUXILIARY SEQUENCE; SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE; SIGNALS AB An acquisition method of long pseudo-noise (PN) sequences in direct-sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS) systems is presented. The concurrent cross correlation of locally generated auxiliary signals with the incoming PN sequence produces binary search estimates leading to an initial approximation of the input signal's PN offset. The PN receiver then uses a closed-loop subsystem to determine the true offset of the incoming PN signal. New phase estimates are generated from successive corrections of likely errors in the binary search. The acquisition scheme's average acquisition time and its variance are analytically determined. Simulation results show that the proposed acquisition scheme is faster than the conventional serial receiver. A hybrid serial/parallel PN acquisition receiver is, used for comparing the acquisition performance given similar hardware complexity. The hybrid receiver used the same number of parallel correlators; as used in the proposed receiver's input phase estimator. Simulation results show that the proposed system provides an improved performance under normal operating conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, ITT Ind, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP Delva, JGR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ITT Ind, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM delva@cmf.nrl.navy.mil; ilhowitt@uncc.edu NR 22 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1276 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 408 EP 417 DI 10.1109/TWC.2003.821179 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 802IY UT WOS:000220158400011 ER PT J AU Haddad, D Bilcikova, E Witney, AA Carlton, JM White, CE Blair, PL Chattopadhyay, R Russell, J Abot, E Charoenvit, Y Aguiar, JC Carucci, DJ Weiss, WR AF Haddad, D Bilcikova, E Witney, AA Carlton, JM White, CE Blair, PL Chattopadhyay, R Russell, J Abot, E Charoenvit, Y Aguiar, JC Carucci, DJ Weiss, WR TI Novel antigen identification method for discovery of protective malaria antigens by rapid testing of DNA vaccines encoding exons from the parasite genome SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSION-LIBRARY IMMUNIZATION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; RODENT MALARIA; SEQUENCE; SCALE; VACCINATION; INFECTION; IMMUNITY AB We describe a novel approach for identifying target antigens for preerythrocytic malaria vaccines. Our strategy is to rapidly test hundreds of DNA vaccines encoding exons from the Plasmodium yoelii yoelii genomic sequence. In this antigen identification method, we measure reduction in parasite burden in the liver after sporozoite challenge in mice. Orthologs of protective P. y. yoelii genes can then be identified in the genomic databases of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax and investigated as candidate antigens for a human vaccine. A pilot study to develop the antigen identification method approach used 192 P. y. yoelii exons from genes expressed during the sporozoite stage of the life cycle. A total of 182 (94%) exons were successfully cloned into a DNA immunization vector with the Gateway cloning technology. To assess immunization strategies, mice were vaccinated with 19 of the new DNA plasmids in addition to the well-characterized protective plasmid encoding P. y. yoelii circumsporozoite protein. Single plasmid immunization by gene gun identified a novel vaccine target antigen which decreased liver parasite burden by 95% and which has orthologs in P. vivax and P. knowlesi but not P. falciparum. Intramuscular injection of DNA plasmids produced a different pattern of protective responses from those seen with gene gun immunization. Intramuscular immunization with plasmid pools could reduce liver parasite burden in mice despite the fact that none of the plasmids was protective when given individually. We conclude that high-throughput cloning of exons into DNA vaccines and their screening is feasible and can rapidly identify new malaria vaccine candidate antigens. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD USA. St George Hosp, Sch Med, London, England. RP Weiss, WR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM weissw@nmrc.navy.mil OI Witney, Adam/0000-0003-4561-7170 NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 72 IS 3 BP 1594 EP 1602 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.3.1594-1602.2004 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 778ZH UT WOS:000189270800045 PM 14977966 ER PT J AU Luker, A Sternberg, O Hein, H Schulz, J Moller, KD AF Luker, A Sternberg, O Hein, H Schulz, J Moller, KD TI Thick capacitive meshes on polyimide substrates SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE resonant mesh; capacitive; infrared filter; LIGA ID SHAPED METAL MESHES AB Thick capacitive meshes of nickel on substrates of thickness 25 mum have been produced by electroplating into a photoresist mould. The Micro-Stripes program by Flomerics has been used for the interpretation of the experimentally measured far infrared spectrum. The measured reflection resonance mode and the transmission wave guide mode agree well with the analytical predictions. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Mikrostrukturtech, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Appl Sci, D-48565 Steinfurt Munster, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Schulz, J (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Mikrostrukturtech, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM joachim.schulz@imt.fzk.de NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2003.09.005 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 769CL UT WOS:000188608800008 ER PT J AU Smith, AN Calame, JP AF Smith, AN Calame, JP TI Impact of thin film thermophysical properties on thermal management of wide bandgap solid-state transistors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 22-27, 2003 CL Univ Colorado, BOULDER, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO Univ Colorado DE gallium nitride; silicon carbide; thermal management; thin film thermal conductivity; wide bandgap AB Wide bandgap semiconductor solid-state transistors continue to have a wide array of applications that include power supplies, communications, electronic warfare, and multifunctional RF systems. Two viable wide bandgap semiconductor materials currently under investigation are silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN). One interesting aspect of these devices is their ability to operate at elevated temperatures on the order of 500 C. At higher temperatures the heat capacity of semiconductors is constant, while the phonon mean free path is inversely proportional to the lattice temperature. This causes a significant reduction in the thermal conductivity over the operating temperature range. The submicron-scale conducting channels and junctions of wide bandgap devices can create highly localized heat fluxes on the order of several hundred kilowatts per square centimeter. Since these heat fluxes lead to localized hot spots within the electrically critical regions of the transistors, they can have a strong impact on device gain, power capability, and reliability. Quantifying the thermophysical properties of the underlying thin film materials is of critical importance for the accurate prediction of these localized temperature extremes. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, AN (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ansmith@usna.edu NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 25 IS 2 BP 409 EP 422 DI 10.1023/B:IJOT.0000028478.11341.89 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 822HS UT WOS:000221530400011 ER PT J AU Roberts, L AF Roberts, L TI In the shadows of state and capital: The United fruit company, popular struggle, and Agrarian Restructuring in Ecuador, 1900-1995. SO INTERNATIONAL LABOR AND WORKING-CLASS HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Roberts, L (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0147-5479 J9 INT LABOR WORK-CLASS JI Int. Lab. Work.-Class Hist. PD SPR PY 2004 IS 65 BP 216 EP 219 PG 4 WC History; Industrial Relations & Labor SC History; Business & Economics GA 840UL UT WOS:000222885300031 ER PT J AU Goldstein, L Murray, W AF Goldstein, L Murray, W TI Undersea dragons - China's maturing submarine force SO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY LA English DT Review C1 USN, War Coll, Strateg Res Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. USN, War Coll, Warm Gaming Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Goldstein, L (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Strateg Res Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 116 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0162-2889 J9 INT SECURITY JI Int. Secur. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 28 IS 4 BP 161 EP 196 DI 10.1162/0162288041588304 PG 36 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 823NU UT WOS:000221620700005 ER PT J AU Hardman, W AF Hardman, W TI Mechanical and propulsion systems prognostics: US Navy strategy and demonstration SO JOM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Prognosis held at the 132nd TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Propuls & Power Dept, Washington, DC USA. RP Hardman, W (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Propuls & Power Dept, Washington, DC USA. EM william.hardman@navy.mil NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAR PY 2004 VL 56 IS 3 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1007/s11837-004-0028-3 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 806AX UT WOS:000220407900004 ER PT J AU Yang, M Chopra, I Haas, DJ AF Yang, M Chopra, I Haas, DJ TI Vibration prediction for rotor system with faults using coupled rotor-fuselage model SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID NEURAL NETWORKS; DAMAGE AB A coupled rotor-fuselage vibration analysis is formulated to analyze the effect of rotor system faults on fuselage vibrations and rotor-blade displacements in both hover and forward-flight conditions. Two groups of rotor-system faults, adjustable and nonadjustable component faults, are modeled. Results are presented for an SH-60 helicopter and are compared with available flight-test data. A detailed aeroelastic analysis is carried out where each rotor blade is modeled individually such that rotor dissimilarity can be considered. A fuselage NASTRAN model is incorporated and coupled with the rotor model analysis. The centrifugally tuned, hub-mounted bitilar vibration absorbers are also modeled, and the coupled rotor-fuselage-bifilar nonlinear equations are solved using finite element method in space and time. Predicted 1/rev and 4/rev vibrations at pilot and copilot seats showed acceptable trends for magnitude and phase with flight-test data. C1 Univ Maryland, Alfred Gessow Rotorcraft Ctr, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Yang, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Alfred Gessow Rotorcraft Ctr, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 41 IS 2 BP 348 EP 358 DI 10.2514/1.9330 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 811LZ UT WOS:000220774700019 ER PT J AU Shafiq, B Agarwala, VS AF Shafiq, B Agarwala, VS TI Corrosion fatigue in 7075-T6 aluminum: Life prediction issues for carrier-based operations SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID CRACK-GROWTH; PROPAGATION; FREQUENCY AB Fatigue experiments performed on 7075-T6 At alloy at various frequencies and stress levels and under alternating wet and dry, environments indicate that simultaneous action of corrosion and fatigue substantially accelerates crack initiation and growth rates when compared to pure fatigue (dry air) conditions. In experiments performed under alternating wet and dry conditions, fatigue crack growth rate was observed to increase rapidly in the presence of mildly corrosive (salt solution) and decrease sharply when subjected to noncorrosive dry air. Crack arrest of various durations was observed at transition points between dry and wet cycles. Lowering the frequency of fatigue loading significantly reduced crack initiation and overall life time. S-N curves showed a continuous downward trend without reaching a plateau or threshold. These observations led to the conclusion that aircraft structural integrity can be seriously compromised even under mildly aggressive environments and at subcritical stress levels when cracks are present regardless of changing of environments and/or test frequency. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Gen Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Res & Engn Grp, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Shafiq, B (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Gen Engn, Box 9044, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM a_basir@rumac.uprm.edu; agarwalavs@navair.navy.mil NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 41 IS 2 BP 393 EP 398 DI 10.2514/1.9334 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 811LZ UT WOS:000220774700025 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fan, CW Evans, AD Gilles, A AF Chu, PC Fan, CW Evans, AD Gilles, A TI Triple coordinate transforms for prediction of falling cylinder through the water column SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Triple coordinate systems are introduced to predict translation and orientation of falling rigid cylinder through the water column: earth-fixed coordinate (E-coordinate), cylinders main-axis following coordinate (M-coordinote), and hydrodynamic force following coordinate (F-coordinate). Use of the triple coordinate systems and the transforms among them leads to the simplification of the dynamical system. The body and buoyancy forces and their moments are easily calculated using the E-coordinate system. The hydrodynamic forces (such as the drag and lift forces) and their moments are easily computed using the F-coordinate. The cylinders moments of gyration are simply represented using the M-coordinate. Data collected from a cylinder-drop experiment at the Naval Postgraduate School swimming pool in June 2001 show great potential of using the triple coordinate transforms. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 2 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2004 VL 71 IS 2 BP 292 EP 298 DI 10.1115/1.1651093 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 822RV UT WOS:000221558500021 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Myers, M Swanekamp, SB Hegeler, F Sethian, JD AF Friedman, M Myers, M Swanekamp, SB Hegeler, F Sethian, JD TI Initiation and prevention of the transit time instability in large area diodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM DIODES; STABILITY; EMISSION; LASER; FLOW AB Optimum pumping of krypton fluoride (KrF) lasers requires electron beams that are stable against the transit time instability and spatially uniform. Eliminating the enhanced current density (beam halo) along the edges of a large area homogenous electron beam has been achieved by surrounding the flat diode emitting area with a protruding metallic frame. However, modification to eliminate the beam halo can trigger the transit time instability in an otherwise stable diode. Feeding the instability are growing transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waves that propagate along the anode-cathode (AK) gap reflecting back and forth from the protruding frame. Suppressing these TEM waves was achieved by inserting a slab of honeycomb ceramic in front of the emitting cathode. Electron emission was improved and the presence of the dielectric prevented TEM waves from being generated in the cathode-anode gap. Only surface waves can exist and propagate along the AK gap when the ceramic slab is inserted in the diode. These waves do not couple to the electron beam and cannot support the instability. In such a diode no beam halo and no instability were observed. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CTI, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. TITAN JAYCOR, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM friedman@this.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 5 BP 2797 EP 2799 DI 10.1063/1.1642736 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 776VG UT WOS:000189139600094 ER PT J AU Makinen, AJ Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH AF Makinen, AJ Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH TI Electronic structure of a silole derivative-magnesium thin film interface SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; TRANSPORTING MATERIALS; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR; INVERSE PHOTOEMISSION; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; FERMI-LEVEL; SEXIPHENYL; BIPOLARON; CHEMISTRY; ALUMINUM AB Photoemission spectroscopy of an interface between Mg and a silole derivative, 2,5-bis[6(')-(2('),2(")-bipyridyl)]-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenyl silacyclopentadiene (PyPySPyPy) reveals the formation of two gap states both at metal-on-organic (Mg/PyPySPyPy) and organic-on-metal (PyPySPyPy/Mg) interfaces. The appearance of gap states is interpreted as the result of electron transfer from Mg to PyPySPyPy, leading to the formation of a charge transfer complex. A strong correlation found between the metal and organic core level shifts, and the changes in the Fermi level position at the Mg/PyPySPyPy interface further supports the model of charge transfer between the metal and the organic. Despite the similar chemical character of the two interfaces, the binding energy (BE) of the gap states at the PyPySPyPy/Mg interface is 0.2-0.3 eV higher than the gap state BE measured at the reversed interface. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Chisso Corp, Kanagawa 2368605, Japan. RP Makinen, AJ (reprint author), USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ajm@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; kafafi@nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 5 BP 2832 EP 2838 DI 10.1063/1.1643190 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 776VG UT WOS:000189139600100 ER PT J AU Rind, D Shindell, D Perlwitz, J Lerner, J Lonergan, P Lean, J McLinden, C AF Rind, D Shindell, D Perlwitz, J Lerner, J Lonergan, P Lean, J McLinden, C TI The relative importance of solar and anthropogenic forcing of climate change between the Maunder Minimum and the present SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID DOUBLED CO2 CLIMATE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; GREENHOUSE-GAS; TREE-RING; TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY; IRRADIANCE VARIATIONS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; PAST MILLENNIUM; GLOBAL CLIMATE; NORTH-ATLANTIC AB The climate during the Maunder Minimum is compared with current conditions in GCM simulations that include a full stratosphere and parameterized ozone response to solar spectral irradiance variability and trace gas changes. The Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Global Climate/Middle Atmosphere Model (GCMAM) coupled to a q-flux/mixed-layer model is used for the simulations, which begin in 1500 and extend to the present. Experiments were made to investigate the effect of total versus spectrally varying solar irradiance changes; spectrally varying solar irradiance changes on the stratospheric ozone/climate response with both preindustrial and present trace gases; and the impact on climate and stratospheric ozone of the preindustrial trace gases and aerosols by themselves. The results showed that 1) the Maunder Minimum cooling relative to today was primarily associated with reduced anthropogenic radiative forcing, although the solar reduction added 40% to the overall cooling. There is no obvious distinguishing surface climate pattern between the two forcings. 2) The global and tropical response was greater than 1degreesC, in a model with a sensitivity of 1.2degreesC (W m(-2))(-1). To reproduce recent low-end estimates would require a sensitivity one-fourth as large. 3) The global surface temperature change was similar when using the total and spectral irradiance prescriptions, although the tropical response was somewhat greater with the former, and the stratospheric response greater with the latter. 4) Most experiments produce a relative negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation/Arctic Oscillation (NAO/AO) during the Maunder Minimum, with both solar and anthropogenic forcing equally capable, associated with the tropical cooling and relative poleward Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux refraction. 5) A full stratosphere appeared to be necessary for the negative AO/NAO phase, as was the case with this model for global warming experiments, unless the cooling was very large, while the ozone response played a minor role and did not influence surface temperature significantly. 6) Stratospheric ozone was most affected by the difference between present-day and preindustrial atmospheric composition and chemistry, with increases in the upper and lower stratosphere during the Maunder Minimum. While the estimated UV reduction led to ozone decreases, this was generally less important than the anthropogenic effect except in the upper midstratosphere, as judged by two different ozone photochemistry schemes. 7) The effect of the reduced solar irradiance on stratospheric ozone and on climate was similar in Maunder Minimum and current atmospheric conditions. C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. SGT Corp, New York, NY USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. RP Rind, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM drind@giss.nasa.gov RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; McLinden, Chris/A-7710-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442; McLinden, Chris/0000-0001-5054-1380; Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 50 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 17 IS 5 BP 906 EP 929 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0906:TRIOSA>2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 801RX UT WOS:000220114100004 ER PT J AU Via, DK Kyle, RR Trask, JD Shields, CH Mongan, PD AF Via, DK Kyle, RR Trask, JD Shields, CH Mongan, PD TI Using high-fidelity patient simulation and an Advanced Distance Education Network to teach pharmacology to second-year medical students SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ANESTHESIA LA English DT Editorial Material DE anesthesiology; anesthetics, pharmacology of; distance education; simulation ID ANESTHESIOLOGISTS; PERFORMANCE AB The feasibility and acceptance of an Advanced Distance Education Network (ADEN) in bringing the simulated operating room (OR) to second-year medical students learning the pharmacology of anesthetic drugs is reviewed. A MedSim-Eagle (Binghamton, AT) full-scale mannequin simulator was used. Using an ADEN, students were linked in real time to a simulated OR where the anesthesiologist instructor was using a MedSim-Eagle patient simulator to present for discussion the physiologic effects of volatile anesthetics on cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). The use of simulation to present basic science principles of isoflurane and halothane's effect on CO, HR, MAP, and SVR in a clinical setting via an ADEN is feasible. Student acceptance of this method of education is high, as measured by a post-exercise survey. Ninety-five percent of students felt this exercise was a valuable use of their time; 93 % felt the ADEN-delivered clinical simulation presentation contributed to their understanding of the pharmacology of anesthesia. Eighty-three percent of students preferred this integrated clinically oriented review to a didactic review of the material, and 92 % of students who had experienced previous small group hands-on session simulation felt the ADEN-delivered session was the same or better. (C) 2004 by Elsevier Inc. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat Physiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anesthesiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Kyle, RR (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat Physiol & Genet, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM rkyle@usuhs.mil NR 17 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0952-8180 J9 J CLIN ANESTH JI J. Clin. Anesth. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 16 IS 2 BP 144 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.jclinane.2003.09.001 PG 8 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 818XJ UT WOS:000221277500016 PM 15110381 ER PT J AU Gondarenko, NA Guzdar, PN Ossakow, SL Bernhardt, PA AF Gondarenko, NA Guzdar, PN Ossakow, SL Bernhardt, PA TI Perfectly matched layers for radio wave propagation in inhomogeneous magnetized plasmas SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IONOSPHERIC REFLECTION REGION; SPORADIC-E; EQUATIONS; PATTERN; MEDIA AB We present I D and 2D numerical models of the propagation of high-frequency (HF) radio waves in inhomogeneous magnetized plasmas. The simulations allow one to describe the process of linear conversion of HF electromagnetic waves into electrostatic waves. The waves, launched from the lower boundary normally or at a specified angle on a layer of a magnetoactive plasma, can undergo linear conversion of the incident O-mode into a Z-mode at appropriate locations in an inhomogeneous prescribed plasma density. The numerical scheme for solving 2D HF wave propagation equations is described. The model employed the Maxwellian perfectly matched layers (PML) technique for approximating nonreflecting boundary conditions. Our numerical studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the PML technique for transparent boundary conditions for an open-domain problem. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gondarenko, NA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ngondare@umd.edu NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 194 IS 2 BP 481 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.09.013 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 800LO UT WOS:000220030000005 ER PT J AU Raj, GV Auge, BK Assimos, D Preminger, GM AF Raj, GV Auge, BK Assimos, D Preminger, GM TI Metabolic abnormalities associated with renal calculi in patients with horseshoe kidneys SO JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th World Congress on Endourology, SWL and Other Minimally Invasive Techiques CY SEP 19-22, 2002 CL Genoa, ITALY ID URETEROPELVIC JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION; SHOCK-WAVE LITHOTRIPSY; PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY; UROLITHIASIS; EXPERIENCE; MANAGEMENT; REMOVAL; VOLUME AB Background and Purpose: Horseshoe kidneys are a complex anatomic variant of fused kidneys, with a 20% reported incidence of associated calculi. Anatomic causes such as high insertion of the ureter on the renal pelvis and obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction are thought to contribute to stone formation via impaired drainage, with urinary stasis, and an increased incidence of infection. In this multi-institutional study, we evaluated whether metabolic factors contributed to stone development in patients with horseshoe kidneys. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of 37 patients with horseshoe kidneys was performed to determine if these patients had metabolic derangements that might have contributed to calculus formation. Stone compositions as well as 24-hour urine collections were examined. Specific data points of interest were total urine volume; urine pH; urine concentrations of calcium, sodium, uric acid, oxalate, and citrate; and number of abnormalities per patient per 24-hour urine collection. These data were compared with those of a group of 13 patients with stones in caliceal diverticula as well as 24 age-, race-, and sex-matched controls with stones in anatomically normal kidneys. Results: Eleven (9 men and 2 women) of the 37 patients (30%) with renal calculi in horseshoe kidneys had complete metabolic evaluations available for review. All patients were noted to have at least one abnormality, with an average of 2.68 abnormalities per 24-hour urine collection (range 1-4). One patient had primary hyperparathyroidism and underwent a parathyroidectomy. Low urine volumes were noted in eight patients on at least one of the two specimens (range 350-1640 mL/day). Hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria, and hypocitraturia were noted in seven, three, six, and six patients, respectively. No patients were found to have gouty diathesis or developed cystine stones. Comparative metabolic analyses of patients with renal calculi in caliceal diverticula or normal kidneys revealed a distinct profile in patients with horseshoe kidneys, with a higher incidence of hypocitraturia. Conclusions: All patients with renal calculi in horseshoe kidneys were noted to have metabolic abnormalities predisposing to stone formation. In this initial series of 11 patients, hypovolemia, hypercalcuria and hypocitraturia were most common metabolic defects. These findings suggest that metabolic derangements play a role in stone formation in patients with a horseshoe kidney. Patients with calculi in anatomically abnormal kidneys should be considered for a metabolic evaluation to identify their stone-forming risk factors in order to initiate preventative selective medical therapy and reduce the risk of recurrent calculus formation. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Urol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. RP Preminger, GM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Urol, Box 3167,Room 1572D White Zone, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM glenn.premminger@duke.edu RI Preminger, Glenn/B-3990-2011 OI Preminger, Glenn/0000-0003-4287-602X NR 18 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0892-7790 J9 J ENDOUROL JI J. Endourol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1089/089277904322959798 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 809WS UT WOS:000220667400006 PM 15072623 ER PT J AU Hoots, FR Schumacher, PW Glover, RA AF Hoots, FR Schumacher, PW Glover, RA TI History of analytical orbit modeling in the US space surveillance system SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE; THEORETICAL EVALUATION; MOTION; DRAG C1 AT&T, Appl Technol, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. USN, Network & Space Operat Command, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. AT&T, Space & Logist Program, Colorado Springs, CO 80915 USA. RP Hoots, FR (reprint author), AT&T, Appl Technol, 1900 Gallows Rd, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. NR 24 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 27 IS 2 BP 174 EP 185 DI 10.2514/1.9161 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 802UP UT WOS:000220188700002 ER PT J AU Brennan, T AF Brennan, T TI The making of revolutionary Paris. SO JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brennan, T (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0022-1953 J9 J INTERDISCIPL HIST JI J. Interdiscip. Hist. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 34 IS 4 BP 640 EP 642 DI 10.1162/jinh.2004.34.4.640 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 843QW UT WOS:000223100500024 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Archer, LA Mott, PH Sanchez-Reyes, J AF Roland, CM Archer, LA Mott, PH Sanchez-Reyes, J TI Determining Rouse relaxation times from the dynamic modulus of entangled polymers SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SOFTENING ZONE; SHEAR-FLOW; BIREFRINGENCE; BEHAVIOR; LIQUIDS; POLYSTYRENE; SYSTEMS AB Different methods of finding the Rouse relaxation times tau(e), demarcating the onset of entanglement effects, were evaluated for entangled solutions of high molecular weight polystyrene in diethyl phthalate. Five expressions were utilized, involving variously the zero shear viscosity, the storage modulus at frequencies just beyond the rubbery plateau, the terminal Andrade creep region in the retardation spectrum, and the recoverable creep compliance. Values Of tau(e) determined by a procedure which assumes that the deformation modes are additive in the strain were substantially larger than the Rouse times extracted from the storage modulus by assuming stress additivity. (C) 2004 The Society of Rheology. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 23 PU JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 2 BP 395 EP 403 DI 10.1122/1.1645516 PG 9 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 801CI UT WOS:000220073600007 ER PT J AU Enad, JG Elattrache, NS Tibone, JE Yocum, LA AF Enad, JG Elattrache, NS Tibone, JE Yocum, LA TI Isolated electrothermal capsulorrhaphy in overhand athletes SO JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY LA English DT Article ID ANTERIOR CAPSULOLABRAL RECONSTRUCTION; CAPSULAR SHIFT PROCEDURE; SHOULDER INSTABILITY; MULTIDIRECTIONAL INSTABILITY; THROWING ATHLETE; ASSISTED CAPSULORRHAPHY; THERMAL CAPSULORRHAPHY; ARTHROSCOPIC TREATMENT; INTERNAL IMPINGEMENT; BANKART PROCEDURE AB The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of arthroscopic electrothermal capsulorrhaphy for the treatment of instability in overhand athletes. Electra-thermal copsulorrhophy without labral repair was used to treat 20 symptomatic overhand athletes (15 baseball, 3 softball, and 2 volleyball). Nineteen patients were evaluated at a mean of 23 months. Overall Rowe results were 10 excellent, 4 good, 2 fair, and 3 poor, with a mean score of 82. The overall mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score was 85.7 (mean pain score, 42.2; mean score for activities of daily living, 43.5). Two failures (ten percent) required open shoulder stabilization. Ten athletes returned to their prior level of sport, three returned to a lower level, and six were unable to return to their sport. These preliminary results indicate that treatment of the overhand athlete with isolated electrothermal capsulorrhaphy is favorable but does not reproduce the success of open surgery. Overall recurrence and failure rates were high. Instability in overhand athletes may require something other than isolated electrothermal copsulorrhophy to address laxity. C1 Kerlan Jobe Orthopaed Clin, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Enad, JG (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM igenad@mar.med.navy.mil NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1058-2746 J9 J SHOULDER ELB SURG JI J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.jse.2003.11.005 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 804AX UT WOS:000220272700002 PM 14997087 ER PT J AU Brennan, T AF Brennan, T TI Craze: Gin and debauchery in an age of reason. SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brennan, T (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV PRESS PI PITTSBURGH PA CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV J SOCIAL HIST, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA SN 0022-4529 J9 J SOC HIST JI J. Soc. Hist. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 37 IS 3 BP 774 EP 776 DI 10.1353/jsh.2004.0002 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 804XW UT WOS:000220332400011 ER PT J AU Moore, FG Hymer, TC AF Moore, FG Hymer, TC TI 2002 Version of the Aeroprediction Code (AP02) SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION AB The 2002 Version of the Aeroprediction Code (AP02) has been developed to address the requirements arising from advanced weapon concepts. The AP02 was formed by adding significant new technology and several productivity improvements to the 1993 Version of the Aeroprediction Code (AP93). New technology added included six- and eight-fin aerodynamics, improved nonlinear aerodynamics, improved pitch damping predictions, improved power-on-base drag estimates, base-bleed effect on base drag estimation, improved axial force of nonaxisymmetric bodies, and trailing-edge flap capability. Other improvements and productivity enhancements include an aerodynamic smoother, ballistic, and three-degree-of-freedom simulation modules, as well as refinements for the pre- and postprocessor for inputs and outputs of the AP02. Comparison of the predicted aerodynamics of the AP02 to. AP98 and experimental data showed the AP02 to be slightly better than the AP98 in most cases that both codes would handle. However, due to the additional new technology incorporated into the AP02, many new options are available in the AP02 that are not available in the AP98. Therefore, the AP02 is more robust and, on average, is slightly more accurate than the AP98 in predicting aerodynamics of weapons. C1 Aeropredict Inc, King George, VA 22485 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Weap Syst Dept, Missile Syst Div,Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Moore, FG (reprint author), Aeropredict Inc, 9449 Grover Dr,Suite 201, King George, VA 22485 USA. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 41 IS 2 BP 232 EP 247 DI 10.2514/1.9196 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 813PY UT WOS:000220920200009 ER PT J AU Wills, LM Kordon, F Luqi AF Wills, LM Kordon, F Luqi TI Rapid system prototyping SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Paris 06, Dept Comp Sci, F-75252 Paris 05, France. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wills, LM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM linda.wills@ece.gatech.edu; fabrice.kordon@lip6.fr; luql@cs.nps.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0164-1212 J9 J SYST SOFTWARE JI J. Syst. Softw. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3 BP 225 EP 227 DI 10.1016/S0164-1212(03)00070-0 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 774XR UT WOS:000189012100001 ER PT J AU Photiadis, DM Marcus, MH AF Photiadis, DM Marcus, MH TI A pole-zero representation for the admittance matrix of elastic beam and plate systems SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CYLINDRICAL-SHELL; SCATTERING; VECTORS AB The behavior of coupled elastic systems is often analyzed in terms of the admittances or impedances of the component systems. In many applications, the admittances are approximated by a small number of simple oscillators; i.e., a low-order truncation of the normal-mode expansion. Such an approach is reasonable in the neighborhood of system resonances, but is much less convenient and accurate in the neighborhood of antiresonances. Pole-zero product expansions of the sort employed in circuit analysis offer a potential means of improving the accuracy of low-order approximations. The validity of such representations of the admittance matrix is explored here, and it is noted that in general the off-diagonal components cannot be written in this fashion. Nevertheless, it is shown below that the entire admittance matrix of beam and plate strip systems can always be represented in the pole-zero product form. Further, the representation is shown to be valid even when the beam or plate is coupled to an arbitrary conservative elastic structure. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Photiadis, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM douglas.photiadis@nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 115 IS 3 BP 1170 EP 1178 DI 10.1121/1.1649331 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 801DF UT WOS:000220075900024 ER PT J AU Liu, HW Runkle, P Carin, L Yoder, T Giddings, T Couchman, L Bucaro, J AF Liu, HW Runkle, P Carin, L Yoder, T Giddings, T Couchman, L Bucaro, J TI Classification of distant targets situated near channel bottoms SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; SCATTERING DATA; IDENTIFICATION; PURSUITS AB Identification algorithms are considered for a class of targets situated near the bottom of a water channel. It is assumed that the target-sensor distance relative to the channel depth is such that a ray-based representation of the scattered fields is appropriate (vis-a-vis a modal representation). Two approaches are considered for processing the scattered fields. In one algorithm a deconvolution is performed to remove the channel response, and thereby recover the free-field target scattered signature. In this case the classifier is trained based on free-field data. In the second approach the array receiver is employed to point the sensor in particular directions, and the beam-formed signal is used directly in the subsequent classifier. In this case the classifier must be trained based on in-channel data. Multiple scattered signals are measured, from a sequence of target-sensor orientations, with the waveforms classified via a hidden Markov model. Example results are presented for scattering data simulated via the finite-element method and coupled to a normal-mode waveguide modal, for elastic targets situated in a water channel. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Metron Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, HW (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM lcarin@ee.duke.edu RI L, Hw/G-9265-2012 OI L, Hw/0000-0003-4247-9454 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 115 IS 3 BP 1185 EP 1197 DI 10.1121/1.1643363 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 801DF UT WOS:000220075900026 ER PT J AU McFarland, MJ Watkins, JW Kordich, MM Pollet, DA Palmer, GR AF McFarland, MJ Watkins, JW Kordich, MM Pollet, DA Palmer, GR TI Use of noise attenuation modeling in managing missile motor detonation activities SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Sound Intensity Prediction System (SIPS) and Blast Operation Overpressure Model (BOOM) are semiempirical sound models that are employed by the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR) to predict whether noise levels from the detonation of large missile motors will exceed regulatory thresholds. Field validation of SIPS confirmed that the model was effective in limiting the number of detonations of large missile motors that could potentially result in a regulatory noise exceedance. Although the SIPS accurately predicted the impact of weather on detonation noise propagation, regulators have required that the more conservative BOOM model be employed in conjunction with SIPS in evaluating peak noise levels in populated areas. By simultaneously considering the output of both models, in 2001, UTTR detonated 104 missile motors having net explosive weights (NEW) that ranged between 14,960 and 38,938 lb without a recorded public noise complaint. Based on the encouraging results, the U.S. Department of Defense is considering expanding the application of these noise models to support the detonation of missile motors having a NEW of 81,000 lb. Recent modeling results suggest that, under appropriate weather conditions, missile motors containing up to 96,000 lb NEW can be detonated at the UTTR without exceeding the regulatory noise limit of 134 decibels (dB). C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Weapon Integrat & Technol Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. USAF, Hill Air Force Base, Environm Management Compliance Div, Ogden, UT USA. RP McFarland, MJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 130 South 1000 East, River Hts, UT 84321 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 54 IS 3 BP 342 EP 351 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 800LR UT WOS:000220030300008 PM 15061615 ER PT J AU Lipstreuer, KE Hardaway, C AF Lipstreuer, KE Hardaway, C TI Study of actinic granuloma annulare in a middle-aged woman SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Dermatology CY FEB 06-11, 2004 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Acad Dermatol C1 USN, Med Batal 2D, FSSG 2D, Swansboro, NC USA. Naval Hosp Camp LeJeune, Dept Dermatol, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 50 IS 3 SU S MA P193 BP P50 EP P50 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2003.10.197 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 802CC UT WOS:000220140600191 ER PT J AU Schoeler, GB Schleich, SS Manweiler, SA Sifuentes, VL AF Schoeler, GB Schleich, SS Manweiler, SA Sifuentes, VL TI Evaluation of surveillance devices for monitoring Aedes Aegypti in an urban area of northeastern Peru SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; traps; surveillance devices ID 1-OCTEN-3-OL; DENGUE; TRAPS; FAY; CDC AB In this study, we assessed the efficacy of the American Biophysics Corporation Standard Professional (ABC-PRO) light trap, the Omni-Directional Fay-Prince trap (with and without CO,), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wilton trap as a means of evaluating populations of adult Aedes aegypti in an urban area of northeastern Peru. Efficacies of collections from each of the trap types were compared to backpack-aspirator collections and human-landing collections. Collections were conducted twice daily, 3 days per week, for 27 wk from July 2001 to July 2002. Backpack-aspirator collections yielded significantly more mosquitoes (1,764) than any of the other collecting methods with a mean of 21.80 mosquitoes collected per sampling period. This method was less specific for Ae. aegypti than were human-landing collections because only 28.3% of mosquitoes collected with backpack aspirators were Ae. aegypti. Human-landing collections yielded only 23% (554/2,411) of the total mosquitoes collected. However, more than 80% (445/554) of the mosquitoes collected by this method were Ae. aegypti. None of the trapping devices evaluated collected mosquitoes, specifically Ae. aegypti, as effectively as backpack-aspirator or human-landing collections. The ABC-PRO trap, which was the most effective device in collecting mosquitoes, particularly Ae. aegypti, collected less than 2% of the total mosquitoes (mean of 0.12 mosquitoes/sampling period), and less than 3% of total Ae. aegypti (mean of 0.11 Ae. aegypti/sampling period). We conclude that none of the trap devices evaluated in this study is an acceptable alternative to backpack-aspirator or human-landing collections for monitoring populations of adult Ae. aegypti in Peru. C1 USN, Med Res Detachment, Dept Entomol, APO, AA 34031 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Metropolitan Mosquito Control Dist, St Paul, MN 55104 USA. RP Schoeler, GB (reprint author), USN, Med Res Detachment, Dept Entomol, APO, AA 34031 USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 6 EP 11 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 805LC UT WOS:000220366800002 PM 15088699 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Bedford, CD del Rio, JA Cortes, HD Karypis, G AF Kostoff, RN Bedford, CD del Rio, JA Cortes, HD Karypis, G TI Macromolecule mass spectrometry: Citation mining of user documents SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-LASER DESORPTION; ELECTROSPRAY ION-SOURCE; DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY; IONIZATION; BIBLIOMETRICS; INFORMATION; PROTEINS; PHYSICS; TRENDS AB Identifying research users, applications, and impact is important for research performers, managers, evaluators, and sponsors. Identification of the user audience and the research impact is complex and time consuming due to the many indirect pathways through which fundamental research can impact applications. This paper identified the literature pathways through which two highly-cited papers of 2002 Chemistry Nobel Laureates Fenn and Tanaka impacted research, technology development, and applications. Citation Mining, an integration of citation bibliometrics and text mining, was applied to the >1600 first generation Science Citation Index (SCI) citing papers to Fenn's 1989 Science paper on Electrospray Ionization for Mass Spectrometry, and to the >400 first generation SCI citing papers to Tanaka's 1988 Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry paper on Laser Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Bibliometrics was performed on the citing papers to profile the user characteristics. Text mining was performed on the citing papers to identify the technical areas impacted by the research, and the relationships among these technical areas. (C) 2004 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Nacl Mexico, Ctr Invest Energia, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil RI del Rio Portilla, Jesus Antonio/C-2125-2009; Cortes, Hector/D-1749-2011 OI del Rio Portilla, Jesus Antonio/0000-0001-6180-0608; NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 15 IS 3 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2003.11.010 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 800JB UT WOS:000220023500001 PM 14998530 ER PT J AU Moul, JW Wu, HY Sun, L McLeod, DG Amling, C Donahue, T Kusuda, L Sexton, W O'Reilly, K Hernandez, J Chung, A Soderdahl, D AF Moul, JW Wu, HY Sun, L McLeod, DG Amling, C Donahue, T Kusuda, L Sexton, W O'Reilly, K Hernandez, J Chung, A Soderdahl, D TI Early versus delayed hormonal therapy for prostate specific antigen only recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; recurrence; prostate-specific antigen; hormones; prostatectomy ID OF-DEFENSE CENTER; ANDROGEN SUPPRESSION; PSA; PROGRESSION; DATABASE; ERA AB Purpose: Hormonal therapy (HT) is the current mainstay of systemic treatment for prostate specific antigen (PSA) only recurrence (PSAR), however, there is virtually no published literature comparing HT to observation in the clinical setting. The goal of this study was to examine the Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research observational database to compare clinical outcomes in men who experienced PSAR after radical prostatectomy by early versus delayed use of HT and by a risk stratified approach. Materials and Methods: Of 5,382 men in the database who underwent primary radical prostatectomy (RP), 4,967 patients were treated in the PSA-era between 1988 and December 2002. Of those patients 1,352 men who had PSAR (PSA after surgery greater than 0.2 ng/ml) and had postoperative followup greater than 6 months were used as the study cohort. These patients were further divided into an early HT group in which patients (355) received HT after PSA only recurrence but before clinical metastasis and a late HT group for patients (997) who received no HT before clinical metastasis or by current followup. The primary end point was the development of clinical metastases. Of the 1,352 patients with PSAR clinical metastases developed in 103 (7.6%). Patients were also stratified by surgical Gleason sum, PSA doubling time and timing of recurrence. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the effect of early and late HT on clinical outcome. Results: Early HT was associated with delayed clinical metastasis in patients with a pathological Gleason sum greater than 7 or PSA doubling time of 12 months or less (Hazards ratio = 2.12, p = 0.01). However, in the overall cohort early HT did not impact clinical metastases. Race, age at RP and PSA at diagnosis had no effect on metastasis-free survival (p >0.05). Conclusions: The retrospective observational multicenter database analysis demonstrated that early HT administered for PSAR after prior RP was an independent predictor of delayed clinical metastases only for high-risk cases at the current followup. Further study with longer followup and randomized trials are needed to address this important issue. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prosate Dis Res, Dept Surg, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Urol, Bethesda, MD USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Portsmouth, VA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Augusta, GA USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prosate Dis Res, Dept Surg, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM jmoul@cpdr.org NR 20 TC 157 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 171 IS 3 BP 1141 EP 1147 DI 10.1097/01.JU.0000113794.34810.D0 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 774DU UT WOS:000188965100026 PM 14767288 ER PT J AU Motayed, A Jah, M Sharma, A Anderson, WT Litton, CW Mohammad, SN AF Motayed, A Jah, M Sharma, A Anderson, WT Litton, CW Mohammad, SN TI Two-step surface treatment technique: Realization of nonalloyed low-resistance Ti/Al/Ti/Au ohmic contact to n-GaN SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID P-TYPE GAN; RESISTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; SEMICONDUCTORS; NITRIDE AB A novel two-step surface treatment method has been developed to realize low resistance nonalloyed ohmic contact to n-type GaN doped with Si to 6 x 10(17) cm(-3). The removal of native oxide (oxides and hydroxides) formed on GaN surface is crucial for successful creation of nonalloyed low resistance ohmic contact. In the case of GaN, plasma etching of the material surface prior to metal deposition holds promise for developing such nonalloyed ohmic contacts. In this article, the effects of the postetch chemical treatment of the n-type GaN surface on the Ti based nonalloyed contact performance have been investigated. Contacts on samples without reactive ion etching (RIE) showed Schottky behavior. However, contacts on samples with 15 s of RIE using Cl-2 showed ohmic behavior. The contact resistivity of this contact reached to rho(s) = 1.2 x 10(-3) Omega cm(2). Treating the RIE etched sample in boiling aqua regia for 5 min yielded a contact resistivity on the order of 3.6 x 10(-4) Omega cm(2) . Dramatic improvement in current-voltage characteristics was observed after boiling RIE etched samples in KOH for 5 min. It yielded contact resistivity oil the order of rho(s)similar to7 x 10(-5) Omega cm(2). which is comparable to the contact resistivity of alloyed contacts. It was demonstrated, for the first time, that chemical treatment of postetched GaN surfaces employing KOH is very promising, for new generation of nonalloyed ohmic contacts. This study suggested that the reduction of contact resistivity results from the effective removal of surface oxides and hydroxides, which act as an impeding barrier for electron transport. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Component Technol Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Elect Res Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 2300 6th St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com NR 23 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 663 EP 667 DI 10.1116/1.1667506 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 816ED UT WOS:000221092300037 ER PT J AU Bennett, BR Tinkham, BP Boos, JB Lange, MD Tsai, R AF Bennett, BR Tinkham, BP Boos, JB Lange, MD Tsai, R TI Materials growth for InAs high electron mobility transistors and circuits SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; INAS/ALSB QUANTUM-WELLS; BEAM EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; ALSB/INAS HEMTS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; IMPACT IONIZATION; LOW-VOLTAGE; ALSB; LAYER; CONDUCTANCE AB High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with InAs channels and antimonide barriers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Both Si and Te were successfully employed as n-type dopants. Sheet resistances of 90-150 Omega/square were routinely achieved on a variety of heterostructures with nonuniformities as low as 1.5% across a 75 mm wafer. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the InAs channels are in tension, coherently strained to the Al(Ga)Sb buffer layers. Atomic force microscopy measurements demonstrate that the surfaces are relatively smooth, with rms roughness of 8-26 Angstrom over a 5 x 5 mum(2) area. These results demonstrate that the growth of InAs HEMTs has progressed to the point that the fabrication of circuits should be feasible. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northrop Grumman Space Technol Inc, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Bennett, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brian.bennett@nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 29 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 688 EP 694 DI 10.1116/1.1667507 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 816ED UT WOS:000221092300042 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Perry, MD Gottshall, EL Cwalina, DS AF Chu, PC Perry, MD Gottshall, EL Cwalina, DS TI Satellite data assimilation for improvement of naval undersea capability SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB Impact of satellite data assimilation on naval undersea capability is investigated using ocean hydrographic products without and with satellite data assimilation. The former is the Navy's Global Digital Environmental Model (GDEM), providing a monthly mean, the latter is the Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) providing synoptic analyses based upon satellite data. The two environmental datasets are taken as the input into the Weapon Acoustic Preset Program to determine the suggested presets for an Mk 48 torpedo. The acoustic coverage area generated by the program will be used as the metric to compare the two sets of outputs. The output presets were created for two different scenarios, an anti-surface warfare (ASUW) and an anti-submarine warfare (ASW), and three different depth bands, shallow, mid and deep. After analyzing the output, it became clear that there was a great difference in the presets for the shallow depth band and that as depth increased, the difference between the presets decreased. Therefore, the MODAS product, and in turn the satellite data assimilation had greatest impact in the shallow depth band. The ASW presets also seemed to be slightly less sensitive to differences than did presets in the ASUW scenario. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Space & Naval Warfare Syst Command, San Diego, CA USA. Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 38 IS 1 BP 12 EP 23 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 827MT UT WOS:000221904700004 ER PT J AU Nasr, V AF Nasr, V TI Military rule, Islamism and democracy in Pakistan SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Pakistan's politics has been shaped by the dynamics of civilian-military relations and Islamism's relation to the state. This has created an ongoing negotiation for power in which the military, civilian politicians, and Islamist forces have individually and in alliance with one another vied for control of Pakistan's politics. General Pervez Musharraf's regime has been no exception to this trend. As its claim to secular military rule proved untenable, it has turned to rely on Islamist forces to manage civilian-military relations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Nasr, V (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N STREET NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 58 IS 2 BP 195 EP 209 PG 15 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 817EJ UT WOS:000221160500002 ER PT J AU Robinson, GE AF Robinson, GE TI The Palestinians: In search of a just peace SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Robinson, GE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N STREET NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 58 IS 2 BP 309 EP 310 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 817EJ UT WOS:000221160500013 ER PT J AU Looney, R AF Looney, R TI Petroeuros: A threat to US interests in the Gulf? SO MIDDLE EAST POLICY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Looney, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1061-1924 J9 MIDDLE EAST POLICY JI Middle East Policy PD SPR PY 2004 VL 11 IS 1 BP 26 EP 37 DI 10.1111/j.1061-1924.2004.00139.x PG 12 WC Area Studies; International Relations SC Area Studies; International Relations GA 803BW UT WOS:000220207600004 ER PT J AU Hebert, DJ Pasque, CB AF Hebert, DJ Pasque, CB TI Orthopedic injuries during carrier battle group deployments SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NAVY; ACCIDENTS; ABOARD AB Orthopedic injuries account for a large number of sick call visits during carrier battle group (CBG) deployments. The purpose of this study was to profile the orthopedic injuries during two CBG deployments to help both the line and medical communities better prepare their personnel and supplies. The current study confirmed that orthopedic injuries resulted in the greatest number of sick call visits to the CBG medical departments. Injury analysis revealed a significant number of hand/wrist and back/neck injuries during both carrier deployments. The groups with the highest number of injuries were the air squadrons and aircrews. These findings support the need for continued increased training and supplies for the care of orthopedic injuries. Emphasis should be placed on the care of hand/wrist and back/neck injuries. In addition, all CBG personnel should continue to improve their safety standards, especially in high-risk areas such as the aviation departments. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg & Rehabil, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. RP Hebert, DJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 169 IS 3 BP 176 EP 180 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IR UT WOS:000235829300003 PM 15080233 ER PT J AU Conway, TL Woodruff, SI Edwards, CC Elder, JP Hurtado, SL Hervig, LK AF Conway, TL Woodruff, SI Edwards, CC Elder, JP Hurtado, SL Hervig, LK TI Operation stay quit: Evaluation of two smoking relapse prevention strategies for women after involuntary cessation during US navy recruit training SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; UNITED-STATES; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; RESPONSE RATES; YOUNG-WOMEN; POLICY; MILITARY; BEHAVIOR; INTERVENTION; PREVALENCE AB The present study evaluated two relapse-prevention interventions intended to help women smokers maintain the "quit status" mandated during Navy basic training. Women with any smoking experience before entering the Navy (N = 2,781) were assigned to either a control group or to one of two intervention groups (access to a telephone help line or receive a series of monthly mailings) after graduating from basic training. Smoking/quit rates at 3, 6, and 12 months after graduation were assessed with mailed surveys. Response rates to the surveys ranged from 39% to 52%. There were no phone or mail intervention effects: cessation rates for the three conditions at the 12-month follow-up were 43% for control, 45% for the mail intervention, and 41% for the phone intervention. Results suggest the need for more aggressive relapse-prevention efforts, although quit rates were higher than expected "spontaneous" quit rates, indicating an impact of the totally smoke-free recruit training environment. C1 San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Conway, TL (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, 9245 Sky Pk Court,Suite 120, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. NR 61 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 9 U2 9 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 169 IS 3 BP 236 EP 242 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IR UT WOS:000235829300016 PM 15080246 ER PT J AU Garth, TS AF Garth, TS TI Voice-overs: Translations and Latin American literature SO MLN LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Garth, TS (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0026-7910 J9 MLN JI MLN PD MAR PY 2004 VL 119 IS 2 BP 388 EP 392 DI 10.1353/mln.2004.0094 PG 5 WC Literary Theory & Criticism SC Literature GA 837CC UT WOS:000222603600013 ER PT J AU Grath, TS AF Grath, TS TI Invisible work: Borges and translation SO MLN LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Grath, TS (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0026-7910 J9 MLN JI MLN PD MAR PY 2004 VL 119 IS 2 BP 388 EP 392 PG 5 WC Literary Theory & Criticism SC Literature GA 837CC UT WOS:000222603600014 ER PT J AU Hoffer, ME Gottshall, KR Moore, R Balough, BJ Wester, D AF Hoffer, ME Gottshall, KR Moore, R Balough, BJ Wester, D TI Characterizing and treating dizziness after mild head trauma SO OTOLOGY & NEUROTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE traumatic brain injury (TBI); migraines; dizziness; vertigo; positional vertigo; vestibular rehabilitation ID BRAIN-INJURY; HISTORY AB Objective: The objectives of this study were to characterize patterns of dizziness seen after mild head trauma and to examine the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. Study Design: Prospective patient registry. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: Fifty-eight cases of active duty and retired military personnel who sustained mild head trauma and had resultant dizziness. Interventions: Vestibular evaluation, characterization by group, and treatment. Main Outcome Measures: Outcome measures include characterization of diagnosis types, patient distribution by diagnosis type, and patient outcome. Results: Individuals suffering from dizziness after mild head injury were divided into three diagnostic groups. Forty-one percent of the individuals suffered from posttraumatic vestibular migraines, 28% of the individuals had posttraumatic positional vertigo, and 19% of the individuals were classified as posttraumatic spatial disorientation. The remaining 12% of the patients could not be characterized. The positional group had objective physical examination findings, which cleared with treatment in all cases. The migraine group of patients and the disorientation group of patients had distinct abnormalities of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and the vestibulo-spinal reflex (VSR). Eighty-four percent of the migraine group demonstrated an improvement of these test results as compared with 27% of the disorientation group. Mean time to return to work was less than 1 week for the positional group, 3.8 weeks for the migraine group, and greater than 3 months for the disorientation group. Conclusions: Using our patient registry of individuals suffering from dizziness after mild head trauma, we were able to characterize the majority of these cases into one of three more specific diagnostic groups. We present diagnostic criteria, suggested treatment guidelines, and our prognostic data. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Dept Def,Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Hoffer, ME (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Dept Def,Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM mehoffer@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 13 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1531-7129 J9 OTOL NEUROTOL JI Otol. Neurotol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 25 IS 2 BP 135 EP 138 DI 10.1097/00129492-200403000-00009 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 803XJ UT WOS:000220263500009 PM 15021772 ER PT J AU Horman, SR AF Horman, SR TI Vessel marking SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Horman, SR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 USA SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTON SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 45 EP 45 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 803QQ UT WOS:000220246000025 ER PT J AU Ortner, G Bayer, M Kress, A Forchel, A Lyanda-Geller, YB Reinecke, TL AF Ortner, G Bayer, M Kress, A Forchel, A Lyanda-Geller, YB Reinecke, TL TI Electric field control of exciton states in quantum dot molecules SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures (MSS11) CY JUL 14-18, 2003 CL Nara, JAPAN DE quantum dot molecule; coupling; electric field control AB Semiconductor nanostructures have attracted considerable interest during the recent years in view of the potential application in,quantum information processing. In particular, quantum dots have been suggested to fulfill an essential requirement for quantum computation: controllable interaction that couples two quantum dot qubits. Previous experiments on two vertically aligned quantum dots have demonstrated the formation of coupled exciton states. We show that this coupling between two In0.60Ga0.40As/GaAs quantum dots can be tuned by an electric field applied along the molecule axis. This controllable coupling in such a relatively simple configuration could be implemented in a solid-state-based quantum device. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ortner, G (reprint author), Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. EM gerhard.ortner@physik.uni-dortmund.de OI Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD MAR PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2-4 BP 171 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2003.11.011 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 812XX UT WOS:000220873300004 ER PT J AU Bernstein, N Tadmor, EB AF Bernstein, N Tadmor, EB TI Tight-binding calculations of stacking energies and twinnability in fcc metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LEAD SINGLE CRYSTALS; FAULT ENERGIES; 1ST PRINCIPLES; NOBLE-METALS; CRACK-TIP; DEFORMATION; ALUMINUM; ALLOYS; IRIDIUM AB We calculate the material properties needed to evaluate the tendency of a face-centered-cubic (fcc) metal to plastically deform by forming crystallographic twins as opposed to dislocation-mediated slip. We refer to this property as the twinnability of the metal. We use a formulation for twinnability derived from a coupling of continuum mechanics with an atomistic stress-slip relation. The essential quantities for evaluating the twinnability are elastic constants, which are measurable experimentally, and energies for various stacking sequences of the fcc (111) planes. These stacking sequences include the intrinsic stacking fault configuration as well as the unstable-stacking energy and unstable-twinning energy configurations which can only be determined computationally. We use a tight-binding model to evaluate the necessary stacking energies, as well as the extrinsic stacking fault energy and twin-boundary energy, for eight fcc metals. The accuracy of the tight-binding parameters is established by comparing them with first-principles values obtained through an extensive study of the literature. The results of the literature survey are included in the paper as a resource for the reader. We show that the ranking of these metals in order of twinnability agrees with available experimental results. We reproduce the low incidence of deformation twinning in Al, and explain it in terms of the material parameters using an approximation to the twinnability expression. We also predict that Pd, which has not been studied experimentally, should twin as easily as Cu. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Bernstein, N (reprint author), USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 57 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 5 U2 60 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 094116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.094116 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AQ UT WOS:000220812800049 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Roland, CM TI Excess wing in the dielectric loss spectra of propylene glycol oligomers at elevated pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; VISCOUS LIQUIDS; COUPLING MODEL; D-SORBITOL AB Dielectric loss spectra at both ambient and elevated pressure are presented for propylene glycol (PG), dipropylene glycol, and tripropylene glycol. While in previous literature the excess wing (EW) was observed only for PG, we show herein that under high pressure an EW (coexistent with a secondary beta relaxation) is present for all these materials. Furthermore, at higher pressures the EW evolves into a well-separated peak. The pressure sensitivity of the EW is very different from that of the beta relaxation, being close to that of the structural relaxation, whereas the beta peak is virtually insensitive to pressure. These differences imply a very different degree of intermolecularity of the underlying motions. A similarly small sensitivity to pressure has been observed for the beta relaxation in sorbitol. We have measured the spectrum of sorbitol at high pressure, and likewise it indicates the presence of a submerged EW. Finally, the behavior observed for the EW in the glycols is shown to be consistent with predictions of the coupling model, relating the most probably relaxation time for the secondary process to a noncooperative relaxation time. This suggests that the EW may be the precursor to the alpha relaxation and therefore of fundamental importance to understanding the vitrification process in supercooled liquids and polymers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM casalini@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 59 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 094202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.094202 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AQ UT WOS:000220812800052 ER PT J AU Colton, JS Kennedy, TA Bracker, AS Gammon, D AF Colton, JS Kennedy, TA Bracker, AS Gammon, D TI Microsecond spin-flip times in n-GaAs measured by time-resolved polarization of photoluminescence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PURITY GAAS; DOUBLE HETEROSTRUCTURES; OPTICAL-DETECTION; RELAXATION TIMES; QUANTUM DOTS; ELECTRONS; NMR AB We have observed microsecond spin-flip times in lightly doped n-GaAs, by measuring the photoluminescence polarization in the time domain with pump and probe pulses. Times up to 1.4 mus have been measured. Our results as a function of magnetic field indicate three regions governing the spin relaxation: a low field region, where spin-flip times increase due to suppression of the nuclear hyperfine. interaction for localized electrons, a medium field region where spin-flip times increase due to narrowing of the hyperfine relaxation for interacting electrons, and a high field region where spin-flip times begin to level off due to the increasing importance of spin-orbit relaxation mechanisms. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Colton, JS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 12 AR 121307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.121307 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818QG UT WOS:000221259000010 ER PT J AU Crain, JN McChesney, JL Zheng, F Gallagher, MC Snijders, PC Bissen, M Gundelach, C Erwin, SC Himpsel, FJ AF Crain, JN McChesney, JL Zheng, F Gallagher, MC Snijders, PC Bissen, M Gundelach, C Erwin, SC Himpsel, FJ TI Chains of gold atoms with tailored electronic states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES; VICINAL SI(111); SILICON SURFACES; BECHGAARD SALTS; HUBBARD-MODEL; AU; RECONSTRUCTION; PHOTOEMISSION; CONDUCTORS; SI(5512) AB A combination of angle-resolved photoemissiori and scanning tunneling microscopy is used to explore the possibilities for tailoring the electronic structure of gold atom chains on silicon surfaces. It is shown that the interchain coupling and the band filling can be adjusted systematically by varying the step spacing via the tilt angle from Si(111). Planes with odd Miller indices are stabilized by chains of gold atoms. Metallic bands and Fermi surfaces are observed. These findings suggest that atomic chains at stepped semiconductor substrates make a highly flexible class of solids approaching the one-dimensional limit. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Lakehead Univ, Dept Phys, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. Delft Univ Technol, Dept Nanosci, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; McChesney, Jessica/K-8911-2013 OI McChesney, Jessica/0000-0003-0470-2088 NR 57 TC 181 Z9 181 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 12 AR 125401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.125401 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818QG UT WOS:000221259000108 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Hole hybridization in III-V semiconductors with two interacting ferromagnetic phases SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GASB/MN DIGITAL ALLOYS; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; GAAS; (GA,MN)AS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; NANOCLUSTERS; REVERSAL; GROWTH; (GA AB We theoretically investigate the consequences of placing two very different ferromagnetic phases in close proximity within a III-V semiconductor, e.g., MnSb islands within a GaMnSb matrix. The two phases are found to interact via hybridization of the valence band wave functions, which is stronger for the spin polarization whose density of states is greater at the Fermi energy (not necessarily the majority spin). Interesting temperature-hysteretic phenomena can occur, which can lead to a magnetization flip at some intermediate temperature. We also discuss the consequences for long-range ferromagnetic interactions between spatially distinct regions, and a nonresonant ferromagnetic interband tunneling diode. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 11 AR 115203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.115203 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812BC UT WOS:000220814000061 ER PT J AU Woods, LM Reinecke, TL Kotlyar, R AF Woods, LM Reinecke, TL Kotlyar, R TI Hole spin relaxation in quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WELLS AB We present results for relaxation of the spin of a hole in a cylindrical quantum dot due to acoustic phonon assisted spin flips at low temperatures with an applied magnetic field. The hole dispersion is calculated by numerical diagonalization of the Luttinger Hamiltonian and applying perturbation theory with respect to the magnetic field, and the hole-phonon coupling is described by the Bir-Pikus Hamiltonian. We find that the decoherence time for hole spins for dots less than or similar to20 mn is on the order of 10(-8) s. This is several orders smaller than the decoherence time due to phonon assisted processes for electron spins in similar dots and is comparable to the total decoherence time of an electron spin in a quantum dot, which is controlled by the hyperfine interaction with nuclei. We obtain the dependence of the relaxation rate of the hole spin on dot size and hole mass. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97214 USA. RP Woods, LM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NR 20 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 12 AR 125330 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.125330 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818QG UT WOS:000221259000093 ER PT J AU Antoszewski, J Redfern, D Faraone, L Meyer, JR Vurgaftman, I Lindemuth, J AF Antoszewski, J Redfern, D Faraone, L Meyer, JR Vurgaftman, I Lindemuth, J TI Comment on "Mobility spectrum computational analysis using a maximum entropy approach" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Letter AB We point out that the comparison in Fig. 1 of the recent publication by S. Kiatgamolchai [Phys. Rev. E 66, 036705 (2002)] of the proposed maximum entropy-mobility spectrum analysis (ME-MSA) with our quantitative mobility spectrum analysis (QMSA) is misleading. Rather than comparing with the more recent "improved" version of QMSA [Vurgaftman , J. Appl. Phys. 84, 4966 (1998)], a preliminary version that was three years older and demonstrably inferior was employed. We show that ME-MSA and the improved QMSA give quite similar results. C1 Univ Western Australia, Sch Elect Elect & Comp Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lake Shore Cryotron Inc, Westerville, OH 43081 USA. RP Antoszewski, J (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Elect Elect & Comp Engn, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 AR 038701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.038701 PN 2 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 810UO UT WOS:000220729400110 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Capaccioli, S AF Ngai, KL Capaccioli, S TI Relation between the activation energy of the Johari-Goldstein beta relaxation and T-g of glass formers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SLOW SECONDARY RELAXATION; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; COUPLING MODEL; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; DYNAMIC PROPERTIES; O-TERPHENYL; ALPHA; POLY(ETHYLENE; SORBITOL AB For glass-forming substances, we show that the ratio E-beta/RTg can be predicted quantitatively from the coupling model. Here E-beta is the glassy state activation enthalpy of the Johari-Goldstein beta relaxation, T-g is the glass transition temperature of the alpha relaxation, and R is the gas constant. The calculated value is in good agreement with the experimental value in many glass formers. The results locate the origin of this cross correlation between E-beta of the Johari-Goldstein beta relaxation and T-g of the alpha relaxation, although there are some notable exceptions to this cross correlation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, INFM, UdR Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 45 TC 140 Z9 141 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 AR 031501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.031501 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 810UL UT WOS:000220729100041 PM 15089297 ER PT J AU Ghosh, J Griem, HR Elton, RC Terry, JL Marmar, E Lipschultz, B LaBombard, B Rice, JE Weaver, JL AF Ghosh, J Griem, HR Elton, RC Terry, JL Marmar, E Lipschultz, B LaBombard, B Rice, JE Weaver, JL TI Measurements of ion and neutral atom flows and temperatures in the inner and outer midplane scrape-off layers of the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-TRANSPORT; TOROIDAL ROTATION; EDGE PLASMA; DIVERTOR; PARAMETERS; INJECTION; EMISSION; PLUMES; JT-60U; LINES AB Measurements of toroidal flow velocities in the midplane of the inner and outer scrape-off layers (SOL) of Alcator C-Mod [I. H. Hutchinson , Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)] plasmas are made using a high-resolution spectrograph. Doppler shifts of the line emissions from either He+ at 468.6 nm or neutral deuterium at 656.1 nm from two local gas puffs are observed along radially separated, toroidally viewing chords to obtain the radial profiles of the toroidal ion and neutral flow velocities and of the temperatures in the midplane of the inner and outer SOL's. In these experiments, the ion vertical drift due to the toroidal magnetic field gradient (ion BxdelB drift) is directed towards the lower X-point, and an outer SOL plasma flow with a velocity in the range of 5-10 km/s in the direction of the plasma current is observed at the midplane far above the divertor plates. Plasma flow in a similar direction with similar velocities is observed in the inner SOL midplane. This observation suggests a toroidal rotation of the edge plasma in a co-current direction, consistent with an E(r)xB(theta) motion that would arise from a radially outward electric field. Interestingly, the neutral atoms in these views are observed to flow in the opposite directions in the inner and outer SOL's, i.e., the neutrals flow in the plasma current direction in the inner SOL and in a direction opposite to the plasma current in the outer SOL. Also, the neutrals move much slower (velocities similar to2-4 km/s) in the outer SOL compared to the inner SOL (velocities similar to4-10 km/s). Temperatures determined from the Doppler broadening of the spectral lines are found to be in the range of similar to15-25 eV for the He+ ions in the inner and outer SOL's. Much lower temperatures of less than or equal to2-5 eV are indicated for the deuterium atoms in both SOL's. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ghosh, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012 OI Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684 NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAR PY 2004 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1033 EP 1042 DI 10.1063/1.1646394 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 776VJ UT WOS:000189139800023 ER PT J AU Meadows, C AF Meadows, C TI Ordering from Satan's menu: a survey of requirements specification for formal analysis of cryptographic protocols SO SCIENCE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th European Symposium on Programming (ESOP 2003) CY APR 05-13, 2003 CL Warsaw, POLAND DE cryptographic protocols; formal methods; requirements engineering ID SECURITY PROTOCOLS; AUTHENTICATION; ENCRYPTION AB The application of formal methods to cryptographic protocol analysis has been a growth area recently. Most of the attention has been paid to the design of languages for the specification of cryptographic protocols and algorithms for evaluating their security. However, the ability to specify their desired behavior correctly is also important; indeed many perceived protocol flaws arise out of a misunderstanding of the protocol's requirements. In this paper, we give a survey of research in requirements specification for formal analysis of cryptographic protocols. We start with a brief history of the use of requirements specification for cryptographic protocols. We then outline some of the main current trends and areas of research. We conclude with a discussion of some open problems. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM meadows@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6423 EI 1872-7964 J9 SCI COMPUT PROGRAM JI Sci. Comput. Program. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 50 IS 1-3 BP 3 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.scico.2003.12.001 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 804AH UT WOS:000220271100002 ER PT J AU Lohrenz, MC Gendron, ML Edwards, SS AF Lohrenz, MC Gendron, ML Edwards, SS TI A new system to support lane navigation of amphibious forces SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Mapping Charting & Geodesy Branch, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lohrenz, MC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mapping Charting & Geodesy Branch, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 3 BP 39 EP 43 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 807DI UT WOS:000220481800008 ER PT J AU Anderson, GP Lingerfelt, BM Taitt, CR AF Anderson, GP Lingerfelt, BM Taitt, CR TI Eight analyte detection using a four-channel optical biosensor SO SENSOR LETTERS LA English DT Article DE four-channel optical sensor; multi-analyte detection; antigens ID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE FIBEROPTIC BIOSENSOR; FLUORESCENT SIGNAL ACQUISITION; STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; EVANESCENT-WAVE BIOSENSOR; IMMUNOASSAY; PROTEINS; SYSTEM; PROBES; SENSOR; ARRAY AB RAPTOR is a small, portable, and easily operated biosensor capable of performing rapid immunoassays in the field. This fiber optic biosensor is commercially available and is designed to detect up to four different analytes at one time. RAPTOR performs sandwich fluoroimmunoassays on four optical waveguides simultaneously, with assay results from all four fibers available in less than 12 minutes. This paper describes an easy modification that doubles the multi-analyte detection capability of RAPTOR using the same four optical waveguides. Three different sets of capture antibodies were immobilized onto the four waveguides in such a combination that any one of eight analytes was identified in a sample by the pattern of the response. While the overall signal strength was significantly reduced (similar to 2/3) in several assays, the following eight antigens could be clearly detected at the concentrations tested: staphylococcal enterotoxin type-B (SEB), Francisella tularensis LVS, Bacillus anthracis Sterne, ricin, Yersinia pestis F1 antigen, MS2 bacteriophage, cholera toxin, and Salmonella typhimurium. This simple modification of a standard immunoassay method maximizes the functionality of this instrument, while requiring no additional parts or assay steps. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ganderson@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-198X J9 SENS LETT JI Sens. Lett. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 2 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.1166/sl.2004.029 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 004PV UT WOS:000234765600003 ER PT J AU Aboul-Enein, LCDRYH AF Aboul-Enein, LCDRYH TI "My heart became attached," - The strange odyssey of John Walker Lindh SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Aboul-Enein, LCDRYH (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRANK CASS CO LTD PI ESSEX PA NEWBURY HOUSE, 900 EASTERN AVE, NEWBURY PARK, ILFORD, ESSEX IG2 7HH, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PD SPR PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1 BP 189 EP 192 PG 4 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 835TK UT WOS:000222508200010 ER PT J AU Dave, PR Duddu, R Yang, K Damavarapu, R Gelber, N Surapaneni, R Gilardi, R AF Dave, PR Duddu, R Yang, K Damavarapu, R Gelber, N Surapaneni, R Gilardi, R TI Preparation of 'cage molecule' based polyazido core units for dendrimer synthesis SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE polyazido compounds; dendrimers; core units; 1,3-diazidoace one ID CLICK CHEMISTRY; NMR AB Core Molecules based on benzene-, cubane-, adamantane-polycarboxlates with peripheral polyazido substitution are reported. The first synthesis of 1.3-diazidoacetone and its conversion to the corresponding oxime, DNPH, and 2,2-dinitro derivatives is also reported. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARDEC, Geo Ctr Inc, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dave, PR (reprint author), ARDEC, Geo Ctr Inc, Bldg 3028, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM pdave@pica.army.mil NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 10 BP 2159 EP 2162 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.01.037 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 778HH UT WOS:000189233200030 ER PT J AU Ringeisen, BR Kim, H Barron, JA Krizman, DB Chrisey, DB Jackman, S Auyeung, RYC Spargo, BJ AF Ringeisen, BR Kim, H Barron, JA Krizman, DB Chrisey, DB Jackman, S Auyeung, RYC Spargo, BJ TI Laser printing of pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells SO TISSUE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MAPLE DIRECT WRITE; INDUCED DNA-DAMAGE; COMET ASSAY; EVAPORATION MAPLE; SCAFFOLDS; OPPORTUNITIES; CHALLENGES; DEPOSITION; PROTEIN; DESIGN AB A technique by which to print patterns and multilayers of scaffolding and living cells could be used in tissue engineering to fabricate tissue constructs with cells, materials, and chemical diversity at the micron scale. We describe here studies using a laser forward transfer technology to print single-layer patterns of pluripotent murine embryonal carcinoma cells. This report focuses on verifying cell viability and functionality as well as the ability to differentiate cells after laser transfer. We find that when cells are printed onto model tissue scaffolding such as a layer of hydrogel, greater than 95% of the cells survive the transfer process and remain viable. In addition, alkaline comet assays were performed on transferred cells, showing minimal single-strand DNA damage from potential ultraviolet-cell interaction. We also rind that laser-transferred cells express microtubular associated protein 2 after retinoic acid stimulus and myosin heavy chain protein after dimethyl sulfoxide stimulus, indicating successful neural and muscular pathway differentiation. These studies provide a foundation so that laser printing may next be used to build heterogeneous multilayer cellular structures, enabling cell growth and differentiation in heterogeneous three-dimensional environments to be uniquely studied. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MD Biotech, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Spargo, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Branch Head,Code 6110, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bspargo@ccs.nrl.nav.mil NR 38 TC 121 Z9 128 U1 3 U2 36 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1076-3279 J9 TISSUE ENG JI Tissue Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 10 IS 3-4 BP 483 EP 491 DI 10.1089/107632704323061843 PG 9 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering SC Cell Biology GA 816JA UT WOS:000221105000018 PM 15165465 ER PT J AU Elmore, PA Breazeale, MA AF Elmore, PA Breazeale, MA TI Dispersion and frequency dependent nonlinearity parameters in a graphite-epoxy composite SO ULTRASONICS LA English DT Article DE composites; nonlinearity parameter; harmonic-generation; dispersion ID 3RD-ORDER ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; ULTRASONIC PHASE VELOCITY; HARMONIC-GENERATION; PROPAGATION; SOLIDS; WAVES AB Longitudinal phase velocity and nonlinearity parameter have been measured as a function of frequency in the low megaHertz range in a laminate graphite-fiber-epoxy-resin composite. Amplitudes of both the fundamental and generated second harmonics were measured absolutely with a capacitive receiver. Phase velocity and nonlinearity parameter vary with frequency. The extent of the variance depends on the orientation of the fiber layers. Comparison is made between the nonlinear differential equation appropriate for crystals and a new equation that accounts for frequency dependence of phase velocity and nonlinearity parameter. The newer equation describes the data more accurately than the crystalline model does, but appears to require additional terms. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Jamie Whitten Natl Ctr Phys Acoust, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Elmore, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Code 7440, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pelmore@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0041-624X J9 ULTRASONICS JI Ultrasonics PD MAR PY 2004 VL 41 IS 9 BP 709 EP 718 DI 10.1016/j.ultras.2003.11.001 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 808YC UT WOS:000220603400003 ER PT J AU Butler, FK AF Butler, FK TI Closed-circuit oxygen diving in the US navy SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Oxygen 2002 Scientific Symposium CY JUL 01-02, 2002 CL La Jolla, CA ID DIVERS C1 USN, Special Warfare Command Detachment, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Butler, FK (reprint author), USN, Special Warfare Command Detachment, Pensacola, FL USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 31 IS 1 BP 3 EP 20 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 828VD UT WOS:000222000700002 PM 15233156 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Presti, JC Kane, CJ Aronson, WJ Terris, MK Dorey, F Amling, CL AF Freedland, SJ Presti, JC Kane, CJ Aronson, WJ Terris, MK Dorey, F Amling, CL CA Search Database Study Grp TI Do younger men have better biochemical outcomes after radical prostatectomy? SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXTERNAL-BEAM RADIATION; OF-DEFENSE CENTER; SEXTANT BIOPSIES; CANCER INCIDENCE; DISEASE RESEARCH; SEARCH DATABASE; FREE SURVIVAL; ANTIGEN; RECURRENCE; TRENDS AB Objectives. To examine the relationship between age and biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy (RP), controlling for the year of surgery. Prior studies have suggested that younger men have lower prostate-specific antigen recurrence rates after RP, although none of the prior studies had controlled for the year of surgery. Methods. We examined the data from 1753 men treated with RP between 1988 and 2002 at five equal access medical centers. We compared age, as a categorical variable according to decade of life (50 years old or younger, 51 to 60, 61 to 70, and older than 70 years), with the clinical and pathologic variables at RP, as well as the time to biochemical recurrence, using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Results. Age was significantly related to the year of surgery, with the more recently treated patients being younger than less recently treated patients (P <0.001). After controlling for the year of surgery, the younger men had smaller prostates, fewer high-grade tumors on biopsy, and less lymph node metastasis, but a greater percentage of cores with cancer. On multivariate analysis, men 50 years old or younger had significantly lower recurrence rates than did the older men. Moreover, men older than 70 years had significantly greater prostate-specific antigen failure rates than men aged 51 to 70 years or men aged 50 years or younger. Conclusions. The average age of men undergoing RP has decreased with time. Independent of this, young men have more favorable outcomes after RP than older men. Continued screening to detect prostate cancer among younger men when it is most curable appears warranted. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA USA. Med Coll Georgia, Div Urol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 NR 26 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD MAR PY 2004 VL 63 IS 3 BP 518 EP 522 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2003.10.045 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 803HZ UT WOS:000220223500020 PM 15028449 ER PT J AU Liotta, PH Miskel, JF AF Liotta, PH Miskel, JF TI Redrawing the map of the future SO WORLD POLICY JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN, War Coll, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Liotta, PH (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD POLICY INST PI NEW YORK PA NEW SCHOOL SOCIAL RESEARCH 65 FIFTH AVE, STE 413, NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0740-2775 J9 WORLD POLICY J JI World Policy J. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 21 IS 1 BP 15 EP 21 PG 7 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 864QD UT WOS:000224647100002 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM Qadri, SB Horwitz, JS Knies, D Potrepka, DM AF Bubb, DM Qadri, SB Horwitz, JS Knies, D Potrepka, DM TI Pulsed laser deposition of rhombohedral (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films on LiNbO3 substrates SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ferroelectric thin films; pulsed laser deposition AB (BaxSr1-x)TiO3 (BST) thin films have been deposited on z-cut LiNbO3 (LNO) substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Both the structure and electrical properties of the film have been characterized. The structure of the film, determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), is neither cubic nor tetragonal as exhibited in the bulk material. The film structure is rhombohedral, and exhibits a phase transition at a temperature that is similar to the corresponding T-c of the bulk ferroelectric material. This is the first report of a rhombohedral phase for BST. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Bubb, DM (reprint author), Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, 400 S Orange Ave, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. EM bubbdani@shu.edu OI Potrepka, Daniel/0000-0002-0528-1038 NR 6 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD FEB 29 PY 2004 VL 223 IS 4 BP 275 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2003.09.024 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 768EK UT WOS:000188530500002 ER PT J AU Solka, JL Wegman, EJ AF Solka, JL Wegman, EJ TI Computer security and statistics SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Adv Computat Technol Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Computat Stat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Solka, JL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Adv Computat Technol Div, Code B10,17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD FEB 28 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/s0167-9473(03)00112-9 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 773PG UT WOS:000188931700001 ER PT J AU Wierman, JC Marchette, DJ AF Wierman, JC Marchette, DJ TI Modeling computer virus prevalence with a susceptible-infected-susceptible model with reintroduction SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE epidemic; computer virus; SIS model; quasi-stationary ID QUASI-STATIONARY DISTRIBUTIONS; THRESHOLD LIMIT-THEOREMS; EPIDEMIC PROCESSES; SIS MODEL; TIME AB Computer viruses are an extremely important aspect of computer security, and understanding their spread and extent is an important component of any defensive strategy. Epidemiological models have been proposed to deal with this issue, and we present one such here. We consider a modification of the Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) epidemiological model as a model of computer virus spread. This model includes a reintroduction parameter, which models the rerelease of a computer virus, or the introduction of a new virus. This is a more realistic model of computer virus spread than the standard SIS model, and can be used to understand the behavior of the quasi-stationary regime of the SIS model. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Math Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Wierman, JC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Math Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM wierman@jhu.edu; marchettedj@nswc.navy.mil RI Wierman, John/B-2078-2009 NR 27 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD FEB 28 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 1 BP 3 EP 23 DI 10.1016/s0167-9473(03)00113-0 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 773PG UT WOS:000188931700002 ER PT J AU Dymond, KF Budzien, SA Nicholas, AC Thonnard, SE McCoy, RP Thomas, RJ Huba, JD Joyce, G AF Dymond, KF Budzien, SA Nicholas, AC Thonnard, SE McCoy, RP Thomas, RJ Huba, JD Joyce, G TI Ionospheric response to the solar flare of 14 July 2000 SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; solar flare; electron density ID ELECTRON-DENSITY; F-REGION; EMISSIONS; OXYGEN AB [ 1] We present our observations of the global ionospheric response to the X-class solar flare that started the Bastille Day storm on 14 June 2000. The observations were made using the Low-Resolution Airglow and Aurora Spectrograph (LORAAS) instrument on the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS). The ARGOS is in a Sun-synchronous orbit at 0230/1430 LT at approximately 840 km altitude. During the daytime the LORAAS observes the 911-Angstrom emission; this emission is produced by radiative recombination of F region O+ and electrons. We simultaneously invert approximately one-half of an orbit of 911-Angstrom limb scans ( approximately 30-45 min of observing) using a tomographic inversion technique to produce dayside electron density maps in the orbit plane. We compare our observations of orbits immediately before and after the flare to the orbit in which the flare occurred. We observed a 41% increase in the average 911-Angstrom brightness during the flare orbit compared to the orbits before and after the flare. This corresponds to an overall increase of electron density by -20%. This density enhancement has largely decayed by the next orbit. At altitudes near the F region peak, 250-450 km, the density enhancement has decayed to the preflare value. An enhancement of the electron densities at approximately -50degrees geomagnetic latitude has moved northward in the flare orbit, which may be indicative of enhanced meridional transport postflare. We compared our results to output from the SAMI-2 model, which was run for the flare study presents in the work of Meier et al. [ 2002]. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kdymond@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD FEB 28 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 AR RS1S25 DI 10.1029/2002RS002842 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 803GN UT WOS:000220219700002 ER PT J AU Ledvina, BM Kintner, PM Makela, JJ AF Ledvina, BM Kintner, PM Makela, JJ TI Temporal properties of intense GPS L1 amplitude scintillations at midlatitudes SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; scintillations; F region irregularities; GPS ID MID-LATITUDE TROUGH; F-REGION; PHASE FLUCTUATIONS; 1ST OBSERVATIONS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; IONOSPHERE; RADAR; SIGNATURES; BOUNDARY; SCATTER AB [ 1] The first observations of large-amplitude GPS L1 amplitude scintillations in the midlatitude ionosphere were made on 25-26 September 2001. The scintillations, which were intense at times (greater than or equal to20dB, S-4 approximate to 0.8), occurred during the main phase of a moderate geomagnetic storm (Dst = -100 nT) when a storm-enhanced density (SED) event coupled with a broad and structured ionospheric trough occurred over the eastern United States. The preliminary results, using a modified single-frequency GPS receiver and a dual-frequency (L1/L2) GPS receiver and measuring total electron content at Cornell University ( 53.2degrees N magnetic latitude), have been published previously. In this effort we examine the scintillation autocorrelation functions using data from the fast sampling ( 50 Hz) single-frequency GPS receiver. The intention is to derive a measure of the scintillation pattern velocity which can be estimated from the Fresnel radius and the width of the autocorrelation function. We show that a minimum in the autocorrelation function width, corresponding to a maximum in the velocity, is located near the equatorward boundary of a broad trough. We also demonstrate that estimates of the scintillation pattern velocity are consistent with other measures of ionospheric drift in midlatitude storm time convection. In at least two of the GPS signals the inferred velocity has narrow peaks of several hundred meters per second, characteristic of subauroral ionospheric drifts ( SAID) and perhaps driven by plasma pressure gradients in the inner magnetosphere. This presentation, along with the paper by Ledvina et al. [ 2002], strongly demonstrate that the SED and associated SAID can cause debilitating scintillation levels for GPS receivers. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ledvina, BM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM bml22@cornell.edu; pmk1@cornell.edu; jmakela@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD FEB 28 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 AR RS1S18 DI 10.1029/2002RS002832 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 803GN UT WOS:000220219700001 ER PT J AU Pagan, KL Tabazadeh, A Drdla, K Hervig, ME Eckermann, SD Browell, EV Legg, MJ Foschi, PG AF Pagan, KL Tabazadeh, A Drdla, K Hervig, ME Eckermann, SD Browell, EV Legg, MJ Foschi, PG TI Observational evidence against mountain-wave generation of ice nuclei as a prerequisite for the formation of three solid nitric acid polar stratospheric clouds observed in the Arctic in early December 1999 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE AVHRR; NAT PSC formation mechanism; mountain wave cooling ID LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; DENITRIFICATION; MICROPHYSICS; SCANDINAVIA; CLIMATOLOGY; RELEVANCE; CHEMISTRY AB [1] A number of recently published papers suggest that mountain-wave activity in the stratosphere, producing ice particles when temperatures drop below the ice frost point, may be the primary source of large NAT particles. In this paper we use measurements from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instruments on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) polar-orbiting satellites to map out regions of ice clouds produced by stratospheric mountain-wave activity inside the Arctic vortex. Lidar observations from three DC-8 flights in early December 1999 show the presence of solid nitric acid ( Type Ia or NAT) polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). By using back trajectories and superimposing the position maps on the AVHRR cloud imagery products, we show that these observed NAT clouds could not have originated at locations of high-amplitude mountain-wave activity. We also show that mountain-wave PSC climatology data and Mountain Wave Forecast Model 2.0 (MWFM-2) raw hemispheric ray and grid box averaged hemispheric wave temperature amplitude hindcast data from the same time period are in agreement with the AVHRR data. Our results show that ice cloud formation in mountain waves cannot explain how at least three large-scale NAT clouds were formed in the stratosphere in early December 1999. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. G&A Tech Software Inc, Driggs, ID 83422 USA. USN, Middle Atmospher Dynam Sect, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. RP NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM pagan@cloud1.arc.nasa.gov; azadeh.tabazadeh-1@nasa.gov; katja.drdla-1@nasa.gov; m.e.hervig@gats-inc.com; stephen.eckermann@nrl.navy.mil; edward.v.browell@nasa.gov; legg@pixels.arc.nasa.gov; tfoschi@sfsu.edu NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 26 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D4 AR D04312 DI 10.1029/2003JD003846 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 803FK UT WOS:000220216800002 ER PT J AU Pande, CS Rath, BB Imam, MA AF Pande, CS Rath, BB Imam, MA TI Effect of annealing twins on Hall-Petch relation in polycrystalline materials SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE annealing twins; Hall-Petch relation; grain growth ID RESOLUTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GRAIN-SIZE; FLOW-STRESS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; HCP METALS; TWINNING DISLOCATIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; YIELD STRESS AB We analyze theoretically, how the annealing twin boundaries formed in a material during grain growth, affect its yield stress. For this propose, the twin boundary was considered as a barrier to dislocation motion as in case of grain boundaries. The Hall-Petch relation gets modified due to the presence of twin boundaries. This relation is shown to be in good fit for the only available experimental result. Our analysis also indicates that Hall-Petch relation is more likely to be due to grain boundaries as a dislocation barrier rather than as a dislocation source. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pande@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 38 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 25 PY 2004 VL 367 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2003.09.100 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 776RZ UT WOS:000189132200021 ER PT J AU Teixeira, J AF Teixeira, J TI Stable schemes for partial differential equations: the one-dimensional reaction-diffusion equation SO MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE reaction-diffusion; numerical stability; fixed stability coefficients AB Reaction-diffusion equations are fundamental in modelling several natural phenomena. The numerical schemes used to solve these equations often suffer from numerical stability problems. In this paper, a new type of algorithm to solve the diffusion equation in a stable and explicit manner is extended to the reaction-diffusion equation. The new scheme imposes a fixed value for the stability coefficient below the stability limit, and uses this information in order to determine a new grid. The values of the variables at this grid are then obtained by interpolation from the original grid. The scheme is applied to the linear single kinetic reaction-diffusion equation and to the classical Fisher equation. Different possibilities of extending the new scheme to the reaction-diffusion equations are discussed. It is shown that, for the linear case, including both terms (reaction and diffusion) in the computation of the new grid gives more accurate results and is more correct than just including the diffusion term. To solve the non-linear Fisher equation, a fractional-step method, where the reaction and diffusion terms are solved separately, is chosen. The new scheme provides realistic results when compared with analytic solutions. (C) 2003 IMACS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteoeol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Teixeira, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteoeol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM teixeira.ucar.pt@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4754 J9 MATH COMPUT SIMULAT JI Math. Comput. Simul. PD FEB 25 PY 2004 VL 64 IS 5 BP 507 EP 520 DI 10.1016/j.matcom.2003.10.001 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 800DJ UT WOS:000220008800001 ER PT J AU Haegel, NM Fabbri, JD Coleman, MP AF Haegel, NM Fabbri, JD Coleman, MP TI Direct transport imaging in planar structures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Direct imaging of transport behavior between planar contacts has been demonstrated in a scanning electron microscope, using an optical microscope and a high sensitivity charge coupled device to image the motion of free carriers in epitaxial GaAs. After generating charge at a fixed point, subsequent transport can be observed by imaging carrier recombination. Results as a function of applied electric field show excellent agreement to predicted Bessel function distributions for combined drift and diffusion from a point source. The approach can be applied to any luminescent material and allows for direct observation of transport across contacts and other internal boundaries. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06824 USA. RP Haegel, NM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nmhaegel@nps.navy.mil NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 23 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 8 BP 1329 EP 1331 DI 10.1063/1.1650544 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 775RT UT WOS:000189075000033 ER PT J AU Marque, C AF Marque, C TI Radio metric observations of quiescent filament cavities SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : filaments; Sun : prominences; Sun : radio radiation ID SOLAR FILAMENTS; MULTIFREQUENCY OBSERVATIONS; MILLIMETRIC WAVELENGTHS; CENTIMETER WAVELENGTH; ERUPTIVE PROMINENCE; ACTIVE REGIONS; H-ALPHA; CORONA; EMISSION; SUN AB We present in this paper a systematic study of the filament environment in the metric radio range, describing the existence of brightness temperature depressions above quiescent filaments on the disk and on the limb. Using the upgraded Nancay Radioheliograph, Halpha data from Meudon Observatory, and EIT and LASCO data from SOHO, we estimate the brightness temperature depressions and show that the most likely source of the depression is the cavity that surrounds the filament. Radio observations are able to locate and probe this cavity on the disk, contrary to other wavelengths. Using a filament eruption as an example, we propose that the cavity is a magnetic structure linked to the filament, in accordance with flux-rope models. C1 USN, Univ Space Res Assoc, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marque, C (reprint author), USN, Univ Space Res Assoc, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christophe.marque@nrl.navy.mil NR 48 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2004 VL 602 IS 2 BP 1037 EP 1050 DI 10.1086/381085 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 779ZK UT WOS:000189343700043 ER PT J AU Prasad, TG McClean, JL AF Prasad, TG McClean, JL TI Mechanisms for anomalous warming in the western Indian Ocean during dipole mode events SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Indian Ocean warming; Indian Ocean Dipole; Arabian Sea Dome ID ARABIAN SEA; EL-NINO; CLIMATOLOGY; VARIABILITY; WATER AB [1] During a typical Indian Ocean Dipole mode (IOD) event the weakening and reversal of winds in the central equatorial Indian Ocean lead to the development of unusually warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the western Indian Ocean. Here we report an analysis of model results and observations for the 1990 - 1999 period, showing the anomalous warming that occurred during 1997 - 1998 and 1994 - 1995 IOD events in the western Indian Ocean. It was primarily the result of the internal oceanic processes within the Arabian Sea rather than a direct response to external forcing from the eastern Indian Ocean as previously suggested. We compare the evolution of subsurface temperatures in the Arabian Sea just prior to ( 1996 - 1997: Representative of a normal year) and during the IOD event ( 1997 - 1998) to infer the physical processes responsible for the anomalous warming during the IOD events. In a normal year such as 1996 the existence of a unique open ocean upwelling feature, the Arabian Sea Dome (ASD), raises the thermocline in the southern Arabian Sea, a result of the positive wind stress curl of the winter monsoon. During an IOD year ( 1997), with the collapse of the monsoon wind system in the Arabian Sea the cold tongue, the strip of cool water indicative of ASD that normally occupies the southern Arabian Sea, fails to develop. As a result, the thermocline remains deep, which in turn enhances the heat content of the upper ocean, leading to warm SSTs. Volume-integrated heat budget terms in the ASD region illustrate the role of horizontal and vertical advection in the upper ocean warming. An implication is that SSTs remain higher than 28 degreesC in the southern Arabian Sea, thereby supporting large-scale deep convection in the atmosphere during the winter monsoon. A band of deep convective cloud forms directly over the warm ASD region during the IOD events, which bring greater than average rainfall over the southern Arabian Sea and east Africa, whereas convection is suppressed over the cold ASD region during the normal years resulting in less than average rainfall. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Prasad, TG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OC TI, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM prasad@nps.navy.mil NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 19 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C2 AR C02019 DI 10.1029/2003JC001872 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 780HK UT WOS:000189374200002 ER PT J AU Teliska, M O'Grady, WE Ramaker, DE AF Teliska, M O'Grady, WE Ramaker, DE TI Determination of H adsorption sites on Pt/C electrodes in HClO4 from Pt L-23 X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED DESORPTION; METAL-SUPPORT INTERACTION; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE; PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; XAFS SPECTROSCOPY; SHAPE RESONANCE AB The adsorption of atomic hydrogen on a platinum electrode in 0.1 M HClO4 electrolyte was studied in situ with Pt L-2.3 X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The Pt electrode was formed of highly dispersed 1.5-2.0-nm particles supported on carbon, and the Pt X-ray absorption fine structure data were collected at room temperature in transmission mode. A novel difference procedure utilizing the L-3 spectra at different applied voltages was used to isolate the effects of H adsorption on the Pt electrode in the XAS spectra. The results obtained in this work are compared with similar results recently reported for H/Pt in the gas phase and with results obtained from real-space full-multiple-scattering calculations utilizing the FEFF8 code on model clusters. The data reveal a number of important points that are similar to those found in the gas phase: (1) at low coverage the H is highly mobile and possibly delocalized on the surface, (2) at higher coverage it localizes into fcc sites, and (3) at very high coverage H is also found in atop sites presumably at or near edges. Point 3 is consistent with that found from previously reported spectroscopic data for Pt/C electrodes. Finally, a detailed interpretation of previously reported electrochemically modulated IR spectra, supporting the XAS analysis, suggests that the delocalized H exists at low coverage and has a profound affect on the water double layer. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM ramaker@gwu.edu NR 88 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD FEB 19 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 7 BP 2333 EP 2344 DI 10.1021/jp0356113 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 774AQ UT WOS:000188957900033 ER PT J AU Coker, C Bust, GS Doe, RA Gaussiran, TL AF Coker, C Bust, GS Doe, RA Gaussiran, TL TI High-latitude plasma structure and scintillation SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scintillation; beacon satellite; polar cap ID POLAR-CAP BOUNDARY AB Observations of high-latitude plasma structure and scintillation are presented from the January 2001 scintillation campaign timeframe. Comparisons are made using the all-sky imager and two beacon-satellite ground receivers located at Sondrestrom, Greenland. The Coherent Ionospheric Doppler Receiver (CIDR) observes 150- and 400-MHz signals transmitted from low-Earth-orbiting satellites. The 250-MHz polar beacon-satellite system observes signals from highly elliptical orbiting satellites. F region patches, F region precipitation arcs, and auroral arcs were observed. Intermediate-scale structure was observed on the leading and trailing edges of patches prior to exiting the polar cap. Banded structure was observed across an F region arc. Additional beacon-satellite receivers in Greenland and Alaska provide a unique opportunity to study the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of patch structures and their associated scintillation. C1 Praxis Inc, Washington, DC USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Ionospher Res, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78713 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Coker, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7607,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ccoker@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; gbust@arlut.utexas.edu; doe@sri.com; gauss@arlut.utexas.edu NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD FEB 17 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 AR RS1S15 DI 10.1029/2002RS002833 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 780HU UT WOS:000189375100002 ER PT J AU Claassen, JH AF Claassen, JH TI Derivation of nonlinear inductive coefficients from mutual inductance measurements of superconducting thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRIP RESONATOR; INTERMODULATION; TEMPERATURE AB A mutual inductance setup consisting of coils on opposite sides of a superconducting film is a well-known means to determine the penetration depth lambda. Recently, it was shown that the same apparatus may be used to measure a nonlinear dependence of the form lambda(2)(J)=lambda(0)(2)[1+(J/J(0))(2)], where J is the current density and J(0) characterizes the scale of nonlinear response. In this letter we calculate the nonlinear coupling between coils produced by this dependence. The calculation was done for a simplified geometry that retains the essential physics of the actual setup used in experiments, and allows quantitative evaluation of J(0) within a fudge factor close to unity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Claassen, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.claassen@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 7 BP 1135 EP 1137 DI 10.1063/1.1646763 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 773CK UT WOS:000188880000036 ER PT J AU Wartena, R Curtright, AE Arnold, CB Pique, A Swider-Lyons, KE AF Wartena, R Curtright, AE Arnold, CB Pique, A Swider-Lyons, KE TI Li-ion microbatteries generated by a laser direct-write method SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE microbattery; battery; Li-ion; direct-write; laser ID THIN-FILM LITHIUM; SENSOR MATERIALS; BATTERIES; FABRICATION; PERFORMANCE; SUBSTRATE; AL; SI AB A laser-based direct-write process is demonstrated as a method to fabricate Li-ion microbatteries. The battery electrodes are made by the laser-induced forward transfer of inks of charge-storage materials (composites of carbon/binder and LiCoO2/carbon/binder) onto micromachined metal-foil current collectors to form 40-60 mum thick electrodes with 16 mm(2) (4 mm x 4 mm) footprints. Both half cells and packaged microbatteries display capacities of approximately 155 mu\Ah or 100 mAh/g, as normalized to the amount of LiCoO2, and are comparable to the capacities of control electrodes that have been stenciled and pressed. The electrode capacities are not compromised when they are assembled into microbatteries, packaged and tested in air. The density and volumetric capacity of the laser-transferred electrodes are lower than those reported for sputtered thin-film microbatteries, yet the former electrodes can be made thicker and therefore deliver the same amount of charge from a smaller footprint. The data indicate that this laser direct-write method may be a viable approach for developing Li-ion microbattery systems for autonomous microelectronic devices and microsensors. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swider-Lyons, KE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6171, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM karen.lyons@nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD FEB 16 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.08.019 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 773WG UT WOS:000188947000029 ER PT J AU Selinger, JV Pancrazio, JJ Gross, GW AF Selinger, JV Pancrazio, JJ Gross, GW TI Measuring synchronization in neuronal networks for biosensor applications SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE spinal-cord cultures; microelectrode arrays; correlation; burst; seizure ID INFORMATION; FLOW; CAT AB Cultures of neurons can be grown on microelectrode arrays (MEAs), so that their spike and burst activity can be monitored. These activity patterns are quite sensitive to changes in the environment, such as chemical exposure, and hence the cultures can be used as biosensors. One key issue in analyzing the data from neuronal networks is how to quantify the level of synchronization among different units, which represent different neurons in the network. In this paper, we propose a synchronization metric, based on the statistical distribution of unit-to-unit correlation coefficients. We show that this synchronization metric changes significantly when the networks are exposed to bicuculline, strychnine, or 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzoquinoxaline-7-sulphonamide (NBQX). For that reason, this metric can be used to characterize pharmacologically induced changes in a network, either for research or for biosensor applications. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Biol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ N Texas, Ctr Network Neurosci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Selinger, JV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.selinger@nrl.navy.mil RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010; Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457; Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 18 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD FEB 15 PY 2004 VL 19 IS 7 BP 675 EP 683 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(03)00267-7 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 768AA UT WOS:000188505000006 PM 14709385 ER PT J AU Zvanut, ME Matlock, DM Henry, RL Koleske, D Wickenden, A AF Zvanut, ME Matlock, DM Henry, RL Koleske, D Wickenden, A TI Thermal activation of Mg-doped GaN as monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; HYDROGEN PASSIVATION; GALLIUM NITRIDE; COMPENSATION; STABILITY AB The microscopic process involved with thermal activation of the Mg acceptors in GaN epitaxial films is investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Samples were heat treated in dry N-2 for 30 min at temperatures between 200 and 1000degreesC. Below 850degreesC, the data are consistent with release of hydrogen from a Mg complex and corroborate the initial assignment of the EPR signal to the p-type acceptor. However, the Mg-related EPR signal is permanently quenched for anneals above 850degreesC suggesting that additional point defects are created during high temperature treatment. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zvanut, ME (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM mezvanut@uab.edu NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 4 BP 1884 EP 1887 DI 10.1063/1.1639954 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 769MP UT WOS:000188654100041 ER PT J AU Viehland, D Li, JF McLaughlin, E Powers, J Janus, R Robinson, H AF Viehland, D Li, JF McLaughlin, E Powers, J Janus, R Robinson, H TI Effect of uniaxial stress on the large-signal electromechanical properties of electrostrictive and piezoelectric lead magnesium niobate lead titanate ceramics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PB(MG1/3NB2/3)O-3-PBTIO3 CERAMICS; CRYSTALS; RELAXOR AB The electromechanical performance characteristics of electrostrictive 0.9 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.1 PbTiO3 and piezoelectric 0.7 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.3 PbTiO3 ceramics have been investigated under uniaxial stress (sigma). The results demonstrate that the large-signal electromechanical properties of electrostrictive ceramics are decreased with increasing sigma, whereas those of the piezoelectric are increased but accompanied by significantly increased hysteretic losses. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USN, Sea Syst Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Viehland, D (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM viehland@mse.vt.edu NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 4 BP 1969 EP 1972 DI 10.1063/1.1641960 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 769MP UT WOS:000188654100055 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM O'Malley, SM Antonacci, C Simonson, D McGill, RA AF Bubb, DM O'Malley, SM Antonacci, C Simonson, D McGill, RA TI Matrix-assisted laser deposition of a sorbent oligomer using an infrared laser SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; POLYMER; ABLATION AB Fluoropolyol, a sorbent chemoselective oligomer, has been deposited using a matrix-assisted laser-based deposition technique. A comparison of films deposited with infrared (2.94 mum) and ultraviolet (UV) (193 nm) radiation shows that photochemical and/or photothermal modification of the oligomer occurs for the UV-deposited films while the IR-deposited films appear to be identical to the starting material. In addition, it is shown that even ablating the matrix alone causes a film to be deposited when using a UV laser. Therefore, unless photochemical interactions are a desired outcome, the use of a UV laser for most matrix-assisted laser ablation and deposition techniques is unfavorable. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. Seton Hall Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. USN, Res Lab, Funct Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Bubb, DM (reprint author), Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. EM bubbdani@shu.edu NR 11 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 4 BP 2175 EP 2177 DI 10.1063/1.1636522 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 769MP UT WOS:000188654100086 ER PT J AU Bandstra, JP Koss, DA Geltmacher, A Matic, P Everett, RK AF Bandstra, JP Koss, DA Geltmacher, A Matic, P Everett, RK TI Modeling void coalescence during ductile fracture of a steel SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE ductile fracture; coalescence; steel ID HY-100 STEEL; STRESS STATES; FAILURE; SHEET; NUCLEATION; LOCALIZATION; GROWTH; INITIATION; INCLUSIONS; SIMULATION AB Ductile fracture of HY-100 steel at high stress triaxialities occurs by a void-sheet mode of failure in which large elongated voids, formed at MnS inclusions, coalesce as a result of a localized deformation instability that develops between neighboring voids. In this study, micro-mechanical modeling using finite element analysis has been employed to examine the deformation localization behavior within void arrays based on experimentally observed inclusion microstructures of HY-100 steel. Treating the elongated voids as through-thickness holes, we utilize image-based multi-hole models, each depicting roughly 125 voids, to identify the significance of the critical features (size, spacing, clustering) of the void microstructure on the deformation localization process and ultimately void-sheet coalescence and failure. The deformation localization is especially sensitive to the presence of a few large voids spaced within roughly 30 hole diameters of each other and oriented on planes 45 +/- 15 to the maximum applied principal stress. The results also show that deformation localization develops more readily at high stress triaxialities. Smaller, "secondary" voids can promote the onset of strain localization between large voids, even if they nucleate after a rather large void nucleation strain. Within microstructures consisting of solely of small voids, high density clusters can cause intense strain localization, but it is confined within the scale of the cluster. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Johnstown, PA 15904 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res Int Field Off, London, England. RP Koss, DA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM koss@ems.psu.edu OI Everett, Richard/0000-0002-6725-9442 NR 28 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2004 VL 366 IS 2 BP 269 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2003.08.018 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 771RA UT WOS:000188798800008 ER PT J AU Bashkansky, M Burris, HR Funk, EE Mahon, R Moore, CI AF Bashkansky, M Burris, HR Funk, EE Mahon, R Moore, CI TI RF phase-coded random-modulation LIDAR SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE LIDAR; LADAR; continuous-wave; modulation coding; optical modulation; optical radar; remote sensing by laser beam; modulation sequences; random modulation AB We present a CW LIDAR utilizing telecommunications components and operating at eye-safe wavelength of 1550 nm. Our direct detection LIDAR relies on a pseudo-noise phase coded RF sub-carrier to perform range determination. We demonstrated a range resolution of 15 m at a distance of 16 km in fog using retro-reflectors. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Res Support Instruments Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Red Mt Radio LLC, Ouray Colorado, CO 81427 USA. Jaycor Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Bashkansky, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5614,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bashkansky@nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD FEB 15 PY 2004 VL 231 IS 1-6 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2003.12.029 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 771UV UT WOS:000188805200010 ER PT J AU Meucci, R Cinotti, D Allaria, E Billings, L Triandaf, I Morgan, D Schwartz, IB AF Meucci, R Cinotti, D Allaria, E Billings, L Triandaf, I Morgan, D Schwartz, IB TI Global manifold control in a driven laser: sustaining chaos and regular dynamics SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE driven laser; chaos dynamics; regular dynamics ID RESONANT PARAMETRIC PERTURBATIONS; WEAK PERIODIC PERTURBATIONS; SELF-CONTROLLING FEEDBACK; SUPPRESSING CHAOS; TRANSIENT CHAOS; DIODE RESONATOR; SYSTEMS; MAINTENANCE; ATTRACTORS; ORBITS AB We present experimental and numerical evidence of a multi-frequency phase control able to preserve periodic behavior within a chaotic window as well as to re-excite chaotic behavior when it is destroyed by the presence of a mitigating unstable periodic orbit created in the presence of the multi-frequency drive. The mitigating saddle controlling the global behavior is identified and the controlling manifolds approximated. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Nazl Ott Applicata, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Allaria, E (reprint author), Ist Nazl Ott Applicata, Largo E Fermi 6, I-50125 Florence, Italy. EM ric@ino.it; allaria@ino.it RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009; Allaria, Enrico/H-1811-2012; Meucci, @/Q-9545-2016 OI Allaria, Enrico/0000-0001-9570-6361; NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD FEB 15 PY 2004 VL 189 IS 1-2 BP 70 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2003.09.033 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 776BF UT WOS:000189094600006 ER PT J AU Lee, ZP Carder, KL AF Lee, ZP Carder, KL TI Absorption spectrum of phytoplankton pigments derived from hyperspectral remote-sensing reflectance SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE absorption spectrum of phytoplankton pigments; inversion algorithms ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; OCEAN COLOR; CHLOROPHYLL-A; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; BIOGENOUS MATTER; SHALLOW WATERS; SARGASSO SEA; ALGAL BLOOMS; MODEL AB For a data set collected around Baja California with chlorophyll-a concentration ((chl-a)) ranging from 0.16 to 11.3 mg/m(3), hyperspectral absorption spectra of phytoplankton pigments were independently inverted from hyperspectral remote-sensing reflectance using a newly developed ocean-color algorithm. The derived spectra were then compared with those measured from water samples using the filter-pad technique, and an average difference of 21.4% was obtained. These results demonstrate that the inversion algorithm worked quite well for the coastal waters observed and suggest a potential of using hyperspectral remote sensing to retrieve both chlorophyll-a and other accessory pigments. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Lee, ZP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM zplee@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 47 TC 82 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2004 VL 89 IS 3 BP 361 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2003.10.013 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 768TA UT WOS:000188590100007 ER PT J AU Jiang, JH Wang, B Goya, K Hocke, K Eckermann, SD Ma, J Wu, DL Read, WG AF Jiang, JH Wang, B Goya, K Hocke, K Eckermann, SD Ma, J Wu, DL Read, WG TI Geographical distribution and interseasonal variability of tropical deep convection: UARS MLS observations and analyses SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE convective processes; gravity waves; stratosphere-troposphere interaction; tropical meteorology ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; GRAVITY-WAVE ACTIVITY; EQUATORIAL ATMOSPHERE DYNAMICS; UPPER-TROPOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; LIMB SOUNDER OBSERVATIONS; ANNUAL CYCLE; DIURNAL CYCLE; TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURES; RADIOSONDE OBSERVATIONS; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION AB [1] Tropical deep convection and its dynamical effect on the tropopause and stratosphere are investigated using a suite of data from the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite (UARS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), including upper tropospheric humidity, cloud radiance, and gravity wave measurements. For this purpose, geographical distributions of temperature, water vapor, and cloudiness in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) are compared with corresponding maps of gravity wave variance in the stratosphere. In addition, ECMWF global wind divergent and velocity potential fields as well as NOAA outgoing longwave radiation and CMAP rainfall data are analyzed to help pinpoint the locations of deep convection. We found that high-altitude clouds near the bottom of TTL ( similar to 147 hPa) are usually surrounded by high-humidity air, and their spatial pattern and seasonal variability are closely associated with regions of vigorous summertime deep convection. Upward propagating gravity waves generated from these convection regions are shifted poleward by prevailing stratospheric winds. We estimate that tropical deep convection lifts similar to 5% of the cloud tops to altitudes above 100 hPa and that most of the extreme deep convection events occur in the Western Pacific and Indian monsoon regions. Low-temperature regions in the TTL are associated with, but often drift away from, the center of deep convection. Regions of water vapor maxima near the bottom of TTL are located directly above the deep convection centers, but this moisture behavior is somewhat reversed at the top of the TTL. The integrated picture derived from this study implies that convective scale motions could be important in affecting short-term dehydration processes in the TTL. Our results also suggest that the spatial organization and temporal development of tropical convective systems will be better monitored with the follow-on Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura satellite instruments and lead to improved understanding of the complex interaction of tropical convection with large-scale dynamic and thermodynamic conditions. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Kyushu Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Middle Atmosphere Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. RP Jiang, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 183-701,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jonathan@mls.jpl.nasa.gov; wangbin@hawaii.edu; goya@geo.kyushu-u.ac.jp; sigrid.hocke@t-online.de; eckerman@uap2.nrl.navy.mil; junma@uap2.nrl.navy.mil; dwu@mls.jpl.nasa.gov; bill@mls.jpl.nasa.gov RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Wu, Dong/D-5375-2012 NR 78 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 13 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D3 AR D03111 DI 10.1029/2003JD003756 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775QG UT WOS:000189052500001 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA Sulzer, MP AF Bernhardt, PA Sulzer, MP TI Incoherent scatter measurements of ring-ion beam distributions produced by space shuttle exhaust injections into the ionosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ionospheric modification; incoherence scatter radar ID F-REGION; VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS; AURORAL IONOSPHERE; RADAR WAVES; PLASMA; EQUATION AB [1] When the space shuttle Orbiting Maneuver Subsystem (OMS) engines burn in the ionosphere, two types of effects are produced. First, charge exchange between the exhaust molecules and the ambient O+-ions yields beams of high-speed molecular ions that can excite plasma turbulence. Second, the molecular ions eventually recombine with electrons to yield a plasma hole. The ion-beam interactions and the formation of artificial plasma holes in the ionosphere have been studied with ground-based, incoherent-scatter radars (ISRs) during the Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Localized Exhaust ( SIMPLEX) series of experiments. The SIMPLEX II experiment took place in late July 1999 during the STS-93 flight of the Space Shuttle Columbia. The Orbital Maneuver Subsystem ( OMS) engines provided controlled ion injections over the incoherent scatter radar (ISR) facilities located at Arecibo, Puerto Rico to excite unusual radar signatures. After charge exchange between the exhaust and the ambient plasma, pickup ions were produced with velocities near 10 km/s using a ram-burn orientation of the OMS engines relative to the vehicle orbit vector. During the SIMPLEX II experiment, the ISR spectra of the exhaust-modified plasma were obtained for the first time. The formation of ring-ion beam distributions was determined from curve fitting to the radar spectra. These spectra show the presence of the nonthermal ion distributions and enhanced scatter from electrons for thermal ion distributions with elevated ion temperatures. Analysis of the ion distributions in the modified ionosphere indicates that they were unstable and may have quickly generated plasma waves that along with ion-neutral collisions changed the ion-velocity distributions. The observations show that the perpendicular ion speed was rapidly reduced from 10 km/s to about 1 km/s. These observations open up the possibility of conducting a new series of experiments studying ring-ion beam instabilities that occur naturally in the auroral-region ionosphere and artificially in the space shuttle exhaust where there is large relative motion between the ion and neutral species. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6794,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bern@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; msulzer@naic.edu NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 13 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A2 AR A02303 DI 10.1029/2002JA009693 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 775QZ UT WOS:000189054600001 ER PT J AU Kaneko, T Tsunoyama, H Hatakeyama, R Ganguli, G AF Kaneko, T Tsunoyama, H Hatakeyama, R Ganguli, G TI Comment on "Drift-wave instability excited by field-aligned ion flow velocity shear in the absence of electron current" - Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tohoku Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kaneko, T (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. EM kaneko@ecei.tohoku.ac.jp RI Hatakeyama, Rikizo/P-1200-2014 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 13 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 6 AR 069502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.069502 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 773WM UT WOS:000188947700064 ER PT J AU Sergienko, IA Keppens, V McGuire, M Jin, R He, J Curnoe, SH Sales, BC Blaha, P Singh, DJ Schwarz, K Mandrus, D AF Sergienko, IA Keppens, V McGuire, M Jin, R He, J Curnoe, SH Sales, BC Blaha, P Singh, DJ Schwarz, K Mandrus, D TI Metallic "ferroelectricity" in the pyrochlore Cd2Re2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE CD2RE2O7; SUPERCONDUCTOR CD2RE2O7; STRUCTURAL TRANSITION; STRONTIUM TITANATE; PHASE-TRANSITION; PROPAGATION; SYMMETRY AB A class of materials known as "ferroelectric metals" was discussed theoretically by Anderson and Blount in 1965 [Phys. Rev. Lett. 14, 217 (1965)], but to date no examples of this class of materials have been reported. Here we present measurements of the elastic moduli of Cd2Re2O7 through the 200 K cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition. A Landau analysis of the moduli reveals that the transition is consistent with Cd2Re2O7 being classified as a ferroelectric metal in the weaker sense described by Anderson and Blount (loss of a center of symmetry). First-principles calculations of the lattice instabilities indicate that the dominant lattice instability corresponds to a twofold degenerate mode with E-u symmetry and that motions of the O ions forming the O octahedra dominate the energetics of the transition. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Phys & Phys Oceanog, St Johns, NF A1B 3X7, Canada. Univ Mississippi, Dept Phys, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Phys Acoust, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tech Univ Vienna, Inst Mat Chem, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Mandrus, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mandrusdg@ornl.gov RI McGuire, Michael/B-5453-2009; Blaha, Peter/F-2847-2010; Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 OI McGuire, Michael/0000-0003-1762-9406; NR 28 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 13 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 6 AR 065501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.065501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 773WM UT WOS:000188947700032 PM 14995250 ER PT J AU Jiang, JH Eckermann, SD Wu, DL Ma, J AF Jiang, JH Eckermann, SD Wu, DL Ma, J TI A search for mountain waves in MLS stratospheric limb radiances from the winter Northern Hemisphere: Data analysis and global mountain wave modeling SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE gravity waves; dynamics; general circulation; global modeling; vortex; jet stream ID ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH SATELLITE; INERTIA-GRAVITY-WAVES; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; UARS MLS; TEMPERATURE-FLUCTUATIONS; MESOSCALE VARIABILITY; SOUNDER OBSERVATIONS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; VARIANCE; PROPAGATION AB Despite evidence from ground-based data that flow over mountains is a dominant source of gravity waves (GWs) for the Northern Hemisphere winter middle atmosphere, GW-related signals in global limb radiances from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) have shown little direct evidence of mountain waves. We address this issue by combining a renewed analysis of MLS limb-track and limb-scan radiances with global mountain wave modeling using the Naval Research Laboratory Mountain Wave Forecast Model (MWFM). MLS radiance variances show characteristics consistent with mountain waves, such as enhanced variance over specific mountain ranges and annual variations that peak strongly in winter. However, direct comparisons of MLS variance maps with MWFM-simulated mountain wave climatologies reveal limited agreement. We further develop a detailed "MLS GW visibility function'' that accurately specifies the three-dimensional in-orbit sensitivity of the MLS limb-track radiance measurement to a spectrum of GWs with different wavelengths and horizontal propagation directions. On postprocessing MWFM-generated mountain wave fields through these MLS visibility filters, we generate MWFM variance maps that agree substantially better with MLS radiance variances. This combined data analysis and MLS-filtered MWFM modeling leads us to conclude that many MLS variance enhancements can be associated with mountain waves forced by flow over specific mountainous terrain. These include mountain ranges in Europe (e.g., Scandinavia; Alps; Scotland; Ural, Putoran, Altai, Hangay and Sayan Mountains; Yablonovyy, Stanovoy, Khingan, Verkhoyansk and Central Ranges), North America (e.g., Brooks Range, MacKenzie Mountains, Colorado Rockies), southeastern Greenland, and Iceland. Our results show that given careful consideration of the in-orbit sensitivity of the instrument to GWs, middle atmospheric limb radiances measured from UARS MLS, as well as from the new MLS instrument on the Earth Observing System (EOS) satellite, can provide important global information on mountain waves in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere stratosphere and mesosphere. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Middle Atmosphere Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 183-701,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jonathan.h.jiang@jpl.nasa.gov; stephen.eckermann@nrl.navy.mil; dong.l.wu@jpl.nasa.gov; junma@uap2.nrl.navy.mil RI Wu, Dong/D-5375-2012 NR 62 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 11 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D3 AR D03107 DI 10.1029/2003JD003974 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775QB UT WOS:000189051900003 ER PT J AU Kjornrattanawanich, B Bajt, S Seely, JF AF Kjornrattanawanich, B Bajt, S Seely, JF TI Mo/B4C/Si multilayer-coated photodiode with polarization sensitivity at an extreme-ultraviolet wavelength of 13.5 nm SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE; RADIATION; REGION AB A silicon photodiode coated with an interface-engineered Mo/Si multilayer was developed as a polarization sensitive detector. The Mo/B4C/Si multilayer was designed to reflect 13.5-nm extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) radiation at an incident angle of 45degrees, at which the maximum polarization sensitivity occurs. The sensitivity of this specially coated photodiode and its polarization responses were determined by measurement of the reflectance and transmittance of the multilayer coating with synchrotron radiation. The Mo/B4C/Si multilayer was found to reflect 69.9% of the s-polarized radiation and only 2.4% of the p-polarized radiation, thus transmitting approximately 0.2% s-polarized radiation and 8.4% p-polarized radiation at a 13.5-nm wavelength and a 45degrees angle of incidence. A polarization ratio, (T-p - T-s)/(T-p + T-s), of 95% was achieved with sufficiently high sensitivity from this photodiode. This result demonstrates the high polarization sensitivity and the usefulness of multilayer-coated photodiodes as novel EUV polarimeters. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Space Res Assoc, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kjornrattanawanich, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Space Res Assoc, Beamline X24C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM benjawan@bnl.gov RI Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 10 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1082 EP 1090 DI 10.1364/AO.43.001082 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 773BY UT WOS:000188878900009 PM 15008487 ER PT J AU Karle, IL Yagi, H Sayer, JM Jerina, DM AF Karle, IL Yagi, H Sayer, JM Jerina, DM TI Crystal and molecular structure of a benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-diol 9,10-epoxide N-2-deoxyguanosine adduct: Absolute configuration and conformation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-MOMENT DIRECTIONS; DIOL EPOXIDE; BENZOPYRENE 7,8-DIOL-9,10-EPOXIDES; CARCINOGEN BENZOPYRENE; DEOXYGUANOSINE ADDUCTS; DNA-ADDUCTS; STEREOCHEMISTRY; NUCLEOTIDES; ENANTIOMERS; ADENOSINE AB Benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-diol 9,10-epoxide adducts in DNA are implicated in mutagenesis, and their formation from the diol epoxides and subsequent incorrect replication by human DNA polymerases provide an attractive mechanism for the induction of cancer by this highly carcinogenic hydrocarbon and its diol epoxide metabolites. Here, we describe the crystal structure of such an adduct at the exocyclic amino group of a purine nucleoside. The present adduct derives from trans opening at C10 of the (-)-(7S,8R)-diol (9R,10S)-epoxide enantiomer by the exocyclic N-2-amino group of deoxyguanosine. In the crystal, the pyrene rings of adjacent molecules stack with each other, but the guanine bases do not stack either intermolecularly with each other or intramolecularly with the pyrene. The most notable features of the molecular structure are (i) independent and unambiguous proof of the absolute configuration of the adduct based on the spatial relationship between the known chiral carbon atoms of the deoxyribose and the four asymmetric centers in the hydrocarbon moiety; (it) visualization of the relative orientations of the pyrene and guanine ring systems as well as the conformation of the partially saturated hydrocarbon ring (comprising carbon atoms 7, 8, 9, and 10), both of which conformational features in the crystal are in good agreement with deductions from NMR and CD measurements in solution; and (iii) the presence in the crystal of a syn glycosidic torsion angle, a conformation that is unusual in B-DNA but that may be involved in error-prone replication of these benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-diol 9,10-epoxide deoxyguanosine adducts by DNA polymerases. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIDDK, Bioorgan Chem Lab, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM williams@harker.nri.navy.mil NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 10 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1433 EP 1438 DI 10.1073/pnas.0307305101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 773JT UT WOS:000188921200004 PM 14757823 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, AB Truitt, PA Schwab, KC Sekaric, L Parpia, JM Craighead, HG Butler, JE AF Hutchinson, AB Truitt, PA Schwab, KC Sekaric, L Parpia, JM Craighead, HG Butler, JE TI Dissipation in nanocrystalline-diamond nanomechanical resonators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL-FRICTION; AMPLIFIER; SYSTEMS; NOISE; FILMS AB We have measured the dissipation and frequency of nanocrystalline-diamond nanomechanical resonators with resonant frequencies between 13.7 MHz and 157.3 MHz, over a temperature range of 1.4-274 K. Using both magnetomotive network analysis and a time-domain ring-down technique, we have found the dissipation in this material to have a temperature dependence roughly following T-0.2, with Q(-1)approximate to10(-4) at low temperatures. The frequency dependence of a large dissipation feature at similar to35-55 K is consistent with thermal activation over a 0.02 eV barrier with an attempt frequency of 10 GHz. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Phys Sci Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Cornell Univ, Cornell Ctr Mat Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hutchinson, AB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Phys Sci Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM schwab@lps.umd.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 17 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 9 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 6 BP 972 EP 974 DI 10.1063/1.1646213 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 771AR UT WOS:000188763800046 ER PT J AU Kodato, S Linders, JTM Gu, XH Yamada, K Flippen-Anderson, JL Deschamps, JR Jacobson, AE Rice, KC AF Kodato, S Linders, JTM Gu, XH Yamada, K Flippen-Anderson, JL Deschamps, JR Jacobson, AE Rice, KC TI Synthesis of rac-(1R,4aR,9aR)-2-methyl-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2 ,3-c]pyridin-6-ol. An unusual double rearrangement leading to the ortho- and para-f oxide-bridged phenylmorphan isomers SO ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR-MEDIATED PHENOMENA; PROBES; 5-(META-HYDROXYPHENYL)MORPHAN; ANTAGONISTS AB In an attempt to obtain the para-f isomer, rac-(IR,4aR,9aR)-2-methyl-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ol, via mesylation of an intermediate 9alpha-hydroxyphenylmorphan, we obtained, instead, a rearranged chloro compound with a 5-membered nitrogen ring, 7-chloro-3a-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-methyloctahydroindole. This indole underwent a second rearrangement to give us the desired para-f isomer. The structures of the intermediate indole and the final product were unequivocally established by X-ray crystallography. A resynthesis of the known rac-(IR,4aR,9aR)-2-methyl-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-8-ol, the ortho-f isomer, was achieved using the reaction conditions for the para-f isomer, as well as under Mitsunobu reaction conditions where, unusually, the oxide-bridge ring in the 5-phenylmorphan was closed to obtain the desired product. The synthesis of the para-f isomer adds an additional compound to those oxide-bridged phenylmorphans, that were initially visualized and synthesized; the establishment of the structure and configuration of 8 of the theoretically possible 12 racemates has now been achieved. The X-ray crystallographic structure analysis of the para-f isomer provides essential data that will be needed to establish the configuration of a ligand necessary to interact with an opioid receptor. C1 NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, NIH, US Dept HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, NIH, US Dept HHS, Bldg 8,Room B1-23, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kr21f@nih.gov OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-0520 J9 ORG BIOMOL CHEM JI Org. Biomol. Chem. PD FEB 7 PY 2004 VL 2 IS 3 BP 330 EP 336 DI 10.1039/b312633c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 776YC UT WOS:000189146100011 PM 14747861 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, CM TI Physics of propagation in left-handed guided wave structures at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS; ANISOTROPIC PERMITTIVITY; LAYERED STRUCTURES; MATRIX-METHOD; MEDIA; TRANSMISSION; ATTENUATION; REFRACTION; PLASMONS; INDEX AB A microstrip configuration is loaded with a left-handed medium substrate and studied regarding its dispersion diagrams over the microwave and millimeter-wave frequency bands for a number of different modal solutions. Ab initio calculations are accomplished self-consistently with a computer code using a full-wave integral equation numerical method based upon a Green's function employing appropriate boundary conditions. Bands of both propagating and evanescent behavior are discovered in some of the modes. Electromagnetic field plots in the cross-sectional dimension are made. New electric field line and magnetic circulation patterns are discovered. C1 USN, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM krowne@chrisco.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 6 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 5 AR 053901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.053901 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 771KV UT WOS:000188785200019 PM 14995305 ER PT J AU Kim, J Dong, HL Seabaugh, J Newell, SW Eberl, DD AF Kim, J Dong, HL Seabaugh, J Newell, SW Eberl, DD TI Role of microbes in the smectite-to-illite reaction SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOLE ELECTRON-ACCEPTOR; STRUCTURAL FE(III); SP-NOV; REDUCTION; GROWTH; NONTRONITES; CONVERSION; BENTONITES; MINERALS; ROCKS AB Temperature, pressure, and time have been thought to control the smectite-to-illite (S-I) reaction, an important diagenetic process used for petroleum exploration. We demonstrated that microorganisms can promote the S-I reaction by dissolving smectite through reduction of structural Fe(III) at room temperature and 1 atmosphere within 14 days. This reaction typically requires conditions of 300degrees to 350degreesC, 100 megapascals, and 4 to 5 months in the absence of microbial activity. These results challenge the conventional concept of the S-I reaction and of reaction kinetic models. C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jkim@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 26 TC 125 Z9 141 U1 11 U2 55 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 6 PY 2004 VL 303 IS 5659 BP 830 EP 832 DI 10.1126/science.1093245 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 770WF UT WOS:000188753800055 PM 14764877 ER PT J AU Emmert, JT Picone, JM Lean, JL Knowles, SH AF Emmert, JT Picone, JM Lean, JL Knowles, SH TI Global change in the thermosphere: Compelling evidence of a secular decrease in density SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE global change; thermosphere density; greenhouse cooling ID UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; SATELLITE; TRENDS; MESOSPHERE; MODEL; DRAG; CO2 AB We derive secular trends in upper thermospheric density from the historical orbital elements of 27 long-lived, near-Earth space objects. The results cover all levels of solar activity during the period 1996-2001, and each object indicates a long-term decrease of total mass density. The observed trends increase with increasing height from 200-700 km and are largest for solar minimum conditions; average values range from -2% to -5% per decade. The trends are largely independent of geomagnetic activity, local time, latitude, and season. We examine several possible sources of error in our results and conclude that none of them can individually account for the observed trends. The trends that we obtain are qualitatively, and in some cases quantitatively, consistent with available theoretical predictions of density decreases associated with the cooling effect of increased greenhouse gas concentrations. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Raytheon Informat Technol & Sci Serv, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM emmert@uap2.nrl.navy.mil; picone@uap2.nrl.navy.mil; jlean@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; sknowles@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 27 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 5 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A2 AR A02301 DI 10.1029/2003JA010176 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 775NK UT WOS:000189047400004 ER PT J AU Strickland, DJ Barnes, RP Kochenash, AJ Jones, WA Reilly, MH Daniell, RE AF Strickland, DJ Barnes, RP Kochenash, AJ Jones, WA Reilly, MH Daniell, RE TI Lookup tables for transionospheric effects on signals SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE transionospheric; ray tracing; time delay; Doppler shifts; lookup tables ID SLAB THICKNESS; MODELS AB [1] Lookup tables have been constructed that address group delay and RF carrier phase advance for transionospheric signal propagation referenced to a ground-based transmitter. The tables are based on parameterizations of ray-tracing results using the Reilly ray trace/ICED, Bent, Gallagher (RIBG) model with the magnetic field turned off. The quantities of interest are incremental group and phase path lengths referenced to straight-line distance between transmitter and receiver and are designated by Deltal(g) and Deltal(p) ( as defined, both quantities are positive). Equations are presented that relate these quantities to group delay and ionospheric Doppler shifts. Tables currently in use are three-dimensional, expressed in terms of frequency (f), elevation angle (theta), and straight-line total electron content (TECSL). At high frequencies, Deltal(g) and Deltal(p) can be accurately expressed by a straight-line propagation formula that is proportional to TECSL. With decreasing frequency, these quantities become greater than their straight-line counterparts due to additional refraction effects, including ray bending. Extensive ray-tracing runs have been performed under a variety of ionospheric conditions to produce scatterplots of Deltal(g) and Dlp versus TECSL for given pairs of [ f, q] values. The current ranges in these variables are from 20 to 100 MHz and 5degrees to 90degrees, respectively. The tables contain coefficients from fourth-degree polynomial fits to the distributions of points within the scatterplots. Where scatter is problematic, the introduction of a fourth parameter, slab thickness, is shown to significantly reduce this scatter. Magnetic field effects are discussed and are shown to have a small effect on table coefficients. Discussion is also included on the use of the tables with a model ionosphere. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geoloc Corp, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP Strickland, DJ (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, 8001 Braddock Rd,Suite 201, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM dstrick@cpi.com NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD FEB 5 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 AR RS1S33 DI 10.1029/2002RS002831 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 775NV UT WOS:000189048300003 ER PT J AU Whang, YC Burlaga, LF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR AF Whang, YC Burlaga, LF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR TI The termination shock near 35 degrees latitude SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS COSMIC-RAYS; SOLAR-WIND SPEED; DISTANCE; FLUX; AU AB The termination shock moves outwards and inwards over timescales of a solar cycle in response to the variations in the average solar wind speed. The amplitude is greater than 50 AU near 35degrees latitude; the maximum (minimum) distance occurs during the rising (declining) phase of the solar cycle. Shock parameters are distinctly different when the shock moves outwards or inwards. During the period of high-speed (low-speed) solar wind, the shock moves outward ( inward) and the shock is weaker (stronger). This study assumes that the first crossing of Voyager 1 with the termination shock occurred at 85.5 AU on 2002.6. If Voyager 1 did cross the shock in 2002.6, the spacecraft would likely cross the shock at least two more times before 2010, but no second crossing would occur close to 2003.1. If Voyager 1 did not cross the shock in mid-2002, it might still do so before 2005. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM whang@cua.edu NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 3 AR L03805 DI 10.1029/2003GL018679 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 775LZ UT WOS:000189043300003 ER PT J AU Strickland, DJ Lean, JL Meier, RR Christensen, AB Paxton, LJ Morrison, D Craven, JD Walterscheid, RL Judge, DL McMullin, DR AF Strickland, DJ Lean, JL Meier, RR Christensen, AB Paxton, LJ Morrison, D Craven, JD Walterscheid, RL Judge, DL McMullin, DR TI Solar EUV irradiance variability derived from terrestrial far ultraviolet dayglow observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT; CROSS-SECTIONS; NITRIC-OXIDE; MODEL; N-2; STATES; FLUX AB Remotely sensed ultraviolet emissions from the Earth's upper atmosphere are shown to mirror fluctuations in solar EUV irradiance during July 2002, including the overall increase and decrease as the Sun rotated, and episodic increases associated with multiple solar flares. The TIMED/ GUVI dayglow observations are used to derive a new quantity, Q(EUV)(GUVI), which is a measure of integrated solar EUV electromagnetic energy shortward of 45 nm. Both the absolute Q(EUV)(GUVI) values and their modulation by solar rotation agree well with the corresponding solar EUV energy estimated by the NRLEUV irradiance variability model. The Q(EUV)(GUVI) values do not support recent suggestions that the solar EUV irradiances estimated by the model of Hinteregger et al. be increased by a factor of four, nor even a factor of two. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Aerosp Corp, Space Sci Applicat Lab, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Phys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ So Calif, Ctr Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. RP Strickland, DJ (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM dstrick@cpi.com RI Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014; Paxton, Larry/D-1934-2015 OI Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115; Paxton, Larry/0000-0002-2597-347X NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 3 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 3 AR L03801 DI 10.1029/2003GL018415 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 775LY UT WOS:000189043200001 ER PT J AU Smallwood, LM Katz, DM Richmond, MW AF Smallwood, LM Katz, DM Richmond, MW TI Near Earth Objects: A brief review and a student project SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Review AB We provide a general overview of asteroids which pass close to the Earth: Near Earth Objects (NEOs). NEOs provide information on the formation of the solar system, and may have played an important role in the history of life on Earth. They are easy targets for future space missions. We also describe how to measure the distance to an NEO: an observational exercise for undergraduates which is pedagogically rich, exciting, and requires only modest equipment. We use our own recent data to compute the,distances to two objects: 2002 NY40 and 2002 HK12. (C) 2004 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Smallwood, LM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 72 IS 2 BP 264 EP 271 DI 10.1119/1.1586265 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 764GM UT WOS:000188199100021 ER PT J AU Fiore, MC Croyle, RT Curry, SJ Cutler, CM Davis, RM Gordon, C Healton, C Koh, HK Orleans, CT Richling, D Satcher, D Seffrin, J Williams, C Williams, LN Keller, PA Baker, TB AF Fiore, MC Croyle, RT Curry, SJ Cutler, CM Davis, RM Gordon, C Healton, C Koh, HK Orleans, CT Richling, D Satcher, D Seffrin, J Williams, C Williams, LN Keller, PA Baker, TB TI Preventing 3 million premature deaths and helping 5 million smokers quit: A national action plan for tobacco cessation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SMOKING-CESSATION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION; CONTROL-PROGRAM; HEALTH-CARE; INTERVENTIONS; CALIFORNIA; CAMPAIGN; EXPENDITURES; TAXES AB In August 2002, the Subcommittee on Cessation of the Interagency Committee on Smoking and Health (ICSH) was charged with developing recommendations to substantially increase rates of tobacco cessation in the United States. The subcommittee's report, A National Action Plan for Tobacco Cessation, outlines 10 recommendations for reducing premature morbidity and mortality by helping millions of Americans stop using tobacco. The plan includes both evidence-based, population-wide strategies designed to promote cessation (e.g., a national quitline network) and a Smokers' Health Fund to finance the programs (through a $2 per pack excise tax increase). The subcommittee report was presented to the ICSH (February 11, 2003), which unanimously endorsed sending it to Secretary Thompson for his consideration. In this article, we summarize the national action plan. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Ctr Tobacco Res & Intervent, Madison, WI 53711 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Illinois, Hlth Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Univ Illinois, Policy Ctr, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Washington, DC USA. Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Detroit, MI USA. Ctr Med & Medicaid Serv, Baltimore, MD USA. Amer Legacy Fdn, Washington, DC USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Midw Business Grp Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Natl Ctr Primary Care, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Off Hlth Care Informat, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Dent Corps, Grayslake, IL USA. RP Fiore, MC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Ctr Tobacco Res & Intervent, 1930 Monroe St,Suite 200, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM mcf@ctri.medicine.wisc.edu FU NIMHD NIH HHS [U54 MD008173] NR 52 TC 162 Z9 163 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2004 VL 94 IS 2 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.2.205 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 770BP UT WOS:000188703600012 PM 14759928 ER PT J AU Goldman, ER Clapp, AR Anderson, GP Uyeda, HT Mauro, JM Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H AF Goldman, ER Clapp, AR Anderson, GP Uyeda, HT Mauro, JM Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H TI Multiplexed toxin analysis using four colors of quantum dot fluororeagents SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ARRAY BIOSENSOR; PROTEIN; NANOCRYSTALS; SYSTEM; ASSAY; RICIN AB Quantum dots (QDs) have the potential to simplify the performance of multiplexed analysis. In this work, we prepared bioinorganic conjugates made with highly luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals (CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs) and antibodies to perform multiplexed fluoroinummoassays. Sandwich inummoassays for the detection of cholera toxin, ricin, shiga-like toxin 1, and staphylococcal enterotoxin B were performed simultaneously in single wells of a microtiter plate. Initially the assay performance for the detection of each toxin was examined. We then demonstrated the simultaneous detection of the four toxins from a single sample probed with a mixture of all four QD-antibody reagents. Using a simple linear equation-based algorithm, it was possible to deconvolute the signal from mixed toxin samples, which allowed quantitation of all four toxins simultaneously. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goldman, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM erg@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; hedimat@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 30 TC 472 Z9 507 U1 23 U2 150 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 3 BP 684 EP 688 DI 10.1021/ac035083r PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 772CW UT WOS:000188823900030 PM 14750863 ER PT J AU Kelso, JM AF Kelso, JM TI The rate of systemic reactions to immunotherapy injections is the same whether or not the dose is reduced after a local reaction SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALLERGEN IMMUNOTHERAPY AB Background: Even though no studies have shown that local reactions to immunotherapy injections predict subsequent systemic reactions, many protocols continue to call for dose adjustments after local reactions. Objective: To determine whether the rate of systemic reactions to immunotherapy injections is affected by dose adjustment after local reactions. Methods: In our clinic before March 1999, if a patient had a local reaction to an immunotherapy injection, an adjustment was made to repeat or reduce the next dose. From March 1999 on, no such adjustments were made. At our outlying clinics, the adjustment protocol continued. A retrospective review was conducted for shots given from March 1997 to February 2001, recording whether an immunotherapy visit resulted in a systemic reaction. Results: In our clinic, there were 3,250 shot visits from March 1997 to February 1999 (adjustment protocol) and 4,692 visits from March 1999 to February 2001 (no adjustment protocol). The systemic reaction rate during the 2 periods was not different (1.11% vs 0.85%, P =.29). In the outlying clinics, there were 1,138 shot visits from March 1999 to February 2001 (adjustment protocol), and the systemic reaction rate was not different than in our clinic (no adjustment protocol) (0.88% vs 0.85%, P =.86). Conclusions: The rate of systemic reactions to immunotherapy injections is the same whether or not the dose is adjusted after a local reaction. These dose adjustments are thus unnecessary, and eliminating them lessens chances for errors and decreases the number of shots required to reach a therapeutic dose. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Allergy, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Navy Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. RP Kelso, JM (reprint author), Allergy Clin, 2650 Stockton Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM jmkelso@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 6 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 92 IS 2 BP 225 EP 227 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 776YZ UT WOS:000189148100006 PM 14989390 ER PT J AU Woolf, A Carstairs, SD Tanen, DA AF Woolf, A Carstairs, SD Tanen, DA TI Riluzole-induced methemoglobinemia SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Woolf, A (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. OI Carstairs, Shaun/0000-0003-4558-9704 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 43 IS 2 BP 294 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2003.08.012 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 770BX UT WOS:000188704300027 PM 15083846 ER PT J AU Araneta, MRG Kamens, DR Zau, AC Gastanaga, VM Schlangen, KM Hiliopoulos, KM Gray, GC AF Araneta, MRG Kamens, DR Zau, AC Gastanaga, VM Schlangen, KM Hiliopoulos, KM Gray, GC TI Conception and pregnancy during the Persian Gulf War: The risk to women veterans SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ectopic pregnancy; fetal death; Gulf War; military personnel; spontaneous abortion; servicewomen ID OPERATION DESERT STORM; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; HEALTH-CARE; EXPOSURE; ASSOCIATION; EXPERIENCE; OUTCOMES; INFANTS; BIRTH; NEEDS AB PURPOSE: To enumerate Gulf-War (GW) exposed conceptions and to compare reproductive outcomes of GW-exposed pregnancies with postwar conceptions of women Gulf War veterans (GWV) and women nondeployed veterans (NDV). METHODS: Deployment data and inpatient records from 153 military hospitals identified servicewomen who were pregnant between August 1990 and May 1992 and belonged to military units that were deployed to the Gulf War. Postal surveys were used in 1997 and 1998 to elicit reproductive history; responses were validated against military hospitalization records. Reproductive outcomes of GW-exposed pregnancies were compared with postwar conceptions of women GWVs and NDVs. RESULTS: 3285 women had a pregnancy-related admission; of these, 1558 completed the questionnaire. Self-reported reproductive outcomes and dates, gestational data, and individual deployment dates identified 415 Gulf War-exposed pregnancies, 298 GWV postwar conceptions, and 427 NDV conceptions. Compared with NDV conceptions, adverse reproductive outcomes were similar among GW-exposed pregnancies. However, spontaneous abortions [NDV: 9.1%, GWV postwar: 22.8%, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.92, 95% confidence interval (Cl): 1.9, 4.6] and ectopic pregnancies (NDV: 1.4%, GWV postwar: 10.7%, adjusted OR = 7.70, 95% Cl, 3.0, 20) were elevated for GWV postwar conceptions. CONCLUSION: GW-exposed conceptions and nondeployed conceptions had similar outcomes. However, GWV postwar conceptions were at increased risk for ectopic pregnancies and spontaneous abortions. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Araneta, MRG (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr,MC-0607, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM haraneta@ucsd.edu NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2003.08.006 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 777QF UT WOS:000189188500005 PM 15018883 ER PT J AU Graf, KW Sekiya, JK Wojtys, EM AF Graf, KW Sekiya, JK Wojtys, EM TI Long-term results after combined medial meniscal allograft transplantation and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Minimum 8.5-year follow-up study SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE allograft; transplantation; meniscus; meniscus deficiency; ACL ID DEFICIENT KNEE; PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION; TOTAL MENISCECTOMY; REPAIR; OSTEOARTHRITIS; ARTHROSCOPY; JOINTS; MODEL AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term results after medial meniscal allograft transplantation combined with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Type of Study: Retrospective clinical outcome study. Methods: Between 1990 and 1992, 9 medial meniscal allograft transplantations were performed in symptomatic knees with a previous total or near-total medial meniscectomy. One of the 9 patients required transplant removal postoperatively because of a presumed low-grade infection versus immune reaction. The remaining 8 patients were evaluated, with an average follow-up time of 9.7 years. All 8 patients underwent an ACL reconstruction. One patient also had a staged high tibial osteotomy. Results: All 8 patients were evaluated with the standard International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) form with no normal scores: 1 had a nearly normal score, 4 had abnormal scores, and 3 severely abnormal scores. The IKDC symptoms evaluation produced 2 normal scores, 5 nearly normal scores, and 1 abnormal score. The IKDC function test showed 5 normal scores, 1 nearly normal score, and 2 abnormal scores. Six of the 8 patients were extremely pleased with the function of the knee and were active in recreational sports. All 8 patients would recommend the procedure to a friend and would undergo the procedure again given similar circumstances. Conclusions: The findings of this study agree with several other studies with shorter follow-up times that medial meniscal allograft transplantation can significantly improve knee function in symptomatic medial meniscus-deficient knees. The addition of a ligament-stabilizing procedure probably improved the results in this patient population. Level of Evidence: Level IV, Case Series. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Sect Sports Med,MedSport, Ann Arbor, MI USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM jsekiya@hotmail.com NR 62 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD FEB PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.a;rthro.2003.11.032 PG 12 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 801IW UT WOS:000220090600003 PM 14760344 ER PT J AU Dorland, BN Currie, DG Hajian, AR AF Dorland, BN Currie, DG Hajian, AR TI Did eta Carinae's Weigelt blobs originate circa 1941? SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; ISM : jets and outflows; stars : individual (eta Carinae); stars : variables : other ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; HOMUNCULUS-NEBULA; EJECTA; SPECTROSCOPY; SHAPE AB We report astrometric measurements of eta Carinae's Weigelt blobs C and D ( also known as speckle objects C and D) derived from observations with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2. Using three epochs of data with a temporal baseline of 5.9 yr, we measure blob D's proper motion relative to the central star to be 4.4 +/- 1.4 mas yr(-1), implying a date of origin of 1934.1(-31.7)(+16.0) Similarly, using two epochs with a 1.7 yr baseline, we measure blob C's relative proper motion to be 3.8 +/- 5.6 mas yr(-1), indicating a probability of ejection after 1910 of approximate to60%; we view this as confirming the more accurate blob D results ( assuming coevality), with a combined post-1910 ejection indicated at a approximate to90% confidence level. The blob D date roughly coincides with the sudden brightening of the central star observed in 1941 and provides a possible explanation for the onset of certain narrow spectral features, associated with the Weigelt blobs, that have been observed only since the mid-1940s. We propose that the ejection of Weigelt blobs C and D was related to this 1941 event. C1 USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Dorland, BN (reprint author), USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 127 IS 2 BP 1052 EP 1058 DI 10.1086/380941 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 801FG UT WOS:000220081200037 ER PT J AU Tycner, C Hajian, AR Armstrong, JT Benson, JA Gilbreath, GC Hutter, DJ Lester, JB Mozurkewich, D Pauls, TA AF Tycner, C Hajian, AR Armstrong, JT Benson, JA Gilbreath, GC Hutter, DJ Lester, JB Mozurkewich, D Pauls, TA TI The circumstellar envelope of zeta Tauri through optical interferometry SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : emission-line, Be; stars : individual (zeta Tauri); techniques : interferometric ID ONE-ARMED OSCILLATIONS; GAMMA-CASSIOPEIAE; TERM VARIABILITY; RADIAL-VELOCITY; STARS; DISKS; GEOMETRY AB We present optical interferometric observations of the Be star zeta Tauri obtained using the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI). The multichannel capability of the NPOI allows a high-quality internal calibration of the squared visibilities corresponding to the Halpha emission from the circumstellar environment. The observations suggest a strong departure from circular symmetry and thus are described by an elliptical Gaussian model. We use a nonlinear least-squares fit to the data to obtain the likeliest parameters, and the corresponding uncertainties are determined using a Monte Carlo simulation. We obtain 3.14 +/- 0.21 mas for the angular size of the major axis, -62.degrees3 +/- 4.degrees4 for the position angle, and 0.310 +/- 0.072 for the axial ratio. By comparing our results with those already in the literature, we conclude that the model parameters describing the general characteristics of the circumstellar envelope of zeta Tau appear to be stable on timescales of years. We also compare our results with the known parameters describing the binary nature of zeta Tau, and we conclude that the envelope surrounds only the primary component and is well within its Roche lobe. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. RP Tycner, C (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. EM tycner@astro.utoronto.ca; hajian@usno.navy.mil; tom.armstrong@nrl.navy.mil; jbenson@sextans.lowell.edu; Charmaine.Gilbreath@nrl.navy.mil; djh@nofs.navy.mil; lester@astro.utoronto.ca; dave@mozurkewich.com; pauls@nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 127 IS 2 BP 1194 EP 1203 DI 10.1086/381068 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 801FG UT WOS:000220081200050 ER PT J AU Cohen, AS Rottgering, HJA Jarvis, MJ Kassim, NE Lazio, TJW AF Cohen, AS Rottgering, HJA Jarvis, MJ Kassim, NE Lazio, TJW TI A deep, high-resolution survey at 74 MHz SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE radio continuum : general; surveys ID SPECTRUM RADIO-SOURCES; K-Z RELATION; HIGH-REDSHIFT; FIND OBJECTS; SKY SURVEY; GALAXIES; EVOLUTION; SAMPLE; Z-GREATER-THAN-4; POPULATION AB We present a 74 MHz survey of a 165 deg(2) region located near the north Galactic pole. This survey has an unprecedented combination of both resolution (25" FWHM) and sensitivity (sigma as low as 24 mJy beam(-1)). We detect 949 sources at the 5 sigma level in this region, enough to begin exploring the nature of the 74 MHz source population. We present differential source counts, spectral index measurements, and the size distribution as determined from counterparts in the high-resolution FIRST 1.4 GHz survey. We find a trend of steeper spectral indices for the brighter sources. Further, there is a clear correlation between spectral index and median source size, with the flat spectrum sources being much smaller on average. Ultra-steep spectrum objects (alpha less than or equal to -1.2; S-nu proportional to nu(alpha)) are identified, and we present high-resolution VLA follow-up observations of these sources which, identified at such a low frequency, are excellent candidates for high-redshift radio galaxies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Leiden Observ, Sterrewacht, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Cohen, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM aaron.cohen@nrl.navy.mil; rottgeri@strw.leidenuniv.nl; mjj@astro.ox.ac.uk; namir.kassim@nrl.navy.mil; joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 150 IS 2 BP 417 EP 430 DI 10.1086/380783 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 769NN UT WOS:000188656800003 ER PT J AU McLay, RN Drake, A Santiago, PN Kim, CH AF McLay, RN Drake, A Santiago, PN Kim, CH TI Major depressive disorder with psychotic features in an aviator after head trauma SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BRAIN INJURY AB We present a case in which a Naval aviator suffered an unusual sequence of neuropsychiatric symptoms after head trauma. He demonstrated subtle deficits on several measures 1 mo after the trauma. Repeat testing at 8 mo showed apparent recovery, and the patient was cleared to return to flight status. Unbeknownst to medical staff, the patient was still experiencing difficulties. He was found in a severely debilitated state and exhibiting psychotic features 12 mo after his initial trauma. The patient was hospitalized in a psychiatric ward, and with prolonged inpatient and outpatient treatment, he eventually recovered. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Mental Hlth Serv, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Def Vet Brain Injury Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP McLay, RN (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Mental Hlth Serv, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM rnmclay@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 75 IS 2 BP 175 EP 179 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 766PD UT WOS:000188384000014 PM 14960056 ER PT J AU Merrill, LL Crouch, JL Thomsen, CJ Guimond, JM AF Merrill, LL Crouch, JL Thomsen, CJ Guimond, JM TI Risk for intimate partner violence and child physical abuse: Psychosocial characteristics of multirisk male and female Navy recruits SO CHILD MALTREATMENT LA English DT Article DE intimate partner violence; child physical abuse ID ALCOHOLISM SCREENING-TEST; POTENTIAL INVENTORY; ADOLESCENT MOTHERS; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; PREDICTION; SUBTYPES; CONFLICT; VALIDITY; NEGLECT; PROGRAM AB This study examined psychosocial characteristics of individuals at risk for Perpetrating both intimate partner violence (IPV risk) and child physical abuse (CPA risk). The sample consisted of 775 female and 592 male Navy recruits. The psychosocial variables assessed included symptoms of dysphoria, posttraumatic stress, self-dysfunction, alcohol-related problems, and drug use. IPV risk and CPA risk were positively associated with approximately 9% of the total sample considered multirisk (i.e., positive for both IPV risk and CPA risk). Results of regression analyses revealed that Patterns of predictors (demographic and psychosocial variables) for IPV-risk only and CPA-risk only differed with multi-risk individuals characterized by the combined Predictors of both types of violence risk. Nearly half (47.2%) of the multirisk individuals were characterized by multiple (i.e., two or more) clinical elevations on the psychosocial characteristics assessed. C1 No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Merrill, LL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. OI Guimond, Jennifer/0000-0002-8887-5885 NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-5595 J9 CHILD MALTREATMENT JI Child Maltreatment PD FEB PY 2004 VL 9 IS 1 BP 18 EP 29 DI 10.1177/1077559503260852 PG 12 WC Family Studies; Social Work SC Family Studies; Social Work GA 856FA UT WOS:000224029900002 PM 14870995 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Shen, CY Evans, TE Lindemann, GJ Hallock, ZR Shay, LK AF Marmorino, GO Shen, CY Evans, TE Lindemann, GJ Hallock, ZR Shay, LK TI Use of 'velocity projection' to estimate the variation of sea-surface height from HF Doppler radar current measurements SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE velocity projection; sea-surface slope; HF doppler radar; current profiles; nowcasts ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; OUTFLOW AB The technique of 'velocity projection' (J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 6973) is used to estimate the Sea-surface height field and its change over time front measurements of surface velocity made using a shore-based HF Doppler radar over a 30 x 30-km region of the continental shelf located near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay (USA). projected Current profiles are compared with Measured currents from an array of acoustic Doppler current profilers, and the consistency and sensitivity of the projection to model assumption are also examined. Using projected values of the local surface slope, a model sea-surface eta(x,y) is least-Squares fit over the study region at each Measurement time. The error associated with these fits provides an internal check on the validity of the projection results. The slope of the model sea-surface shows a set-up toward the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay during downwelling-favourable winds and a counterclockwise rotation over the tidal cycle that is consistent with linear, shallow-water dynamics. A time series of sea-level difference extracted from the eta maps shows a dominant M-2 tidal signal that compares well with measurements of bottom pressure made at two moorings. With proper attention to limits of applicability, such projection-based sea-surface slope fields (as well as other projection results) may be useful in diagnostic calculations or as nowcasts for use with prognostic models. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7250, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marmorino@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 353 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2003.10.011 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 800JY UT WOS:000220025800004 ER EF