FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Blawzdziewicz, J Wajnryb, E Given, JA Hubbard, JB AF Blawzdziewicz, J Wajnryb, E Given, JA Hubbard, JB TI Sharp scalar and tensor bounds on the hydrodynamic friction and mobility of arbitrarily shaped bodies in Stokes flow SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID RIGID MACROMOLECULES; PROTEIN HYDRATION; DIFFUSION; PARTICLES; DEPOLARIZATION; CONFORMATION; CAPACITANCE; ALGORITHM; MOTION; CHAINS AB We prove rigorous inequalities for the hydrodynamic translational friction and mobility matrices zeta and mu(O) of an arbitrarily shaped rigid particle in terms of the electrostatic capacitance C of a conducting particle of identical shape. Specifically, we derive the scalar and matrix inequalities 1/3tr zeta(-1)less than or equal to1/3tr mu(O)less than or equal toC(-1) and 2/3zeta (-1)less than or equal toC (-1) I, where all quantities are normalized by the corresponding values for a sphere, and the mobility matrix is evaluated in the center-of-mobility reference frame. These bounds are obtained using a variational approach with the energy dissipation functional expressed in terms of the induced force distribution on the surface of the particle. To relate the hydrodynamic problem to the solution of the corresponding electrostatic problem, the trial force field is expressed in terms of the charge distribution on the equipotential particle surface. This procedure yields the first rigorous bounds on hydrodynamic friction that apply to bodies with translation-rotation coupling. We demonstrate that the error of the Hubbard-Douglas approximation 1/3tr zeta (-1)approximate toC (-1), corresponding to our scalar bound, is quadratic in the deviation of the trial induced-force field from the exact form-which explains why this relation is highly accurate for many particle shapes. Our numerical results confirm that the Hubbard-Douglas approximation is accurate for a variety of objects, including helices with translational-rotational coupling. In addition, we establish a rigorous, sharp bound on the effective (scalar) Brownian diffusion coefficient of an arbitrarily shaped particle. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. IPPT, Warsaw, Poland. RP Blawzdziewicz, J (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, POB 20826, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RI Wajnryb, Eligiusz/E-5057-2015 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 AR 033602 DI 10.1063/1.1852315 PG 9 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 902QW UT WOS:000227372600033 ER PT J AU Flack, KA Schultz, MP Shapiro, TA AF Flack, KA Schultz, MP Shapiro, TA TI Experimental support for Townsend's Reynolds number similarity hypothesis on rough walls SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYERS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; PRESSURE-GRADIENT; SMOOTH; FLOWS AB The Reynolds number similarity hypothesis of Townsend [The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flow (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1976)] states that the turbulence beyond a few roughness heights from the wall is independent of the surface condition. The underlying assumption is that the boundary layer thickness delta is large compared to the roughness height k. This hypothesis was tested experimentally on two types of three-dimensional rough surfaces. Boundary layer measurements were made on flat plates covered with sand grain and woven mesh roughness in a closed return water tunnel at a momentum thickness Reynolds number Re-theta of similar to14 000. The boundary layers on the rough walls were in the fully rough flow regime (k(s)(+)greater than or equal to100) with the ratio of the boundary layer thickness to the equivalent sand roughness height delta/k(s) greater than 40. The results show that the mean velocity profiles for rough and smooth walls collapse well in velocity defect form in the overlap and outer regions of the boundary layer. The Reynolds stresses for the two rough surfaces agree well throughout most of the boundary layer and collapse with smooth wall results outside of 3k(s). Higher moment turbulence statistics and quadrant analysis also indicate the differences in the rough wall boundary layers are confined to y<5k(s). The present results provide support for Townsend's Reynolds number similarity hypothesis for uniform three-dimensional roughness in flows where delta/k(s)greater than or equal to40. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Flack, KA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 NR 40 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 AR 035102 DI 10.1063/1.1843135 PG 9 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 902QW UT WOS:000227372600042 ER PT J AU Housiadas, KD Beris, AN Handler, RA AF Housiadas, KD Beris, AN Handler, RA TI Viscoelastic effects on higher order statistics and on coherent structures in turbulent channel flow SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MAXIMUM DRAG REDUCTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; POLYMER ADDITIVES; REYNOLDS STRESS; WALL REGION; DYNAMICS; DNS; DECOMPOSITION; MECHANISMS AB In this work we study, using the results of direct numerical simulations [Housiadas and Beris, "Polymer-induced drag reduction: Viscoelastic and inertia effects of the variations in viscoelasticity and inertia," Phys. Fluids 15, 2369 (2003)], the effects of changes in the flow viscoelasticity and the friction Reynolds number on several higher order statistics of turbulence, such as the Reynolds stress, the enstrophy, the averaged equations for the conformation tensor, as well as on the coherent structures through a Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) analysis and selected flow and conformation visualizations. In particular, it is shown that, as the zero friction Weissenberg number We(tau0) increases (for a constant zero friction Reynolds number Re-tau0) dramatic reductions take place in many terms in the averaged equations for the Reynolds stresses and in all terms of the averaged enstrophy equations. From a Karhunen-Loeve analysis of the eigenmodes of the flow we saw that the presence of viscoelasticity increases significantly the coherence and energy content of the first few modes. The K-L dimension of the flow at We(tau0)=125 is fully one order of magnitude lower than its Newtonian counterpart. As far as the effect of viscoelasticity is concerned, it is manifested primarily by changes in the boundary layer, which are mostly accomplished by We(tau0)=50-62.5. In comparison, increasing the Re-tau0, from 125 to 590, induces significant changes in various terms in the budgets, despite the fact that the drag reduction remains practically the same over that range. However, the near the wall region seems to change significantly only up to Re-tau0=395, with few changes observed upon a further increase to Re-tau0=590. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Beris, AN (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 48 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 AR 035106 DI 10.1063/1.1850920 PG 20 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 902QW UT WOS:000227372600046 ER PT J AU LePell, PD Hansen, SB Shlyaptseva, AS Coverdale, C Deeney, C Apruzese, JP Fournier, KB Safronova, UI AF LePell, PD Hansen, SB Shlyaptseva, AS Coverdale, C Deeney, C Apruzese, JP Fournier, KB Safronova, UI TI Axial and temporal gradients in Mo wire array Z pinches SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID K-SHELL RADIATION; DIAMOND PHOTOCONDUCTING DETECTORS; X-RAY-SPECTRUM; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; COLLISION STRENGTHS; IMPLOSION PHASE; Z ACCELERATOR; HIGH-VELOCITY; IONS; POWER AB Three nested molybdenum wire arrays with initial outer diameters of 45, 50, and 55 mm were imploded by the similar to20 MA, 90 ns rise-time current pulse of Sandia's Z accelerator. The implosions generated Mo plasmas with approximate to10% of the array's initial mass reaching Ne-like and nearby ionization stages. These ions emitted 2-4 keV L-shell x rays with radiative powers approaching 10 TW. Mo L-shell spectra with axial and temporal resolution were captured and have been analyzed using a collisional-radiative model. The measured spectra indicate significant axial variation in the electron density, which increases from a few times 10(20) cm(-3) at the cathode up to similar to3x10(21) cm(-3) near the middle of the 20 mm plasma column (8 mm from the anode). Time-resolved spectra indicate that the peak electron density is reached before the peak of the L-shell emission and decreases with time, while the electron temperature remains within 10% of 1.7 keV over the 20-30 ns L-shell radiation pulse. Finally, while the total yield, peak total power, and peak L-shell power all tended to decrease with increasing initial wire array diameters, the L-shell yield and the average plasma conditions varied little with the initial wire array diameter. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Nevada, Phys Dept 220, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46566 USA. RP LePell, PD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAR PY 2005 VL 12 IS 3 AR 032701 DI 10.1063/1.1840666 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 902VV UT WOS:000227385700024 ER PT J AU Walters, RJ Summers, GP Messenger, SR Morton, TL AF Walters, RJ Summers, GP Messenger, SR Morton, TL TI SAVANT analysis of the Microelectronics and Photonics Testbed solar cell data SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology (SPRAT 18 ) CY SEP 16-18, 2003 CL Ohio Aerospace Inst, Cleveland, OH SP NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Photovolta & Space Environm Effects Branch HO Ohio Aerospace Inst DE solar cell; radiation effects; space experiment; displacement damage ID RADIATION; DAMAGE AB An analysis of solar array data from the Microelectronic and Photonic Testbed (MPTB) space experiment is presented. The data are analyzed using the displacement damage dose (D-d) methodology developed by the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) as implemented in the Solar Array Verification and Analysis Tool (SAVANT). SAVANT is a Windows(TM)-based computer code that predicts the on-orbit performance of a solar cell in a specified Earth orbit. The predicted solar cell performance produced by the SAVANT code are compared with the measured on-orbit data. In addition, the calculated data are compared with onboard dosimeter measurements. The results allow both a validation of the SAVANT code and a comparison of the space environment models with measured on-orbit data. The results show the models to match the measured data within a factor of 2. Published in 2005 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6818,Bldg 135,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.walters@nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD MAR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 2 BP 103 EP 113 DI 10.1002/pip.607 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 904RV UT WOS:000227516300003 ER PT J AU Messenger, SR Burke, EA Walters, RJ Warner, JH Summers, GP AF Messenger, SR Burke, EA Walters, RJ Warner, JH Summers, GP TI Using SRIM to calculate the relative damage coefficients for solar cells SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology (SPRAT 18 ) CY SEP 16-18, 2003 CL Ohio Aerospace Inst, Cleveland, OH SP NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Photovolta & Space Environm Effects Branch HO Ohio Aerospace Inst DE displacement damage; nonionizing energy loss; Monte Carlo transport simulations; SRIM ID ENERGY-LOSS NIEL; HEAVY-IONS; RADIATION AB It is shown how the widely available computer code SRIM can be used to calculate proton relative damage coefficients (RDCs) for solar cells. This approach is important in cases when the incident proton energy is reduced significantly in traversing the active volume of the cell and, consequently, when analytic calculations of the nonionizing energy loss (NIEL) are not satisfactory for calculating the energy dependence of the RDCs. In the SRIM approach it is assumed that the RDCs are proportional to the total number of vacancies formed. The calculation involves integrating the 'vacancy.txt' files produced by SRIM over the active depth of the cells and normalizing the results to the number of total vacancies produced by 10 MeV protons. The RDCs calculated from SRIM are found to agree wen with experimentally measured values for both Si and multijunction (MJ) solar cells. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. UMBC, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Messenger, SR (reprint author), SFA Inc, 9315 Largo Dr W, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM messenger@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD MAR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 2 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1002/pip.608 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 904RV UT WOS:000227516300004 ER PT J AU Roberts, NC Bradley, RT AF Roberts, NC Bradley, RT TI Organizing for peace operations SO PUBLIC MANAGEMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article DE organizing; peace operations; post-conflict reconstruction; organizational forms AB There have been two general approaches to organizing for peace operations: an ad hoc approach, in which entities independently intervene and operate on the basis of their unique expertise and interest; and a top down approach, in which all entities are directed and controlled by a single authority. Using the UN experience in Afghanistan, we demonstrate how this view of the organizing problem is limited. Instead, we develop a typology that distinguishes among three systems for organizing peace operations-Command, Market and Community-on the basis of their differences on four analytic dimensions (agency, social attachment, social control and inter-organizational relations). Our analysis of the UN experience in Afghanistan demonstrates the utility of our framework for both theory and practice. C1 USN, Grad Sch Int Studies, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Inst Whole Social Sci, Carmel, CA 93923 USA. RP Roberts, NC (reprint author), USN, Grad Sch Int Studies, Postgrad Sch, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nroberts@nps.edu NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1471-9037 J9 PUBLIC MANAG REV JI Public Manag. Rev. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 7 IS 1 BP 111 EP 133 DI 10.1080/1471903042000339446 PG 23 WC Management; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 983TK UT WOS:000233254800006 ER PT J AU Tramposch, J Homer, L Szkody, P Henden, A Silvestri, NM Yirak, K Fraser, OJ Brinkmann, J AF Tramposch, J Homer, L Szkody, P Henden, A Silvestri, NM Yirak, K Fraser, OJ Brinkmann, J TI SDSS J210014.12+004446.0: A new dwarf nova with quiescent superhumps? SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; DATA RELEASE; SUPEROUTBURST; SIMULATIONS; BINARIES; SYSTEM AB We report follow-up observations of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey cataclysmic variable SDSS J210014.12 + 004446.0 ( hereafter SDSS J2100). We obtained photometry and spectroscopy in both outburst and quiescent states, providing the first quiescent spectrum of this source. In both states, nonsinusoidal photometric modulations suggestive of superhumps are apparent, placing SDSS J2100 in the SU UMa subclass of dwarf novae. However, the periods during outburst and quiescence differ significantly, at 2.099 +/- 0.002 and 1.96 +/- 0.02 hr, respectively. Our phase-resolved spectroscopy during outburst yielded an estimate of similar to 2 hr for the orbital period, consistent with the photometry. The presence of the shorter period modulation at quiescence is unusual, but not unique. Another atypical feature is the relative weakness of the Balmer emission lines in quiescence. Overall, we find a close similarity between SDSS J2100 and the well-studied superhump cataclysmic variable V503 Cygni. By analogy, we suggest that the quiescent modulation is due to a tilted accretion disk producing negative superhumps - and the modulation in outburst is due to positive superhumps from the precession of an elliptical disk. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Tramposch, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jonica@u.washington.edu; homer@astro.washington.edu; szkody@astro.washington.edu; aah@nofs.navy.mil; nms@astro.washington.edu; yirak@pas.rochester.edu; fraser@astro.washington.edu; jb@apo.nmsu.edu NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 117 IS 829 BP 262 EP 267 DI 10.1086/428271 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 906EP UT WOS:000227623600005 ER PT J AU Jakobsson, M Gardner, JV Vogt, PR Mayer, LA Armstrong, A Backman, J Brennan, R Calder, B Hall, JK Kraft, B AF Jakobsson, M Gardner, JV Vogt, PR Mayer, LA Armstrong, A Backman, J Brennan, R Calder, B Hall, JK Kraft, B TI Multibeam bathymetric and sediment profiler evidence for ice grounding on the Chukchi Borderland, Arctic Ocean SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ice grounding; Chukchi Borderland; multibeam bathymetry; iceberg scour ID PLEISTOCENE ICEBERG PLOWMARKS; LOMONOSOV RIDGE SEDIMENTS; NORTHERN EURASIA; YERMAK PLATEAU; SEA-LEVEL; SHEET; CIRCULATION; LAURENTIDE; SIDESCAN; SHELVES AB Multibearn bathymetry and 3.5-kHz sub-bottoin profiler data collected from the US icebreaker Healy in 2003 provide convincing evidence for grounded ice on the Chukchi Borderland off the northern Alaskan margin, Arctic Ocean. The data show parallel, glacially induced seafloor scours, or grooves, and intervening ridges that reach widths of 1000 in (rim to rim) and as much as 40 m relief. Following previous authors, we refer to these features as "megascale glacial lineations (MSGLs)." Additional support for ice garounding is apparent from stratigraphic unconformities, interpreted to have been caused by ice-induced erosion. Most likely, the observed sea-floor features represent evidence for massive ice-shelf grounding. The general ESE/WNW direction of the MSGLs, together with sediment, evidently bulldozed off the Chukchi Plateau, that is mapped on the western (Siberian) side of the plateau, suggests ice flow from the Canada Basin side of Chukchi Borderland. Two separate generations of glacially derived MSGLs are identified oil the Chukchi Borderland from the Healy; geophysical data. The deepest and oldest extensive MSGLs appear to be draped by sediments less than 5 in thick, 1,whereas no sediment drape call be distinguished within the resolution of the sub-bottom profiles oil the younger generation. (c) 2005 University of Washington. All rights reserved. C1 Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol & Geochem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Joint Hydrog Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jakobsson, M (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol & Geochem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM martin.jakobsson@geo.su.se RI Jakobsson, Martin/F-6214-2010; OI Jakobsson, Martin/0000-0002-9033-3559 NR 40 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 63 IS 2 BP 150 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2004.12.004 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 905MZ UT WOS:000227574100004 ER PT J AU Boyer, CN Holland, GE Seely, JF AF Boyer, CN Holland, GE Seely, JF TI Intense nanosecond duration source of 10-250 keV x rays suitable for imaging projectile-induced cavitation in human cadaver tissue SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SPACE-CHARGE; CURRENTS; VACUUM AB The design, fabrication, and performance of a repetitive nanosecond x-ray source having a pumped field-emission x-ray tube are described. A compact Marx generator, 61 cm in length and storing 12 J energy, directly drives the field-emission tube with voltage pulses >380 kV and with < 4 ns rise time from an equivalent generator impedance of 52 Omega. The x-ray dose is 520 mu Sv at a distance of 30.5 cm. A numerical simulation model is used in which the x-ray tube's cathode width and anode-cathode gap spacing are permitted to change with time, while electron flow between the cathode and anode is space charge limited and nonrelativistic. The x-ray tube model is coupled to an equivalent circuit representation of the Marx generator that includes the capacitance variation with charging voltage of the BaTiO3 capacitors. The capabilities of the x-ray source for flash radiography have been demonstrated by the study of the evolution of cavitation in human cadaver legs induced by high-velocity projectiles. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. Sachs Freeman Associates Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 76 IS 3 AR 035109 DI 10.1063/1.1864792 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 904WV UT WOS:000227530200047 ER PT J AU Wang, J Hamed, GR Umetsu, K Roland, CM AF Wang, J Hamed, GR Umetsu, K Roland, CM TI The Payne effect in double network elastomers SO RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RUBBER DOUBLE NETWORKS; NATURAL-RUBBER; CARBON-BLACK; CROSS-LINKS; STRAIN; BEHAVIOR; ELASTICITY; RESISTANCE; MODEL AB Double network elastomers were prepared by curing under strain previously-crosslinked natural rubber or styrene-butadiene copolymer. The rubbers were reinforced with carbon black, so that the conventional (singly-cured) materials exhibited a substantial Payne effect, reflecting agglomeration of the filler particles. This effect was much reduced in the double networks - the storage modulus varied more weakly with strain amplitude, and the mechanical hysteresis was substantially smaller. Comparable results were obtained for dynamic mechanical measurements employing different test geometries; that is, the effect is independent of the direction of the strain relative to the orientation of the double network. These results indicate that deformation during the imposition of a second network disrupts the carbon black agglomerates. and this deflocculated structure is stabilized by the second crosslinking. Thus, double network processing is a general means to lower the hysteresis of filled rubbers. C1 Univ Akron, Inst Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hamed, GR (reprint author), Univ Akron, Inst Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM ltamed@polymer.uakron.edu; roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC PI AKRON PA RUBBER DIV UNIV AKRON PO BOX 499, AKRON, OH 44309-0499 USA SN 0035-9475 J9 RUBBER CHEM TECHNOL JI Rubber Chem. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 78 IS 1 BP 76 EP 83 DI 10.5254/1.3547874 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 924PE UT WOS:000228990000006 ER PT J AU Seltzer, MD Berry, KH AF Seltzer, MD Berry, KH TI Laser ablation ICP-MS profiling and semiquantitative determination of trace element concentrations in desert tortoise shells: documenting the uptake of elemental toxicants SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE laser ablation; ICP-MS; desert tortoise; trace elements; zinc; arsenic ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MULTIELEMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; HUMAN HAIR; CALIFORNIA; TEETH; NAILS; CARBONATES; EXPOSURE; METALS AB The outer keratin layer (scute) of desert tortoise shells consists of incrementally grown laminae in which various bioaccumulated trace elements are sequestered during scute deposition. Laser ablation ICP-MS examination of laminae in scutes of dead tortoises revealed patterns of trace elemental distribution from which the chronology of elemental uptake can be inferred. These patterns may be of pathologic significance in the case of elemental toxicants such as arsenic, which has been linked to both shell and respiratory diseases. Laser ablation transects, performed along the lateral surfaces of sectioned scutes, offered the most successful means of avoiding exogenous contamination that was present on the scute exterior. Semiquantitative determination of elemental concentrations was achieved using sulfur, a keratin matrix element, as an internal standard. The results presented here highlight the potential of laser ablation ICP-MS as a diagnostic tool for investigating toxic element uptake as it pertains to tortoise morbidity and mortality. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Box Springs Field Stn, Moreno Valley, CA 92553 USA. RP Seltzer, MD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, Code 4T4230D,1900 N Knox Rd Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM michael.seltzer@navy.mil NR 43 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 339 IS 1-3 BP 253 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.07.027 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910FK UT WOS:000227915700020 PM 15740773 ER PT J AU Elmore, PA Richardson, MD Friedrichs, CT AF Elmore, PA Richardson, MD Friedrichs, CT TI Mine burial by scour in shallow seas: Prediction and experiments - A model for predicting scour shows promise toward forecasting mine burial in sandy bottoms SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Mapping Charting & Geodesy Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Elmore, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mapping Charting & Geodesy Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 46 IS 3 BP 10 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 908KP UT WOS:000227786200002 ER PT J AU White, BJ Harmon, HJ AF White, BJ Harmon, HJ TI Enzyme-based detection of sarin (GB) using planar waveguide absorbance spectroscopy SO SENSOR LETTERS LA English DT Article DE GB; nerve agent; acetylcholinesterase; planar waveguide; biosensor; porphyrin ID REAGENT-LESS DETECTION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; MICROBIAL BIOSENSOR; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PASTE ELECTRODE; NERVE AGENTS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; INHIBITORS; SURFACE; SENSOR AB The nerve agent GB also known as sarin is a potentially fatal chemical known to have been used in combat zones and during terrorist attacks. An inexpensive, portable, nerve agent sensor for use by first responders and military personnel is of interest due to the continuing threat of attacks involving chemicals such as GB. Sensors based on cholinesterases have the potential to meet this need as these enzymes are strongly inhibited by organophosphate compounds including nerve agents. Here we demonstrate the application of acetylcholinesterase based detection of GB using planar wave guide absorbance spectroscopy. Detection of levels of GB as low as 100 parts per trillion in solution and 250 picograms in vapor are demonstrated. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Harmon, HJ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM jharmon@okstate.edu RI Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008 OI Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-198X J9 SENS LETT JI Sens. Lett. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 3 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1166/sl.2005.002 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 004QA UT WOS:000234766100006 ER PT J AU White, BJ Harmon, HJ AF White, BJ Harmon, HJ TI Competitive inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by water soluble porphyrins: Use of carbonic anhydrase as a CO2 sensor SO SENSOR LETTERS LA English DT Article DE porphyrin; carbonic anhydrase; absorbance spectroscopy; planar waveguide ID REAGENT-LESS DETECTION; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; COMPLEXES; METAL; ZINC; VOLCANO; ENZYME; ALPHA AB Zinc metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the hydration of carbon dioxide as part of mammalian respiration. Carbonic anhydrase interacts with several porphyrins and metalloporphyrins resulting in specific changes in the porphyrin absorbance spectra. Two copper metalloporphyrins, copper-monosulfonate tetraphenyl porphyrin and copper-monocarboxy tetraphenyl porphyrin, reversibly and competitively inhibit carbonic anhydrase binding at the active site of the enzyme. Non-metallated porphyrins do not inhibit enzymatic activity. The absorbance spectrum of immobilized porphyrin-enzyme complex is measured by planar waveguide evanescent wave absorbance spectroscopy with a blue LED as a light source and an Ocean Optics USB2000 spectrophotometer. The characteristics of the absorbance spectra of the porphyrins are specific and different when bound to the active site of the enzyme or bound non-specifically to the surface of the slide. The reversible competitive inhibition of immobilized carbonic anhydrase can be used to indicate the presence of the competitive inhibitors saccharin, 1,10-phenanthroline, and cysteine in solution as well as to quantify carbon dioxide in gas samples based on the porphyrin absorbance spectrum. When the porphyrin-enzyme complex is exposed to a competitive inhibitor or to carbon dioxide, the porphyrin is displaced from the active site and its the absorbance spectrum changes. Carbon dioxide levels between 1,000 (0.1%) and 10,000 parts per million (1.0%) can be measured. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Harmon, HJ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM jharmon@okstate.edu RI Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008 OI Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-198X J9 SENS LETT JI Sens. Lett. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 3 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1166/sl.2005.008 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 004QA UT WOS:000234766100010 ER PT J AU Gutting, BW Gaske, KS Schilling, AS Slaterbeck, AF Sobota, L Mackie, RS Buhr, TL AF Gutting, BW Gaske, KS Schilling, AS Slaterbeck, AF Sobota, L Mackie, RS Buhr, TL TI Differential susceptibility of macrophage cell lines to Bacillus anthracis - Vollum 1B SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE macrophage; Vollum 1B; anthrax; toxicity; lethal factor ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; LETHAL TOXIN; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; SPORES; RESISTANT; MICE; TOXICITY; BURST AB Bacillus anthracis (BA) is a spore forming bacterium and the causative agent of anthrax disease. Macrophages (Mphis) play a central role in anthrax disease. An important step in disease progression is the ability of BA to secrete lethal toxin (LeTx) that kills Mphis. LeTx is a heterodimer composed of protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF). Researchers have shown that M cell lines demonstrate differential susceptibility to purified LeTx; for example RAW264.7 and J774A.1 Mphis are sensitive to LeTx whereas IC-21 Mphis are resistant. Research has also suggested that exogenous factors, including other BA proteins, can influence the activity of LeTx. For this reason, the objective of the current work was to examine if RAW264.7, J774A.1, and IC-21 Mphis demonstrated differential susceptibility when cultured with a LeTx-producing strain of BA. Here, we co-cultured Mphis with LeTx(+) Vollum I B (VI B) spores for > 15h and assayed for Mphi cell death by morphology, trypan blue (TB) staining, neutral red (NR) activity, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the culture media. Following the addition of V1B spores, necrosis (approximate to50% mortality) was observed in RAW264.7 and J774A.1 Mphis at 7.5 and 10h, respectively. By 15h, both RAW264.7 and J774A.1 Mphis demonstrated 100% mortality. In contrast, IC-21 Mphis, under identical culture conditions, remained viable (98%) and activated throughout the course of the experiment (> 24h). The mechanism of RAW264.7 cell death appeared to involve LeTx because the V1B-induced cytotoxicity was dose-dependently reversed by the addition of anti-PA antibody to the culture media. These observations suggest there is differential susceptibility of Mphi cell lines to the LeTx(+) V1B strain of BA. Further development of this in vitro model may be useful to further characterize the interactions between Mphis and BA spores. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Chem Biol & Radiol Def Div, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22553 USA. RP Gutting, BW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Chem Biol & Radiol Def Div, Dahlgren Div, 17322 Dahlgren Rd,Bldg 1480,Code B54, Dahlgren, VA 22553 USA. EM B50@nswc.navy.mil NR 39 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD MAR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.tiv.2004.08.007 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 902NR UT WOS:000227364300009 PM 15649636 ER PT J AU Winner, AC AF Winner, AC TI The proliferation security initiative: The new face of interdiction SO WASHINGTON QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 USN War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Winner, AC (reprint author), USN War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0163-660X J9 WASH QUART JI Wash. Q. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 129 EP 143 DI 10.1162/0163660053295211 PG 15 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 908HN UT WOS:000227778200009 ER PT J AU Haas, DM Pazdernik, LA Olsen, CH AF Haas, DM Pazdernik, LA Olsen, CH TI A cross-sectional survey of the relationship between partner deployment and stress in pregnancy during wartime SO WOMENS HEALTH ISSUES LA English DT Article ID OPERATION-RESTORE-HOPE; GULF-WAR VETERANS; WOMEN; SOLDIERS; OUTCOMES; ANXIETY; SOMALIA; BIRTH; LIFE AB Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if having a partner deployed during wartime increased the stress levels in pregnant women and altered their attitudes toward pregnancy. Methods: We administered a cross-sectional survey of all military and civilian women attending the antenatal clinic at Naval Hospital Camp Lejeune. We collected the anonymous surveys in May 2003. The survey measured demographics, self-reported stress level, and other attitudes toward the pregnancy and deployment; blood pressure was recorded. Data were compared by partner deployment status and reported stress levels using chi-square, t-tests, and logistic regression analysis. Results: Two hundred seventy-nine surveys were returned, representing 93.3% of those distributed. An almost equal number of patients had a partner deployed as nondeployed (49.1% versus 50.9%). Women with deployed partners were older, more had children at home, more often reported both significantly higher stress levels and a severe impact of the deployment on their stress, had a lower systolic blood pressure, more often reported changed eating habits, and reported that media coverage of the war worsened their stress than those whose partners were not deployed. Logistic regression analysis of stress found that partner deployment, having more than one child at home, and being active-duty were associated with reporting higher stress levels (odds ratio [OR] = 2.27, p =.013; OR = 3.11, p =:.042; and OR 4.03, p =.01, respectively). Conclusions: Pregnant women with deployed partners and those with more than one child already at home report higher stress levels than their peers with partners present. Increased stress in pregnant women with deployed partners may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further study is warranted to assess the impact of deployment on pregnancy and family life to better support homeland pregnant partners of deployed military members during wartime. C1 USN, Hosp Camp Lejeune, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jacksonville, NC 28547 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Biostat Consulting Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Haas, DM (reprint author), USN, Hosp Camp Lejeune, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 100 Brewster Blvd, Jacksonville, NC 28547 USA. EM dmhaas@nhcl.med.navy.mil RI Sandall, Jane/D-4146-2009 OI Sandall, Jane/0000-0003-2000-743X NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1049-3867 J9 WOMEN HEALTH ISS JI Womens Health Iss. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 48 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.whi.2004.12.002 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 909OG UT WOS:000227868600002 PM 15767194 ER PT J AU Kushto, GP Kim, WH Kafafi, ZH AF Kushto, GP Kim, WH Kafafi, ZH TI Flexible organic photovoltaics using conducting polymer electrodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; SOLAR-CELLS; ANODES; FILMS AB Single heterojunction, small-molecule organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) have been prepared on fully flexible thermoplastic substrates using prepatterned conducting polymer electrodes (similar to 450 Omega/square]). OPVs were fabricated via sequential vacuum vapor deposition of layers of the organic electron donating/hole transporting material: N,N'-(alpha-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine and the electron accepting/transporting material: C-60. The resulting photovoltaic cells exhibit white-light power conversion efficiencies of 1% (AM1.5, 97 mW/cm(2)), virtually identical to those fabricated on prepatterned tin-doped indium oxide/glass substrates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kushto@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; kafafi@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 9 AR 093502 DI 10.1063/1.1867568 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 924PT UT WOS:000228991600066 ER PT J AU Touse, MP Karunasiri, G Lantz, KR Li, H Mei, T AF Touse, MP Karunasiri, G Lantz, KR Li, H Mei, T TI Near- and mid-infrared detection using GaAs/InxGa1-xAs/InyGa1-yAs multiple step quantum wells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITIONS AB A dual-band multiple-quantum-well infrared photodetector capable of simultaneously detecting wavelengths near 0.9 mu m and 10 mu m has been fabricated using GaAs/InGaAs step quantum wells. The detection of the near (0.82-0.95 mu m)- and mid (9-11 mu m)-infrared wavelength bands was achieved using interband and intersubband transitions. The measured peak responsivities of the near- and mid-infrared bands were 0.4 A/W and 1 A/W respectively, at 0.8 V bias across the device. The broken symmetry of the step quantum well allows transitions from the ground states of heavy and light holes to the first-excited electron state allowing the photoexcited carriers to be efficiently collected. The estimated values of the detectivities for near- and mid-infrared bands at 40 K and 0.8 V bias are approximately 4.5 x 10(9) cm(Hz)(1/2)/W and 1.1 X 10(10) cm(Hz)(1/2)/W, respectively. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP Touse, MP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM karunasiri@nps.edu RI Mei, Ting/B-2850-2008 OI Mei, Ting/0000-0001-7756-040X NR 12 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 9 AR 093501 DI 10.1063/1.1871350 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 924PT UT WOS:000228991600065 ER PT J AU Singleton, CS Randall, CE Chipperfield, MP Davies, S Feng, W Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW Fromm, MD Manney, GL Harvey, VL AF Singleton, C. S. Randall, C. E. Chipperfield, M. P. Davies, S. Feng, W. Bevilacqua, R. M. Hoppel, K. W. Fromm, M. D. Manney, G. L. Harvey, V. L. TI 2002-2003 Arctic ozone loss deduced from POAM III satellite observations and the SLIMCAT chemical transport model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC POLAR VORTEX; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; WINTER; DEPLETION; RECONSTRUCTION; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; VALIDATION; DESCENT AB The SLIMCAT three-dimensional chemical transport model ( CTM) is used to infer chemical ozone loss from Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement ( POAM) III observations of stratospheric ozone during the Arctic winter of 2002-2003. Inferring chemical ozone loss from satellite data requires quantifying ozone variations due to dynamical processes. To accomplish this, the SLIMCAT model was run in a "passive" mode from early December until the middle of March. In these runs, ozone is treated as an inert, dynamical tracer. Chemical ozone loss is inferred by subtracting the model passive ozone, evaluated at the time and location of the POAM observations, from the POAM measurements themselves. This "CTM Passive Subtraction" technique relies on accurate initialization of the CTM and a realistic description of vertical/horizontal transport, both of which are explored in this work. The analysis suggests that chemical ozone loss during the 2002-2003 winter began in late December. This loss followed a prolonged period in which many polar stratospheric clouds were detected, and during which vortex air had been transported to sunlit latitudes. A series of stratospheric warming events starting in January hindered chemical ozone loss later in the winter of 2003. Nevertheless, by 15 March, the final date of the analysis, ozone loss maximized at 425K at a value of about 1.2 ppmv, a moderate amount of loss compared to loss during the unusually cold winters in the late-1990s. SLIMCAT was also run with a detailed stratospheric chemistry scheme to obtain the model-predicted loss. The SLIMCAT model simulation also shows a maximum ozone loss of 1.2 ppmv at 425 K, and the morphology of the loss calculated by SLIMCAT was similar to that inferred from the POAM data. These results from the recently updated version of SLIMCAT therefore give a much better quantitative description of polar chemical ozone loss than older versions of the same model. Both the inferred and modeled loss calculations show the early destruction in late December and the region of maximum loss descending in altitude through the remainder of the winter and early spring. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. RP Singleton, CS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, UCB 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM shaw@lasp.colorado.edu RI FENG, WUHU/B-8327-2008; Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI FENG, WUHU/0000-0002-9907-9120; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 40 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 5 BP 597 EP 609 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 901XP UT WOS:000227315900001 ER PT J AU Luo, WM Yu, QS Zhan, M Parrish, D Deschamps, JR Kulkarni, SS Holloway, HW Alley, GM Lahiri, DK Brossi, A Greig, NH AF Luo, WM Yu, QS Zhan, M Parrish, D Deschamps, JR Kulkarni, SS Holloway, HW Alley, GM Lahiri, DK Brossi, A Greig, NH TI Novel anticholinesterases based on the molecular skeletons of furobenzofuran and methanobenzodioxepine SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBAMATE ANALOGS; HUMAN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; TORPEDO-CALIFORNICA; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; BACK DOOR; INHIBITORS; BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; PHENSERINE; BINDING; PROTEIN AB Reductive cyclization of 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-methoxycarbonylmethylenebenzofuran-2(3H)-one (4) gave 5-hydroxy-3a-methyl-2,3,3a,8a-tatrahydrofuro[2,3-blbenzofuran (5) and the rearrangement product 7-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-2,5-methano-1,3-benzodioxepine (6). Reaction of compounds 5 and 6 with different isocyanates provided two series novel carbamates (7-12) whose structures were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. These were assessed for anticholinesterase action against freshly prepared human enzyme and proved to be potent inhibitors of either acetyl- (AChE) or butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with specific compounds exhibiting remarkable selectivity. Because the two series of carbamates (7-12) differ in their phenolic moieties, their respective potency and selectivity for AChE versus BChE was governed by their N-substituted groups. This same characteristic was also present in a series of physovenine analogues (1, 13, 15, 17) and physostigmine analogues (2, 14, 16, 18). These structure-activity relations proved valuable in elucidating the mechanisms underpinning the interaction between carbamate-based cholinesterase inhibitors and their enzyme target. In addition, because physostigmine analogues have demonstrated activity in lowering the Alzheimer's disease protein, amyloid precursor protein (APP), examples of the two new series of carbamates were characterized in culture assays of quantifying cell viability and synthesis of APP. C1 NIA, Gerontol Res Ctr, NIH,Res Resources Branch, Drug Design & Dev Sect,Lab Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NIA, Gerontol Res Ctr, NIH,Res Resources Branch, Bioinformat Unit, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Dept Navy, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIDA, Med Chem Sect, Intramural Res Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Greig, NH (reprint author), NIA, Gerontol Res Ctr, NIH,Res Resources Branch, Drug Design & Dev Sect,Lab Neurosci, 5600 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM Greign@grc.nia.nih.gov OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 47 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD FEB 24 PY 2005 VL 48 IS 4 BP 986 EP 994 DI 10.1021/jm049309+ PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 898ZU UT WOS:000227115500012 PM 15715468 ER PT J AU Haes, AJ Chang, L Klein, WL Van Duyne, RP AF Haes, AJ Chang, L Klein, WL Van Duyne, RP TI Detection of a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease from synthetic and clinical samples using a nanoscale optical biosensor SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; NOBLE-METAL NANOPARTICLES; RANGE DISTANCE DEPENDENCE; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; NANOSPHERE LITHOGRAPHY; SANDWICH IMMUNOASSAY; SINGLE; GOLD; SPECTROSCOPY; TIME AB A nanoscale optical biosensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy has been developed to monitor the interaction between the antigen, amyloid-beta derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs), and specific anti-ADDL antibodies. Using the sandwich assay format, this nanosensor provides quantitative binding information for both antigen and second antibody detection that permits the determination of ADDL concentration and offers the unique analysis of the aggregation mechanisms of this putative Alzheimer's disease pathogen at physiologically relevant monomer concentrations. Monitoring the LSPR-induced shifts from both ADDLs and a second polyclonal anti-ADDL antibody as a function of ADDL concentration reveals two ADDL epitopes that have binding constants to the specific anti-ADDL antibodies of 7.3 x 10(12) M-1 and 9.5 x 10(8) M-1. The analysis of human brain extract and cerebrospinal fluid samples from control and Alzheimer's disease patients reveals that the LSPR nanosensor provides new information relevant to the understanding and possible diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Neurobiol & Physiol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Klein, WL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM wklein@northwestern.edu; vanduyne@chem.northwestern.edu NR 37 TC 494 Z9 511 U1 21 U2 233 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 23 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 7 BP 2264 EP 2271 DI 10.1021/ja044087q PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 898TP UT WOS:000227099400047 PM 15713105 ER PT J AU Maslanka, S Paluch, M Sulkowski, WW Roland, CM AF Maslanka, S Paluch, M Sulkowski, WW Roland, CM TI Primary and secondary relaxations in bis-5-hydroxypentylphthalate SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; ALPHA-RELAXATION; BETA-RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; KOHLRAUSCH EXPONENT; ELEVATED PRESSURE; DYNAMICS; FORMERS AB Broadband dielectric spectroscopy was used to study the relaxation dynamics in bis-5-hydroxypentylphthalate (BHPP) under both isobaric and isothermal conditions. The relaxation dynamics exhibit complex behavior, arising from hydrogen bonding in the BHPP. At ambient pressure above the glass transition temperature T-g, the dielectric spectrum shows a broad structural relaxation peak with a prominent excess wing toward higher frequencies. As temperature is decreased below T-g, the excess wing transforms into two distinct peaks, both having Arrhenius behavior with activation energies equal to 58.8 and 32.6 kJ/mol for slower (beta) and faster (gamma) processes, respectively. Furthermore, the relaxation times for the beta process increase with increasing pressure, whereas the faster gamma relaxation is practically insensitive to pressure changes. Analysis of the properties of these secondary relaxations suggests that the beta peak can be identified as an intermolecular Johari-Goldstein (JG) process. However, its separation in frequency from the alpha relaxation, and both its activation energy and activation volume, differ substantially from values calculated from the breadth of the structural relaxation peak. Thus, the dynamics of BHPP appear to be an exception to the usual correlation between the respective properties of the structural and the JG secondary relaxations. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. Silesian Univ, Inst Chem, PL-40006 Katowice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Paluch, M (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. EM mpaluch@usctouxl.cto.us.edu.pl; mike.roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 22 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 8 AR 084511 DI 10.1063/1.1851980 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 902QS UT WOS:000227372200057 PM 15836067 ER PT J AU Lee, ZP Du, KP Arnone, R AF Lee, ZP Du, KP Arnone, R TI A model for the diffuse attenuation coefficient of downwelling irradiance SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; UNDERWATER LIGHT-FIELD; REMOTE-SENSING REFLECTANCE; OCEAN COLOR; HEATING RATE; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; NATURAL-WATERS; PHASE FUNCTION; CHLOROPHYLL-A; PACIFIC-OCEAN AB The diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance (K-d) is an important parameter for ocean studies. For the vast ocean the only feasible means to get fine-scale measurements of K-d is by ocean color remote sensing. At present, values of K-d from remote sensing are estimated using empirical algorithms. Such an approach is insufficient to provide an understanding regarding the variation of K-d and contains large uncertainties in the derived values. In this study a semianalytical model for K-d is developed based on the radiative transfer equation, with values of the model parameters derived from Hydrolight simulations using the averaged particle phase function. The model is further tested with data simulated using significantly different particle phase functions, and the modeled K-d are found matching Hydrolight K-d very well (similar to 2% average error and similar to12% maximum error). Such a model provides an improved interpretation about the variation of K-d and a basis to more accurately determine K-d ( especially using data from remote sensing). C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Res Ctr Remote Sensing & GIS, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM zplee@nrlssc.navy.mil; kpdu@bnu.edu.cn; arnone@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Darecki, Miroslaw/B-2109-2015 NR 72 TC 165 Z9 187 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 22 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C2 AR C02016 DI 10.1029/2004JC002275 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 904VU UT WOS:000227527000003 ER PT J AU Lee, ZP Darecki, M Carder, KL Davis, CO Stramski, D Rhea, WJ AF Lee, ZP Darecki, M Carder, KL Davis, CO Stramski, D Rhea, WJ TI Diffuse attenuation coefficient of downwelling irradiance: An evaluation of remote sensing methods SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; OCEAN COLOR; HEATING RATE; REFLECTANCE MODEL; WATERS; ALGORITHMS; ABSORPTION; ATLANTIC; LIGHT AB The propagation of downwelling irradiance at wavelength l from surface to a depth (z) in the ocean is governed by the diffuse attenuation coefficient, up down arrow(K) over bar (d)(lambda). There are two standard methods for the derivation of ($) over bar (d)( lambda) in remote sensing, which both are based on empirical relationships involving the blue-to-green ratio of ocean color. Recently, a semianalytical method to derive beta(K) over bar (d)( lambda) from reflectance has also been developed. In this study, using (K) over bar (d)(490) and (K) over bar (d)( 443) as examples, we compare the (K) over bar (d)(lambda) values derived from the three methods using data collected in three different regions that cover oceanic and coastal waters, with (K) over bar (d)(490) ranging from similar to0.04 to 4.0 m(-1). The derived values are compared with the data calculated from in situ measurements of the vertical profiles of downwelling irradiance. The comparisons show that the two standard methods produced satisfactory estimates of (K) over bar (d)(lambda) in oceanic waters where attenuation is relatively low but resulted in significant errors in coastal waters. The newly developed semianalytical method appears to have no such limitation as it performed well for both oceanic and coastal waters. For all data in this study the average of absolute percentage difference between the in situ measured and the semianalytically derived (K) over bar (d) is similar to 14% for lambda = 490 nm and similar to 11% for lambda = 443 nm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Sopot, Poland. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM zplee@nrlssc.navy.mil; darecki@iopan.gda.pl; kcarder@marine.usf.edu; davis@rira.rl.navy.mil; stramski@mpl.ucsd.edu; rhea@nrl.navy.mil RI Darecki, Miroslaw/B-2109-2015 NR 46 TC 165 Z9 187 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 22 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C2 AR C02017 DI 10.1029/2004JC002573 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 904VU UT WOS:000227527000008 ER PT J AU Pan, JY Wang, DW Hwang, PA AF Pan, JY Wang, DW Hwang, PA TI A study of wave effects on wind stress over the ocean in a fetch-limited case SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE ROUGHNESS; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; MOMENTUM FLUX; HEAT-FLUX; DRAG COEFFICIENTS; TURBULENT FLUXES; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; SWELL; SPECTRA AB A field experiment was conducted for collecting three-dimensional wind, wave, and air-sea environmental data off the coast of Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico in the mixed sea state of a wind sea limited by fetch and with swell propagating against the wind direction. Two methods, the inertial dissipation (ID) and eddy correlation (EC), are used to calculate wind stress. The results show that under the fetch-limited condition, the EC wind stress is greater than the ID stress. This difference is found to be correlated with the counter-wind swell. The swell-related drag coefficient is computed from the wind stress difference between the ID and EC methods. An empirical formula is constructed for the swell-related drag coefficient with a regression coefficient of 0.71. The swell-related drag coefficient is proportional to the swell steepness (k(p)H(s)) and inversely proportional to the ratio of the wind speed and the swell peak phase speed (U-10/C-p). C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Pan, JY (reprint author), Oregon Grad Inst, Dept Environm & Biomol Syst, 20000 NW Walker Rd, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM panj@ebs.ogi.edu; phwang@nrlssc.navy.mil; dwang@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 22 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C2 AR C02020 DI 10.1029/2003JC002258 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 904VU UT WOS:000227527000002 ER PT J AU Metcalf, TH Liu, X Houston, BH Baldwin, JW Butler, JE Feygelson, T AF Metcalf, TH Liu, X Houston, BH Baldwin, JW Butler, JE Feygelson, T TI Low temperature internal friction in nanocrystalline diamond films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATOR; SCATTERING; BRILLOUIN; MODES AB Measurements of the temperature dependence of the internal friction and frequency of three nanocrystalline diamond films grown on silicon oscillator substrates indicate that the mechanical properties of the films are dominated by their interface layers. The films, with thicknesses of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.14 mu m, were measured between 0.4 K and room temperature and have low temperature (below 10 K) internal frictions between 2 x 10(-6) and 5 x 10(-6), which is an order of magnitude lower than has been reported previously. Additionally, all films display an internal friction peak at approximately 1.7 K. The shear modulus of the films, 545-551 GPa, is comparable to that for single-crystal diamond. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Metcalf, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tom.metcalf@nrl.navy.mil RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 21 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 8 AR 081910 DI 10.1063/1.1868065 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 905YZ UT WOS:000227609000024 ER PT J AU Muratore, C Leonhardt, D Walton, SG Blackwell, DD Fernsler, RF Meger, RA AF Muratore, C Leonhardt, D Walton, SG Blackwell, DD Fernsler, RF Meger, RA TI Low-temperature nitriding of stainless steel in an electron beam generated plasma SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plasma generation; nitriding; nano-identation; X-ray diffraction ID LOW-PRESSURE; DIFFUSION; IMPLANTATION; DIAGNOSTICS; RESISTANCE; ENERGIES; PHASE; IONS AB An electron beam generated plasma processing system was characterized with in situ diagnostics and employed for a series of low energy (350 eV) stainless steel nitriding experiments in the temperature range of 325-462 degreesC. Plasma characterization yielded quantitative ion specie fluxes to the stainless steel workpiece in an argon-nitrogen plasma, with a significant fraction of the flux comprised of N+ ions. The nitriding rates were as high as 20 mum h(-1/2) with surface layers exhibiting hardness values of approximately 15.5 GPa for specimens processed at all temperatures. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed nitrogen concentrations of approximately 30 at.% in all samples processed below 460 degreesC. The process activation energy was comparable to that in nitriding systems with higher ion fluxes. suggesting favorable plasma chemistry with respect to plasma nitriding applications. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cmurator@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD FEB 21 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 2-3 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.02.026 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 885WV UT WOS:000226188900016 ER PT J AU Homer, L Szkody, P Chen, B Henden, A Schmidt, GD Fraser, OJ Saloma, K Silvestri, NM Taylor, H Brinkmann, J AF Homer, L Szkody, P Chen, B Henden, A Schmidt, GD Fraser, OJ Saloma, K Silvestri, NM Taylor, H Brinkmann, J TI XMM-Newton and optical follow-up observations of three new polars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : individual (SDSS J072910.68+365838.3; SDSS J075240.45+362823.2, SDSS J170053.30+400357.6); stars : magnetic fields; X-rays : stars ID X-RAY EXCESS; AM-HERCULIS; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; DATA RELEASE; WHITE-DWARF; ACCRETION; SYSTEM; CAMERA; MODEL; STATE AB We report follow-up XMM- Newton and optical observations of three new polars found in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Simple modeling of the X-ray spectra, and consideration of the details of the X-ray and optical light curves corroborate the polar nature of these three systems and provide further insights into their accretion characteristics. During the XMM- Newton observation of SDSS J072910.68+ 365838.3, X-rays are undetected apart from a probable flare event, during which we find both the typical hard X-ray bremsstrahlung component and a very strong O VII ( E = 0.57 keV) line, but no evidence of a soft blackbody contribution. In SDSS J075240.45+ 362823.2 we identify an X-ray eclipse at the beginning of the observation, roughly in phase with the primary minimum of the optical broadband curve. The X-ray spectra require the presence of both hard and soft X-ray components, in a luminosity ratio consistent with that found in other recent XMM- Newton results on polars. SDSS J170053.30+ 400357.6 appears optically as a very typical polar; however, its large-amplitude optical modulation is 180degrees out of phase with the variation in our short X-ray light curve. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. ESA Vilspa, XMM Newton Sci Operat Ctr, Madrid 28080, Spain. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Homer, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM homer@astro.washington.edu NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2005 VL 620 IS 2 BP 929 EP 937 DI 10.1086/427260 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 903DN UT WOS:000227405800032 ER PT J AU Dere, KP Wang, D Howard, R AF Dere, KP Wang, D Howard, R TI Three-dimensional structure of coronal mass ejections from LASCO polarization measurements SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE polarization; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPE; TRANSIENTS; EIT AB The three-dimensional structure of a coronal mass ejection (CME) is essential information for understanding the process by which they are ejected from the Sun. Coronagraphic measurements readily provide information on the structure of CMEs in the plane of the sky. It has been known for some time that polarization measurements can provide information on the position of coronal plasmas out of the plane of the sky. Recently, T. G. Moran & J. M. Davila have shown that polarimetric measurements with the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) can be used to determine the three-dimensional structure of a CME with considerable definition. We have examined a series of high-cadence ( 1 hr) LASCO polarization measurements obtained during 2002 and discuss the analysis of two particularly well observed events. One event indicates that the CME structure is that of a rising arcade of loops, while the other appears to consist of a flux-rope type of structure. Because we have examined a large, relatively high cadence set of LASCO observations, we have been able to select events that provide significantly greater definition of CME structure than previously possible. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Interferometr Inc, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dere, KP (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, MS 5C3,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM kdere@gmu.edu; dennis.wang@nrl.navy.mil; russell.howard@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2005 VL 620 IS 2 BP L119 EP L122 DI 10.1086/428834 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 903DP UT WOS:000227406000012 ER PT J AU Moore, TE Fok, MC Chandler, MO Chappell, CR Christon, SP Delcourt, DC Fedder, J Huddleston, M Liemohn, M Peterson, WK Slinker, S AF Moore, TE Fok, MC Chandler, MO Chappell, CR Christon, SP Delcourt, DC Fedder, J Huddleston, M Liemohn, M Peterson, WK Slinker, S TI Plasma sheet and (nonstorm) ring current formation from solar and polar wind sources SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; ENERGETIC ION COMPOSITION; GLOBAL MHD SIMULATION; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; GEOMAGNETIC STORM; MAGNETOPAUSE; IONOSPHERE; ORIGIN AB We consider the formation of the plasma sheet and geosynchronous region (nonstorm) ring current in the framework of collisionless test particle motions in three-dimensional magnetospheric fields obtained from self-consistent MHD simulations. Simulation results are compared with observations of the near-Earth plasma sheet from the Polar spacecraft during 2001 and 2002. Many particles were initiated in two regions representative of the solar wind source upstream of the bow shock and the polar wind source outside the plasmasphere, both of which are dominated by protons (H+). Proton trajectories are run until they precipitate into the atmosphere, escape from the simulation space, or become stably trapped. These calculations produce a database of proton characteristics in each 1 RE 3 volume element of the magnetosphere and yield velocity distributions as well as bulk plasma properties. We report results reflecting steady growth phase conditions after 45 min of southward interplanetary field, B-Z = -5 nT ( B-Y = 0), and for conditions resulting after 2 hours of northward B-Z = +5 nT. The results for simulated velocity distributions are consistent with the Polar soundings of the current sheet from lobe to lobe and with AMPTE/CCE observations of (nonstorm) ring current region protons. The simulations help us identify the differentiation between solar and polar wind H+ ions in observations. The weak NBZ ring current-like pressure is primarily polar wind protons, while the moderately active SBZ ring current-like pressure is primarily solar wind protons. The solar and polar wind contributions to the SBZ ring current are comparable in density, but the solar protons have a higher average energy. For SBZ, solar wind protons enter the nonstorm ring current region primarily via the dawn flank and to a lesser degree via the midnight plasma sheet. For NBZ, solar wind protons enter the ring current-like region via the cusp and flanks. Polar wind protons enter the nonstorm ring current through the midnight plasma sheet in both cases. Solar and ionospheric plasmas thus take different transport paths to the geosynchronous (nonstorm) ring current region and may thus be expected to respond differently to substorm dynamics of the magnetotail. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. Ctr Etudes Environm Terrestre & Planetaires, St Maur, France. George Mason Univ, Vienna, VA USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM thomas.e.moore@gsfc.nasa.gov RI Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012; Fok, Mei-Ching/D-1626-2012; Liemohn, Michael/H-8703-2012; Peterson, WK/A-8706-2009; OI Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137; Liemohn, Michael/0000-0002-7039-2631; Peterson, WK/0000-0002-1513-6096; Christon, Stephen/0000-0003-1770-2458 NR 55 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 19 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A2 AR A02210 DI 10.1029/2004JA010563 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 900LE UT WOS:000227215600002 ER PT J AU Hartley, DJ Djongolov, MK Riedinger, LL Hagemann, GB Janssens, RVF Kondev, FG Moore, EF Riley, MA Aguilar, A Bingham, CR Campbell, DB Carpenter, MP Chowdhury, P Cromaz, M Cullen, DM Danchev, M Dracoulis, GD Fallon, P Goon, J Kaye, RA Khoo, TL Laird, RW Lauritsen, T Macchiavelli, AO McClain, B Mukherjee, G Ngijoi-Yogo, E Park, HI Sletten, G Tandel, SK Walker, PM Zhang, JY AF Hartley, DJ Djongolov, MK Riedinger, LL Hagemann, GB Janssens, RVF Kondev, FG Moore, EF Riley, MA Aguilar, A Bingham, CR Campbell, DB Carpenter, MP Chowdhury, P Cromaz, M Cullen, DM Danchev, M Dracoulis, GD Fallon, P Goon, J Kaye, RA Khoo, TL Laird, RW Lauritsen, T Macchiavelli, AO McClain, B Mukherjee, G Ngijoi-Yogo, E Park, HI Sletten, G Tandel, SK Walker, PM Zhang, JY TI Wobbling excitations in strongly deformed Hf nuclei? SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID TRIAXIAL SUPERDEFORMATION; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; COINCIDENCE DATA; HIGH-SPIN; STATES; BANDS; PHONON; MODE AB Two Gammasphere experiments have been performed in order to establish the possible triaxial nature of strongly deformed (SD) bands in Hf-174. A lifetime measurement. using the Doppler-shift attenuation method. confirmed the large deformation of the four previously observed bands in this nucleus with transition quadrupole moments ranging from 12.6 to 13.8 b. These values are significantly larger than those predicted for triaxial minima by ultimate cranker (UC) calculations. A thin-target, high-statistics experiment was also carried out to search for linking transitions between the SD bands. No such transitions, which represent an experimental signature for wobbling modes, were observed. Four additional SD bands were found in Hf-174 together with a single SD band in Hf-173. These results indicate that the strongly deformed sequences of N approximate to 102 Hf isotopes behave differently than the triaxial strongly deformed (TSD) bands found in Lu nuclei near N = 92. The interpretation of these bands in terms of possible stable triaxial deformation is confronted with the experimental findings and UC predictions. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Phys, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. RP USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM hartley@usna.edu RI Dracoulis, George/A-8123-2008; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Tandel, Sujit/0000-0003-4784-3139 NR 29 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD FEB 17 PY 2005 VL 608 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.01.007 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 895VR UT WOS:000226892400005 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Russell, KL Kaplan, EL Wallace, MR Wu, JG Ashtari, P Morris, DJ Hale, BR AF Crum, NF Russell, KL Kaplan, EL Wallace, MR Wu, JG Ashtari, P Morris, DJ Hale, BR TI Pneumonia outbreak associated with group A Streptococcus species at a military training facility SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; TOXIC-SHOCK-SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE; PYROGENIC EXOTOXIN; MICROBIAL AGENTS; RHEUMATIC-FEVER; PENICILLIN-G; INFECTIONS; ARMY AB Background. Although group A streptococci ( GAS) infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, outbreaks of associated pneumonia are rare. We report an outbreak of GAS pneumonia that occurred at a US military training camp. Methods. Standard epidemiologic and laboratory procedures were used to characterize the outbreak and causative organism(s). A case-control study and determination of the prevalence of GAS infection among camp personnel were also performed. Results. A total of 162 of 4500 Marine Corps personnel were hospitalized for respiratory symptoms during the period of 1 November and 20 December 2002, and 127 (78%) had radiographically confirmed pneumonia. The attack rate was 1.6 cases per 100 person-months. Thirty-four (27%) of 127 patients with pneumonitis had definite or probable GAS pneumonia; an additional 22 (17.3%) were coinfected with GAS and another pathogen. Pathogens, in addition to GAS, included Chlamydia pneumoniae ( 27 patients), Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( 19), adenovirus ( 5), and Streptococcus pneumoniae ( 2). A survey revealed that the pharyngeal carriage rate of GAS among camp personnel was 16%. Molecular characterization of the GAS isolates found emm type 3, multilocus sequence type 15. The epidemic ended after administration of additional prophylaxis with a single dose of intramuscular benzathine penicillin (1.2 million U) or azithromycin ( 1 g orally). Because the number of days from the last penicillin injection was correlated with a positive throat culture result and the occurrence of pneumonia, the dosing interval of benzathine penicillin was shortened from every 28 - 35 days to every 21 days. Conclusions. This is the largest outbreak of GAS pneumonia reported in 130 years. This outbreak emphasizes the potential for GAS to cause epidemics of severe infection and demonstrates the need for surveillance and consideration of appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis among particularly high-risk populations. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, WHO, Collaborat Ctr Reference & Res Streptococci,Dept, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfcrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 55 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 4 BP 511 EP 518 DI 10.1086/427502 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JN UT WOS:000227492600003 PM 15712072 ER PT J AU Rao, MR Wierzba, TF Savarino, SJ Abu-Elyazeed, R El-Ghoreb, N Hall, ER Naficy, A Abdel-Messih, I Frenck, RW Svennerholm, AM Clemens, JD AF Rao, MR Wierzba, TF Savarino, SJ Abu-Elyazeed, R El-Ghoreb, N Hall, ER Naficy, A Abdel-Messih, I Frenck, RW Svennerholm, AM Clemens, JD TI Serologic correlates of protection against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COLONIZATION FACTOR ANTIGENS; CELL CHOLERA VACCINE; HEAT-LABILE TOXIN; SERUM ANTIBODY; B-SUBUNIT; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGIC EVALUATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; RURAL BANGLADESH AB Background. We conducted a nested case-control study in 397 rural Egyptian children <36 months of age to assess the correlation between serum levels of antibodies against toxin and colonization factors (CFs) and the risk of homologous enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ( ETEC) diarrhea. Methods. Active case detection was performed via semiweekly home visits, and blood was obtained at 3-month intervals. After each serosurvey, case subjects were selected from children experiencing a CF antigen (CFA)/I-, CFA/II-, CFA/IV-, or heat-labile enterotoxin (LT)-ETEC diarrheal episode during the subsequent 3 months. Up to 5 control subjects per case subject were selected from children who did not experience an ETEC diarrheal episode during the corresponding interval. Serum titers of immunoglobulin G antibodies against CFA/I, coli surface antigen (CS) 3, CS6, and LT were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Results. The distribution of serum titers of LT, CS3, and CS6 antibodies did not differ between the case and control subjects. For children <18 months of age, serum titers of CFA/I antibody were inversely related to the risk of CFA/I-ETEC diarrhea; reciprocal serum titers of CFA/I antibody greater than or equal to76 were associated with a 77% reduction in the odds of CFA/I-ETEC diarrhea. Conclusion. Induction of reciprocal serum titers of antibodies against CFA/I within or above the 76-186 range should be further evaluated as a predictor for assessment of the ability of candidate vaccines to protect against CFA/I-ETEC diarrhea. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Gothenburg, Sweden. Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. RP Savarino, SJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM savarinos@nmrc.navy.mil NR 36 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 4 BP 562 EP 570 DI 10.1086/427662 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 888ZM UT WOS:000226413100012 PM 15655780 ER PT J AU Walters, RJ Garner, JC Lam, SN Vasquez, JA Braun, WR Ruth, RE Messenger, SR Lorentzen, JR Bruninga, R Jenkins, PP Flatico, JM Wilt, DM Piszczor, MF Greer, LC Krasowski, MJ AF Walters, RJ Garner, JC Lam, SN Vasquez, JA Braun, WR Ruth, RE Messenger, SR Lorentzen, JR Bruninga, R Jenkins, PP Flatico, JM Wilt, DM Piszczor, MF Greer, LC Krasowski, MJ TI Materials on the International Space Station - forward technology solar cell experiment SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Thin Films and Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion and Storage CY SEP, 2003 CL Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH HO Ohio Aerosp Inst DE solar cells; thin films; chalcopyrite AB This paper describes the forward technology solar cell experiment (FTSCE), which is a space experiment built by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in collaboration with NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), and the US Naval Academy (USNA) as part of the materials on the International Space Station (MISSE) program. The goal is to rapidly put current and future generation space solar cells on orbit and provide validation data for these technologies. Telemetry, command, control, and communication (TNC) for the FTSCE will be achieved through the Amateur Satellite Service using the PCSat2 system, which is an Amateur Radio system designed and built by the USNA. In addition to providing an off-the-shelf solution for FTSCE TNC, PCSat2 will provide a communications node for the Amateur Radio satellite system. The FTSCE and PCSat2 will be housed within the passive experiment container (PEC), which is an approximately 2 ft x 2 ft x 4 in. metal container built by NASA Langley Research Center (NASA LaRC) as part of the MISSE program. NASA LaRC has also supplied a thin film materials experiment that will fly on the exterior of the thermal blanket covering the PCSat2. The PEC is planned to be transported to the ISS on a Shuttle flight. The PEC will be mounted on the exterior of the ISS by an astronaut during an extravehicular activity (EVA). After nominally 1 year, the PEC will be retrieved and returned to Earth. This paper presents the design of the experiment, the electrical data measured on the experiment solar cells, and the results of environmental testing of the system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. QSS, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6818 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Robert.Walters@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 116 IS 3 BP 257 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.mseb.2004.06.025 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 898DO UT WOS:000227056500005 ER PT J AU Lou, JW Currie, M AF Lou, JW Currie, M TI High-energy saturable absorber mode-locked fiber laser system SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MIRRORS AB We demonstrate a mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser with a 1-mum InGaAs saturable absorber that produces 84-ps, 1-nJ transform-limited pulses. Measurements of the InGaAs multiple quantum well revealed a slow saturable absorber that is useful for passive mode locking. Optical fiber was added to extend the cavity and vary the repetition rate from 51 kHz to 5.4 MHz. The narrow spectral width of the laser output (< 0.04 nm) permits amplification to 0.2 muJ/pulse with minimal pulse broadening. Pulse energies as large as 1.7 muJ can be achieved with pulse widths of < 330 ps. Average powers of 0.5 W at megahertz repetition rates are demonstrated. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lou, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM janet.lou@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 4 BP 406 EP 408 DI 10.1364/OL.30.000406 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 896HR UT WOS:000226925700020 PM 15762443 ER PT J AU Jones, GM Yang, CH Yang, MJ Lyanda-Geller, YB AF Jones, GM Yang, CH Yang, MJ Lyanda-Geller, YB TI Quantum steering of electron wave function in an InAs Y-branch switch SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR OPERATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; INAS/ALSB; TRANSISTORS; TRANSPORT; CHANNELS; DEVICES; GUIDE AB We report experimental results on gated Y-branch switches made from InAs ballistic electron waveguides. We demonstrate that gating modifies the electron wave functions as well as their interference pattern, resulting in anticorrelated oscillatory transconductances. Our data provide evidence of steering the electron wave function in a multichannel transistor structure. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Jones, GM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM yang@umd.edu NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 14 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 7 AR 073117 DI 10.1063/1.1867554 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 903PZ UT WOS:000227439400091 ER PT J AU Richardson, SL Baruah, T Mehl, MJ Pederson, MR AF Richardson, SL Baruah, T Mehl, MJ Pederson, MR TI Theoretical confirmation of the experimental Raman spectra of the lower-order diamondoid molecule: cyclohexamantane (C26H30) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; VIBRATIONAL ASSIGNMENT; ADAMANTANE; ELECTRON; APPROXIMATION; HYDROCARBONS; SIMULATIONS; CONGRESSANE; DIFFRACTION; INTENSITIES AB The lower-order diamondoid hydrocarbon molecule, cyclohexamantane (C26H30), has been recently isolated from distilled Gulf Coast petroleum. While the structure of C26H30 has been confirmed through X-ray diffraction, mass spectroscopy, and H-1/C-13 NMR spectroscopy, its vibrational Raman spectra has only been identified through an indirect comparison with the experimental Raman spectra for adamantane and diamond. We used density-functional theory (DFT) to calculate a Raman spectra whose frequencies and relative intensities are in excellent agreement with the experimental Raman spectra for C26H30, thus providing direct vibrational proof of its existence. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Howard Univ, Sch Engn, Ctr Nanomat Characterizat Sci & Proc Technol, NSF,CREST, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Howard Univ, Sch Engn, Ctr Nanomat Characterizat Sci & Proc Technol, NSF,CREST, 2300 6th St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM richards@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 35 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 14 PY 2005 VL 403 IS 1-3 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.12.049 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 896KZ UT WOS:000226934300014 ER PT J AU Schmidt, GD Szkody, P Homer, L Smith, PS Chen, B Henden, A Solheim, JE Wolfe, MA Greimel, R AF Schmidt, GD Szkody, P Homer, L Smith, PS Chen, B Henden, A Solheim, JE Wolfe, MA Greimel, R TI Unraveling the puzzle of the eclipsing polar SDSS J015543.40+002807.2 with XMM and optical photometry/spectropolarimetry SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : spectroscopic; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : individual (SDSS J015543.40+002807.2); stars : magnetic fields; X-rays : stars ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MAGNETIC CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; X-RAY EXCESS; AM-HERCULIS; SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS; INTERMEDIATE POLARS; LINE SPECTRUM; LIGHT CURVES; WHITE-DWARF AB The cataclysmic variable SDSS J015543.40+ 002807.2 is confirmed to be a magnetic system of the AM Herculis type. With an orbital period of 87.13 minutes, it is also the shortest period eclipsing Polar known. Monitoring with XMM- Newton finds a high- state light curve dominated by a single X- ray - emitting accretion pole located slightly prograde of the secondary star. The hard X- ray spectrum is typical of radial shocks on magnetic white dwarfs ( kT similar to 10 keV), and there is evidence for a soft X- ray component consistent with reprocessing from the stellar surface. The optical circular polarization is weak ( v less than or similar to 3%) when the accretion rate is high ( m(V) similar to 15.5), as a result of optically thick cyclotron emission and the apparent competition between two accreting poles. However, in low states ( m(V) similar to 18), the polarization increases smoothly to the blue, reaching 20% at 4200 Angstrom, and the flux spectrum displays a rich set of thermally broadened cyclotron harmonics that indicate a polar field of 29 MG. The phase interval preceding the 6.5 minute eclipse depicts the development of P Cygni components followed by complete absorption reversals in the emission lines. This phenomenon is not unexpected for a strongly accreting magnetic system viewed through the cool base of the funnel, and high- quality spectroscopy through this interval will likely lead to new insights into the dynamics of magnetic coupling and gas flow onto the white dwarf. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. ESA, VILSPA, XMM Newton Sci Operat Ctr, Madrid, Spain. USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. ING, Santa Cruz De La Palma 38700, Canary Isl, Spain. RP Schmidt, GD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM gschmidt@as.arizona.edu; szkody@astro.washington.edu; homer@astro.washington.edu; psmith@as.arizona.edu; bchen@xmm.vilspa.esa.es; aah@nofs.navy.mil; j.e.solheim@astro.uio.no; maw2323@u.washington.edu; greimel@ing.iac.es NR 43 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2005 VL 620 IS 1 BP 422 EP 431 DI 10.1086/426807 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 895HI UT WOS:000226851300039 ER PT J AU Reinard, A AF Reinard, A TI Comparison of interplanetary CME charge state composition with CME-associated flare magnitude SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-WIND; IONIZATION; SPACECRAFT; PLASMA; IONS; SUN AB This paper describes a study of the charge state composition of interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) ejecta in the heliosphere within the context of remote-sensing CME observations at the Sun. First, CME-ICME pairs are examined to determine if a given CME is associated with a flare event. Then, for each ICME, the charge states, O+7/O+6 and Q(Fe), are averaged over the event and compared with the associated flare magnitude. We find that events originating between E30degrees and W45degrees solar longitude are more likely to contain significantly higher charge states. The charge states in these "central events'' display a moderate correlation with flare magnitude, indicating that enhanced charge states in the solar wind are the result of flare-related heating in the corona. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7660,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Reinard, Alysha/H-7808-2013 OI Reinard, Alysha/0000-0003-0304-2989 NR 29 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2005 VL 620 IS 1 BP 501 EP 505 DI 10.1086/426109 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 895HI UT WOS:000226851300048 ER PT J AU Cohen, AS Clarke, TE Feretti, L Kassim, NE AF Cohen, AS Clarke, TE Feretti, L Kassim, NE TI Resolving the steep-spectrum emission in the central radio source in ZwCl 0735.7+7421 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual (ZwCl 0735.7+7421) ID X-RAY; SKY SURVEY; COMPLETE SAMPLE; COOLING FLOWS; GALAXIES; CLUSTERS; DISTANT AB It has long been know that an extremely steep spectrum radio source lies at the center of ZwCl 0735.7 + 7421, a galaxy cluster with high X- ray luminosity and a cooling core. In this Letter, we present VLA observations of this radio source at both 1425 and 325 MHz. With a resolution below 21 " ( 75 kpc) for both 1425 and 325 MHz, we show the morphology of the central source and find that it is most likely a large ( 400 kpc) radio galaxy rather than diffuse cluster emission. We estimate a steep spectral index of alpha(325)(1400) = -1.54 for the core ( although it may 1400 be contaminated by lobe emission), while the outer lobes are extremely steep objects, both with alpha(325)(1400) < -3.1. We also find evidence for restarted core activity in the form of a set of inner lobes oriented at a somewhat different angle from the outer lobes. A spectral analysis extending the frequency range down to 74 MHz appears to show a turnover at very low frequencies. Comparison of the minimum- energy radio pressures with the average thermal pressure surrounding the radio cavities from McNamara et al. shows that the radio lobes appear to be roughly in pressure balance with the thermal gas. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. CNR, Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. RP Cohen, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM aaron.cohen@nrl.navy.mil; tclarke@virginia.edu OI Feretti, Luigina/0000-0003-0312-6285 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2005 VL 620 IS 1 BP L5 EP L8 DI 10.1086/428572 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 895HL UT WOS:000226851600002 ER PT J AU Mariska, JT AF Mariska, JT TI Observations of solar flare Doppler shift oscillations with the Bragg Crystal Spectrometer on Yohkoh SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : flares; Sun : oscillations; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID TRANSVERSE OSCILLATIONS; DYNAMICS; REGION; TRACE; HOT AB Oscillations in solar coronal loops appear to be a common phenomenon. Transverse and longitudinal oscillations have been observed with both the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer and Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope imaging experiments. Damped Doppler shift oscillations have been observed in emission lines from ions formed at flare temperatures with the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation spectrometer. These observations provide valuable diagnostic information on coronal conditions and may help refine our understanding of coronal heating mechanisms. I have initiated a study of the time dependence of Doppler shifts measured during flares with the Bragg Crystal Spectrometer ( BCS) on Yohkoh. This Letter reports the detection of oscillatory behavior in Doppler shifts measured as a function of time in the emission lines of S xv and Ca xix. For some flares, both lines exhibit damped Doppler shift oscillations with amplitudes of a few kilometers per second and periods and decay times of a few minutes. The observations appear to be consistent with transverse oscillations. Because the BCS observed continuously for almost an entire solar cycle, it provides numerous flare data sets, which should permit an excellent characterization of the average properties of the oscillations. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mariska, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mariska@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2005 VL 620 IS 1 BP L67 EP L70 DI 10.1086/428611 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 895HL UT WOS:000226851600017 ER PT J AU Lee, DC Jensen, AL Schiefer, MA Morgan, CW Grill, WM AF Lee, DC Jensen, AL Schiefer, MA Morgan, CW Grill, WM TI Structural mechanisms to produce differential dendritic gains SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE preganglionic; computational neuroscience; neural model; axon; CNS ID PARASYMPATHETIC PREGANGLIONIC NEURONS; SPINAL-CORD SLICES; ACTION-POTENTIALS; MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; CHANNEL PROPERTIES; SYNAPTIC INPUTS; CAT; NUCLEUS; RAT; INHIBITION AB The axons of sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (PGNs) originate on a primary dendrite between 10 and 110 mum from the soma. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the location of the axon origin would impact the relative efficacy of ipsilateral and contralateral synaptic inputs. The morphology of two PGNs was reconstructed, and the transfer impedance was used to quantify the influence of synaptic inputs on the transmembrane potential at the axon initial segment. The ratio of ipsilateral transfer impedance to contralateral transfer impedance (termed the relative gain) was increased by 14-29% for axons originating from the dendrite vs. axons originating from the soma. The addition of 50 synchronized "gating" synapses on the proximal dendrites increased the relative gain by 17-38% when the axon originated from the dendrite, but only by 11-15% when the axon originated from the soma. The efficacy of synaptic inputs and the ability of proximal gating synapses to regulate synaptic efficacy were strongly influenced by the site of origin of the axon. The position of axon origin is an effective structural mechanism to regulate the relative efficacy of synaptic inputs arriving at different locations on the dendritic tree. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Clin Invest & Res Dept, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Grill, WM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM warren.grill@duke.edu RI Schiefer, Matthew/G-4528-2010; OI Schiefer, Matthew/0000-0001-8490-088X; Grill, Warren/0000-0001-5240-6588 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-49480]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS-40894] NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD FEB 8 PY 2005 VL 1033 IS 2 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.11.034 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 899KT UT WOS:000227144000001 PM 15694915 ER PT J AU Yoonessi, M Toghiani, H Daulton, TL Lin, JS Pittman, CU AF Yoonessi, M Toghiani, H Daulton, TL Lin, JS Pittman, CU TI Clay delamination in clay/poly(dicyclopentadiene) nanocomposites quantified by small angle neutron scattering and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; CARBON-FIBER SURFACES; NYLON 6-CLAY HYBRID; ORIENTATIONAL ORDER; BEHAVIOR; MONTMORILLONITE; DISPERSIONS; KAOLINITE; COLLOIDS; RESIN AB Highly delaminated clay/poly(dicyclopentadiene) nanocomposites were prepared by in-situ, ring-opening metathesis polymerization of presonicated mixtures of the liquid dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and organically modified Montmorillonite clays. Three nanocomposite series (using Montmorillonites: I-28,I-44pa) of increasing clay loadings (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt%) and modified Montmorillonite PGW (0.5 wt%) were synthesized. The dispersed microstructure of the clays in the nanocomposites was characterized by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). All clays were highly delaminated and well dispersed within their host matrixes. The mean number of individual clay platelets per tactoid was predicted by fitting SANS data to the stacked-disk model and measured directly from HR-TEM images of a large number of tactoids in each sample. SANS results were in good agreement with HR-TEM for composites with low clay concentrations (0.5 wt%); however, deviations were observed at higher clay loadings (2.0 wt%). These deviations are discussed in terms of several factors not taken into account by the stacked-disk model: (a) long-range interactions, which become more important at high loadings; (b) departure of tactoid geometries from parallel stacks of rigid disks; and (c) the polydispersity of tactoid thicknesses. SAXS peaks were not present for most of the synthesized nanocomposites, suggesting a high degree of clay delamination was achieved. However, a broad peak was observed for the 2.0 wt% I-44pa clay nanocomposite, indicating the presence of some larger tactoids than in the other nanocomposites having a range of d-spacings. The HR-TEM measured distributions of clay platelet d-spacings in tactoids dispersed within the nanocomposites which were in the range from 8 to 20 Angstrom (12-15 Angstrom average), indicating that the quaternary ammonium ion pillaring agents were no longer present. These quaternary salts either decomposed during the high-temperature (260 degreesC) stage of curing or were not fully exchanged with the interlayer cations present between all platelet interlayers during the original clay modification. Clay/polyDCPD composites were also prepared using PGW clay modified by poly(ethylene glycol). This clay dispersed more rapidly, needing less sonication than the other clays. The resistance to delamination of all nanocomposites studied increased with greater clay loading under equivalent synthesis conditions. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dave C Swalm Sch Chem Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Pittman, CU (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM cpittman@ra.msstate.edu NR 62 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD FEB 8 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 3 BP 818 EP 831 DI 10.1021/ma048663e PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 894BJ UT WOS:000226764500025 ER PT J AU Bentrem, FW Pandey, RB AF Bentrem, FW Pandey, RB TI Thermal roughening and deroughening at polymer interfaces in electrophoretic deposition SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GROWTH TEMPERATURE; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; CHAINS; DYNAMICS; DENSITY; FILMS AB Thermal scaling and relaxation of the interface width in an electrophoretic deposition of polymer chains is examined by a three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation on a discrete lattice. Variation of the equilibrium interface width W-r with the temperature T shows deroughening W-r similar to T-delta, with delta similar to (1)/(4), at low temperatures and roughening W-r proportional to T-v, with v similar to 0.4, at high temperatures. The roughening-deroughening transition temperature T-t increases with longer chain lengths and is reduced by using the slower segmental dynamics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Marine Geosci, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Bentrem, FW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Marine Geosci, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Bentrem, Frank/D-5624-2009 OI Bentrem, Frank/0000-0001-5892-4650 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD FEB 8 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 3 BP 992 EP 995 DI 10.1021/ma034180j PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 894BJ UT WOS:000226764500046 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM Puri, A AF Jordan, PM Puri, A TI A note on traveling wave solutions for a class of nonlinear viscoelastic media SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE traveling wave solution; nonlinear viscoelasticity; vortex sheet ID BURGERS EQUATION; SOLITONS; MODEL AB Traveling wave solutions (TWSs) are investigated for transverse propagation in a class of nonlinear viscoelastic media. Specifically, the propagation speed and shock thickness are determined, it is shown that vortex sheet formation occurs as the Reynolds number tends to infinity, and a special case exact solution is obtained and analyzed. Most significantly, it is proved that stable, transverse TWSs are possible only in super-Hookean media (i.e., media in which the fourth elastic modulus is positive) and that the propagation speed is a minimum when the limit at +infinity is zero. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 EI 1873-2429 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD FEB 7 PY 2005 VL 335 IS 2-3 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2004.11.058 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 895GF UT WOS:000226848200008 ER PT J AU Bracker, AS Stinaff, EA Gammon, D Ware, ME Tischler, JG Shabaev, A Efros, AL Park, D Gershoni, D Korenev, VL Merkulov, IA AF Bracker, AS Stinaff, EA Gammon, D Ware, ME Tischler, JG Shabaev, A Efros, AL Park, D Gershoni, D Korenev, VL Merkulov, IA TI Optical pumping of the electronic and nuclear spin of single charge-tunable quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAAS; EXCITONS; WELLS; DYNAMICS; SPECTRA AB We present a comprehensive examination of optical pumping of spins in individual GaAs quantum dots as we change the net charge from positive to neutral to negative with a charge-tunable heterostructure. Negative photoluminescence polarization memory is enhanced by optical pumping of ground state electron spins, which we prove with the first measurements of the Hanle effect on an individual quantum dot. We use the Overhauser effect in a high longitudinal magnetic field to demonstrate efficient optical pumping of nuclear spins for all three charge states of the quantum dot. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Bracker, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Ware, Morgan/I-8233-2012; Korenev, Vladimir/C-1107-2014; OI Ware, Morgan/0000-0002-9998-4139; Gershoni, David/0000-0002-3039-9919 NR 30 TC 253 Z9 253 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 4 AR 047402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.047402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 894GN UT WOS:000226779000062 PM 15783594 ER PT J AU Weaver, JL Busquet, M Colombant, DG Mostovych, AN Feldman, U Klapisch, M Seely, JF Brown, C Holland, G AF Weaver, JL Busquet, M Colombant, DG Mostovych, AN Feldman, U Klapisch, M Seely, JF Brown, C Holland, G TI Experimental benchmark for an improved simulation of absolute soft-x-ray emission from polystyrene targets irradiated with the Nike laser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; INNER-SHELL EXCITATION; DOUBLY EXCITED-LEVELS; HE-LIKE IONS; 0.53 MU-M; COLLISION STRENGTHS; TRANSITION-ARRAYS; HYDROGENIC IONS; FUSION-TARGETS; DISK TARGETS AB Absolutely calibrated, time-resolved spectral intensity measurements of soft-x-ray emission (hnusimilar to0.1-1.0 keV) from laser-irradiated polystyrene targets are compared to radiation-hydrodynamic simulations that include our new postprocessor, Virtual Spectro. This new capability allows a unified, detailed treatment of atomic physics and radiative transfer in nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium conditions for simple spectra from low-Z materials as well as complex spectra from high-Z materials. The excellent agreement (within a factor of similar to1.5) demonstrates the powerful predictive capability of the codes for the complex conditions in the ablating plasma. A comparison to data with high spectral resolution (E/deltaEsimilar to1000) emphasizes the importance of including radiation coupling in the quantitative simulation of emission spectra. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 4 AR 045002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.045002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 894GN UT WOS:000226779000032 PM 15783564 ER PT J AU Lazio, TJW LaRosa, TN AF Lazio, TJW LaRosa, TN TI At the heart of the Milky Way SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID GALACTIC-CENTER; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; NONTHERMAL FILAMENTS; WIND C1 USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. RP Lazio, TJW (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lazio@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 4 PY 2005 VL 307 IS 5710 BP 686 EP 687 DI 10.1126/science.1100793 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 894TQ UT WOS:000226814900030 PM 15692040 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Barbieri, L Lu, G Plunkett, SP Skoug, RM AF Gopalswamy, N Barbieri, L Lu, G Plunkett, SP Skoug, RM TI Introduction to the special section: Violent Sun Earth connection events of October-November 2003 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB [1] During 2003 October and November, a series of solar eruptions occurred from three solar active regions. Some of these eruptions were extreme in terms of their origin ( source properties) and heliospheric consequences. This paper summarizes the first results of the analysis of these violent Sun-Earth connection events. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NCAR, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM gopals@fugee.gsfc.nasa.gov; lbarbieri@mail.hst.nasa.gov; ganglu@ucar.edu; simon.plunkett@nrl.navy.mil; rskoug@lanl.gov RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; Lu, Gang/A-6669-2011 NR 13 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 3 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 3 AR L03S01 DI 10.1029/2005GL022348 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 895YM UT WOS:000226901000003 ER PT J AU Clapp, AR Medintz, IL Fisher, BR Anderson, GP Mattoussi, H AF Clapp, AR Medintz, IL Fisher, BR Anderson, GP Mattoussi, H TI Can luminescent quantum dots be efficient energy acceptors with organic dye donors? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; PROTEIN AB We assessed the ability of luminescent quantum dots (QDs) to function as energy acceptors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays, with organic dyes serving as donors. Either AlexaFluor 488 or Cy3 dye was attached to maltose binding protein (MBIP) and used with various QD acceptors. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements showed no apparent FRET from dye to QD. We attribute these observations to the dominance of a fast radiative decay rate of the donor excitation relative to a slow FRET decay rate. This is due to the long exciton lifetime of the acceptor compared to that of the dye, combined with substantial OD direct excitation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedimat@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 41 TC 203 Z9 207 U1 4 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 2 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 4 BP 1242 EP 1250 DI 10.1021/ja045676z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 892XR UT WOS:000226683800043 PM 15669863 ER PT J AU Chen, G Spanos, G Masumura, RA Reynolds, WT AF Chen, G Spanos, G Masumura, RA Reynolds, WT TI Effects of ledge density on the morphology and growth kinetics of precipitates in a Ni-Cr Alloy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE ledge mechanism of growth; phase transformations; interface diffusion; transmission electron microscopy; modeling ID INTERPHASE BOUNDARY STRUCTURE; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; INTERFACIAL STRUCTURE; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; ELASTIC INTERACTION; MECHANISM; PLATES; MICROSCOPE; MIGRATION; COHERENT AB Aging a quenched, face-centered cubic, Ni-45wt%Cr alloy at intermediate temperatures produces Cr-rich body-centered cubic precipitates with a lath morphology and two prominent boundary facets. Both the faceted boundaries migrate by a ledge mechanism. The density of ledges in these boundaries were measured as a function of time and related to the precipitate's shape and growth kinetics. A tendency of ledges to coalesce on one of the facets contributes to differences in the migration behavior of the two boundaries. One boundary has a distinct crystallographic habit, the other does not, and while both boundaries migrate with parabolic kinetics, they have different rate constants. The rate constants are influenced by the formation rate of ledges on the respective boundaries. Growth models are used in conjunction with the experimental measurements to show that the boundaries and ledges move at rates controlled by solute diffusion in the matrix. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Spanos, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6324, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM spanos@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 53 IS 4 BP 895 EP 906 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.07.048 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 894EX UT WOS:000226774500001 ER PT J AU Lawson, GE Lee, YW Raushel, FM Singh, A AF Lawson, GE Lee, YW Raushel, FM Singh, A TI Phospholipid-based catalytic nanocapsules SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS HYDROLASE; ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION; LIPOSOMES; HYDROLYSIS AB The encapsulation and catalytic efficiency of organophosphate hydrolyzing enzymes in polymer-stabilized nanocapsules is reported. Polymerized vesicles-derived from a headgroup-polymerizable phospholipid, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-N-(2-hydroxymethyl)-3,5-divinylbenzamide (DPPE-DVBA)-containing enzymes were used as catalytic nanocapsules. Three enzymes, organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH), phosphotriesterase (PTE), and organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (OPAA), were encapsulated in vesicles by incubating them with freeze-dried vesicles at 55 degreesC, followed by intermittent vortex-mixing. Enzyme-containing vesicles, collected after gel-filtration, were stabilized by photopolymerization at 254 run to yield crosslinked catalytic nanocapsules. The nanocapsules containing OPH and PTE showed specific activities of 0.36 and 1.74 mumol mg(-1) min(-1) respectively, against methyl parathion (MPT), and OPAA-containing nanocapsules showed a specific activity of 57.1 mumol mg(-1) min(-1) against diisopropylfluorophosphate. Freeze-dried, OPH- and PTE-containing nanocapsules showed retentions of 83% and 85% specific activity, respectively, upon redispersion in buffer solution. Three-week, room-temperature storage of OPH-containing nanocapsules showed a retention of 18% enzyme activity. Hydrolysis of MPT in crosslinked DPPE-DVBA/OPH vesicles showed that hydrophobic MPT permeated through the bilayer membrane of the freeze-dried nanocapsules, releasing the hydrolysis product para-nitrophenol, which permeated back to the exogenous dispersion medium leaving the enzymes free to react with freshly permeated MPT in the interior of the nanocapsules. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. RP Lawson, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM asingh@cbrnse.nrl.navy.mil RI Raushel, Frank/B-7125-2015 OI Raushel, Frank/0000-0002-5918-3089 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1002/adfm.200400153 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 903CN UT WOS:000227403100012 ER PT J AU Phongikaroon, S Calabrese, RV AF Phongikaroon, S Calabrese, RV TI Effect of internal and external resistances on the swelling of droplets SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; DIFFUSION; NUCLEATION AB The diffusion equation is solved, subject to a quasi-steady approximation, to determine the swelling rate of a spherical drop in an infinite medium. External convective mass transfer to the growing drop surface is accounted for as a boundary condition. Three cases are considered: the general case of finite Biot number (Bi), and the limiting cases of infinite Bi (negligible external convective resistance), and low Bi (negligible internal diffusion resistance). Analytical approximations and numerical solutions are developed and detailed results are presented. The dimensionless swelling rate is governed by a dimensionless mass driving force ((p) over bar), a dimensionless time (X-D(0)), and the Biot number. The various models are compared over the range 0.001 < (p) over bar < 1.0; 10(-5) < X-D(0) < 500; and 0.01 < Bi < infinity to determine when the more easily applied analytical approximations are valid, and to determine the critical Bi for which internal diffusion resistance or external convective resistance can be ignored. In these limits the simpler low Bi or infinite Bi models can be applied, respectively, in place of the finite Bi model. The results show that the analytical approximations are valid for (p) over bar less than or equal to 0.05. Furthermore, the infinite Bi numerical solution is accurate for Bi > 100, whereas the low Bi solution is valid for Bi < 1. (C) 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Phongikaroon, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, POB 2528, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. EM supathorn.phongikaroon@anlw.anl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0001-1541 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 51 IS 2 BP 379 EP 391 DI 10.1002/aic.10322 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 893UC UT WOS:000226743800003 ER PT J AU Lederman, ER Crum, NE AF Lederman, ER Crum, NE TI Pyogenic liver abscess with a focus on Klebsiella pneumoniae as a primary pathogen: An emerging disease with unique clinical characteristics SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID METASTATIC SEPTIC ENDOPHTHALMITIS; HEPATIC-ABSCESS; ENDOGENOUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; DRAINAGE; DIAGNOSIS; EMPHASIS; PATIENT; TAIWAN; LUNG AB OBJECTIVES: Pyogenic liver abscess is a common intraabdominal infection. Historically, Escherichia coli (E. coli) has been the predominant causative agent. Klebsiella liver abscess (KLA) was first reported in Taiwan and has surpassed E. coli as the number one isolate from patients with hepatic abscesses in that country and reports from other countries, including the United States, have increased. We examined the microbiologic trends of pyogenic liver abscess at our institution to determine if a similar shift in etiologic agents was occurring. METHODS: We examined all cases of liver abscess at our institution from 1999 to 2003 via a retrospective chart review of inpatient records and reviewed the English literature via a MEDLINE search for all U.S. cases of KLA. RESULTS: Since 1966, only 12 cases of KLA have been reported in the United States. We report six cases of KLA at our institution alone; 2 patients were not Asian, and 4 were not diabetic. Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) was the most common cause of pyogenic hepatic abscess at our institution over the last 5-yr period. When comparing Klebsiella versus other causes of pyogenic liver abscess, there were no significant differences in demographics or laboratory findings; however, most of our Klebsiella cases occurred among Filipinos. Review of the 18 cases of K. pneumoniae liver abscess in the United States showed that Klebsiella cases occurred predominantly among middle-aged men; 83% had concurrent bacteremia and 28% had metastatic complications. An increasing number of cases were reported from the United States since the mid-1990s. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that KLA may represent an emerging disease in Western countries, such as the United States. The diagnosis of K. pneumoniae should be considered in all cases of liver abscess, and appropriate antibiotic therapy and a diagnostic work-up for metastatic complications should be employed. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Lederman, ER (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. EM elederman@yahoo.com NR 48 TC 164 Z9 173 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 100 IS 2 BP 322 EP 331 DI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.40310.x PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 893NK UT WOS:000226726300012 PM 15667489 ER PT J AU Umstattd, RJ Carr, CG Frenzen, CL Luginsland, JW Lau, YY AF Umstattd, RJ Carr, CG Frenzen, CL Luginsland, JW Lau, YY TI A simple physical derivation of Child-Langmuir space-charge-limited emission using vacuum capacitance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CURRENTS; LAW AB The fundamental Child-Langmuir limit on the maximum current density in a vacuum between two infinite parallel electrodes is one of the most well known and often applied rules of plasma physics. We develop a simple model using vacuum capacitance, conservation of energy, and conservation of charge to derive the Child-Langmuir space-charge-limited emission. This capacitive model provides physical insight into the origins of the well known (voltage)(3/2)/(gap distance)(2) scaling of the classical current density and does not require the solution of the nonlinear differential equation normally associated with the Child-Langmuir formulation. In addition, the full space-charge-limited solution is reproduced without imposing the condition that the electric field be driven to zero at the cathode surface. (C) 2005 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NumerEx, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Umstattd, RJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM rjumstat@nps.navy.mil NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 73 IS 2 BP 160 EP 163 DI 10.1119/1.1781664 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 892CB UT WOS:000226626200010 ER PT J AU Andersen, EM Cruz-Saldarriaga, M Llanos-Cuentas, A Luz-Cjuno, M Echevarria, J Miranda-Verastegui, C Colina, O Berman, JD AF Andersen, EM Cruz-Saldarriaga, M Llanos-Cuentas, A Luz-Cjuno, M Echevarria, J Miranda-Verastegui, C Colina, O Berman, JD TI Comparison of meglumine antimoniate and pentamidine for Peruvian cutaneous leishmaniasis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SODIUM STIBOGLUCONATE; AGENTS AB Pentamidine was compared with meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) for 80 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis due to LEishmania braziliensis in Peru. Of the 40 patients administered Glucantime (20 mg of antimony [Sb]/kg,/day intravenously for 20 days), 31 cured (78%), 6 failed (15%), of which 5 were due to relapse, and 3 were lost to follow-up (7%). Of the 40 patients administered pentamidine (2 mg/kg every other day for seven injections), 14 were cured (35%), 23 failed (58%), and 3 were lost to follow-up (7%). Five pentamidine failures were due to relapse, and 14 failures were due to the presence of parasites two weeks after therapy. Both regimens were well tolerated. Gastrointestinal. musculoskeletal, and total adverse events were not statistically different in either group. Elevations in levels of liver enzymes and pancreatic enzymes were statistically higher in the Glucantime group, but no patient terminated therapy prematurely. In this study, Glucantime was more effective than pentamidine for treatment of L. braziliensis cutaneous leishmaniasis in Peru based on parasitologic as well as clinical criteria. C1 USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 5, Naval Stn, San Diego, CA 92136 USA. Hosp Inst Peruano Seguro Social, Cuzco, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. NIH, Natl Ctr Complementary & Alternat Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Andersen, EM (reprint author), USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 5, Naval Stn, 3235 Albacore Alley, San Diego, CA 92136 USA. EM eandersen@nepmu5.med.navy.mil NR 13 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 BP 133 EP 137 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 903CE UT WOS:000227402200005 PM 15741547 ER PT J AU Bardwell, WA Ensign, WY Mills, PJ AF Bardwell, WA Ensign, WY Mills, PJ TI Negative mood endures after completion of high-altitude military training SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STATES; PERFORMANCE; PLACEBO; METERS; SLEEP AB Background: Associations between physical and emotional stress and negative mood states have been documented in a variety of populations. In military personnel, more physical symptoms and decrements in ability, to perform critical tasks have been shown to accompany such stress-induced negative mood. Most research in this area has focused on immediate effects of stress on mood. Purpose: We wondered what immediate mood effects strenuous training would have on Marines, what mood effects would endure 30 and 90 days after completion of training, and how mood scores would compare with normative data. Methods: Sixty male Marines (M age = 19 years, range = 18-28) completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS) at multiple time points before and after participating in a 30-day, cold weather, high-altitude field training exercise. Anthropometric measurements were taken at the same time points. Results: The Marines reported significant increases in POMS scores from baseline to completion of training, most of which endured up to 90 days. The anger and fatigue scores reported by the Marines were comparable to adult male psychiatric outpatient norms. Conclusions: Rigorous training in challenging environments may result in enduring negative moods that approach levels of clinical significance and may have implications for readiness for duty and performance of critical tasks. Behavioral medicine interventions may be helpful in military populations to reduce the impact of negative mood. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Bardwell, WA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM wabardwell@ucsd.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 57265] NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 64 EP 69 DI 10.1207/s15324796abm2901_9 PG 6 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 891ZR UT WOS:000226620000008 PM 15677302 ER PT J AU Barron, JA Krizman, DB Ringeisen, BR AF Barron, JA Krizman, DB Ringeisen, BR TI Laser printing of single cells: Statistical analysis, cell viability, and stress SO ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE BioLP((TM)); laser-induced forward transfer; tissue engineering; cell separation; cell seeding ID MAPLE DIRECT WRITE; SCANNING CYTOMETRY; EVAPORATION MAPLE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; SHEAR-STRESS; DEPOSITION; BIOMATERIALS; POPULATIONS; MICROARRAYS AB Methods to print patterns of mammalian cells to various substrates with high resolution offer unique possibilities to contribute to a wide range of fields including tissue engineering, cell separation, and functional genomics. This manuscript details experiments demonstrating that BioLP(TM) Biological Laser Printing, can be used to rapidly and accurately print patterns of single cells in a noncontact manner. Human osteosarcoma cells were deposited into a biopolymer matrix, and after 6 days of incubation, the printed cells are shown to be 100% viable. Printing low numbers of cells per spot by BioLP(TM) is shown to follow a Poisson distribution, indicating that the reproducibility for the number of cells per spot is therefore determined not by the variance in printed volume per drop but by random sampling statistics. Potential cell damage during the laser printing process is also investigated via immunocytochemical studies that demonstrate minimal expression of heat shock proteins by printed cells. Overall, we find that BioLP(TM) is able to print patterns of osteosarcoma cells with high viability, little to no heat or shear damage to the cells, and at the ultimate single cell resolution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Biol Chem Branch, Chem Div,Chem Dynam & Diagnost Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Biol Chem Branch, Chem Div,Chem Dynam & Diagnost Branch, Code 6113,Bldg 207,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ringeisn@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 78 Z9 84 U1 4 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-6964 J9 ANN BIOMED ENG JI Ann. Biomed. Eng. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1007/s10439-005-8971-x PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 899RO UT WOS:000227162700001 PM 15771266 ER PT J AU Antevil, JL Buckley, RG Johnson, AS Woolf, AM Thoman, DS Riffenburgh, RH AF Antevil, JL Buckley, RG Johnson, AS Woolf, AM Thoman, DS Riffenburgh, RH TI Treatment of suspected symptomatic cholelithiasis with glycopyrrolate: A prospective, randomized clinical trial SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GALLBLADDER; INTERIM ANALYSES; CONTRACTION; PAIN; PHARMACOKINETICS; DRUGS AB Study objective: Glycopyrrolate is advocated for the treatment of acute pain from suspected symptomatic cholelithiasis. However, there is no clinical evidence to substantiate its use. This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of glycopyrrolate in relieving acute abdominal pain of suspected biliary tract origin. Methods: Between July 2002 and April 2003, a convenience sample of patients presenting to the emergency department with upper abdominal pain of suspected biliary tract origin was randomized to receive either intravenous glycopyrrolate or placebo (normal saline solution). Pain level was assessed at baseline using a visual analog scale, with,a repeat assessment 20 minutes after intervention. Patients and clinicians were blinded to the study drug. Results: Because of difficulty with patient enrollment, the trial was terminated before achievement of the initial goal of 54 patients. On analysis of the 38 patients completing the study protocol, glycopyrrolate and placebo groups had similar demographic and baseline characteristics. There was no significant difference in pain relief between patients receiving glycopyrrolate and those receiving placebo (median decrease in visual analog pain scale pain 3 mm [95% confidence interval -2 to 17 mm] versus 8 mm [95% confidence interval -2 to 20 mm], respectively). Conclusion: Although limited by small size and convenience sampling, these results fail to demonstrate any improvement in pain of,suspected biliary tract origin with the administration of glycopyrrolate. Further study is needed to determine whether intravenous glycopyrrolate has any significant analgesic effect for patients with this condition. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Antevil, JL (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM docantevil@yahoo.com NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 45 IS 2 BP 172 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.06.017 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 893GP UT WOS:000226707600011 PM 15671975 ER PT J AU Tanen, DA AF Tanen, DA TI Reminiscing on military duty in Iraq SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 91234 USA. RP Tanen, DA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Emergency Med, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 91234 USA. EM dtanen@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 45 IS 2 BP 219 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.07.452 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 893GP UT WOS:000226707600017 PM 15671981 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Optimum design of a subsonic axial-flow compressor stage SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE axial flow compressor; optimum design; efficiency; weight; stall margin AB The design of an axial-flow compressor stage for subcritical Mach numbers has been formulated as a non-linear multi-objective mathematical programming problem with the objective of minimizing the aerodynamic losses and the weight of the stage, while maximizing the compressor's stall margin. Aerodynamic as well as mechanical constraints are considered in the optimization solution. The prediction model for estimating the performance characteristics, such as efficiency, weight and stall margin, of the compressor stage is presented. The present design optimization procedure can be applied to a multi-stage compressor. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@public.wh.hb.cn NR 26 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD FEB PY 2005 VL 80 IS 2 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.03.008 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 896BJ UT WOS:000226909300006 ER PT J AU Elkousy, HA Sekiya, LCDRJK Stabile, KJ McMahon, PJ AF Elkousy, HA Sekiya, LCDRJK Stabile, KJ McMahon, PJ TI A biomechanical comparison of arthroscopic sliding and sliding-locking knots SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE knots; Weston; Duncan loop; Nicky's knot; square knot ID LOOP SECURITY; SLIP KNOT; SUTURE; MONOFILAMENT; MECHANISM; REPAIR AB Purpose: To evaluate biomechanical characteristics of 3 arthroscopic sliding and sliding-locking knots and the square knot, the gold standard used in open surgery. Type of Study: Biomechanical investigation. Methods: Four different knot types (Weston, square, Duncan loop, and Nicky's) were tested in 5 configurations in a closed-loop system on a materials testing device. Three of the 5 knots were backed up with 3 reverse half-hitches and alternating posts and all sliding and sliding-locking knots were tied using an arthroscopic technique. Twelve knots of each configuration were tested for loop security with a 7-N preload, and for knot security with load to failure at a strain rate of 1.25 mm/second and cyclic loading of a 30-N force for 50 cycles. Results: No knots subjected to the 7-N preload failed or slipped and all had similar elongation (0.1 +/- 0.1 mm) except Nicky's knot (0.3 +/- 0.2 mm). There was no significant difference in load at failure for the square knot (178 +/- 14 N), the Weston knot backed with 3 half-hitches (168 +/- 14 N), the Duncan loop (160 +/- 20 N), or Nicky's knot (148 +/- 13 N). Most knots with 3 half-hitches failed with rupture at the knot. Under cyclic loading, no knots failed and none elongated greater than an average of 0.3 rum. Conclusions: All knot configurations maintained high loop security. All sliding and sliding-locking knots backed with 3 half-hitches had load at failure comparable to the square knot. With cyclic load testing, all knots tested elongated minimally. Additionally, this study confirms that all knots, even the sliding-locking Weston knot, are best backed up with 3 half-hitches alternating posts and directions of the throws. Clincial Relevance: Sliding and sliding-locking knots are becoming increasingly popular among arthroscopic shoulder surgeons. This Study provides a biomechanical basis for the clinical use of these arthroscopic knots and compares them with the gold standard, the open square knot. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Ctr Sports Med, Musculoskeletal Res Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. USN, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Fondren Orthoped Grp, Sugar Land, TX USA. RP Sekiya, LCDRJK (reprint author), USN, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM jsekiya@hotniail.com OI Elkousy, Hussein/0000-0002-0855-8792 NR 18 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD FEB PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 204 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2004.09.024 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 902KE UT WOS:000227353700012 PM 15689871 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Landi, E Laming, JM AF Feldman, U Landi, E Laming, JM TI Helium abundance in high-temperature solar flare plasmas SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : abundances; Sun : corona; Sun : flares; Sun : UV radiation ID UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; QUIET SUN; 10(7) K; CORONA; SOHO; DIAGNOSTICS; WAVELENGTHS; INTENSITIES AB In the present work we use emission from dense plasmas late in the decay phase of flares, while the plasmas are still hot [(2-4) x 10(6) K], to determine the absolute helium abundance in flaring solar corona. To achieve this, we make use of intensity ratios of H I and He II lines and of intensity ratios between the He II lines and the bremsstrahlung continuum radiation emitted by the local postflare plasmas. These ratios are very sensitive to the electron temperature, which is measured by using two different techniques: intensity ratios from lines emitted by heavier elements and from the line width of H I and He II lines. The latter method is made possible by the low atomic weight of H and He and by the high temperature of the plasma, which causes the widths of these lines to exceed 0.6 Angstrom (He) and 1.1 Angstrom (H). Such values significantly exceed the broadening due to nonthermal mass motions, so line widths can provide accurate temperature measurements. The average helium absolute abundance was found to be 12.2% +/- 2.4%. C1 Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), Artep Inc, 2922 Excelsior Springs Court, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 619 IS 2 BP 1142 EP 1152 DI 10.1086/426539 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 891NZ UT WOS:000226589100044 ER PT J AU Pullen, J Boris, JP Young, T Patnaik, G Iselin, J AF Pullen, J Boris, JP Young, T Patnaik, G Iselin, J TI A comparison of contaminant plume statistics from a Gaussian puff and urban CFD model for two large cities SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE urban dispersion; urban meteorology; emergency response; modeling ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; DISPERSION; ENVIRONMENT; FLOWS AB This paper quantitatively assesses the spatial extent of modeled contaminated regions resulting from hypothetical airborne agent releases in major urban areas. We compare statistics from a release at several different sites in Washington DC and Chicago using a Gaussian puff model (SCIPUFF, version 1.3, with urban parameter settings) and a building-resolving computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model (FAST3D-CT). For a neutrally buoyant gas source term with urban meteorology, we compare near-surface dosage values within several kilometers of the release during the first half hour, before the gas is dispersed beyond the critical lethal level. In particular, using "fine-grain" point-Nvise statistics such as fractional bias, spatial correlations and the percentage of points lying within a factor of two, we find that dosage distributions from the Gaussian puff and CFD model share few features in common. Yet the "coarse-grain" statistic that compares areas contained within a given contour level reveals that the differences between the models are less pronounced. Most significant among these distinctions is the rapid lofting, leading to enhanced vertical mixing, and projection downwind of the contaminant by the interaction of the winds with the urban landscape in the CFD model. This model-to-model discrepancy is partially ameliorated by supplying the puff model with more detailed information about the urban boundary layer that evolves on the CFD grid. While improving the correspondence of the models when using the "coarse-grain" statistic, the additional information does not lead to quite as substantial an overall agreement between the models when the "fine-grain" statistics are compared. The taller, denser and more variable building landscape of Chicago created increased sensitivity to release site and led to greater divergence in FAST3D-CT and SCIPUFF results relative to the flatter, sparser and more uniform urban morphology of Washington DC. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Ctr Int Secur & Cooperat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Bucknell Univ, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. RP Pullen, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Dr Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pullen@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 27 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1049 EP 1068 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.10.043 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900FN UT WOS:000227200900007 ER PT J AU Rehill, B Clauss, A Wieczorek, L Whitham, T Lindroth, R AF Rehill, B Clauss, A Wieczorek, L Whitham, T Lindroth, R TI Foliar phenolic glycosides from Populus fremontii, Populus angustifolia, and their hybrids SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Populus fremontii; Populus angustifolia; Salicaceae; ecological biochemistry; salicortin; HCH-salicortin; anti-herbivore compounds ID CHEMOTAXONOMIC SURVEY; CHRYSOMELA-CONFLUENS; CHEMICAL DEFENSE; SALICACEAE; HYBRIDIZATION; SALIX; PREDATION; LEAVES; ASPEN AB Salicortin (1) and HCH-salicortin (2) were isolated and identified from the foliage of Populus fremontii and its F-1 hybrids with Populus angustifolia. Salicortin, but not HCH-salicortin, also occurred in P. angustifolia and complex backcrosses to angustifolia. Concentrations ranged from 0 to 17.5% dry weight for salicortin and 0 to 5.9% dry weight for HCH-salicortin. HCH-salicortin may possess potent anti-herbivore activity as it contains two of the hydroxycyclo-hexen-on-oyl moieties known to confer such activity to salicortin. Further, this compound may be a useful chemotaxonomic character within the genus Populus, since it appears to occur in section Aigeiros but not in section Tacamahaca. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Rehill, B (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM rehill@usna.edu RI Lindroth, Richard/A-8538-2009 OI Lindroth, Richard/0000-0003-4587-7255 NR 21 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.bse.2004.06.004 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 896HM UT WOS:000226925200003 ER PT J AU Cheatham, S Kailasanath, K AF Cheatham, S Kailasanath, K TI Numerical modelling of liquid-fuelled detonations in tubes SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Article ID DROPLET VAPORIZATION; SHOCK-TUBE; COMBUSTION; SIMULATIONS; EVAPORATION; PARTICLES; SPRAYS; WAVES; FLOWS AB A numerical model for liquid-fuelled detonation is developed. An Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation with two-way coupling between the gas and droplet phases is used to numerically simulate detonation of JP-10 fuel droplets in O-2 in a 1.5 m tube. The results of spatial and temporal resolution studies are presented. Then, the consequence of various choices of droplet drag and convective-enhancement sub-models is investigated. It is found that the detailed effects of such models are secondary to those of chemical energy release of the detonation. Detonation structure is shown to vary with initial droplet size and with the amount of initial fuel vapour present. For the range of small droplets considered, the self-propagating detonation velocity depends only minimally on such parameters. Small deficits in propagation velocity from the gaseous Chapnian-Jouguet (C-J) value appear to be due to increasing inhomogeneity of the fuel-oxidant mixture as droplet size increases. Such results are in general agreement with the limited experimental data available. Also comparable to experimentally observed trends, results show that the existence of some initial fuel vapour increases the ease of detonability of liquid-fuelled mixtures. More generally, smaller droplet sizes and higher levels of heating and prevaporization are shown to enhance quick transition to a sustained self-propagating detonation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Code 6410,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cheatham@lcp.nrl.navy.mil NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 EI 1741-3559 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 9 IS 1 BP 23 EP 48 DI 10.1080/13647830500051786 PG 26 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 942UD UT WOS:000230307500002 ER PT J AU Sulit, DJ Harford, R O'Neill, JT AF Sulit, DJ Harford, R O'Neill, JT TI Discrete papular form of lichen myxedematosus: A case report and review of the literature SO CUTIS LA English DT Review ID CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C; CUTANEOUS MUCINOSIS; SCLEROMYXEDEMA; MYXOEDEMATOSUS; INFANCY; CLASSIFICATION; VARIANT; ENTITY AB The discrete papular form of lichen myxedematosus (LM) is a rare idiopathic skin disorder. We present a case of this type in an 80-year-old African American woman. She was treated with pimecrolimus cream, which resulted in symptomatic relief. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the discrete papular form of LM occurring in an African American, as well as the first report on the disorder's response to pimecrolimus therapy. We also review the English medical literature on this rare disease and examine and summarize the findings. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Branch Med Clin, Corps Air Stn, Beaufort, SC USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Dermatol, Dermatol Mohs Microg Surg Lab, San Diego, CA USA. RP O'Neill, JT (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Dermatol, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM jentara55@hotmail.com NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD FEB PY 2005 VL 75 IS 2 BP 105 EP 112 PG 8 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 898CU UT WOS:000227054400005 PM 15773531 ER PT J AU Pilone, M AF Pilone, M TI Building an Eclipse web-search plug-ln SO DR DOBBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN, US Dept Def, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20305 USA. RP Pilone, M (reprint author), USN, US Dept Def, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20305 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLER FREEMAN, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 600 HARRISON ST,, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1044-789X J9 DR DOBBS J JI Dr. Dobbs J. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 43 EP 46 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 886MH UT WOS:000226231000013 ER PT J AU Chey, WD Cash, BD AF Chey, WD Cash, BD TI Cilansetron: a new serotonergic agent for the irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea SO EXPERT OPINION ON INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS LA English DT Article DE cilansetron; diarrhoea; functional bowel disorders; irritable bowel syndrome; serotonin; therapy ID PREDOMINANCE IBS-D; 5-HT3 ANTAGONIST; EFFICACY; SAFETY; WOMEN; 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE; ALOSETRON; PLACEBO; COLITIS; TRIAL AB Cilansetron is a novel serotonin type-3 (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) receptor subtype 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist currently being evaluated for the treatment of female and male patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea predominance (IBS-D). 5-HT3 receptor antagonists such as cilansetron have been shown to affect gastrointestinal motility. Whether cilansetron affects visceral sensation independent of effects on visceral compliance remains controversial. Results from two large, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group Phase III clinical trials of cilansetron in patients with IBS-D have recently been presented in abstract form. These studies found that cilansetron was more effective than placebo at improving overall, as well as individual symptoms, including abdominal pain and diarrhoea in female and male IBS-D patients. The most commonly reported side effect with cilansetron has been constipation and, in general, the drug has been well tolerated in clinical trials. Although rare, the most concerning side effect observed with cilansetron has been suspected ischaemic colitis. The event rate for suspected ischaemic colitis associated with cilansetron from clinical trials is 3.77 per 1000 person years of exposure. This rate appears to be greater than that expected in the IBS population and similar to that observed with alosetron, another 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. All of the cases of suspected ischaemic colitis reported with cilansetron have resolved without serious sequelae. How issues surrounding the safety of cilansetron will affect the approval process in various countries remains to be determined. However, the risk-benefit of cilansetron is likely to be most favourable in patients with IBS-D who have failed to respond to conventional medical therapies. A detailed risk management plan and post-marketing surveillance programme will be required should this drug become available for the treatment of patients with IBS-D. C1 Univ Michigan, Div Gastroenterol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Colon Canc Ctr Initiat, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Chey, WD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Div Gastroenterol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM wchey@umich.edu; BDCash@Bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 32 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASHLEY PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1354-3784 J9 EXPERT OPIN INV DRUG JI Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs PD FEB PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1517/13543784.14.2.185 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 908IW UT WOS:000227781700007 PM 15757394 ER PT J AU Bosshard, M AF Bosshard, M TI Story of a cannibal woman. SO FRENCH REVIEW LA French DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bosshard, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC TEACHERS FRENCH PI CARBONDALE PA MAILCODE 4510, SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-4510 USA SN 0016-111X J9 FR REV JI Fr. Rev. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 78 IS 3 BP 608 EP 609 PG 2 WC Literature, Romance SC Literature GA 896FN UT WOS:000226920100045 ER PT J AU Masterson, D AF Masterson, D TI The Peruvian revolution: Ideology and political practice of a military government, 1968-1975. SO HAHR-HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Masterson, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DUKE UNIV PRESS PI DURHAM PA 905 W MAIN ST, STE 18-B, DURHAM, NC 27701 USA SN 0018-2168 J9 HAHR-HISP AM HIST R JI HAHR-Hisp. Am. Hist. Rev. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 85 IS 1 BP 175 EP 177 DI 10.1215/00182168-85-1-175 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 916BE UT WOS:000228357100038 ER PT J AU Lindle, JR Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Kim, CS Meyer, JR Johnson, JL Thomas, ML Piquette, EC Tennant, WE AF Lindle, JR Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Kim, CS Meyer, JR Johnson, JL Thomas, ML Piquette, EC Tennant, WE TI Negative luminescence from large-area HgCdTe photodiode arrays with 4.8-6.0-mu m cutoff wavelengths SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE infrared (IR) light-emitting diode; midwave IR photodiode; negative luminescence (NL) ID OPERATING TEMPERATURE DETECTORS; DIODE-ARRAYS; DEVICES AB We demonstrate the substantial suppression of infrared (IR) blackbody emission from HgCdTe photodiode arrays with cutoff wavelengths of 4.8, 5.5, and 6.0 mum. At room temperature, a reverse bias induces internal negative luminescence (NL) efficiencies of 95%, 93%, and 88%, respectively, which correspond to apparent cooling of the surface temperatures by 60, 59, and 49 K. Reverse-bias saturation current densities for the three devices were 0.11, 0.7, and 32 A/cm(2). Measurement and analysis of the material transmission characteristics indicate that the small residual inefficiencies may be limited by a parasitic absorption process. The 4.8 and 5.5 pin photodiodes were fabricated into 18 x 2 arrays with total areas of 5 mm x 5 mm. In both cases, all 36 array elements were fully operable, and had similar electrical and NL properties. Effective fill factors were approximate to100%, since carrier diffusion led to the extraction of carriers from regions between the elements. These results show that efficient, low-power NL devices with active areas in the square-inch range are now feasible for such applications as the cold shielding of infrared focal-plane arrays. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rockwell Sci, Imaging Div, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Lindle, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lindle@nrl.navy.mil; Bewley@sisyphus.nrl.navy.mil; Vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil; Chulsoo@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; Meyer@sisyphus.nrl.navy.mil; jjohnson@rwsc.com; mthomas@rwsc.com; epiquette@rwsc.com; wtennant@rwsc.com RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1109/JQE.2004.839721 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 891QA UT WOS:000226594400015 ER PT J AU Cameron, CB Rodriguez, RN Padgett, N Waluschka, E Kizhner, S AF Cameron, CB Rodriguez, RN Padgett, N Waluschka, E Kizhner, S TI Optical ray tracing using parallel processors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE digital signal processor (DSP); optical ray tracing; optics; parallel processing; reconfigurable computer (RC); reconfigurable computing AB One of the instruments on the sun-synchronous Terra (EOS AM) and Aqua (EOS PM) spacecraft, the Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS), obtains calibration data once during every orbit. Observations of the sun permit corrections to observations of the earth during the ensuing orbit Although the instrument was designed to receive uniform sunlight over the entire surface of its detector, the sunlight was in fact not uniform. While this did not adversely affect the calibration, it nonetheless implied a lack of understanding of how the optical system really functioned. To learn what was wrong, NASA used an optical ray-tracing program on a DEC Alpha computer. The results correlated well with the observations made by the instrument itself, but it took nearly two weeks to complete the computer simulation, a discouragingly long time. This paper describes the algorithm and its implementation in a system with multiple digital signal processor (DSP) chips operating in parallel. Timing data show a highly linear relationship between the number of DSPs present and the speed of the computation. Administrative overhead is negligible compared to the time taken to compute ray trajectories. This implies that many more than just four DSPs could be harnessed before administrative overhead would begin to be significant. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20768 USA. RP Cameron, CB (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 54 IS 1 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1109/TIM.2004.838131 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 887ZA UT WOS:000226342800012 ER PT J AU Buchner, S Campbell, AB Sternberg, A Massengill, L McMorrow, D Dyer, C AF Buchner, S Campbell, AB Sternberg, A Massengill, L McMorrow, D Dyer, C TI Validity of using a fixed analog input for evaluating the SEU sensitivity of a flash analog-to-digital converter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE analog-to-digital converter (ADC); decoding security; single-event upsets (SEUs); space radiation AB The single-event upset (SEU) rate in a flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC) AD9058 on board a space experiment varied by more than an order of magnitude, depending on the input. A pulsed laser aided in elucidating the reasons, which were found to be the result of the unique design of the AD9058. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. QinetiQ, Farnborough GU14 0LX, Hants, England. RP Buchner, S (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sbuchner@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; campbell@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; andrew@spacepc9.vuse.vanderbilt.edu; lloyd.massengill@vanderbilt.edu; mcmorrow@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; dyer@space.qinetiq.com NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 52 IS 1 BP 462 EP 467 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.842721 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 913QW UT WOS:000228169000007 ER PT J AU Kimura, WD Andreev, NE Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Cline, DB Dilley, CE Gottschalk, SC Hooker, SA Kusche, KP Kuznetsov, SV Pavlishin, IV Pogorelsky, IV Pogosova, AA Steinhauer, LC Ting, A Yakimenko, V Zigler, A Zhou, F AF Kimura, WD Andreev, NE Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Cline, DB Dilley, CE Gottschalk, SC Hooker, SA Kusche, KP Kuznetsov, SV Pavlishin, IV Pogorelsky, IV Pogosova, AA Steinhauer, LC Ting, A Yakimenko, V Zigler, A Zhou, F TI Pseudoresonant laser wakefield acceleration driven by 10.6-mu m laser light SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Plasma Science CY JUN, 2003 CL Baltimore, MD DE capillary discharge; carbon dioxide lasers; electron accelerators; laser accelerators; laser wakefield acceleration ID CHANNEL AB This paper describes an experiment to demonstrate, for the first time, laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA), driven by 10.6-mum light from a CO2 laser. This experiment is also noteworthy because it will operate in a pseudoresonant LWFA regime, in which the laser-pulse-length is too long for resonant LWFA, but too short for self-modulated LWFA. Nonetheless, high acceleration gradients are still possible. This experiment builds upon an earlier experiment called staged electron laser acceleration (STELLA), where efficient trapping and monoenergetic laser acceleration of electrons were demonstrated using inverse free electron lasers. The aim is to apply the STELLA approach of laser-driven microbunch formation followed by laser-driven trapping and acceleration to LWFA. These capabilities are important for a practical electron linear accelerator based upon LWFA. C1 STI Optron Inc, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Densities, Moscow 125412, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Washington, Redmond Plasma Phys Lab, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Kimura, WD (reprint author), STI Optron Inc, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA. EM wkimura@stioptronics.com RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012; Hooker, Simon/D-1402-2015 OI Hooker, Simon/0000-0002-1243-520X NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.841173 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 898IZ UT WOS:000227071800002 ER PT J AU Lampe, M Joyce, G Ganguli, G AF Lampe, M Joyce, G Ganguli, G TI Structure and dynamics of dust in streaming plasma: Dust molecules, strings, and crystals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Plasma Science CY JUN, 2003 CL Baltimore, MD DE dusty plasma; particulates in plasma; plasma ID COULOMB CRYSTALLIZATION; YUKAWA SYSTEMS; PARTICLES; FLOW; GRAINS; SHEATH; SIMULATION; FORCES; OBJECT; CHARGE AB In a plasma with ions streaming at a uniform velocity similar toc(s), dust grains can be accurately modeled as particles interacting via the dynamically-screened Coulomb interaction, calculated from linear response theory for the plasma. This force is nonreciprocal, i.e., action does not equal reaction, which has remarkable dynamical consequences. We show that up to four grains can form a stable self-bound molecule, which propels itself upstream against the ion flow. Stable equilibria are also found for pairs of grains confined in harmonic or quartic external potentials. For two grains in an anharmonic potential, or for three or more grains in any potential, there is no conserved quantity and self-excited oscillations can occur. In general, there are multiple equilibria, hysteresis occurs as parameters are varied, and it is not possible to distinguish ground and excited states. We show how the organizational and dynamical principles that govern the behavior of few-grain and low-dimensional systems also elucidate the more complex dynamics of crystals. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Lampe, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.841926 PN 1 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 898IZ UT WOS:000227071800008 ER PT J AU Terry, RE Apruzese, JP AF Terry, RE Apruzese, JP TI Two- and three-wire loads for large current machines SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fluid particle methods; plasma radiation sources; wire ablation; wire arrays; X-ray production; Z-pinches ID ARRAY; HYDRODYNAMICS; FIELD; MODEL AB Energetic implosions, using two or three load wires to create a focused axial stagnation of dense wire cores amidst the assembled precursor plasma, are examined with respect to the trade between the implosion mass lost to precursor ablation and the mass or kinetic energy available at stagnation. The calculated kinetic energy at stagnation serves as the primary source for the output X-radiation which is estimated with a tabulated collisional radiative model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Terry, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM terry@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.841204 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 898JP UT WOS:000227073400011 ER PT J AU Griesbach, JD Lightner, MR Etter, DM AF Griesbach, JD Lightner, MR Etter, DM TI Constituent subband allocation for system modeling nonuniform subband adaptive filters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE adaptive filters; adaptive signal processing; adaptive systems; filterbanks; modeling; subband processing AB Subband adaptive filters (SAFs) have gained widespread use in key applications such as echo cancellation, system identification, and equalization. SAFs are normally constrained to utilize uniform filterbanks, However, it has been recently proposed that nonuniform filterbanks can give additional flexibility to SAFs that may be used to increase performance. A rigorous mean square error (MSE) analysis has also been completed for standard system modeling nonuniform SAF configurations. This paper completes the next step by theoretically deriving an adaptive algorithm to control the nonuniform filterbank for a system modeling SAF. The algorithm is constructed so that MSE, convergence time, and computational complexity are minimized. Two numerical simulations compare the nonuniform SAF adaptive filterbank algorithm to standard, equivalent uniform SAF performance. C1 MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Griesbach, JD (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM jgriesba@ll.mit.edu; lightner@colorado.edu; etter@gwmail.usna.edu NR 20 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 53 IS 2 BP 539 EP 549 DI 10.1109/TSP.2004.838946 PN 1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 887YI UT WOS:000226341000014 ER PT J AU Griesbach, JD Lightner, MR Etter, DM AF Griesbach, JD Lightner, MR Etter, DM TI Mean square error analysis of nonuniform subband adaptive filters for system modeling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE adaptive filters; adaptive signal processing; adaptive systems; filterbanks; modeling; subband processing ID BANKS; DESIGN AB Nonuniform filterbanks have recently been proposed for subband adaptive filters (SAFs). However, nonuniform SAFs have not yet been given a thorough performance analysis. This paper gives a comprehensive mean square error (MSE) analysis of system modeling, nonuniform (and, degeneratively, uniform) SAFs after convergence for a specified filterbank. Using the equivalent polyphase representation suggested by Ono et al., minimum MSE (MMSE) estimates for the individual subband errors are presented with respect to a given filterbank for finite length (FIR), infinite length causal (IIR), and infinite noncausal adaptive filters. Using these subband MMSE estimators, an MMSE estimator is derived for the overall fullband error. Finally, the derived MMSE estimators are verified by a numerical simulation. The intent of this paper is not to compare nonuniform and uniform SAF performance but merely to present a unified mathematical methodology to predict their MMSEs. C1 MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Griesbach, JD (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM jgriesba@ll.mit.edu; lightner@colorado.edu; etter@gwmail.usna.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 53 IS 2 BP 550 EP 563 DI 10.1109/TSP.2004.840770 PN 1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 887YI UT WOS:000226341000015 ER PT J AU Lin, HCJ Shaffer, KM Sun, ZR Jay, G He, WW Ma, W AF Lin, HCJ Shaffer, KM Sun, ZR Jay, G He, WW Ma, W TI Glial-derived nexin, a differentially expressed gene during neuronal differentiation, transforms HEK cells into neuron-like cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glial-derived nexin; neural stem cells; differential display; neurogenesis; transfection; HEK ID STEM-CELLS; BRAIN; PROTEASES; DISPLAY AB Glial-derived nexin (GDN) is a proteinase inhibitor secreted from glial cells and it can enhance neuronal function. However, its expression and function. in neuronal differentiation are not, as yet, well-known. In the present study, we analyzed glial-derived nexin gene expression in dissociated neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) (DO) from the embryonic mouse cerebral cortex, expanded NS/PC cultures (D4 and D 10 cultures) and cultured neurons (E15) using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR assay. Our data suggest that mouse GDN, homologue of human GDN, was significantly up-regulated in the expanded NS/PC cultures and cultured neurons. To analyze its function in neuronal differentiation, human GDN cDNA was cloned into bicistronic plasmids containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the resulting plasmids were transfected into rodent primary NS/PCs and non-neuronal human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. Our data suggest that the ectopic expression of human GDN triggered the expression of the neuronal marker TuJ1 in both NS/PCs and HEK cells. We conclude that GDN is up-regulated during neuronal differentiation and plays a role in transforming non-neuronal HEK cells into neuron-like cells. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of ISDN. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OriGene Technol Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Lin, HCJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jlin@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil OI Jay, Gregory/0000-0003-1517-8488 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.09.007 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 907XW UT WOS:000227752500002 PM 15730882 ER PT J AU Belta, C Esposito, JM Kim, J Kumar, V AF Belta, C Esposito, JM Kim, J Kumar, V TI Computational techniques for analysis of genetic network dynamics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE genetic networks; hybrid systems; formal analysis; rapidly-exploring random trees ID HYBRID SYSTEMS; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS AB In this paper we propose modeling and analysis techniques for genetic networks that provide biologists with insight into the dynamics of such systems. Central to our modeling approach is the framework of hybrid systems and our analysis tools are derived,from formal analysis of such systems. Given a set of states characterizing a property of biological interest P, we present the Multi-Affine Rectangular Partition (MARP) algorithm for the construction of a set of infeasible states I that will never reach P and the Rapidly Exploring Random Forest of Trees (RRFT) algorithm for the construction of a set of feasible states F that will reach P. These techniques are scalable to high dimensions and can incorporate uncertainty (partial knowledge of kinetic parameters and state uncertainty). We apply these methods to understand the genetic interactions involved in the phenomenon of luminescence production in the marine bacterium V. fischeri. C1 Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM calin@drexel.edu NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0278-3649 EI 1741-3176 J9 INT J ROBOT RES JI Int. J. Robot. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2-3 BP 219 EP 235 DI 10.1177/0278364905050359 PG 17 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 903FB UT WOS:000227409900008 ER PT J AU O'Boyle, AL O'Boyle, JD Calhoun, B Davis, GD AF O'Boyle, AL O'Boyle, JD Calhoun, B Davis, GD TI Pelvic organ support in pregnancy and postpartum SO INTERNATIONAL UROGYNECOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POPQ); pregnancy ID GENITAL PROLAPSE; DELIVERY; POPULATION; URINARY; BIRTH; WOMEN AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate pelvic organ support during pregnancy and following delivery. This was a prospective observational study. Pelvic organ prolapse quanti. cation (POPQ) examinations were performed during each trimester of pregnancy and in the postpartum. Statistical comparisons of POPQ stage and of the nine measurements comprising the POPQ between the different time intervals were made using Wilcoxon's signed rank and the paired t-test. Comparison of POPQ stage by mode of delivery was made using Fisher's exact test. One hundred thirty-five nulliparous women underwent 281 pelvic organ support evaluations. During both the third trimester and postpartum, POPQ stage was significantly higher compared to the first trimester (p< 0.001). In the postpartum, POPQ stage was significantly higher in women delivered vaginally compared to women delivered by cesarean ( p= 0.02). In nulliparous pregnant women, POPQ stage appears to increase during pregnancy and does not change significantly following delivery. In the postpartum, POPQ stage may be higher in women delivered vaginally compared to women delivered by cesarean. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA 23078 USA. Rockford Mem Hosp, Rockford, IL 61103 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP O'Boyle, AL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23078 USA. EM amyoboyle@aol.com NR 15 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0937-3462 J9 INT UROGYNECOL J JI Int. Urogynecol. J. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 69 EP 72 DI 10.1007/s00192-004-1210-4 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology GA 887JY UT WOS:000226303600015 PM 15647966 ER PT J AU Borden, B Cheney, M AF Borden, B Cheney, M TI Synthetic-aperture imaging from high-Doppler-resolution measurements SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID RADAR; TRANSFORM AB We develop the theory of radar imaging from data measured by a moving antenna emitting a single-frequency waveform. We show that, under a linearized (Born) scattering model, the signal at a given Doppler shift is due to a superposition of returns from stationary scatterers on a cone whose axis is the flight velocity vector. This cone reduces to a hyperbola when the scatterers are known to lie on a planar surface. In this case, reconstruction of the scatterer locations can be accomplished by a tomographic inversion in which the scattering density function is reconstructed from its integrals over hyperbolas. We give an approximate reconstruction formula and analyse the resolution of the resulting image. We provide a numerical shortcut and show results of numerical tests in a simple case. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/21/1/001 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 899JN UT WOS:000227140800001 ER PT J AU Habasaki, J Ngai, KL Hiwatari, Y AF Habasaki, J Ngai, KL Hiwatari, Y TI Time series analysis of ion dynamics in glassy ionic conductors obtained by a molecular dynamics simulation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METASILICATE GLASS; RELAXATION; LIQUIDS AB We present several characteristics of ionic motion in glassy ionic conductors brought out by time series analysis of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation data. Time series analysis of data obtained by MD simulation can provide crucial information to describe, understand and predict the dynamics in many systems. The data have been treated by the singular spectrum analysis (SSA), which is a method to extract information from noisy short time series and thus provide insight into the unknown or partially unknown dynamics of the underlying system that generated the time series. Phase-space plot reconstructed using the principal components of SSA exhibited complex but clear structures, suggesting the deterministic nature of the dynamics. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Kanazawa Univ, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. RP Habasaki, J (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Nagatsuta 4259, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. RI Habasaki, Junko/B-9283-2015 OI Habasaki, Junko/0000-0002-2887-2340 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 5 AR 054507 DI 10.1063/1.1824034 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 895RG UT WOS:000226880100037 PM 15740339 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Wallcraft, AJ Hurlburt, HE AF Kara, AB Wallcraft, AJ Hurlburt, HE TI How does solar attenuation depth affect the ocean mixed layer? Water turbidity and atmospheric forcing impacts on the simulation of seasonal mixed layer variability in the Turbid Black Sea SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GLOBAL OCEAN; VERTICAL COORDINATE; RIM CURRENT; SURFACE; HYCOM; SENSITIVITY; WORLD; PRESSURE; EQUATION AB A fine-resolution (similar or equal to3.2 km) Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) is used to investigate the impact of solar radiation attenuation with depth on the predictions of monthly mean sea surface height (SSH), mixed layer depth (MLD), buoyancy and heat fluxes, and near-sea surface circulation as well. The model uses spatially and temporally varying attenuation of photosynthetically available radiation (k(PAR)) climatologies as processed from the remotely sensed Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) to take water turbidity into account in the Black Sea. An examination of the k(PAR) climatology reveals a strong seasonal cycle in the water turbidity, with a basin-averaged annual climatological mean value of 0.19 m(-1) over the Black Sea. Climatologically forced HYCOM simulations demonstrate that shortwave radiation below the mixed layer can be quite different based on the water turbidity, thereby affecting prediction of upper-ocean quantities in the Black Sea. The clear water constant solar attenuation depth assumption results in relatively deeper MLD (e.g., approximate to+15 m in winter) in comparison to standard simulations due to the unrealistically large amount of shortwave radiation below the mixed layer, up to 100 W m(-2) during April to October. Such unrealistic sub-mixed layer heating causes weaker stratification at the base of the mixed layer. The buoyancy gain associated with high solar heating in summer effectively stabilizes the upper ocean producing shallow mixed layers and elevated SSH over the most of the Black Sea. In particular, the increased stability resulting from the water turbidity reduces vertical mixing in the upper ocean and causes changes in surface-layer currents, especially in the easternmost part of the Black Sea. Monthly mean SSH anomalies from the climatologically forced HYCOM simulations were evaluated against a monthly mean SSH anomaly climatology, which was constructed using satellite altimeter data from TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P), Geosat Follow-On (GFO), and the Earth Remote Sensing Satellite-2 (ERS-2) over 1993-2002. Model-data comparisons show that the basin-averaged root-mean-square (rms) difference is 4 cm between the satellite-based SSH climatology and that obtained from HYCOM simulations using spatial and temporal k(PAR) fields. In contrast, when all solar radiation is absorbed at the sea surface or clear water constant solar attenuation depth values of 16.7 m are used in the model simulations, the basin-averaged SSH rms difference with respect to the climatology is approximate to6 cm (approximate to50% more). This demonstrates positive impact from using monthly varying solar attenuation depths in simulating upper-ocean quantities in the Black Sea. The monthly mean k(PAR) and SSH anomaly climatologies presented in this paper can also be used for other Black Sea studies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7320, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM kara@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 39 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 3 BP 389 EP 409 DI 10.1175/JCLI-3159.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 901TU UT WOS:000227305600001 ER PT J AU King, D Davis, S AF King, D Davis, S TI The nurse manager's survival guide: Practical answers to everyday problems SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY NURSING LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Med Ctr, Nurse Corps, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Halifax Med Ctr, Emergency Dept, Daytona Beach, FL USA. RP King, D (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Nurse Corps, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-1767 J9 J EMERG NURS JI J. Emerg. Nurs. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 31 IS 1 BP 100 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.jen.2004.12.006 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine; Nursing SC Emergency Medicine; Nursing GA 023GO UT WOS:000236115000025 ER PT J AU Currie, M AF Currie, M TI Optical quantization of microwave signals via distributed phase modulation SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion; optical signal processing; photonic sampling ID TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER; CONVERSION; PERFORMANCE; LASER AB Optical phase modulators and a continuous-wave laser diode were used to quantize microwave signals with frequencies up to 25 GHz. A 2- and 3-b optical quantizer and photonic analog-to-digital converter are demonstrated. The quantizer system is primarily limited in the optical domain by the speed of the phase modulators. Converting the optical binary data into the electrical domain limits the data acquisition to the electronic readout circuitry. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Currie, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marc.currie@nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 827 EP 833 DI 10.1109/JLT.2004.838864 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 902YP UT WOS:000227392900038 ER PT J AU Moore, PG Jones, HN Lambrakos, SG AF Moore, PG Jones, HN Lambrakos, SG TI An inverse heat transfer model of thermal degradation within multifunctional tensioned cable structures SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE anisotropic properties; cable structures; heat transfer; inverse analysis AB A method for the analysis of heat transfer within a multifunctional tensioned cable structure, resulting from external heating by the impingement of a hot gas, is presented. This method, which is based on inverse analysis, uses a conveniently applicable parametric model representation. The problem of failure prediction due to the thermal degradation of the various components within complex cable structures can be difficult due to the lack of information concerning both the anisotropic thermal properties that are typical of these composite structures, and the heat transfer between components internally. The method of analysis presented here provides a means of overcoming these difficulties and conveniently analyzing the performance of multifunctional tensioned cable structural elements that are subject to external heating. Prototype simulations of heat transfer within a complex cable structure using the inverse parametric model representation are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moore, PG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6320, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lambrakos@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1 BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1361/10599490522275 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 902GV UT WOS:000227343700014 ER PT J AU Petrella, JR Townsend, BA Jha, AP Ziajko, LA Slavin, MJ Lustig, C Hart, SJ Doraiswamy, PM AF Petrella, JR Townsend, BA Jha, AP Ziajko, LA Slavin, MJ Lustig, C Hart, SJ Doraiswamy, PM TI Increasing memory load modulates regional brain activity in older adults as measured by fMRI SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; HUMAN PREFRONTAL CORTEX; MEDIAL TEMPORAL-LOBE; HUMAN WORKING-MEMORY; FUNCTIONAL MRI; RECOGNITION MEMORY; NETWORK ANALYSIS; VISUAL PATHWAYS; NEURAL ACTIVITY AB Several recent studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI) during recognition memory tests have suggested that the ability to neuromodulate as a function of cognitive demand may be impaired in older adults due to age-related cell loss and neural volume reduction in memory specific regions. In the current study, older adults (ages 59-77) were tested with fMRI during a delayed-recognition task in which memory load for faces was varied across trials. Activity was greater in amplitude for three-versus one-face stimuli within the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri, intraparietal sulcus, and fusiform gyrus. It was concluded that the ability to modulate activity with increasing load is preserved in older adults despite reductions in neural volume. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Brain Imaging & Anal Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Psychol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Psychol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Petrella, JR (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM Petrella@duke.edu RI Slavin, Melissa/F-7509-2010 OI Slavin, Melissa/0000-0001-8204-6480 FU NIA NIH HHS [1R01 AG-019728-01] NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0895-0172 J9 J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N JI J. Neuropsychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.17.1.75 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 902RP UT WOS:000227374500010 PM 15746486 ER PT J AU Kaufman, JW Hastings, S AF Kaufman, JW Hastings, S TI Respiratory demand during rigorous physical work in a chemical protective ensemble SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE breathing frequency; chemical biological warfare; chemical filter; minute ventilation; peak inspiratory flow rate; respirator ID INSPIRATORY RESISTANCE; EXERCISE; PERFORMANCE; DEVICES; FLOW AB Protection afforded by a respirator filter depends on many factors, among them chemical or biological agent and flow rate. Filtration mechanisms, such as chemical adsorption, depend on sufficient residence time for the filter media to extract noxious agents from the airstream. Consequently, filter efficiency depends on inspiratory air velocities, among other factors. Filter designs account for this by adjusting bed depth and cross-sectional area to anticipated flow rates. Many military and commercial filters are designed and tested at 3240 L/min. The present study investigated respiratory demand while U.S. Marines (n = 32) completed operationally relevant tasks in chemical protective ensembles, including M-40 masks and C2Al filters. Respiratory demand greatly exceeded current test conditions during the most arduous tasks: minute ventilation = 96.4 +/- 18.9 L/min (mean +/- SD) with a maximum of 131.7 L/min observed in one subject. Mean peak inspiratory flow rate (PIF) reached 238.7 +/- 34.0 L/min with maximum PIF often exceeding 300 L/min (maximum observed value = 356.3 L/min). The observed respiratory demand was consistent with data reported in previous laboratory studies of very heavy workloads. This study is among the few to report on respiratory demand while subjects perform operationally relevant tasking in chemical protective ensembles. The results indicate that military and industrial filters will probably encounter higher flow rates than previously anticipated during heavy exertion. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft,Unit 5, Air Syst Command,Human Performance Technol Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. ARINC Inc, California, MD USA. RP Kaufman, JW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft,Unit 5, Air Syst Command,Human Performance Technol Branch, Bldg 2187,Suite 2280,48110 Shaw Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM jonathan.kaufman@navy.mil NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 2 IS 2 BP 98 EP 110 DI 10.1080/15459620590909682 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 896RT UT WOS:000226951900005 PM 15764530 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA AF Hwang, PA TI Comparison of ocean surface wind stress computed with different parameterization functions of the drag coefficient SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE drag coefficient; wind stress; parameterization functions; wavelength; wave age; dimensionless frequency ID WAVE DEVELOPMENT; HEAT-FLUX; SEA-STATE; ROUGHNESS; DEPENDENCE; SPECTRUM; EQUILIBRIUM; GENERATION AB Depending on the choice of reference wind speed, the quantitative and qualitative properties of the drag coefficient may vary. On the ocean surface, surface waves are the physical roughness at the air-sea interface, and they play an important role in controlling the air-sea exchange processes. The degree of dynamic influence of surface waves scales with wavelength. Drag coefficient computed with the reference wind speed at an elevation proportional to the wavelength (for example, U-lambda/2) is fundamentally different from the drag coefficient computed with the wind speed at fixed 10 m elevation (U-10). A comparison has been carried out to quantify the difference in wind stress computation using several different parameterization functions of the drag coefficient. The result indicates that the wind stress computed from U-10 input using a drag coefficient referenced to U-lambda/2 is more accurate than that computed with drag coefficient functions referenced to U-10. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM paul.hwano@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 61 IS 1 BP 91 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s10872-005-0022-6 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 883IL UT WOS:000226004700007 ER PT J AU Yim, SCS Nakhata, T Bartel, WA Huang, ET AF Yim, SCS Nakhata, T Bartel, WA Huang, ET TI Coupled Nonlinear barge motions, Part I: Deterministic models development, identification and calibration SO JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE MECHANICS AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SHIPS AB This paper focuses on the development of optimal deterministic, nonlinearly coupled barge motion models, identification of their system parameters, and calibration of their prediction capability using experimental results. The ultimate objective is to develop accurate yet sufficiently low degree-of-freedom stochastic models suitable for efficient probabilistic stability and reliability analyses of US Naval barges,for preliminary design and operation guideline development (see Part H). First a three-degree-of-freedom (3DOF) fully coupled roll-heave-sway model, which features realistic and practical high-degree polynomial approximations of rigid body motion relations, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic force-moment specifically suitable for barges, is examined. The hydrostatic force-moment relationship includes effects of the barge's sharp edge and combined roll-heave states, and the hydrodynamic terms are in a "Morison" type quadratic form. System parameters of the 3DOF model are identified using physical model test results from several regular wave cases. The predictive capability of the model is then calibrated using results from a random wave test case. Recognizing the negligible sway influence on coupled roll and heave motions and overall barge stability, and in an attempt to reduce anticipated stochastic computational efforts in stability analysis, a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) roll-heave model is derived by uncoupling sway from the roll-heave governing equations of motion. Time domain simulations are conducted using the 3DOF roll-heave-sway and the 2DOF roll-heave models for regular and random wave cases to validate the model assumptions and to assess their (numerical) prediction capabilities. C1 Oregon State Univ, Ocean Engn Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USN, Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Yim, SCS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Ocean Engn Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0892-7219 J9 J OFFSHORE MECH ARCT JI J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2005 VL 127 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1115/1.1854700 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 919OY UT WOS:000228628600001 ER PT J AU Valdivia, N Williams, EG AF Valdivia, N Williams, EG TI Krylov subspace iterative methods for boundary element method based near-field acoustic holography SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUND SOURCE RECONSTRUCTION; ILL-POSED PROBLEMS; CONVERGENCE BEHAVIOR; CONJUGATE-GRADIENTS; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; LINEAR-EQUATIONS; LEAST-SQUARES; RITZ VALUES; REGULARIZATION; FORMULATION AB The reconstruction of the acoustic field for general surfaces is obtained from the solution of a matrix system that results from a boundary integral-equation discretized using boundary element methods. The solution to the resultant matrix system is obtained using iterative regularization methods that counteract the effect of noise on the measurements. These methods will not require the calculation of the singular value decomposition, which can be expensive when the matrix system is considerably large. Krylov subspace methods are iterative methods that have the phenomena known as "semi-convergence," i.e., the optimal regularization solution is obtained after a few iterations. If the iteration is not stopped, the method converges to a solution that generally is totally corrupted by errors on the measurements. For these methods the number of iterations play the role of the regularization parameter. We will focus our attention to the study of the regularizing properties from the Krylov subspace methods like conjugate gradients, least squares QR and the recently proposed Hybrid method. A discussion and comparison of the available stopping rules will be included. A vibrating plate is considered as an example to validate our results. (C) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Valdivia, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7130, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM valdivia@pa.nrl.navy.mil NR 49 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 117 IS 2 BP 711 EP 724 DI 10.1121/1.1841511 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 897EN UT WOS:000226986900024 PM 15759691 ER PT J AU Lindwall, D Brozena, J AF Lindwall, D Brozena, J TI Inversion of sonobuoy data from shallow-water sites with simulated annealing SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVE-FORM INVERSION AB An enhanced simulated annealing algorithm is used to invert sparsely sampled seismic data collected with sonobuoys to obtain seafloor geoacoustic properties at two littoral marine environments as well as for a synthetic data set. Inversion of field data from a 750-m water-depth site using a water-gun sound source found a good solution which included a pronounced subbottom reflector after 6483 iterations over seven variables. Field data from a 250-m water-depth site using an air-gun source required 35 421 iterations for a good inversion solution because 30 variables had to be solved for, including the shot-to-receiver offsets. The sonobuoy derived compressional wave velocity-depth(V-p-Z) models compare favorably with V-p-Z models derived from nearby, high-quality, multichannel seismic data. There are, however, substantial differences between seafloor reflection coefficients calculated from field models and seafloor reflection coefficients based on commonly used V-p regression curves (gradients). Reflection loss is higher at one field site and lower at the other than predicted from commonly used V-p gradients for terrigenous sediments. In addition, there are strong effects on reflection loss due to the subseafloor interfaces that are also not predicted by V-p gradients. (C) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lindwall, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM lindwall@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 117 IS 2 BP 809 EP 817 DI 10.1121/1.1850405 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 897EN UT WOS:000226986900034 PM 15759701 ER PT J AU Simecek, JW Diefenderfer, KE Ahlf, RL Ragain, JC AF Simecek, JW Diefenderfer, KE Ahlf, RL Ragain, JC TI Dental sealant longevity in a cohort of young US naval personnel SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE dental sealants; caries; caries risk; adults ID CARIES RISK ASSESSMENT; FISSURE SEALANTS; PERMANENT MOLARS; CORONAL CARIES; UNITED-STATES; ROOT CARIES; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; HEALTH AB Background. The U.S. Navy emphasizes caries prevention and encourages the placement of dental sealants on the caries-susceptible teeth of patients at risk of developing caries. The authors analyzed dental records to assess the longevity of dental sealants placed in naval personnel. Methods. A cluster sample of dental records from 1,123 personnel who entered naval service in 1997 was drawn from eight. Navy dental treatment facilities. The authors determined the number of sealants provided, the number of sealants that failed over the observation period (1997-2001), the dates of sealant failure and the longevity of sealants placed during and after recruit training. Results. A total of 319 personnel received sealants during their first two years of service. The authors evaluated 1,467 sealed teeth. They followed the sealants for an average of 35 months. They noted 179 sealant failures in 102 subjects; 69 previously sealed teeth required sealant replacement, and 110 sealed teeth required restoration of the occlusal surface. Among those sealants that failed, the mean length of time from placement to failure was 26 months. Sealant failure rates were significantly higher among subjects at moderate risk or high risk of developing caries than among subjects at low risk. Conclusions. After an average of 35 months, 87.8 percent of the sealants placed in this population were retained and functional. Subjects who were at moderate or high risk of developing caries demonstrated significantly higher sealant failure rates than those at low risk of developing caries. Clinical Implications. Dental sealants can be retained successfully in adults. They should be considered a viable treatment alternative for adult patients who are susceptible to caries; however, patients at elevated risk of developing caries may require more frequent re-evaluation and maintenance to achieve maximum benefit. C1 USN Hosp, Dent Corps, Dept Operat Dent, Fisher Branch Dent Clin, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. RP Diefenderfer, KE (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dent Corps, Dept Operat Dent, Fisher Branch Dent Clin, Bldg 237, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM kim.diefenderfer@nhgl.med.navy.mil NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 136 IS 2 BP 171 EP 178 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 898TA UT WOS:000227097900013 PM 15782520 ER PT J AU Shah, J Moller, KD Grebel, H Sternberg, O Tobias, JM AF Shah, J Moller, KD Grebel, H Sternberg, O Tobias, JM TI Three-dimensional metallo-dielectric photonic crystals with cubic symmetry as stacks of two-dimensional screens SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; MESHES AB Metallo-dielectric photonic crystals with cubic symmetries have been studied here both experimentally and theoretically in the millimeter wavelength region (15-60 mm). In a direct analogy to linear systems, we considered the three-dimensional lattices as a stack of two-dimensional resonating screens. The overall three-dimensional structure was introduced in the calculation through a structural phase. Such an approach proved useful in understanding the related mode propagation and guided us in a study of the transition between cubic and centered body cubic symmetries. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Elect Imaging Ctr, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. USN, Res Lab, NRC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP New Jersey Inst Technol, Elect Imaging Ctr, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM grebel@njit.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 22 IS 2 BP 370 EP 376 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.22.000370 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 891ND UT WOS:000226586900021 PM 15717569 ER PT J AU Gassman, SL Schroeder, AJ Ray, RP AF Gassman, SL Schroeder, AJ Ray, RP TI Field performance of high density polyethylene culvert pipe SO JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB The effect of installation procedures on the field performance of existing high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe used for drainage applications on highway projects was investigated. A total of 45 HDPE pipes were inspected at sites in South Carolina that were statistically selected based on geographical location, pipe diameter, use, and age. The condition of each pipe was not known prior to selection for inspection. Both the external and internal conditions of the pipe were evaluated with respect to AASHTO and ASTM specifications, measurements of pipe deflection with a mandrel set to 5% deflection, and visual inspections of the pipe interior using a video camera. The video camera inspections revealed circumferential cracks in 18% of the pipes, localized bulges in 20% of the pipes, and tears or punctures in 7% of the pipes. Deflections greater than 5% were observed in 20% of the pipes. Installation problems such as poor preparation of bedding soils, inappropriate backfill material, and inadequate backfill cover contributed to the excessive deflection and observed internal cracking in pipes with observed damage. Appropriate construction procedures are essential in achieving a proper installation. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USN, Facil Engn Command, So Div, N Charleston, SC 29419 USA. RP Gassman, SL (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-947X J9 J TRANSP ENG-ASCE JI J. Transp. Eng.-ASCE PD FEB PY 2005 VL 131 IS 2 BP 160 EP 167 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2005)131:2(160) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 889GF UT WOS:000226430800010 ER PT J AU Palmer, DR Sun, PF Celluzzi, C Bisbing, J Pang, SN Sun, W Marovich, MA Burgess, T AF Palmer, DR Sun, PF Celluzzi, C Bisbing, J Pang, SN Sun, W Marovich, MA Burgess, T TI Differential effects of dengue virus on infected and bystander dendritic cells SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; T-CELLS; INDUCED MATURATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; MEASLES-VIRUS; INTERFERON; ACTIVATION; IL-10; ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN-10 AB Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role as major targets of dengue virus (DV) infections and initiators of antiviral immune responses. Previous observations showed that DCs are activated by infection, presumably acquiring the capacity to promote cell-mediated immunity. However, separate evaluations of the maturation profiles of infected and uninfected bystander cells show that infection impairs the ability of DCs to upregulate cell surface expression of costimulatory, maturation, and major histocompatibility complex molecules, resulting in reduced T-cell stimulatory capacity. Infected DCs failed to respond to tumor necrosis factor alpha as an additional maturation stimulus and were apoptotic. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) was detected in supernatants from cultures of DV-infected DCs and cocultures of DCs and T cells. Taken together, these results constitute an immune evasion strategy used by DV that directly impairs antigen-presenting cell function by maturation blockade and induction of apoptosis. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Viral Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Blood & Cell Therapy Dev, Rockville, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. RP Burgess, T (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM BurgessT@NMRC.navy.mil NR 42 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 79 IS 4 BP 2432 EP 2439 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.4.2432-2439.2005 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 894DZ UT WOS:000226772100045 PM 15681444 ER PT J AU Postma, GN Cohen, JT Belafsky, PC Halum, SL Gupta, SK Bach, KK Koufman, JA AF Postma, GN Cohen, JT Belafsky, PC Halum, SL Gupta, SK Bach, KK Koufman, JA TI Transnasal esophagoscopy: Revisited (over 700 consecutive cases) SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Review AB Background High-resolution transnasal esophagoscopy (TNE) allows comprehensive, in-office examination of the esophagus without sedation. Objective. To compare the authors' present experience using TNE with our initial, previously reported experience. Methodology: Retrospective review of 611 consecutive patients undergoing TNE was compared with 100 consecutive patients previously reported. Results: The most frequent indications for TNE were screening examination of the esophagus in reflux, globus, or dysphagia patients (n = 490), biopsy of a lesion in the laryngopharynx, trachea, or esophagus (n = 42), screening examination of the esophagus in head and neck cancer patients (n = 45), and evaluation for an esophageal foreign body (n = 12). Seventeen procedures were aborted secondary to a tight nasal vault. Significant findings were found in 50% (2941592). The most frequent findings were esophagitis (n = 98), hiatal hernia (n = 47), and Barrett's esophagus (n = 27). These results are similar to those previously reported. Conclusions. TNE is safe, well tolerated by patients, and is easy to learn with a short learning curve. TNE may replace radiographic imaging of the esophagus in otolaryngology patients with reflux, globus, and dysphagia. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Ctr Voice & Swallowing Disorders, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Postma, GN (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol, Ctr Voice & Swallowing Disorders, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM gpostma@wfubmc.edu NR 10 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD FEB PY 2005 VL 115 IS 2 BP 321 EP 323 DI 10.1097/01/mlg.0000154741.25443.fe PG 3 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 895SO UT WOS:000226883800025 PM 15689759 ER PT J AU Ross, EV Domankevitz, Y AF Ross, EV Domankevitz, Y TI Laser treatment of leg veins: Physical mechanisms and theoretical considerations SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE laser; leg; telangiectasia; model; light; mechanism ID ND-YAG LASER; CUTANEOUS BLOOD-VESSELS; 1064 NM LASER; RETICULAR VEINS; WAVELENGTH APPROACH; VARICOSE-VEINS; PULSE-DURATION; DIODE-LASER; SCLEROTHERAPY; SURGERY AB Background and Objectives: A discussion of laser treatment of leg veins is based on a review of the literature, theoretical analysis, and the clinical experiences of the authors. Theoretical computations are discussed within the context of clinical observations. Study Design/Materials and Methods: A Monte Carlo model is used to examine volumetric heat production, fluence rate, and temperature profiles in blood vessels at 1,064 and 532 nm wavelengths with various beam diameters, vessel diameters, and pulse durations. Results: Clinical observations, Monte Carlo results, and a review of the literature suggest that longer wavelengths and longer pulses durations favor vessel contraction over intraluminal thrombosis. Monte Carlo simulations show that longer wavelengths are more likely to uniformly heat the vessel compared to highly absorbing wavelengths. Methemoglobin production causes deeply penetrating wavelengths to generate more volumetric heat for the same input radiant exposure. Conclusions: Clinical observations and models support the role of long wavelengths and long pulses in optimal clearance of most leg telangiectasias. C1 USN, Ctr Med San Diego, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Candela Corp, Wayland, MA 01778 USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med San Diego, Dept Dermatol, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM evross@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 42 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.1002/lsm.20141 PG 12 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 900QN UT WOS:000227229500008 PM 15704168 ER PT J AU Raman, RKS Bayles, R AF Raman, RKS Bayles, R TI Characterisation of decohesion/cracking of paint and coatings by electronic speckle pattern interferometry SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electronic speckle pattern interferometry; decohesion; coatings AB Paints and coatings are a popular mitigation measure for corrosion of various industrial components in service. Accurate early detection of decohesion of paints/coatings is invaluable for the proper maintenance of coated components. Recent advances in electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) provide the capability of sensitive and precise detection of out-of-plane displacements. This paper presents recent laboratory results investigating the application of ESPI as a non-contact and non-destructive technique for the detection of decohesion of artificially created thin films over a steel substrate. Based on the success of the ESPI in detecting the decohesion of artificial paints, the technique was successfully extended to typical paints and coatings used in naval applications. This paper also establishes the need to use an external excitation source of a specific frequency range for the characterisation of decohesion in a given paint-substrate system. C1 Monash Univ, Sch Phys & Mat Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Raman, RKS (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Phys & Mat Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. EM raman.singh@eng.monash.edu.au NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 232 EP 236 DI 10.1179/174328405X20941 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 924HK UT WOS:000228969500013 ER PT J AU Thompson, PE Jernigan, G Schulze, J Eisele, I Suligoj, T AF Thompson, PE Jernigan, G Schulze, J Eisele, I Suligoj, T TI Vertical SiGe-based silicon-on-nothing (SON) technology for sub-30 nm MOS devices SO MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International SiGe Technology and Device Meeting (ISTDM) CY MAY 16-19, 2004 CL Frankfurt, GERMANY DE silicon-on-nothing; vertical MOSFET AB A new device concept is introduced, the vertical silicon-on-nothing field-effect transistor. The "nothing" region is obtained by the selective removal of an epitaxial SiGe layer. Both the channel length and the gate width are determined by epitaxial deposition, and are not limited by lithography. Since there is "nothing" under the gate, the device should be suitable for operation in high-radiation environments. By estimating the gate overlap, we predict an ultimate FT of 100 GHz. Initial devices in bridge, trench, and cantilever configurations are shown. In the first device fabrication, the choice of SiO2 for the gate dielectric resulted in the formation of parasitic transistors that dominated the electrical performance. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ German Fed Armed Forces Munich, Inst Phys, Neubiberg, Germany. Univ Zagreb, Dept Elect Microelect Comp & Intelligent Syst, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. RP Thompson, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM philip.thompson@nrl.navy.mil RI Suligoj, Tomislav/O-8917-2014 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-8001 J9 MAT SCI SEMICON PROC JI Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process PD FEB-JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 1-3 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.mssp.2004.09.081 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 898DL UT WOS:000227056200011 ER PT J AU Jin, N Chung, SY Heyns, RM Berger, PR Yu, RH Thompson, PE Rommel, SL AF Jin, N Chung, SY Heyns, RM Berger, PR Yu, RH Thompson, PE Rommel, SL TI Phosphorus diffusion in Si-based resonant interband tunneling diodes and tri-state logic using vertically stacked diodes SO MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International SiGe Technology and Device Meeting (ISTDM) CY MAY 16-19, 2004 CL Frankfurt, GERMANY DE Si; resonant interband tunneling diodes; negative differential resistance; vertically integrated diodes; tri-state logic ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CURRENT DENSITIES; INTEGRATION; OPERATION; JUNCTIONS AB Various structures of Si-based resonant interband tunneling diodes (RITD) grown by low temperature molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) were studied. The results show that the peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) is degraded when placing SiGe layers directly adjacent to the P delta-plane. A very thin Si layer offsetting the P delta-plane and any surrounding SiGe layers is necessary. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Berger, PR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM pberger@ieee.org RI Rommel, Sean/F-9654-2013; Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Rommel, Sean/0000-0001-5996-0813; Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-8001 J9 MAT SCI SEMICON PROC JI Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process PD FEB-JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 1-3 BP 411 EP 416 DI 10.1016/j.mssp.2004.09.080 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 898DL UT WOS:000227056200073 ER PT J AU Boyd, TJ Montgomery, MT Steele, JK Pohlman, JW Reatherford, SR Spargo, BJ Smith, DC AF Boyd, TJ Montgomery, MT Steele, JK Pohlman, JW Reatherford, SR Spargo, BJ Smith, DC TI Dissolved oxygen saturation controls PAH biodegradation in freshwater estuary sediments SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CONTAMINATED SOIL; ORGANIC-MATTER; LAKE WATERS; IN-SITU; BACTERIAL; RIVER; MINERALIZATION AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common contaminants in terrestrial and aquatic environments and can represent a significant constituent of the carbon pool in coastal sediments. We report here the results of an 18-month seasonal study of PAH biodegradation and heterotrophic bacterial production and their controlling biogeochemical factors from 186 sediment samples taken in a tidally influenced freshwater estuary. For each sampling event, measurements were averaged from 25-45 stations covering similar to 250 km. There was a clear relationship between bacterial production and ambient temperature, but none between production and bottom water dissolved oxygen (DO) % saturation or PAH concentrations. In contrast with other studies, we found no effect of temperature on the biodegradation of naphthalene, phenanthrene, or fluoranthene. PAH mineralization correlated with bottom water DO saturation above 70% (r(2) > 0.99). These results suggest that the proportional utilization of PAH carbon to natural organic carbon is as much as three orders of magnitude higher during cooler months, when water temperatures are lower and DO % saturation is higher. infusion of cooler, well-oxygenated water to the water column overlying contaminated sediments during the summer months may stimulate PAH metabolism preferentially over non-PAH organic matter. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geo Ctrs Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Boyd, TJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6114,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tboyd@ccf.nrl.navy.mil RI Smith, David/A-8309-2013 OI Smith, David/0000-0003-0627-5788 NR 62 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2 BP 226 EP 235 DI 10.1007/s00248-004-0279-0 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 942VE UT WOS:000230310200005 PM 15965718 ER PT J AU Gunderson, EKE Garland, CF Miller, MR Gorham, ED AF Gunderson, EKE Garland, CF Miller, MR Gorham, ED TI Career history archival medical and personnel system SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES-NAVY; US-NAVY; EXPOSURE; MELANOMA; DISEASE AB The Career History Archival Medical and Personnel System is a database that provides information on cancer, chronic diseases, occupational and preventive medicine, epidemiological research, and the use of health care in the Navy and Marine Corps. It was created at the Naval Health Research Center for enlisted Navy personnel, and it is being expanded to encompass all military personnel. Its objective is to provide a comprehensive, chronologically ordered database of career and medical events in all active duty military service members and to track career and disease events in order from the date of entry to service to the date service ended. Events include the dates of beginning and ending of each specific military occupation, all assignments to a military units or ships, all hospitalized diseases, and other events. The database contains detailed epidemiological data on more than six million members of the military services. It is the largest known epidemiological database in the United States. C1 USN, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Gunderson, EKE (reprint author), USN, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 170 IS 2 BP 172 EP 175 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JH UT WOS:000235830900017 PM 15782842 ER PT J AU Booth, A AF Booth, A TI Writing war in the twentieth century. SO MODERN PHILOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Booth, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0026-8232 J9 MOD PHILOLOGY JI Mod. Philol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 102 IS 3 BP 441 EP 444 DI 10.1086/432704 PG 4 WC Language & Linguistics; Literature SC Linguistics; Literature GA 938LT UT WOS:000230005600014 ER PT J AU Blum, AS Kushmerick, JG Long, DP Patterson, CH Yang, JC Henderson, JC Yao, YX Tour, JM Shashidhar, R Ratna, BR AF Blum, AS Kushmerick, JG Long, DP Patterson, CH Yang, JC Henderson, JC Yao, YX Tour, JM Shashidhar, R Ratna, BR TI Molecularly inherent voltage-controlled conductance switching SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; SINGLE-MOLECULE; WIRES; DEVICES; MONOLAYERS; SYSTEMS AB Molecular electronics has been proposed as a pathway for high-density nanoelectronic devices. This pathway involves the development of a molecular memory device based on reversible switching of a molecule between two conducting states in response to a trigger, such as an applied voltage. Here we demonstrate that voltage-triggered switching is indeed a molecular phenomenon by carrying out studies on the same molecule using three different experimental configurations-scanning tunnelling microscopy, crossed-wire junction, and magnetic-bead junction. We also demonstrate that voltage-triggered switching is distinctly different from stochastic switching, essentially a transient (time-dependent) phenomenon that is independent of the applied voltage. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Blum, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM amyblum@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008; OI Tour, James/0000-0002-8479-9328 NR 26 TC 269 Z9 270 U1 8 U2 79 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 4 IS 2 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1038/nmat1309 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 893VU UT WOS:000226749400023 PM 15654344 ER PT J AU Kress, M AF Kress, M TI The effect of crowd density on the expected number of casualties in a suicide attack SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE suicide bomber; crowd blocking; fragmentation AB Utilizing elementary geometric and probability considerations, we estimate the effect of crowd blocking in suicide bombing events. It is shown that the effect is quite significant. Beyond a certain threshold, the expected number of casualties decreases with the number of people in the arena. The numerical results of our model are consistent with casualty data from suicide bombing events in Israel. Some operational insights are discussed. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals. Inc. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kress, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mkress@nps.edu NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 52 IS 1 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1002/nav.20049 PG 8 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 890KD UT WOS:000226509200005 ER PT J AU Bacher, G Schomig, H Scheibner, M Forchel, A Maksimov, AA Chernenko, AV Dorozhkin, PS Kulakovskii, VD Kennedy, T Reinecke, TL AF Bacher, G Schomig, H Scheibner, M Forchel, A Maksimov, AA Chernenko, AV Dorozhkin, PS Kulakovskii, VD Kennedy, T Reinecke, TL TI Spin-spin interaction in magnetic semiconductor quantum dots SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Quantum Dots (QD 2004) CY MAY 10-13, 2004 CL Max Bell Bldg Banff Ctr, Banff, CANADA HO Max Bell Bldg Banff Ctr DE magnetic semiconductor quantum dots; nanoscale magnetization; spin-spin interaction ID WELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; RELAXATION AB Self-assembled Cd(Mn)Se/Zn(Mn)Se quantum dots have been investigated by means of spatially and time-resolved magneto-optical spectroscopy. In such quasi zero-dimensional diluted magnetic semiconductors, the exchange interaction couples the spins of optically generated charge carriers with localized magnetic ion spins. We demonstrate that this can be used on the one hand to monitor nanoscale magnetization with a resolution of < 100 mu(B) by a purely optical technique and on the other hand to optically manipulate the magnetization in a semiconductor quantum dot. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Duisburg Essen, Werkstoffe Elektrotech, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. Univ Wurzburg, D-67074 Wurzburg, Germany. RAS, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bacher, G (reprint author), Univ Duisburg Essen, Werkstoffe Elektrotech, Bismarckstr 81, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. EM g.bacher@uni-duisburg.de RI Maksimov, Andrei/C-5828-2017; OI Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD FEB PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2004.08.019 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 900YA UT WOS:000227249000009 ER PT J AU Ware, ME Bracker, AS Stinaff, E Gammon, D Gershoni, D Korenev, VL AF Ware, ME Bracker, AS Stinaff, E Gammon, D Gershoni, D Korenev, VL TI Polarization spectroscopy of positive and negative trions in an InAs quantum dot SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Quantum Dots (QD 2004) CY MAY 10-13, 2004 CL Max Bell Bldg Banff Ctr, Banff, CANADA HO Max Bell Bldg Banff Ctr DE InAs self-assembled quantum dots; trion; polarization memory; photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy ID FINE-STRUCTURE AB Using polarization-sensitive photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, we study single InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots. The dots were embedded in an n-type, Schottky diode structure allowing for control of the charge state. We present here the exciton, singly charged exciton (positive and negative trions), and the twice negatively charged exciton. For non-resonant excitation below the wetting layer, we observed a large degree of polarization memory from the radiative recombination of both the positive and negative trions. In excitation spectra, through the p-shell, we have found several sharp resonances in the emission from the s-shell recombination of the dot in all charged states. Some of these excitation resonances exhibit strong coulomb shifts upon addition of charges into the quantum dot. One particular resonance of the negatively charged trion was found to exhibit a fine structure doublet under circular polarization. This observation is explained in terms of resonant absorption into the triplet states of the negative trion. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Ware, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ware@bloch.nrl.navy.mi RI Ware, Morgan/I-8233-2012; Korenev, Vladimir/C-1107-2014; OI Ware, Morgan/0000-0002-9998-4139; Gershoni, David/0000-0002-3039-9919 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD FEB PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 55 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2004.08.022 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 900YA UT WOS:000227249000012 ER PT J AU Meining, CJ Whiteside, VR Petrou, A McCombe, BD Dzyubenko, AB Tischler, JG Bracker, AS Gammon, D AF Meining, CJ Whiteside, VR Petrou, A McCombe, BD Dzyubenko, AB Tischler, JG Bracker, AS Gammon, D TI Optically detected resonance spectroscopy of interface fluctuation quantum dots SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Quantum Dots (QD 2004) CY MAY 10-13, 2004 CL Max Bell Bldg Banff Ctr, Banff, CANADA HO Max Bell Bldg Banff Ctr DE quantum dots; localization; charged excitons; internal transitions ID CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; GAAS; TRANSITIONS; MAGNETOEXCITONS; SEMICONDUCTORS; WELLS; MASS AB We have performed optically detected resonance (ODR) spectroscopy on modulation-doped GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells of different widths in which lateral fluctuations of the well width were purposely introduced by growth interruption at the interfaces. These monolayer fluctuations form quantum dots for which confinement and Coulomb correlation energies are comparable. By monitoring resonant changes of the dot ensemble photo luminescence induced by far-infrared (FIR) radiation in a magnetic field, we have observed cyclotron resonance (CR) of free electrons in the widest wells, as well as internal transitions of mobile and localized charged excitons. The latter, which are forbidden by magnetic translational invariance, have previously not been observed. For the narrower wells the effects of nonparabolicity and carrier localization on the CR and CR-like transitions have to be included for a proper interpretation of the measurements. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, CAPEM, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CSU Bakersfield, Dept Phys, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA. RP Meining, CJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM meining@physics.buffalo.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD FEB PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 158 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2004.08.044 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 900YA UT WOS:000227249000034 ER PT J AU Bacalis, NC Metropoulos, A Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Bacalis, NC Metropoulos, A Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Description of the lowest-energy surface of the CH+O system: Interpolation of ab initio configuration-interaction total energies by a tight-binding Hamiltonian SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CHEMI-IONIZATION; ATOMS; HCO; HYDROGEN; ABINITIO; OXYGEN; STATES; BORON AB It is demonstrated that the potential-energy surface and the lowest-energy path for a polyatomic molecule (applied to the CH+O system) is accurately calculated via bond-length-dependent tight-binding Hamiltonian, fitted to ab initio configuration-interaction (CI) total energies. This Hamiltonian not only reproduces the CI energies accurately and efficiently, but also effectively recognizes and identifies CI energy values that may erroneously converge to excited states. The resulting normal mode frequencies are in very good agreement with experiment. C1 Natl Hellen Res Fdn, Inst Theoret & Phys Chem, GR-11635 Athens, Greece. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Natl Hellen Res Fdn, Inst Theoret & Phys Chem, Vasileos Constantinou 48, GR-11635 Athens, Greece. EM nbacalis@eie.gr RI nhrf, tpci/M-8699-2013 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2005 VL 71 IS 2 AR 022707 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.022707 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 904GK UT WOS:000227483900066 ER PT J AU Zope, RR Baruah, T Pederson, MR Dunlap, BI AF Zope, RR Baruah, T Pederson, MR Dunlap, BI TI Theoretical infrared, Raman, and optical spectra of the B36N36 cage SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BORON-NITRIDE NANOTUBES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FULLERENE; APPROXIMATION; SIMULATIONS; STABILITY; CLUSTERS AB The B36N36 fullerenelike cage structure was proposed as a candidate structure for the single-shell boron-nitride cages observed in electron-beam irradiation experiment. We have performed all electron density-functional calculations, with large polarized Gaussian basis sets, on the B36N36 cage. We show that the cage is energetically and vibrationally stable. The infrared, Raman, and optical spectra are calculated. The predicted spectra, in combination with experimentally measured spectra, will be useful in conclusive assignment of the proposed B36N36 cage. The vertical and adiabatic ionization potentials as well as static dipole polarizability are also reported. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zope, RR (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2005 VL 71 IS 2 AR 025201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.025201 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 904GK UT WOS:000227483900124 ER PT J AU Bernstein, N Gotsis, HJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ AF Bernstein, N Gotsis, HJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ TI Tight-binding calculations of the band structure and total energies of the various polytypes of silicon carbide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; HEXAGONAL SIC POLYTYPES; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; NATIVE DEFECTS; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; WURTZITE-STRUCTURE; RAMAN-SCATTERING AB We present electronic structure and total energy calculations for SiC in a variety of polytype structures using the NRL nonorthogonal tight-binding method. We develop one set of parameters optimized for a combination of electronic and energetic properties using a sp basis, and one optimized for electronic properties using a spd basis. We compute the energies of polytypes with up to 62 atoms per unit cell, and find that the hexagonal wurtzite structure is highest in energy, the 4H structure is lowest in energy, and the cubic zinc-blende structure is in between, in agreement with our linear augmented plane-wave and other calculations. For the sp model we find that the electronic structure of the cubic and hexagonal structures are in good agreement with density-functional theory calculations only for the occupied bands. The spd parametrization optimized for the electronic structure of the zinc-blende and wurtzite structures at the equilibrium volume reproduces nearly perfectly both the valence and conduction bands. The sp tight-binding model also yields elastic constants, phonon frequencies, stacking fault energies, and vacancy formation energies for the cubic structure in good agreement with available experimental and theoretical calculations. Using molecular dynamics simulations we compute the finite-temperature thermal expansion coefficient and atomic mean-square displacements in good agreement with available first-principles calculations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 65 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2005 VL 71 IS 7 AR 075203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.075203 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 911OJ UT WOS:000228013600046 ER PT J AU Fernsler, RF Slinker, SP Joyce, G AF Fernsler, RF Slinker, SP Joyce, G TI Quasineutral plasma models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONEGATIVE PLASMAS; BOHM CRITERION; PROCESSING SYSTEM; MAGNETIC-FIELD; POSITIVE-ION; LOW-PRESSURE; DISCHARGE; SIMULATION; PROBES AB The quasineutral plasma model proposed by Langmuir more than 75 years ago is still widely used today and is based on two approximations: charge neutrality and the Boltzmann relationship for electrons. However, the Boltzmann relationship is unnecessary and is not always justified. Moreover, because the Boltzmann relationship is fluid based, it compromises kinetic treatments and gives rise to troublesome singularities in the Bohm condition. To overcome these limitations, more general quasineutral models are developed. Two of the models are fluid based while the third is fully kinetic. The kinetic model and one of the fluid models lead directly to the Bohm condition, but without the singularities seen earlier. Fluid simulations are presented to test and compare the various approaches. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Fernsler, RF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2005 VL 71 IS 2 AR 026401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.026401 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 914RV UT WOS:000228246200061 PM 15783423 ER PT J AU Gordon, DF Hubbard, RF Cooley, JH Hafizi, B Ting, A Sprangle, P AF Gordon, DF Hubbard, RF Cooley, JH Hafizi, B Ting, A Sprangle, P TI Quasimonoenergetic electrons from unphased injection into channel guided laser wakefield accelerators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID WAKE-FIELD ACCELERATION; PLASMA WAVE-GUIDE; PULSES; BEAMS; DRIVEN; REGIME; RAMAN AB A high-quality electron beam can be extracted from a channel guided laser wakefield accelerator without confining the injected particles to a small region of phase. By careful choice of the injection energy, a regime can be found where uniformly phased particles are quickly bunched by the accelerator itself and subsequently accelerated to high energy. The process is particularly effective in a plasma channel because of a favorable phase shift that occurs in the focusing fields. Furthermore, particle-in-cell simulations show that the self-fields of the injected bunches actually tend to reduce the energy spread on the final beam. The final beam characteristics can be calculated using a computationally inexpensive Hamiltonian formulation when beam-loading effects are minimal. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 37 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2005 VL 71 IS 2 AR 026404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.026404 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 914RV UT WOS:000228246200064 PM 15783426 ER PT J AU Moschella, JJ Klepper, CC Vidoli, C Yadlowsky, EJ Weber, BV Commisso, RJ Black, DC Moosman, B Stephanakis, SJ Hinshelwood, DD Maron, Y AF Moschella, JJ Klepper, CC Vidoli, C Yadlowsky, EJ Weber, BV Commisso, RJ Black, DC Moosman, B Stephanakis, SJ Hinshelwood, DD Maron, Y TI Characterization of the conduction phase of a plasma opening switch using a hydrogen plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS; OPERATION; PINCH; INTERFEROMETER; PENETRATION; FLASHBOARD; DYNAMICS; ELECTRON; DIODE AB Plasma opening switch (POS) experiments were conducted on the Hawk generator using an inverse pinch plasma source to inject a hydrogen plasma. Using a combination of interferometry, current measurements, and spectroscopic observations, it is shown that the conduction phase is characterized by the propagation of a current channel through the switch region that pushes a significant fraction of the plasma mass downstream, past the load edge of the switch. The data indicate that the current channel arrives at the load edge of the switch approximate to550 ns into the 950-ns-long conduction phase, in agreement with calculations based on JxB displacement. Previously published POS experiments, using multispecies plasmas, observed that a relatively small fraction of the injected plasma mass propagated downstream and that the conduction phase ended soon after the current channel reached the load edge of the switch. It is suggested that the observed differences between these two types of switches involves the separation of ionic species subject to a magnetic force, where the light-ion plasma is pushed ahead of the magnetic field front and the heavier-ion plasma is penetrated by the field. Species-separation effects may be important in a multispecies POS but would be negligible in this almost pure (>95%) proton-plasma experiment. While the important role of the plasma composition in pulsed magnetic field plasma interactions has been pointed out in previous experimental studies, this work demonstrates that the plasma composition can have a significant effect on the conduction time of a POS. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 HY Tech Res Corp, Radford, VA 24141 USA. USN, Res Lab, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Moschella, JJ (reprint author), HY Tech Res Corp, Radford, VA 24141 USA. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2005 VL 12 IS 2 AR 023102 DI 10.1063/1.1835981 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 895RQ UT WOS:000226881100027 ER PT J AU Sanford, TWL Nash, TJ Mock, RC Peterson, DL Watt, RG Chrien, RE Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Roderick, NF Sarkisov, GS Haines, MG AF Sanford, TWL Nash, TJ Mock, RC Peterson, DL Watt, RG Chrien, RE Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Roderick, NF Sarkisov, GS Haines, MG TI Evidence and mechanisms of axial-radiation asymmetry in dynamic hohlraums driven by wire-array Z pinches SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY POWER; 2-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; Z-ACCELERATOR; NUMBER; INSTABILITIES; ENHANCEMENT; DIAGNOSTICS; FUSION; LINERS AB Dynamic hohlraums driven by arrays consisting of large numbers of tungsten wires in Z pinches exhibit differences in radiation emitted from REHs (radiation exit holes) symmetrically located at either end of the hohlraum [Sanford , Phys. Plasmas 10, 1187 (2003)]. Significantly greater peak power is radiated from the top (anode) REH relative to the bottom (cathode) REH. Spectral measurements of tungsten M-shell emission (2-2.4 keV) indicate the peak radiated power from either REH anticorrelates with the fraction of wire-array tungsten plasma inferred to sweep across (or into the field of view of) the REH near the time of peak axial emission. In all cases, greater M-shell emission relative to the total emission in the band 1.4-4 keV is measured at the bottom REH in comparison to the top REH. The decrease in peak power radiated from the bottom REH relative to the top appears to be due, in part, to an increase in localized opacity arising from the presence of increased wire-array tungsten plasma near the bottom REH. The asymmetry in both peak axial power and pulse shape is largely removed by adding two thin annular pedestals extending 3 mm into the anode-cathode gap from either electrode, just radially outboard of the REHs. The pedestals are designed to prevent the radial flow of tungsten plasma from prematurely crossing the REHs. A polarity effect [Sarkisov , Phys. Rev. E 66, 046413(6) (2002)] during wire initiation may offer one possible explanation for the underlying cause of such a tungsten-related axial power asymmetry. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. RP Sanford, TWL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2005 VL 12 IS 2 AR 022701 DI 10.1063/1.1850479 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 895RQ UT WOS:000226881100025 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB Ralph, J Johnson, SJ AF Johnson, WB Ralph, J Johnson, SJ TI Managing multiple roles in embedded environments: The case of aircraft carrier psychology SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY; BOUNDARY VIOLATIONS; ETHICAL DILEMMAS; ISSUES; ASSOCIATION; PRINCIPLES; VIRTUES; TRENDS AB How can a psychologist deployed as an embedded member of a small team or military unit ethically manage pervasive and uncomfortable multiple-role relationships? Embedded practice often enhances the psychologist's understanding of unit members' needs and the willingness of members to seek services. Yet it also ensures multiple roles with every member of the community and diminishes the psychologist's ability to use existing ethical strategies for minimizing both the development and management of multiple relationships. We highlight the dilemmas common to practice in embedded military units by describing aircraft carrier practice. We conclude with several recommendations for minimizing the probability of harm to clients in these contexts. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Grad Sch Business & Educ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM johnsonb@usna.edu NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 36 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1037/0735-7028.36.1.73 PG 9 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 894JN UT WOS:000226787500011 ER PT J AU Merfeld, G Molaison, C Koeniger, R Acar, AE Mordhorst, S Suriano, J Irwin, P Warner, RS Gray, K Smith, M Kovaleski, K Garrett, G Finley, S Meredith, D Spicer, M Naguy, T AF Merfeld, G Molaison, C Koeniger, R Acar, AE Mordhorst, S Suriano, J Irwin, P Warner, RS Gray, K Smith, M Kovaleski, K Garrett, G Finley, S Meredith, D Spicer, M Naguy, T TI Acid/epoxy reaction catalyst screening for low temperature (120 degrees C) powder coatings SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Review DE powder coating; low temperature cure; epoxy; catalysis; thermal analysis; yellowing ID BLOCKED ISOCYANATES-III; PART AB This paper describes efforts to identify and screen suitable acid/epoxy reaction catalysts for low temperature curing (less than or equal to120degreesC) powder coatings including tertiary amines, ammonium compounds, and metal complexes. Thermal analysis techniques were developed to aid evaluation of catalyst efficacy and a statistical design of experiments was carried out to study several commercially available catalysts. In three different resin/crosslinker systems, the effect of catalyst type and loading were assessed and ranked in terms of kinetic responses including reaction rate, total heat-of-reaction, and extent-of-conversion. Isothermal kinetics modeling was also used to predict and compare reaction rates over a range of temperatures. Additionally, the susceptibility of each catalyzed system to thermal yellowing upon over-bake was evaluated. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 GE Global Res, Polymer & Specialty Chem Technol, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. Crosslink Powder Coatings Inc, Clearwater, FL USA. Honeywell Dept Energy, Kansas City, MO USA. NavAir, Patuxent River, MD USA. USAF, Ctr Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Koeniger, R (reprint author), GE Global Res, Polymer & Specialty Chem Technol, 1 Res Circle,Bldg K1 Room 4B33, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM koeniger@research.ge.com NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 52 IS 2 BP 98 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.progcoat.2004.09.004 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 891XP UT WOS:000226614600003 ER PT J AU Norris, AN Photiadis, DM AF Norris, AN Photiadis, DM TI Thermoelastic relaxation in elastic structures, with applications to thin plates SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF MECHANICS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID Q-MECHANICAL OSCILLATOR; INTERNAL-FRICTION; PROPAGATION AB A new result enables direct calculation of thermoelastic damping in vibrating elastic solids. The mechanism for energy loss is thermal diffusion caused by inhomogeneous deformation, flexure in thin plates. The general result is combined with the Kirchhoff assumption to obtain a new equation for the flexural vibration of thin plates incorporating thermoelastic loss as a damping term. The thermal relaxation loss is inhomogeneous and depends upon the local state of vibrating flexure, specifically, the principal curvatures at a given point on the plate. Thermal loss is zero at points where the principal curvatures are equal and opposite, that is, saddle shaped or pure anticlastic deformation. Conversely, loss is maximal at points where the curvatures are equal, that is, synclastic or spherical flexure. The influence of modal curvature on the thermoelastic damping is described through a. modal participation factor. The effect of transverse thermal diffusion on plane wave propagation is also examined. It is shown that transverse diffusion effects are always small provided the plate thickness is far greater than the thermal phonon mean free path, a requirement for the validity of the classical theory of heat transport. These results generalize Zener's theory of thermoelastic loss in beams and are useful in predicting mode widths in micro- and nano-electromechanics systems oscillators. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Norris, AN (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Norris, Andrew/B-1821-2008 OI Norris, Andrew/0000-0001-7577-3698 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0033-5614 J9 Q J MECH APPL MATH JI Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 58 BP 143 EP 163 DI 10.1093/gjmamj/hbi002 PN 1 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 929UQ UT WOS:000229372500008 ER PT J AU Blackwell, DD Walker, DN Amatucci, WE AF Blackwell, DD Walker, DN Amatucci, WE TI Measurement of absolute electron density with a plasma impedance probe SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID RADIO-FREQUENCY PROBE; OSCILLATION METHOD; RESONANCE AB A small spherical probe is used in conjunction with a network analyzer to determine the impedance of the probe-plasma system over a wide frequency range. Impedance curves are in good agreement with accepted circuit models with plasma-sheath and electron plasma frequency resonances easily identifiable. Clear transitions between capacitive and inductive modes as predicted by the model are identified. Sheath thickness and absolute electron density are determined from the location of these transitions. The absolute electron density indicated by the location of the impedance resonance is compared to measurements using the plasma oscillation method. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blackwell, DD (reprint author), SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. EM davidb@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 76 IS 2 AR 023503 DI 10.1063/1.1847608 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 893SB UT WOS:000226738400022 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Shlesinger, MF AF Kostoff, RN Shlesinger, MF TI CAB: Citation-assisted background SO SCIENTOMETRICS LA English DT Article ID JOURNALS; ACCURACY; QUOTATION; PROPOSAL; AUTHOR AB A chronically weak area in research papers, reports, and reviews is the complete identification of background documents that formed the building blocks for these papers. A method for systematically determining these seminal references is presented. Citation-Assisted Background (CAB) is based on the assumption that seminal documents tend to be highly cited. CAB is being applied presently to three applications studies, and the results so far are much superior to those used by the first author for background development in any other study. An example of the application of CAB to the field of Nonlinear Dynamics is outlined. While CAB is a highly systematic approach for identifying seminal references, it is not a substitute for the judgement of the researchers, and serves as a supplement. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0138-9130 J9 SCIENTOMETRICS JI Scientometrics PD FEB PY 2005 VL 62 IS 2 BP 199 EP 212 DI 10.1007/s11192-005-0014-8 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 898IF UT WOS:000227069800002 ER PT J AU Widder, E Frey, L Bowers, J AF Widder, E Frey, L Bowers, J TI Improved bioluminescence measurement instrument - A new high-intake defined excitation bathyphotometer developed for the US Navy SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. USN, Oceanograph Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 46 IS 2 BP 10 EP 15 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 901YC UT WOS:000227317200002 ER PT J AU Wanebo, JE AF Wanebo, JE TI Cerebral revascularization SO SKULL BASE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Wanebo, JE (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, 34730 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 201, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM jewaneboo@nmcsd.med.navy.mil OI Wanebo, John/0000-0003-1833-2938 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1531-5010 J9 SKULL BASE-INTERD AP JI Skull Base-Interdiscip. Appr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 5 EP 5 DI 10.1055/s-2005-868158 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 902WO UT WOS:000227387600001 PM 16148979 ER PT J AU Eom, J Johnson, MB Eom, CB AF Eom, J Johnson, MB Eom, CB TI Ferromagnet/superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-delta bilayer devices SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ferromagnetic film; superconducting film; magnetoelectronic device; fringe-field ID TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; FERROMAGNET; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB A magnetic fringe-field effect has been investigated for a simple bilayer device structure consisting of a Co0.9Fe0.1 film and an epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) film patterned as a microbridge. The resistance of the bridge is measured with a four-probe technique and is found to depend on the orientation of a magnetic field, which is externally applied in the device plane. A maximum (minimum) of the resistance occurs when the magnetic field is applied in parallel (perpendicular) to the bridge axis. The difference between the maximum and the minimum is very large for a small range of temperature below the critical temperature of the YBCO film. The observed features in the resistance are qualitatively explained by vortex motion in the YBCO bridge under the influence of the magnetic fringe-field of the Co0.9Fe0.1 film. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143747, South Korea. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Kunjadong 98, Seoul 143747, South Korea. EM eom@sejong.ac.kr RI Eom, Chang-Beom/I-5567-2014 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 EI 1879-2766 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 133 IS 5 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2004.11.021 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 891DX UT WOS:000226562600003 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Eddy, CR Bassim, ND Twigg, ME Edwards, A Henry, RL Holm, RH AF Mastro, MA Eddy, CR Bassim, ND Twigg, ME Edwards, A Henry, RL Holm, RH TI Theoretical study of the influence of strain and polarization on performance of AlGaN/4H-SiC HBT SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE heterojunction bipolar transistor; polarization; strain; nanostructure; GaN; SiC ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; HETEROJUNCTION DIODES; GAN; TRANSISTORS; SIMULATION; MOBILITY; NITRIDE; GROWTH; ALGAN AB The n(+)-AlGaN/p(+)-4H-SiC/n-4H-SiC HBT structure possesses large interfacial polarization charges as well as bulk and interfacial defects. Considerable leakage currents have thus far prevented significant development of this device. The piezoelectric polarization charge can be controlled by modifying the strain in the structure and can in fact negate the spontaneous charge for an Al0.3Ga0.7N layer on 4H-SiC. Although large-area AlGaN films are relaxed above a critical thickness, nano-heteroepitaxy theory predicts that AlGaN columns can be coherently grown on sub-micron oxide openings. The electrical characteristics were calculated for HBTs with strained and relaxed (Al)GaN emitter layers. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mastro, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mastro@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2 BP 251 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2004.08.015 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 878QU UT WOS:000225662400016 ER PT J AU Jackson, DL Browning, R AF Jackson, DL Browning, R TI Impact of national low back pain guidelines on clinical practice SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY MAY 02-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Gen Internal Med DE low back pain; practice guideline ID CARE; HISTORY AB Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the 1994 Agency for Health Research and Quality (AHRQ) clinical practice guidelines on the management of acute low back pain. Methods: From the National Ambulatory Medical Care Service database, the authors abstracted data on patients being seen in primary care settings, presenting with low back pain as their primary reason for visit, and aged between 20 and 55 years. Patients with an inflammatory or secondary diagnosis to explain their back pain were excluded. Using the sampling weights assigned by the National Ambulatory Medical Care Service, we assessed the medications prescribed, referrals for physiotherapy, and radiography usage for 3 years before (1991 to 1993) and after (1995 to 1997) release of the back pain guidelines. Results: During these 6 years, more than 10 million ambulatory office visits were available for analysis, 5.2 million visits between 1091 to 1993 and 5.0 million visits between 1995 to 1997. The most common diagnosis was lumbago, present in 21% of these visits. Acetaminophen use increased 20-fold from 0.1 to 2%, nonsteroidal use increased from 40 to 43%, muscle relaxant use decreased from 20 to 20%, radiography ordering increased slightly from 15.4 to 19.4%, and physical therapy referrals declined from 27 to 22%. There was no evidence of a trend toward increased compliance with the AHRQ guidelines over time. Conclusions: The AHRQ clinical practice guidelines for the management of acute low back pain had a modest impact on physician behavior, increasing the use of acetaminophen and nonsteroidals and decreasing the use of muscle relaxants and physical therapy referrals. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Jackson, DL (reprint author), EDP, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM jejackson@usuhs.mil NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 98 IS 2 BP 139 EP 143 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 897YF UT WOS:000227042100004 ER PT J AU Karle, I Karle, J AF Karle, I Karle, J TI Gas electron diffraction and its influence on the solution of the phase problem in crystal structure determination SO STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE gas electron diffraction; crystal structure determination; non-negativity ID SYMBOLIC ADDITION PROCEDURE; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; INTERATOMIC DISTANCES; CONFORMATION; VALINOMYCIN; COMPONENTS; FORM AB We studied, and performed research for our Ph.D. degrees in the area of gas electron diffraction. Our mentor was Lawrence Brockway. a pioneer in this subject. At that time, research in gas electron diffraction was in its early stages of development. In 1941, the distinguished Peter Debye wrote a theoretical paper concerning gas electron diffraction which challenged ones capability to develop the necessary experimental equipment and to further advance the theoretical developments so as to greatly extend the science of gas electron diffraction. We carried these thoughts in mind when we joined the Naval Research Laboratory, where the opportunity to design and produce excellent equipment was readily available. In the course of pursuing this research area, one of the findings was the existence of non-negativity as a condition for the results of a diffraction experiment for gaseous substances. When we became interested in the field of crystal structure determination, the familiarity with non-negativity which was needed in the study of gases, led to a search for the necessary and sufficient condition for a Fourier series to be non-negative. The search was successful and has played an important part in crystal structure determination. Some early applications to complicated structures are described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karle, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, CODE 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM williams@harker.nrl.navy.mil NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1040-0400 J9 STRUCT CHEM JI Struct. Chem. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 5 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s11224-005-1075-2 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 907UV UT WOS:000227744400002 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Moniz, L Nichols, JD Pecora, LM Cooch, E AF Nichols, JM Moniz, L Nichols, JD Pecora, LM Cooch, E TI Assessing spatial coupling in complex population dynamics using mutual prediction and continuity statistics SO THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chaos; mutual prediction; general synchrony; attractor reconstruction; continuity; nonlinear systems ID TIME-SERIES; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; MODELS; CHAOS; SYNCHRONY; SPACE; FLUCTUATIONS; PREDATION; DIMENSION; PATTERNS AB A number of important questions in ecology involve the possibility of interactions or "coupling" among potential components of ecological systems. The basic question of whether two components are coupled (exhibit dynamical interdependence) is relevant to investigations of movement of animals over space, population regulation, food webs and trophic interactions, and is also useful in the design of monitoring programs. For example, in spatially extended systems, coupling among populations in different locations implies the existence of redundant information in the system and the possibility of exploiting this redundancy in the development of spatial sampling designs. One approach to the identification of coupling involves study of the purported mechanisms linking system components. Another approach is based on time series of two potential components of the same system and, in previous ecological work. has relied on linear cross-correlation analysis. Here we present two different attractor-based approaches, continuity and mutual prediction, for determining the degree to which two population time series (e.g., at different spatial locations) are coupled. Both approaches are demonstrated on a one-dimensional predator-prey model system exhibiting complex dynamics. Of particular interest is the spatial asymmetry introduced into the model as linearly declining resource for the prey over the domain of the spatial coordinate. Results from these approaches are then compared to the more standard cross-correlation analysis. In contrast to cross-correlation, both continuity and mutual prediction are clearly able to discern the asymmetry in the flow of information through this system. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pele@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0040-5809 EI 1096-0325 J9 THEOR POPUL BIOL JI Theor. Popul. Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 67 IS 1 BP 9 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.tpb.2004.08.004 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 894BL UT WOS:000226764700002 PM 15649520 ER PT J AU Mohan, V Jones, RC Drake, AJ Daly, PL Shakir, KMM AF Mohan, V Jones, RC Drake, AJ Daly, PL Shakir, KMM TI Littoral cell angioma presenting as metastatic thyroid carcinoma to the spleen SO THYROID LA English DT Article ID BODY SCAN; MIMICKING; PATIENT; CANCER; LESION; TUMORS AB Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) commonly metastasizes to cervical lymph nodes. Distant metastases are unusual with the lungs most frequently involved. Well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma very rarely presents with metastases to the spleen. This is the case of a 25-year-old man with a history of PTC (1.4 cm primary; no capsular invasion and negative lymph node metastases). One year after initial surgery, recurrent disease was found in multiple neck nodes by central neck dissection. Whole body scan (WBS) following a therapeutic ablation dose of 150 mCi I-131 revealed mediastinal metastases. Computerized axial tomography (CT) of the chest one year later showed no gross mediastinal or pulmonary disease. However, multiple large splenic lesions were incidentally noted. Evaluation by ultrasound (US) showed lesions to be solid echogenic masses without remarkable Doppler characteristics to suggest vascular tumors. US-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of one lesion was nondiagnostic. After withdrawal from Levothyroxine, serum TSH was > 100 mU/L with a thyroglobulin of 9.4 ng/mL and negative anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. Diagnostic WBS revealed faint splenic uptake but was otherwise unremarkable. Following treatment with 192 mCi I-131, WBS demonstrated increased activity in the mediastinum as well as in the spleen suggesting mediastinal and splenic metastases. Contrast CT of the abdomen showed multiple low-attenuated heterogeneously enhancing splenic masses, normal liver and no intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy. The largest mass (4.5 X 3.5 cm) was exophytic and in close proximity to the splenic capsule. Despite the serum thyroglobulm of only 9.4 ng/mL, the finding of I-131 accumulation within solid splenic masses led to a preoperative diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma metastases. To establish the diagnosis and to remove the risk for splenic rupture, a laparoscopic splenectomy was performed. Histopathologic analysis showed large littoral cell angiomas (LCA). False-positive radioiodine scintigraphy in the setting of PTC involving a vertebral hemangioma has been reported. To our knowledge, this is the first case that describes multiple angiomas mimicking metastatic thyroid carcinoma to the spleen. In one-third of all cases reported, LCA co-exists with various visceral organ cancers or malignant lymphoma. This is the first report of an association between LCA and thyroid carcinoma. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Shakir, KMM (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM MKShakir@Bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 21 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1050-7256 J9 THYROID JI Thyroid PD FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1089/thy.2005.15.170 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 905CF UT WOS:000227544500015 PM 15753678 ER PT J AU Glaser, ER Shanabrook, BV Carlos, WE AF Glaser, ER Shanabrook, BV Carlos, WE TI Estimation of residual nitrogen concentration in semi-insulating 4H-SiC via low temperature photoluminescence SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOPING CONCENTRATION; GROWTH AB The conditions and limitations are presented for using low-temperature photoluminescence to estimate the total residual nitrogen concentration in semi-insulating (SI) 4H-SiC substrates where all N shallow donors are compensated in the dark. The ratio of the nitrogen-bound exciton line (Q(0)) to the free excitonic-related emission (I-77) was tracked as a function of excitation power density for a set of samples with varying residual N concentration (similar to6 X 10(14)-5.2 X 10(16) cm(-3)) as determined by secondary ion mass spectroscopy. A linear relationship was empirically found between the Q(0)/I-77 ratio and [N] for [N] < 1 X 10(16) cm(-3). However, a sub-linear behavior was observed for samples with higher N levels attributed to incomplete photo-neutralization of the N shallow donors. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Glaser, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM glaser@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 31 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 5 AR 052109 DI 10.1063/1.1857079 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 899LA UT WOS:000227144700031 ER PT J AU Kim, JC Kline, JS Tucker, JR AF Kim, JC Kline, JS Tucker, JR TI Fabrication of contact electrodes in Si for nanoelectronic devices using ion implantation SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ion implantation; contact electrode; UHVSTM nanolithography; SiC crystallite ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; SI(100) SURFACES; ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; SILICON; SI(001); EPITAXY; GROWTH AB We fabricated contact electrodes in Si for nanoelectronic device fabrication using 40 keV As ion implantation. Complete amorphization of the Si surface with contact electrodes using 400 eV Ar ion irradiation at room temperature followed by annealing at 700 degreesC produced Si surface with negligible SiC crystallites suitable for ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope nanolithography. We could locate the implanted and unimplanted regions on Si and fabricate Si dangling bond wires between two contact electrodes, which is the first step for the fabrication of nanoelectronic devices in Si using UHV STM nanolithography. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kim, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jkim14@staff.uiuc.edu NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JAN 31 PY 2005 VL 239 IS 3-4 BP 335 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.05.285 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 886IB UT WOS:000226219200013 ER PT J AU Vaux, KK Hudgins, L Bird, LM Roeder, E Curry, CJR Jones, M Jones, KL AF Vaux, KK Hudgins, L Bird, LM Roeder, E Curry, CJR Jones, M Jones, KL TI Neonatal phenotype in Kabuki syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd David W Smith Workshop on Malformations and Morphogenesis CY AUG 07-11, 2002 CL Greenville, SC DE Kabuki syndrome; neonatal features ID MAKE-UP-SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION; DEFECTS; GROWTH; EARS AB The Kabuki syndrome is a well-established pattern of human malformation with readily recognizable features, however the diagnosis is rarely made in the newborn period. The purpose of this study was to determine if there exists a neonatal phenotype for this disorder. We ascertained 16 infants evaluated in the first 28 days of life by a dysmorphologist who subsequently received the diagnosis of Kabuki syndrome. The average age of initial evaluation was 8 days and the average age of diagnosis was 2 years 6 months. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the distinctive clinical phenotype seen in older patients is also evident in the newborn period. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Dysmorphol & Teratol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Div Med Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. UCSF, Childrens Hosp Cent Calif, Div Med Genet, Madera, CA USA. RP Jones, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Dysmorphol & Teratol, 200 W Arbor, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM klyons@ucsd.edu NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD JAN 30 PY 2005 VL 132A IS 3 BP 244 EP 247 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.30336 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 885UC UT WOS:000226181500003 PM 15690369 ER PT J AU Vaux, KK Jones, KL Jones, MC Schelley, S Hudgins, L AF Vaux, KK Jones, KL Jones, MC Schelley, S Hudgins, L TI Developmental outcome in Kabuki syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd David W Smith Workshop on Malformations and Morphogenesis CY AUG 07-11, 2002 CL Greenville, SC DE Kabuki syndrome; developmental outcomes; mental retardation; syndromes ID NIIKAWA-KUROKI SYNDROME; MAKE-UP-SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION; EARS AB Over the last 20 years, a wide spectrum of congenital anomalies have been described in association with Kabuki syndrome (KS). However, very little information is available on developmental outcome. As more individuals with this syndrome are recognized and reported, it appears that as many as one-sixth may have normal intelligence. The purpose of this report is to describe the developmental outcome in 15 patients with KS, to determine whether a recognizable pattern of disabilities exist, and whether developmental outcome correlates with the presence of malformations. We ascertained 15 patients with KS from three dysmorphology and clinical genetics services in which developmental milestones and formal developmental testing were available. Based on these patients and a review of the literature, in the absence of major structural brain anomalies, the average intelligence quotient (IQ) in patients with this condition fall within the mild mental retardation range, however, specific developmental outcomes are widely variable, ranging from severe MR to normal intelligence. The presence or absence of hearing loss or major malformations, other than those involving the brain, was not predictive of developmental outcome. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Stanford Univ, Div Med Genet, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Dysmorphol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Dysmorphol, La Jolla, CA 92103 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. RP Hudgins, L (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Div Med Genet, Dept Pediat, 300 Pasteur Dr H315, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM Lhudgins@stanford.edu NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD JAN 30 PY 2005 VL 132A IS 3 BP 263 EP 264 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.30338 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 885UC UT WOS:000226181500007 PM 15523636 ER PT J AU Peng, MS Reynolds, CA AF Peng, MS Reynolds, CA TI Double trouble for typhoon forecasters SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CYCLONE-SCALE VORTICES; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; SYSTEMS; GROWTH; MOTION AB The sensitivity of tropical cyclone forecast to changes in the initial state is examined using powerful singular vector diagnostics from a global weather forecast model. These techniques reveal the complex impact of both the local and remote environment on the typhoons. We demonstrate how the analyzed position and forecast of one typhoon can have a significant impact on the forecast of a second typhoon, even at distances up to 1861 km. These results highlight the difficulty of tropical cyclone prediction, especially when remote forcing plays a significant role in tropical cyclone motion. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Peng, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM peng@nrlmry.navy.mil OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 AR L02810 DI 10.1029/2004GL021680 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 892XK UT WOS:000226683100006 ER PT J AU Woods, TN Eparvier, FG Bailey, SM Chamberlin, PC Lean, J Rottman, GJ Solomon, SC Tobiska, WK Woodraska, DL AF Woods, TN Eparvier, FG Bailey, SM Chamberlin, PC Lean, J Rottman, GJ Solomon, SC Tobiska, WK Woodraska, DL TI Solar EUV Experiment (SEE): Mission overview and first results SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOFT X-RAYS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY; REFERENCE SPECTRUM; FLUX MODEL; CHROMOSPHERIC STRUCTURES; ATMOSPHERE EXPLORER; SILICON PHOTODIODE; EMPIRICAL-MODELS; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET AB [ 1] The Solar EUV Experiment (SEE) is one of four scientific instruments on the NASA Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics ( TIMED) spacecraft, which has been simultaneously observing the Sun and Earth's upper atmosphere since January 2002. The SEE instrument measures the irradiance of the highly variable, solar extreme ultraviolet ( EUV) radiation, one of the major energy sources for the upper atmosphere. The primary SEE data product is the solar spectral irradiances from 0.1 to 194 nm in 1 nm intervals that are fundamental for the TIMED mission's investigation of the energetics in the tenuous, but highly variable, layers of the Earth's atmosphere above 60 km. The TIMED mission began normal operations on 22 January 2002, a time when the Sun displayed maximum levels of activity for solar cycle 23, and has provided daily measurements as solar activity has declined to moderate levels. Solar irradiance variability observed by SEE during the 2 years of the TIMED prime mission includes a variety of moderate and large flares over periods of seconds to hours and dozens of solar rotational cycles over a typical period of 27 days. The SEE flare measurements provide important, new results because of the simultaneous spectral coverage from 0.1 to 194 nm, albeit limited temporal coverage due to its 3% duty cycle. In addition, the SEE measurements reveal important, new results concerning phase shifts of 2 - 7 days in the intermediate-term variations between different UV wavelengths that appear to be related to their different center-to-limb variations. The new solar EUV irradiance time series from SEE are also important in filling the "EUV Hole,'' which is the gap in irradiance measurements in the EUV spectrum since the 1980s. The solar irradiances measured by SEE ( Version 7, released July 2004) are compared with other measurements and predictions from models of the solar EUV irradiance. While the measurement comparisons show reasonable agreement, there are significant differences between SEE and some of the models in the EUV range. The data processing algorithms and calibrations are also discussed. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Space Environm Technol, Palisades, CA 90272 USA. RP Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM tom.woods@lasp.colorado.edu RI Chamberlin, Phillip/C-9531-2012; Solomon, Stanley/J-4847-2012; OI Chamberlin, Phillip/0000-0003-4372-7405; Solomon, Stanley/0000-0002-5291-3034; Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 83 TC 252 Z9 252 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A1 AR A01312 DI 10.1029/2004JA010765 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 892YW UT WOS:000226686900006 ER PT J AU Cao, H Van Ornum, SG Deschamps, J Flippen-Anderson, J Laib, F Cook, JM AF Cao, H Van Ornum, SG Deschamps, J Flippen-Anderson, J Laib, F Cook, JM TI Synthesis of dicyclopenta[a,e]pentalenes via a molybdenum carbonyl mediated tandem allenic Pauson-Khand reaction and the X-ray crystal structure of a planar dicyclopenta[a,e]pentalene SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PI RESONANCE ENERGIES; CONJUGATED HYDROCARBONS; SYSTEMS; RINGS; DICYCLOPENTAPENTALENE; CYCLOPENTENONES; CYCLOADDITION; GENERATION; ROUTE; ENTRY AB Two 14 pi cross-linked annulenes which belong to the family of dicyclopenta[a,e]pentalenes have been synthesized, 14 pi bis enol triflate ester 27 and the 3,7-diisopropylsilyl substituted 14 pi dicyclopenta-[a,e]pentalene 30. The new allenic tandem Pauson-Khand reaction mediated by MO(CO)(6) was employed as the key process to construct the core of the tetracycles. The two linear dicyclopenta[a,e]pentalenes 27 and 30 underwent significant electronic delocalization, perhaps even aromaticity, as revealed by the X-ray structure of 27. The tetracyclic rings in 27 assumed a flat geometry (Figure 4); the bond lengths of the tetracycle in 27 also fit well into the criteria for aromatic compounds. A comparison of the NMR and UV spectra of both 27 and 30 demonstrated that they both exhibited similar electronic properties, therefore, the purple colored 14 pi cross linked annulene 30 is planar as well as delocalized. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Lab Struct Matter, Washington, DC USA. RP Cook, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM capncook@uwm.edu OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 51 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 26 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 3 BP 933 EP 943 DI 10.1021/ja040120x PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 889SO UT WOS:000226463000035 PM 15656632 ER PT J AU Radko, T AF Radko, T TI What determines the thickness of layers in a thermohaline staircase? SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-DIFFUSIVE CONVECTION; SALT FINGERS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; INTERFACE; AMPLITUDE; FLUID AB A simple theory is developed for the equilibrium height of steps in a thermohaline staircase. The model is based on a linear stability analysis for a series of salt-finger interfaces, which reveals a tendency for the staircase to evolve in time until the characteristic thickness of layers reaches a critical value (Ho). Relatively thin layers successively merge as a result of the parametric variation of the heat/salt flux ratio (gamma), but these mergers cease when the thickness of layers exceeds Ho. The equilibration of thick steps in our model is caused by the slight inhomogeneity of the convecting layers which has a stabilizing effect on the staircase. The instability theory is successfully tested against fully nonlinear numerical simulations and is qualitatively consistent with oceanic observations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Radko, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Eyer Rd,Room SP-344, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tradko@nps.edu NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JAN 25 PY 2005 VL 523 BP 79 EP 98 DI 10.1017/S0022112004002290 PG 20 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 898KI UT WOS:000227075300003 ER PT J AU Zhilyaev, AP Kim, BK Szpunar, JA Baro, MD Langdon, TG AF Zhilyaev, AP Kim, BK Szpunar, JA Baro, MD Langdon, TG TI The microstructural characteristics of ultratine-grained nickel SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE nickel; equal channel angular pressing (ECAP); high-pressure torsion (HPT); differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; BONDING ARB PROCESS; STRAIN RATE SUPERPLASTICITY; HIGH-PRESSURE TORSION; THERMAL-STABILITY; CALORIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; PURE ALUMINUM; MG ALLOY; AL-ALLOY AB A detailed investigation was conducted to evaluate the microstructural characteristics in samples of pure nickel processed using three different procedures of severe plastic deformation (SPD): equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), high-pressure torsion (HPT) and a combination of ECAP and HPT. Several different experimental techniques were employed to measure the grain size distributions, the textures, the distributions of the misorientation angles and the boundary surface energies in the as-processed materials. It is shown that a combination of ECAP and HPT leads both to a greater refinement in the microstructure and to a smaller fraction of boundaries having low angles of misorientation. The estimated boundary surface energies were higher than anticipated from data for coarse-grained materials and the difference is attributed to the non-equilibrium character of many of the interfaces after SPD processing. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B2, Canada. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Zhilyaev, AP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, 600 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM APZhilya@nps.edu RI Langdon, Terence/B-1487-2008; Baro, Maria Dolors/A-2096-2009; Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; OI Baro, Maria Dolors/0000-0002-8636-1063; Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 62 TC 150 Z9 155 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 25 PY 2005 VL 391 IS 1-2 BP 377 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.09.030 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 890UQ UT WOS:000226536800043 ER PT J AU Jernigan, GG Thompson, PE AF Jernigan, GG Thompson, PE TI The effect of Sb surfactant assisted growth on SiGe surface morphology SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE scanning tunneling microscopy; surfactant assisted growth; SiGe heteroepitaxy; Si (100); Ge segregation; surface morphology; molecular beam epitaxy ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MEDIATED EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; QUANTUM DOTS; GE FILMS; SI(100); SI(001); LAYERS; HETEROEPITAXY; DIFFRACTION AB A scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) investigation into the surface morphology of Si and Si0.8Ge0.2 films grown at 500 degreesC on Si (100) with and without 0.8 monolayers (ML) of an Sb surfactant is presented. The presence of Sb induces the formation of large three-dimensional islands in Si and Si0.8Ge0.2 leading to a rougher surface morphology than films grown without Sb. The roughness of the Sb/SiGe surface is greater than Sb/Si surface, which we propose is due to more favorable exchange energetics between Sb and Ge than between Sb and Si. Encapsulation of the SiGe surface by an Si top layer results in the burial of the SiGe islands leading to compositional abrupt but physically rough interfaces. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jernigan, GG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812 Solid State Devices,4555 Overlook Ave S, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM glenn.jemigan@nrl.navy.mil NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 24 PY 2005 VL 472 IS 1-2 BP 16 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.05.117 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 879WA UT WOS:000225748600004 ER PT J AU Tsurutani, BT Judge, DL Guarnieri, FL Gangopadhyay, P Jones, AR Nuttall, J Zambon, GA Didkovsky, L Mannucci, AJ Iijima, B Meier, RR Immel, TJ Woods, TN Prasad, S Floyd, L Huba, J Solomon, SC Straus, P Viereck, R AF Tsurutani, BT Judge, DL Guarnieri, FL Gangopadhyay, P Jones, AR Nuttall, J Zambon, GA Didkovsky, L Mannucci, AJ Iijima, B Meier, RR Immel, TJ Woods, TN Prasad, S Floyd, L Huba, J Solomon, SC Straus, P Viereck, R TI The October 28, 2003 extreme EUV solar flare and resultant extreme ionospheric effects: Comparison to other Halloween events and the Bastille Day event SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Some of the most intense solar flares measured in 0.1 to 0.8 nm x-rays in recent history occurred near the end of 2003. The Nov 4 event is the largest in the NOAA records (X28) and the Oct 28 flare was the fourth most intense (X17). The Oct 29 flare was class X7. These flares are compared and contrasted to the July 14, 2000 Bastille Day (X10) event using the SOHO SEM 26.0 to 34.0 nm EUV and TIMED SEE 0.1-194 nm data. High time resolution, similar to30s ground-base GPS data and the GUVI FUV dayglow data are used to examine the flare-ionosphere relationship. In the 26.0 to 34.0 nm wavelength range, the Oct 28 flare is found to have a peak intensity greater than twice that of the Nov 4 flare, indicating strong spectral variability from flare-to-flare. Solar absorption of the EUV portion of the Nov 4 limb event is a possible cause. The dayside ionosphere responds dramatically (similar to2.5 min 1/e rise time) to the x-ray and EUV input by an abrupt increase in total electron content (TEC). The Oct 28 TEC ionospheric peak enhancement at the subsolar point is similar to25 TECU (25 x 10(12) electrons/cm(2)) or 30% above background. In comparison, the Nov 4, Oct 29 and the Bastille Day events have similar to5-7 TECU peak enhancements above background. The Oct 28 TEC enhancement lasts similar to3 hrs, far longer than the flare duration. This latter ionospheric feature is consistent with increased electron production in the middle altitude ionosphere, where recombination rates are low. It is the EUV portion of the flare spectrum that is responsible for photoionization of this region. Further modeling will be necessary to fully understand the detailed physics and chemistry of flare-ionosphere coupling. C1 Univ So Calif, Ctr Space Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Space Phys Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ionospher & Atmospher Remote Sensing Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Creat Res Enterprises, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. Interferometr Inc, Washington, DC USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Univ So Calif, Ctr Space Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Pk Campus, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM bruce.tsurutani@jpl.nasa.gov RI Mannucci, Anthony/A-1349-2007; Solomon, Stanley/J-4847-2012; Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014; OI Mannucci, Anthony/0000-0003-2391-8490; Solomon, Stanley/0000-0002-5291-3034; Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115; Lakhina, Gurbax /0000-0002-8956-486X NR 10 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 3 AR L03S09 DI 10.1029/2004GL021475 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 891KA UT WOS:000226578600001 ER PT J AU Goswami, R Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT van 't Erve, OMJ Jonker, BT Spanos, G AF Goswami, R Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT van 't Erve, OMJ Jonker, BT Spanos, G TI Growth of ferromagnetic nanoparticles in Ge : Fe thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS AB The microstructure and magnetic properties of Ge:Fe thin films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy have been studied by transmission electron microscopy and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. Films were deposited on GaAs(001) at substrate temperatures (T-S) ranging from 70 to 400degreesC. Nanoparticles of ferromagnetic Fe3Ge2 form in a single-crystalline Ge matrix for T-S greater than or equal to 450degreesC. The evolution of magnetic order has been evaluated as the particle size increases from 2 nm at T-S = 150degreesC to 15 nm at 400degreesC. The ferromagnetic order of Ge:Fe nanocomposite thin films originates solely from ferromagnetic second-phase particles. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP Hanbicki, AT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Hanbicki@nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 17 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 3 AR 032509 DI 10.1063/1.1854743 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 895LO UT WOS:000226864600051 ER PT J AU Snow, ES Campbell, PM Ancona, MG Novak, JP AF Snow, ES Campbell, PM Ancona, MG Novak, JP TI High-mobility carbon-nanotube thin-film transistors on a polymeric substrate SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MACROELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS; NETWORKS; DIELECTRICS; SEPARATION; ROUTE AB We report the development of high-mobility carbon-nanotube thin-film transistors fabricated on a polymeric substrate. The active semiconducting channel in the devices is composed of a random two-dimensional network of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The devices exhibit a field-effect mobility of 150 cm(2)/Vs and a normalized transconductance of 0.5 mS/mm. The ratio of on-current (I-on) to off-current (I-off) is similar to100 and is limited by metallic SWNTs in the network. With electronic purification of the SWNTs and improved gate capacitance we project that the transconductance can be increased to similar to10-100 mS/mm with a significantly higher value of I-on/I-off, thus approaching crystalline semiconductor-like performance on polymeric substrates. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Appl Nanotech Inc, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RP Snow, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 164 Z9 164 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 17 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 3 AR 033105 DI 10.1063/1.1854721 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 895LO UT WOS:000226864600070 ER PT J AU Kucik, CJ Clenney, T AF Kucik, CJ Clenney, T TI Management of epistaxis SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID POSTERIOR EPISTAXIS; COMPLICATIONS; PACKING AB Family physicians frequently encounter patients with epistaxis (nasal bleeding). In rare cases this condition may lead to massive bleeding and even death. Although epistaxis can have an anterior or posterior source, it most often originates in the anterior nasal cavity. A directed history and physical examination generally determine the cause of the bleeding. Both local and systemic processes can play a role in epistaxis. Nasal bleeding usually responds to first-aid measures such as compression. When epistaxis does not respond to simple measures, the source of the bleeding should be located and treated appropriately. Treatments to be considered include topical vasoconstriction, chemical cautery, electrocautery, nasal packing (nasal tampon or gauze impregnated with petroleum jelly), posterior gauze packing, use of a balloon system (including a modified Foley catheter), and arterial ligation or embolization. Topical or systemic antibiotics should be used in selected patients. Hospital admission should be considered for patients with significant comorbid conditions or complications of blood loss. Referral to an otolaryngologist is appropriate when bleeding is refractory, complications are present, or specialized treatment (balloon placement, arterial ligation, angiographic arterial embolization) is required. (Am Fam Physician 2005;71:305-11, 312. Copyright (C) 2005 American Academy of Family Physicians). C1 USN, Orange Pk, FL 32003 USA. USN Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Clenney, T (reprint author), USN, 1705 Broad Water Ct, Orange Pk, FL 32003 USA. EM tclenney@msn.com NR 21 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 71 IS 2 BP 305 EP 311 PG 7 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 889EA UT WOS:000226425100009 PM 15686301 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Goldman, ER Lassman, ME Hayhurst, A Kusterbeck, AW Deschamps, JR AF Medintz, IL Goldman, ER Lassman, ME Hayhurst, A Kusterbeck, AW Deschamps, JR TI Self-assembled TNT biosensor based on modular multifunctional surface-tethered components SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENT NANOSENSORS; IN-VIVO; PROTEINS; DESIGN; CELLS; TECHNOLOGIES; EXPLOSIVES; ANTIBODIES AB We demonstrate a self-assembled reagentless biosensor based on a modular design strategy that functions in the detection of TNT and related explosive compounds. The sensor consists of a dye-labeled anti-TNT antibody fragment that interacts with a cofunctional surface-tethered DNA arm. The arm consists of a flexible biotinylated DNA oligonucleotide base specifically modified with a dye and terminating in a TNB recognition element, which is an analogue of TNT. Both of these elements are tethered to a Neutravidin surface with the TNB recognition element bound in the antibody fragment binding site, bringing the two dyes into proximity and establishing a baseline level of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Addition of TNT, or related explosive compounds, to the sensor environment alters FRET in a concentration-dependent manner. The sensor can be regenerated repeatedly through washing away of analyte and specific reformation of the sensor assembly, allowing for subsequent detection events. Sensor dynamic range can be usefully altered through the addition of a DNA oligonucleotide that hybridizes to a portion of the cofunctional arm. The modular design of the sensor demonstrates that it can be easily adapted to detect a variety of different analytes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Virol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lmedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil OI Hayhurst, Andrew/0000-0003-4612-8707; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 35 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 2 BP 365 EP 372 DI 10.1021/ac048485n PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 887PP UT WOS:000226318300001 PM 15649029 ER PT J AU Chen, XB Morrison, JL Huso, J Bergman, L Purdy, AP AF Chen, XB Morrison, JL Huso, J Bergman, L Purdy, AP TI Ultraviolet Raman scattering of GaN nanocrystallites: Intrinsic versus collective phenomena SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SI-DOPED GAN; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; GALLIUM NITRIDE; WURTZITE-STRUCTURE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTALS; RECOMBINATION; ENSEMBLES AB Resonant Raman scattering in wurtzite structured GaN nanocrystallites of various morphologies were studied. The polar mode A(1)(LO) exhibited Frohlich-type resonant Raman scattering whose characteristics were found to depend weakly on the morphology of the crystallites. In contrast, the UV-laser heating and heat retention in the porous media of a crystallite ensemble were discovered to drastically modify the Raman properties: A Raman thermal redshift was observed that might mask any redshift due to the confinement effect. The thermal redshift was found to depend on the laser power and on the ensemble size. An ensemble temperature on the order of 550 K was inferred from the electron-phonon interaction model, a result that was verified via Raman scattering experiments at the elevated temperature regime. For a small ensemble that contains similar to10-20 crystallites and with nominal laser-heating effect, the Raman line shape was found to have mainly a Lorentzian component indicative of phonon-lifetime broadening mechanism. The line shape had no pronounced Gaussian component and had similar characteristics to the line shape of GaN film, implying that a collective of a few crystallites still reflects the Raman properties of an individual crystallite. Complementary photoluminescence investigations concur with the Raman findings. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, XB (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Eng Phys Bldg,Room 313, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM Lbergman@uidaho.edu RI Chen, Xiang-Bai/B-7052-2012 NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 AR 024302 DI 10.1063/1.1834725 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 893DW UT WOS:000226700500074 ER PT J AU Liu, X Vignola, JF Simpson, HJ Lemon, BR Houston, BH Photiadis, DM AF Liu, X Vignola, JF Simpson, HJ Lemon, BR Houston, BH Photiadis, DM TI A loss mechanism study of a very high Q silicon micromechanical oscillator SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMOELASTIC LOSS; QUALITY FACTORS; CANTILEVERS; DISSIPATION; STRESS AB The room-temperature quality factors of silicon micromechanical oscillators have been investigated by scanning laser vibrometry. One of the flexural modes has very little attachment loss to its environment, which enables us to study internal loss mechanisms. After several consecutive annealing steps up to 800 degreesC, the quality factor Q has increased from 8x10(4) to 6.0x10(5). However, the Q decays to 1.4x10(5) over six months in air. We conclude that near-surface lattice defects caused by reactive-ion etching and surface adsorbates are the main source of internal loss while surface adsorbates are responsible for the time dependence. We also discuss the thermoelastic limit in terms of Zener's theory and flexural modal components of thin plates with vibratory volume change, and compare it with our results. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM xiao.liu@nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 AR 023524 DI 10.1063/1.1819980 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 893DW UT WOS:000226700500038 ER PT J AU Chang, CP Wang, Z McBride, J Liu, CH AF Chang, CP Wang, Z McBride, J Liu, CH TI Annual cycle of Southeast Asia - Maritime continent rainfall and the asymmetric monsoon transition SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SUMMER MONSOON; OLR DATA; PACIFIC; REGIONS; PREDICTABILITY; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; PREDICTION; INDONESIA; SEASON AB In general. the Bay of Bengal, Indochina Peninsula, and Philippines are in the Asian summer monsoon regime while the Maritime Continent experiences a wet monsoon during boreal winter and a dry season during boreal summer. However. the complex distribution of land, sea, and terrain results in significant local variations of the annual cycle. This work uses historical station rainfall data to classify the annual cycles of rainfall over land areas, the TRMM rainfall measurements to identify the monsoon regimes of the four seasons in all of Southeast Asia, and the QuikSCAT winds to study the causes of the variations. The annual cycle is dominated largely by interactions between the complex terrain and a simple annual reversal of the surface monsoonal winds throughout all monsoon regions from the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea and the equatorial western Pacific. The semiannual cycle is comparable in magnitude to the annual cycle over parts of the equatorial landmasses, but only a very small region reflects the twice-yearly crossing of the sun. Most of the semiannual cycle appears to be due to the influence of both the summer and the winter monsoon in the western part of the Maritime Continent where the annual cycle maximum occurs in fall. Analysis of the TRMM data reveals a structure whereby the boreal summer and winter monsoon rainfall regimes intertwine across the equator and both are strongly affected by the wind-terrain interaction. In particular. the boreal winter regime extends far northward along the eastern flanks of the major island groups and landmasses. A hypothesis is presented to explain the asymmetric seasonal march in which the maximum convection follows a gradual southeastward progression path from the Asian summer monsoon to the Asian winter monsoon but experiences a sudden transition in the reverse. The hypothesis is based on the redistribution of mass between land and ocean areas during spring and fall that results from different land-ocean thermal memories. This mass redistribution between the two transition seasons produces sea level patterns leading to asymmetric wind-terrain interactions throughout the region, and a low-level divergence asymmetry in the region that promotes the southward march of maximum convection during boreal fall but opposes the northward march during boreal spring. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Chinese Culture Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Chang, CP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR-Cp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cpchang@nps.edu NR 45 TC 98 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 2 BP 287 EP 301 DI 10.1175/JCLI-3257.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 899JY UT WOS:000227141900003 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Kryliouk, OM Anderson, TJ Davydov, A Shapiro, A AF Mastro, MA Kryliouk, OM Anderson, TJ Davydov, A Shapiro, A TI Influence of polarity on GaN thermal stability SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE decomposition; polarity; thermal stability; gallium nitride ID DECOMPOSITION; MECHANISM; SURFACES; DIODES AB A comparative study of the stability of Ga- and N-polar GaN films was made in different gas ambients (N-2, H-2, NH3, HCl). The Ga-polar films were observed to undergo a dissociative sublimation, while the N-polar films formed condensed Ga in addition to the gaseous species. The difference in polarity affects the morphology and bonding on the surface, and thus, stability of the atoms bonded to the surface. (C) NO4 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mastro, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mastro@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 274 IS 1-2 BP 38 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.09.091 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 887YH UT WOS:000226340900006 ER PT J AU Hodge, IM Ngai, KL Moynihan, CT AF Hodge, IM Ngai, KL Moynihan, CT TI Comments on the electric modulus function SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-SPIN RELAXATION; IONICALLY CONDUCTING MATERIALS; TIME RANDOM-WALK; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SUPERIONIC GLASSES; AC CONDUCTIVITY; SCALING PROPERTIES; SUPERCOOLED WATER; RANDOM-SYSTEMS; MOBILE IONS AB Arguments in favor of the electric modulus formalism are reviewed, and several misunderstandings and misrepresentations are corrected. It is argued that different representations of the same experimental data provide additional, rather then subtractive, insights into the difficult problem of understanding ionic conductivity in melts, glasses and crystals. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. USN, Res Labs, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, 84 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM imhodge@yahoo.com NR 66 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 351 IS 2 BP 104 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.07.089 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 887IV UT WOS:000226300100002 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Gettrust, JF AF Pandey, RB Gettrust, JF TI Structural response in steady-state flow of a multi-component driven system: interacting lattice gas simulation SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE self-organized-patterns; multi-component; driven system; interacting lattice gas ID PHASE-SEPARATION; BINARY-MIXTURES; PARTICLES AB The effects of molecular weights (M-A, M-B) on the self-organized segregation of immiscible constituents (A, B) driven by pressure bias (H = 0.0-1.0) generated by geologic processes are examined by an interacting lattice gas Monte Carlo simulation. Constituents (A, B), released from a source at the bottom according to their lattice concentrations, can escape the lattice from top or bottom. The longitudinal steady-state density profiles (A, B) depend on their molecular weight and bias with linear, exponential, and non-monotonic decays with the height. The transverse density profiles show signatures of partial layering. The total number (N) of constituents remains nearly constant in steady state and seems to decay with the bias, N proportional to H-0.14 for all but extreme range of H. At M-A = 0.1, M(B)greater than or equal to0.8, number of constituents (N-A,N-B) show non-monotonic dependence on H with N(B)much greater thanN(A) but a maximum in N-A and minimum in N-B. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM ras.pandey@usm.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 345 IS 3-4 BP 555 EP 564 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2004.07.044 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 877NU UT WOS:000225578100018 ER PT J AU Tsiper, EV AF Tsiper, EV TI Polarization forces in water deduced from single molecule data SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTION ENERGIES; MULTICENTER MULTIPOLE EXPANSIONS; PARTITIONED ELECTRIC PROPERTIES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; LIQUID WATER; FLUCTUATING CHARGE; SPECTROSCOPIC DETERMINATION; DIPOLE-MOMENT; MODEL; FIELDS AB The intermolecular electrostatic and polarization interactions in water are determined using a minimal atomic multipole model constructed with distributed polarizabilities. Hydrogen bonding and other properties of water-water interactions are reproduced by only three multipoles mu(H), mu(O), and theta(O) and two polarizabilities alpha(O) and alpha(H), which characterize a single water molecule and are deduced from single-molecule data. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tsiper, EV (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM etsiper@gmu.edu NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 1 AR 013204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.013204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 887LQ UT WOS:000226308000031 PM 15698080 ER PT J AU White, CT Mintmire, JW AF White, CT Mintmire, JW TI Fundamental properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; NANOSCALE GRAPHITIC TUBULES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MATERIALS SCIENCE; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; TRANSISTORS; ENERGETICS; POLYACETYLENE; SINGULARITIES; MICROTUBULES AB Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) represent an excellent example of materials by design with many of their outstanding properties predicted by theory prior to their synthesis. Both experimental and theoretical work on these novel nanowires continue to increase at a breathtaking pace. Herein we describe some of their fundamental properties on which much of this work is built. After discussing their structure and symmetries, we emphasize their exceptional electronic properties. The standard one-parameter graphene sheet model of SWCNTs, introduced in the earliest published paper on extended SWCNTs, is discussed in terms of both its successes and limitations. The strong interplay between theory and experiment that this area has enjoyed is also discussed. In addition, several opportunities for further study are touched upon. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP White, CT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM carter.white@nrl.navy.mil OI Mintmire, John/0000-0002-6551-0349 NR 73 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 13 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 1 BP 52 EP 65 DI 10.1021/jp047416 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 886FV UT WOS:000226213200014 PM 16850984 ER PT J AU Sadananda, K Glinka, G AF Sadananda, K Glinka, G TI Dislocation processes that affect kinetics of fatigue crack growth SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Defects and Deformation of Crystalline Solids CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, Oak Ridge Natl Lab ID CLOSURE; MODEL; PLASTICITY; BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE AB Fatigue damage involves an irreversible plastic flow, and requires two load parameters for its unique description. We have examined the dislocation processes at the crack tip due to cyclic loads and showed that the two-parameter requirement naturally, follows front the analysis. Hence. there are two fatigue thresholds, K-max,K-th and DeltaK(th), instead of just DeltaK(th), as is normally assumed. Examination of dislocation behaviour reveals that the K-max threshold can be related to the stress necessary to nucleate additional slip needed for crack growth. Similarly, DeltaK(th), can be related to the stress to overcome reversible slip. The value of K-max,K-th is always greater than or equal to DeltaK(th). The two-parameter requirement can be related to the presence of monotonic and cyclic plastic zones characteristic of a fatigue crack. The size of monotonic plastic zone is always larger than that of the cyclic plastic zone. The former moves the crack tip forward while the latter re-sharpens it. The analysis also shows that the effect of crack wake plasticity oil the crack tip driving force is limited and becomes increasingly negligible with increasing crack lenght. Dislocation concepts and continuum concepts are brought together to analyse the two-parameter requirement of fatigue crack growth. C1 USN, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Mech Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), USN, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Code 6323, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sada@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JAN 11 PY 2005 VL 85 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 189 EP 203 DI 10.1080/1478643041233131653 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 892ZY UT WOS:000226689700006 ER PT J AU Bassim, ND Twigg, ME Eddy, CR Culbertson, JC Mastro, MA Henry, RL Holm, RT Neudeck, PG Trunek, AJ Powell, JA AF Bassim, ND Twigg, ME Eddy, CR Culbertson, JC Mastro, MA Henry, RL Holm, RT Neudeck, PG Trunek, AJ Powell, JA TI Lowered dislocation densities in uniform GaN layers grown on step-free (0001)4H-SiC mesa surfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; FILMS; NUCLEATION; TEMPERATURE; COALESCENCE; RESISTIVITY; DEFECTS AB We report that very low threading dislocation densities (8x10(7)/cm(2)) were achieved in uniform GaN layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on (0001) 4H-SiC mesa surfaces 50 mumx50 mum in area that were completely free of steps. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that all observable GaN film threading dislocations were of edge type. TEM analysis of the defect structure of the nucleation layer (aluminum nitride, AlN) revealed a lack of c-component dislocations, and the clean annihilation of lateral, a-type dislocations within the first 200 nm of growth, with no lateral dislocations developing threading arms. These results indicate that the elimination of steps on the initial (0001) 4H-SiC growth surface may play an important role in the removal of mixed and c-type dislocations in subsequently grown AlN and GaN heteroepitaxial layers. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. OAI, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Sest Inc, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Bassim, ND (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nbass@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 2 AR 021902 DI 10.1063/1.1849834 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 893EG UT WOS:000226701500020 ER PT J AU Boboltz, DA Wittkowski, M AF Boboltz, DA Wittkowski, M TI Joint VLBA/VLTI observations of the Mira variable S Orionis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE masers; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : atmospheres; stars : late-type; stars : mass loss; techniques : interferometric ID LIMB-DARKENING MEASUREMENTS; SIO MASER EMISSION; LATE-TYPE STARS; INTERFEROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS; DUST SHELLS; OPTICAL INTERFEROMETRY; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; VLBA OBSERVATIONS; ANGULAR DIAMETER; R-AQUARII AB We present the first coordinated Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) / Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) measurements of the stellar diameter and circumstellar atmosphere of a Mira variable star. Observations of the v = 1, J = 1-0 (43.1 GHz) and v = 2, J = 1-0 (42.8 GHz) SiO maser emission toward the Mira variable S Ori were conducted using the VLBA. Coordinated near-infrared K-band measurements of the stellar diameter were performed using VLTI-VINCI closely spaced in time to the VLBA observations. Analysis of the SiO maser data recorded at a visual variability phase 0.73 shows the average distance of the masers from the center of the distribution to be 9.4 mas for the v = 1 masers and 8.8 mas for the v = 2 masers. The velocity structure of the SiO masers appears to be random, with no significant indication of global expansion/infall or rotation. The determined near-infrared, K-band, uniform disk (UD) diameters decreased from similar to10.5 mas at phase 0.80 to similar to10.2 mas at phase 0.95. For the epoch of our VLBA measurements, an extrapolated UD diameter of Theta(UD)(K) = 10.8 +/- 0.3 mas was obtained, corresponding to a linear radius of R-UD(K) = 2.3 +/- 0.5 AU or R-UD(K) = 490 +/- 115 R.. Our coordinated VLBA/VLTI measurements show that the masers lie relatively close to the stellar photosphere at a distance of similar to2 photospheric radii, consistent with model estimates. This result is virtually free of the usual uncertainty inherent in comparing observations of variable stars widely separated in time and stellar phase. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Boboltz, DA (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM dboboltz@usno.navy.mil; mwittkow@eso.org OI Wittkowski, Markus/0000-0002-7952-9550 NR 53 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2005 VL 618 IS 2 BP 953 EP 961 DI 10.1086/426107 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 887GM UT WOS:000226293800038 ER PT J AU Landi, E Landini, M AF Landi, E Landini, M TI Models for solar magnetic loops. V. A new diagnostic technique to compare loop models and observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; plasmas; Sun : magnetic fields ID ACTIVE-REGION LOOPS; 3-DIMENSIONAL STEREOSCOPIC ANALYSIS; CORONAL LOOPS; TEMPERATURE; PLASMA; EIT; EXPLORER AB We present a new diagnostic technique to compare theoretical models with observations of quiescent magnetic loops from high-resolution imaging spectrometers. The diagnostic technique is primarily suited for the analysis of high-resolution, spatially resolved spectra, but it can also be applied to narrowband images. The diagnostic technique is based on a steady state, dynamic loop model and allows us to unambiguously determine whether the model reproduces the observations and to determine the plasma heating, velocities, footpoint conductive flux, and pressure in the loop. C1 Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Landi, E (reprint author), Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2005 VL 618 IS 2 BP 1039 EP 1043 DI 10.1086/426015 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 887GM UT WOS:000226293800046 ER PT J AU Warren, HP Doschek, GA AF Warren, HP Doschek, GA TI Reconciling hydrodynamic simulations with spectroscopic observations of solar flares SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : flares ID BRAGG CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; XIX RESONANCE LINE; X-RAY EMISSION; CA-XIX; IMPULSIVE PHASE; YOHKOH; PLASMA; LOOPS; RECONNECTION; TEMPERATURE AB Chromospheric evaporation is a central element of current models of solar flares. The high-velocity upflows that should accompany evaporation, however, are rarely observed in high-resolution solar flare spectra. Thus the absence of blueshifted line profiles represents a significant discrepancy between the theory and observations of this phenomenon. In this Letter we present an algorithm for computing multiple-loop time-dependent hydrodynamic simulations of solar flares using a minimum of assumptions. We show that these simulations can accurately reproduce the Ca XIX and S XV line profiles observed with the Bragg Crystal Spectrometer on Yohkoh during the earliest stages of a flare. Since our model represents the flare as a succession of independently heated threads, the strongly blueshifted emission evident during the initial heating of a thread is largely masked by emission from threads that have been heated previously and do not show bulk motions. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2005 VL 618 IS 2 BP L157 EP L160 DI 10.1086/427749 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 887GO UT WOS:000226294000024 ER PT J AU Kim, JC Cahill, DG Averback, RS AF Kim, JC Cahill, DG Averback, RS TI Surface defects created by 20 keV Xe ion irradiation of Ge(111) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE surface crater; thermal spike; viscous flow; vacancy; adatom ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; PLASTIC-FLOW; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; METAL-SURFACES; BOMBARDMENT; DAMAGE; IMPACTS; PT(111); GENERATION; CASCADES AB Surface defects created by 20 keV Xe ion irradiation of Ge(111) are investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). One bilayer deep vacancy islands and surface craters with a depth of more than two bilayers are obscrved. The creation of the surface craters, which is caused by thermal spike of 20 keV Xe ions, is an unusual event with a yield of similar to0.1%. The areal density of surface craters increases linearly with increasing ion fluence at 245degreesC and increases sub-linearly with increasing ion fluence at 275degreesC. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kim, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jckim@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Cahill, David/B-3495-2014 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2005 VL 574 IS 2-3 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.10.026 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 892PR UT WOS:000226663000010 ER PT J AU Mikulski, PT Gao, G Chateauneuf, GM Harrison, JA AF Mikulski, PT Gao, G Chateauneuf, GM Harrison, JA TI Contact forces at the sliding interface: Mixed versus pure model alkane monolayers SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ORDERED ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; TETRAHEDRAL AMORPHOUS-CARBON; CHAIN-LENGTH DEPENDENCE; FRICTIONAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; WEARLESS FRICTION; NANOTRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AB Classical molecular dynamics simulations of an amorphous carbon tip sliding against monolayers of n-alkane chains are presented. The tribological behavior of tightly packed, pure monolayers composed of chains containing 14 carbon atoms is compared to mixed monolayers that randomly combine equal amounts of 12- and 16-carbon-atom chains. When sliding in the direction of chain cant under repulsive (positive) loads, pure monolayers consistently show lower friction than mixed monolayers. The distribution of contact forces between individual monolayer chain groups and the tip shows pure and mixed monolayers resist tip motion similarly. In contrast, the contact forces "pushing" the tip along differ in the two monolayers. The pure monolayers exhibit a high level of symmetry between resisting and pushing forces which results in a lower net friction. Both systems exhibit a marked friction anisotropy. The contact force distribution changes dramatically as a result of the change in sliding direction, resulting in an increase in friction. Upon continued sliding in the direction perpendicular to chain cant, both types of monolayers are often capable of transitioning to a state where the chains are primarily oriented with the cant along the sliding direction. A large change in the distribution of contact forces and a reduction in friction accompany this transition. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Mikulski, PT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. EM mikulski@usna.edu RI Gao, Guangtu/F-4541-2012 NR 80 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 2 AR 024701 DI 10.1063/1.1828035 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 893DH UT WOS:000226699000046 PM 15638608 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Zhu, XQ Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Zhu, XQ Sun, FR Wu, C TI Ecological optimization for generalized irreversible Carnot refrigerators SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; FINITE-TIME THERMODYNAMICS; HEAT ENGINES; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS; CYCLES; COEFFICIENT; CRITERION; PROPERTY; ENERGY AB The optimal ecological performance of a Newton's law generalized irreversible Carnot refrigerator with the losses of heat resistance. heat leakage and internal irreversibility is derived by taking an ecological optimization criterion as the objective, which consists of maximizing a function representing the, best compromise between the exergy output rate and exergy loss rate (entropy production rate) of the refrigerator Numerical examples are given to show the effects of heat leakage and internal irreversibility oil the optimal performance of generalized irreversible refrigerators. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. Jiangsu Tech Normal Coll, Changzhou 223001, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lingenchen@hotmail.com NR 48 TC 47 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JAN 7 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 1 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/1/018 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 889SJ UT WOS:000226462500018 ER PT J AU Yoon, MK Heider, D Gillespie, JW Ratcliffe, CP Crane, RM AF Yoon, MK Heider, D Gillespie, JW Ratcliffe, CP Crane, RM TI Local damage detection using the two-dimensional gapped smoothing method SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID VIBRATION; DELAMINATION; FREQUENCY; PLATE AB This paper presents a procedure for locating variability in structural stiffness. For some types of structure, this variability is directly related to manufacturing defects and/or in-service damage. Unlike many published damage detection methods, the procedure presented here uses only data obtained from the damaged structure. Baseline data and theoretical models of the undamaged structure are not used during the analysis presented here. The procedure locates regions in a structure where the stiffness varies. Providing it is known that the structure, in its undamaged state, is homogeneous with respect to stiffness, the procedure will detect the areas of inhomogeneity that are caused by the incipient damage. For nonhomogeneous structures, some knowledge of the structural details (for example, engineering drawings or a baseline test) is required in order to discriminate damage. The procedure is a two-dimensional generalization of a previously published one-dimensional gapped smoothing method, whereby local features in vibration curvature shapes are extracted using a localized curve fit (i.e., smoothing). A variability index is generated for each test point on the structure. Increased variability is due either to structural stiffness features or damage. A statistical treatment of the indices enables discrimination of areas with significant stiffness variability. Providing the damaged areas are sufficiently small compared to the total surface area, their indices will be statistical outliers. The procedure can either analyze mode shape data, or frequency dependent operating displacement shape data. The procedure is demonstrated with a finite element model of a plate, and experiments on composite plates with deliberately induced multiple delaminations. Finally, the method is demonstrated on data taken from a large composite hull structure. In all cases the procedure successfully located the damaged regions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Yoon, MK (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM yoon@ccm.udel.edu NR 23 TC 87 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X EI 1095-8568 J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD JAN 6 PY 2005 VL 279 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2003.10.058 PG 21 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 874FS UT WOS:000225336900004 ER PT J AU Hull, AJ AF Hull, AJ TI Analysis of a fluid-loaded thick plate SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION-CURVES; POISSON RATIO; LAMB MODES; ELASTIC PLATE; WAVES; SPECTRA C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Weap Technol & Undersea Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Hull, AJ (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Weap Technol & Undersea Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM hullaj@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD JAN 6 PY 2005 VL 279 IS 1-2 BP 497 EP 507 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2004.01.051 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 874FS UT WOS:000225336900024 ER PT J AU Sheremet, A Guza, RT Herbers, THC AF Sheremet, A Guza, RT Herbers, THC TI A new estimator for directional properties of nearshore waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; INFRAGRAVITY WAVES; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; LONG WAVES; BEAT; GENERATION; SPECTRA; BEACHES; DELILAH; STRESS AB The infragravity wave (periods between roughly 20 and 200 s) energy balance in shallow, nearshore waters is believed to be effected by generation by groups of sea and swell, dissipation, shoreline reflection, and refractive trapping. Observations obtained with alongshore oriented arrays of current meters or pressure gauges have been previously used to identify concentrations of energy at the frequency-alongshore wavenumbers of refractively trapped edge waves, but seaward and shoreward propagating waves were not differentiated. Surfzone dissipation theoretically limits edge wave growth, and a different analysis (using the approximation of shore-normal propagation) shows that the energy flux of shoreward propagating infragravity waves decreases owing to surfzone dissipation. Here an estimator is developed that yields the alongshore wavenumber-frequency spectra of seaward and shoreward propagating waves, using the WKB approximation and observations from an alongshore-oriented array of pressure and velocity sensors. Example spectra, estimated using data from the spatially sparse and relatively short SandyDuck arrays, suggests that strong dissipation of shoreward propagating infragravity waves occurs over a wide range of alongshore wavenumbers, effectively suppressing the excitation of edge wave modes. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Sheremet, A (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM ashere1@lsu.edu; rguza@ucsd.edu; thherber@nps.edu NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 4 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C1 AR C01001 DI 10.1029/2003JC002236 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 890LG UT WOS:000226512100001 ER PT J AU Siegel, DJ Hamilton, JC AF Siegel, DJ Hamilton, JC TI Computational study of carbon segregation and diffusion within a nickel grain boundary SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE grain boundary segregation; grain boundary diffusion; magnetic properties; nickel alloys; first principles; electron theory ID AB-INITIO; CU; METALS; FILMS; ELECTRODEPOSITION; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; ALLOYS; ATOMS AB Using density functional theory, we study the segregation and diffusion of carbon interstitials at a nickel Sigma3 (1 1 (2) over bar) tilt grain boundary (GB) as a function of C coverage and Ni magnetic state. We find that segregation is most favorable for a "checkerboard" configuration at a coverage of 1/2 monolayer in both non-magnetic (NM) and ferromagnetic (FM) states, with FM (NM) heats of segregation approaching -0.5 (-0.3) eV per C atom. Segregation is 0.1-0.2 eV stronger in the FM state, because C interstitials suppress Ni magnetism, and this suppression is minimized when C resides at the boundary. Carbon GB diffusion is predicted to be highly anisotropic: calculated energy barriers (E-a) for migration parallel to the [1 (1) over bar 0] tilt axis are significantly smaller (E-a = 0.44-0.77 eV) than for lattice diffusion (E-a = 1.62 eV), while barriers perpendicular to [1 (1) over bar 0] are comparable to those of lattice diffusion. Changes in barrier height due to Ni magnetism are (with one exception) relatively small, and are evident only when the diffusion pathway bisects highly compressed GB sites. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dsiegel@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Siegel, Donald/B-4048-2013 OI Siegel, Donald/0000-0001-7913-2513 NR 47 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 7 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN 3 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.09.006 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 879LA UT WOS:000225718100006 ER PT J AU Beadie, G Sariyanni, ZE Rostovtsev, YV Opatrny, T Reintjes, J Scully, MO AF Beadie, G Sariyanni, ZE Rostovtsev, YV Opatrny, T Reintjes, J Scully, MO TI Towards a FAST CARS anthrax detector: coherence preparation using simultaneous femtosecond laser pulses SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE quantum coherence; CARS; spectroscopy ID DIPICOLINIC ACID; GENERATION; MOLECULES AB Maximizing the molecular response to coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) requires optimizing the preparation of a vibrational quantum coherence. We simulate the amount of laser-induced coherence prepared in a three-level system modeled after dipicolinic acid (DPA), a marker molecule for bacterial spores. The level spacings and decoherence times were chosen to agree with experimental data observed from DPA. Nearly-maximal vibrational coherences can be induced for 150 fs optical pulses, despite the very fast dephasing rates of the electronic transitions. It is also shown that pulse propagation effects play an important role in the development of coherence throughout an extended sample, due to nonlinear index effects of the molecule at the laser frequencies. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Rostovtsev, YV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5614,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rost@qo.tamu.edu NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JAN 3 PY 2005 VL 244 IS 1-6 BP 423 EP 430 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2004.09.050 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 889HG UT WOS:000226433500052 ER PT J AU Chen, WB Strahan, GD Parrish, DA Deschamps, JR Coop, A AF Chen, WB Strahan, GD Parrish, DA Deschamps, JR Coop, A TI Studies into the Diels-Alder reactions of 5-trimethylsilylthebaine SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Diels-Alder; rearrangement; NMR analysis ID OPIUM-ALKALOIDS; CHEMISTRY AB The introduction of a 5-trimethylsilyl group on the least hindered face of the diene thebaine was anticipated to favor attack by dienophiles front the alternate face, but only gave rise to a rearrangement product when treated with 3-butene-2-one at 110degreesC. Reaction with the more reactive benzoquinone at lower temperature gave rise to a very slow reaction from the same face as the silyl group, indicating that a trimethylsilyl group does not sufficiently hinder this face to achieve reaction at the other face. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coop, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 20 Penn St,Room 637, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM acoop@rx.umaryland.edu OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JAN 3 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 1 BP 131 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.11.010 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 879WF UT WOS:000225749200028 ER PT B AU Weiler, KW Van Dyk, SD Sramek, RA Panagia, N Stockdale, CJ Montes, MJ AF Weiler, KW Van Dyk, SD Sramek, RA Panagia, N Stockdale, CJ Montes, MJ BE Turatto, M Benetti, S Zampieri, L Shea, W TI Radio emission from supernovae SO 1604-2004: Supernovae as Cosmological Lighthouses SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on 1604-2004 - Supernovae as Cosmological Lighthouses CY JUN 15-19, 2004 CL Univ Degli Studi Padova, Padua, ITALY HO Univ Degli Studi Padova ID RAPID PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION; MASS-LOSS; SN 1978K; PROGENITOR; 1993J; 1979C; STAR AB Study of radio supernovae over the past 25 years includes two dozen detected objects and more than 100 upper limits. From this work it is possible to identify classes of radio properties, demonstrate conformance to and deviations from existing models, estimate the density and structure of the circumstellar material and, by inference, the evolution of the presupernova stellar wind, and reveal the last stages of stellar evolution before explosion. It is also possible to detect ionized hydrogen along the line of sight, to demonstrate binary properties of the stellar system, and to detect clumpiness of the circumstellar material. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weiler, KW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-209-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2005 VL 342 BP 290 EP 297 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDX50 UT WOS:000235953000056 ER PT B AU Drusinsky, D Shing, MT Demir, K AF Drusinsky, D Shing, MT Demir, K GP IEEE Computer Society TI Test-time, run-time, and simulation-time temporal assertions in RSP SO 16TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING, PROCEEDINGS: SHORTENING THE PATH FROM SPECIFICATION TO PROTOTYPE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping CY JUN 08-10, 2005 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Simulat, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Design Automat AB For cost-effective prototyping, system designers should have a clear understanding of the intended use of the prototype under development. This paper describes a classification of formal specification (temporal) assertions used during system prototyping. The classification introduces two new classes of assertions in addition to the well-known class of test-time assertions: (i) assertions used only during simulation, and (ii) deployable assertions integrated with run-time control flow. Separating the formal specification into three distinct classes allows system designers to develop more effective prototypes to evaluate the different system behaviors and constraints. A prototype of a naval torpedo system is used-to illustrate the concept. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ddrusins@nps.edu; shing@nps.edu; kdemir@nps.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2361-7 PY 2005 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1109/RSP.2005.50 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BCO96 UT WOS:000230459100015 ER PT B AU Auguston, M Michael, JB Shing, MT AF Auguston, M Michael, JB Shing, MT GP IEEE Computer Society TI Test automation and safety assessment in rapid systems prototyping SO 16TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING, PROCEEDINGS: SHORTENING THE PATH FROM SPECIFICATION TO PROTOTYPE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping CY JUN 08-10, 2005 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Simulat, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Design Automat AB This paper addresses the need for automatic generation of executable environment models to facilitate the testing of real-time reactive systems under development (SUD) in rapid system prototyping. We present an approach that allows users to model the environment in which the SUD will operate in the terms of attributed event grammar (AEG). The AEG provides a uniform approach for automatically generating, executing, and analyzing tests. The approach is supported by a generator that creates test cases from the AEG models. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach with using as a case study a prototype of the safety-critical computer-assisted resuscitation algorithm (CARA) software for a casualty intravenous fluid infusion pump. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM maugusto@nps.edu; bmichael@nps.edu; shing@nps.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2361-7 PY 2005 BP 188 EP 194 DI 10.1109/RSP.2005.49 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BCO96 UT WOS:000230459100026 ER PT S AU Cole, JH Howerton, MM Moeller, RP Niemel, J Cundin, L Sunderman, C AF Cole, JH Howerton, MM Moeller, RP Niemel, J Cundin, L Sunderman, C BE Voet, M Willsch, R Ecke, W Jones, J Culshaw, B TI Low drive voltage modulators with ultra low loss serpentine electrodes for electric field sensing with optical fibers SO 17th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors CY MAY 23-27, 2005 CL Brugge, BELGIUM SP I D FOS Res, Fibre Opt Sensors & Sensing Syst, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Res Lab, Network Excellence Micro Opt, SCK CEN, Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, FWO, FNRS, Export Flanders, Flanders Foreign Investment Off, ESF, European Opt Soc, Inst Phys, IEEE, SPIE, Inst Measurement & Control UK, IEEE LEOS, Opt Soc Amer, AMA German Sensor Technol Assoc, DGaO German Soc Appl Opt, OptecNet German Network Competence Opt Photon Technologies, Sensors Web Portal DE lithium niobate; traveling-wave electrodes; integrated optics; fiber optic electric field sensors ID LINBO3 MODULATOR AB A key analog fiber-optic link parameter for RF and microwave antenna remoting is conversion gain or loss, which is a measure of the output RF power to the input RF power at the modulator. The link conversion loss can be minimized by using high-power lasers, modulators with low drive voltages, and sensitive photodetectors. It is highly desirable to achieve link gain without RF amplification. This has not been possible for broadband operation due to the required modulator drive voltages. This paper reports on the development of optical waveguide modulators that can achieve subvolt drive voltages to frequencies of approximately 20 GHz. Long interaction length, multipass LiNbO3 serpentine modulators have been fabricated employing low optical loss compact 1800 turns. A record minimum RF loss achieved with a novel bridge structure electrode and used in these high performance modulators is presented. These modulators when connected to conventional antennas, operate as optical fiber electric field sensors. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cole, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5651,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5855-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5855 BP 371 EP 374 DI 10.1117/12.623602 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BCV71 UT WOS:000231443000089 ER PT S AU Cranch, GA Kirkendall, CK AF Cranch, GA Kirkendall, CK BE Voet, M Willsch, R Ecke, W Jones, J Culshaw, B TI Emission properties of a passively mode-locked fiber laser for time division multiplexing of fiber Bragg grating array applications SO 17th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors CY MAY 23-27, 2005 CL Brugge, BELGIUM SP I D FOS Res, Fibre Opt Sensors & Sensing Syst, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Res Lab, Network Excellence Micro Opt, SCK CEN, Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, FWO, FNRS, Export Flanders, Flanders Foreign Investment Off, ESF, European Opt Soc, Inst Phys, IEEE, SPIE, Inst Measurement & Control UK, IEEE LEOS, Opt Soc Amer, AMA German Sensor Technol Assoc, DGaO German Soc Appl Opt, OptecNet German Network Competence Opt Photon Technologies, Sensors Web Portal DE mode-locked laser; fiber Bragg grating sensor; time division multiplexing ID NOISE; PULSES AB The emission characteristics of a passively mode-locked erbium. fiber laser for use as a source for interrogating multiplexed fiber Bragg grating sensors are reported. Specifically investigated are the temporal and spectral characteristics, optical extinction ratio, and relative intensity noise. This source is demonstrated to achieve the performance required for high-resolution interferometric interrogation of time division multiplexed fiber Bragg grating sensors. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cranch, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5674,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5855-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5855 BP 980 EP 983 DI 10.1117/12.623811 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BCV71 UT WOS:000231443000241 ER PT B AU Tummala, M Wai, CC Vincent, P AF Tummala, Murali Wai, Chan Chee Vincent, Patrick GP IEEE TI Distributed beamforming in wireless sensor networks SO 2005 39th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Pacific Grove, CA AB We present an adaptive distributed beamforming approach for sensor networks, wherein sensor nodes coordinate their transmissions to form a distributed antenna array that directs a beam toward an airborne relay (an Unamanned Aerial Vehicle). Distributed beamforming using sensors is challenging since the number of nodes and their exact positions are unknown. A simulation model was implemented to study adaptive beamforming, and results are compared to theoretical results for random arrays. We show that the antenna main lobe remains stable in the presence of position errors and sensor failures, and thus can be steered in an adaptive manner as a UAV flies past. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tummala, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0131-3 PY 2005 BP 793 EP 797 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BEM56 UT WOS:000238142000151 ER PT B AU Ives, RW Kennell, LR Gaunt, RM Etter, DM AF Ives, Robert W. Kennell, Lauren R. Gaunt, Ruth M. Etter, Delores M. GP IEEE TI Iris segmentation for recognition using local statistics SO 2005 39th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Pacific Grove, CA AB Iris recognition is one of the more commonly used biometrics for recognition due to its accuracy. One of the first steps in iris recognition is to segment the iris from the rest of the image for further processing. This paper investigates the use of local statistics to find the pupillary (inner) and limbic (outer) boundaries of the iris. In particular, the local standard deviation and local kurtosis have shown to be useful in this respect. The methodology and results using the University of Bath and the United States Naval Academy iris databases are presented. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ives, RW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0131-3 PY 2005 BP 859 EP 863 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BEM56 UT WOS:000238142000164 ER PT B AU Odelowo, BO AF Odelowo, Babafemi O. GP IEEE TI A fast beamforming algorithm for planar/volumetric arrays SO 2005 39th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Pacific Grove, CA AB Beamforming is a primary processing task undertaken in many sonar systems. In this paper, an algorithm for frequency domain formation of steered beams is developed. The method, based on the chirp z-transform (CZT), is applicable to arrays with regular geometries, which can be viewed as being comprised of multiple line array segments. Computational and memory requirements of the algorithm are derived. The algorithm, which is an exact beamformer, is shown to require significantly less computation and only a fraction of the memory needed by a direct approach. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Odelowo, BO (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0131-3 PY 2005 BP 1707 EP 1710 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BEM56 UT WOS:000238142000329 ER PT S AU Kang, W Gong, Q Ross, IM AF Kang, Wei Gong, Qi Ross, I. Michael GP IEEE TI Convergence of pseudospectral methods for a class of discontinuous optimal control SO 2005 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control & European Control Conference, Vols 1-8 SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th IEEE Conference on Decision Control/European Control Conference (CCD-ECC) CY DEC 12-15, 2005 CL Seville, SPAIN SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, European Union Control Assoc, IFAC, INFORMS, SIAM, SICE, Honeywell, MathWorks AB We consider the optimal control of feedback linearizable dynamic systems subject to mixed state and control constraints. The optimal controller is allowed to be discontinuous including bang-bang control. Although the nonlinear system is assumed to be feedback linearizable, in general, the optimal control does not linearize the dynamics. The continuous optimal control problem is discretized using pseudospectral (PS) methods. We prove that the discretized problem is always feasible and that the optimal solution to the discretized, constrained problem converges to the possibly discontinuous optimal control of the continuous-time problem. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 0-7803-9567-0 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2005 BP 2799 EP 2804 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BFB21 UT WOS:000240653702125 ER PT S AU Gong, Q Qian, CJ AF Gong, Qi Qian, Chunjiang GP IEEE TI Global practical output regulation of a class of nonlinear systems by output feedback SO 2005 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control & European Control Conference, Vols 1-8 SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th IEEE Conference on Decision Control/European Control Conference (CCD-ECC) CY DEC 12-15, 2005 CL Seville, SPAIN SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, European Union Control Assoc, IFAC, INFORMS, SIAM, SICE, Honeywell, MathWorks ID DISTURBANCE REJECTION; INTERNAL-MODEL; STABILIZATION; PRINCIPLE; OBSERVER; FORM AB In this paper we solve the global practical output regulation problem for a class of nonlinear systems by dynamic output feedback control. Unlike most of the existing results where the unmeasurable states in the nonlinear vector field can only grow linearly, we allow higher-order growth of unmeasurable states. The proposed controller makes the tracking error arbitrarily small and demonstrates nice properties such as robustness to the disturbances and universality to any continuously differentiable references. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gong, Q (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 0-7803-9567-0 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2005 BP 7278 EP 7283 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BFB21 UT WOS:000240653706174 ER PT B AU Lynch, RS Willett, PK AF Lynch, RS Willett, PK GP IEEE TI How well do discrete Bayesian methods represent a true model for each class? SO 2005 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION), VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) CY JUL 25-28, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE DE quantized features; feature or decision level data fusion; probability of error; binomial distribution AB In this paper, mathematical formulas are developed for analytically determining how well discrete Bayesian classification methods, such as the Combined Bayes Test (CBT), estimate probability mass functions for each class. In general, an analytical solution for this problem is computationally not trivial and solutions are typically given with empirically generated results. In this case, the actual analytical probability of error expression is given for a two class problem that is a function of the number of data samples, the true cell probabilities for each class, and the number of discretized cells. Results are shown by plotting the difference between the actual and optimal error probabilities, versus the optimal probability of error, where it is demonstrated that, as expected, discrete classifier performance depends on the number of data samples for each class. However, interesting additional results are given where it is shown that actual classifier performance depends on both the true value of the optimal error probability, and the overall quantization of the data. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI USA. RP USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI USA. EM lynchrs@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; willett@engr.uconn.edu OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9286-8 PY 2005 BP 409 EP 414 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDP88 UT WOS:000234830400056 ER PT B AU Rogge, MS Urick, VJ Bucholtz, F Williams, KJ AF Rogge, MS Urick, VJ Bucholtz, F Williams, KJ GP IEEE TI Comparison of crosstalk in amplitude- and phase-modulated hyperfine WDM fiber optic links SO 2005 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO), VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD ID NONLINEARITIES; SYSTEMS AB We investigated rf crosstalk levels at 12.5 GHz optical channel spacing for a 34 km, Er-amplified fiber optic link. For two different link configurations, experimental results are presented for both amplitude and phase modulation. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM matthew.rogge@nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 128 EP 130 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819900044 ER PT B AU Bowman, SR O'Connor, S Biswal, S AF Bowman, SR O'Connor, S Biswal, S GP IEEE TI High power ytterbium disk laser SO 2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO), Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD AB A novel diode-pumped disk laser yielded 490 W in a quasi-cw mode. Electrical efficiency of the laser was found to be 9.4%. Heating of the laser disk was only 2.7% of the absorbed optical power. (c) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowman, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 159 EP 161 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819900055 ER PT B AU Alexeev, I Ting, AC Gordon, DF Penano, JR Sprangle, P Briscoe, E AF Alexeev, I Ting, AC Gordon, DF Penano, JR Sprangle, P Briscoe, E GP IEEE TI Ultraviolet light generation by intense laser filaments propagating in air SO 2005 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO), VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD ID PULSES AB Sub-millimeter diameter filaments can develop from laser self-focusing in air. These filaments produce ultraviolet radiations in form of third harmonics and frequency upshifting. Using high-power laser we observed generation of third harmonic radiation in air. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ilya@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 189 EP 191 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819900066 ER PT B AU Bewley, WW Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Lindle, JR Kim, M Canedy, CL Meyer, JR AF Bewley, WW Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Lindle, JR Kim, M Canedy, CL Meyer, JR GP IEEE TI Large-area surface-emitting "W" mid-IR photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers SO 2005 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO), VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD AB Photonic-crystal distributed-feedback gratings are employed to produce vertical emission from very-large-area mid-IR "W" lasers. For a FWHM pump-spot diameter of 400-mu m, approximate to 60% of the output is transmitted through a far-field aperture of diameter 1.8 degrees. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navv.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 1929 EP 1931 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819902127 ER PT B AU Pong, RGS Flom, SR Shirk, JS Duncan, TV Therien, MJ AF Pong, RGS Flom, SR Shirk, JS Duncan, TV Therien, MJ GP IEEE TI Nonlinear transmission of highly conjugated (polypyridyl)metal-(porphinato)zinc(II) compounds SO 2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO), Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD AB Several materials that have been demonstrated to have very large excited state NIR absorption coefficients have been examined by nanosecond Z-scan and nonlinear transmission experiments and demonstrate large decreases in transmission with increasing fluence. C1 USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pong, RGS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 2004 EP 2006 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819902153 ER PT B AU Lepkowicz, RS Flom, SR Beadie, G Wiggins, MJ Shirk, JS Ranade, A Taib, H Baer, E Hiltner, A AF Lepkowicz, RS Flom, SR Beadie, G Wiggins, MJ Shirk, JS Ranade, A Taib, H Baer, E Hiltner, A GP IEEE TI Characterization of dye-doped polymer films for nonlinear polymer 1D photonic crystals SO 2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO), Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD AB The incorporation of a nonlinear dye into a nanolayered polymer structure has the ability to greatly enhance the nonlinear transmission of the dye, Several characeteristics of the nanolayered structured were studied to optimize the effect. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lepkowicz, RS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 2010 EP 2012 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819902155 ER PT B AU Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Park, D Boos, JB Biermann, ML Kanakaraju, S Calhoun, LC AF Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Park, D Boos, JB Biermann, ML Kanakaraju, S Calhoun, LC GP IEEE TI Piezoelectricity in (100) III-V semiconductors SO 2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO), Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; QUANTUM-WELLS; SUPERLATTICES AB We experimentally demonstrate the presence of internal piezoelectric fields in (100)oriented III-V semiconductor heterostructures. The piezoelectric fields are produced by internal shear strain engineered in InGaAs quantum well microbridges. (c) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 2129 EP 2131 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819902195 ER PT B AU Goetz, PG Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Swingen, L Gilbreath, GC Murphy, JL Burris, HR Stell, MF AF Goetz, PG Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Swingen, L Gilbreath, GC Murphy, JL Burris, HR Stell, MF GP IEEE TI Practical considerations of retroreflector choice in modulating retroreflector systems SO 2005 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meeting CY JUL 25-27, 2005 CL San Diego, CA ID SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS; RETRO-REFLECTORS; COMMUNICATION; LINK C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goetz, PG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8981-6 PY 2005 BP 49 EP 50 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCY18 UT WOS:000231847800024 ER PT B AU Tulchinsky, DA Williams, KJ AF Tulchinsky, DA Williams, KJ GP IEEE TI Amplitude and phase noise of RF photodiodes operated in compression SO 2005 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meeting CY JUL 25-27, 2005 CL San Diego, CA ID DESIGN; LASERS AB We present a study of amplitude and residual phase noise in RF photodetectors. At 1 GHz, the noise spectra of p-i-n photodiodes were measured and found to vary with the level of space charge induced RF compression. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tulchinsky, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8981-6 PY 2005 BP 129 EP 130 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCY18 UT WOS:000231847800063 ER PT B AU Lippincott, WL Pickard, T Nichols, R AF Lippincott, WL Pickard, T Nichols, R GP IEEE TI Loop-dipole antenna modeling using the FEKO code SO 2005 IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless Communications and Applied Computational Electromagnetics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless Communications and Applied Computational Electromagnetics CY APR 03-07, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Appl Computat Electromagnet Soc AB A study was done to optimize the design of a loop dipole antenna over a broad frequency range (0.5- 2 GHz) using the FEKO method of moments code. Variations to the design were modeled as well as the performance of the antenna in an array. The modeling was compared to anechoic chamber data. The fields generated by the FEKO code were also input to a GTD (geometric theory of diffraction) code as an antenna pattern to model the multipath effects caused by mounting the antenna onto an aircraft. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lippincott, WL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8122, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9068-7 PY 2005 BP 507 EP 510 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB79 UT WOS:000232402200123 ER PT B AU Morgan, MA AF Morgan, MA GP IEEE TI Low-frequency EM field penetration through magnetic and conducting cylindrical shields SO 2005 IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless Communications and Applied Computational Electromagnetics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless Communications and Applied Computational Electromagnetics CY APR 03-07, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Appl Computat Electromagnet Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, ECE Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Morgan, MA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, ECE Dept, Code EC-Mw, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9068-7 PY 2005 BP 549 EP 552 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB79 UT WOS:000232402200133 ER PT S AU Schaum, A AF Schaum, A. GP IEEE TI Local covariance equalization of hyperspectral imagery: Advantages and limitations for target detection SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB (12)The operational implementation of many conventional hyperspectral detection algorithms can be greatly simplified by adaptively preprocessing all test pixels and target signatures to equalize first- and second-order background statistics. The process is equivalent to expressing spectral radiance in a locally Euclidean coordinate system. Removing hyperspectral curvature in this way greatly simplifies both the data archiving function and the mathematical forms of standard detectors. Here we show why the equalization procedure does not compromise performance for conventional detection methods. More advanced algorithms cannot, however, be implemented with equalized data alone. We show how this limitation can nonetheless be overcome by temporarily storing a few parameters, with no archiving penalty. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 2001 EP 2011 DI 10.1109/AERO.2005.1559491 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379001088 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Smith-Carroll, AS AF Gray, John E. Smith-Carroll, A. Sunshine GP IEEE TI How uncertainty consumes prediction SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE DE prediction; uncertainty; Jaynes; transformation; state of knowledge; hypotheses space reduction; hypotheses selection; combat system performance evaluation AB The problem of prediction of target location and the role that this problem plays in the design and evolution of a modern combat system is analyzed. Connected with this problem is the task of choosing one set of hypotheses from among many viable sets. The functional dependence of the ability to make a prediction is discussed with particular attention paid to efficiencies and deficiencies. A general principle is proposed that helps bound the prediction problem from a weapons system perspective. A technique due to Jaynes called the transformation group method is applied to understand some of the problems of prediction. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Code B-10, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 2074 EP 2082 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379001096 ER PT S AU Lynch, R Kirsteins, I Kelly, J AF Lynch, Robert Kirsteins, Ivars Kelly, James GP IEEE TI The detection and classification of broadband signals in reverberant dispersive environments SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The use of broadband waveforms has been suggested as a means of improving active sonar performance against slow moving or stationary targets in littoral waters. In principle, the use of a wide spectrum permits the design of waveforms with nearly ideal "thumbtack-like" ambiguity functions. However, the ocean has dispersive characteristics in both time and frequency that can prevent the idealized broadband gains from being realized. These dispersive effects or coherence losses result in non-idealized signal-echo cross-ambiguity function properties. At present, it is not well understood how coherence losses affect the cross-ambiguity function. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the study and quantify the effects of coherence loss on detection in reverberation-limited environments and provide insight into the maximum tolerable coherence losses and optimum sonar receiver design. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Lynch, R (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 2375 EP 2381 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379002014 ER PT S AU Lovellette, MN White, J AF Lovellette, M. N. White, Julia GP IEEE TI "Test Like You Fly" confidence building for complex systems SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Test Like You Fly (TLYF) provides a viable path to testing complex systems. Currently no formal guidelines exist for TLYF. Recent program experience has created a knowledge base that can be used to derive requirements for TLYF. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lovellette, MN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 2446 EP 2454 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379002023 ER PT S AU Surratt, M Loomis, HH Ross, AA Duren, R AF Surratt, Mindy Loomis, Herschel H. Ross, Alan A. Duren, Russ GP IEEE TI Challenges of remote FPGA configuration for space applications SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB There are many unique challenges associated with providing remote access to space experimental payloads. The limited bandwidth to the space craft, the inability to physically monitor and probe the payload, and the management of access time for various researchers working on the project all compound to create a challenging work environment. The Configurable Fault Tolerant Processor (CFTP) project aims to alleviate many of the difficulties associated with remote payload operation. We have made use of modular FPGA design, which allows us to transfer only small application modules rather than full configuration files. This dramatically reduces the bandwidth required to upload new applications as we discover new experiments for the CFTP after launch. Another unique aspect of the CFTP project is the collaborative effort in its development. We must manage access time for universities and research institutions across the country for running experiments on the CFTP, downloading CFTP documents, and analyzing telemetry afterlaunch. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93950 USA. RP Surratt, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 777 Dyer Rd,Bldg 233, Monterey, CA 93950 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 2511 EP 2519 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379002031 ER PT S AU Fleck, K AF Fleck, Kacie GP IEEE TI Evaluation of the Special Warfare Kits of the UH-1Y helicopter SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The United States Marine Corps (USMC) Special Warfare Mission Kits were tested for fit, form, and function on the upgraded UH-1Y "Huey". Special Warfare Kits are utilized for rapid insertion of USMC personnel where terrain or other mission constraints will not allow the helicopter to land and takeoff safely. The evaluation consisted of ground and flight test of the fast rope, Special Patrol Insertion/Extraction (SPIE), and rappel mission kits; static line and free fall parachute operations; and the internally mounted AN/ASC-26 communications package. Ground testing was conducted to evaluate each mission kit when installed on the UH-1Y. Certified Helicopter Rope Suspension Techniques (HRST) Masters and Jumpmasters were used during the evaluation conducted at Naval Air Station (NAS) Patuxent River. Flight tests were conducted in NAS Patuxent River local flying area and Marine Corps Base (MBC) Quantico with support from Reconnaissance and Amphibious Raids and Special Operations Training Group from New River, North Carolina. This paper describes the aircraft and test equipment, documents flight test planning, scope, and risk mitigation measures used, presents test results, including enhanced capabilities from the legacy UH-1N aircraft, and documents "lessons learned" for future flight test evaluations. C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Integrated Syst Evaluat Expt & Test Dept, Upgrades Flight Test Integrated Prod Team H1, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Fleck, K (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Integrated Syst Evaluat Expt & Test Dept, Upgrades Flight Test Integrated Prod Team H1, 22474 James Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 2919 EP 2925 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379002075 ER PT S AU Scharschan, J Caguiat, D AF Scharschan, John Caguiat, Daniel GP IEEE TI Development and improvement of compressor performance prognostics for US Navy Gas Turbine engines SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB In December 2003, Naval Surface Warfare Center Gas Turbine Emerging Technologies section conducted land-based fouling testing on a Rolls Royce/Allison 501-K17 Gas Turbine engine. The purpose of this testing was to collect data to improve a previously developed compressor health prognostics algorithm. For the purpose of Phase I of this testing, fouling was accomplished by injecting salt into the gas turbine inlet air stream. Phase II of this testing will consist of fouling the middle and back regions of the compressor. Influence coefficients can then be developed for each of these regions indicating how a given region affects overall performance. Typically, in a marine environment, fouling of the front stages occurs due to ingested salt while fouling in middle and rear regions occurs from a combination of ingested salt and oil seal leakage. In order to monitor engine performance, it was necessary to add several sensors to the existing test cell. In addition, hardware was added to both ingest and monitor the concentration of salt in gas turbine inlet air. Preliminary results from Phase I indicate that front stage compressor fouling causes a clear increase in inlet static pressure. This is due to the mass flow restriction through the compressor. Additional results are currently being summarized and data is being utilized to improve the 501-K17 compressor performance algorithm previously noted. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Scharschan, J (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 1569 Constitut Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 3472 EP 3478 DI 10.1109/AERO.2005.1559650 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379003006 ER PT S AU Westervelt, K AF Westervelt, Kerry GP IEEE TI Transforming a maintenance ground station SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Diagnostics (1,2) information from the V-22 Osprey aircraft is processed using the Aircraft Maintenance Event Ground Station (AMEGS). Afterward, this information is debriefed with the aircrew and maintainers to determine if any gripes should be written to repair, service, or inspect the aircraft. Early in development, the downloaded maintenance data was rarely used because of numerous Built-In-Test (BIT) false alarms, and AMEGS was not integrated with the Naval Aviation Logistics Command Management Information System Optimized Organization Maintenance Activity (NALCOMIS-OOMA). Today, AMEGS is an integral part of the V-22's Automated Maintenance Environment (AME) providing the capability to generate work orders from the aircraft's BIT and Vibration, Structural Life and Engine Diagnostics (VSLED). Furthermore, AMEGS has taken the first step towards establishing. a link to the Interactive Electronic Technical Manual (IETM) by displaying a cross-reference from a Fault ID to IETM code so the maintainer has a starting point to begin troubleshooting once a work order is generated. This paper discusses how the AMEGS displays were transformed from an engineering tool into a user-friendly format for maintenance and how AMEGS became an instrumental aspect of the V-22's AME in the fleet. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Westervelt, K (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Hangar 109,Suite 2A,22474 James Rd,Unit 1, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 3723 EP 3731 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379003034 ER PT S AU Sekhavat, P Fleming, A Ross, IM AF Sekhavat, P Fleming, A Ross, IM GP IEEE TI Time-optimal nonlinear feedback control for the NPSAT1 spacecraft SO 2005 IEEE/ASME INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INTELLIGENT MECHATRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB NPSAT1 is a small satellite being built at the Naval Postgraduate School, and due to launch in January 2006. It uses magnetic actuators and a pitch momentum wheel for attitude control. In this paper, a novel time-optimal sampled-data feedback control algorithm is introduced for closed-loop control of NPSAT1 in the presence of disturbances. The feedback law is not analytically explicit; rather, it is obtained by a rapid re-computation of the open-loop time-optimal control at each update instant. The implementation of the proposed controller is based on a shrinking horizon approach and does not require any advance knowledge of the computation time. Pre-ground-test simulations show that the proposed control scheme performs well in the presence of parameter uncertainties and external disturbance torques. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronatu Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sekhavat, P (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronatu Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM imross@nps.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-6255 BN 0-7803-9046-6 J9 IEEE ASME INT C ADV PY 2005 BP 843 EP 850 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BCZ07 UT WOS:000232003500142 ER PT S AU Romano, M AF Romano, M GP IEEE TI On-the-ground experiments of autonomous spacecraft proximity-navigation using computer vision and jet actuators SO 2005 IEEE/ASME INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INTELLIGENT MECHATRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID CAMERA CALIBRATION AB This paper presents the current status of the research effort on autonomous proximity-navigation and spacecraft docking, which is on-going at the Spacecraft Servicing and Robotics Laboratory of the Naval Postgraduate School. An experimental test-bed has been designed and is in the advance integration phase, which can be used for validating analytical and numerical results regarding dynamic models and control laws. The test-bed consists of two spacecraft models floating via air-pads on a flat surface to simulate in two dimensions the weightlessness of the orbital flight. A custom-developed Vision Navigation Sensor is used to determine the relative position and orientation of the two spacecraft. This paper presents an overall description of the test-bed and reports the preliminary experimental results of autonomous navigation of the chaser-spacecraft model in the proximity of the target spacecraft. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Fac Mech & Astron Engn Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Fac Mech & Astron Engn Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mromano@nps.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-6255 BN 0-7803-9046-6 J9 IEEE ASME INT C ADV PY 2005 BP 1011 EP 1016 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BCZ07 UT WOS:000232003500170 ER PT S AU Harkins, R Ward, J Vaidyanathan, R Boxerbaum, AS Quinn, RD AF Harkins, R Ward, J Vaidyanathan, R Boxerbaum, AS Quinn, RD GP IEEE TI Design of an autonomous amphibious robot for surf zone operations: Part II - Hardware, control implementation and simulation SO 2005 IEEE/ASME INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INTELLIGENT MECHATRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE biologically inspired robotics; legged vehicles; micro-robots; reduced actuation AB This paper describes on-going work at The Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) and Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) to create an autonomous highly mobile amphibious robot. A first generation land-based prototype has been constructed and field tested. This robot design, based on a tracked element, is capable of autonomous waypoint navigation, self-orientation, obstacle avoidance, and has the capacity to transmit sensor (visual) feedback. A water-resistant second generation amphibious prototype design, based around the biologically inspired Whegs (TM) platform, has been completed. This design marries the unprecedented mobility of Whegs (TM) with the autonomous hardware and control architectures implemented in the first generation prototype. Furthermore, we have also implemented a dynamic simulation capturing salient features of Whegs (TM) for testing of robotic locomotion capabilities. The integration of these elements will lay the foundation for the development of a new generation of highly mobile autonomous amphibious robots. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Autonomous Robot & Syst Lab, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Harkins, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Autonomous Robot & Syst Lab, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rharkins@nps.edu; rdq@case.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-6255 BN 0-7803-9046-6 J9 IEEE ASME INT C ADV PY 2005 BP 1465 EP 1470 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BCZ07 UT WOS:000232003500245 ER PT S AU Kolsch, M Turk, M AF Kolsch, M Turk, M BE Schmid, C Soatto, S Tomasi, C TI Hand tracking with flocks of features SO 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Vol 2, Proceedings SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition CY JUN 20-25, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kolsch, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 0-7695-2372-2 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2005 BP 1187 EP 1187 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCR47 UT WOS:000230925500171 ER PT B AU Potter, MA Wiegand, RP Blumenthal, HJ Sofge, DA AF Potter, MA Wiegand, RP Blumenthal, HJ Sofge, DA GP IEEE TI Effects of experience bias when seeding with prior results SO 2005 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation CY SEP 02-05, 2005 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, IEE, Evolut Programming Soc ID MOBILE ROBOT; NAVIGATION AB Seeding the population of an evolutionary algorithm with solutions from previous runs has proved to be useful when learning control strategies for agents operating in a complex, changing environment. It has generally been assumed that initializing a learning algorithm with previously learned solutions will be helpful if the new problem is similar to the old. We will show that this assumption sometimes does not hold for many reasonable similarity metrics. Using a more traditional machine learning perspective, we explain why seeding is sometimes not helpful by looking at the learning-experience bias produced by the previously evolved solutions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Potter, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mpotter@aic.nrl.navy.mil; wiegand@aic.nrl.navy.mil; blumenth@aic.nrl.navy.mil; sofge@aic.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9363-5 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2005 BP 2730 EP 2737 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCZ86 UT WOS:000232173100362 ER PT B AU Doerry, NH Clayton, DH AF Doerry, NH Clayton, DH GP IEEE TI Shipboard electrical power quality of service SO 2005 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS 2005) CY JUL 25-27, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE PES, IEEE PELS, IEEE IAS, IEEE OES, IEEE DEIS, IEEE VTS, L 3 Commun, Power & Controls Grp Siemens, GE DE design methodology; energy storage; load shedding; marine vehicle power systems; military equipment; power generation; power system availability; power system control AB Although the U.S. Navy has decreed that the primary aim of the electric power system design will be for survivability and continuity of the electrical power supply, metrics have never been developed for continuity of service. This paper examines design issues associated with providing continuity of service under other than combat damage conditions and proposes a Quality of Service (QOS) metric to aid shipboard power systems design. This QOS metric is based on the probability that the power system will provide the degree of continuity of power that each load needs to support the ship's missions. The major factors impacting QOS are the ratings, reliability and failure modes of the prime movers, power conversion equipment, and load equipment as well as system configuration. Additionally, while design features for QOS often improve system survivability, different failure modes require the designer to consider both survivability and QOS. C1 Naval Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20376 USA. RP Doerry, NH (reprint author), Naval Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20376 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9259-0 PY 2005 BP 274 EP 279 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BDA82 UT WOS:000232303400044 ER PT S AU Iyer, BK Macleod, MD AF Iyer, BK Macleod, MD GP IEEE TI Color image retrieval using the datasieve SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5: SPEECH PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE ID SCALE-SPACE; SEGMENTATION; TRANSFORMS AB With the increased use of on-line resources as well as the availability of digitized images, the need for efficient image retrieval algorithms is high. Research is focusing on systems that use the properties of the regions of an image in their retrieval process so that the search mechanism yields images that are more closely related to the query image. In this paper, we use the datasieve, a recursive nonlinear multiscale morphological operation, to give a scale-space decomposition of the input image. The datasieve uses efficient graph-based algorithms, and can typically compute an entire scale-space decomposition in less than half a second. We show that the 'seed nodes' obtained from the datasieve scale-tree provide a representative sample of the regions in the image. Image matching is then carried out by comparing the seed node features of the query image with the seed node features of the images in the database. The results presented show the method to be promising. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Point Mugu Nawc, CA 93042 USA. RP USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Point Mugu Nawc, CA 93042 USA. EM balaji.iyer@navy.mil; m.macleod@signal.qinetiq.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-8874-7 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2005 BP 417 EP 420 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCI02 UT WOS:000229404201105 ER PT S AU Scrofani, JW Therrien, CW AF Scrofani, JW Therrien, CW GP IEEE TI A stochastic multirate signal processing approach to high-resolution signal reconstruction SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5: SPEECH PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE AB The paper addresses the problem of reconstructing a signal at some high sampling rate from a set of signals sampled at a lower rate and subject to additive noise and distortion. A set of periodically time-varying filters are employed in reconstructinly the underlying signal. Results are presented for a one-dimensional case involving simulated data, as well as for a two-dimensional case involving real image data where the image is processed by rows. In both cases, considerable improvement is evident after the processing. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM therrien@nps.edu NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-8874-7 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2005 BP 561 EP 564 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCI02 UT WOS:000229404203140 ER PT S AU Welch, TB Wright, CHG Morrow, MG AF Welch, TB Wright, CHG Morrow, MG GP IEEE TI Caller ID: An opportunity to teach DSP-based demodulation SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5: SPEECH PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE AB This paper discusses one of our real-time DSP course's most popular projects, demodulating a telephone's caller ID signal. We will describe the use of a modified telephone coupler to allow students to access to caller ID signal and then discuss a number of the DSP methods and techniques that are required to successfully demodulate, decode, and display the caller ID information. This project has been exceedingly well received by both our undergraduate and graduate students and represents a DSP-based solution to a real world communications problem that every student has seen in use. This project involves almost every aspect of real-time signal processing implementation, but is not so overwhelming in scope that it cannot be completed in a reasonable amount of time. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM t.b.welch@ieee.org; c.h.g.wright@ieee.org; morrow@ieee.org NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-8874-7 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2005 BP 569 EP 572 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCI02 UT WOS:000229404204143 ER PT S AU Du, YZ Bonney, B Ives, R Etter, D Schultz, R AF Du, YZ Bonney, B Ives, R Etter, D Schultz, R GP IEEE TI Analysis of partial iris recognition using a 1-D approach SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5: SPEECH PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE AB Iris recognition has been shown to be very accurate for human identification. In this paper, we investigate the performance of the use of a partial iris for recognition. A partial iris identification system based on a one-dimensional approach to iris identification is developed. The experiment results shows that a more distinguishable and individually unique signal is found in the inner rings of the iris. The results also show that it is possible to use only a portion of the iris for human identification. C1 USN Acad, Elect Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Elect Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-8874-7 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2005 BP 961 EP 964 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCI02 UT WOS:000229404201241 ER PT S AU Gong, Q Kang, W Ross, IM AF Gong, Q Kang, W Ross, IM GP IEEE TI A pseudospectral method for the optimal control of constrained feedback linearizable systems SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA), VOLS 1AND 2 SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications CY AUG 28-31, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA ID OPTIMIZATION; CONVERGENCE; ALGORITHM AB We consider the optimal control of feedback linearizable dynamical systems subject to mixed state and control constraints. In general, the optimal control does not linearize the dynamics. Such problems frequently arise in astronautical applications where stringent performance requirements demand optimality that cannot be achieved by feedback linearizing controls. We prove that a sequence of solutions to the discretized, constrained problem converge to the optimal solution of the continuous-time problem under mild and verifiable conditions. The spectral coefficients of the state trajectories provide a practical method to verify the convergence of the computed solution. The proposed ideas are illustrated by several numerical examples. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gong, Q (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM qgong@nps.edu; wkang@nps.edu; imross@nps.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 0-7803-9353-8 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2005 BP 1033 EP 1038 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BDD81 UT WOS:000232978000176 ER PT B AU Bharadwaj, R Mukhopadhyay, S Padh, N AF Bharadwaj, R Mukhopadhyay, S Padh, N BE Cheung, W Hsu, J TI Service composition in a secure agent-based architecture SO 2005 IEEE International Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce and e-Service, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce and e-Service CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2005 CL Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Comp Soc TC Elect Commerce, Natl ICT Australia Ltd HO Hong Kong Baptist Univ AB We describe an agent-based situation-aware survivable architecture for the discovery and composition of web services. Our architecture provides for proofs that guarantee the consistency of service level agreements between service providers and their clients. The architecture is based on decentralized situation-aware ambients (SAAs) which are autonomous agents that process information about the current situation, and discover and compose services syntactically to adapt to changing situations. The agents run on the Secure Infrastructure for Networked Systems (SINS) under development at the Center for High Assurance Computer Systems of the Naval Research Laboratory. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bharadwaj, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2274-2 PY 2005 BP 787 EP 788 DI 10.1109/EEE.2005.118 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BCE88 UT WOS:000228962200139 ER PT S AU Yun, XP Aparicio, C Bachmann, ER McGhee, RB AF Yun, XP Aparicio, C Bachmann, ER McGhee, RB GP IEEE TI Implementation and experimental results of a quaternion-based Kalman filter for human body motion tracking SO 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), Vols 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY APR 18-22, 2005 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE quaternion-based Kalman filter; human body motion tracking; MARG sensors; inertial/magnetic sensors ID VECTOR OBSERVATIONS AB A human body motion tracking system based on use of the MARG (Magnetic, Angular Rate, and Gravity) sensors has been under development at the Naval Postgraduate School and Miami University. The design of a quaternion-based Kalman filter for processing the MARG sensor data was described in [1]. This paper presents the real-time implementation and testing results of the quaternion-based Kalman filter. Experimental results validate the Kalman filter design, and show the feasibility of the MARG sensors for realtime human body motion tracking. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yun, XP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-8914-X J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2005 BP 317 EP 322 PG 6 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BDU48 UT WOS:000235460100052 ER PT S AU Bishop, BE AF Bishop, BE GP IEEE TI Control of platoons of nonholonornic vehicles using redundant manipulator analogs SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY APR 18-22, 2005 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE multi-robot control; nonholonomic systems AB In this work we consider methods for control of platoons of cooperating nonholonomic vehicles using techniques based on redundant manipulator control. The class of tricycle-like robots is chosen, as it possesses significant limitations and represents a vast class of real vehicles with application beyond the basic differential drive. The method presented accounts for limitations on both steering and speed. The efficacy of the technique is shown through simulation studies. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Stop 14A, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bishop@usna.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-8914-X J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2005 BP 4606 EP 4611 PG 6 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BDU48 UT WOS:000235460103170 ER PT S AU Parikh, SP Grassi, V Kumar, V Okamoto, J AF Parikh, SP Grassi, V Kumar, V Okamoto, J GP IEEE TI Usability study of a control framework for an intelligent wheelchair SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY APR 18-22, 2005 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE wheelchair navigation; smart wheelchairs; user evaluations; usability studies; wheelchair control AB We describe the development and assessment of a computer controlled wheelchair called the SMARTCHAIR. A shared control framework with different levels of autonomy allows the human operator to stay in complete control of the chair at each level while ensuring her safety. The framework incorporates deliberative motion plans or controllers, reactive behaviors, and human user inputs. At every instant in time, control inputs from these three different sources are blended continuously to provide a safe trajectory to the destination, while allowing the human to maintain control and safely override the autonomous behavior. In this paper, we present usability experiments with 50 participants and demonstrate quantitatively the benefits of human-robot augmentation. C1 USN Acad, Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM sparikh@usna.edu; vgrassi@grasp.cis.upenn.edu; kumar@grasp.cis.upenn.edu; jokamoto@usp.br OI Grassi Jr, Valdir/0000-0001-6753-139X NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-8914-X J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2005 BP 4745 EP 4750 PG 6 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BDU48 UT WOS:000235460103193 ER PT S AU Oaks, J Senior, K Largay, M Beard, R Buisson, J AF Oaks, J. Senior, K. Largay, M. Beard, R. Buisson, James GP IEEE TI NRL analysis of GPS on-orbit clocks SO 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID PHASE AB The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has collected data and analyzed GPS space vehicle atomic clock performance since the beginning of the GPS Program. These analyses have largely been based on pseudorange observations and precise post-fit ephemerides provided by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). Observational data and clock comparisons were limited to data collected within the GPS system due primarily to the lack of global tracking resources and effective means of gathering the data. With the successful conclusion of the International GPS Service (IGS) and Bureau International Poids and et Mesures (BIPM) Pilot Project, new capabilities to associate IGS geophysical data to Universal Coordinated Time (UTC), and integration of timing centers to contribute to the determination of UTC are evolving. Data collection from participating timing centers and analysis to form the IGS timescales and Clock Products has established new capabilities for analysis of orbiting precision atomic clocks. NRL leads the IGS Clock Products Working Group and generates the IGS timescales. These efforts joined together with the GPS on-orbit analyses offer new possibilities for analysis and improved performance for both GPS and IGS. This paper will discuss these new resources for analysis and possible improved analytical capabilities. C1 USN, Res Lab, Space Applicat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oaks, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Space Applicat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573896 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500002 ER PT S AU Crane, S Ekstrom, CR AF Crane, Scott Ekstrom, Chrisopher R. GP IEEE TI Nonmagnetic UHV optical viewports SO 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA AB Many atomic physics and frequency metrology applications require nonmagnetic optical viewports for ultra high vacuum (UHV) chambers. We have refined two techniques for producing specialized URV optical viewports. The first is a weld-in window cell made by brazing an optical blank into a thin weld collar. The second is a mechanical sealing method that relies on crushing a series of thin copper knife-edges. C1 USN Observ, Time Serv Dept, Clock Dev Div, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Crane, S (reprint author), USN Observ, Time Serv Dept, Clock Dev Div, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 297 EP 300 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573947 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500053 ER PT S AU Crane, S Peil, S Ekstrom, CR AF Crane, Scott Peil, Steven Ekstrom, Chrisopher R. GP IEEE TI Miniaturized atomic fountain optical table SO 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA AB Using commercially available components at a cost comparable to conventional free-space optics, we have bunt a miniaturized version of the optical setup for an atomic fountain that fits onto a 40 cm by 55 cm rack-mounted breadboard. With this system, light from an input fiber is split into ten fiber-coupled output beams: two frequency-tunable sets of three collection/launching beams, beams for repumping and detection, and two diagnostic beams. The output fibers deliver the laser light to integrated optical couplers that bolt directly to the atomic-fountain vacuum chamber [1]. Approximately 30% of the light from the input fiber is available for the experiment. C1 USN Observ, Time Serv Dept, Clock Dev Div, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Crane, S (reprint author), USN Observ, Time Serv Dept, Clock Dev Div, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 301 EP 303 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573948 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500054 ER PT S AU Peil, S Crane, S Swanson, TB Ekstrom, CR AF Peil, Steven Crane, Scott Swanson, Thomas B. Ekstrom, Christopher R. GP IEEE TI Design and preliminary characterization of the USNO rubidium fountain SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA AB We have built and begun characterization of an engineering prototype rubidium atomic fountain at the USNO for use in its clock ensemble. We achieve short-term stability of 1.4 square 10(-13)/square(1/2), which meets the desired performance for characterizing maser drift. We will discuss the design, operation, and preliminary characterization of this device. C1 USN Observ, Time Serv Dept, Clock Dev Div, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Peil, S (reprint author), USN Observ, Time Serv Dept, Clock Dev Div, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 2 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 304 EP 307 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573949 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500055 ER PT S AU Gross, R Melkers, R Melkers, R AF Gross, Rachel Melkers, Raimond Melkers, Raimond GP IEEE TI Clock management data analysis for satellite communications SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA AB The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has installed GPS-based timing systems in several Defense Satellite Communication System (DSCS-III) satellite communication facilities to support the Single Channel Transponder (SCT) program. The goal of these systems was to manage the satellite crystal oscillators to 25 microsecond accuracy and ground cesium clocks to 5 microsecond accuracy. A Windows-compatible computer program was written to facilitate the clock management of these oscillators. This paper will describe these systems, as well as give detailed data analysis of the time management for the satellite oscillators. C1 USN, Res Lab, Space Applicat, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gross, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Space Applicat, Code 8151, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gross@juno.nrl.navy.mil; titancorp.@direcway.com; titancorp@direcway.com NR 2 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 404 EP 410 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573966 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500072 ER PT S AU Senior, K Beard, R White, J AF Senior, K. Beard, R. White, J. GP IEEE TI CANVAS: Clock analysis, visualization, and archiving system a new software package for the efficient management of clock/oscillator data SO 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID FREQUENCY STABILITY AB Few software packages exist which address the particular needs of the time and frequency community in analyzing and simulating clocks or oscillators. None is open source. We offer the source code for a set of tools which aims to incorporate commonly used clock analysis and simulation algorithms. The goal of this release is to promote further development of the package by distributing the effort. C1 USN, Res Lab, Space Applicat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Senior, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Space Applicat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 623 EP 627 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574006 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500112 ER PT S AU Boehm, D Gross, R AF Boehm, Doug Gross, Rachel GP IEEE TI Remote frequency measurement of TV 5 rubidium SO 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA AB This paper describes a method for remotely measuring oscillator frequency using an easily accessible carrier signal. The measurement was based on a system currently used onsite to compare time at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) versus USNO via a remotely accessible system. In our case, we are interested in characteristics of the remote system itself. The Washington DC Channel 5 TV station stabilizes the tenth frame of their color sub carrier frequency to a 1PPS signal from USNO with a rubidium oscillator. By performing a high accuracy phase comparison of the 2250 Hz TV5 signal to the 2250 Hz: of our local house maser, we can determine the frequency drift of the TV5 rubidium oscillator in real time, to a few parts in 1010 to 1011. A Windows-compatible computer program was written to facilitate this process. Due to the measured drift, the oscillator will be physically adjusted according to our recommendation during a trip to the TV 5 station this summer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Space Applicat, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boehm, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Space Applicat, Code 8151, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 636 EP 638 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574008 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500114 ER PT S AU Skinner, J Koppang, P Johns, D AF Skinner, Jim Koppang, Paul Johns, David GP IEEE TI Robust control of frequency standards in the presence of systematic disturbances SO 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA AB Frequency steer limits are important aspects that influence the overall response and design of a robust control system. We study the effects that frequency steer limits have on the response of a control system when underlying components of the system have undergone non-stochastic perturbations. Examples of the disturbances include environmental changes and hardware anomalies. Additionally, we attempt to find a balance between the performance of the control system and the robustness of maintaining parameter limits in the presence of outlying events. Performance of design strategies are evaluated utilizing both simulated and archived measured data. C1 USN Observ, Time Serv Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Skinner, J (reprint author), USN Observ, Time Serv Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 639 EP 641 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574009 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500115 ER PT S AU Duncan, SR Gregers-Hansen, V McConnell, JP AF Duncan, SR Gregers-Hansen, V McConnell, JP GP IEEE TI A stacked analog-to-digital converter providing 100 dB of dynamic range SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR, CONFERENCE RECORD SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 09-12, 2005 CL Arlington, VA SP Natl Capital Area Council, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, RADAR Syst Panel, IEE AB The dynamic range requirements of a modem radar system far exceed the dynamic range attainable with available ADC technology. Traditional ways of overcoming these dynamic range limitations, including STC, AGC, and IF limiting, have serious drawbacks. The Stacked ADC concept was developed to address the dynamic range limitations without the drawbacks of the traditional mitigation techniques. To demonstrate the concept, an experimental system based on the concept was built and tested. The resulting system demonstrated a dynamic range improvement over COTS ADCs of 30 dB, providing a total dynamic range of 100 dB. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Duncan, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-8881-X J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2005 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BCR36 UT WOS:000230903000007 ER PT S AU Blunt, SD Gerlach, K AF Blunt, SD Gerlach, K GP IEEE TI Aspects of multistatic adaptive pulse compression SO 2005 IEEE International Radar, Conference Record SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 09-12, 2005 CL Arlington, VA SP Natl Capital Area Council, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, RADAR Syst Panel, IEE DE multistatic radar; MMSE; Doppler mismatch AB It is well known that two or more radars operating in close proximity, at the same time, and in the same spectrum can severely interfere with one another despite the use of low cross-correlation waveforms. Recently, an approach was proposed called Multistatic Adaptive Pulse Compression (MAPC) based on a Minimum Mean-Square Error (MMSE) formulation which has been shown to suppress both range sidelobes and cross-correlation ambiguities to the level of the noise. This paper examines the performance of the MAPC approach under the effects of Doppler mismatch. It is demonstrated that for relatively high Doppler the MAPC approach experiences some Doppler-induced sidelobes around large targets yet is still substantially superior to the standard matched filter. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-8881-X J9 RADAR CONF PY 2005 BP 104 EP 108 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BCR36 UT WOS:000230903000020 ER PT S AU Daniels, RC Gregers-Hansen, V AF Daniels, RC Gregers-Hansen, V GP IEEE TI Code inverse filtering for complete sidelobe removal in binary phase coded pulse compression systems SO 2005 IEEE International Radar, Conference Record SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 09-12, 2005 CL Arlington, VA SP Natl Capital Area Council, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, RADAR Syst Panel, IEE DE radar signals; pulse compression; binary codes; range sidelobes; inverse filtering ID BARKER CODES; SUPPRESSION AB Pulse compression is used in radar systems to improve range resolution while maintaining a high duty cycle. In addition to practical implementation constraints, the key issues for the selection of a pulse-compression waveform are mismatch loss, peak/integrated range sidelobes, and Doppler tolerance. While much progress has been made in the design of nonlinear frequency modulated (FM) chirp waveforms satisfying these requirements, the corresponding performance for binary phase-coded waveforms is often inadequate. In order to improve the range sidelobes achieved with phase-coded waveforms, specially designed mismatched pulse compression filters can be used. Several such approaches have been described in the literature since 1959. This paper will review these techniques and highlight a particular approach using infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, which has received little attention in the past. Using this technique the performance for a number of binary phase codes of different length have been determined and their Doppler tolerance is investigated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Daniels, RC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-8881-X J9 RADAR CONF PY 2005 BP 256 EP 261 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BCR36 UT WOS:000230903000048 ER PT S AU Chen, VC AF Chen, VC GP IEEE TI Spatial and temporal independent component analysis of micro-doppler features SO 2005 IEEE International Radar, Conference Record SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 09-12, 2005 CL Arlington, VA SP Natl Capital Area Council, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, RADAR Syst Panel, IEE DE radar micro-Doppler; feature extraction; independent component analysis AB Micro-Doppler features can be regarded as a unique signature of an object with movements and provide additional information for classification, recognition and identification of the object. Independent component analysis (ICA) can decompose micro-Doppler features into independent basis functions that represent salient physical movement attributes of the object. To study ICA of micro-Doppler features, we used a dataset generated by simulation of radar returned signals from rotating objects and tumbling objects. Fast ICA algorithm was used in our study to decompose micro-Doppler features into a set of spatial and temporal independent components. Spatial characteristics of the independent components combined with the corresponding temporal characteristics can be used to improve performance of classification, recognition and identification. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5311,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-8881-X J9 RADAR CONF PY 2005 BP 348 EP 353 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BCR36 UT WOS:000230903000065 ER PT S AU Gray, JE AF Gray, JE GP IEEE TI A common basis for analytical clutter representations SO 2005 IEEE International Radar, Conference Record SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 09-12, 2005 CL Arlington, VA SP Natl Capital Area Council, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, RADAR Syst Panel, IEE DE analytical clutter model; probability density function; phase noise AB In order to understand the problems intractable problems nature presents us, we are forced to make simplifications till we arrive at simple analytical models that we are capable of understanding. Such canonical models are rare, but useful as tools for constructing more realistic models that we can use analyze nature. The class of analytical models for clutter analysis limited to those that consist of various amplitude models with the phase noise assumed to have a probability density function that is uniformly distributed. These analytical models can be extended by relaxing the assumption of uniform phase noise to phase noise with non-uniform distributions. It is shown how to determine the probability density function for these non-uniform distributions in general and then the method is illustrated with such distributions as Gaussian, Laplacian, and Chi-squared. This enables one to determine the probability density functions of the individual components of clutter model such as (x) over cap (t) = (v) over cap (t) cos((phi) over cap (c)). Using the rule for determining the products of distributions, we show that the functional form for (x) over cap (t) is reduced to evaluating integrals that reduce to elliptical functions. Once the functional form has been determined, it is easy to determine the moments of the PDF and hence completely characterize its statistics. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code B-10, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-8881-X J9 RADAR CONF PY 2005 BP 365 EP 370 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BCR36 UT WOS:000230903000068 ER PT S AU Blunt, SD Gerlach, K AF Blunt, SD Gerlach, K GP IEEE TI Adaptive pulse compression repair processing SO 2005 IEEE International Radar, Conference Record SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 09-12, 2005 CL Arlington, VA SP Natl Capital Area Council, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, RADAR Syst Panel, IEE DE pulse compression; MMSE; Doppler mismatch; in-service radar systems ID FILTERS AB It is well known that the standard matched filter used in radar pulse compression generates range sidelobes in the vicinity of large targets which can result in the masking of smaller nearby targets. Recently, Pulse Compression Repair (PCR) was proposed as a means of suppressing the range sidelobes after matched filtering has taken place. This is especially applicable to in-service radar systems, where one may not have access to the received signal prior to standard pulse compression or where it may not be feasible to replace the current pulse-compression system. The PCR algorithm adaptively operates on the output of the standard matched filter, thereby treating the autocorrelation of the received waveform as if it were the transmitted waveform. This paper examines the effects of the Doppler mismatch on the PCR algorithm in which the resulting correlation between the transmitted waveform. and the Doppler-shifted received waveform. is mismatched to the waveform. autocorrelation. It is shown that PCR degrades gracefully as Doppler mismatch increases, even in dense target scenarios. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-8881-X J9 RADAR CONF PY 2005 BP 519 EP 523 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BCR36 UT WOS:000230903000096 ER PT S AU Therrien, CW AF Therrien, CW GP IEEE TI The missing observations theorem and a new proof of Levinson's recursion SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (ISCAS), VOLS 1-6, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) CY MAY 23-26, 2005 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Sci Council Japan, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Informat Proc Soc Japan AB A principle of linear mean-square estimation which we call the "missing observations theorem" is presented here and used to provide a simple alternative derivation of Levinson's recursion. The derivation leads directly to the lattice form of the prediction error filter and avoids cumbersome matrix partitioning methods typically used in the derivation of the Levinson algorithm. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Therrien, CW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM therrien@nps.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0271-4302 BN 0-7803-8834-8 J9 IEEE INT SYMP CIRC S PY 2005 BP 2307 EP 2308 DI 10.1109/ISCAS.2005.1465085 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCZ06 UT WOS:000232002402100 ER PT S AU Therrien, CW AF Therrien, CW GP IEEE TI Defining correlation functions and power spectra for multirate random processes SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (ISCAS), VOLS 1-6, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) CY MAY 23-26, 2005 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Sci Council Japan, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Informat Proc Soc Japan AB This paper proposes a representation for the time-lag cross-correlation function of two random processes sampled at different rates and its related cross-power density spectrum, using the theory of lattices. The representation of autocorrelation and the (auto)power spectral density function then follows directly. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Therrien, CW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM therrien@nps.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0271-4302 BN 0-7803-8834-8 J9 IEEE INT SYMP CIRC S PY 2005 BP 6010 EP 6013 DI 10.1109/ISCAS.2005.1466009 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCZ06 UT WOS:000232002405165 ER PT B AU Trafton, JG Schultz, AC Bugajska, M Mintz, F AF Trafton, JG Schultz, AC Bugajska, M Mintz, F GP IEEE TI Perspective-taking with robots: Experiments and models SO 2005 IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication CY AUG 13-15, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP IEEE Ind Elect Sovc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Rotot Soc Japan, NTF, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc AB We suggest that to enable effective human-robot interaction, robots should be able to interact in a way that is natural to and preferred by humans. Using human-compatible representations and reasoning mechanisms should help in developing skills which support effective human-robot interaction. In this paper, we present two studies that examine a critical human-robot-interaction component: perspective-taking. We find that when a person asks a robot to perform a task with some ambiguity to the robot, the person prefers the robot to either ask for clarification or take the person's perspective and act appropriately. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trafton, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5515, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9274-4 PY 2005 BP 580 EP 584 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BDM80 UT WOS:000234339400096 ER PT S AU Cooke, SJ Levush, B AF Cooke, SJ Levush, B GP IEEE TI Rapid 3-D electromagnetic simulation of quasi-periodic structures SO 2005 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 11-17, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Technol Soc DE coupled mode analysis; electromagnetic propagation; mode matching methods; reduced order systems; waveguides AB We describe a new 3-D electromagnetic simulation technique capable of fast, accurate modeling of complex cavity/waveguide structures. The method subdivides the structure into sections that can be analyzed independently, using 3-D finite element modeling, then reassembled to compute a reduced-order matrix representation of Maxwell's equations. Eigensolutions of the reduced order matrix equations correspond to eigenmodes of the complete 3-D structure, but total solution time can be orders of magnitude less than direct simulation for large complex structures. We demonstrate the method using examples in both 2-D and 3-D, having up to 50 cavities with non-uniform properties. The technique is shown to be numerically robust, even when strong losses exist in the system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-8845-3 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2005 BP 59 EP 62 DI 10.1109/MWSYM.2005.1516520 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDO34 UT WOS:000234561200014 ER PT S AU Jachowski, DR AF Jachowski, DR GP IEEE TI Compact, frequency-agile, absorptive bandstop filters SO 2005 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 11-17, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Technol Soc AB Two new absorptive bandstop filter circuit topologies are introduced. The preferred topology is analyzed and its advantages over traditional approaches quantified. A corresponding varactor-tuned microstrip absorptive bandstop filter is described and its unique ability to maintain its attenuation while tuning across a broad frequency range using only resonant frequency tuning is demonstrated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jachowski, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-8845-3 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2005 BP 513 EP 516 DI 10.1109/MWSYM.2005.1516645 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDO34 UT WOS:000234561200118 ER PT S AU Wulf, EA Phlips, BF Kurfess, JD Novikova, EI Fitzgerald, CA AF Wulf, Eric A. Phlips, Bernard F. Kurfess, James D. Novikova, Elena I. Fitzgerald, Carrie A. BE Yu, B TI A silicon Compton imager SO 2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 23-29, 2005 CL Fajardo, PR SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA Saclay, DOE, CERN, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Univ Calif Davis, Univ Washington DE Compton imager; silicon; PET ID GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY; TELESCOPE AB A Compton imager has been constructed using arrays of detectors with active areas of 11.4 x 11.4 cm(2). These arrays are stacked 8 layers deep. 32-channel analog ASICs are used to read-out the arrays. This imager is a prototype for a large, high-efficiency Compton imager that will meet operational requirements of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. The instrument created Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images of Multiple Na-22 sources within its field of view. The image of a 1 mm point source had a measured Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) of 1.25 mm or an intrinsic resolution of 0.75 mm. Using a known source position and partial energy deposition in the Compton imager, the initial gamma-ray energy was reconstructed. The energy resolution was 43 keV FWHM at 662 keV and 83 keV FHWM at 1173 keV. The resolution is dominated by the readout electronics resolution and will be improved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wulf, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-9221-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2005 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BFH22 UT WOS:000241851900001 ER PT S AU Ampe, J Chekhtman, A Dizon, PV Grove, JE Johnson, WN Leas, BE Raynor, WC Sandora, DP Strickman, MS AF Ampe, J. Chekhtman, A. Dizon, P. V. Grove, J. E. Johnson, W. N. Leas, B. E. Raynor, W. C. Sandora, D. P. Strickman, M. S. BE Yu, B TI Production, calibration and environmental testing of the flight modules of GLAST CsI calorimeter SO 2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 23-29, 2005 CL Fajardo, PR SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA Saclay, DOE, CERN, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Univ Calif Davis, Univ Washington AB The full set of 16 flight GLAST Cst calorimeter Modules, as well as two flight-spare Modules, were assembled in 2004-2005. Each Module contains 96 CsI crystals supported by a carbon fiber composite structure and read out from both ends with silicon PIN photodiodes to provide the position measurement along the crystal. Signals from the array of photodiodes are processed by custom analog ASICs and commercial ADCs. After assembly, each Module underwent a full environmental test program - including EM interference and compatibility., vibration, and thermal-vacuum test - to flight-acceptance levels. The functional performance of each Module was verified before and after each test, and calibration with cosmic moons and charge injection was performed throughout the test sequence. All 18 Modules showed stable functioning over the few months of the assembly and test program. None of the 1728 crystals experienced mechanical or optical degradation. Integration of the calorimeter Modules with the other detector and electronics subsystems into the complete Large Area Telescope began at SLAC in April 2005 and is scheduled for completion early in 2006. In this paper we present the results of calorimeter modules calibration and testing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Praxis Inc, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ampe, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Praxis Inc, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-9221-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2005 BP 201 EP 205 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BFH22 UT WOS:000241851900042 ER PT S AU Novikova, EI Wulf, EA Phlips, BF Kurfess, JD Zoglauer, A Weidenspointner, G Kippen, RM AF Novikova, Elena I. Wulf, Eric A. Phlips, Bernard F. Kurfess, James D. Zoglauer, Andreas Weidenspointner, Georg Kippen, R. Marc BE Yu, B TI Simulations of a Si-based Advanced Compton Telescope SO 2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 23-29, 2005 CL Fajardo, PR SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA Saclay, DOE, CERN, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Univ Calif Davis, Univ Washington ID GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY; MONTE-CARLO SUITE; BACKGROUNDS; MGGPOD AB Extensive simulations of a silicon-based concept for Advanced Compton Telescope (ACT) are performed using MGGPOD and GEANT4 Monte Carlo packages, and MEGAlib event reconstruction and imaging package (using multiple Compton technique). Special attention is given to the sensitivity of the telescope at the broadened 847 keV 56Co line, which is important for the understanding of the nature of Type la supernovae, the objects used as standard candles for measurement of cosmological distances, and thus playing an important role in answering some fundamental questions about the Universe. Backgrounds for the Low Earth Orbit of 550 km and 80 inclination, and the High Earth Orbit of about 40,000 km are modeled, and sensitivity estimates, as well as some other characteristics, are obtained for three Si-based mass models. The Silicon Compton imager concept is proven as a high sensitivity gamma-ray instrument providing excellent spectral and imaging capabilities, and a good candidate for NASA's next generation gamma-ray telescope. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Novikova, EI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-9221-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2005 BP 985 EP 989 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BFH22 UT WOS:000241851901083 ER PT S AU Phlips, BF Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Stahlbush, RE Das, MK Hull, BA De Geronimo, G O'Connor, P AF Phlips, Bernard F. Hobart, Karl D. Kub, Francis J. Stahlbush, Robert E. Das, Mrinal K. Hull, Brett A. De Geronimo, Gianluigi O'Connor, Paul BE Yu, B TI Silicon Carbide PIN diodes as radiation detectors SO 2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 23-29, 2005 CL Fajardo, PR SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA Saclay, DOE, CERN, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Univ Calif Davis, Univ Washington AB We have tested the radiation detection performance of Silicon Carbide (SiC) PiN diodes originally developed as high power diodes. These devices consist of 100 micron thick 4H-SiC grown epitaxially on SiC substrates. We measured the absolute charge generated by X-rays per keV in SiC by comparing the charge generation with similar silicon devices and determined the energy required per electron hole pair in SiC to be 7.6 eV. Small devices with a diameter of I rum were tested and produced spectra with a room temperature energy resolution of similar to 550 eV at 60 keV, which is consistent with the electronics limit for the capacitance of the device. This allowed us to put an upper limit to the Fano factor of 0.04. We also performed radiation damage tests on these devices and found no significant loss in charge collection up to a photon dose of 100 MRad. Applications for these devices can be found in the fields of particle physics, nuclear physics, nuclear medicine, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray astronomy and X-ray navigation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phlips, BF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-9221-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2005 BP 1236 EP 1239 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BFH22 UT WOS:000241851902004 ER PT S AU Phlips, BF Kurfess, JD Kub, FJ Hobart, KD AF Phlips, Bernard F. Kurfess, James D. Kub, Francis J. Hobart, Karl D. BE Yu, B TI Thick position-sensitive silicon detectors using a wafer bonding technique SO 2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 23-29, 2005 CL Fajardo, PR SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA Saclay, DOE, CERN, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Univ Calif Davis, Univ Washington AB We have shown that a wafer-bonded silicon power transistor, consisting of two thin device wafers bonded onto either side of a 2 mm-thick high-resistivity silicon wafer, functions as an X-ray detector. The hydrophobic bonding process was performed at 400 C. This low temperature wafer bonding technique should enable the development of large-area, position-sensitive detectors, using thick, high-resistivity intrinsic silicon bonded to thin readout wafers fabricated using conventional CMOS technology. These devices should enable fabrication of thicker intrinsic silicon detectors than currently available. Thick, position-sensitive detectors based on double-sided strip detectors and pixellated detectors will be possible. Applications for such detectors include x-ray and gamma-ray astrophysics, nuclear medicine, nuclear physics, and homeland defense. We present initial results obtained with devices made using this wafer bonding process. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phlips, BF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-9221-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2005 BP 1412 EP 1415 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BFH22 UT WOS:000241851902046 ER PT B AU Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Gai, W Jing, C Konecny, R Power, JG Nantista, CD Tantawi, SG Chen, H Hu, Y Lin, Y Tang, C AF Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Gai, W Jing, C Konecny, R Power, JG Nantista, CD Tantawi, SG Chen, H Hu, Y Lin, Y Tang, C GP IEEE TI Development of a 20-MEV dielectric-loaded accelerator test facility SO 2005 IEEE PARTICLE ACCELERATOR CONFERENCE (PAC), VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC) CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP IEEE AB This paper presents a progress report on a joint project by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), in collaboration with the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), to develop a dielectric-loaded accelerator (DLA) test facility powered by a high-power 11.424-GHz magnicon amplifier. The magnicon can presently produce 25 MW of output power in a 200-ns pulse at 10 Hz, and efforts are in progress to increase this to 50 MW. The facility will include a 5-MeV electron injector that was developed by the Accelerator Laboratory of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. The DLA test structures are being developed by ANL, and some have undergone testing at NRL at gradients up to similar to 8 MV/m. SLAC is developing a means to combine the two magnicon output arms, and to drive an injector and accelerator with separate control of the power ratio and relative phase. The installation and testing of the first dielectric-loaded test accelerator, including injector, DLA structure, and spectrometer, should take place within the next year. The initial goal is to produce a compact 20-MeV dielectric-loaded test accelerator. C1 NRL, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gold, SH (reprint author), NRL, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8859-3 J9 IEEE PART ACC CONF PY 2005 BP 2795 EP 2797 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDV94 UT WOS:000235745202188 ER PT S AU Prokopuk, N Son, KA George, T Moon, JS AF Prokopuk, N Son, KA George, T Moon, JS GP IEEE TI Development of GaN-based micro chemical sensor nodes SO 2005 IEEE SENSORS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Conference on Sensors CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2005 CL Irvine, CA SP IEEE Sensors Council ID PIEZOELECTRIC POLARIZATION; ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES; TRANSISTORS; HEMT AB Sensors based on III-N technology are gaining significant. interest due to their potential for monolithic integration of RF transceivers and light sources and the capability of high temperature operations. We are developing a GaN-based micro chemical sensor node for remote detection of chemical toxins, and present electrical responses of AlGaN/GaN HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) sensors to chemical toxins as well as other common gases. Upon exposure to a chemical toxin, the sensor showed immediate increase in source-drain current (I(ds)). The electrical response of the sensor was clear, reproducible and characteristic of the concentration of the analyte. This is the first time that electrical responses of chemical toxins are measured with a GaN-based microsensor. Detailed analysis on response time, sensitivity and temperature dependence will be discussed. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Prokopuk, N (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM nicholas.prokopuk@navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 0-7803-9056-3 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2005 BP 199 EP 202 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BEE80 UT WOS:000237003500049 ER PT B AU Kirsteins, IP AF Kirsteins, Ivars P. GP IEEE TI Scale-invariant detection by a ratio of generalized variances SO 2005 IEEE/SP 13TH WORKSHOP ON STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (SSP), VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing CY JUL 17-20, 2005 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP IEEE AB Motivated by the problem of designing a scale-invariant or self-normalizing test for detecting a multi-rank signal embedded in interference when no signal-free secondary data is available, a scale-invariant test based on a ratio of Generalized variances is proposed in this paper. Computer simulations show that the prototype test works well. Remarkably, it is shown that the new ratio of generalized variances test can be interpreted as a ratio of the determinants of Wiener filter error covariance matrices, and in the case of a rank-1 signal, the new method is equivalent to a normalized version of Capon's method. C1 USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Kirsteins, IP (reprint author), USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9403-8 PY 2005 BP 574 EP 579 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BEU24 UT WOS:000239515900103 ER PT B AU Roodbeen, S AF Roodbeen, S BE Thompson, C Hexmoor, H TI CSIA: A basis for constructing agent brains SO 2005 International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-Agent Systems: KIMAS'05: MODELING, EXPLORATION, AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-Agent Systems CY APR 18-21, 2005 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, INNS, USAF, USA, USN, DARPA AB A new artificial neuron and related neural network learning algorithm, Component Sum Interval Analysis (CSIA) is introduced. The basics and Unique features of this algorithm are discussed to include numerical examples. Additionally, CSIA is shown to be directly related to the field of Artificial Intelligence. Finally, the connection between CSIA and software agents, particularly the use of such agents to train CSIA based Artificial Neural Networks and as a basis for agent brains, is proposed. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Roodbeen, S (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9013-X PY 2005 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCH08 UT WOS:000229256300003 ER PT B AU Kang, MH Moskowitz, IS Chincheck, S AF Kang, MH Moskowitz, IS Chincheck, S BE Cantarella, JD TI The pump: A decade of covert fun SO 21st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference CY DEC 05-09, 2005 CL Tucson, AZ SP Appl Comp Secur Assoc, IEEE Comp Soc AB This paper traces the ten plus year history of the Naval Research Laboratory's Pump idea. The Pump was theorized, designed, and built at the Naval Research Laboratory's Center for High Assurance Computer Systems. The reason for the Pump is the need to send messages from a "Low" enclave to a "High" enclave, in a secure and reliable manner. In particular, the Pump was designed to minimize the covert channel threat from the necessary message acknowledgements, without penalizing system performance and reliability. We review the need for the Pump, the design of the Pump, the variants of the Pump, and the current status of the Pump, along with manufacturing and certification difficulties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kang, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2461-3 PY 2005 BP 318 EP 324 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDU86 UT WOS:000235517800033 ER PT B AU Crawford, CG AF Crawford, Carol G. BE Malpica, F Welsch, F Tremante, A Lawler, J TI "6 steps to successful, interactive math WEB design - An innovative Real World Calculus Laboratory designed with Java for the United States Naval Academy" SO 3rd International Conference on Education and Information Systems: Technologies and Applications, Vol 1, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Education and Information Systems CY JUL 14-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & Syst, Int Federat Syst Res DE higher education; WEB design; calculus; laboratory; steps; interactive; JAVA; Internet-based teaching AB The author presents "6 Steps" to help in the design of an effective, interactive mathematics resource for higher education. These steps reflect her work with Dr. Mark Meyerson in the creation of an innovative, online Real World Calculus Laboratory for the 3-semester Calculus sequence taken by all midshipmen at The United States Naval Academy. The Curriculum Development Program at the Academy funded the research for this two-year design project. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-980-6560-33-8 PY 2005 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BFQ04 UT WOS:000243711100047 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Martinez, T Andrews, J Wilcox, CC Santiago, F Teare, SW Payne, DM AF Restaino, Sergio R. Martinez, Ty Andrews, Jonathan Wilcox, Christopher C. Santiago, Freddie Teare, Scott W. Payne, Don M. BE Jiang, WH TI MEMs and LC for compact AO systems - art. no. 601818 SO 5th International Workshop on Adaptive Optics for Industry and Medicine SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Adaptive Optics for Industry and Medicine CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Acad Engn, CAS, Inst Opt & Elect, CAS, Ctr Int Sci Exchanges, Capital Univ Med Sci, Beijing Tongren Eye Ctr ID CRYSTAL PHASE MODULATOR; ADAPTIVE-OPTICS SYSTEM; LIGHT; PERFORMANCE AB In this paper we present results using a compact, portable adaptive optics system. Such compact systems are possible thanks to the use of new technologies based on Micro-Electro-Machined deformable mirrors and liquid crystals devices among other possible technologies. In the paper we will illustrate our experience with such devices; we will address the pros and cons of such approach, some experimental results and new trends for future tests. C1 USN, Res Lab, AFRL DE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, AFRL DE, Code 7215, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. OI Wilcox, Christopher/0000-0001-5413-1901 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6042-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 6018 BP 1818 EP 1818 AR 601818 DI 10.1117/12.669377 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BEU93 UT WOS:000239567400044 ER PT S AU Wilcox, C Restaino, S Andrews, J Teare, S Krishna, S Payne, D AF Wilcox, Christopher Restaino, Sergio Andrews, Jonathan Teare, Scott Krishna, Sanjay Payne, Don BE Jiang, WH TI Merging wavefront corrective elements for adaptive optics applications: Experimental results - art. no. 601819 SO 5th International Workshop on Adaptive Optics for Industry and Medicine SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Adaptive Optics for Industry and Medicine CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Acad Engn, CAS, Inst Opt & Elect, CAS, Ctr Int Sci Exchanges, Capital Univ Med Sci, Beijing Tongren Eye Ctr AB In most adaptive optics systems, there are two elements that control wavefront correction. These are a tip/tilt platform and a deformable mirror. The tip/tilt platform can correct the lower order aberrations like piston, tip and tilt. The deformable mirror can correct the higher order aberrations like defocus, astigmatism, etc. By mounting the deformable mirror onto the tip/tilt platform, one corrective element is now used in the system, rather than two. This is made possible by the use of a lightweight MEMS deformable mirror, as traditional deformable mirrors tend to be quite large and bulky. Other advantages are that there is less overall optics and a simpler alignment process needed with this configuration. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wilcox, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7215,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Wilcox, Christopher/0000-0001-5413-1901 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6042-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 6018 BP 1819 EP 1819 AR 601819 DI 10.1117/12.669379 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BEU93 UT WOS:000239567400045 ER PT S AU Andrews, J Teare, S Restaino, S Wilcox, C Wick, D Xiao, H Schwiegerling, J AF Andrews, Jonathan Teare, Scott Restaino, Sergio Wilcox, Christopher Wick, David Xiao, Hai Schwiegerling, Jim BE Jiang, WH TI Dynamic aberration control testbed for the characterization of multiple wavefront sensors - art. no. 60180R SO 5th International Workshop on Adaptive Optics for Industry and Medicine SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Adaptive Optics for Industry and Medicine CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Acad Engn, CAS, Inst Opt & Elect, CAS, Ctr Int Sci Exchanges, Capital Univ Med Sci, Beijing Tongren Eye Ctr DE adaptive optics; wavefront sensing; wavefront comparison; interferometry; Shack-Hartmann; Phase Diversity; wavefront correction AB An optical testbed has been developed for the comparative analysis of wavefront sensors based on a modified Mach Zender interferometer design. This system provides simultaneous measurements of the wavefront sensors on the same camera by using a common aberrator. The initial application for this testbed was to evaluate a Shack-Hartmann and Phase Diversity wavefront sensors referenced to a Mach-Zender interferometer. This testbed has the added benefit of being able to train the deformable mirror against the spatial light modulator and evaluate its ability to compensate the spatial light modulator. In the paper we present some results from the wavefront sensors along with preliminary results from the wavefront corrective elements in the optical testbed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Andrews, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7215 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Wilcox, Christopher/0000-0001-5413-1901 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6042-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 6018 BP R180 EP R180 AR 60180R DI 10.1117/12.669291 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BEU93 UT WOS:000239567400027 ER PT B AU Gray, PJ El Gaidi, K Kenny, R AF Gray, PJ El Gaidi, K Kenny, R BE Pudlowski, ZJ TI An assessment of innovation capabilities and student learning in project-based courses SO 8TH UICEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING EDUCATION, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: BRINGING ENGINEERING EDUCATORS TOGETHER SE MONASH ENGINEERING EDUCATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th UICEE Annual Conference on Engineering Education CY FEB 07-11, 2005 CL Kingston, JAMAICA SP UNESCO Int Ctr Engn Educ AB In this paper, the authors identify selected assessment methods for use in design courses and give example of how they are applied in the engineering programmes of six major universities. The authors briefly describe the goals and learning objectives of design courses, the key skills addressed in projects and the assessment methods currently being utilised, including the CDIO (Conceive-Design-Implement-Operation) project learning assessment model. Special emphasis is given to creativity and innovation capabilities, the peer assessment of technical contributions and teamwork collaboration, the ratings of oral presentations and written documentation, product and laboratory performance assessments, as well as student interviews. The authors conclude with the lessons learned. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Gray, PJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UICEE, FACULTY ENGINEERING PI CLAYTON PA MONASH UNIVERSITY, CLAYTON, MELBOURNE VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA BN 0-7326-2275-1 J9 MONAS ENGN EDUC SER PY 2005 BP 318 EP 320 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BBR69 UT WOS:000227467200067 ER PT B AU Gray, PJ Boden, D AF Gray, PJ Boden, D BE Pudlowski, ZJ Cwilewicz, R Lisowski, J TI CDIO: its adoption and assessment at the US Naval Academy SO 9TH BALTIC REGION SEMINAR ON ENGINEERING EDUCATION, SEMINAR PROCEEDINGS SE MONASH ENGINEERING EDUCATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Baltic Region Seminar on Engineering Education CY JUN 17-20, 2005 CL Gdynia Maritime Univ, Gdynia, POLAND SP Monash Univ, UNESCO, Int Ctr Engn Educ HO Gdynia Maritime Univ AB The Conceive-Design-Implement-Operate (CDIO) engineering educational strategy has been adopted by a number of universities in the USA, Europe, Canada, South Africa, Asia and the South Pacific. These universities are using CDIO as the framework for undergraduate engineering curricular planning and outcomes-based assessment. The CDIO initiative's goal is to educate future engineers in the fundamentals of engineering skills within the context of conceiving, designing, implementing and operating products and systems. The Aerospace Engineering Department at the United States Naval Academy joined the CDIO initiative in July 2003. The Naval Academy already emphasised many of the skills in the CDIO Syllabus, such as ethics, leadership, teamwork, systems thinking and communications, which are part of design-build projects - integral components of a CDIO programme. What was lacking was the overall framework for developing a curriculum consistent with the Department's goals and one that could be used to guide outcomes assessment. The CDIO initiative provides the Department with the overall framework and assessment tools considered necessary for the successful development and continuous improvement of the Department's programme. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Gray, PJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UICEE, FACULTY ENGINEERING PI CLAYTON PA MONASH UNIVERSITY, CLAYTON, MELBOURNE VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA BN 0-7326-2279-4 J9 MONAS ENGN EDUC SER PY 2005 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BCS48 UT WOS:000231045800004 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR AF Deschamps, JR TI The role of crystallography in drug design SO AAPS JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE structure; absolute configuration; opioid; pharmacophore; X-ray diffraction ID DMT-TIC PHARMACOPHORE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; OPIOID PEPTIDE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; HIGHLY POTENT; H-1-NMR DATA; BETA-SHEET; GLY-PHE; RECEPTOR C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Struct Matter, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Struct Matter, Code 6030,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM deschamps@nrl.navy.mil NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTISTS PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1650 KING ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2747 USA SN 1550-7416 J9 AAPS J PY 2005 VL 7 IS 4 BP E813 EP E819 DI 10.1208/aapsj070478 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 007SZ UT WOS:000234991300003 PM 16594633 ER PT S AU Julier, SJ Uhlmann, JK AF Julier, SJ Uhlmann, JK GP IEEE TI Fusion of time delayed measurements with uncertain time delays SO ACC: Proceedings of the 2005 American Control Conference, Vols 1-7 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2005 (ACC) CY JUN 08-10, 2005 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, AIAA, AIChE, AIST, ASCE, ASME, IEEE, ISA, SCS AB In this paper we consider the problem of estimating the state of a dynamic system from a sequence of observations that are imprecisely timestamped. We argue that this problem can he addressed using the Covariance Union (CU) technique, and we demonstrate its application in a particular example. C1 USN, Res Lab, ITT, AES, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Julier, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ITT, AES, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-9098-9 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2005 BP 4028 EP 4033 DI 10.1109/ACC.2005.1470607 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BCY93 UT WOS:000231947705055 ER PT S AU O'Brien, RT Watkins, JM AF O'Brien, RT Watkins, JM GP IEEE TI A unified procedure for discrete-time root locus and bode design SO ACC: Proceedings of the 2005 American Control Conference, Vols 1-7 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2005 (ACC) CY JUN 08-10, 2005 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, AIAA, AIChE, AIST, ASCE, ASME, IEEE, ISA, SCS ID US AB As an alternative to the numerous distinct controller design algorithms in discrete-time textbooks, a simple, unified design approach is presented for all standard discrete-time, classical compensators independent of the form of the system information. This approach is based on a simple root locus design procedure for a proportional-derivative (PD) compensator. From this procedure, design procedures for discrete-time lead, proportional-integral (PI), lag, proportional-integral-derivative (PID), and PI-lead compensators are developed. With this proposed approach, students can concentrate on the larger control system design issues, such as compensator selection and closed-loop performance, rather than the intricacies of a particular design procedure. To demonstrate this approach, an example of a lead design from a digital control system laboratory is presented. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP O'Brien, RT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-9098-9 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2005 BP 4935 EP 4940 DI 10.1109/ACC.2005.1470777 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BCY93 UT WOS:000231947706086 ER PT S AU Breaux, N AF Breaux, N BE Masten, MK Stockum, LA TI Position weighted time delay of arrival (TDOA) algorithm SO Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing XIX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing XIX CY MAR 29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE TDOA; time delay of arrival; multilateration; DOP; dilution of precision AB An algorithm for solving the simultaneous hyperbolic equations that arise in multilateration using time difference of arrival measurements (TDOA) is presented. This weighted, non-iterative algorithm is able to reduce error by more than 50% over unweighted variations of the algorithm. This algorithm was developed for use in a passive multistatic sensor network. By using low gain antennas and TDOA, we are able to provide platforms with situational awareness while maintaining a low RCS. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Breaux, N (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5795-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5810 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.604446 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Optics GA BCU82 UT WOS:000231338400007 ER PT J AU Anum, D Sedegah, M Dodoo, D Koram, K Kumar, S Rogers, W Akanmori, B AF Anum, D. Sedegah, M. Dodoo, D. Koram, K. Kumar, S. Rogers, W. Akanmori, B. TI An interferon gamma elispot assay for quantitation of T-cell responses against pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine candidate antigens [MIM-DA-143360] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Legon, Ghana. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Review & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S308 EP S308 PG 1 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600495 ER PT S AU Contarino, VM Molchanov, PA Asmolova, OV AF Contarino, VM Molchanov, PA Asmolova, OV BE Frouin, RJ Kawamura, H Pan, D TI Large area intensified photodiodes for ocean optics applications SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING OF THE OCEANS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Remote Sensing of the Oceans CY NOV 08-09, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE C1 USN, Air Warefare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Contarino, VM (reprint author), USN, Air Warefare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5617-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5656 BP 156 EP 160 DI 10.1117/12.577958 PG 5 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BBT02 UT WOS:000227659900017 ER PT J AU Prokes, SM Gole, JL Chen, XB Burda, C Carlos, WE AF Prokes, SM Gole, JL Chen, XB Burda, C Carlos, WE TI Defect-related optical behavior in surface-modified TiO2 nanostructures SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID YAG LASER IRRADIATION; POROUS SILICON; VISIBLE-LIGHT; THIN-FILMS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; TITANIUM NITRIDE; TEMPERATURE; WATER; PHOTOCATALYSIS; NITROGEN AB The surface modification of TiO2 nanostructures to incorporate nitrogen and form visible light absorbing titanium oxynitride centers is studied. Anatase TiO2 structures in the 5-20 nm range, formed by a wet chemical technique, were surface modified and the nitridation of the highly reactive TiO2 nanocolloid surface, as, determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies, is achieved by a quick and simple treatment in alkyl ammonium compounds. The nitriding process was also simultaneously accompanied by metal seeding resulting in a metal coating layer on the TiO2 structures. The structure of the resultant titanium oxynitride nanostructures remains anatase. These freshly prepared samples exhibited a strong emission near 560 nm (2.21 eV), which red-shifted to 660 nm (1.88 eV) and dropped in intensity with aging in the atmosphere. This behavior was also evident in some of the combined nitrogen doped and metal seeded TiO2 nanocolloids. Electron spin resonance (ESR) performed on these samples identified a resonance at g = 2.0035, which increased significantly with nitridation. The resonance is attributed to an oxygen hole center created near the surface of the nanocolloid, which correlates well with the observed optical activity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6876, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM prokes@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Burda, Clemens/C-5107-2008; Burda, Clemens/D-1933-2010 OI Burda, Clemens/0000-0002-7342-2840; NR 41 TC 159 Z9 168 U1 4 U2 69 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1002/adfm.200305109 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 893FU UT WOS:000226705500022 ER PT S AU Jacobs, VL AF Jacobs, VL BE Coufal, HJ Hasan, ZU Craig, AE TI Reduced-density-matrix descriptions for linear and non-linear coherent electromagnetic interactions SO Advanced Optical and Quantum Memories and Computing II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Optical and Quantum Memories and Computing II CY JAN 25-26, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE density matrix; quantum systems; coherence; relaxation; linear and non-linear electromagnetic response ID DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; SCATTERING; RADIATION; PLASMAS; GAAS; SEMICONDUCTORS; RELAXATION; STORAGE; LIGHT AB A reduced-density-matrix description is developed for linear and non-linear electromagnetic interactions of quantized electronic systems in the presence of environmental decoherence and relaxation phenomena. Applications of interest include many-electron atomic systems (in electron-ion beam interactions, gases, and high-temperature plasmas) and semiconductor materials (bulk crystals and nanostructures). Time-domain (equation-of-motion) and frequency-domain (resolvent-operator) formulations are developed in a unified manner. The standard Born (lowest-order perturbation-theory) and Markov (short-memory-time) approximations are systematically introduced within the framework of the general non-perturbative and non-Markovian formulations. A preliminary semiclassical treatment of the electromagnetic interaction is introduced. Compact Liouville-space operator expressions are derived for the linear and the general (n'th order) non-linear electromagnetic-response tensors, allowing for coherent initial electronic excitations and for the full tetradic-matrix form of the Liouville-space self-energy operator representing the environmental interactions. It is emphasized that quantum-coherent many-body interactions cannot be adequately treated as environmentally induced phenomena. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jacobs, VL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6390-2, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5709-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5735 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1117/12.601713 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCI58 UT WOS:000229604200012 ER PT S AU Dutton, Z Bashkansky, M Steiner, M Reintjes, J AF Dutton, Z Bashkansky, M Steiner, M Reintjes, J BE Coufal, HJ Hasan, ZU Craig, AE TI Channelization architecture for wide-band slow light in atomic vapors SO Advanced Optical and Quantum Memories and Computing II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Optical and Quantum Memories and Computing II CY JAN 25-26, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE electromagnetically-induced transparency; slow light; time delay; bandwidth ID GROUP-VELOCITY; GAS; STORAGE AB We propose a "channelization" architecture to achieve wide-band electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and ultra-slow light propagation in atomic Rb-87 vapors. EIT and slow light are achieved by shining a strong, resonant "pump" laser on the atomic medium, which allows slow and unattenuated propagation of a weaker "signal" beam, but only when a two-photon resonance condition is satisfied. Our wideband architecture is accomplished by dispersing a wideband signal spatially, transverse to the propagation direction, prior to entering the atomic cell. When particular Zeeman sub-levels are used in the EIT system, then one can introduce a magnetic field with a linear gradient such that the two-photon resonance condition is satisfied for each individual frequency component. Because slow light is a group velocity effect, utilizing differential phase shifts across the spectrum of a light pulse, one must then introduce a slight mismatch from perfect resonance to induce a delay. We present a model which accounts for diffusion of the atoms in the varying magnetic field as well as interaction with levels outside the ideal three-level system on which EIT is based. We find the maximum delay-bandwidth product decreases with bandwidth, and that delay-bandwidth product similar to 1 should be achievable with bandwidth similar to 50 MHz (similar to 5 ns delay). This is a large improvement over the similar to 1 MHz bandwidths in conventional slow light systems and could be of use in signal processing applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dutton, Z (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5709-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5735 BP 115 EP 129 DI 10.1117/12.601714 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCI58 UT WOS:000229604200013 ER PT J AU Bishop, BE Crabbe, FL Hudock, BM AF Bishop, BE Crabbe, FL Hudock, BM TI Design of a low-cost, highly mobile urban search and rescue robot SO ADVANCED ROBOTICS LA English DT Article DE rescue robotics; mobile robotics; locomotion; physical simulation; genetic algorithms AB In this paper, we discuss the design of a novel robotic platform for urban search and rescue. The system developed possesses unique mobility capabilities based on a new adjustable compliance mechanism and overall locomotive morphology. The main facets of this work involve the morphological concepts, initial design and construction of a prototype vehicle, and a physical simulation to be used for developing controllers for semi-autonomous (supervisory) operation. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, 105 Maryland Ave Stop 14A, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bishop@usna.edu NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-1864 EI 1568-5535 J9 ADV ROBOTICS JI Adv. Robot. PY 2005 VL 19 IS 8 SI SI BP 879 EP 899 DI 10.1163/1568553055011500 PG 21 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 969HW UT WOS:000232226200005 ER PT J AU Chu, P Chen, YC Kuninaka, A AF Chu, P Chen, YC Kuninaka, A TI Seasonal variability of the Yellow Sea/East China Sea surface fluxes and thermohaline structure SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Yellow Sea; East China Sea; surface net heat flux; fresh water flux; seasonal variability; thermohaline structure ID THERMAL VARIABILITY AB We use the U.S. Navy's Master Oceanographic Observation Data Set (MOODS) for the Yellow Sea/East China Sea (YES) to investigate the climatological water mass features and the seasonal and non-seasonal variabilities of the thermohaline structure, and use the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) from 1945 to 1989 to investigate the linkage between the fluxes (momentum, heat, and moisture) across the air-ocean interface and the formation of the water mass features. After examining the major current systems and considering the local bathymetry and water mass properties, we divide YES into five regions: East China Sea (ECS) shelf, Yellow Sea (YS) Basin, Cheju bifurcation (CB) zone, Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) region, Kuroshio Current (KC) region. The long term mean surface heat balance corresponds to a heat loss of 30 W m(-2) in the ESC and CB regions, a heat loss of 65 W m(-2) in the KC and TWC regions, and a heat gain of 15 W m(-2) in the YS region. The surface freshwater balance is defined by precipitation minus evaporation. The annual water loss from the surface for the five subareas ranges from 1.8 to 4 cm month(-1). The fresh water loss from the surface should be compensated for from the river run-off. The entire water column of the shelf region (ECS, YS, and CB) undergoes an evident seasonal thermal cycle with maximum values of temperature during summer and maximum mixed layer depths during winter. However, only the surface waters of the TWC and KC regions exhibit a seasonal thermal cycle.. We also found two different relations between surface salinity and the Yangtze River run-off, namely, out-of-phase in the East China Sea shelf and in-phase in the Yellow Sea. This may confirm an earlier study that the summer fresh water discharge from the Yangtze River forms a relatively shallow, low salinity plume-like structure extending offshore on average towards the northeast. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Cold & Arid Environm & Engn, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. RP Chu, P (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA USA. EM pechu@nps.navy.mil RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 NR 19 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 7 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1007/BF02930865 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 890EX UT WOS:000226495600001 ER PT S AU Fierrez-Aguilar, J Krawczyk, S Ortega-Garcia, J Jain, AK AF Fierrez-Aguilar, J Krawczyk, S Ortega-Garcia, J Jain, AK BE Li, SZ Sun, Z Tan, T Pankanti, S Chollet, G Zhang, D TI Fusion of local and regional approaches for on-line signature verification SO ADVANCES IN BIOMETRIC PERSON AUTHENTICATION, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Biometric Recognition Systems CY OCT 22-23, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA ID SYSTEMS; RECOGNITION AB Function-based methods for on-line signature verification are studied. These methods are classified into local and regional depending on the features used for matching. One representative method of each class is selected from the literature. The selected local and regional methods are based on Dynamic Time Warping and Hidden Markov Models, respectively. Some improvements are presented for the local method aimed at strengthening the performance against skilled forgeries. The two methods are compared following the protocol defined in the Signature Verification Competition 2004. Fusion results are also provided demonstrating the complementary nature of these two approaches. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, ATVA, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fierrez-Aguilar, J (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, ATVA, Avda Francisco Tomas & Valiente 11,Campus Cantobl, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM julian.fierrez@uam.es; stephen.krawczyk@nrl.navy.mil; javier.ortega@uam.es; jain@cse.msu.edu RI Fierrez, Julian/A-1884-2008; Ortega-Garcia, Javier/J-7065-2012 OI Fierrez, Julian/0000-0002-6343-5656; Ortega-Garcia, Javier/0000-0003-0557-1948 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-29431-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3781 BP 188 EP 196 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDG85 UT WOS:000233430300024 ER PT S AU White, CT Swanson, DR Elert, ML AF White, C. T. Swanson, D. R. Elert, M. L. BE Simos, T Maroulis, G TI Extreme chemistry at the nanoscale in detonation simulations SO Advances in Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 2005, Vols 4 A & 4 B SE LECTURE SERIES ON COMPUTER AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering (ICCMSE 2005) CY OCT 21-26, 2005 CL Corinth, GREECE SP Amer Chem Soc, Amer Phys Soc DE energetic materials; shock-induced chemistry; detonations; molecular dynamics ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB Processes at condensed phase detonation fronts can occur on such short time and length scales that they are ideal for molecular dynamics simulations that follow individual atomic trajectories. Over more than a decade we have developed a series of potentials and computational methods for atomistic simulations of shock-induced chemistry and detonations in solids. An overview will be given of some of our progress in using molecular dynamics simulations to link directly atomic-scale processes to the continuum behavior of condensed phase detonations. These results indicate that the classic continuum view of a detonation can be meaningfully extended to the nanoscale. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP White, CT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VSP BV-C/O BRILL ACAD PUBL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1573-4196 BN 90-6764-443-9 J9 LECT SER COMPUTER CO PY 2005 VL 4A-4B BP 1130 EP 1133 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Mathematics; Physics GA BEL90 UT WOS:000238054400275 ER PT S AU Elert, ML Zybin, SV White, CT AF Elert, M. L. Zybin, S. V. White, C. T. BE Simos, T Maroulis, G TI Reactive molecular dynamics simulations of shock-induced chemistry in hydrocarbons SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2005, VOLS 4 A & 4 B SE LECTURE SERIES ON COMPUTER AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering (ICCMSE 2005) CY OCT 21-26, 2005 CL Corinth, GREECE SP Amer Chem Soc, Amer Phys Soc DE shock waves; hydrocarbons; molecular dynamics ID ENERGY; CARBON AB Chemical reactions induced by shock impact are of importance in several contexts, including energetic materials, material response to shock waves, and astrophysical and geophysical phenomena. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can provide insight into the molecular-level mechanisms of shock-induced chemical processes. MD simulations of shock-induced chemistry in several molecular hydrocarbons have been carried out, using an empirical potential energy function which accurately reproduces geometries and energetics of reacting hydrocarbon systems. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Elert, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM elert@usna.ed NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU VSP BV-C/O BRILL ACAD PUBL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1573-4196 BN 90-6764-443-9 J9 LECT SER COMPUTER CO PY 2005 VL 4A-4B BP 1134 EP 1137 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Mathematics; Physics GA BEL90 UT WOS:000238054400276 ER PT S AU Bender, B Pan, MJ AF Bender, Barry Pan, Ming-Jen BE Yao, S Tuttle, B Randall, C Viehland, D TI THE EFFECT OF STARTING POWDERS ON THE GIANT DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF THE PEROVSKITE CaCu(3)Ti(4)O(12) SO ADVANCES IN ELECTRONIC CERAMIC MATERIALS SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 23-28, 2005 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP European Social Fund, Minist Cienc Tecnol ID BARRIER LAYER CAPACITORS; CONSTANT; CERAMICS; CA; SR AB Three different starting powders were used to test the effect of sintering time at 1100 degrees C on the dielectric properties of CaCu(3)Ti(4)O(12). Dielectric properties were correlated with the grain size microstructure using a standard IBLC model. The presence of excess CuO led to discontinuous grain growth with large flat porous grains. CaCu(3)Ti(4)O(12). when synthesized using anatase as a titania substitute for rutile showed signs of enhanced sintering which reduced the porosity of the large grains resulting in a significant drop in dielectric loss. Room temperature permittivity varied from 10,538 to 368,970 depending on sintering time and starting powder. C1 [Bender, Barry; Pan, Ming-Jen] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bender, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6351, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-57498-235-0 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 5 BP 101 EP 108 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BMR05 UT WOS:000273372900010 ER PT B AU Dutta, I Pan, D Jadhav, S Mahajan, R AF Dutta, I. Pan, D. Jadhav, S. Mahajan, R. GP ASME TI Creep behavior of lead free solder interconnects in microelectronic packages: Impression creep testing and constitutive modeling SO Advances in Electronic Packaging 2005, Pts A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME/Pacific Rim Technical Conference on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems CY JUL 17-22, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME, Elect & Photon Packaging Div ID GRAIN-GROWTH; ALLOY; JOINTS; KINETICS; SIZE AB The creep behavior of ball grid array (BGA) or flip-chip (FC) solder joints during thermo-mechanical cycling associated with service often limits the reliability of microelectronic packages. In addition, the fine intermetallic precipitates (Ag3Sn and/or Cu6Sn5) in the microstructures of the new lead-free solders (Sn-Ag and Sn-Ag-Cu) can undergo significant in situ strain-enhanced coarsening during TMC, resulting in in-service evolution of the creep behavior of the joints. Since there are significant microstructural/compositional differences between bulk solder samples and tiny microelectronic solder joints, it is critical to develop accurate creep testing methodologies on tiny life-sized solder joints and microstructurally adaptive constitutive creep models for the emerging Pb-free solder alloys. In this paper, we present creep data obtained from tests conducted on individual Sn4Ag0.5Cu ball grid array (BGA) solder balls attached to a packaging substrate, using a newly developed miniaturized impression creep apparatus, which affords high test throughput with minimal sample preparation. Coarsening of inter-metallic particles is demonstrated to influence creep behavior in two ways. At low stresses, the creep rate increases proportionately with precipitate size. At high stresses, precipitate coarsening influences creep response by altering the threshold stress for particle-limited creep. Based on the experimental observations, a microstructurally adaptive creep model, which accounts for the effects of coarsening on the creep response of solder joints, and is capable of adjusting itself as solder joint microstructures evolve during service, is presented, along with experimental determination of the relevant coarsening kinetics parameters. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Pan, Deng/C-2072-2009 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4200-2 PY 2005 BP 1299 EP 1306 DI 10.1115/IPACK2005-73408 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFI20 UT WOS:000241978201063 ER PT S AU Euske, KJ Malina, MA AF Euske, K. J. Malina, Mary A. BE Epstein, MJ Lee, JY TI THE PYRAMID OF ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AS A PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT MODEL SO ADVANCES IN MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING, VOL 14 SE Advances in Management Accounting LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Euske, K. J.; Malina, Mary A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Euske, KJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 1474-7871 BN 978-0-7623-1243-6 J9 ADV MANAG ACCOUNT PY 2005 VL 14 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1016/S1474-7871(05)14007-6 PG 9 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA BLR44 UT WOS:000270862900008 ER PT S AU Martell, CH AF Martell, Craig H. BE VanKuppevelt, JCJ Dybkjaer, L Bernsen, NO TI FORM An Extensible, Kinematically-Based Gesture Annotation Scheme SO ADVANCES IN NATURAL MULTIMODAL DIALOGUE SYSTEMS SE Text Speech and Language Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Gesture; annotation; corpora; corpus-based methods; multimodal communication AB Annotated corpora have played a critical role in speech and natural language research; and, there is an increasing interest in corpora-based research in sign language and gesture as well. We present a non-semantic, geometrically-based annotation scheme, FORM, which allows an annotator to capture the kinematic information in a gesture just from videos of speakers. In addition, FORM stores this gestural information in Annotation Graph format-allowing for easy integration of gesture information with other types of communication information, e. g., discourse structure, parts of speech, intonation information, etc. C1 [Martell, Craig H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Martell, Craig H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. RP Martell, CH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cmartell@nps.navy.mil NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-291X BN 978-1-4020-3933-1 J9 TEXT SPEECH LANG TEC PY 2005 VL 30 BP 79 EP 95 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3933-6 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Language & Linguistics SC Computer Science; Linguistics GA BLA38 UT WOS:000269751500005 ER PT S AU Bendler, JT Boyles, DA AF Bendler, JT Boyles, DA BE Brunelle, DJ Korn, MR TI Ductile polycarbonates containing bisaryl units: Theory and modeling SO ADVANCES IN POLYCARBONATES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Polycarbonate held at the 225th ACS Annual Meeting CY MAR, 2003 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem ID AROMATIC POLYCARBONATES; ENTANGLEMENT; POLYMERS AB Theoretical arguments suggest that polymer segment geometries and, in particular, molecular aspect ratios play an important role in controlling bulk polymer ductility. Under tensile loading, competition between crazing and shear flow determines the ultimate failure mechanism of a glassy polymer. Shear yielding stresses are less variable from polymer to polymer than are craze initiation stresses and craze strengths. Craze strengths are strongly influenced by the entanglement densities and overall polymer molecular weight. A quantitative relationship has been proposed by Fetters et al. relating the entanglement molecular weight, M-e, to the monomer shape or packing length, p. This correlation indicates that incorporation of tetraaryl units into a polycarbonate chain can lead to a higher entanglement density and craze strength, and hence improved bulk toughness, as well as enhanced heat and solvent resistance. A novel synthetic route to these new polymers has been found and ductility measurements are planned. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Bendler, JT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3887-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 898 BP 122 EP 132 DI 10.1021/bk-2005-0898.ch010 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BCK28 UT WOS:000229697600010 ER PT S AU Boyles, DA Filipova, TS Bendler, JT Schroeder, MJ Waltner, R Longbrake, G Reams, J AF Boyles, DA Filipova, TS Bendler, JT Schroeder, MJ Waltner, R Longbrake, G Reams, J BE Brunelle, DJ Korn, MR TI Synthesis of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis[4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)phenyl]ethene and its incorporation into homo- and heteropolycarbonates SO ADVANCES IN POLYCARBONATES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Polycarbonate held at the 225th ACS Annual Meeting CY MAR, 2003 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; POLYCARBONATES; THERMOPLASTICS; CONDENSATION; DERIVATIVES; POLYMERS; MOTION; NMR AB Polycarbonates from 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylene (BPC) constitute a highly flame-resistant family of engineering thermoplastics. The preparation of polycarbonates from BPC was first reported in 1964 as a copolymer with bisphenol A (BPA). A new monomer analogue of BPC has been synthesized which has a higher aspect ratio than BPC. This monomer has been polymerized to polycarbonates with the goal of improved ductility and heat-resistance. An efficient synthesis of the monomer 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis[4'-(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenyl] ethane (TABPC) is reported, as are the molecular weights and glass transition temperatures of homo-and heteropolycarbonates of TABPC. C1 S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Boyles, DA (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3887-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 898 BP 133 EP 146 DI 10.1021/bk-2005-0898.ch011 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BCK28 UT WOS:000229697600011 ER PT S AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF BE Bandini, S Manzoni, S TI Fuzzy logic resource manager: Fuzzy rules and experiments SO AI*IA2005: ADVANCES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Congress of the Italian-Association-for-Artificial-Intelligence CY SEP 21-23, 2005 CL Milan, ITALY SP Univ Milano-Bicocca, Dept Comp Sci, Syst & Commun Artificial Intelligence Lab, Italian Assoc Artificial Intelligence, AISoftware S p A, Akhela s r l, Aletheia, Gruppo Fabbro S p A, Illycaffe AB A fuzzy logic expert system has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack resources on different platforms in real time. This resource manager is made up of four trees, the isolated platform tree, the multi-platform tree, the fuzzy parameter selection tree and the fuzzy strategy tree. The isolated platform tree provides a fuzzy decision tree that allows an individual platform to respond to a threat. The tree's self-morphing property that increases its ability to adapt to changing events is discussed. The multi-platform tree allows a group of platforms to respond to a threat in a collaborative fashion. A genetic algorithm is used to optimize the resource manager. Experiments designed to test various concepts in the expert system are discussed, including its ability to: allow multiple platforms to self-organize without the benefit of a commander; to tolerate errors made by other systems; and to deal with multiple distinct enemy strategies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jfsmith@drsews.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-29041-9 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2005 VL 3673 BP 564 EP 575 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDF68 UT WOS:000233291300057 ER PT B AU Schaum, A Stocker, A AF Schaum, A Stocker, A BE Mericsko, R TI Advanced algorithms for autonomous hyperspectral change detection SO AIPR 2004: 33rd Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop, Proceedings: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd AIPR Workshop on Emerging Technologies and Application for Imagery Pattern Recognition CY OCT 13-15, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP AIPR Execut Comm, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Pattern Analy & Mach Intelligence DE ISR; hyperspectral imaging; change detection; covariance equalization AB Persistent ISR (Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance) has proven its value as a tactic for national defense. This activity can collect, in particular, information necessary for executing an important Concept of Operations: Wide-area autonomous change detection over long time intervals. Here we describe the remarkable potential of hyperspectral remote sensing systems for enabling such missions, using either visible or thermal infrared wavelengths. First we describe blind change detection, in which no target knowledge is assumed. Targets that have moved can nevertheless be distinguished from naturally occurring background radiometric changes through the use of multivariate statistics informed by simple physics. Detection relies on the ability of hyperspectral algorithms to predict certain conserved properties of background spectral patterns over long time intervals. We also describe a method of mitigating the most worrisome practical engineering difficulty in pixel-level change detection, image misregistration. This has led, in turn, to a method of estimating spectral signature evolution using multiple-scene statistics. Finally, we present a signature-based detection technique that fuses two discrimination mechanisms: use of some prior knowledge of target spectra, and the fact that a change has occurred. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2250-5 PY 2005 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCF53 UT WOS:000229039200006 ER PT B AU Price, J Maraviglia, C Seisler, W Williams, E Pauli, M AF Price, J Maraviglia, C Seisler, W Williams, E Pauli, M BE Mericsko, R TI System capabilities, requirements and design of the GDL gunfire detection and location system SO AIPR 2004: 33rd Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop, Proceedings: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd AIPR Workshop on Emerging Technologies and Application for Imagery Pattern Recognition CY OCT 13-15, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP AIPR Execut Comm, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Pattern Analy & Mach Intelligence AB Using image processing techniques, the Gunfire Detection and Location (GDL) system detects gunfire and aims a suite of imagers at the muzzleflash point of origin. This detection and location function is critical for force and perimeter defense in densely populated areas as well as difficult operating environments such as a remote desert. This paper defines requirements of the GDL project. The GDL system is the result of research into using real-time image processing of mid-wave infrared imagery to detect gunfire and pin point its origin. Varieties of modern imagers are made available over the spectrum to aid an operator in assessing a detected signal. By using optical and acoustical methods, a design effort was launched to yield five vehicle based platforms. The hardware and algorithm used to implement the five basic functions is discussed in this paper. Issues such as component reliability, thermal issues, camera sensitivity operated during the daytime and nighttime, and optical design and bore sighting had to be united into a system designed to operate in the desert and powered from a High Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV). The design, construction and testing was conducted in nine months. The project has yielded a system architecture that will be further tested and refined in the next phase of this project. Experiences with the development phase of GDL and future directions are described in this paper. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Price, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5750,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2250-5 PY 2005 BP 257 EP 262 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCF53 UT WOS:000229039200043 ER PT S AU von Berg, DCL Duncan, MD Howard, JG Kruer, MR Lee, JN AF von Berg, DCL Duncan, MD Howard, JG Kruer, MR Lee, JN BE Wyatt, SH TI Control and display stations for simultaneous multiple dissimilar unmanned aerial vehicles SO Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications II CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, UnivCtr Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, Int Neural Network Soc, Int Soc Professional Thermographers, Michigan Aerosp Corp, Snell Infrared, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Cent Florida DE unmanned aerial vehicles; control stations; image mosaicing; dissemination; intelligence; surveillance; reconnaissance AB The NRL Optical Sciences Division has developed and demonstrated ground and airborne-based control, display, and exploitation stations for simultaneous use of multiple dissimilar unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) systems. The demonstrated systems allow operation on airborne and ground mobile platforms and allow for the control and exploitation of multiple on-board airborne and/or remote unmanned sensor systems simultaneously. The sensor systems incorporated into the control and display stations include visible and midwave infrared (EO/MWIR) panchromatic and visible through short wave infrared (VNIR-SWIR) hyperspectral (HSI) sensors of various operational types (including step-stare, push-broom, whisk-broom, and video). Demonstrated exploitation capabilities include real-time screening, sensor control, pre-flight and real-time payload/platform mission planning, geo-referenced imagery mosaicing, change detection, stereo imaginger, moving target tracking, and networked dissemination to distributed exploitation nodes (man-pack, vehicle, and command centers). Results from real-time flight tests using ATR, Finder, and TERN UAV ' s are described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP von Berg, DCL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5660,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5772-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5787 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.1117/12.609629 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCO33 UT WOS:000230404600007 ER PT S AU Tribble, J Sheehy, JB AF Tribble, J Sheehy, JB BE Wyatt, SH TI Performance requirements for the laser event recorder SO Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications II CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, UnivCtr Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, Int Neural Network Soc, Int Soc Professional Thermographers, Michigan Aerosp Corp, Snell Infrared, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Cent Florida DE laser detection; laser eye safety; laser dosimeter; laser sensor; laser wavelength measurement; diffraction grating; focal plane array; CCD; CMOS; GPS ID INJURIES AB Lasers for defense applications continue to grow in power and fill in new portions of the spectrum, expanding the laser eye safety hazard, particularly to aircrew and aviation safety. The Laser Event Recorder Program within Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) seeks to develop a low cost, self-contained laser sensor able to detect, warn and record laser exposures that hazard aircrew vision. The spectral and temporal range of hazardous lasers (400 to 1600 nm and pulsed to continuous) has presented a challenge in the past. However, diffractive optics and imaging technologies have enabled a solution to this growing threat. This paper will describe the technical requirements for the Laser Event Recorder, which are based on ANSI Z136.1 laser safety standards and common to its use on any platform. To support medical and operational laser eye protection, the LER extracts and records laser wavelength, radiant exposure, exposure duration, pulse structure, latitude, longitude, altitude and time of laser exposure. Specific performance and design issues of the LER prototype will be presented in a companion paper. In this paper, fundamental challenges to the requirements encountered during the first two years of research, development and successful outdoor testing will be reviewed. These include discrimination against all outdoor light levels and the impact of atmospheric beam propagation on accuracy of the radiant exposure determination. Required accuracy and response time of the determination of whether a laser exposure exceeds the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) will be described. Ongoing efforts to coordinate laser exposure reporting and medical management will also be discussed. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Vis Lab,Aircraft Div, Human Syst Dept,Naval Air Warfare Ctr,Unit 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Tribble, J (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Vis Lab,Aircraft Div, Human Syst Dept,Naval Air Warfare Ctr,Unit 5, 48110 Shaw Rd,Bldg 2187,Rm 1A50, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5772-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5787 BP 166 EP 175 DI 10.1117/12.604759 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCO33 UT WOS:000230404600017 ER PT S AU Esposito, JM Kim, J Kumar, V AF Esposito, JM Kim, J Kumar, V BE Erdmann, M Hsu, D Overmars, M VanDerStappen, F TI Adaptive RRTs for validating hybrid robotic control systems SO Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics VI SE SPRINGER TRACTS IN ADVANCED ROBOTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Algorithmic-Foundations-of-Robotics CY JUL 11-13, 2004 CL Zeist, NETHERLANDS SP Utrecht Univ, Dutch Org Sci Res ID VERIFICATION; COMPUTATION AB Most robot control and planning algorithms are complex, involving a combination of reactive controllers, behavior-based controllers, and deliberative controllers. The switching between different behaviors or controllers makes such systems hybrid, i.e. combining discrete and continuous dynamics. While proofs of convergence, robustness and stability are often available for simple controllers under a carefully crafted set of operating conditions, there is no systematic approach to experimenting with, testing, and validating the performance of complex hybrid control systems. In this paper we address the problem of generating sets of conditions (inputs, disturbances, and parameters) that might be used to "test" a given hybrid system. We use the method of Rapidly exploring Random Trees (RRTs) to obtain test inputs. We extend the traditional RRT, which only searches over continuous inputs, to a new algorithm, called the Rapidly exploring Random Forest of Trees (RRFT), which can also search over time invariant parameters by growing a set of trees for each parameter value choice. We introduce new measures for coverage and tree growth that allows us to dynamically allocate our resources among the set of trees and to plant new trees when the growth rate of existing ones slows to an unacceptable level. We demonstrate the application of RRFT to testing and validation of aerial robotic control systems. C1 USN Acad, WSE Dept, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Esposito, JM (reprint author), USN Acad, WSE Dept, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1610-7438 BN 3-540-25728-4 J9 SPR TRA ADV ROBOT PY 2005 VL 17 BP 107 EP 121 PG 15 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BCY49 UT WOS:000231865200009 ER PT S AU Gillis, D Bowles, J Lamela, GM Rhea, WJ Bachmann, CM Montes, M Ainsworth, T AF Gillis, D Bowles, J Lamela, GM Rhea, WJ Bachmann, CM Montes, M Ainsworth, T BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Manifold learning techniques for the analysis of hyperspectral ocean data SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XI CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Central Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Def Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE hyperspectral; nonlinear analysis; manifold learning ID NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; ALGORITHM AB A useful technique in hyperspectral data analysis is dimensionality reduction. which replaces the original high dimensional data with low dimensional representations. Usually this is done with linear techniques such as linear mixing or principal components (PCA). While often useful, there is no a priori reason for believing that the data is actually linear. Lately there has been renewed interest in modeling high dimensional data using nonlinear techniques such as manifold learning (ML). In ML, the data is assumed to lie on a low dimensional, possibly curved surface (or manifold). The goal is to discover this manifold and therefore find the best low dimensional representation of the data. Recently, researchers at the Naval Research Lab have begun to model hyperspectral data using ML. We continue this work by applying ML techniques to hyperspectral ocean water data. We focus on water since there are underlying physical reasons for believing that the data lies on a certain type of nonlinear manifold. In particular. ocean data is influenced by three factors: the water parameters. the bottom type, and the depth. For fixed water and bottom types. the spectra that arise by varying the depth will lie on a nonlinear. one dimensional manifold (i.e. a curve). Generally, water scenes will contain a number of different water and bottom types. each combination of which leads to a distinct curve. In this way, the scene may be modeled as a union of one dimensional curves. In thus paper, eve investigate the use of manifold learning techniques to separate the various curves, thus partitioning the scene into homogeneous areas. We also discuss ways in which these techniques may be able to derive various scene characteristics such as bathymetry. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gillis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5791-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5806 BP 342 EP 351 DI 10.1117/12.603660 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCR68 UT WOS:000230952600031 ER PT S AU Borden, B Cheney, M AF Borden, B Cheney, M BE Zeinio, EG Garber, FD TI Doppler-only imaging of stationary targets SO Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Symthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII CY MAR 28-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE Doppler frequency shift; radar imaging ID RADAR; TRANSFORM AB Conventional Synthetic Aperture Radar combines high range resolution waveforms collected from disparate directions/locations to form an image in range and cross-range. If the radar bandwidth is narrow, then range resolution will suffer and the overall image will be degraded. (This necessarily happens when the radar's carrier frequency is small, for instance.) There is, however, a complementary imaging mode in which very narrow frequency-domain pulses are collected by a platform in relative motion with the target and combined to form an image. Such systems rely on Doppler frequency shift measurements (instead of range information). For various practical reasons, this kind of imaging has not been well examined - but there are situations where the scheme is useful (in principle). We develop the theory of radar imaging from data measured by a moving antenna emitting a single-frequency waveform. We show that, under a linearized (Born) scattering model, the signal at a given Doppler shift is due to a superposition of returns from stationary scatterers on a cone whose axis is the flight velocity vector. This cone reduces to a hyperbola when the scatterers are known to lie on a planar surface. In this case, reconstruction of the scatterer locations can be accomplished by a tomographic inversion in which the scattering density function is reconstructed from its integrals over hyperbolas. We give an approximate reconstruction formula and analyze the resolution of the resulting image. We provide a numerical shortcut and show results of numerical tests in a simple case. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5793-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5808 BP 132 EP 141 DI 10.1117/12.603000 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU80 UT WOS:000231335900015 ER PT J AU Hoffman, RS AF Hoffman, RS TI Off-label uses for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Letter C1 USN Hosp, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. RP Hoffman, RS (reprint author), USN Hosp, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 BP 43 EP 43 PG 1 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 886UT UT WOS:000226258900004 PM 15663023 ER PT J AU Viera, AJ Stone, KJ AF Viera, AJ Stone, KJ TI Off-label uses for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors - In reply SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Letter ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HOT FLASHES C1 USN Hosp, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. RP Viera, AJ (reprint author), USN Hosp, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 BP 43 EP + PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 886UT UT WOS:000226258900005 ER PT J AU Boucher, RJ Angulo-Suarez, M Isaza, II Stanley, AJ Resnick, D AF Boucher, RJ Angulo-Suarez, M Isaza, II Stanley, AJ Resnick, D TI Chondrocalcinosis and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition after knee surgery in young adults: Report of 6 cases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 50 EP 50 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800194 ER PT J AU Miller, JB Barrall, GA AF Miller, JB Barrall, GA TI Explosives detection with nuclear quadrupole resonance - An emerging technology will help to uncover land mines and terrorist bombs SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Miller, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joel.b.miller@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 6 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 93 IS 1 BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1511/2005.51.953 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 898VJ UT WOS:000227104000017 ER PT J AU Benson, DA Stockinger, ZT McSwain, NE AF Benson, DA Stockinger, ZT McSwain, NE TI Embolization of an acute renal arteriovenous fistula following a stab wound: Case report and review of the literature SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Review ID ANGIOGRAPHIC EMBOLIZATION; MANAGEMENT; ARTERY; INJURIES AB Surgery has traditionally been the definitive form of invasive management for renal vascular injuries. There is a growing trend in the use of endovascular techniques as an alternative to surgery in the trauma setting. We present the case of a 24-year-old woman with an acute renal arteriovenous fistula caused by a stab wound in the left flank, which was successfully managed with selective arterial embolization. This represents only the second reported case of such an approach in the acute setting. C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Char Hosp, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Stockinger, ZT (reprint author), 421 Middle St, Portsmouth, VA 23704 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 BP 62 EP 65 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 897PN UT WOS:000227017200016 PM 15757060 ER PT J AU Ngundi, MM Shriver-Lake, LC Moore, MH Lassman, ME Ligler, FS Taitt, CR AF Ngundi, MM Shriver-Lake, LC Moore, MH Lassman, ME Ligler, FS Taitt, CR TI Array biosensor for detection of ochratoxin A in cereals and beverages SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOAFFINITY COLUMN CLEANUP; SOLID-PHASE CLEANUP; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; MYCOTOXIN ANALYSIS; FOOD SAMPLES; IMMUNOSENSOR; COFFEE; WATER; WINE AB Contamination of food by mycotoxins occurs in minute quantities, and therefore, there is a need for a highly sensitive and selective device that can detect and quantify these organic toxins. We report the development of a rapid and highly sensitive array biosensor for the detection and quantitation of ochratoxin A (OTA). The array biosensor utilizes a competitive immunoassay format. Immobilized OTA derivatives compete with toxin in solution for binding to fluorescent anti-OTA antibody spiked into the sample. This competition is quantified by measuring the formation of the fluorescent immunocomplex on the waveguide surface. The fluorescent signal is inversely proportional to the concentration of OTA in the sample. Analyses for OTA in buffer and a variety of food and beverage samples were performed. Samples were extracted with methanol, without any sample cleanup or preconcentration step prior to analysis. The limit of detection for OTA in several cereals ranged from 3.8 to 100 ng/g, while in coffee and wine, detection limits were 7 and 38 ng/g, respectively. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM crtaitt@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 44 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 1 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1021/ac048957y PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 885XS UT WOS:000226191200027 PM 15623290 ER PT J AU Huynh, MHV Hiskey, MA Chavez, DE Gilardi, RD AF Huynh, MHV Hiskey, MA Chavez, DE Gilardi, RD TI Tetraazapentalene chemistry: Unexpected intramolecular electron rearrangement induced by highly reactive psi-dinitroso substituents SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE azides; nitrogen heterocycles; reactive intermediates; rearrangement; ring opening ID METAL-CARBENE COMPLEXES; DENSE ENERGETIC COMPOUNDS; HYPERVALENT SULFUR; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURES; AROMATIC AZAPENTALENES; MACROCYCLIC-COMPOUNDS; ELIMINATION-REACTIONS; EXPLOSIVE PROPERTIES; N BONDS; DERIVATIVES C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, Mat Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Lab Struct Matter, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huynh, MHV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, Mat Dynam Grp, MS C920,DX-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM huynh@ianl.gov; hiskey@lanl.gov NR 77 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2005 VL 44 IS 43 BP 7089 EP 7094 DI 10.1002/anie.200502342 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 984CJ UT WOS:000233279800022 PM 16222653 ER PT J AU Wakabayashi, M Ono, T Mori, H Bernhardt, PA AF Wakabayashi, M Ono, T Mori, H Bernhardt, PA TI Electron density and plasma waves in mid-latitude sporadic-E layer observed during the SEEK-2 campaign SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; ionospheric irregularities; mid-latitude ionosphere; plasma temeperature and density ID E-REGION; ROCKET OBSERVATIONS; IMPEDANCE PROBE; RADAR; IRREGULARITIES; FIELD; WIND; LATITUDE AB The SEEK-2 campaign was carried out over Kyushu Island in Japan on 3 August 2002, by using the two sounding rockets of S310-31 and S310-32. This campaign was planned to elucidate generation mechanisms of Quasi-Periodic Echoes (QPEs) associated with mid-latitude sporadic-E(E,,) layers. Electron number densities were successfully measured in the E,, layers by using the impedance probe on board two rockets. The plasma waves in the VLF and ELF ranges were also observed on board the S310-32 rocket. Results of electron density measurement showed that there were one or two major peaks in the E,, layers along the rockets' trajectories near the altitude of about 100 km. There were some smaller peaks associated with the main E,, layers in the altitude range from 90 to 120 km. These density peaks were distributed in a very large extent during the SEEK-2 campaign. The E-S layer structure is also measured by using the Fixed Bias Probe (FBP), which has a high spatial resolution of several meters (the impedance probe has an altitude resolution of about 400 m). The comparison with the total electron content (TEC) measured by the Dual Band Beacon revealed that the ES layer was also modulated in the horizontal direction with the scale size of 30-40 km. It was shown that the QP echoes observed by the ground-based coherent radar come from the major density peak of the E,, layer. The plasma wave instrument detected the enhancement of VLF and ELF plasma waves associated with the operation of the TMA release, and also with the passage of the E-S layers. C1 Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Tokyo, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wakabayashi, M (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. EM waka@stpp1.geophys.tohoku.ac.jp NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 7 BP 2335 EP 2345 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 988CL UT WOS:000233568900005 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA Selcher, CA Siefring, C Wilkens, M Compton, C Bust, G Yamamoto, M Fukao, S Takayuki, O Wakabayashi, M Mori, H AF Bernhardt, PA Selcher, CA Siefring, C Wilkens, M Compton, C Bust, G Yamamoto, M Fukao, S Takayuki, O Wakabayashi, M Mori, H TI Radio tomographic imaging of sporadic-E layers during SEEK-2 SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionospheric irregularities; instruments and techniques; mid-latitude ionosphere ID IONOSPHERIC ELECTRON-CONTENT; E-REGION IONOSPHERE; MU RADAR; IRREGULARITIES; FIELD; INSTABILITY; MODULATION; GENERATION; ATMOSPHERE; MECHANISM AB During the SEEK-2 Rocket Campaign in August 2002, a Dual Band Beacon (DBB) transmitting to Ground Receivers provided unique data on E-Region electron densities. Information from two rocket beacons and four ground receivers yielded multiple samples of E-region horizontal and vertical variations. The radio beacon measurements were made at four sites (Uchinoura, Tarumizu, Tanegashima, Takazaki) in Japan for two rockets (S310-31 and S310-32) launched by the Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science (ISAS). Analysis was completed for four sets of beacon data to provide electron density images of sporadic-E layers. Signals from the two-frequency beacons on the SEEK-2 rockets were processed to yield total electron content (TEC) data that was converted into electron density measurements. Wide variations in layer structures were detected. These included horizontal sporadic-E variations, vertical profiles of double, single; and weak layers. The radio beacon measurements were shown to be in agreement with the in-situ SEEK-2 sensors. The first tomographic image of a sporadic-E layer was produced from the data. The rocket beacon technique was shown to be an excellent tool to study sporadic-E layers because absolute TEC accuracy of 0.01 TEC Units can be easily obtained and, with proper receiver placement, electron density images can be produced using computerized ionospheric tomography with better than 1 km horizontal and vertical resolution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Informat Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Texas, Appl Res Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Kyoto Univ, Radio Sci Ctr Space & Atmosphere, Kyoto, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Commun Res Labs, Tokyo, Japan. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bern@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 7 BP 2357 EP 2368 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 988CL UT WOS:000233568900007 ER PT J AU Tseng, CL Lin, KY Sundararajan, SK AF Tseng, CL Lin, KY Sundararajan, SK TI Managing cost overrun risk in project funding allocation SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Decision Making under Uncertainty CY MAY, 2002 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Operat Res Soc China, Ctr Descis under Uncertainty, Lab Management, Decis & Informat Syst, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE resource allocation; project management; decision making under uncertainty; cost overrun risk; portfolio optimization AB This paper discusses decision making of project funding allocation under uncertain project costs. Because project costs are uncertain and funding allocations may not necessarily match the costs required, each project is inherently subject to a cost overrun risk (COR). In this paper, a model is proposed in which project cost is treated as a factor with a probability density function. The decision maker then allocates the total funding to the projects while minimizing a weighted sum of mean and variance of the COR of the project portfolio. Some properties of project COR are derived and interpreted. Optimal funding allocation, in relationship to factors such as various project sizes and riskiness, project interdependency, and the decision makers risk preference, is analyzed. The proposed funding allocation model can be integrated with project selection decision-making and provides a basis for more effective project control. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Engn Management & Syst Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Jacobs PFI Profess Serv, Reading RG1 6QF, Berks, England. RP Tseng, CL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Engn Management & Syst Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM chungli@umr.edu; kylin@nps.edu OI Lin, Kyle/0000-0002-3769-1891 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 135 IS 1 BP 127 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s10479-005-6238-4 PG 27 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 924IW UT WOS:000228973500007 ER PT J AU Zivi, E AF Zivi, E TI Design of robust shipboard power automation systems SO ANNUAL REVIEWS IN CONTROL LA English DT Review DE automation; systems design; ship control; robust performance; marine systems; distributed computer control systems AB Emergent power and automation technologies provide new opportunities and challenges for multi-disciplinary ship design. In particular, these dynamically interdependent systems require dependable, fault-tolerant control to efficiently manage limited resources and to respond to casualty conditions. Design of an electric warship engineering and damage control system of systems is considered as an illustrative example. In this context, cost and survivability can be considered as either deterministic or probabilistic independent variables. In the stochastic formulation, design robustness is defined with respect to uncertainties including technology readiness, mission creep, and operational environment. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Zivi, E (reprint author), USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM zivi@usna.edu NR 21 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1367-5788 J9 ANNU REV CONTROL JI Annu. Rev. Control PY 2005 VL 29 IS 2 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2005.08.004 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 992LG UT WOS:000233884800009 ER PT B AU Salem, TE Bayne, SB Porschet, D Chen, Y AF Salem, TE Bayne, SB Porschet, D Chen, Y GP IEEE TI Thermal performance of water-cooled heat sinks SO APEC 2005: Twentieth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, Vols 1-3 SE Annual IEEE Conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2005) CY MAR 06-10, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE PELS, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc AB As power electronic applications continue to switch higher levels of voltage and current in smaller-sized component packages, the resulting increase in power density requires efficient thermal management. This paper compares the thermal performance for operating a MOSFET on a water-cooled pole-arrayed heat sink versus,a novel water-cooled microchannel heat sink. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Salem, TE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8975-1 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2005 BP 129 EP 133 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCF80 UT WOS:000229111500020 ER PT S AU Ashton, RW Ciezki, JG AF Ashton, RW Ciezki, JG GP IEEE TI Efficiency and EMI comparisons between prototyped 8kW hard and soft switched buck choppers SO APEC 2005: TWENTIETH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2005) CY MAR 06-10, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE PELS, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc AB Rapid reconfiguration makes power electronics-based DC distribution systems attractive for systems that must be highly dependable. For systems at high power levels, the development of high-performance dc-dc converters is essential. In an attempt to assess efficiency, EMI, size and complexity, the authors have simulated, prototyped, and evaluated similar hard-switched and soft-switched 8 kW buck converters. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 0-7803-8975-1 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2005 BP 1566 EP 1571 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCF80 UT WOS:000229111502033 ER PT S AU Carlson, BP Ditzler, WR Havlin, MR AF Carlson, BP Ditzler, WR Havlin, MR BE Nasrabadi, NM Rizvi, SA TI Tactical image parameter adjustment for stereo pair correlation SO Applications of Neural Networks and Machine Learning in Image Processing IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Neural Networks and Machine Learning in Image Processing IX CY JAN 19-20, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE correlate; register; back-propagation; neural network; image processing; targeting loop AB In modem warfare, timely extraction of coordinates from tactical reconnaissance images remains a critical restriction in the targeting loop. Often, a warfighter has immediate access to real time sensor images. However, extracting the true coordinates of a target can be time consuming and difficult. Usually, the sensor will provide basic parameters such as range, heading, and depression angle, which can be used to correlate the image with an on-line database of stereo images. However, these parameters are often in error. This paper documents a research project conducted at the Naval Air Warfare Center, China Lake, California which solves this problem for range and heading values within the Digital Precision Strike Suite correlation (scene matching) and targeting software also developed at this facility. Stereo templates are built using the stereo images and then projected onto the tactical image plane using the sensor's position parameters such as range and heading. Three values from the results of the correlation attempt are fed to a neural network which will determine whether the parameter is too small or too large. This information is used to adjust the given parameter, perform the correlation again and feed the new values to the neural network. The results obtained are very promising. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA USA. RP Carlson, BP (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, 1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5646-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5673 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1117/12.582038 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCC99 UT WOS:000228690800013 ER PT S AU Lee, TF Miller, SD Schueler, CF Hawkins, JD Turk, FJ Richardson, K Kent, J AF Lee, TF Miller, SD Schueler, CF Hawkins, JD Turk, FJ Richardson, K Kent, J BE Menzel, WP IWasaki, T TI NPOESS VIIRS: Dramatically improved operational capability SO APPLICATIONS WITH WEATHER SATELLITES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications with Weather Satellites II CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Chinese Soc Oceanog, Chinese Meterol Adm DE remote sensing; NPOESS; VIIRS; environmental data records; radiometric performance ID MODIS AB This paper summarizes design, performance estimates and applications of the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). VIIRS is approaching Engineering Development Unit (EDU) integration and flight model assembly for delivery in late 2005 for launch on the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP) satellite in 2006. Applications of VIIRS are anticipated to represent dramatic improvements over heritage capability from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Line-scanning System (OLS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). VIIRS draws heavily on the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra and Aqua satellites MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS), offering similar spectroradiometry at better spatial resolution. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed VIIRS on-orbit performance simulations based on MODIS data to illustrate the dramatic improvements VIIRS will offer compared to current operational satellites for meteorology. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Lee, TF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5619-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5658 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1117/12.579019 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBT11 UT WOS:000227664900001 ER PT S AU Baker, NL Blankenship, CB Campbell, WF Swadley, SD Hogan, TF Barker, EH AF Baker, NL Blankenship, CB Campbell, WF Swadley, SD Hogan, TF Barker, EH BE Menzel, WP IWasaki, T TI Assimilation of AMSU-A/B radiances with the NRL atmospheric variational data assimilation system (NAVDAS) SO APPLICATIONS WITH WEATHER SATELLITES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications with Weather Satellites II CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Chinese Soc Oceanog, Chinese Meterol Adm DE satellite data assimilation; numerical weather prediction; ATOVS; AMSU-A; AMSU-B; HIRS AB The U.S. Navy's new three-dimensional variational analysis system NAVDAS became operational at Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC) on October 1, 2003, paving the way for the direct assimilation of NOAA AMSU-A radiances with the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS). AMSU-A radiance assimilation, which became operational at FNMOC on June 9, 2004, leads to significant improvement in forecast skill, as compared with assimilation of NESDIS ATOVS retrievals. The two- to five-day forecast skill at 500 hPa is increased by 3-10 hours in the Northern Hemisphere, and by 12-20 hrs in the Southern Hemisphere, with similar improvements at 1000 hPa. Forecasts with AMSU-A are consistently better, with fewer forecast "busts", fewer synoptic errors and a general strengthening of the circulations in both hemispheres. Overall, NAVDAS analyses and forecasts with AMSU-A exhibit better fit with radiosondes and other observations. Observations from AMSU-B, which are sensitive to the vertical distribution of water vapor in the troposphere, are used to compute 1DVAR humidity retrievals. NAVDAS assimilation of AMSU-B retrievals into NOGAPS dries out the middle and upper troposphere, and strengthens moisture gradients such as the Intertropical Convergence Zone, correcting known model tendencies. Tropical cyclone track and intensity predictions are slightly improved. Transition of AMSU-B retrieval assimilation to operations at FNMOC is targeted for early 2005. C1 USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Baker, NL (reprint author), USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5619-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5658 BP 154 EP 165 DI 10.1117/12.579008 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBT11 UT WOS:000227664900016 ER PT S AU Campbell, WF Baker, NL Blankenship, CB AF Campbell, WF Baker, NL Blankenship, CB BE Menzel, WP IWasaki, T TI Bias correction of microwave radiances for data assimilation SO APPLICATIONS WITH WEATHER SATELLITES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications with Weather Satellites II CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Chinese Soc Oceanog, Chinese Meterol Adm DE bias; data assimilation; regression; microwave; AMSU-A; AMSU-B; assimilation; NAVDAS AB Temperature retrievals from polar-orbiting satellites are clearly beneficial in the Southern Hemisphere and the stratosphere, due to lack of conventional data, but have neutral impact on Northern Hemisphere forecasts. An alternative to retrievals is the direct assimilation of radiance data. The NRL Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS), coupled with the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) NWP model, constitute a system capable of three-dimensional variational assimilation (3DVar) of radiance data. In particular, the assimilation of microwave radiance data from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU-A) has shown clear positive impact on 5-day forecasts in both hemispheres. One requirement for successful radiance assimilation is bias correction. Biases are due both to the satellite instrument, and the underlying airmass, resulting from inaccuracies in the fast radiative transfer model that converts NWP fields into simulated radiances. Our approach to airmass bias correction uses multilinear regression of fifteen days of observed minus computed radiances, with selected NWP fields as predictors. Research into hybrid methods, which add the radiances themselves as predictors, is being pursued. Moisture retrievals from AMSU-B can also benefit from bias correction. Preliminary results comparing uncorrected and bias-corrected AMSU-B moisture retrievals are presented. The need for bias correction is universal. Our methodology is robust and general, and should be applicable to current and future satellites. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Campbell, WF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5619-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5658 BP 269 EP 276 DI 10.1117/12.579044 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBT11 UT WOS:000227664900027 ER PT J AU Yu, YH Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Yu, YH Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Matlab/Simulink-based simulation for digital-control system of marine three-shaft gas-turbine SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE gas-turbine; digital-control; simulation; simulink AB A gas-turbine plant model is required in order to design and develop its control system. In this paper, a simulation model of a marine three-shaft gas-turbine's digital-control system is presented. Acceleration processes are simulated via a Matlab/Simulink program. The effects of some of the main variables on the system's performance are analyzed and the optimum values of parameters obtained. A simulation experiment upon a real gas-turbine plant is performed using the digital-control model. The results show that the simulation model is reliable. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@public.wh.hb.cn NR 13 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD JAN PY 2005 VL 80 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.03.006 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 874JF UT WOS:000225346000001 ER PT J AU Shu, LW Chen, LG Jin, JS Yu, J Sun, FR Wu, C AF Shu, LW Chen, LG Jin, JS Yu, J Sun, FR Wu, C TI Functional reliability simulation for a power-station's steam-turbine SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE functional reliability; simulation; power-station steam-turbine; degeneration AB A new method and algorithm for functional reliability simulation for a steam-turbine's behaviour is proposed and a degeneration model is established based on the laws of the steam-turbine. By taking a power-station steam-turbine as an example, the turbine's functional reliability is simulated. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@public.wh.hb.cn NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD JAN PY 2005 VL 80 IS 1 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.02.004 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 874JF UT WOS:000225346000006 ER PT J AU Blackmon, F Antonelli, L AF Blackmon, F Antonelli, L TI Experimental demonstration of multiple pulse nonlinear optoacoustic signal generation and control SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID NANOSECOND; WATER AB Generating underwater acoustic signals from a remote, aerial location by use of a high-energy pulsed infrared laser has been demonstrated. The laser beam is directed from the air and focused onto the water surface, where the optical energy was converted into a propagating acoustic wave. Sound pressure levels of 185 dB re muPa (decibel re muPa) were consistently recorded under freshwater laboratory conditions at laser-pulse repetition rates of up to 1000 pulses/s. The nonlinear optoacoustic transmission concept is outlined, and the experimental results from investigation of the time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics of the generated underwater sound are provided. A high repetition rate, high-energy per pulse laser was used in this test under freshwater laboratory conditions. A means of deterministically controlling the spectrum of the underwater acoustic signal was investigated and demonstrated by varying the laser-pulse repetition rate. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Blackmon, F (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM blackmonfa@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 1 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1364/AO.44.000103 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 887RM UT WOS:000226323200014 PM 15662891 ER PT J AU Chambers, LW Rhee, P Balzei-, NC Perciballi, J Cubano, M Compeggie, M Nace, M Bohman, HR AF Chambers, LW Rhee, P Balzei-, NC Perciballi, J Cubano, M Compeggie, M Nace, M Bohman, HR TI Initial experience of US Marine Corps forward resuscitative surgical system during Operation Iraqi Freedom SO ARCHIVES OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID MILITARY EXPERIENCE; COMBAT CASUALTIES; TRAUMA; WAR; LESSONS; WOUNDS; DEATH; CARE AB Hypothesis: Modern US Marine Corps (USMC) combat tactics are dynamic and nonlinear. While effective strategically, this. can prolong the time it takes to transport the wounded to surgical capability, potentially worsening outcomes. To offset this, the USMC developed the For-ward Resuscitative Surgical System (FRSS). By operating in close proximity to active combat units, these small, rapidly mobile trauma surgical teams can decrease the interval between wounding and arrival at surgical intervention with resultant improvement in outcomes. Design: Case series. Setting: Echelon 2 surgical units during the invasion phase of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Patients: Ninety combat casualties, consisting of 30 USMC and 60 Iraqi patients, were treated in the FRSS between March 21 and April 22, 2003. Interventions: Tactical surgical intervention consisting of selectively applied damage control or definitive trauma surgical procedures. Main Outcome Measures: Time to surgical intervention and outcome following treatment in the FRSS. Results: Ninety combat casualties with 170 injuries required 149 procedures by 6 FRSS teams. The USMC patients were received within a median of 1 hour of wounding with the critically injured being received within a median of 30 minutes. Fifty-three USMC personnel were killed in action and 3 died of wounds for a killed in action rate of 13.5% and a died of wounds rate of 0.8% during the invasion phase of Operation Iraqi Freedom. All Marines treated in the FRSS survived. Conclusion: The use of the FRSS in close proximity to the point of engagement during the initial, dynamic combat phase of Operation Iraqi Freedom prevented delays in surgical intervention of USMC combat casualties with resultant beneficial effects on patient outcomes. C1 Naval Hosp, Dept Surg, Med Battal 1, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. Naval Trauma Training Ctr, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. Naval Hosp Pensacola, Dept Surg, Pensacola, FL USA. Naval Hosp Jacksonville, Dept Surg, Jacksonville, FL USA. Naval Hosp Camp Lejeune, Dept Surg, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. US Marine Corps Command & Staff Coll, Quantico, VA USA. RP Bohman, HR (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Dept Surg, Med Battal 1, Box 55191, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. EM hrbohman@cpen.med.navy.mil NR 21 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0004-0010 J9 ARCH SURG-CHICAGO JI Arch. Surg. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 140 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1001/archsurg.140.1.26 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 887ND UT WOS:000226311900005 PM 15655202 ER PT J AU Pollack, JD AF Pollack, JD TI The United States and Asia in 2004 - Unfinished business SO ASIAN SURVEY LA English DT Article AB U.S.-Asian relations in 2004 were largely a waiting game. There were continued challenges to the regional status quo, but the United States was intent on deflecting and deferring the possibility of major change. The Bush administration, preoccupied by the president's reelection campaign and increased violence and instability in Iraq, sought principally to avoid potential crises, while hoping to garner increased regional support for U.S. policy goals, including in Iraq. As a second Bush presidential term approached, the agenda confronting U.S. policy makers seemed uncomfortably full, reflecting equal measures of unfinished business, pressures for change on both sides of the Pacific, and the ever-present potential for a major regional crisis. C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Pollack, JD (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. EM pollackj@nwc.navy.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0004-4687 J9 ASIAN SURV JI Asian Surv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 45 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1525/as.2005.45.1.1 PG 13 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 909WS UT WOS:000227892000002 ER PT B AU Johnston, KJ Dorland, B Gaume, R Hajian, A Hennessy, G Monet, D Olling, R Zacharias, N Seidelmann, PK Seager, S Pravdo, S Coste, K Danner, R Grillmair, C Stauffer, J AF Johnston, KJ Dorland, B Gaume, R Hajian, A Hennessy, G Monet, D Olling, R Zacharias, N Seidelmann, PK Seager, S Pravdo, S Coste, K Danner, R Grillmair, C Stauffer, J BE Seidelmann, PK Monet, AKB TI The Origins Billion Star Survey: Galactic explorer SO Astrometry in the Age of the Next Generation of Large Telescopes SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of Astrometry in the Age of the Next Generation of Large Telescopes CY OCT 18-20, 2004 CL Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ HO Lowell Observ C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Johnston, KJ (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-205-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2005 VL 338 BP 46 EP 52 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDJ24 UT WOS:000233747900005 ER PT B AU Gaume, RA AF Gaume, RA BE Seidelmann, PK Monet, AKB TI Space astrometry in the next decade SO Astrometry in the Age of the Next Generation of Large Telescopes SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of Astrometry in the Age of the Next Generation of Large Telescopes CY OCT 18-20, 2004 CL Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ HO Lowell Observ AB A number of space astrometry missions have been proposed and planned for the next decade, as follow up to the highly successful Hipparcos space astrometry mission (1989-1993). These include DIVA, AMEX (SMEX), AMEX (MIDEX), FAME, JASMINE, SIM-PlanetQuest, Gaia, and OBSS. The capabilities and current status these missions is presented. C1 USN Observ, Dept Astron, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Gaume, RA (reprint author), USN Observ, Dept Astron, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-205-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2005 VL 338 BP 53 EP 57 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDJ24 UT WOS:000233747900006 ER PT B AU Zacharias, N AF Zacharias, N BE Seidelmann, PK Monet, AKB TI The URAT project SO Astrometry in the Age of the Next Generation of Large Telescopes SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of Astrometry in the Age of the Next Generation of Large Telescopes CY OCT 18-20, 2004 CL Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ HO Lowell Observ ID ASTROMETRY; CATALOG AB The U.S. Naval Observatory Robotic Astrometric Telescope (URAT) is designed for an automated all-sky survey to provide accurate positions, proper motions and parallaxes on the 10 mas level and below with a limiting magnitude of about R=21. The goal is to extend the optical reference frame beyond the UCAC (USNO CCD Astrograph Catalog) 16th magnitude limit and provide a direct tie to the defining extragalactic reference frame sources. Access to bright stars (up to 3rd magnitude) is part of the mission. This project will serve DoD needs, provide an accessible, accurate reference frame for other projects like LSST and PanSTARRS, and will have an impact in galactic kinematics studies and solar system bodies orbit determination in the pre-GAIA era. Optical design studies for the 0.85m aperture, f=3.6m astrometric telescope with a 3 degrees diameter field of view are in the final stages. Blanks for the optics will be ordered in fiscal year 2005. The detector development (single chip >= 11K x 11K pixels) is under way with an accepted Small Business Innovation for Research (SBIR) topic. See also the paper about URAT optics. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Zacharias, N (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-205-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2005 VL 338 BP 98 EP 105 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDJ24 UT WOS:000233747900013 ER PT B AU Harris, HC Canzian, B Dahn, CC Guetter, HH Henden, AA Levine, SE Luginbuhl, CB Monet, AKB Monet, DG Munn, JA Pier, JR Stone, RC Tilleman, T Vrba, FJ Walker, RL AF Harris, HC Canzian, B Dahn, CC Guetter, HH Henden, AA Levine, SE Luginbuhl, CB Monet, AKB Monet, DG Munn, JA Pier, JR Stone, RC Tilleman, T Vrba, FJ Walker, RL BE Seidelmann, PK Monet, AKB TI Progress in parallaxes at USNO SO Astrometry in the Age of the Next Generation of Large Telescopes SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of Astrometry in the Age of the Next Generation of Large Telescopes CY OCT 18-20, 2004 CL Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ HO Lowell Observ ID INFRARED ASTROMETRY; DWARFS AB The accuracy of trigonometric parallaxes from the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) has continued to improve. An optical CCD camera is used regularly on the 61-inch telescope. It produces parallaxes with typical errors of +/- 0.5 mas, and can reach +/- 0.3 mas with some effort. The program provides distances, absolute magnitudes, and tangential velocities accurate to a few percent for many white dwarfs and low-luminosity red and brown dwarfs. Other classes of special interest being observed are planetary nebulae, cataclysmic variables, dwarf novae, and dwarf carbon stars. Some stars show residual perturbations from a close companion, and the astrometric orbital solutions indicate a brown dwarf or (in a few cases) a possible planetary-mass companion. In addition, a near-IR, InSb camera is used for parallaxes of very red L and T brown dwarfs. We discuss the relationship of USNO and other programs, and the prospects for further progress. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Harris, HC (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, 10391 W Naval Observ Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-205-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2005 VL 338 BP 122 EP 125 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDJ24 UT WOS:000233747900017 ER PT B AU Olling, RP AF Olling, RP BE Seidelmann, PK Monet, AKB TI Astrometric binaries in the age of the next generation of large (space) telescopes SO Astrometry in the Age of the Next Generation of Large Telescopes SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of Astrometry in the Age of the Next Generation of Large Telescopes CY OCT 18-20, 2004 CL Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ HO Lowell Observ ID SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; CATALOG AB I analyze several catalogs of known visual and spectroscopic binaries and conclude that a large number of binaries are missing in current catalogs. Samples of the best studied (nearby and bright) stars indicate that the true binary fraction may be as high as 95%. A preliminary analysis indicates that these binaries can affect the astrometry significantly. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Olling, RP (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-205-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2005 VL 338 BP 272 EP 275 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDJ24 UT WOS:000233747900040 ER PT B AU Dorland, BN Johnson, S Waczynski, A AF Dorland, BN Johnson, S Waczynski, A BE Seidelmann, PK Monet, AKB TI Status of USNO testing of CCDs for space astrometry missions SO Astrometry in the Age of the Next Generation of Large Telescopes SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of Astrometry in the Age of the Next Generation of Large Telescopes CY OCT 18-20, 2004 CL Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ HO Lowell Observ AB We report on the laboratory testing of two candidate CCDs for space astrometry missions: the STA700 and e2v CCD43 models. We measured noise, dark current and charge transfer inefficiency for both CCDs after high energy proton irradiation at a level equivalent to five years on-orbit for HST, and assessed how effective the radiation damage mitigation capabilities were for each detector. Neither detector fully meets AMEX-level requirements for high-speed, low-noise, radiation hard performance. We discuss future work that should result in development of CCDs that will meet requirements for space astrometry. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Dorland, BN (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Mass Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-205-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2005 VL 338 BP 355 EP 358 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDJ24 UT WOS:000233747900057 ER PT S AU Moore, CI Burris, HR Stell, MF Wasiczko, L Suite, MR Mahon, R Rabinovich, WS Gilbreath, GC Scharpf, WJ AF Moore, CI Burris, HR Stell, MF Wasiczko, L Suite, MR Mahon, R Rabinovich, WS Gilbreath, GC Scharpf, WJ BE Young, CY Gilbreath, GC TI Atmospheric turbulence studies of a 16 km maritime path SO Atmospheric Propagation II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation II CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE lasercom; free-space optical communications; scintillation; atmospheric turbulence ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; COMMUNICATION AB The Naval Research Lab (NRL) is currently operating a lasercom test facility (LCTF) across the Chesaepeake Bay between NRL's Chesapeake Bay Detachment (NRL-CBD) and NRL-Tilghman Island. This lasercom test facility has successfully demonstrated 32 km retro-reflected links at data rates up to 2.5 Gbps. Along with lasercom link studies, atmospheric characterization of. the NRL-CBD to Tilghman Island optical path has been investigated. These studies range from passive optical turbulence monitoring based on angle-of-arrival measurements of a spotlight's apparent motion, to intensity and angle-of-arrival measurements of a retro-reflected laser beam. Currently the LCTF is being upgraded from a retro-reflected link to a direct one-way link from NRL-CBD to NRL-Tilghman Island. Initial measurements of atmospheric turbulence effects in this one-way configuration have recently been performed. Results of these past and current atmospheric turbulence studies are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Adv Syst Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moore, CI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv Syst Technol Branch, Code 8123,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5778-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5793 BP 78 EP 88 DI 10.1117/12.606019 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCR82 UT WOS:000230961700009 ER PT S AU Wasiczko, LM Davis, CC AF Wasiczko, LM Davis, CC BE Young, CY Gilbreath, GC TI Aperture averaging of optical scintillations in the atmosphere: experimental results SO Atmospheric Propagation II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation II CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB The aperture averaging factor is a measurement of the ratio of the atmospheric turbulence-induced irradiance scintillations incident on a receiver with diameter D to those incident on a point receiver. Characterizing the amount of aperture averaging in an optical receiver system will allow for tradeoffs to be made between the error performance of an optical receiver and the size and weight of the receiver. Aperture averaging theory has been extensively developed for optical wave propagation in weak turbulence conditions. A lack of experimental aperture averaging data over a variety of turbulence strengths, test range characteristics, and aperture diameters restricts progress in the development of useable propagation models. Experimental measurements of the aperture averaging factor collected over a test range at the University of Maryland are presented here. The impact of this data on the design of free space optical communication receivers will be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wasiczko, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5778-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5793 BP 197 EP 208 DI 10.1117/12.606020 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCR82 UT WOS:000230961700021 ER PT S AU Shannon, R Quiter, J D'Annunzio, A Meseroll, R Lebron, R Sleracki, V AF Shannon, Russell Quiter, John D'Annunzio, Anthony Meseroll, Robert Lebron, Ruben Sleracki, Vincent GP IEEE TI A systems approach to diagnostic ambiguity reduction in naval avionic systems SO AUTOTESTCON 2005 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2005 Conference CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB There are inefficiencies in the current-United States (U.S.) Navy maintenance system. These inefficiencies waste resources and manpower. Platform-level diagnostics is relegated primarily to built-in-test (BIT). However, BIT is not entirely reliable. Enhanced Organizational, level (O-level) diagnostic functionality is needed to reduce ambiguities between multiple Weapons Replaceable Assemblies (WRA's) and interconnects; thus markedly reducing rates of "cannot duplicate/no fault found" (A-799) conditions. This paper describes an effort at the Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) Lakehurst to improve avionic diagnostics at both the O-level and the Intermediate level (I-level) through the bi-directional exchange of information between these maintenance levels and the use of virtual instrumentation at the O-level. The Integrated Diagnostics and Automated Test Systems (IDATS) team at NAVAIR Lakehurst has established an environment which closely models the O-level and I-level in terms of dataflow. This environment was used to demonstrate several concepts which can be used to augment BIT, enabling smarter maintenance decisions at both levels of maintenance. These concepts were demonstrated using a data processor from an F-14 Avionics Weapons Group 9 (AWG-9) radar system. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. RP Shannon, R (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. EM russell.shannon@navy.mil; john.quiter@navy.mil; anthony.d'annunzio@navy.mil; robert.meseroll@navy.mil; ruben.lebron@navy.mil; vincent.sieracki@navy.mil NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 0-7803-9101-2 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2005 BP 194 EP 200 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2005.1609127 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BEM66 UT WOS:000238179600031 ER PT S AU Ross, WA AF Ross, William A. GP IEEE TI Modernizing a DoD ATS family SO AUTOTESTCON 2005 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2005 Conference CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB This paper discusses the process of modernizing a DoD Automatic Test Systems Family of testers using the Consolidated Automated Support System (CASS), the Navy's standard automatic test systems family, as the case in point. CASS has fielded over 600 mainframe testers and will ultimately support almost 3,000 Navy and Marine Corps avionics and electronics units. The CASS program was initiated in the early 1980s in response to many problems with automatic testing identified by a special study team chartered by the Secretary of the Navy. The actual design of CASS dates from the mid- to late-1980s. The initial CASS stations were ordered in 1990 and CASS entered the fleet in 1994. The last of the 613 production Mainframe CASS stations was ordered in 2002 and delivered in December 2003. The initial CASS stations are 15 years old. Modernization of the early CASS stations is driven by several factors including instrument age and associated obsolescence, condition of the station infrastructure, inflexibility of the architecture, and emerging test requirements that cannot be economically satisfied by the current CASS station configurations. Goals of the CASS Modernization Program include incorporating the test technologies needed to satisfy weapon system testing and operational requirements, implementing a modem open architecture based on the DoD ATS Architecture Framework to facilitate future upgrades, ensuring that test programs are fully transportable, providing for interoperability with other Services, and reducing ownership and obsolescence costs. An essential element for performing trade-offs and analysis is the CASS Implementation Plan - a web-based integrated database containing test requirements, station capabilities and configurations, site outfitting requirements, and Test Program Set data. The process for determining the acquisition strategy and for evaluating alternatives is described. The paper concludes with a discussion of major issues addressed during the modernization decision process. C1 USN, NAVAIRSYSCOM, IPT, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Ross, WA (reprint author), USN, NAVAIRSYSCOM, IPT, PMA260D,47123 Buse Rd,Suite 349, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM william.ross@navy.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 0-7803-9101-2 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2005 BP 333 EP 342 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2005.1609154 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BEM66 UT WOS:000238179600052 ER PT S AU McHugh, M Cluer, S Deffler, J AF McHugh, Mark Cluer, Steve Deffler, James GP IEEE TI Advanced Virtual Instrument Test System (AVITS) SO AUTOTESTCON 2005 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2005 Conference CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB The Advanced Virtual Instrument Test System (AVITS) is a joint service demonstration project intended to facilitate the exploitation of virtual electronic test equipment technologies available commercially. The urgent need for a technology such as this is currently most apparent in the Navy because of both the pending reductions in available manpower/expertise on board ships, and the realization that a shift of workload to the shore infrastructure will not fully facilitate Crew Optimization goals; maintenance will still have to be done on board, especially underway. Technology must be put in place which will bridge the gap between the expertise available on board and the expertise required by placing the needed technical resources actually in the space where it is needed AVITS proposes to marry the technical resource conduit such as Joint Distance Support and Response (JDSR) to the electronic test equipment being used by the maintainer. Once realized, the AVITS concept can facilitate the same Sailor-Technician repairing and maintaining a wide variety of systems without the benefit of formal schooling. While the need for technology such as this is most apparent in the Navy, a capability of this type stands to provide similar maintenance, training, and data collection benefits throughout DoD. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, IHD Seal Beach, Seal Beach, CA 90740 USA. RP McHugh, M (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, IHD Seal Beach, 800 Seal Beach Blvd,NSWC 7442, Seal Beach, CA 90740 USA. EM mark.mchugh@navy.mil; wcluer@adapteq.com; james.deffler@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 0-7803-9101-2 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2005 BP 348 EP 353 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2005.1609156 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BEM66 UT WOS:000238179600054 ER PT J AU Lanyi, G Boboltz, D Charlot, P Fey, A Fomalont, E Gordon, D Jacobs, C Ma, C Naudet, C Sovers, O Zhang, L AF Lanyi, G Boboltz, D Charlot, P Fey, A Fomalont, E Gordon, D Jacobs, C Ma, C Naudet, C Sovers, O Zhang, L TI Radio astrometry at 24 and 43 GHz SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint European and National Astronomical Meeting (JENAM 2003) CY AUG 25-30, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE astrometry; surveys; reference systems AB We describe the goals and initial results of a collaboration formed to survey extragalactic objects at radio frequencies of 24 and 43 GHz. This survey is for extending the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) that is the current coordinate system for astrometry and which is the angular inertial frame of deep space navigation. In principle, the extension should lead to a more stable reference frame. We report upon our initial three 24-hour observing sessions involving about 100 radio sources at the VLBA. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Observ Bordeaux, F-33270 Floirac, France. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Remote Sensing Anal Syst, Altadena, CA 91001 USA. RP Lanyi, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 458 EP 461 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 974HM UT WOS:000232582100038 ER PT S AU Benson, JA AF Benson, JA BE Knuth, KH Abbas, AE Morris, RD Castle, JP TI Bayesian analysis of stellar optical interferometer data SO Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering CY AUG 07-12, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP ET Jaynes Fdn, San Jose State Univ, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Int Soc Bayesian Anal, World Year Phys 2005 DE optical interferometry; Bayesian data analysis AB I describe a work in progress that uses Bayes' theorem, model selection, and marginalization in the analysis of photon count data frames from a stellar optical interferometer (the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer). These data frames in general have between 1-6 stellar fringes (baselines) present. I show how Bayes factors provide a direct way of determining the number of fringes that are present in each data frame. I describe briefly the traditional Fourier-based technique for computing optical interferometry data products. A Bayesian approach, in addition to providing model selection directly from the data frames, also provides a way of combining the computed data products from each data frame in a manner that intrinsically handles the varying SNRs between the data frames. I use simulated data to show comparisons between my Bayesian approach and the traditional Fourier-based technique for the analysis of such data. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Benson, JA (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0292-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 803 BP 146 EP 153 PG 8 WC Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Physics; Mathematics GA BDP78 UT WOS:000234828300015 ER PT J AU Holm, ER Orihuela, B Kavanagh, CJ Rittschof, D AF Holm, ER Orihuela, B Kavanagh, CJ Rittschof, D TI Variation among families for characteristics of the adhesive plaque in the barnacle Balanus amphitrite SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE barnacle; Balanus amphitrite; phenotypic variation; adhesive plaque; tenacity; silicone substrata; fouling-release ID FOULING-RELEASE COATINGS; SURFACES; PROTEIN; ATTACHMENT; EXPRESSION; STRENGTH; MYTILUS; MUSSEL AB A quantitative genetics approach was used to examine variation in the characteristics of the adhesive plaque of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite Darwin attached to two silicone substrata. Barnacles settled on silicone polymer films occasionally form thick, soft adhesive plaques, in contrast to the thin, hard plaques characteristic of attachment to other surfaces. The proportion of barnacles producing a thick adhesive plaque was 0.31 for Veridian, a commercially available silicone fouling-release coating, and 0.18 for Silastic T-2, a silicone rubber used for mold-making. For both materials, significant variation among maternal families in the proportion of barnacles producing a thick adhesive plaque was observed, which suggests the presence of genetic variation, or maternal environmental effects, for this plaque characteristic. For the Veridian coating, barnacles expressing the thick adhesive plaque also exhibited significantly reduced tenacity. This represents the first reported case for potential genetic control of intraspecific phenotypic variation in the physical characteristics and tenacity of the adhesive of a fouling invertebrate. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Dept Marine & Environm Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Holm, ER (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM HolmER@nswccd.navy.mil NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1080/08927010512331344188 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 965VE UT WOS:000231977700005 PM 16167391 ER PT S AU Etter, DM AF Etter, DM BE Jain, AK Ratha, NK TI The link between national security and biometrics SO Biometric Technology for Human Identification II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biometric Technology for Human Identification II CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE biometrics; national security; identification AB National security today requires identification of people, things and activities. Biometrics plays an important role in the identification of people, and indirectly, in the identification of things and activities. Therefore, the development of technology and systems that provide faster and more accurate biometric identification is critical to the defense of our country. In addition, the development of a broad range of biometrics is necessary to provide the range of options needed to address flexible and adaptive adversaries. This paper will discuss the importance of a number of critical areas in the development of an environment to support biometrics, including research and development, biometric education, standards, pilot projects, and privacy assurance. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Etter, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5764-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5779 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1117/12.609778 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BCI59 UT WOS:000229605100001 ER PT S AU Du, YZ Ives, R Bonney, B Etter, D AF Du, YZ Ives, R Bonney, B Etter, D BE Jain, AK Ratha, NK TI Analysis of partial iris recognition SO Biometric Technology for Human Identification II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biometric Technology for Human Identification II CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE 1D iris identification; partial iris; iris recognition AB In this paper, we investigate the accuracy of using a partial iris image for identification and determine which portion of the iris has the most distinguishable patterns. Moreover, we compare these results with the results of Du et. al. using the CASIA database. The experimental results show that it is challenging but feasible to use only a partial iris image for human identification. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Du, YZ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5764-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5779 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1117/12.605918 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BCI59 UT WOS:000229605100005 ER PT S AU Strychacz, C Viirre, E Wing, S AF Strychacz, C Viirre, E Wing, S BE Caldwell, JA Wesensten, NJ TI The use of EEG to measure cerebral changes during computer-based motion sickness-inducing tasks SO Biomonitoring for Physiological and Cognitive Performance during Military Operations SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomonitoring for Physiological and Cognitive Performance during Military Operations CY MAR 31-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE EEG; motion sickness ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; LIMITATIONS AB Motion sickness (MS) is a stressor commonly attributed with causing serious navigational and performance errors. The distinct nature of MS suggests this state may have distinct neural markers distinguishable from other states known to affect performance (e.g., stress, fatigue, sleep deprivation, high workload). This pilot study used new high-resolution electro-encephalograph (EEG) technologies to identify distinct neuronal activation changes that occur during MS. Brain EEG activity was monitored while subjects performed a ball-tracking task and viewed stimuli on a projection screen intended to induce motion sickness/spatial disorientation. Results show the presence of EEG spectral changes in all subjects who developed motion sickness when compared to baseline levels. These changes included: 1) low frequency (1 to 10 Hz) changes that may reflect oculomotor movements rather than intra-cerebral sources; 2) increased spectral power across all frequencies (attributable to increased scalp conductivity related to sweating), 3) local increases of power spectra in the 20-50 Hz range (likely attributable to external muscles on the skull) and; 4) a central posterior (occipital) independent component that shows suppression of a 20 Hz peak in the MS condition when compared to baseline. Further research is necessary to refine neural markers, characterize their origin and physiology, to distinguish between motion sickness and other states and to enable markers to be used for operator state monitoring and the designing of interventions for motion sickness. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Strychacz, C (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5782-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5797 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1117/12.603715 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physiology GA BCR90 UT WOS:000230979900016 ER PT J AU Baran, K Fitch, C Schlessman, J Garcia-Moreno, B AF Baran, K Fitch, C Schlessman, J Garcia-Moreno, B TI Molecular determinants of pKa values of ionizable residues involved in clusters and networks: contributions by short-range interactions and by local conformational fluctuations. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biopys Soc C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 38A EP 38A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378500182 ER PT J AU Gorelik, JV Benton, DCH Monaghan, A Lab, MJ Vodyanoy, I Klenerman, D Moss, GWJ Korchev, YE AF Gorelik, JV Benton, DCH Monaghan, A Lab, MJ Vodyanoy, I Klenerman, D Moss, GWJ Korchev, YE TI Studying of neuronal synapses by scanning ion conductance microscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 305A EP 305A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378501483 ER PT J AU Shenoy, DK Barger, WR Singh, A Panchal, RG Misakian, M Stanford, VM Kasianowicz, JJ AF Shenoy, DK Barger, WR Singh, A Panchal, RG Misakian, M Stanford, VM Kasianowicz, JJ TI Functional reconstitution of protein ion channels into polymerizable phospholipid membranes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biopys Soc C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. USAMRIID, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 552A EP 552A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378502698 ER PT J AU Roy, RS Gopi, HN Raghothama, S Gilardi, RD Karle, IL Balaram, P AF Roy, RS Gopi, HN Raghothama, S Gilardi, RD Karle, IL Balaram, P TI Peptide hairpins with strand segments containing alpha- and beta-amino acid residues: Cross-strand aromatic interactions of facing Phe residues SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE peptide hairpins; hybrid peptides; beta-peptides; anomalous circular dichroism; cross-strand aromatic interactions; exciton split doublet; peptide crystal structure ID SIDE-CHAIN INTERACTIONS; PI-PI-INTERACTIONS; PHENYLALANINE RESIDUES; MODEL SYSTEMS; PROTEINS; DESIGN; CRYSTALS; STABILIZATION; SEQUENCES; TURNS AB The incporation of beta-amino acid residues into the strand segments of designed beta-hairpin leads to the formation of polar sheets, since in the case of beta-peptide strands all adjacent carbonyl groups point in one direction and the amide groups orient in the opposite direction. The conformational analysis of two designed peptide hairpins composed of alpha/beta-hybrid segments are described: Boc-Leti-beta Phe-Val-D-Pro-Gly-Leu-beta Phe-Val-OMe (1) and Boc-beta Leu-Phe-beta Val-D-Pro-Gly-beta Leu-Phe-beta Val-OMe (2). A 500-MHz H-1-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) analysis in methanol supports a significant population of hair-pin conformations in both peptides. Diagnostic nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs) are observed in both cases. X-ray diffraction studies oil single crystals of peptide I reveal a beta-hairpin conformation in both the molecules, which constitute the crystallographic asymmetric unit. Three cross-strand hydrogen bonds and a nucleating type II' beta-turn at the D-Pro-Gly segment are observed in the two independent molecules. In peptide 1, the beta Phe residues at positions 2 and 7 occur at the nonhydrogen-bonding position. with the benzyl side chains pointing on opposite faces of the beta-sheet. The observed aromatic centroid-to-centroid distances are 8.92 angstrom (molecule angstrom) and 8.94 angstrom (molecule B). In peptide 2, the aromatic rings must occupy facing positions in antiparallel strands, hi the NMR-derived structure. Peptide 1 yields a normal "hairpin-like" CD spectrum in methanol with a minimum at 224 nm. The CD spectrum of peptide 2 reveals a negative band at 234 nm and a positive band at 221 nm, suggestive of an exciton split doublet. Modeling of the facing Phe side chains (it the hydrogen-bonding position of a canonical beta-hairpin suggests that interring separation is similar to 4.78 angstrom for the gauche(+)gauche(-) (g(+)g(-)) rotamer. A previously reported peptide beta-hairpin composed of only amino acids, Boe-Leu-Phe-Val-D-Pro-Gly-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe also exhibited an anomalous far-UV (ultraviolet) CD (circular dichroism) spectrum, which was interpreted in terms of interactions between facing aromatic chromophores, Phe 2 and Phe 7. C1 Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Indian Inst Sci, Sophisticated Instruments Facil, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Balaram, P (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM pb@mbu.iisc.ernet.in FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM30902, R01 GM030902-22, R37 GM030902, R01 GM030902] NR 35 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2005 VL 80 IS 6 BP 787 EP 799 DI 10.1002/bip.20294 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 989WH UT WOS:000233704200006 PM 15895435 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, T Kuehl, M Lodahl, M Johnsen, HE Dahl, IMS AF Rasmussen, T Kuehl, M Lodahl, M Johnsen, HE Dahl, IMS TI Possible roles for activating RAS mutations in the MGUS to MM transition and in the intramedullary to extramedullary transition in some plasma cell tumors SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; K-RAS; N-RAS; LINE ANBL6; EXPRESSION; ONCOGENES; PROGRESSION; CD56; TRANSFORMATION AB To assess a possible role in tumor progression, the occurrence and type of K- and N-RAS mutations were determined in purified tumor cells, including samples from patients with premalignant monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), multiple myeloma (MM), and extramedullary, plasma cell (PC) tumors (ExPCTs). Immunophenotypic aberrant PCs were flow sorted from 20 MGUS, 58 MM, and 13 ExPCT patients. One RAS mutation was identified in 20 MGUS tumors (5%), in contrast to a much higher prevalence of RAS mutations in all stages of MM (about 31%). Further, oncogene analyses showed that RAS mutations are not evenly distributed among different molecular subclasses of MM, with the prevalence being increased in MM-expressing cyclin D1 (P =.015) and decreased in MM with t(4;14) (P = .055). We conclude that RAS mutations often provide a genetic marker if not a causal event in the evolution of MGUS to MM. Surprisingly, RAS mutations were absent in bone marrow tumor cells from all patients with ExPCT, a result significantly different from intramedullary MM (P = .001). From 3 of 6 patients with paired intramedullary and extramedullary PCs and identical immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH) sequences, RAS mutations were identified only in extramedullary PCs, suggesting a role for RAS mutations in the transition from intramedullary to extramedullary tumor. (C) 2005 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Herlev Hosp, Dept Hematol, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark. NCI, Genet Branch, Canc Res Ctr, Naval Hosp, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Tromso Hosp, Sect Hematol, N-9012 Tromso, Norway. RP Rasmussen, T (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Herlev Hosp, Dept Hematol, L54P4, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark. EM thra@herlevhosp.kbhamt.dk NR 32 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 105 IS 1 BP 317 EP 323 DI 10.1182/blood-2004-03-0833 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 883FV UT WOS:000225997100053 PM 15339850 ER PT J AU Davis, TA Lennon, G AF Davis, TA Lennon, G TI Mice with a regenerative wound healing capacity and an SLE autoimmune phenotype contain elevated numbers of circulating and marrow-derived macrophage progenitor cells SO BLOOD CELLS MOLECULES AND DISEASES LA English DT Article DE regenerative healing; macrophage progenitor cells; SLE; autoimmunity; monopoiesis ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; APOPTOTIC CELLS; MRL/LPR MICE; PRONE MICE; IFN-GAMMA; LPR MICE; TGF-BETA; FACTOR-I AB Mice from the MRL strain are prone to develop systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and have demonstrated accelerated wound healing and scarless tissue regeneration; however, many of the mechanisms involved in these clinically relevant pathologies are unclear. Prior studies have described macrophage accumulation and functional defects in mice prone to lupus. Monocyte-macrophages have also been shown to have a high degree of plasticity. To determine whether there might be innate differences in the hematopoietic systems of MRL mice, we evaluated hematopoietic progenitor cell content in a variety of tissues and the proliferative responses of derived marrow and thioglycolate (TG)-elicited peritoneal macrophages. Our experiments reveal that MRL mice have significantly lower numbers of circulating blood leukocytes and platelets. Even more strikingly, we found that MRL blood and marrow contain an unusually robust number of unique and assayable macrophage colony-stimulating factor responsive cells which have the characteristics of macrophage colony-forming cell precursors. In culture, in contrast to cells derived from control C57BL/6 mice, this cell type and thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from MRL mice can be extensively expanded with just macrophage colony-stimulating factor to acquire an in situ "f-mac-like" (see Y Zhao, D. Glesne and E. Huberman, A human peripheral blood monocyte-derived subset acts as pluripotent stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, (2003) 2426-2431.) morphology when plated on plastic surfaces. Our results suggest that these increased numbers of macrophage progenitor cells and their potential differentiation plasticity may play a functional role in the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus and may also contribute to the accelerated and scarless tissue regenerative repair response observed in MRL mice. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Endogeny Bio Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, AFRRI Bldg 42,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM davist@nmrc.navy.mil NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1079-9796 J9 BLOOD CELL MOL DIS JI Blood Cells Mol. Dis. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.bcmd.2004.10.001 PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 886XT UT WOS:000226267100003 PM 15607695 ER PT J AU Stone, RS AF Stone, RS TI The beautiful malmaridada or the courtesan SO BULLETIN OF THE COMEDIANTES LA Spanish DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Stone, RS (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUBURN UNIV PI AUBURN PA DEPT FOREIGN LANGUAGES, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0007-5108 J9 B COMEDIANTES JI Bull. Comed. PY 2005 VL 57 IS 1 BP 215 EP 217 PG 3 WC Theater SC Theater GA 970HR UT WOS:000232296400019 ER PT S AU Aha, DW Molineaux, M Ponsen, M AF Aha, DW Molineaux, M Ponsen, M BE MunozAvila, H Ricci, F TI Learning to win: Case-based plan selection in a real-time strategy game SO CASE-BASED REASONING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning CY AUG 23-26, 2005 CL Chicago, IL SP Kaidara Software, Empolis, Naval Res Lab, PricewaterhouseCooper, AAAI AB While several researchers have applied case-based reasoning techniques to games, only Ponsen and Spronck (2004) have addressed the challenging problem of learning to win real-time games. Focusing on WARGUS, they report good results for a genetic algorithm that searches in plan space, and for a weighting algorithm (dynamic scripting) that biases subplan retrieval. However, both approaches assume a static opponent, and were not designed to transfer their learned knowledge to opponents with substantially different strategies. We introduce a plan retrieval algorithm that, by using three key sources of domain knowledge, removes the assumption of a static opponent. Our experiments show that its implementation in the Case-based Tactician (CAT) significantly outperforms the best among a set of genetically evolved plans when tested against random WARGUS opponents. CAT communicates with WARGUS through TIELT, a testbed for integrating and evaluating decision systems with simulators. This is the first application of TIELT. We describe this application, our lessons learned, and our motivations for future work. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ITT Ind, AES Div, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Code 5515, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.aha@nrl.navy.mil; matthew.molineaux@nrl.navy.mil; mjp304@lehigh.edu NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-28174-6 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2005 VL 3620 BP 5 EP 20 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDF64 UT WOS:000233274900004 ER PT J AU Efroimsky, M AF Efroimsky, M TI Long-term evolution of orbits about aprecessing oblate planet: 1. The case of uniform precession SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Division of Dynamical Astronomy of the American-Astronomical-Society CY APR 19-23, 2004 CL Cannes, FRANCE SP Observ Cote Azur, Prov Alpes Cote Azur Reg, Alpes Maritimes Dept, Alcatel Space Ind, Amer Astron Soc, Div Dynam Astron DE near-equatorial satellites of oblate planets; contact orbital elements ID N-BODY PROBLEM; SOLAR-SYSTEM; CLIMATIC VARIATIONS; CORE NUTATION; MARS; SATELLITE; EARTH; MECHANICS; OBLIQUITY; DYNAMICS AB It was believed until very recently that a near-equatorial satellite would always keep up with the planet's equator (with oscillations in inclination, but without a secular drift). As explained in Efromisky and Goldreich [Astronomy & Astrophysics (2004) Vol. 415, pp. 1187-1199], this misconception originated from a wrong interpretation of a (mathematically correct) result obtained in terms of non-osculating orbital elements. A similar analysis carried out in the language of osculating elements will endow the planetary equations with some extra terms caused by the planet's obliquity change. Some of these terms will be non-trivial, in that they will not be amendments to the disturbing function. Due to the extra terms, the variations of a planet's obliquity may cause a secular drift of its satellite orbit inclination. In this article we set out the analytical formalism for our study of this drift. We demonstrate that, in the case of uniform precession, the drift will be extremely slow, because the first-order terms responsible for the drift will be short-period and, thus, will have vanishing orbital averages (as anticipated 40 years ago by Peter Goldreich), while the secular terms will be of the second order only, However, it turns out that variations of the planetary precession make the first-order terms secular. For example, the planetary nutations will resonate with the satellite's orbital frequency and, thereby, may instigate a secular drift. A detailed study of this process will be offered in a subsequent publication, while here we work out the required mathematical formalism and point out the key aspects of the dynamics. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Efroimsky, M (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM me@usno.navy.mil OI Efroimsky, Michael/0000-0003-1249-9622 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 EI 1572-9478 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PY 2005 VL 91 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 108 DI 10.1007/s10569-004-2415-z PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 908IC UT WOS:000227779700006 ER PT J AU Hill, JM AF Hill, JM TI The countervailing aesthetic of joy in 'Troilus and Criseyde' SO CHAUCER REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hill, JM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM Jdomars@aol.com NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENN STATE UNIV PRESS PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 820 NORTH UNIV DRIVE, U S B 1, STE C, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 0009-2002 J9 CHAUCER REV JI Chaucer Rev. PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 280 EP 297 DI 10.1353/cr.2005.0003 PG 18 WC Literature, British Isles; Medieval & Renaissance Studies SC Literature; Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 057KJ UT WOS:000238594400005 ER PT S AU Wallis, E Griffin, TM Popkie, N Eagan, MA McAtee, RF Vrazel, D McKinly, J AF Wallis, E Griffin, TM Popkie, N Eagan, MA McAtee, RF Vrazel, D McKinly, J BE Gardner, PJ TI Instrument response measurements of ion mobility spectrometers in situ: Maintaining optimal system performance of fielded systems SO Chemical and Biological Sensing VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing VI CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE ion mobility spectroscopy; chemical warfare agent detection ID PLASMA CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Ion Mobility Spectroscopy (IMS) is the most widespread detection technique in use by the military for the detection of chemical warfare agents, explosives, and other threat agents. Moreover, its role in homeland security and force protection has expanded due, in part, to its good sensitivity, low power, lightweight, and reasonable cost. With the increased use of IMS systems as continuous monitors, it becomes necessary to develop tools and methodologies to ensure optimal performance over a wide range of conditions and extended periods of time. Namely, instrument calibration is needed to ensure proper sensitivity and to correct for matrix or environmental effects. We have developed methodologies to deal with the semi-quantitative nature of IMS and allow us to generate response curves that allow a gauge of instrument performance and maintenance requirements. This instrumentation communicates to the IMS systems via a software interface that was developed in-house. The software measures system response, logs information to a database, and generates the response curves. This paper will discuss the instrumentation, software, data collected, and initial results from fielded systems. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, EG&G Tech Serv, Crane Div, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Wallis, E (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, EG&G Tech Serv, Crane Div, 300 Highway 361, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 6 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5780-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5795 BP 54 EP 64 DI 10.1117/12.609920 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCS51 UT WOS:000231049800007 ER PT S AU Kim, OK Huang, Z Peterman, E Kirkpatrick, S Sung, CSP AF Kim, OK Huang, Z Peterman, E Kirkpatrick, S Sung, CSP BE Jenekhe, SA Kiserow, DJ TI Novel two-photon absorbing conjugated oligomeric chromophores: Property modulation by pi-center SO CHROMOGENIC PHENOMENA IN POLYMERS: TUNABLE OPTICAL PROPERTIES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chromogenic Phenomena in Polymers CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL Orlando, FL SP ACS Div Polymer Chem ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL CHROMOPHORES; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; 2-PHOTON-ABSORBING CHROMOPHORES; DITHIENOTHIOPHENE; FLUORESCENCE; DERIVATIVES; THIOPHENES; MOLECULES; SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB A series of donor/donor (D/D), donor/acceptor (D/A) and acceptor/acceptor (A/A) pair conjugated chromophores based on a rigid conjugated linker (pi-center) were synthesized (D-pi-D, D-pi-A and A-pi-A) and two-photon absorption properties with a particular emphasis on the role of pi-centers were studied. Optical and electrochemical properties of the chromophores were also investigated and correlated to two-photon absorption properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, OK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3830-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 888 BP 161 EP 172 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Optics; Polymer Science GA BBI63 UT WOS:000225634600012 ER PT B AU Edwards, KL Kaihatu, JM Veeramony, J AF Edwards, KL Kaihatu, JM Veeramony, J BE Smith, JM TI Dissipation of nonlinear shallow water waves SO Coastal Engineering 2004, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Coastal Engineering CY 2004 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP APL, APS, APSS, Bosh, Rexroth Hydraudyne, BV, Etermar, SA, INAG, Irmaos Cavaco, SA, Somague Engenharia, SA ID BOUSSINESQ EQUATIONS; SURF-ZONE; BREAKING; GRAVITY; TRANSFORMATION; SPECTRUM; DEPTH; FORM AB Nonlinear frequency domain formulations of extended Boussinesq equations are studied. The new formulation retains the natural split between continuity and momentum equations, allowing for the dissipation term to be incorporated directly into the momentum equation. Additionally, due to the strong resemblance to the time domain equation, an inverse FFT technique can be used to calculate the nonlinear terms in the time domain, enacting a substantial computational savings. Lastly, a recently-published parameterization for the evolutionary behavior of the high wavenumber tail of surf zone spectra was tested against laboratory data. The experimental parameters of these data may be near the limits of validity for the parameterization, yet the formulation works surprisingly well. These encouraging results may lead the way toward incorporating the parameterization into a nonlinear wave transformation model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Edwards, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Kaihatu, James/H-7561-2016 OI Kaihatu, James/0000-0002-9277-6409 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-298-2 PY 2005 BP 467 EP 476 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BCO76 UT WOS:000230438500036 ER PT B AU Kaihatu, JM Sheremet, A AF Kaihatu, JM Sheremet, A BE Smith, JM TI Dissipation of wave energy by cohesive sediments SO Coastal Engineering 2004, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Coastal Engineering CY 2004 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP APL, APS, APSS, Bosh, Rexroth Hydraudyne, BV, Etermar, SA, INAG, Irmaos Cavaco, SA, Somague Engenharia, SA ID WATER-WAVES; INTERFACIAL WAVES; SURFACE-WAVE; MODEL; BED; TRANSFORMATION; BOTTOM AB Wave energy dissipation by bottom muds is studied. A dissipation mechanism which contains explicit expressions of wavenumber modification due to a viscous bottom fluid is incorporated into a nonlinear wave shoaling model. This formulation allows a preliminary look at mud-induced energy decay without cumbersome root-finding numerics. Several cases of linear and nonlinear wave transformation over sloping and flat bottoms are run with the modified model. It is found that nonlinear energy exchange between spectral components, and a general trending toward spectral whiteness, is exacerbated in the presence of the mud layer. Strongest dissipation occurs only in the lower frequencies, contradicting field measurements of mud-induced decay which show dissipation over the entire frequency range. Thus, the need for a more comprehensive formulation of the interfacial dynamics between the water and the underlying mud layer is apparent. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Kaihatu, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Kaihatu, James/H-7561-2016 OI Kaihatu, James/0000-0002-9277-6409 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-298-2 PY 2005 BP 498 EP 507 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BCO76 UT WOS:000230438500039 ER PT B AU Kriebel, DL AF Kriebel, DL BE Smith, JM TI A design method for timber wave screens SO Coastal Engineering 2004, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Coastal Engineering CY 2004 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP APL, APS, APSS, Bosh, Rexroth Hydraudyne, BV, Etermar, SA, INAG, Irmaos Cavaco, SA, Somague Engenharia, SA AB This paper presents a new set of guidelines for the design of timber wave screen breakwaters. Results are based on a refinement of the eigenfunction expansion theory of Isaacson, Premasiri, and Yang (1998), calibrated and verified using a new set of laboratory experiments. Results are presented in the form of design curves for four variables: wave transmission, wave reflection, wave-induced forces, and overturning moments. Methods are also included to account for uncertainties in predictions. C1 USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kriebel, DL (reprint author), USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-298-2 PY 2005 BP 3891 EP 3903 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BCO76 UT WOS:000230438503041 ER PT J AU Keenan, JV Farman, AG Fedorowicz, Z Newton, JT AF Keenan, JV Farman, AG Fedorowicz, Z Newton, JT TI Antibiotic use for irreversible pulpitis SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PAIN; PENICILLIN; TEETH AB Background Irreversible pulpitis, which is characterised by acute and intense pain, is one of the most frequent reasons that patients attend for emergency dental care. Apart from removal of the tooth the customary way of relieving the pain of irreversible pulpitis is by drilling into the tooth, removing the inflamed pulp (nerve) and cleaning the root canal. However, a significant minority of dentists continue to prescribe antibiotics to stop the pain of irreversible pulpitis. Objectives The objective of this review was to provide reliable evidence regarding the effectiveness of prescribing systemic antibiotics for irreversible pulpitis by comparing clinical outcomes expressed as pain relief. Search strategy We searched the following databases: Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register and Pain, Palliative Care and Supportive (PaPaS) Care Group Trials Register to 6th September 2004; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) The Cochrane Library Issue 3 2004; MEDLINE (1966 to 6th September 2004); EMBASE (1980 to week 36 2004). Selection criteria This review includes one randomised controlled trial which compared pain relief with systemic antibiotics and analgesics, against placebo and analgesics in the acute preoperative phase of irreversible pulpitis. Data collection and analysis Only one trial is included in this review, therefore pooling of data from studies was not possible and a descriptive summary is presented. Main results One trial involving 40 participants was included in this review. There was a close parallel distribution of the pain ratings in both the intervention and placebo groups over the 7 day study period. The between-group differences in sum pain intensity differences (SPID) for the penicillin group were (6.0 +/- 10.5), and for placebo (6.0 +/- 9.5) P = 0.776. The sum pain percussion intensity differences (SPPID) for the penicillin group were (3.5 +/- 7.5) and placebo (2.0 +/- 7.0) P = 0.290, with differences as assessed by the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test considered to be statistically significant at P < 0.05. There was no significant difference in the mean total number of ibuprofen tablets (P = 0.839) and Tylenol tablets (P = 0.325), in either group over the study period. The administration of penicillin over placebo did not appear to significantly reduce the quantity of analgesic medication taken (P > 0.05) for irreversible pulpitis. Authors' conclusions This review which was based on one methodologically sound but low powered small sample trial provided some evidence that there is no significant difference in pain relief for patients with untreated irreversible pulpitis who did or did not receive antibiotics in addition to analgesics. C1 USN, Hlth Clin United Kingdom, FPO, AE 09421 USA. RP Keenan, JV (reprint author), USN, Hlth Clin United Kingdom, PSC 81,Box 51, FPO, AE 09421 USA. EM keenanjv@yahoo.com RI Fedorowicz, Zbys/C-6659-2008 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1469-493X J9 COCHRANE DB SYST REV JI Cochrane Database Syst Rev. PY 2005 IS 2 AR CD004969.pub2 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD004969.pub2 PG 15 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 968YJ UT WOS:000232199200093 ER PT B AU Puglise, KA Brock, RJ McDonough, JJ AF Puglise, KA Brock, RJ McDonough, JJ BE Freiwald, A Roberts, JM TI Identifying critical information needs and developing institutional partnerships to further the understanding of Atlantic deep-sea coral ecosystems SO COLD-WATER CORALS AND ECOSYSTEMS SE Erlangen Earth Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Deep-Sea Corals CY SEP, 2003 CL Erlangen, GERMANY DE deep-sea coral; institutional partnerships; North Atlantic ID PRIMNOA-RESEDAEFORMIS; LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; HABITAT; ALASKA; REEFS; ASSOCIATIONS; PROTECTION; ABUNDANCE; FISHERIES; IMPACTS AB The deep-sea (> 200 m) represents the largest portion of the ocean, but it is probably the least understood because of the technological challenges and financial resources required to explore and research this environment. With the advancement of underwater technology, astonishing images of deep-sea corals living at depths from the surface to greater than 1000 m are now becoming available to both policy makers and the public. More specifically, in the North Atlantic Ocean, these images have led many countries to begin to assess the distribution, status, health, and potential threats faced by these important ecosystems, which appear to be connected by the uniting influence of the Gulf Stream and its associated currents. Since deep-sea coral ecosystems extend beyond national boundaries and encounter similar threats, it was determined that a cooperative effort on both sides of the Atlantic could be beneficial to maximize available resources, share expertise, and exchange data to rapidly increase scientific understanding of deep-sea coral ecosystems. Thus, an international Deep-Sea Corals Workshop was held to identify critical information needs related to: locating and mapping deep-sea corals; understanding more about coral biology and ecology; and using specific deep-sea coral species as indicators of climate change. Priority information needs identified at the workshop were the need to: (1) conduct both low- and high-resolution mapping to locate and characterize deep-sea coral habitats; (2) conduct research on factors that influence deep-sea coral life history patterns; (3) examine how they function as habitat for fish and invertebrate species; (4) develop a comprehensive inventory of deep-sea coral species; and (5) further efforts to analyze past climate changes and to improve climate forecasting models. Described herein are: the results of the Deep-Sea Corals Workshop; other events with a focus on deep-sea corals; and potential pathways to increase U.S.-international collaborative partnerships. C1 USN, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Puglise, KA (reprint author), USN, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM kimberly.puglise@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-24136-1 J9 ERLANGEN EARTH C SER PY 2005 BP 1129 EP 1140 DI 10.1007/3-540-27673-4_57 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCV65 UT WOS:000231441500058 ER PT J AU Wheeler, B AF Wheeler, B TI Anglo-Saxon perceptions of the Islamic world. SO COMPARATIVE LITERATURE STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wheeler, B (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0010-4132 J9 COMP LITERATURE STUD JI Comp. Lit. Stud. PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 232 EP 234 DI 10.1353/cls.2006.0011 PG 3 WC Literature SC Literature GA 057QI UT WOS:000238609900006 ER PT J AU Baucom, JN Zikry, MA AF Baucom, JN Zikry, MA TI Low-velocity impact damage progression in woven E-glass composite systems SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE 3-Dimensional reinforcement; impact behaviour; fragmentation; damage tolerance ID TEXTILE COMPOSITES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; MASS IMPACT; PLATES; FAILURE; MODEL; DELAMINATION; PERFORMANCE; TOLERANCE; BEHAVIOR AB The objective of this experimental study is to obtain a detailed understanding of the effects of reinforcement geometry on damage progression in woven composite panels under repeated drop-weight impact loading conditions. The composite systems included a 2D plain-woven laminate, a 3D orthogonally woven monolith, and a biaxially reinforced warp-knit. The radial spread of damage was smallest for the 2D laminates and largest for the 3D woven composites. The 3D composites had the greatest resistance to penetration and dissipated more total energy than the other systems. This is due to unique energy absorption mechanisms, which involve the crimped portion of z-tows in the 3D composites, and implies that failure can be controlled by manipulation of the properties of the z-tows. The 3D systems provide both an inherent capability to dissipate energy over a larger area and a greater perforation strength than other systems with comparable areal densities and fiber-volume-fractions. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zikry, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 2412 Broughton Hall,Box 7910, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM baucom@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; zikry@unity.ncsu.edu NR 38 TC 78 Z9 84 U1 6 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 5 BP 658 EP 664 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.07.008 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 910NU UT WOS:000227939300012 ER PT J AU Boh, JW Louca, LA Choo, YS Mouring, SE AF Boh, JW Louca, LA Choo, YS Mouring, SE TI Damage modelling of SCRIMP woven roving laminated beams subjected to transverse shear SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE laminates; damage tolerance; finite element analysis; mechanical testing ID COMPOSITES AB Prediction of damage in composite structures is vital for assessing their tolerance to overstressing under various loading conditions. This paper presents a study on progressive damage prediction of a woven roving E-glass/vinyl ester laminated beam subjected to transverse shear. The laminated beam has been manufactured using a novel vacuum assisted resin transfer mould (VARTM) technique known as the Seeman Composite Resin Infusion Moulding Process (SCRIMP). Damage modelling has been conducted using a finite element model capable of modelling damage progression and residual capacity. A user-subroutine for Abaqus/Standard has been developed for this purpose. Various failure criteria and modelling techniques using both shell and solid finite elements are investigated and good correlation has been obtained with test observations. The effects of discretizing the woven roving layers to unidirectional layers to model matrix cracking are reported. The inclusion of resin rich layers between laminated plies that act as delamination layers in the present model has improved the correlation with test data and their detrimental effects have been discussed. The need for further work has also been identified to provide a more robust technique to improve damage predictions. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Offshore Res & Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Louca, LA (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM l.a.louca@imperial.ac.uk NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 5 BP 427 EP 438 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2005.01.001 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 925OY UT WOS:000229063600007 ER PT S AU Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Canedy, CL Meyer, JR AF Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Canedy, CL Meyer, JR BE Woo, JC Hasegawa, H Kwon, YS Yao, T Yoo, KH TI Surface-emitting and edge-emitting mid-IR photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 2004, PROCEEDINGS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors CY SEP 12-16, 2004 CL Seoul Natl Univ, Hoam Convent Ctr, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA HO Seoul Natl Univ, Hoam Convent Ctr AB Recent progress in the development of edge-emitting and surface-emitting photonic-crystal distributed-feedback (PCDFB) lasers is reviewed. PCDFB edge emitters have displayed etendues that are no worse than eight times the diffraction limit for stripes as wide as 600 Pm. PCDFB surface emitters have maintained optical coherence to pump waists as large as 900 mu m with a nearly circular output beam. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-1017-0 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 184 BP 99 EP 104 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BCL58 UT WOS:000229928100021 ER PT B AU Joyner, D Ksir, A AF Joyner, D Ksir, A BE Shaska, T TI Modular representations on some Riemann-Roch spaces of modular curves X(N) SO Computational Aspects of Algebraic Curves SE LECTURE NOTES SERIES ON COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computational Aspects of Algebraic Curves CY MAY 26-28, 2005 CL Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID HO Univ Idaho ID COHOMOLOGY AB We compute the PSL(2, N)-module structure of the Riemann-Roch space L(D), where D is an invariant non-special divisor on the modular curve X(N), with N >= 7 prime. This depends on a computation of the ramification module, which we give explicitly. These results hold for characteristic p if X(N) has good reduction mod p and p does not divide the order of PSL(2, N). We give as examples the cases N = 7, 11, which were also computed using GAP 14]. Applications to AG codes associated to this curve are considered, and specific examples are computed using CAP [4] and MAGMA [6]. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyner, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-459-4 J9 LN SER COMPUTING PY 2005 VL 13 BP 163 EP 205 DI 10.1142/9789812701640_0012 PG 43 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BDJ62 UT WOS:000233842700012 ER PT S AU Michopoulos, J Farhat, C Houstis, E Tsompanopoulou, P Zhang, H Gullaud, T AF Michopoulos, J Farhat, C Houstis, E Tsompanopoulou, P Zhang, H Gullaud, T BE Sunderam, VS VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI Dynamic data driven methodologies for multiphysics system modeling and simulation SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2005, PT 2 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2005) CY MAY 22-25, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Intel Corp, IBM Corp, Microsoft Res, SGI Silicon Graph, Emory Univ, Dpet Math & Comp Sci, Emory Univ, Inst Comparat & Int Studies, Emory Univ, Emory Coll, Emory Univ, Off Provost, Emory Univ, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Springer ID ENVIRONMENT AB We are presenting a progress overview associated with our work on a data-driven environment for multiphysics applications (DDEMA). In this paper, we emphasize the dynamic-data-driven adaptive modeling and simulation aspects. Adaptive simulation examples of sensor-originating data-driven precomputed solution synthesis are given for two applications. Finally, some of the computational implementation details are presented. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Thessaly, Dept Comp Eng & Telecommun, Thessaly, Greece. RP Michopoulos, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Special Project Grp, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20350 USA. EM john.michopoulos@nrl.navy.mil; fcfarhat@stanford.edu; enh@purdue.edu; yotal@uth.gr; hzhang@purdue.edu; tgullaud@stanford.edu RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-26043-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3515 BP 616 EP 623 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCM76 UT WOS:000230023800080 ER PT S AU Michopoulos, J Lambrakos, S AF Michopoulos, J Lambrakos, S BE Sunderam, VS VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI On the fundamental tautology of validating data-driven models and simulations SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2005, PT 2 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2005) CY MAY 22-25, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Intel Corp, IBM Corp, Microsoft Res, SGI Silicon Graph, Emory Univ, Dpet Math & Comp Sci, Emory Univ, Inst Comparat & Int Studies, Emory Univ, Emory Coll, Emory Univ, Off Provost, Emory Univ, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Springer AB Recent advances in-Dynamic Data Driven Application Systems (DDDAS) facilitated by the present level of computational technologies, as well as advances in data-driven modeling and simulation, impose the need for a critical evaluation of paradigms underlying Qualification, Validation and Verification (QV&V). This paper discusses the fundamental irrelevance of conventional validation procedures with respect to data driven models and simulations. This inherent property of data-driven models and simulations makes the data-driven approaches extremely desirable from a reliability perspective. An informal comparison of the logical flow of traditional and evolved QV&V demonstrates the tautological nature of data-driven model validation. A brief epistemological-review of the origins of traditional and evolved QV&V is also presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.michopoulos@nrl.navy.mil; lambrakos@nrl.navy.mil RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-26043-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3515 BP 738 EP 745 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCM76 UT WOS:000230023800095 ER PT S AU Michopoulos, J Tran, N Lambrakos, S AF Michopoulos, J Tran, N Lambrakos, S BE Sunderam, VS VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI A data-driven multi-field analysis of nanocomposites for hydrogen storage SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2005, PT 3 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2005) CY MAY 22-25, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Intel Corp, IBM Corp, Microsoft Res, SGI Silicon Graph, Emory Univ, Dpet Math & Comp Sci, Emory Univ, Inst Comparat & Int Studies, Emory Univ, Emory Coll, Emory Univ, Off Provost, Emory Univ, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Springer AB This paper focuses on computational parameter identification associated with heat and mass diffusion macro-behavioral models of hydrogen storage systems from a continuum multiphysics perspective. A single wall nanotube (SWNT) based composite pellet is considered as our representative finite continuum system. The corresponding partial differential equations (PDEs) governing the spatio-temporal distribution of temperature and hydrogen concentration are formulated. Analytical solutions of the system of coupled PDEs are constructed and utilized in the context of inverse analysis. The corresponding non-linear optimization problem is formulated in order to determine the unknown parameters of the model, based on an objective function and constraints consistent with experimentally acquired data along with the physical and utilization requirements of the problem. Behavioral simulation results are presented in an effort to demonstrate the applicability of the methodology. Finally, we indicate potential extensions of this methodology to multi-scale and manufacturing process optimization. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Components Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Components Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.michopoulos@nrl.navy.mil; nick.tran@nrl.navy.mil; sam.lambrakos@nrl.navy.mil RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-26044-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3516 BP 80 EP 87 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCM77 UT WOS:000230026200011 ER PT S AU Afinidad, FB Levin, TE Irvine, CE Nguyen, TD AF Afinidad, FB Levin, TE Irvine, CE Nguyen, TD BE Gorodetsky, V Kotenko, I Skormin, V TI Foundation for a time interval access control model SO COMPUTER NETWORK SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Mathematical Methods, Models, and Architectures for Computer Network Security CY SEP 25-27, 2005 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF, US Off Naval Res Global, USA Res Lab, European Res Off AB A new model for representing temporal access control policies is introduced. In this model, temporal authorizations are represented by time attributes associated with both subjects and objects, and a "time interval access graph." The time interval access graph is used to define constraints on the temporal relations between subjects and objects. Interval algebra is used to define and analyze the time interval access graph. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Afinidad, FB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM fbafinid@nps.edu; levin@nps.edu; irvine@nps.edu; tdnguyen@nps.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-29113-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3685 BP 406 EP 411 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDI14 UT WOS:000233596000031 ER PT J AU Dunlap, BI AF Dunlap, BI TI Angular momentum in molecular quantum mechanical integral evaluation SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE machine precision; analytic density-functional theory; robust and variational fitting; molecular radial and angular integrals; generalized Gaunt coefficients; three-center integrals and forces; two-electron integ als ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS FUNCTIONS; APPROXIMATE COULOMB POTENTIALS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL METHODS; AUXILIARY BASIS-SETS; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TALMI COEFFICIENTS; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; X-ALPHA; ORBITALS AB Solid-harmonic derivatives of quantum-mechanical integrals over Gaussian transforms of scalar, or radial, atomic basis functions create angular momentum about each center. Generalized Gaunt coefficients limit the amount of cross differentiation for multi-center integrals to ensure that cross differentiation does not affect the total angular momentum. The generalized Gaunt coefficients satisfy a number of other selection rules, which are exploited in a new computer code for computing forces in analytic density-functional theory based on robust and variational fitting of the Kohn-Sham potential. Two-center exponents are defined for four or more solid-harmonic differentiations of matrix elements. Those differentiations can either build up angular momentum about the centers or give forces on molecular potential-energy surfaces, thus generalized Gaunt coefficients of order greater than the number of centers are considered. These 4-j generalized Gaunt coefficients and two-center exponents are used to compute the first derivatives of all integrals involving all the Gaussian exponents on a triplet of centers at once. First all angular factors are contracted with the corresponding part of the linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals density matrix. This intermediate quantity is then reused for the nuclear attraction integral and the integrals corresponding to each basis function in the analytic fit of the Kohn-Sham potential in the muffin-tin-like, but analytic, Slater-Roothaan method that allows molecules to dissociate into atoms having any desired energy, including the experimental electronic energy. The energy is stationary in all respects and all forces precisely agree with a previous code in tests on small molecules. During geometry optimization of an icosahedral C-720 fullerene computing these angular factors and transforming them via the 4-j generalized Gaunt coefficient takes more than sixty percent of the total computer time. These same angular factors could be used in identical fashion with Gaussian transforms of Slater-type and numerical radial atomic orbitals. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dunlap@nrl.navy.mil OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 EI 1879-2944 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 165 IS 1 BP 18 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.09.002 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 886KF UT WOS:000226225200004 ER PT J AU Heitmeyer, C Archer, M Bharadwaj, R Jeffords, R AF Heitmeyer, C Archer, M Bharadwaj, R Jeffords, R TI Tools for constructing requirements specifications: The SCR toolset at the age of ten SO COMPUTER SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PROCESS-CONTROL SYSTEMS; SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS; COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; MODEL CHECKING AB While human effort is critical to creating requirements specifications and human inspection can detect many specification errors, software tools find errors inspections miss and also find certain classes of errors more cheaply. This paper describes a set of tools for constructing and analyzing requirements specifications in the SCR (Software Cost Reduction) tabular notation. The tools include a specification editor, a consistency checker, a simulator, and tools for verifying application properties - including a model checker, a verifier, a property checker based on decision procedures, and an invariant generator. The paper also describes the practical systems to which the tools are being applied as well as sonic new tools recently added to the toolset, e.g. a tool that constructs a sound and complete abstraction from a property and a specification. To illustrate the tools, the paper describes their use in developing a requirements specification for an automobile cruise control system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011; OI Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 NR 54 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU C R L PUBLISHING LTD PI LEICESTER PA 5 WEIR RD, KIBWORTH BEAUCHAMP, LEICESTER LE8 0LQ, ENGLAND SN 0267-6192 J9 COMPUT SYST SCI ENG JI Comput. Syst. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 19 EP 35 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 895BQ UT WOS:000226836300003 ER PT J AU Liakos, A AF Liakos, A TI Finite-element approximation of viscoelastic fluid flow with slip boundary condition SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE finite elements; viscoelastic fluid; slip boundary condition; discontinuous Galerkin Brouwer's fixed point theorem ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; ERROR-BOUNDS; EXISTENCE AB We present a theoretical study of a creeping, steady-state, isothermal flow of a viscoelastic fluid obeying an Oldroyd-type constitutive law with slip boundary condition. The slip boundary condition is appropriate for problems that involve free boundaries and other examples where the usual no-slip condition u = 0 is not valid, such as fiber spinning and microfluidics. First, we study the Newtonian problem with slip boundary condition where the viscoelastic stress is added into the list of unknowns. In addition, the normal viscoelastic stress component associated with the slip boundary condition is introduced. In order to balance its effects, a second inf-sup condition is proven. To treat the discrete case, we assume that the continuous solution of the non-Newtonian problem exists and is small and smooth. Approximating the extra stress, velocity, pressure, and normal viscoelastic stress component via P-1 discontinuous, P-2 continuous, PI continuous, and Po discontinuous elements, respectively, yields a stable finite-element scheme. Finally, via a fixed point argument, we establish the existence of an approximate solution and derive error estimates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Liakos, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM liakos@usna.edu NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 281 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2004.07.013 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 907CT UT WOS:000227693600009 ER PT S AU Walters, RJ Warner, JH Summers, GP Messenger, SR Lorentzen, JR AF Walters, RJ Warner, JH Summers, GP Messenger, SR Lorentzen, JR GP IEEE TI Radiation response mechanisms in multijunction III-V space solar cells SO Conference Record of the Thirty-First IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 2005 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JAN 03-07, 2005 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE ID DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; ENERGY; THICKNESS AB The radiation response mechanisms operative in multijunction (MJ) III-V space solar cells are described. The effects of electron and proton radiation-induced defects on the cell performance are identified, and a detailed description of the MJ solar cell radiation response is presented for several different stoichiometries. Special attention is paid to the case of low energy proton irradiation for both unidirectional, monoenergetic laboratory experiments and omni-directional, spectrum irradiation experienced in a space environment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-8707-4 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2005 BP 542 EP 547 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2005.1488188 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCM81 UT WOS:000230047400131 ER PT S AU Michael, S Bates, AD Green, MS AF Michael, S Bates, AD Green, MS GP IEEE TI Silvaco ATLAS as a solar cell modeling tool SO Conference Record of the Thirty-First IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 2005 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JAN 03-07, 2005 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE AB This paper presents research efforts conducted at the Naval Postgraduate School in the development of an accurate, physically-based solar cell model using the general-purpose ATLAS device simulator by Silvaco International. Unlike solar cell models based on a combination of discrete electrical components, this novel model extracts the electrical characteristics of a solar cell based on virtual fabdcation of its physical structure, allowing for direct manipulation of materials, dimensions, and dopings. In addition, our model has the ability to accurately simulate more advanced solar cell design features including doping gradients optical properties, back-surface fields, back-surface reflectors, windows carrier traps, contact grid shading and complex light spectra. Available outputs include I-V characteristics, photogeneration mapping, and spectral response. The operation of the ATLAS software is described in detail and our, model is applied to known single junction and multijunction solar cell designs. The results of the solar cell simulation in ATLAS are compared and shown to be similar to published experimental,results. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Michael, S (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-8707-4 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2005 BP 719 EP 721 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2005.1488232 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCM81 UT WOS:000230047400175 ER PT S AU Walters, RJ Warner, JH Summers, GP Gilbreath, GC Murphy, JL Rabinovich, WS Messenger, SR Lorentzen, JR Wilt, DM Krasowski, MJ Jenkins, PP Smith, MA AF Walters, RJ Warner, JH Summers, GP Gilbreath, GC Murphy, JL Rabinovich, WS Messenger, SR Lorentzen, JR Wilt, DM Krasowski, MJ Jenkins, PP Smith, MA GP IEEE TI Photovoltaically powered modulating retroreflector optical data links SO Conference Record of the Thirty-First IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 2005 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JAN 03-07, 2005 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE AB The development of a photovoltaically (PV) powered, laser communication system that constitutes a miniature, highly energy-efficient wireless communication technology is described. The technology is based on the direct integration of a multi-quantum well (MQW) modulating retroreflector (MRR) optical communication node and a monolithically integrated module (MIM) PV power source. The MQW MRR optical data link exploits the shift in the MQW absorption peak under an applied reverse bias to modulate incident laser light enabling binary encoding of data for transfer. A MIM consists of many individual solar cells monolithically integrated on a single substrate and offers the design versatility necessary to allow efficient electrical conversion of both incident sunlight and the system laser-light and the ability to match the voltage output to the MRR requirements. A description of the development of the MRR and MIM components of the system along with the power management and distribution circuitry is given. Results of bench-top demonstrations of the operational system are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-8707-4 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2005 BP 735 EP 738 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2005.1488237 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCM81 UT WOS:000230047400180 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Smith, GB Lindemann, GJ AF Marmorino, GO Smith, GB Lindemann, GJ TI Infrared imagery of large-aspect-ratio Langmuir circulation SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Langmuir circulation; infrared imagery; West Florida shelf ID DRIVEN AB Airborne infrared imagery collected off the West Florida coast reveals Langmuir circulation patterns having across-wind spacings of the order of ten times the local water depth. This implies a much flatter circulation cell than has been typically reported but supports observations made off the Texas coast by Hunter and Hill (Remote Sensing Environ. 10 (1980) 115). The conditions under which such large-aspect-ratio circulation cells form remain unclear. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7230, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marmorino@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2004.08.002 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 884YV UT WOS:000226123500001 ER PT J AU Smith, SR Jacobs, GA AF Smith, SR Jacobs, GA TI Seasonal circulation fields in the northern Gulf of Mexico calculated by assimilating current meter, shipboard ADCP, and drifter data simultaneously with the shallow water SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE barotropic motion; continental shelves; least-squares method; Eulerian current measurement; Lagrangian current measurement; Gulf of Mexico ID LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MODEL AB Velocity measurements from current meter moorings, shipboard acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs), and satellite-tracked drifters are used to estimate the seasonally averaged barotropic circulation throughout the continental shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico in two regions: the Northeast Gulf of Mexico (NEGOM) shelf and the Louisiana-Texas (LATEX) shelf. A variational assimilation approach (weighted least squares) is used to combine the data simultaneously with a system of dynamical equations (time-in dependent shallow water equations), where the weights are based on the expected errors in the dynamical equations and measurements. Smoothing and boundary constraints are also included in this system to impose a spatial decorrelation scale and to restrict the component of flow that is perpendicular to the coastline, respectively. Seasonal solutions are therefore best fits to the weighted measurements, dynamics, and constraints, and thus do not fit any component exactly. Analysis of the solution deviations to the dynamical equations reveal where and during which seasons the dynamics and data are in disagreement. The largest deviations from the proposed dynamics occur at the head of the DeSoto Canyon on the NEGOM shelf and at the southwest corner of the LATEX shelf. Therefore, in these areas, there are processes occurring that are not described by the simplified barotropic dynamics. At the head of the DeSoto Canyon, the large source of error is believed to be due to deep-ocean water penetrating across the shelfbreak, whereas the process that occurs at the southwest corner of the LATEX shelf is proposed to be a result of a convergence zone caused by loop current eddies. Error analysis reveals that current meter data are more capable of constraining the solution than the other two data types due to its ability to more accurately observe barotropic currents. Separate experiments are conducted using the shipboard ADCP and drifter data sets individually to determine the relative observation capability. These experiments reveal that both data types provide reasonable estimations of seasonal flow fields. Results on the LATEX shelf suggest that shipboard ADCP data is more capable of observing the seasonal barotropic flow than drifter data. Whereas, on the NEGOM shelf results imply that drifter data are more capable. This result, however, may be skewed due to the shipboard ADCP and drifter data sets being collected during different years. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Smith, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM smithsc@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 157 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2004.09.010 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 890IJ UT WOS:000226504600001 ER PT J AU Warn-Varnas, A Gangopadhyay, A Hawkins, JA Robinson, AR AF Warn-Varnas, A Gangopadhyay, A Hawkins, JA Robinson, AR TI Wilkinson Basin area water masses: a revisit with EOFs SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Wilkinson Basin; water masses; profile method; cluster analysis; EOFs; feature models ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; GEORGES BANK; MAINE; GULF; CIRCULATION AB Hydrographic data sets from the Brooks (J. Geophys. Res. 90 (1985) 4687) survey are used for the initial study of water mass characteristics and distributions of the Wilkinson Basin area in the northwest corner of the Gulf of Maine. Parameters of Maine Surface, Intermediate, Bottom, and Slope waters are derived from the available conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) casts and developed using cluster analysis with a distribution function for cluster point differences in temperature, salinity and depth. The cluster analysis yields two distinct surface water masses, one of which is warmer and less salty. This warmer water mass could be a result of the transport of fresher water into the western Wilkinson basin area by a branch of the Maine Coastal Current and subsequent solar heating. A variance-based empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) analysis associated with water masses in the Wilkinson Basin area is simultaneously undertaken for the advancement of feature models. The cloud of points representing each water mass in terms of temperature, salinity, and depth are derived through cluster analysis and identified as matrix elements in the singular-value-decomposition (SVD) and covariance analysis. Covariance and correlation statistics of the water masses are analyzed. The vertical temperature and salinity is reconstructed through an EOF decomposition of each water mass cloud of points and a summation of all of them for the resultant vertical distribution. This constitutes the basis for a water mass-based feature model with latest-measurement update capability. The percentage of the water volume occupied by each of the five water masses is derived and expressed as a function of depth and CTD cast location. The means, standard deviations, and ranges of the water masses are extracted in the temperature-salinity-depth space. The origin and formation of the water masses is considered together with the controlling physical processes. The prevalent dynamics is related to the water mass structure and characteristics. It is shown that slope water arrives into the Wilkinson Basin area from the Northeast Channel. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Phys, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Slidell, LA 70458 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Warn-Varnas, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM varnas@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 277 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2004.09.005 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 890IJ UT WOS:000226504600008 ER PT S AU Vourlidas, A AF Vourlidas, A BE Dere, K Wang, J Yan, Y TI Error estimates in the measurements of mass and energy in white light CMEs SO CORONAL AND STELLAR MASS EJECTIONS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 226th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY SEP 13-17, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Astron Union, Div II, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observat, Local Org Comm, Int Astron Union, Minist Sci & Technol, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, SOHO Project, SOHO/LASCO Project DE Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vourlidas, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM angelos.vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 0-521-85197-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2005 IS 226 BP 76 EP 76 DI 10.1017/S1473921305000177 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDF01 UT WOS:000233166700011 ER PT S AU Muglach, K Dere, K AF Muglach, K Dere, K BE Dere, K Wang, J Yan, Y TI The evolution of photospheric source regions of CMEs SO CORONAL AND STELLAR MASS EJECTIONS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 226th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY SEP 13-17, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Astron Union, Div II, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observat, Local Org Comm, Int Astron Union, Minist Sci & Technol, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, SOHO Project, SOHO/LASCO Project DE Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : photosphere; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC-FLUX AB In this presentation we determine the source regions of CMEs that were observed with SoHO/LASCO during times of solar activity maximum (Feb./Mar. 2000) and during the declining phase of the solar cycle (Nov./Dec. 2002). The CMEs were traced back onto the disk and EIT EUV images were used for identifying the sources. With the help of MDI synoptic magnetograms we follow the evolution of the photospheric magnetic flux about 24h before and 12h after the event. We find that about 87% of the identified CME source regions show small-scale flux changes before the event, usually flux emergence and/or flux disappearance. In 13% of the cases we find no signature of photospheric flux changes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Muglach, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM muglach@nrl.navy.mil; kdere@gmu.edu; kdere@gmu.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 0-521-85197-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2005 IS 226 BP 179 EP 183 DI 10.1017/S1743921305000451 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDF01 UT WOS:000233166700039 ER PT S AU Tylka, AJ AF Tylka, AJ BE Dere, K Wang, J Yan, Y TI Energetic particle from CME-driven shocks: Spectra, composition, and timing SO CORONAL AND STELLAR MASS EJECTIONS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 226th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY SEP 13-17, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Astron Union, Div II, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observat, Local Org Comm, Int Astron Union, Minist Sci & Technol, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, SOHO Project, SOHO/LASCO Project DE Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : particle emission C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tylka, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 0-521-85197-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2005 IS 226 BP 330 EP 331 DI 10.1017/S1743921305000815 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDF01 UT WOS:000233166700075 ER PT J AU Shifler, DA Aylor, DM AF Shifler, David A. Aylor, Denise M. BE Baboian, R TI Seawater SO CORROSION TESTS AND STANDARDS: APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION, 2ND EDITION SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SULFIDE-POLLUTED SEAWATER; STAINLESS-STEELS; SEA-WATER; CREVICE CORROSION; ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE; ACCELERATED CORROSION; GALVANIC CORROSION; COATED METALS; BIOFILMS; ALLOYS C1 [Shifler, David A.; Aylor, Denise M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Shifler, DA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 613,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 98 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-2098-3 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2005 IS MNL20 BP 362 EP 379 D2 10.1520/MNL20_2ND-EB PG 18 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BWO66 UT WOS:000294411500032 ER PT B AU Brossia, CS Shifler, DA AF Brossia, C. S. Shifler, D. A. BE Baboian, R TI Organic Liquids SO CORROSION TESTS AND STANDARDS: APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION, 2ND EDITION SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; METHANOLIC SOLUTIONS; STAINLESS-STEEL; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; ANODIC-OXIDATION; PASSIVITY; IRON; WATER; LITHIUM; ELECTROPOLYMERIZATION C1 [Brossia, C. S.] SW Res Inst, Environm Performance Mat Sect, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Shifler, D. A.] USN, Marine Corros Branch, Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Brossia, CS (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Environm Performance Mat Sect, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-2098-3 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2005 IS MNL20 BP 448 EP 456 D2 10.1520/MNL20_2ND-EB PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BWO66 UT WOS:000294411500040 ER PT B AU Behr, BB AF Behr, BB BE Barnes, TG TI Chemical abundances along the horizontal branch SO Cosmic Abundances as Records of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis in Honor of David L. Lambert SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Cosmic Abundances as Records of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis CY JUN 17-19, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP McDonald Observ, Univ Texas Dept Astron ID RR LYRAE VARIABLES; HOT HB STARS; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; RADIATIVE LEVITATION; CONSEQUENCES; ROTATION; HALO AB Horizontal-branch stars are tempting targets for chemical abundance analysis via high-resolution spectroscopy, as they are reasonably luminous and span a wide range of effective temperature. so that the absorption lines of many different chemical species can be observed. The cooler HB stars provide useful checkpoints for tracing the chemical evolution of low-mass stars between the red giant branch and asymptotic giant branch stages. The hotter HB stars. however, display surface abundances which are greatly altered by diffusion effects in their atmospheres. Although these abundance variations make it difficult (if not impossible) to assess the true abundance development of these stars, they provide interesting insights into atmospheric structure and dynamics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Behr, BB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7215, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-201-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2005 VL 336 BP 131 EP 138 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDF11 UT WOS:000233167700012 ER PT S AU Jiang, JH Eckermann, SD Wu, DL Hocke, K Wang, B Ma, J Zhang, Y AF Jiang, JH Eckermann, SD Wu, DL Hocke, K Wang, B Ma, J Zhang, Y BE Clemesha, B Taylor, M TI Seasonal variation of gravity wave sources from satellite observation SO COUPLING PROCESSES IN THE MLT REGION SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res ID LIMB SOUNDER OBSERVATIONS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; GPS OCCULTATION; STRATOSPHERE; CLIMATOLOGY AB Recent high-resolution satellite observations of gravity waves in the middle atmosphere have shown correlations with the strength of the stratospheric jet stream, surface topography, and tropical convection. Seasonal variations of wave-induced stratospheric radiance variances are often the manifestations of modulations of these sources and refractive influences. In this paper, we focus on the seasonal climatology of gravity waves observed by the UARS MLS, while also showing some new results from GPS and AMSU instruments. Our analysis is aided by MWFM modeling of mountain waves at high latitudes and CMAP precipitation indices in the subtropics to provide a clearer picture of global gravity wave dynamics. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Jiang, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jonathan@mls.jpl.nasa.gov RI Wu, Dong/D-5375-2012 NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2005 VL 35 IS 11 SI 2005 BP 1925 EP 1932 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.099 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDS99 UT WOS:000235190900007 ER PT J AU Omron, EM Gilbert, RC AF Omron, EM Gilbert, RC TI Strong ion gap SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Omron, EM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 266 EP 266 DI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000148174.18460.9D PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 887WN UT WOS:000226336300057 PM 15644699 ER PT S AU Schriempf, JT AF Schriempf, JT BE Schriempf, JT TI Critical review: Industrial lasers and applications SO Critical Review: Industrial Lasers and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Critical Review CY JAN 24, 2005 CL San Jose, CA C1 USN, Directed Energy & Elect WEap Program Off, Washington, DC USA. RP Schriempf, JT (reprint author), USN, Directed Energy & Elect WEap Program Off, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5680-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5706 BP VII EP XI PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCH57 UT WOS:000229335900001 ER PT S AU Canright, D AF Canright, D BE Rao, JR Sunar, B TI A very compact S-box for AES SO CRYPTOGRAPHIC HARDWARE AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - CHES 2005, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems (CHES 2005) CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 2005 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP Int Assoc Cryptol Res AB A key step in the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm is the "S-box." Many implementations of AES have been proposed, for various goals, that effect the S-box in various ways. In particular, the most compact implementations to date of Satoh et al.[14] and Mentens et al.[6] perform the 8-bit Galois field inversion of the S-box using subfields of 4 bits and of 2 bits. Our work refines this approach to achieve a more compact S-box. We examined many choices of basis for each subfield, not only polynomial bases as in previous work, but also normal bases, giving 432 cases. The isomorphism bit matrices are fully optimized, improving on the "greedy algorithm." Introducing some NOR gates gives further savings. The best case improves on [14] by 20%. This decreased size could help for area-limited hardware implementations, e.g., smart cards, and to allow more copies of the S-box for parallelism and/or pipelining of AES. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Canright, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dcanright@nps.edu NR 17 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-28474-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3659 BP 441 EP 455 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDA45 UT WOS:000232264200032 ER PT J AU Robinson, GE AF Robinson, GE TI After Arafat SO CURRENT HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Middle Eastern Studies, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Robinson, GE (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT HIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 4225 MAIN ST PO BOX 4647, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19127 USA SN 0011-3530 J9 CURR HIST JI Curr. Hist. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 104 IS 678 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 881UO UT WOS:000225895100003 ER PT J AU Sanders, JW Putnam, SD Riddle, MS Tribble, DR AF Sanders, JW Putnam, SD Riddle, MS Tribble, DR TI Military importance of diarrhea: lessons from the Middle East SO CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE diarrhea; military; Iraq; Afghanistan; Middle East ID TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CLINICAL-FEATURES; IRAQ; DISEASE; GASTROENTERITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AFGHANISTAN; CIPROFLOXACIN; PREVALENCE AB Purpose of review Historically, diarrhea has been one of the most important diseases encountered during military operations. With more than 140,000 US military personnel currently deployed to the Middle East in support of the global war on terror, it is important for health care providers and planners to be aware of the incidence and potential impact of diarrheal disease in that region. Recent findings Recently published data from mid-deployment surveys assessing the incidence and clinical impact of diarrhea on troops deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan have been updated and presented along with a review of the recent literature concerning diarrheal pathogens of military concern in the Middle East. Of 4348 volunteers, 76% reported at least one diarrhea episode during their deployment and more than half reported multiple episodes. In 45% of subjects, diarrhea resulted in decreased job performance for a median of 3 days. Diarrhea resulted in 62% of subjects seeking medical care at least once, and 31% required intravenous rehydration. In 17% of subjects, diarrhea resulted in confinement to bed for a median of 2 days, causing an estimated 3.7 days (Poisson 95% Cl, 3.4 to 4.0 days) of complete work loss per 100 person-months. Summary Despite modern preventive medicine efforts, diarrhea rates remain high, and the impact of illness remains a threat to military efficiency. Novel enteric disease research programs designed to decrease the impact of diarrhea on the military mission are needed, The development of enteric vaccines and appropriate treatment regimens remain a top priority. C1 Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Sanders, JW (reprint author), NAMRU-3,PSC 452,Box 117, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM SandersJ@namru3.org RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 38 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0267-1379 J9 CURR OPIN GASTROEN JI Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 881NQ UT WOS:000225874600003 PM 15687878 ER PT J AU Wilfong, ER Jederberg, WW Arfsten, DP Johnson, EW Thitoff, AR Brinkley, WW Schaeffer, DJ AF Wilfong, ER Jederberg, WW Arfsten, DP Johnson, EW Thitoff, AR Brinkley, WW Schaeffer, DJ TI Effects of subchronic dermal application of break-free CLP (R) in CD-1 mice SO CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE break-Free CLP; polyalphaolefin; subchronic; dermal toxicity; dermal irritation; mRNA expression; ALKP activity ID GENE-EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; MOUSE SKIN; CYTOCHROME-P450 ISOZYMES; RAT SKIN; TOXICITY; CYCLOOXYGENASES; KERATINOCYTES; IRRITATION; INDUCTION; EXPOSURE AB Break-Free CLPtrademark (Break-Free CLP) is a commercial metal cleaning, lubricating, and preserving compound used by the military, law enforcement agencies, and private citizens primarily for cleaning/maintenance of bore weapons. Break-Free CLP is predominantly polyalphaolefin oil, but it also contains dibasic ester, and isoparaffinic hydrocarbons, all of which have induced dermal irritation in laboratory animals. Studies were conducted to determine the biological effects of subchronic dermal application of Break-Free CLP to the clipped backs of CD-1 mice. Break-Free CLP, 2.5% croton oil (CO; positive control) or acetone (control vehicle) were applied neat, 50 mu L/application, three times/week for 90 days. One 50-mu L application to a 20 x 3 cm mouse dorsal skin surface area is roughly equivalent to human dermal contact with 260 mu L of Break-Free CLP, assuming that contact with the material is primarily with the upper arms, forearms, and hands. Subchronic application of 2.5% CO in acetone (positive control) and Break-Free CLP resulted in gradual accumulation of a dermal irritation response over the 90-day study period. Foci of epithelial ulceration were evident in application site skin cross sections from Break-Free CLP- and CO-treated mice, with more cases of ulceration occurring in animals treated with CO (50 versus 20%). Genes involved in wound healing and skin defense pathways were also significantly affected by subchronic topical exposure to Break-Free CLP. Both alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) activity and the percentage of lymphocytes were significantly decreased for Break-Free CLP- and CO-treated animals, compared with their respective controls, suggesting systemic effects as a result of subchronic dermal application. Analysis of other major organs did not identify histopathology suggestive of toxicity, but dermal treatment with Break-Free CLP was associated with the down-regulation of a number of genes in the liver involved in stress response and metabolism. The results of this study support the manufacturer's recommendations that personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used with this product to prevent the development of chronic irritation as a result of repeat exposure. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachement, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, 2729 R St,Bldg 837, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@wpafb.af.mil NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3829 J9 CUTAN OCUL TOXICOL JI Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 197 EP 216 DI 10.1081/CUS-200068635 PG 20 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 970WK UT WOS:000232342900006 ER PT J AU Donnelly, AA Butler, R Miller, CH AF Donnelly, AA Butler, R Miller, CH TI A case of Kaposi varicelliform eruption in Darier-White disease SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL-FEATURES AB This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and Policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint sponsorship of Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Quadrant HealthCom, Inc. Albert Einstein College of Medicine is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Albert Einstein College of Medicine designates this educational activity for a maximum of 1 category 1 credit toward the AMA Physician's Recognition Award. Each physician should claim only that credit that he/she actually spent in the activity. This activity has been planned and produced in accordance with ACCME Essentials. C1 Branch Med Clin, Everett, WA USA. USN Hosp, Bremerton, WA USA. Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA USA. USN Hosp, Dept Dermatol, USN Reserve, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Donnelly, AA (reprint author), Branch Med Clin, Everett, WA USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JAN PY 2005 VL 75 IS 1 BP 33 EP 36 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 889WN UT WOS:000226473600004 PM 15732432 ER PT S AU Kang, W Mao, J AF Kang, W Mao, J BE Emami, I TI Robust control of lithographic process in semiconductor manufacturing SO Data Analysis and Modeling for Process Control II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Data Analysis and Modeling for Process Control II CY MAR 03-04, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Int SEMATECH DE adaptive model; CD control; stability; sensitivity ID RUN AB In this paper, a stability analysis is conducted for several feedback controllers of photolithography processes. We emphasize the stability of process controllers in the presence of model mismatch, and other uncertainties such as system drift and unknown noise. Real data of critical dimension (CD) in shallow trench isolation area from an Intel manufacturing fab is used for model analysis. The feedbacks studied in this paper include a controller based on an adaptive model, and several controllers based on existing estimation methods such as EWMA, extended EWMA, and d-EWMA. Both theoretical analysis and computer simulations are presented to show the stability of the controlled process under these feedbacks. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5735-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5755 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1117/12.600365 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCO30 UT WOS:000230402000005 ER PT S AU Zhan, J Matwin, S Chang, LW AF Zhan, J Matwin, S Chang, LW BE Jajodia, S Wijesekera, D TI Privacy-preserving collaborative association rule mining SO DATA AND APPLICATIONS SECURITY XIX, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Conference on Data and Applications Security CY AUG 07-10, 2005 CL Storrs, CT SP IFIP WG 11 3 DE privacy; security; association rule mining AB This paper introduces a new approach to a problem of data sharing among multiple parties, without disclosing the data between the parties. Our focus is data sharing among parties involved in a data mining task. We study how to share private or confidential data in the following scenario: multiple parties, each having a private data set, want to collaboratively conduct association rule mining without disclosing their private data to each other or any other parties. To tackle this demanding problem, we develop a secure protocol for multiple parties to conduct the desired computation. The solution is distributed, i.e., there is no central, trusted party having access to all the data. Instead, we define a protocol using homomorphic encryption techniques to exchange the data while keeping it private. C1 Univ Ottawa, Sch Informat Technol & Engn, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Polish Acad Sci, Warsaw, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC USA. RP Univ Ottawa, Sch Informat Technol & Engn, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. EM zhizhan@site.uottawa.ca; stan@site.uottawa.ca; lchang@itd.nrl.navy.mil OI Matwin, Stan/0000-0001-6629-8434 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-28138-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3654 BP 153 EP 165 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCT52 UT WOS:000231117300012 ER PT S AU Lynch, RS Willett, PK AF Lynch, RS Willett, PK BE Dasarathy, BV TI Utilizing unsupervised learning to cluster data in the Bayesian data reduction algorithm SO Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information Assurance, and Data Networks Security 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information Assurance and Data Networks Security 2005 CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE adaptive classification; noninformative prior; discrete data; unknown data distribution AB In this paper, unsupervised learning is utilized to illustrate the ability of the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm (BDRA) to cluster unlabeled training data. The BDRA is based on the assumption that the discrete symbol probabilities of each class are a priori uniformly Dirichlet distributed, and it employs a "greedy" approach (similar to a backward sequential feature search) for reducing irrelevant features from the training data of each class. Notice that reducing irrelevant features is synonymous here with selecting those features that provide best classification performance; the metric for making data reducing decisions is an analytic formula for the probability of error conditioned on the training data. The contribution of this work is to demonstrate how clustering performance varies depending on the method utilized for unsupervised training. To illustrate performance, results are demonstrated using simulated data. In general, the results of this work have implications for finding clusters in data mining applications. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Lynch, RS (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI 02840 USA. OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5797-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5812 BP 158 EP 167 DI 10.1117/12.603522 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BCK95 UT WOS:000229800000016 ER PT S AU Smith, JF Nguyen, TH AF Smith, JF Nguyen, TH BE Dasarathy, BV TI Data mining based automated reverse engineering and defect discovery SO DATA MINING, INTRUSION DETECTION, INFORMATION ASSURANCE, AND DATA NETWORKS SECURITY 2005 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information Assurance and Data Networks Security 2005 CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE data mining; knowledge discovery; genetic programs; genetic algorithms; reverse engineering; defect discovery AB A data mining based procedure for automated reverse engineering and defect discovery has been developed. The data mining algorithm for reverse engineering uses a genetic program (GP) as a data mining function. A GP is an evolutionary algorithm that automatically evolves populations of computer programs or mathematical expressions, eventually selecting one that is optimal in the sense it maximizes a fitness function. The system to be reverse engineered is typically a sensor that may not be disassembled and for which there are no design documents. The sensor is used to create a database of input signals and output measurements. Rules about the likely design properties of the sensor are collected from experts. The rules are used to create a fitness function for the GP allowing GP based data mining. This procedure incorporates not only the experts' rules into the fitness function, but also the information in the database. The information extracted through this process is the internal design specifications of the sensor. These design properties can be used to create a fitness function for a genetic algorithm, which is in turn used to search for defects in the digital logic design. Significant theoretical and experimental results are provided. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jfsmith@drsews.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5797-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5812 BP 232 EP 242 DI 10.1117/12.602077 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BCK95 UT WOS:000229800000023 ER PT J AU Riser, SC Jacobs, G AF Riser, SC Jacobs, G TI The Japan/East Sea: A historical and scientific introduction SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID WATER C1 Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Riser, SC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 11-13 BP 1359 EP 1362 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.05.002 PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 967EW UT WOS:000232075300001 ER PT J AU Hogan, PJ Hurlburt, HE AF Hogan, PJ Hurlburt, HE TI Sensitivity of simulated circulation dynamics to the choice of surface wind forcing in the Japan/East Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; OCEAN; STRESS AB The circulation sensitivity to the choice of wind-forcing product is investigated with the NRL Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) configured for the Japan, East Sea. Monthly climatologies from seven different wind-stress data sets (and wind-stress curl) are formed from observed and model-derived atmospheric data The resulting, maps (of wind-stress curl reveal significantly different spatial patterns and magnitudes even two with largely opposite large-scale patterns of wind-stress curl. These wind sets were used in forcing three Sets of simulations 1, 8 and 1, 8 and 1, 32 nonlinear. In addition. seasonally varying straits forcing (inflow through Tsushima balanced by outflow through Tsugaru and Soya) was included in. all the simulations, and simulations with straits forcing only were performed, The 1.5-layer linear reduced-gravity simulations include only the lowest order dynamics. mainly Munk beta(1,3) western boundary layers (due to both wind and straits forcing) and a Sverdrup interior. The nonlinear siniulations ad([ bottom topography, multiple internal modes, diapycnal mixing, and ventilation of layer interfaces. At 1 8 resolution, Only weak barotropic/ baroclinic instabilities occur, but at 1/32- resolution these are Much stronger, allowing vigourous transfer of energy from the upper ocean to the abyssal layer via baroclinic instability. This drives much stronger mean abyssal currents that more strongly steer upper-ocean Current pathways than at 1,8, i.e. there is much stronger upper ocean topographical coupling. The linear model simulates most of the basic features. e.g,, the subpolar gyre with all but the straits forcing only, the East Korean Warm Current (EKWC) and its connection to the subpolar front with all but one wind-forcing set. but the remaining wind set gives a continuous Nearshore Branch (NB) of the Tsushima Warm Current along the coast of Honshu. In all of the linear Simulations with in EKWC, the separation latitude from the coast of Korea is determined by the latitude (similar to 41 N) of the Tsugaru Strait outflow (too far north) except for ore. which is also too far north.. All of the nonlinear simulations include the NB. which is mainly due to isopyenal outcropping. This creates another inflow to outflow pathway. diverting some of the flow from the EKWC and allowing the wind-stress curl to compete better with straits forcing in determining the EKWC separation latitude. I Ising the 1 8 nonlinear model, three of the wind-forcing sets yield a realistic separation latitude for the EKWC ( 37 38 N) and two more are marginally successful. The two remaining and the simulation with straits forcing only yield EKWC overshoot to similar to 40 N. At 1/32 resolution, one of the simulations (one with forcing that gave marginally, v realistic separation at 1 8) has a realistic EKWC separation latitude. The three wind products that yielded realistic EKWC( separation at 1 8 continue to give realistic separation at 1/32 degrees via the wind-stress curl, but the remainder give realistic separation via upper ocean-topographical coupling. At 1/32 degrees resolution all but one of the simulations showed a strong Yamato Rise impact on the pathway of the subpolar front due to steering by abyssal currents. At 1/8 degrees resolution only two of the eight showed any such impact, one due to abyssal currents driven by vertical mixing in the subpolar gyre. In all the other 1/8 degrees simulations the mean abyssal currents were weak, but in one case weak abyssal currents were aided by a region of strong negative wind-stress curl not seen in the other wind products In addition, regions of the ventilation of intermediate and deep water in response to each wind set are identified. A series of six 1/32 simulations forced interannually with 6-hourly winds 1979-93 are used to separate the model variability due to wind forcing (deterministic) and flow instabilities (nondeterministic). This analysis indicates that flow instabilities are the dominant source of SSH variability over a large majority of the basin, especially near 37-38 degrees N, where the EKWC separates from the coast, and along the pathway of the subpolar front following the north rim of the Yamato Rise towards the Tsugaru Strait. Wind forcing dominates the SSH variability in the coastal wave guide and over the deep basins and troughs. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hogan, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pat.hogan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 42 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 11-13 BP 1464 EP 1489 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.01.013 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 967EW UT WOS:000232075300006 ER PT J AU Jacobs, GA Ko, DS Ngodock, H Preller, RH Riedlinger, SK AF Jacobs, GA Ko, DS Ngodock, H Preller, RH Riedlinger, SK TI Synoptic forcing of the Korea Strait transport SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FORECAST MODEL; SEA; SYSTEM; YELLOW AB Korea Strait transport variations in the synoptic frequency band (2 20 days) are examined using results of a numerical 3-D primitive equation model, satellite observed sea-level variations. a linear barotropic adjoint dynamic model. and observed transports, The 3-D numerical model does not assimilate observations and the agreement with the observed transport implies that wind forcing is one of the main contributors to variations ill the Synoptic hand, The satellite observed and 3-D model sea-level indicate a sea-level response to wind stress along the cast Korean coast that propagates toward the Korea Strait and changes the sea-level slope across the strait. The adjoint results indicate that wind stress is most influential in the area east of Korea along with secondarily important area along the East China Sea shelf break south of Japan. The mechanism connecting wind stress to transport variations is a Kelvin wave propogation that changes sea-level slope across the strait. leading to the altered geostrophic transport through the strait. A strong southerly wind initially produces a sea-level set down along the east Korea coast and a sea-level increase along (tic shelf break. The set down propagates to the Korea Strait as a Kelvin wave. sea level across the strait changes, and the transport through the strait increases. Similarly, northerly wind stress produces. Set Lip along the Korea coast and subsequent decreased transport. Wind stresses across the Yellow and East China Seas are not a significant forcing mechanism since Kelvin waves would propagate away from the strait, Barotropic transport response to wind stress is rapid ton the order of 3 h), but the relatively slow development of the atmospheric forcing (oil the order of 1 2 days) modulates the response. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Jacobs, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jacobs@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 11-13 BP 1490 EP 1504 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.08.018 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 967EW UT WOS:000232075300007 ER PT J AU Khelif, D Friehe, CA Jonsson, H Wang, Q Rados, K AF Khelif, D Friehe, CA Jonsson, H Wang, Q Rados, K TI Wintertime boundary-layer structure and air-sea interaction over the Japan/East Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ROLL VORTICES; FLUXES; ATMOSPHERE; TURBULENCE; AIRCRAFT; OUTBREAK; MODEL AB The wintertime meteorology over the Japan/East Sea (JES) is characterized by episodic strong northwesterly winds known as "cold-air outbreaks" resulting from the incursion of dry and cold air masses from the Eurasian continent. These were found by previous studies (mostly based on indirect methods) to greatly enhance the air-sea interaction and, in particular an area about 150 km in diameter off Vladivostok was identified as the Flux Center. Aircraft in situ measurements of turbulent fluxes and mean meteorological variables were made during the winter 2000. The existence and location of the Flux Center were confirmed although the turbulent sensible and latent-heat fluxes were not as high as previously found due to the air temperature being several degrees warmer. However, the stress was found to be significantly larger as a result of higher wind speeds. The internal boundary layer was found to grow linearly with the square root of offshore fetch, with a growth rate of 2.49m(1/2) for an intense cold-air outbreak and 2.06m(1/2) for a moderate one. A persistent initial decrease in the inversion height was observed at 41.86 degrees N,132.6 degrees E and may be attributable to the fanning out of the jet flow out of the Vladivostok gap as it expands onto the open ocean. The radiometric skin sea-surface temperature in the Flux Center exhibited large variability in the 0-4 degrees C range and was positively correlated with the total turbulent (latent + sensible) heat loss. Meteorological variables and surface fluxes results from Naval Research Laboratory Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) model compared reasonably, while the predictions of the internal boundary layer height were markedly lower than the observations. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Robert Gordon Univ, Sch Mech & Offshore Engn, Aberdeen AB10 1FR, Scotland. RP Khelif, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM dkhelif@uci.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 11-13 BP 1525 EP 1546 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.04.005 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 967EW UT WOS:000232075300009 ER PT J AU Mitchell, DA Watts, DR Wimbush, M Teague, WJ Tracey, KL Book, JW Chang, KI Suk, MS Yoon, JH AF Mitchell, DA Watts, DR Wimbush, M Teague, WJ Tracey, KL Book, JW Chang, KI Suk, MS Yoon, JH TI Upper circulation patterns in the Ulleung Basin SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; SEA AB Continuous acoustic travel-time measurements from a two-dimensional array of pressure-gauge-equipped inverted echo sounders spanning the entire Ulleung Basin of the southwestern Japan/East Sea between June 1999 and July 2001 are used to examine the upper temperature and current patterns. A new method, referred to as the Residual GEM Technique, interprets the travel-time data into a three-dimensional (x,y,p) time-series of daily, synoptically mapped current and temperature fields. During the two-year measurement period, at least five non-repeating persistent flow patterns are found. The patterns during the first year coincide with changes in the total volume transport through the Korea/Tsushima Strait, while the patterns of the second year do not. The mean temperature of the basin displays strong interannual variability and is correlated with the total Korea/Tsushima Strait transport, with a higher mean temperature in the first year when total volume transport was higher. In addition, a new framework for describing the flow patterns is presented. A newly described cold-core eddy, referred to as the Dok Cold Eddy, is about 60km in diameter and typically forms southwest of Dok Island when the Subpolar Front loops southward between Ulleung and Dok (Takeshima) Islands and sheds an eddy. The Dok Cold Eddy is highly variable in space and time, and it tends to propagate westward towards the coast of Korea, where it merges with cold waters from the north. Three such propagation events preceed the disappearance of the East Korean Warm Current, which then remains absent between June and November 2000. The Offshore Branch forms by branching in the Korea/Tsushima Strait and is present during much of our two-year observation period. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Seoul, South Korea. Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 812, Japan. RP Mitchell, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM dmitchel@nrlssc.navy.mil RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 11-13 BP 1617 EP 1638 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.09.005 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 967EW UT WOS:000232075300013 ER PT J AU Smith, SR Jacobs, GA Leben, RR AF Smith, SR Jacobs, GA Leben, RR TI Determining the applicability of the barotropic approximation to the mean seasonal flow through the Tsushima/Korean Strait using variational assimilation SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BOTTOM COLD-WATER; KOREA STRAIT; WARM CURRENT; VARIABILITY AB Variational assimilation is used to combine velocity and sea-surface height anomaly (SSHA) measurements with a system of dynamics to estimate the seasonal flow through the Tsushima/Korean Strait for the summer, autumn, and winter seasons of 1999-2000. The velocity measurements are from two lines of moored acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) spanning the Tsushima/Korean Strait just north and south of Tsushima Island and the SSHA measurements are from the TOPEX altimeter. The dynamics are the linear, time-independent, shallow-water equations and are forced by winds from the Navy Global Ocean and Atmospheric Prediction System. A weighted least-squares technique is used to determine the seasonal flow fields that simultaneously minimize the weighted residuals of the two data sets and the system of dynamics. The weights are based on expected errors, allowing the assimilation system to put more emphasis on the components of data and dynamics that are known more accurately. Earlier studies show that the flow through the Tsushima Strait is barotropic throughout most of the year. The region just offshore of the southeast coast of South Korea, however, has been identified as being subject to strong baroclinic processes during autumn. In an attempt to verify this observation, best estimates of the seasonal flow fields are computed by assimilating the two data sets with both a single-layered barotropic system of equations and a 2.5-layered baroclinic system of equations. The minimized residuals of the barotropic system of equations reveal that the solutions satisfy these equations within expected errors throughout most of the domain. Just offshore of the southeast coast of South Korea, however, the barotropic momentum equation residuals exceed 3 times the expected error during autumn, therefore implying that the barotropic approximation is not valid at this location. The 2.5-layered baroclinic momentum equation residuals within this region are smaller than the barotropic residuals, suggesting the existence of baroclinic processes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Smith, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM smithsc@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008; Leben, Robert/F-3792-2010 OI Leben, Robert/0000-0003-1067-9515 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 11-13 BP 1763 EP 1783 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.12.025 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 967EW UT WOS:000232075300021 ER PT J AU Teague, WJ Hwang, PA Jacobs, GA Book, JW Perkins, HT AF Teague, WJ Hwang, PA Jacobs, GA Book, JW Perkins, HT TI Transport variability across the Korea/Tsushima Strait and the Tsushima Island wake SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID KOREA STRAIT; TIDE OBSERVATIONS; WARM CURRENT; DESIGN; WATER AB Transport variations are calculated across the Korea Tsushima Strait using continuous current measurements made between May 1999 and March 2000. Twelve bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler Current profilers provide velocity profiles along two sections: one section (south line) at the strait entrance southwest (upstream) of Tsushima Island and the other section (north line) at the strait exit northeast (downstream) of Tsushima Island, Transport variations across the strait are large, particularly in the lee or Tsushima Island where a countercurrent commonly exists, The Tsushima Current transport. averaging 2.65 Sverdrups (Sv) (1 Sv = 10(6) m(3) s(1)), is split into two cores h Tsushima Island, which divides the strait into eastern and western channels. Transport in the western channel is 23% higher than in the eastern channel over the measurement period. Some seasonality in transport variability is observed for both the western and eastern channels. Transports are largest in fall and smallest during winter. The single-velocity core, observed upstream of Tsushima Island, is estimated to split directly behind Tsushima Island over an aperture of about 31 km along the south line. A wake zone that averages 40 km in width is observed downstream of Tsushima Island and appears to follow island-wake-zone dynamics. Reynolds numbers can range front 22 to 90 ill the wake zone, and eddy shedding can occur throughout the year. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Teague, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM teague@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 11-13 BP 1784 EP 1801 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.07.021 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 967EW UT WOS:000232075300022 ER PT J AU Teague, WJ Tracey, KL Watts, DR Book, JW Chang, KI Hogan, PJ Mitchell, DA Suk, MS Wimbush, M Yoon, JH AF Teague, WJ Tracey, KL Watts, DR Book, JW Chang, KI Hogan, PJ Mitchell, DA Suk, MS Wimbush, M Yoon, JH TI Observed deep circulation in the Ulleung Basin SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN; SEA; DRIFT AB Records from 16 current meters and 23 pressure gauges moored near the sea floor in the Ulleung Basin or the southwestern Japan/East Sea (JES)characterized the deep circulation between June 1999 and July 2001, Mean currents range from 1 to 4cm/s and deep pressure anomalies range from 3 to 10 mbar, with horizontal correlation scales of about 40 km, and with integral time scales that range from about 5 to 20 days. Focusing here oil the 90-day to interannual variability, synoptic maps of the deep currents and dynamic pressure fields determine that the deep circulation in the Ulleung Basin is cyclonic. with additional multiple cyclonic and anticyclonic cells that occur oil sub-basin spatial scales. Over the Korea Plateau a northward deep outflow is observed that suggests an anticyclonic circulation pattern to the north. The annual average deep currents ire remarkable similar for the 2 years, only slightly weaker in the second year. No seasonal pattern is discernable, except weakly at one or two sites, Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Seoul, South Korea. Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 812, Japan. RP Teague, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM teague@nrlssc.navy.mil RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 11-13 BP 1802 EP 1826 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.10.014 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 967EW UT WOS:000232075300023 ER PT J AU Moran, SB Kelly, RP Hagstrom, K Smith, JN Grebmeier, JM Cooper, LW Cota, GF Walsh, JJ Bates, NR Hansell, DA Maslowski, W Nelson, RP Mulsow, S AF Moran, SB Kelly, RP Hagstrom, K Smith, JN Grebmeier, JM Cooper, LW Cota, GF Walsh, JJ Bates, NR Hansell, DA Maslowski, W Nelson, RP Mulsow, S TI Seasonal changes in POC export flux in the Chukchi Sea and implications for water column-benthic coupling in Arctic shelves SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Arctic; carbon; thorium-234; scavenging; particulate; shelf ID PARTICULATE ORGANIC-CARBON; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; TH-234/U-238 DISEQUILIBRIUM; NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES; TRACER DISTRIBUTIONS; THORIUM ISOTOPES; CANADIAN BASIN; BERING-SEA; NITROGEN; SUMMER AB As part of the 2002 Shelf-Basin Interactions (SBI) process study, measurements of the seasonal variation in the export flux of particulate organic carbon (POC) are reported for the upper waters of the Chukchi Sea. POC fluxes were quantified by determination of (234)Th/(238)U disequilibrium and POC/(234)Th ratios in large (> 53 mu m) aggregates collected using in situ pumps. Samples were collected at 35 stations on two cruises, one in predominantly ice-coved conditions during the spring (May 6 June 15) and the other in predominantly open water during the Summer (July 17-August 26). Enhanced particle export was observed in the shelf and slope waters, particularly within Barrow Canyon, and there was a marked increase in (234)Th-derived POC particle export at all stations during the summer (July-August) relative to the spring (May-June). (234)Th-derived fluxes exhibit significant seasonal and spatial variability, averaging 2.9 +/- 5.3 mmol C m(-2) d(-1) (range 0.031-22mmol C m(-2) d-1) in the spring and increasing-4-fold in the summer to an average value of 10.5 +/- 9.3 mmol C m(-2) d(-1) (range = 0.79-39 mmol C m(-2) d(-1)). The fraction of primary production exported from the upper waters increases from similar to 15% in the spring to similar to 32% in the Summer. By comparison, DOC accumulation associated with net community production represented similar to 6% of primary production (-2mmol C m(-2) d(-1)). The majority of shelf and slope stations indicate a close agreement between POC export and benthic C respiration in the spring, whereas there is an imbalance between POC export and benthic respiration in the Summer. The implication is that LIP to similar to 20% of summer production (similar to 6 +/- 7 mmol C m(-2) d(-1)) may be seasonally exported off-shelf in this productive shelf/slope region of the Arctic Ocean. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Bermuda Biol Stn Res, St Georges GE01, Bermuda. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Austral Chile, Inst Geociencias, Valdivia, Chile. RP Moran, SB (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM moran@gso.uri.edu RI Cooper, Lee/E-5251-2012; Kelly, Roger/E-9396-2010; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/L-9805-2013; OI Cooper, Lee/0000-0001-7734-8388; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/0000-0001-7624-3568; Hansell, Dennis/0000-0001-9275-3445 NR 72 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 24-26 BP 3427 EP 3451 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.09.011 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 006JR UT WOS:000234894300018 ER PT J AU Clement, JL Maslowski, W Cooper, LW Grebmeier, JM Walczowski, W AF Clement, JL Maslowski, W Cooper, LW Grebmeier, JM Walczowski, W TI Ocean circulation and exchanges through the northern Bering Sea - 1979-2001 model results SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; polar oceanography; numerical models; ocean circulation ID CHUKCHI SEAS; WATER PROPERTIES; ARCTIC-OCEAN; FRESH-WATER; FOOD WEBS; STRAIT; ICE; FLOW; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY AB We have developed and run a model with sufficiently high resolution (similar to 9 km and 45 levels) and a large enough spatial domain to allow for realistic representation of flow through the narrow and shallow straits in the northern Bering Sea. This is potentially important for quantification of long-term mean and time-dependent ocean circulation, and water mass and property exchanges between the Pacific and Arctic Oceans. Over a 23 year interval (1979-2001), mean transport through Bering Strait is estimated 10 be 0.65 Sv. Comparison of our model results with published observations indicates that ocean circulation is not only variable at seasonal to interdecadal scales but it is also responsive to short-term atmospheric forcing. One of such events occurred during the winter of 2000-2001 with reversed oceanic flow in some areas and much reduced sea-ice cover. Analyses of eddy kinetic energy fields identify some high biological productivity regions of the Chirikov Basin coincident with persistent high energy (up to 2700 cm(2) s(-2) in the surface layer and up to 2600 cm(2) s(-2) at mid-depth) throughout the annual cycle. Model output in the Bering Strait region is validated against several time series of moored observations of water mass properties. Comparison with shipboard observations of near-bottom salinity from late winter through autumn indicate! that the model reasonably represents the major water-mass properties in the region. The modeled vertical water-column structure in the northern Bering Sea allows increased understanding of the mechanisms of water transformation and transport northward through Bering Strait into the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. We conclude that the long-term model results for the northern Bering Sea provide important insights into the ocean circulation and fluxes and they are a useful frame of reference for limited observations that are short-term and/or cover only a small geographic region. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Sopot, Poland. RP Clement, JL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jlclemen@nps.edu RI Cooper, Lee/E-5251-2012; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/L-9805-2013 OI Cooper, Lee/0000-0001-7734-8388; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/0000-0001-7624-3568 NR 33 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 24-26 BP 3509 EP 3540 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.09.010 PG 32 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 006JR UT WOS:000234894300022 ER PT J AU Walsh, JJ Dieterle, DA Maslowski, W Grebmeier, JM Whitledge, TE Flint, M Sukhanova, IN Bates, N Cota, GF Stockwell, D Moran, SB Hansell, DA McRoy, CP AF Walsh, JJ Dieterle, DA Maslowski, W Grebmeier, JM Whitledge, TE Flint, M Sukhanova, IN Bates, N Cota, GF Stockwell, D Moran, SB Hansell, DA McRoy, CP TI A numerical model of seasonal primary production within the Chukchi/Beaufort Seas SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; ARCTIC-OCEAN; WATER COLUMN; CHUKCHI SEAS; CARBON DYNAMICS; ORGANIC-CARBON; COASTAL OCEAN; BARENTS SEA; PHYTOPLANKTON; SHELF AB A coupled three-dimensional circulation and ecological model provided numerical analysis of daily carbon/nitrogen cycling by the planktonic and benthic components of western Arctic shelf/basin ecosystems during 2002, when extensive field data were obtained by American and Canadian ice-breakers. Seasonal model budgets of April-May, July-August, and September October 2002 allowed both interpolation and extrapolation of these validation data, suggesting that the most productive shelf regime of the Chukchi/Beaufort Seas was that of summer. Yet, during this period of July-August, a combination of light-limitation and nutrient-limitation limited shelf-wide mean simulated net photosynthesis to only similar to 709 mg cm(-2) day(-1) for shelf waters of < 220 m depth. This modeled seasonal carbon fixation then accounted for similar to 45% of the annual shelf primary production of 97.4 g C m(-2) yr(-1) Identification of the relative importance of natural control factors of light and nutrients by the coupled model provided insight into possible consequences of future global climatic changes at these high latitudes. The model's seasonal penetration of relatively saline, nutrient-rich Anadyr Water of Pacific origin into the eastern Chukchi Sea replicated the time series of observed salinity fields. A similar fidelity of the simulated nitrate, silicate and dissolved inorganic carbon fields with the observed ones yielded an assessment of nutrient uptake and photosynthesis during a natural fertilization experiment. The simulated chlorophyll, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and NH4 stocks also mimicked these shipboard observations. We found that the spring 2002 stocks of new nutrients were stripped by the end Of summer, with little fall nutrient resupply by physical and biotic factors, when incident light waned. However, because of extensive ice cover and nutrient-poor Upper waters within the Canadian Basin, the slope regions remained oligotrophic throughout the year, yielding a simulated annual net photosynthesis of similar to 50g C m(-2) yr(-1). We conclude that future ice cover retreat, without eutrophication, may have little impact on increased carbon sequestration within these high-latitude ecosystems. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia. Bermuda Biol Stn Res, St Georges GE 01, Bermuda. Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Walsh, JJ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jwalsh@seas.marine.usf.edu RI Grebmeier, Jacqueline/L-9805-2013; OI Grebmeier, Jacqueline/0000-0001-7624-3568; Hansell, Dennis/0000-0001-9275-3445 NR 79 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 24-26 BP 3541 EP 3576 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.09.009 PG 36 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 006JR UT WOS:000234894300023 ER PT J AU Lemieux, E Lucas, K Slebodnick, P AF Lemieux, E Lucas, K Slebodnick, P TI Materials and coatings damage resulting from environmental degradation aboard naval ships SO DEFENCE SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE coatings; environmental degradation; unmanned inspection; tanks; voids; damage control; galvanic corrosion; corrosion detection algorithm; remotely operated paint inspector; insertable stalk imaging system; corrosion detection AB Maintenance and preservation of seawater and fuel, ballast tanks and voids resulting from the environmental degradation of coatings present a unique and costly problem for the United States Naval Fleet. Present methods of inspection require human entry into the tanks only after a series of measurements have been taken to ensure safety. With the advent of remotely operated vehicles and cameras having a high level of accuracy and functionality, it has now become economically feasible to employ these instruments for the inspection of tanks and voids of the United States Naval Fleet. This paper presents two unique remotely operated inspections systems, which allow for unmanned inspection of tanks and voids along with quantitative results of the damaged coating areas. C1 USN, Res Lab, Key West, FL 33041 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lemieux, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, POB 1739, Key West, FL 33041 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DEFENCE SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION DOCUMENTATION CENTRE PI DELHI PA METCALFE HOUSE, DELHI 110054, INDIA SN 0011-748X J9 DEFENCE SCI J JI Def. Sci. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 55 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 910LS UT WOS:000227933500006 ER PT J AU Brady, RF AF Brady, RF TI Fouling-release coatings for warships SO DEFENCE SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID ADHESION AB The International Maritime Organisation, a unit of the United Nations, has approved a resolution to phase out and eventually prohibit the worldwide use of toxic organotin antifouling paints. Thus, there is a compelling need to develop, test, and market eco-friendly hull coatings, which effectively keep ships free of fouling. The replacement for tin coatings will likely be low-toxicity copper-based paints, and various toxin-free fouling-release coatings. This paper reviews the composition and mechanism of action of these coatings and gives the strengths and weaknesses of each coating, with the aim of clarifying the impact of these coatings oil the operation of warships. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brady, RF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU DEFENCE SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION DOCUMENTATION CENTRE PI DELHI PA METCALFE HOUSE, DELHI 110054, INDIA SN 0011-748X J9 DEFENCE SCI J JI Def. Sci. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 55 IS 1 BP 75 EP 81 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 910LS UT WOS:000227933500009 ER PT S AU Wert, R Goroch, A Tremper, D Schuette, L Wendland, D AF Wert, R Goroch, A Tremper, D Schuette, L Wendland, D BE Suresh, R TI Near earth propagation study SO Defense Transformation and Network-Centric Systems SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense Transformation and Network-Centric Systems CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Networks of small ground sensors and other near earth devices deployed in the battlefield are postulated to be of considerable value to the future warfighter. The radio frequency (RF) link between devices will dictate the resilience of the network in communicating critical information in the battlespace. A prior knowledge of the RF environment inches above the around is required to properly design the sensor network. Signal strength was measured with antennas at 4, 7, and 120 inches above the ground over a range of 10 to 400 feet. The source consisted of a 1780 MHz, 1/4 watt transmitter feeding a quarter wave vertical monopole. The receive equipment consisted of a corner reflector monopole., spectrum analyzer and data logger program. Data points were taken at 10-foot increments over the 400-foot range. The received signal, at heights of 4 and 7 inches, were compared to the measurements taken at a height of 120 inches (close to "free space"). It was found that there is a significant increase in path loss as the antenna approached the around. There was a 15 dB increase in path loss from when the antennas were at 120 inches to 7 inches off the ground and 18 dB increase in path loss with the antenna 4 inches off the ground. Variations in path loss (10 dB) over time (seconds) were also noted. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wert, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5805-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5820 BP 110 EP 118 DI 10.1117/12.602846 PG 9 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCT89 UT WOS:000231195900012 ER PT S AU Warner, E Ladner, R Katikaneni, U Petry, F AF Warner, E Ladner, R Katikaneni, U Petry, F BE Suresh, R TI Adopting and adapting a commercial view of Web Services for the Navy SO Defense Transformation and Network-Centric Systems SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense Transformation and Network-Centric Systems CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Web Services; net-centric warfare; automated reasoning; intelligent systems; MetOc data; MetOc ontology AB Web Services are being adopted as the enabling technology to provide net-centric capabilities for many Department of Defense operations. The Navy Enterprise Portal, for example, is Web Services-based, and the Department of the Navy is promulgating guidance for developing Web Services. Web Services, however, only constitute a baseline specification that provides the foundation on which users, under current approaches, write specialized applications in order to retrieve data over the Internet. Application development may increase dramatically as the number of different available Web Services increases. Reasons for specialized application development include XML schema versioning differences, adoption/use of diverse business rules, security access issues, and time/parameter naming constraints, among others. We are currently developing for the US Navy a system which will improve delivery of timely and relevant meteorological and oceanographic (MetOc) data to the warfighter. Our objective is to develop an Advanced MetOc Broker (AMB) that leverages Web Services technology to identify, retrieve and integrate relevant MetOc data in an automated manner. The AMB will utilize a Mediator, which will be developed by applying ontological research and schema matching techniques to MetOc forms of data. The AMB, using the Mediator, will support a new, advanced approach to the use of Web Services; namely, the automated identification, retrieval and integration of MetOc data. Systems based on this approach will then not require extensive end-user application development for each Web Service from which data can be retrieved. Users anywhere on the globe will be able to receive timely environmental data that fits their particular needs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Warner, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5805-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5820 BP 202 EP 212 DI 10.1117/12.603459 PG 11 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCT89 UT WOS:000231195900023 ER PT S AU Dobeck, GJ AF Dobeck, GJ BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Image normalization using the serpentine forward-backward filter: Application to high-resolution sonar imagery and its impact on mine detection and classification SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE normalization; sea mines; mine detection; mine classification; computer-aided detection and classification; CAD/CAC; automatic target recognition; ATR AB In high-resolution sonar imagery, large variations in image background can make it difficult to reliably find targets. These variations result from irregular illumination of the sea floor, which is caused by sonar platform motion. Contributing to this problem is the fact that the spatial frequencies of the varying background can be similar to those of the target. Consequently, image-processing methods that attempt to segment image regions associated with target highlight (or shadow), are often fooled by bright (or dark) target-size patches of background. This typically results in an increase of the number of false alarms. This paper describes two image normalization methods: the Cross-Range Forward-Backward filter and the Serpentine Forward-Backward filter. Results are presented that show the impact of the image normalization on reducing false alarms. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Panama City, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Dobeck, GJ (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Panama City, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 381 EP 391 DI 10.1117/12.602878 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400036 ER PT S AU Cobb, JT An, M Tolimieri, R AF Cobb, JT An, M Tolimieri, R BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI A group filter algorithm for sea mine detection SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE commutative group; noncommutative group; group filters; probability of detection; probability of false alarm; sea mine detection and classification; unmanned underwater vehicle ID PRODUCT GROUP-APPROACH; SIGNAL AB Automatic detection of sea mines in coastal regions is a difficult task due to the highly variable sea bottom conditions present in the underwater environment. Detection systems must be able to discriminate objects which vary in size, shape, and orientation from naturally occurring and man-made clutter. Additionally, these automated systems must be computationally efficient to be incorporated into unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) sensor systems characterized by high sensor data rates and limited processing abilities. Using noncommutative group harmonic analysis, a fast, robust sea mine detection system is created. A family of unitary image transforms associated to noncommutative groups is generated and applied to side scan sonar image files supplied by Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City (NSWC PC). These transforms project key image features, geometrically defined structures with orientations, and localized spectral information into distinct orthogonal components or feature subspaces of the image. The performance of the detection system is compared against the performance of an independent detection system in terms of probability of detection (P-d) and probability of false alarm (P-fa). C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Cobb, JT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 392 EP 402 DI 10.1117/12.603405 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400037 ER PT S AU Suiter, HR Holloway, JH Tinsley, KR Pham, CN Kloess, EC Witherspoon, NH Stetson, S Crosby, F Nevis, A McCarley, KA Seales, TC AF Suiter, HR Holloway, JH Tinsley, KR Pham, CN Kloess, EC Witherspoon, NH Stetson, S Crosby, F Nevis, A McCarley, KA Seales, TC BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Wide-field airborne laser diode array illuminator: demonstration results SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE airborne mine detection; minefield; diode laser illuminator; irradiance; reflectance; scattering; ROC curve; area detection; laser diode arrays ID NAVAL RECONNAISSANCE AB The Airborne Littoral Reconnaissance Technology (ALRT) program has successfully demonstrated the Wide-Field Airborne Laser Diode Array Illuminator (ALDAI-W) This illuminator is designed to illuminate a large area from the air with limited power, weight, and volume. A detection system, of which the ALDAI-W is a central portion, is capable of detecting surface-laid minefields in absolute darkness, extending the allowed mission times to night operations. This will be an overview report, giving processing results and suggested paths for additional development. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Suiter, HR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 403 EP 414 DI 10.1117/12.607425 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400038 ER PT S AU Korman, MS AF Korman, MS BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Nonlinear acoustic experiments involving landmine detection: Connections with mesoscopic elasticity and slow dynamics in geoaterialsm SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE nonlinear; acoustic; landmine detection ID MINE DETECTION; DISCRIMINATION AB The vibration interaction between the top-plate of buried VS 1.6 and VS 2.2 plastic, anti-tank landmines and the soil above it appears to exhibit similar characteristics to the nonlinear mesoscopic/nanoscale effects that are observed in geomaterials like rocks or granular materials. [SPIE Proceedings 5415, 42-50 (2004); J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 33543369 (2004)]. In nonlinear detection schemes, airborne sound at two primary frequencies f1 and f2 (chosen several Hz apart on either side of resonance) undergo acoustic-to-seismic coupling. Interactions with the compliant mine and soil generate combination frequencies that, through scattering, can effect the vibration velocity at the surface. Profiles at fl, f(2), f(1)-(f(2)-f(1)) and f(2)+(f(2)-f(1)) exhibit a single peak while profiles at 2f(1)-(f(2)-f(1)), f(1)+f(2) and 2f(2)+(f(2)-f(1)) are attributed to higher order mode shapes. Near resonance the bending (softening) of a family of increasing amplitude tuning curves (involving the surface vibration over the landmine), exhibits a linear relationship between the peak particle velocity and corresponding frequency. Subsequent decreasing amplitude tuning curves exhibit hysteresis effects. New tuning curve results for buried M 14 and VS 50 plastic anti-personal landmines along with experiments with a buried "plastic drum head" mine simulant behave similarly. Slow dynamics explains the amplitude difference in tuning curves for first sweeping upward and then downward through resonance, provided the soil modulus drops after periods of high strain. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Korman, MS (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 612 EP 623 DI 10.1117/12.603737 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400059 ER PT B AU Sheehan, PE Yang, M Laracuente, AR King, WP Whitman, LJ Nelson, BA AF Sheehan, PE Yang, M Laracuente, AR King, WP Whitman, LJ Nelson, BA GP IS&T TI Direct deposition of electronic materials with thermal DPN SO Digital Fabrication 2005, Final Program and Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP21)/International Conference on Digital Fabrication Technologies CY SEP 18-22, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Imaging Soc Japan ID DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; FORCE MICROSCOPE AB In recent years there has been a significant effort to improve or augment lithographic techniques for electronic device fabrication. Although improvements in ultimate resolution have been a central goal, other goals have also been pursued that may be important avenues to advance device fabrication. These alternate objectives include reduction of toxic by-products ("green chemistry"), integration of disparate materials into a single structure (e.g., organic and inorganic), and production or prototyping, of low numbers of integrated circuits at relatively low unit cost. Progress towards all these goals is found in a new lithographic technique, thermal Dip Pen Nanolithography (tDPN). In tDPN (Figure 1), an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever is custom fabricated to include a heater directly above the tip. The tip is then coated with an "ink" that is solid at room temperature but that can be melted by the integrated heater. When the ink is melted, it flows onto the surface and solidifies, thereby allowing arbitrary patterns to be written. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheehan, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC IMAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA BN 0-89208-258-5 PY 2005 BP 52 EP 54 PG 3 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDR27 UT WOS:000235039200019 ER PT J AU Gerlach, K Frey, M AF Gerlach, K Frey, M TI Rank pattern-based selection of input/output ARMA model order SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE system identification; order selection; Weyl's inequality; corner method ID IDENTIFICATION AB Rational transfer functions are standard models for radar targets and adaptive beamforming. Fitting these models essentially involves estimating the transfer function "poles and zeroes." A key preliminary step in this estimation process is to determine the numbers of poles and zeros, or equivalently to determine the order of the corresponding ARMA model. A pattern-based method of order selection using matrix ranks is proposed for input/output (I/O) ARMA models, where ARMA model inputs and outputs are each observed in additive noise with known variances. This I/O ARMA model encompasses two distinct scenarios: observational studies in which all observations-those of both inputs and outputs-are erred, and controlled experiments in which outputs are observed with error while inputs are known without error. The proposed rank pattern method exploits the eigenvalue structure of the covariance matrices associated with the observed data and performs well for short data records at moderate SNRs. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Bucknell Univ, Dept Math, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Frey, M (reprint author), Bucknell Univ, Dept Math, Olin Sci Bldg, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. EM gerlach@radar.nrl.navy.mil; mfrey@bucknell.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.dsp.2004.09.005 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 885QY UT WOS:000226173200004 ER PT J AU Whitham, TG Lonsdorf, E Schweitzer, JA Bailey, JK Fischer, DG Shuster, SM Lindroth, RL Hart, SC Allan, GJ Gehring, CA Keim, P Potts, BM Marks, J Rehill, BJ DiFazio, SP LeRoy, CJ Wimp, GM Woolbright, S AF Whitham, TG Lonsdorf, E Schweitzer, JA Bailey, JK Fischer, DG Shuster, SM Lindroth, RL Hart, SC Allan, GJ Gehring, CA Keim, P Potts, BM Marks, J Rehill, BJ DiFazio, SP LeRoy, CJ Wimp, GM Woolbright, S TI "All effects of a gene on the world": Extended phenotypes, feedbacks, and multi-level selection SO ECOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LITTER; COMMUNITY; DYNAMICS; FOREST C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Tasmania, Cooperat Res Ctr Sustainable Prod Forestry, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ Tasmania, Dept Plant Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Whitham, TG (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Thomas.Whitham@nau.edu RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Woolbright, Scott/B-4354-2012; Potts, Brad/C-6489-2013 OI Woolbright, Scott/0000-0002-7886-1009; Potts, Brad/0000-0001-6244-289X NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU UNIVERSITE LAVAL PI ST FOY PA PAVILLON CHARLES-EUGENE MARCHAND, LOCAL 0166, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA SN 1195-6860 J9 ECOSCIENCE JI Ecoscience PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1 BP 5 EP 7 PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913AE UT WOS:000228121300002 ER PT J AU Mansour, AN Croguennec, L Delmas, C AF Mansour, AN Croguennec, L Delmas, C TI A unique structure of Ni(III) in LiNi0.3Co0.7O2 without Jahn-Teller distortion SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS; FINE-STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; CATHODE MATERIAL; LINIO2; LICOO2; EXAFS; LI-1-X(NIYCO1-Y)(1+X)O-2 AB We examined the oxidation state and atomic structures of Ni and Co in LiNi0.3Co0.7O2 and compared them with those of LiNiO2 and LiCoO2. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure and extended X-ray absorption fine structure results show that Ni (primarily ) and Co are present with an oxidation state of +3. Ni (III) in LiNiO2 has a distorted octahedral coordination due to an active Jahn-Teller effect as shown previously. However, Ni (III) in LiNi0.3Co0.7O2 has a regular octahedral coordination with six oxygen atoms at a distance of 1.913 angstrom and, hence, the Jahn-Teller effect is inactive. The oxidation state and local atomic structure of Co in LiNi0.3Co0.7O2 are similar to those of LiCoO2. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. CNRS, Inst Chim Mat Condensee Bordeaux, F-36608 Pessac, France. Univ Bordeaux 1, Ecole Natl Super Chim & Phys Bordeaux, F-36608 Pessac, France. RP Mansour, AN (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM Azzam.Mansour@navy.mil RI Laurence, CROGUENNEC/E-4558-2010; Croguennec, Laurence/R-9512-2016 OI Croguennec, Laurence/0000-0002-3018-0992 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2005 VL 8 IS 10 BP A544 EP A548 DI 10.1149/1.2033621 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 957RL UT WOS:000231390900015 ER PT J AU Rhodes, CP Long, JW Rolison, DR AF Rhodes, CP Long, JW Rolison, DR TI Direct electrodeposition of nanoscale solid polymer electrolytes via electropolymerization of sulfonated phenols SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRATHIN POLY(PHENYLENE OXIDE); OBTAINING THIN-FILMS; ELECTROCHEMICAL POLYMERIZATION; REACTIVE POLYMERS; LITHIUM BATTERIES; METAL-SURFACES; STATE; NANOARCHITECTURES; MICROBATTERIES; OXIDATION AB Direct electrodeposition of ultrathin polymer electrolytes provides a facile route to incorporate ion-conducting functionality and electronic passivation at nanostructured, electrified interfaces. Conformal solid polymer electrolytes are generated directly at planar, rough oxide electrodes by electro-oxidation of 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate, either alone or with a comonomer of 2,6-dimethylphenol. Electrodeposition from the comonomer solution at indium-tin oxide electrodes produces 88 +/- 2-nm thick polymer coatings at the electrode surface, and the resulting films exhibit solid-state ion conductivity. Charge-compensating Na+ in the as-deposited film can be ion exchanged for Li+. Direct electrodeposition of multifunctional polymers enables the development of nanostructured batteries and other solid-state ionic devices. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rhodes, CP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rolison@nrl.navy.mil NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2005 VL 8 IS 11 BP A579 EP A584 DI 10.1149/1.2050508 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 970VQ UT WOS:000232340900006 ER PT J AU Kim, J Freitas, JA Klein, PB Jang, S Ren, F Pearton, SJ AF Kim, J Freitas, JA Klein, PB Jang, S Ren, F Pearton, SJ TI The effect of thermally induced stress on device temperature measurements by Raman spectroscopy SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GAN FILMS; DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING; SAPPHIRE; SI(111); HFETS AB The effect of stress on the measured temperatures of a GaN Schottky diode is studied using micro-Raman scattering under passive and active heating. Our experiment shows that each specific heteroepitaxial structure should be calibrated independently under passive heating conditions in order to minimize significant errors in the measurement of device temperature. This error is introduced by differences in biaxial strain (resulting from differences in lattice mismatch, thermal expansion coefficient, and relaxation) between the structure under investigation and that employed for calibration. Measurements of the operating temperature of a GaN Schottky diode indicated that a large error in temperature can result from the use of a temperature calibration from a different structure. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2005 VL 8 IS 12 BP G345 EP G347 DI 10.1149/1.2103527 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 975XQ UT WOS:000232697800023 ER PT B AU Cohen, LS de Graaf, JW Light, A Sabath, F AF Cohen, LS de Graaf, JW Light, A Sabath, F GP IEEE TI The measurement of broad band over power line emissions SO EMC 2005: IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vols 1-3, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 08-12, 2005 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE DE broadband over power lines; measurements; modeling and FCC Part 15 AB This paper is a report on measurements taken of broadband over power tine (BPL) signals at two US test sites in October 2004. The investigation sought to: (1) discriminate between BPL emissions and power line noise in the near field; (2) determine the maximum level of magnetic field intensity levels (H FIELD) at a given distance in the near field and (3) utilizing the CONCEPT H method of moments routine develop a numerical electromagnetic model of the power line emission (H-y and E-x) characteristics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cohen, LS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Sabath, Frank/B-3928-2016 OI Sabath, Frank/0000-0001-6702-3715 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9380-5 PY 2005 BP 988 EP 991 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BDD82 UT WOS:000232979200188 ER PT B AU Su, WL Akyildiz, IF AF Su, WL Akyildiz, IF BE Ganesh, R Kota, SL Pahlavan, K Agusti, R TI Time-diffusion concepts and protocol for sensor networks SO EMERGING LOCATION AWARE BROADBAND WIRELESS AD HOC NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, Mobile, Radio Communications (PIMRC 2004) CY SEP 05-08, 2004 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB In the near future, small intelligent devices will be deployed in homes, plantations, oceans, rivers, streets, and highways to monitor the environment. These devices require time synchronization, so voice and video data from different sensor nodes can be fused and displayed in a meaningful way at the sink. The Time-Diffusion Synchronization Protocol (TDP) is proposed as a network-wide time synchronization protocol. It allows the sensor network to reach an equilibrium time and maintains a small time deviation tolerance from the equilibrium time. In addition, simulations are performed to validate the effectiveness of TDP in synchronizing the time throughout the network and balancing the energy consumed by the sensor nodes. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Su, WL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Akyildiz, Ian/G-7136-2011 OI Akyildiz, Ian/0000-0002-8099-3529 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-23070-X PY 2005 BP 275 EP 287 DI 10.1007/0-387-23072-6_18 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBG96 UT WOS:000225467100018 ER PT S AU Murphy, RJ Share, GH AF Murphy, RJ Share, GH BE Trottet, G Vilmer, N TI What gamma-ray deexcitation lines reveal about solar-flares SO ENERGY RELEASE AND PARTICLE ACCELERATION AT THE SUN AND IN THE HELIOSPHERE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE solar-flares; gamma-rays; abundances; particle acceleration ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE; MAGNETIC LOOPS; SPECTROSCOPY; ABUNDANCES; EMISSION; EVENTS; IONS AB Gamma-ray emission from solar flares reveals information about the nature of the accelerated particles and about the physical conditions of the medium through which the accelerated particles are transported. In this paper, we present the gamma-ray line-production and loop transport models used in our calculations of high-energy emission. We discuss the calculated interaction time history, the depth distribution, the interacting-particle angular distribution, and fluence ratios of the narrow gamma-ray lines. We show the relationship between the gamma-ray observables and the parameters of the transport and line-production models. For illustration, we use calculations of 4.44 MeV C-12 nuclear deexcitation line-production. Applications of the calculations to flare observations by both SMM and RHESSI are also presented. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Murphy, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ronald.murphy@nrl.navy.mil; gerald.share@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1825 EP 1832 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.06.004 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDS76 UT WOS:000235188000024 ER PT J AU DeGiorgi, VG Wimmer, SA AF DeGiorgi, VG Wimmer, SA TI Geometric details and modeling accuracy requirements for shipboard impressed current cathodic protection system modeling SO ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE impressed current cathodic protection; mesh refinement; boundary element; corrosion control ID ICCP SYSTEMS; CORROSION; DESIGN; SHIP; BEM; FEM AB In any computational approach it is necessary to idealize the structure modeled to some extent. In much of the work completed to date using boundary element methods to model shipboard impressed current cathodic protection systems (ICCP) propellers have been idealized as solid disks. While this simplified geometry may capture the shadowing nature of the component it may not capture essential features of the near hull potential field in the vicinity of the propeller. Earlier work utilized the disk representation of propellers as a required compromise between modeling and problem size limitations. Advances in computing power coupled with advances in model generation programs have resulted in the ability to readily create complex geometries without significant concerns related to mesh size. In this work three different representations of propellers are evaluated. The first method for modeling the propellers is the disk model used in past analyses. In the second case, the propeller is modeled in detail including individual blades. In the third detailed approach, a propeller is modeled as a solid that is shaped to simulate the complex geometry of a rotating assembly. Calculated potential fields for these two advanced geometric representations are compared with results based on the solid disk representation. The hull geometry used in all cases is that of the US Navy CVN aircraft carrier class. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Syst Design & Integrat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Syst Design & Integrat Sect, Code 6353, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM degiorgi@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-7997 J9 ENG ANAL BOUND ELEM JI Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 15 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.enganabound.2004.09.006 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 905PF UT WOS:000227580600002 ER PT J AU Babos, T Royer, L AF Babos, Tibor Royer, Linda BE Fluri, PH Gustenau, GE Pantev, PI TI Regulating the Intelligence System and Oversight in the Hungarian Constitutional Democracy SO EVOLUTION OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE: CONTINUING DEMOCRATIC REFORM AND ADAPTING TO THE NEEDS OF FIGHTING TERRORISM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter RP Babos, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur & Civil Mil Relat Program, Monterey, CA USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHYSICA-VERLAG GMBH & CO PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTR 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY BN 978-3-7908-1656-3 PY 2005 BP 149 EP 167 DI 10.1007/3-7908-1656-6_11 D2 10.1007/3-7908-1656-6 PG 19 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BKN48 UT WOS:000268691800012 ER PT J AU Czapiga, M Gao, JL Kirk, A Lekstrom-Himes, J AF Czapiga, M Gao, JL Kirk, A Lekstrom-Himes, J TI Human platelets exhibit chemotaxis using functional N-formyl peptide receptors SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE CD40 LIGAND; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; HUMAN-NEUTROPHILS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; CD40-CD40 LIGAND; ACTIVATED PLATELETS; UP-REGULATION; GUINEA-PIGS; IN-VITRO; CELL AB Objective. Activated platelets participate in inflammatory and microbicidal processes by upregulation of surface selectins, shedding of CD40 ligand, and release of platelet microbicidal proteins and microparticles. Given their myeloid lineage, we hypothesized that platelets express functional N-formyl peptide receptors and respond to the bacterially derived chemotactic peptide N-formyl peptide with gradient-driven chemotaxis. Methods and Results. Here we show specific binding of N-formyl peptides to the surface of activated platelets. Platelet expression and function of the formyl peptide receptor, FPR, was verified by RT-PCR of the differentiated megakaryocyte MEG-01 cell line, immunoblotting of platelet proteins, and calcium mobilization in platelets with formyl peptide binding. Furthermore, we demonstrate gradient-driven chemotaxis of platelets by video microscopy and transwell migration toward formyl peptides. We also show that endogenous formyl peptides, released by eukaryotic mitochondria from necrotic cells, induce chemotaxis using formyl peptide receptors expressed by thrombin-activated platelets. Conversely, supernatants from cells undergoing apoptotic cell death do not induce platelet chemotaxis. Platelet chemotaxis to formyl peptides was blocked with FPR-specific antibody as well as by pertussis toxin inhibition of the formyl peptide G-coupled receptor. Conclusion. These data establish a new role for platelets in host defense and suggest reexamination of their active function in microbicidal and other host defense activities. (C) 2005 International Society for Experimental Hematology. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NIAID, Host Def Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDDKD, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Lekstrom-Himes, J (reprint author), Millennium Pharmaceut Inc, 35 Landsdowne St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM lekstrom@mpi.com NR 57 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.exphem.2004.09.010 PG 12 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 894TV UT WOS:000226815400009 PM 15661400 ER PT J AU Judd, KP Phongikaroon, S Smith, GB Handler, RA AF Judd, KP Phongikaroon, S Smith, GB Handler, RA TI Thermal structure of clean and contaminated free-surfaces subject to an impinging gas jet SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; 2 VORTEX RINGS; LAMINAR INTERACTIONS; EVAPORATION; CONVECTION; COLLISION; PAIR AB The thermal structure of clean and contaminated free-surfaces subject to the transient flow of a gas jet were investigated experimentally. The interface and near-surface flow were examined using optical high-speed (HS) motion analysis, infrared (IR) imagery, and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). IR imagery revealed an instability in the form of thermal scars on the expanding circular surfactant front. The nature of this instability was explored by performing experiments with both clean and contaminated surfaces. LIF visualization techniques were used to gain insight into the nature of the near-surface flow field. This revealed the presence of a vortex ring that underwent an instability in which ringlets surrounded the primary core. Using simultaneous IR/LIF imaging of a fixed spatial region, it is shown that the thermal scars are spatially and temporally correlated with the near-surface ringlet structures, suggesting that the scars are a surface manifestation of the near-surface structures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Judd, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kjudd@nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD JAN PY 2005 VL 38 IS 1 BP 99 EP 111 DI 10.1007/s00348-004-0897-9 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 899YP UT WOS:000227182000010 ER PT S AU Joyce, JA AF Joyce, JA BE Daniewicz, SR Newman, JC Schwalbe, KH TI Evaluation of the effect of crack tip constraint on fatigue crack growth rate in Inconel 718 SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS, 34TH VOLUME SE American Society for Testing and Materials Selected Technical Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International ASTM/ESIS Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY NOV 19-21, 2003 CL Tampa, FL SP ASTM, European Struct Integr Soc DE high cycle fatigue crack growth; elastic-plastic fatigue crack growth; cyclic J-integral; shallow cracks; low cycle fatigue crack growth AB The objective of this work has been to characterize the fatigue crack growth rate of Inconel 718 in the elastic and elastic-plastic regimes. The major new contribution here is to develop fatigue crack growth rate data on this alloy using shallow crack specimens subjected to cyclic loadings that involve material plasticity exceeding what is allowed by the standard Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) procedures of ASTM E 647. Compact (C(T)) and three point bend (SE(B)) specimen geometries were used in this investigation. The SE(B) specimens were used to obtain shallow crack data using crack to depth ratios (a/W) as small as 0.08 in standard bend specimens with W = 50.8 mm. Compliance methods were used to estimate the crack length during the cyclic testing. The C(T) specimens were used to investigate the effect of fully reversed loading, i.e., R = -1.0. These specimens were tested only in deep crack configurations with a/W > 0.3. Both C(T) and SE(B) specimens were used to obtain high cycle fatigue crack growth data as well as some component of the low cycle fatigue crack growth rate data. The cyclic elastic stress intensity range was used to characterize the crack growth driving "force" in the high cycle regime as defined in ASTM E 647. A cyclic J integral range, as originally utilized by Dowling and Begley [1], was used in the elastic-plastic regime. High cycle and low cycle fatigue crack growth data were successfully obtained from tests on shallow crack SE(B) specimens. High cycle fatigue crack growth was not affected by specimen geometry or by crack length ratio, even for a/W ratios as low as 0.08. The low cycle fatigue crack growth rate was similar, but not identical, to what one would get by extrapolating the high cycle fatigue crack growth rate, as proposed by Dowling and Begley [1]. Under conditions of increasing J range, the crack growth rate under elastic-plastic conditions was accelerated, while under decreasing J range conditions the crack growth rate was decelerated in comparison to the extrapolated high cycle fatigue crack growth rate measurements. The R ratio did not affect the crack growth rate for the two cases tested here, namely R = 0.1 and R = -1.0. More rapidly increasing J range conditions resulted in greater crack growth rate acceleration. In the elastic-plastic fatigue regime, shallow crack specimens demonstrated slower crack growth rates than deep crack specimens. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 0-8031-3487-8 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2005 IS 1461 BP 87 EP 104 DI 10.1520/STP11488S PG 18 WC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BDL70 UT WOS:000234141900006 ER PT S AU Lee, EU Vasudevan, AK AF Lee, EU Vasudevan, AK BE Daniewicz, SR Newman, JC Schwalbe, KH TI Environmentally influenced fatigue in high strength steels SO Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics, 34th Volume SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International ASTM/ESIS Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY NOV 19-21, 2003 CL Tampa, FL SP ASTM, European Struct Integr Soc DE fatigue; environment; constant amplitude loading; frequency; stress ratio; environmentally assisted cracking (EAC); fractographic features; trajectory path ID CRACK-GROWTH-BEHAVIOR; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; STRESS RATIO; THRESHOLD; PROPAGATION; PARAMETERS; EXTENSION; CLOSURE; VACUUM; AIR AB A study was conducted to identify the environmental influence on fatigue crack growth behavior of three high strength steels: AerMet 100, 300M, and 4340. These steels were subjected to fatigue tests under constant amplitude loading of frequency 10 Hz and stress ratios R = 0.1 and 0.9, in vacuum, air, and 3.5 % NaCl solution. The fatigue crack growth was characterized with two driving force parameters, stress intensity range, Delta K, and maximum stress intensity, K-max. Especially, the variation of fatigue crack growth per time, da/dt, with K-max in 3.5 % NaCl solution was evaluated with respect to R, environment, and threshold stress intensity for environmentally assisted cracking (EAC), K-IEAC. In addition, the environmental influence on fatigue crack growth was examined with the firactographic features and trajectory path, drawn with the limiting values of Delta K and K-x, Delta K* and K-max*. C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Aerosp Mat Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lee, EU (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Aerosp Mat Div, Code 4-3-4-2, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3487-8 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2005 IS 1461 BP 151 EP 163 DI 10.1520/STP11492S PG 13 WC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BDL70 UT WOS:000234141900010 ER PT S AU Joyce, JA Link, RE Gaies, J AF Joyce, JA Link, RE Gaies, J BE Daniewicz, SR Newman, JC Schwalbe, KH TI Evaluation of the effect of biaxial loading on the to reference temperature using a cruciform specimen geometry SO Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics, 34th Volume SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International ASTM/ESIS Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY NOV 19-21, 2003 CL Tampa, FL SP ASTM, European Struct Integr Soc DE J-integral; elastic-plastic fracture; bi-axial loading; ductile to brittle transition; Master Curve; T-o reference temperature ID FRACTURE AB A series of 12 cruciform geometry fracture toughness specimens has recently been tested using A533B base plate obtained from the decommissioned Shoreham plant pressure vessel. Specimens were tested at -100 degrees C, placing them in the lower ductile to brittle transition of this ferritic structural steel. The overall objective of this work is to compare the results of these biaxial cruciform tests to the results of standard and shallow crack fracture toughness tests to assess the effect of biaxial loading on the measured master curve and the To reference temperature as defined by ASTM E 1921. Previous work done at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) appeared to demonstrate an increase in the To reference temperature due to the presence of the biaxial stress field established in the cruciform test geometry. Because of the cost of the ORNL tests, only a few specimens could be run, and full statistical support of the "biaxial effect" could not be demonstrated. A second goal is to demonstrate that smaller size specimens, and hence lower cost tests, can be used to evaluate the magnitude of the biaxial effect in nuclear reactor pressure vessel materials. This report presents a brief overview of the test procedure, presents the test results, and compares the results to the database available on standard and shallow crack fracture toughness results available for the Shoreham plate material. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyce, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3487-8 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2005 IS 1461 BP 385 EP 402 DI 10.1520/STP11507S PG 18 WC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BDL70 UT WOS:000234141900025 ER PT B AU Needham, DM AF Needham, DM BE Arabnia, HR TI Interdisciplinary teams for software system development SO FECS '05: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Frontiers in Education: Computer Science and Computer Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers in Education - Computer Science and Computer Engineering (FECS 05) CY JUN 20-23, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV SP World Acad Sci Informat Technol, CSREA, Int Technol Inst DE interdisciplinary software development; team projects AB Embedded software systems typically require the combined efforts of designers and engineers with a wide variety of software, hardware, and system interfacing backgrounds. A crucial part of embedded software development centers on actively involving interdisciplinary teams in all stages of the software development process. This paper presents the design and development activities of several projects undertaken by interdisciplinary teams of undergraduate students. Each team included students from a variety of academic backgrounds, including aerospace engineering, computer science, mechanical engineering, oceanography, and systems engineering. The teams developed, tested, and deployed embedded control systems for an autonomous underwater vehicle, and several unmanned aerial vehicles. In this paper, we discuss lessons learned from working with interdisciplinary teams of students on embedded systems, the influence of team organization on the development process, and the effect of software engineering-oriented decisions such as development methodology, prototyping, and testing techniques. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-84-X PY 2005 BP 10 EP 16 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BEC23 UT WOS:000236732900002 ER PT B AU Needham, DM Schulze, KG AF Needham, DM Schulze, KG BE Arabnia, HR TI Discovering program outcomes SO FECS '05: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Frontiers in Education: Computer Science and Computer Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers in Education - Computer Science and Computer Engineering (FECS 05) CY JUN 20-23, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV SP World Acad Sci Informat Technol, CSREA, Int Technol Inst DE accreditation and assessment; program outcomes AB The Computing Accreditation Commission requires computer science programs to identify program outcomes that are uniquely determined by the programs themselves. In this paper, we discuss the process used by an accredited computer science department to establish, measure, and analyze program outcomes. We consider program outcomes from the perspectives of both students and faculty, and examine a tool that can assist with program outcomes measurement. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-84-X PY 2005 BP 88 EP 94 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BEC23 UT WOS:000236732900013 ER PT S AU Aggarwal, ID Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS AF Aggarwal, ID Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS BE Durvasula, LN Brown, AJW Nilsson, J TI Chalcogenide glass for mid- and long-wave IR fiber lasers SO Fiber Lasers II: Technology, Systems, and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers II CY JAN 24-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Southampton Photon Inc DE IR fibers; fiber lasers; mid-IR lasers AB Chalcogenide glass fibers have been developed at NRL. Rare earth doped chalcogenide glass fibers emit strong IR emission and show potential for mid-IR and long-wave IR rare earth doped fiber lasers. In addition, undoped highly nonlinear chalcogenide glass fiber compositions have been developed with high Raman cross-sections and show potential for mid-IR and long-wave IR Raman fiber lasers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aggarwal, ID (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5683-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5709 BP 242 EP 248 DI 10.1117/12.596994 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCH98 UT WOS:000229383800032 ER PT S AU Book, DL AF Book, DL BE Kuzmin, D Lohner, R Turek, S TI The conception, gestation, birth, and infancy of FCT SO FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT: PRINCIPLES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Scientific Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on High-Resolution Schemes for Convection-Dominated Flows - 30 Years of FCT CY SEP, 2003 CL Univ Dortmund, Dortmund, GERMANY HO Univ Dortmund ID FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT AB How Flux-Corrected Transport came to lie, as recalled by one of the innovators: recollections of how FCT was developed and of the individuals responsible. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dlbook@nps.navy.mil NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-8322 BN 3-540-23730-5 J9 SCI COMPUT PY 2005 BP 5 EP 27 DI 10.1007/3-540-27206-2_1 PG 23 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BBZ48 UT WOS:000228358900001 ER PT S AU Zalesak, ST AF Zalesak, ST BE Kuzmin, D Lohner, R Turek, S TI The design of flux-corrected transport (FCT) algorithms for structured grids SO FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT: PRINCIPLES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Scientific Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on High-Resolution Schemes for Convection-Dominated Flows - 30 Years of FCT CY SEP, 2003 CL Univ Dortmund, Dortmund, GERMANY HO Univ Dortmund ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; SYSTEMS; EQUATIONS AB A given flux-corrected transport (FCT) algorithm consists of three components: 1) a high order algorithm to which it reduces in smooth parts of the flow; 2) a low order algorithm to which it reduces in parts of the flow devoid of smoothness; and 3) a flux limiter which calculates the weights assigned to the high and low order fluxes in various regions of the flow field. One way of optimizing in FCT algorithm is to optimize each of these three components individually. We present some of the ideas that have been developed over the past 30 years toward this end. These include the use of very high order spatial operators in the design of the high order fluxes, non-clipping flux limiters, the appropriate choice of constraint variables in the critical flux-limiting step, and the implementation of a, "failsafe" flux-limiting strategy. This chapter confines itself to the design of FCT algorithms for structured grids, using a finite volume formalism., for this is the area with which the present, author is most familiar. The reader will find excellent material on the design of FCT algorithms for unstructured grids, using both finite volume and finite element formalisms, in the chapters by Professors Lohner, Baum, Kuzmin, Turek, and Moller in the present volume. C1 USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM zalesak@this.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-8322 BN 3-540-23730-5 J9 SCI COMPUT PY 2005 BP 29 EP 78 DI 10.1007/3-540-27206-2_2 PG 50 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BBZ48 UT WOS:000228358900002 ER PT S AU Grinstein, FF Fureby, C AF Grinstein, FF Fureby, C BE Kuzmin, D Lohner, R Turek, S TI On monotonically integrated Large Eddy Simulation of turbulent flows based on FCT algorithms SO FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT: PRINCIPLES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Scientific Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on High-Resolution Schemes for Convection-Dominated Flows - 30 Years of FCT CY SEP, 2003 CL Univ Dortmund, Dortmund, GERMANY HO Univ Dortmund ID SUBGRID-SCALE MODELS; GLOBAL INSTABILITIES; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; CHANNEL FLOW; SHEAR FLOWS; JETS; SCHEMES; FLUX AB Non-classical Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approaches based on using the unfiltered flow equations instead of the filtered ones have been the subject of considerable interest during the last decade. In the Monotonically Integrated LES (MILES) approach, flux-limiting schemes are used to emulate the characteristic turbulent flow features in the high-wavenumber end of the inertial subrange religion. Mathematical and physical aspects of implicit SGS modeling using non-linear flux-limiters are addressed rising the modified LES-equation formalism. FCT based MILES performance is demonstrated in selected case studies including 1) canonical flows (homogeneous isotropic turbulence and turbulent channel flows), 2) complex free and wall-bounded flows (rectangular jets and flow past a prolate spheroid), 3) very-complex flows at the frontiers of current unsteady flow simulation capabilities (submarine hydrodynamics). C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM grinstein@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; fureby@foi.se NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-8322 BN 3-540-23730-5 J9 SCI COMPUT PY 2005 BP 79 EP 104 DI 10.1007/3-540-27206-2_3 PG 26 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BBZ48 UT WOS:000228358900003 ER PT S AU Patnaik, G Boris, JP Grinstein, FF Iselin, JP AF Patnaik, G Boris, JP Grinstein, FF Iselin, JP BE Kuzmin, D Lohner, R Turek, S TI Large scale urban simulations with FCT SO Flux-Corrected Transport: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications SE SCIENTIFIC COMPUTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on High-Resolution Schemes for Convection-Dominated Flows - 30 Years of FCT CY SEP, 2003 CL Univ Dortmund, Dortmund, GERMANY HO Univ Dortmund ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FLOWS AB Airborne contaminant transport in cities presents challenging new requirements for CFD. The unsteady flow physics is complicated by very complex geometry; multi-phase particle and droplet effects, radiation, latent, and sensible heating effects, and buoyancy effects. Turbulence is one of the most important of these phenomena and yet the overall problem is sufficiently difficult that the turbulence must be included efficiently with an absolute minimum of extra memory and computing time. This paper describes the Monotone Integrated Large Eddy Simulation (MILES) methodology used in NRL's FAST3D-CT simulation model for urban contaminant transport (CT) (see [1] and references therein). We also describe important extensions of the underlying Flux-Corrected Transport (FCT) convection algorithms to further reduce numerical dissipation in narrow channels (streets). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Patnaik, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-8322 BN 3-540-23730-5 J9 SCIENTIF COMPUT PY 2005 BP 105 EP 130 DI 10.1007/3-540-27206-2_4 PG 26 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BBZ48 UT WOS:000228358900004 ER PT S AU Heitmeyer, C AF Heitmeyer, C BE Wang, F TI Developing high quality software with formal methods: What else is needed? SO FORMAL TECHNIQUES FOR NEWTOWRKED AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS - FORTE 2005 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Formal Techniques for Networked and Distributed Systems CY OCT 02-05, 2005 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IFIP Working Grp 6 1 ID REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATIONS AB In recent years, many formal methods have been proposed for improving software quality. These include new specification and modeling languages, whose purpose is to precisely describe the required software behavior at a high level of abstraction, and formal verification techniques, such as model checking and theorem proving, for mechanically proving or refuting critical properties of the software. Unfortunately, while promising, these methods are rarely used in software practice. This paper describes improvements in languages, specifications and models, code quality, and code verification techniques that could, along with existing formal methods, play a major role in improving software quality. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heitmeyer, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heitmeyer@itd.nrl.navy.mil RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011; OI Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-29189-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3731 BP 13 EP 19 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDI24 UT WOS:000233597000002 ER PT B AU Patrey, J Kruse, AA AF Patrey, J Kruse, AA BE Schmorrow, DD TI The cognitive pyramid - Fundamental components that influence human information processing SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition, Vol 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition held in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 22-27, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV ID ATTENTION; STRESS AB Over the last decade, significant advances in the fields of neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and psychophysiology have occurred. These developments have revolutionized the way we understand cognitive functioning at a basic level, as well as the more abstract features of human information processing (situational awareness, decision making). The Cognitive Pyramid is comprised of four hierarchical, unidirectional components: cognitive requirements, cognitive mediators, cognitive functional components, and integrated cognition. Cognitive requirements are biologically based, and address the presence of consciousness - mitigating factors relate primarily to the presence of glucose, oxygen and the absence of trauma. Cognitive mediators are primarily physiological factors that can impact cognition and include fatigue, hydration, noise, vibration, thermal stress, and illness. In and of themselves, they are wholly non-cognitive, but their influence on cognition can be profound. The cognitive functional components include the traditional cognitive constructs of memory, attention, and decision-making processes. Lastly, integrated cognition is perhaps best captured by the construct of situational awareness - the coherent, unitary picture emergent from the cognitive components. The Cognitive Pyramid approach will permit the range of cognitive issues to be investigated in both laboratory and applied settings. This paper will discuss the utility of sensing these components in the laboratory and operational environments, as well as future directions for the development of this approach. C1 NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5806-7 PY 2005 BP 43 EP 44 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BDJ67 UT WOS:000233848700006 ER PT B AU Stripling, R Becker, W Cohn, J AF Stripling, R Becker, W Cohn, J BE Schmorrow, DD TI A low-cost, "wireless", portable, physiological monitoring system to collect physiological measures during operational team tasks SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition, Vol 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition held in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 22-27, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV AB Functional teams exhibit dynamic patters of behavior in the pursuit of their collective goals. In general, the outcome of these patterns of behavior can be subjectively ranked or scored based on a number of performance criteria; and for most applications this remains the preferred method of evaluating team performance and efficacy. In the military domain, almost all operational tasks are team-based. For this reason alone, it is meritorious to explore the potential for objective metrics to quantify the effectiveness of team behaviors. Generating objective measures would arguably enable more accurate evaluation of the team's capabilities, enhance predictability of real-world performance, and, within the training domain, improve the instructor's ability to identify areas in need of improvement (as well as plan the optimal course of instructional intervention). Because of this potential value, numerous efforts have been made to objectively measure team performance along behavioral or cognitive dimensions. However, most such efforts have failed owing to the inherent ambiguity, diversity, and complexity of team-based tasks. Those that have succeeded generally fall within domains of team tasks where team members are restricted to limited, rule-based courses of action (such as airline pilot / co-pilot teams). Physiological measures are an area receiving more recent attention as a possible source for objective team-based metrics. Deriving team-based metrics from physiological measures has several potential benefits. First, these measures are inherently quantitative. Second, they can be collected in real-time, contributing to continuous evaluation of team performance. Third, they provide equivalent information from each and every member on the team. For example, one can collect heart rates, respiration rates, and electroencephalographic data from everyone on the team. Work in this area has, however, been limited primarily due to three major issues. First, as described above assessing team performance is made difficult by the tasks' inherent ambiguity, diversity, and complexity. Second, thus far basic correlations between team performance and physiological measures from members of the team have not been firmly established. Third, there is a lack of portable, robust, and affordable technologies with which to collect physiological data from all members of a team (which itself limits progress on the second major issues). To ameliorate the third of these major issues and thereby create opportunities to address the second, we describe here a low-cost "wireless" PDA-based, 16 channel physiological monitoring system. This system includes 16 single-ended EEG channels or 8 differential channels capable of supporting user specified combinations of such measures as ECG, respiration, EGG, and EOG. Except for the construction of a low-cost amplifier for EEG signals, this system is assembled entirely from commercially available technologies, resulting in a total price below $5,000 (U.S.) per unit. Our devices are based on an iPAQ h5550 Pocket PC equipped with a dual-slot PC card expansion pack (Hewlett-Packard). We use one 16 bit PCMCIA PC cards (model 6062E, National Instruments), and run the device using software written in the LabView programming environment (National Instruments). All physiological data can be stored locally and/or downloaded in real-time via 802.11b wireless communication protocols. Optional future configurations may include expansion to 32 EEG channels. Future design modifications will also include the addition of user controlled electronic switching between single-ended and differential recording modes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5806-7 PY 2005 BP 377 EP 384 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BDJ67 UT WOS:000233848700051 ER PT B AU Cohn, JV Stripling, R Kruse, AA AF Cohn, JV Stripling, R Kruse, AA BE Schmorrow, DD TI Investigating the transition from novice to expert in a virtual training environment using neuro-cognitive measures SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, VOL 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition held in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 22-27, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; BRAIN ACTIVATION; DECISION-MAKING; OPTICAL SIGNAL; MOTOR MEMORY; PERFORMANCE; AUTOMATICITY; TASK; ACQUISITION; ATTENTION AB Virtual Environment (VE) Training Systems offer a unique solution for a range of training requirements. Yet, while the technologies supporting the advancement of these systems continue to be refined, the degree to which these systems can support training and enhance real world performance is often overlooked or, worse, simply 'assumed'. The critical component which has thus far been lacking is the development of an overarching framework for utilizing the technology solutions offered by VE to enhance training. While this challenge has often times been reduced to one of demonstrating some level of transfer of training from a specific virtual system to a specific real world task, these efforts fail to provide a pedagogy for using these modeling and simulation tools as effective training devices. Of course, it is quite likely that there are many such pedagogies, depending on the types of training requirements that must be satisfied. The current effort reports a first attempt at developing the underlying methodology for determining the types of skills current levels of VE technology can and cannot support, and then developing a training approach, based on current theories, that effectively utilizes these tools. It starts by focusing on what is meant by training cognitive skills, progresses onward to define a viable end-state for such training and concludes by proposing a means for using cognitive based VE training systems to mold an individual's training for maximum efficiency. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cohn@itd.nrl.navy.mil; cohn@itd.nrl.navy.mil; akruse@darpa.mil NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5806-7 PY 2005 BP 946 EP 955 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BDJ67 UT WOS:000233848700123 ER PT B AU Pao, PS Fonda, RW Jones, HN Feng, CR Connolly, BJ Davenport, AJ AF Pao, PS Fonda, RW Jones, HN Feng, CR Connolly, BJ Davenport, AJ BE Jata, KV Mahoney, MW Mishra, RS Lienert, TJ TI Microstructure, fatigue crack growth, and corrosion in friction stir welded Al 5456 SO Friction Stir Welding Processing III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Friction Stir Welding and Processing III CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS, MPMD, Shaping & Forming Comm DE friction stir welding; mechanical properties; fatigue crack growth; microstructure; corrosion; aluminum ID ALUMINUM; ALLOY; EVOLUTION AB The microstructure, mechanical properties, fatigue crack growth and corrosion behavior of friction stir welded Al 5456 were investigated. TEM studies reveal substantial decreases in dislocation density in the HAZ and weld nugget, as compared to the base plate, giving rise to a uniformly lower microhardness across those regions. Yield strength also decreases toward the center of the weld. In the nugget region, serrated flow initiates immediately upon yield, while in the base plate such serrated flow does not occur until a significant critical strain is reached. Fatigue crack growth rates in the HAZ are significantly lower and the fatigue crack growth threshold significantly higher than those in the weld nugget and the base plate. Anodic scans across the weld region, using a microelectrochemical cell, indicate the highest anodic reactivity in the nugget region. These results will be discussed in terms of the observed microstructure in various regions of the weld. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pao, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-584-0 PY 2005 BP 27 EP 34 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBZ68 UT WOS:000228388700004 ER PT B AU Oh-ishi, K Zhilyaev, AP Williams, R McNelley, TR AF Oh-ishi, K Zhilyaev, AP Williams, R McNelley, TR BE Jata, KV Mahoney, MW Mishra, RS Lienert, TJ TI Friction stir processing for microstructure modification of NiAL bronze SO Friction Stir Welding Processing III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Friction Stir Welding and Processing III CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS, MPMD, Shaping & Forming Comm ID STRAIN RATE SUPERPLASTICITY; ALLOYS AB Friction stir processing (FSP) has been applied to as-cast NiAl bronze (NAB) materials, which are widely used for marine components, in order to selectively convert the microstructures in the near-surface layers from a cast to a wrought condition. The physical metallurgy of NAB is complex and interpretation of the effects of FSP on the homogenization and refinement of microstructure has required detailed analysis by optical and electron microscopy methods. Annealing and isothermal hot rolling have been employed to confirm microstructure-based estimates of stir-zone peak temperatures. The variation of mechanical properties was assessed by use of miniature tensile samples and correlated with microstructure for samples from stir zones of single and multi-pass FSP. Exceptional improvement in strength - ductility combinations may be achieved by FSP of NAB materials. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Oh-ishi, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; OI Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-584-0 PY 2005 BP 107 EP 114 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBZ68 UT WOS:000228388700013 ER PT S AU Qidwai, MA Baucom, JN Thomas, JP Horner, DM AF Qidwai, MA Baucom, JN Thomas, JP Horner, DM BE VanderBiest, O Gasik, M Vleugels, J TI Multifunctional applications of thin film Li polymer battery cells SO FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS VIII SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Multifunctional and Functionally Graded Materials (FMG2004) CY JUL 11-14, 2004 CL Leuven, BELGIUM SP Royal Soc Flemish Engineers, Technol Inst, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met & Mat Engn DE multifunctional; characterization; thin film; Li polymer battery AB Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) thin-film solid-polymer Li-ion battery cells appear to posses the requisite physical characteristics for dual use as both electrical energy-storage devices and structural members under a finite load. One realistic application could be small electric unmanned vehicles where the power requirements are in the range of 10 to 100 watts and the mechanical loads are relatively small. We tested the multifunctional feasibility of COTS battery cells by designing a specific mechanical testing protocol based on realistic use in unmanned vehicles. Our characterization protocol included randomized bending and shear testing and generation of energy-power relation (Ragone) plots of the COTS cells. The results indicate that multifunction applications of COTS Li polymer battery cells are feasible; however, battery packaging geometry and bonding are critical design issues. C1 Geocenters Inc, Naval Res Lab Operat, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. Naval Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC USA. Honeywell Inc, Naval Res Lab Operat, Washington, DC USA. RP Geocenters Inc, Naval Res Lab Operat, POB 441340, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. EM muhammad.a.qidwai@nrl.navy.mil; jared.n.baucom@nrl.navy.mil; james.p.thomas@nrl.navy.mil; david.m.horner@nrl.navy.mil OI Qidwai, Siddiq/0000-0002-2389-118X NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-970-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 492-493 BP 157 EP 162 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BCR97 UT WOS:000230986100026 ER PT S AU Ebenstein, DM Park, J Kaplan, DL Wahl, KJ AF Ebenstein, DM Park, J Kaplan, DL Wahl, KJ BE Wahl, KJ Huber, N Mann, AB Bahr, DF Cheng, YT TI Nanomechanical and microstructural properties of Bombyx mori silk films SO Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology III held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP MRS ID SPIDER SILK; FIBROIN; BIOMATERIAL; BEHAVIOR AB Instrumented indentation and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the mechanical and structural properties of Bombyx mori silk films. Twelve different films were prepared from B. mori silk fibroin protein using a variety of post-deposition processing treatments (e.g. soaking in methanol, soaking in water, stretching, and/or enzymatic etching). The results show that different treatments lead to changes in both the conformation of the silk fibroin protein and the mechanical properties of the films. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ebenstein, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-789-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 841 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BCI82 UT WOS:000229609400008 ER PT B AU Boboltz, DA AF Boboltz, DA BE Romney, JD Reid, MJ TI VLBI studies of circumstellar masers SO Future Directions in High Resolution Astronomy: The 10th Anniversary of the VLBA SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Anniversary of the VLBA CY JUN 08-12, 2003 CL Socorro, NM SP NRAO, NMT ID LATE-TYPE STARS; SIO MASERS; PROPER MOTIONS; WATER MASERS; CIRCULAR-POLARIZATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; VX-SAGITTARII; R-AQUARII; ASTROMETRY; ROTATION AB Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars represent an important stage of stellar evolution. Astronomical masers are prevalent in the circumstellar envelopes of oxygen-rich AGB stars. Maser emission from the three most common masing molecules, OH, H2O and SiO, traces regions of the circumstellar envelope(CSE) on angular scales from tens of milliarcseconds to a few arcseconds. Masers provide a unique probe of structure, kinematics. and polarization properties in the environments of these stars. In this review I discuss previous VLBI investigations of the three common masing molecules toward AGB stars concentrating on more recent observations. I will also discuss future trends in astronomical maser observations including the move toward higher observing frequencies, the use of circumstellar masers for high-precision astrometry, and coordinated observations with Optical/IR long-baseline interferometers. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Boboltz, DA (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-207-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2005 VL 340 BP 373 EP 379 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDV12 UT WOS:000235590900085 ER PT B AU Joseph, T Lazio, W AF Joseph, T Lazio, W BE Romney, JD Reid, MJ TI Interstellar scattering SO Future Directions in High Resolution Astronomy: The 10th Anniversary of the VLBA SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Anniversary of the VLBA CY JUN 08-12, 2003 CL Socorro, NM SP NRAO, NMT ID SAGITTARIUS A-ASTERISK; LOW GALACTIC LATITUDES; GAMMA-RAY-BURST; RADIOWAVE SCATTERING; FREE-ELECTRONS; LIKELIHOOD ANALYSIS; RADIAL EXTENT; PLASMA; SCINTILLATION; ASSOCIATION AB Radio wave propagation through the interstellar medium imprints observable effects upon the detected signals due to scattering from interstellar density fluctuations. Here I review how VLBI observations, and those with the VLBA in particular, have probed both the microphysics of the interstellar plasma and its Galactic distribution. I also highlight some of the opportunities for future observations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Joseph, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-207-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2005 VL 340 BP 419 EP 425 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDV12 UT WOS:000235590900095 ER PT B AU Fey, AL Boboltz, DA Charlot, P Fomalont, EB Lanyi, GE Zhang, LD AF Fey, AL Boboltz, DA Charlot, P Fomalont, EB Lanyi, GE Zhang, LD CA K-Q VLBI Survey Collaborat BE Romney, JD Reid, MJ TI Extending the ICRF to higher radio frequencies: First imaging results SO Future Directions in High Resolution Astronomy: The 10th Anniversary of the VLBA SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Anniversary of the VLBA CY JUN 08-12, 2003 CL Socorro, NM SP NRAO, NMT AB We present first imaging results and preliminary source structure analysis of 108 extragalactic objects observed using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) at 24 GHz and 43 GHz as part of a joint NASA, USNO, NRAO and Bordeaux Observatory program to extend the ICRF to higher radio frequencies. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Fey, AL (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 2 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-207-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2005 VL 340 BP 514 EP 516 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDV12 UT WOS:000235590900112 ER PT J AU Pullen, JM Brunton, R Brutzman, D Drake, D Hieb, M Morse, KL Tolk, A AF Pullen, JM Brunton, R Brutzman, D Drake, D Hieb, M Morse, KL Tolk, A TI Using Web services to integrate heterogeneous simulations in a grid environment SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Web services; Grid computing; distributed simulation; composability AB The distributed information technologies collectively known as Web services recently have demonstrated powerful capabilities for scalable interoperation of heterogeneous software across a wide variety of networked platforms. This approach supports a rapid integration cycle and shows promise for ultimately supporting automatic composability of services using discovery via registries. This paper presents a rationale for extending Web services to distributed simulation environments, together with a description and examples of the integration methodology used to develop significant prototype implementations, and argues for combining the power of Grid computing with Web services to further expand this demanding computation and database access environment. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr C31, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Alion Sci & Technol, S&T, St Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. Old Dominion Univ, VMASC, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Pullen, JM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM mpullen@gmu.edu; RYAN.P.BRUNTON@saic.com; brutzman@nps.navy.mil; DAVID.L.DRAKE-2@saic.com; Michael.R.Hieb@us.anny.mil; KATHERINE.L.MORSE@saic.com; atolk@odu.edu NR 15 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.future.2004.09.031 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 890VT UT WOS:000226539900012 ER PT B AU McDonough, JP Strom, MW AF McDonough, JP Strom, MW BE Vangheluwe, H Verbrugge, C TI Validating vitrual training: Study of a forward observer simulator SO GAMEON-NA 2005: 1st International North-American Conference on Intelligent Games and Simulation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International North-American Conference on Intelligent Games and Simulation CY AUG 22-23, 2005 CL McGill Univ, Montreal, CANADA SP EUROSIS, Ghent Univ, GR@M, UBISOFT, Larian Studios, GAME-PIPE HO McGill Univ DE virtual environments; virtual training; open source AB Due to declining budgets and decreases in ammunition allowances, the opportunity for military units to conduct live fire artillery training has been greatly reduced. The available artillery simulations are either outdated, require specialize operator support, or are not deployable. Forward Observer PC Simulator (FOPCSim) was developed with open source software, as a game based, call for fire virtual environment that runs on a laptop. The system provides users with real-time performance feedback based on the Marine Corps Training and Readiness standards and was designed according to a cognitive task analysis of the call for fire procedures. Too many times simulators are fielded without investigating how well they train a particular task. To evaluate how well FOPCSim trains the call for fire procedures, an experiment was conducted at The Basic School in Quantico, Virginia. FOPCSim was used in place of the current training simulator: Training Set, Fire Observation (TSFO) to evaluate its training effectiveness. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP McDonough, JP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, 1 Univ Dr, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROSIS PI GHENT PA GHENT UNIV, COUPURE LINKS 653, GHENT, B-9000, BELGIUM BN 90-77381-19-8 PY 2005 BP 47 EP 49 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDU73 UT WOS:000235504000007 ER PT S AU Twigg, ME Bassim, ND Eddy, CR Henry, RL Holm, RT Mastro, MA AF Twigg, ME Bassim, ND Eddy, CR Henry, RL Holm, RT Mastro, MA BE Wetzel, C Gil, B Kuzuhara, M Manfra, M TI A model for the critical height for dislocation annihilation and recombination in GaN columns deposited by patterned growth SO GaN, AIN, InN and Their Alloys SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN, AIN, InN and Their Alloys held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID FILMS; EPITAXY AB In order to reduce vertical leakage in III-nitride detectors, we have grown a patterned array of hexagonal GaN columns on masked heteroepitaxial GaN template layers using a-plane sapphire substrates. In addition to eliminating cracking, we have found that for GaN columns tens of microns in diameter and several microns high, the dislocation density is also significantly reduced. We have developed a simple closed-form analytical model for predicting the critical column height for the onset of the reduction in the dislocation density. Among the predictions of this model is that the critical column height for the onset of dislocation density reduction is proportional to the product of column width and the grain size of the GaN film. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Twigg, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-779-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 831 BP 677 EP 684 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCT72 UT WOS:000231147200101 ER PT B AU Smith, JF AF Smith, James F., III BE Beyer, HG TI Evolving fuzzy decision tree structure that adapts in real-time SO GECCO 2005: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference CY JUN 25-29, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP ACM SIGEVO DE algorithms; performance; theory; genetic program; genetic algorithm; fuzzy logic; self-morphing; resource management; expert systems AB A fuzzy logic algorithm has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack (EA) resources distributed over different platforms in real-time. The controller must be able to make decisions based on rules provided by experts. The fuzzy logic approach allows the direct incorporation of expertise. Genetic algorithm based optimization is conducted to determine the form of the membership functions for the fuzzy root concepts. The resource manager is made up of five parts, the isolated platform model the multi-platform model, the fuzzy EA model, the fuzzy parameter selection tree and the fuzzy strategy tree. Automatic determination of fuzzy decision tree topology using a genetic program, an algorithm that creates other algorithms is discussed. A comparison to subtrees obtained using a genetic program and those constructed by hand from rules is made. Experiments designed to test various concepts in the expert system are discussed, including its ability to allow multiple platforms to self-organize. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-59593-010-8 PY 2005 BP 1737 EP 1744 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFI62 UT WOS:000242040700262 ER PT S AU Clapp, AR Medintz, IL Uyeda, HT Goldman, ER Mattoussi, H AF Clapp, AR Medintz, IL Uyeda, HT Goldman, ER Mattoussi, H BE Bornhop, DJ Achilefu, SI Raghavachari, R Savitsky, AP TI Quantum dot-based multiplexed fluorescence resonance energy transfer SO Genetically Engineered and Optical Probes for Biomedical Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Genetically Engineered and Optical Probes for Biomedical Applications III CY JAN 25-26, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE quantum dots; fluorescence resonance energy transfer; multiplex; biosensor; protein; organic dye C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clapp, AR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5611,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5678-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5704 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1117/12.591181 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering; Optics GA BCH91 UT WOS:000229367600009 ER PT J AU Zwick, ME Mcafee, F Cutler, DJ Read, TD Ravel, J Bowman, GR Galloway, DR Mateczun, A AF Zwick, ME Mcafee, F Cutler, DJ Read, TD Ravel, J Bowman, GR Galloway, DR Mateczun, A TI Microarray-based resequencing of multiple Bacillus anthracis isolates SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; CEREUS GROUP; GENOME SEQUENCE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; BACKGROUND SELECTION; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; TOXIN GENES; IDENTIFICATION AB We used custom-designed resequencing arrays to generate 3.1 Mb of genomic sequence from a panel of 56 Bacillus anthracis strains. Sequence quality was shown to be very high by replication (discrepancy rate of 7.4 x 10(-7)) and by comparison to independently generated shotgun sequence (discrepancy rate < 2.5 x 10(-6)). Population genomics studies of microbial pathogens using rapid resequencing technologies such as resequencing arrays are critical for recognizing newly emerging or genetically engineered strains. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Inst Genome Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Zwick, ME (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM mzwick@genetics.emory.edu RI Ravel, Jacques/D-2530-2009; Read, Timothy/E-6240-2011 NR 70 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2005 VL 6 IS 1 AR R10 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 887WW UT WOS:000226337200016 PM 15642093 ER PT S AU Chevallier, J Kociniewski, T Saguy, C Kalish, R Cytermann, C Barbe, M Ballutaud, D Jomard, F Deneuville, A Baron, C Butler, JE Koizumi, S AF Chevallier, J Kociniewski, T Saguy, C Kalish, R Cytermann, C Barbe, M Ballutaud, D Jomard, F Deneuville, A Baron, C Butler, JE Koizumi, S BE Pichaud, B Claverie, A Alquier, D Richter, H Kittler, M TI Some recent advances on the n-type doping of diamond SO GETTERING AND DEFECT ENGINEERING IN SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY XI SE SOLID STATE PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Autumn Meeting on Gettering and Defect Engineering in Semiconductor Technology (GADEST 2005) CY SEP 25-30, 2005 CL Giens, FRANCE SP TECSEN, CEMES CNRS, LMP DE diamond; n-type doping; diffusion; hydrogen; passivation; complex formation ID BORON-DOPED DIAMOND; P-TYPE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SHALLOW DONORS; CONVERSION; PLASMA; LAYERS AB The n-type doping of diamond with phosphorus suffers from defects reducing the electron mobilities and inducing some degree of compensation. In addition, the relatively high ionization energy (0.6 eV) of phosphorus severely limits the electrical activity of the dopants. Here, we present two recent advances of the n-type doping of diamond. One is based on the significant reduction of the compensation ratio of highly compensated phosphorus-doped diamond by thermal annealings. The second one presents the possibility of converting p-type boron-doped diamond into n-type by deuterium diffusion and formation of deuterium-related shallow donors with ionization energy of 0.33 eV. C1 CNRS, UMR 8635, Lab Phys Solides & Cristallogenese, F-92195 Meudon, France. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Inst Solid State, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. CNRS, Etud Proprietes Elect Solides Lab, F-38042 Grenoble 09, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIMS, STA, Adv Mat Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. RP Chevallier, J (reprint author), CNRS, UMR 8635, Lab Phys Solides & Cristallogenese, 1 Pl A Briand, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM jacques.chevallier@cnrs-bellevue.fr; cecile@sspower.technion.ac.il; deneuvil@grenoble.cnrs.fr; butler@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; koizumi.satoshi@nims.go.jp RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 BN 3-908451-13-2 J9 SOL ST PHEN PY 2005 VL 108-109 BP 703 EP 708 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDL87 UT WOS:000234198300111 ER PT J AU Abenheim, D AF Abenheim, D TI Politics and the Russian army: Civil-military relations, 1689-2000. SO GOVERNANCE-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION LA English DT Book Review C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Abenheim, D (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0952-1895 J9 GOVERNANCE JI Governance-Int. J. Policy Adm. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 137 EP 139 PG 3 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA 878AD UT WOS:000225617400009 ER PT S AU Nichols, JM Trickey, ST Seaver, M AF Nichols, JM Trickey, ST Seaver, M BE Kundu, T TI Avoiding the need for baseline data: An information-theoretic approach to detecting damage-induced nonlinearities in structures SO Health Monitoring and Smart Nondestructive Evaluation of Structural and Biological Systems IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring and Smart Nondestructive Evaluation of Structural and Biological Systems IV CY MAR 07-09, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE structural health monitoring; mutual information; transfer entropy; nonlinearity; fiber optic sensors AB An information-theoretic approach is described for detecting damage-induced nonlinearities in structures. Both the time-delayed mutual information and time-delayed transfer entropy are presented as methods for computing the amount of information transported between points on a structure. By comparing these measures to "linearized" surrogate cata sets, the presence and degree of nonlinearity in a system may be deduced. For a linear, five-degree-of-freedom system both mutual information and transfer entropy are derived. An algorithm is then described for computing both quantities from time-series data and is shown to be in agreement with theory. The approach successfully deduces the amount of damage to the structure even in the presence of simulated temperature fluctuatiors. We then demonstrate the approach to be effective in detecting varying levels of impact damage in a thick composite plate structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5749-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5768 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1117/12.599526 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BCO19 UT WOS:000230386200024 ER PT S AU Salvino, LW Pines, DJ Costanzo, F Przybysz, J AF Salvino, LW Pines, DJ Costanzo, F Przybysz, J BE Kundu, T TI Damage assessment of an isolation system SO Health Monitoring and Smart Nondestructive Evaluation of Structural and Biological Systems IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring and Smart Nondestructive Evaluation of Structural and Biological Systems IV CY MAR 07-09, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE structural health monitoring; instantaneous phase damage identification; Isolated Cabinets; time-frequency analysis; intrinsic mode functions; underwater shock test data AB A novel method of structural damage detection, aimed at monitoring the state of a structure based on measured time series data, is presented for the analysis and interpretation of underwater explosion (UNDEX) test data. This method extracts sets of simple basis function components, known as Intrinsic Mode Functions, and tracks structural damage based on a fundamental relationship connecting the instantaneous phases of measured structural waveforms to the structural mass and stiffness parameters. The data were obtained during a recently conducted test series in which shock isolators, mounted or. an adjustable deck fixture, are used to mitigate the shock impact for equipment cabinets. The state of the isolation system is then evaluated, and possible structural damage is identified based on instantaneous attributes such as the frequency of structural response and the phase of structural waveforms. The studies presented here show that this method, intrinsically suited to non-linear systems and non-stationary processes, produces valuable insight into the state of a structure during an extreme loading event. It can be used to assess structural conditions directly from recorded UNDEX data. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Salvino, LW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5749-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5768 BP 387 EP 398 DI 10.1117/12.599940 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BCO19 UT WOS:000230386200041 ER PT J AU Chen, WB Parrish, DA Deschamps, JR Coop, A AF Chen, WB Parrish, DA Deschamps, JR Coop, A TI Functionalization of the 6,14-bridge of the orvinols - 1. Preparation and Diels-Alder reaction of 7-phenylsilylthebaines SO HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID OPIUM-ALKALOIDS; THEBAINE ANION; DERIVATIVES; CHEMISTRY AB The anion 5 of thebaine (1) reacts with small electrophiles exclusively at the 5-position (Scheme 1). Reaction of thebaine anion with a range of alkylarylsilyl chlorides showed that reaction at the 7-position was favored with increasing steric bulk, with triphenylsilyl chloride yielding only the 7-substituted product 7e (Scheme 1). Reaction of 7-(triphenyisilyl)thebaine (7e) with benzoquinone gave rise to the expected Diels-Alder adduct 8 (Scheme 2), an analog of thevinone (2) with a silyl substituent at the 6,14-etheno bridge. The presence of this substituent gives a handle for potentially functionalizing the bridge of this important class of compounds. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coop, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 20 Penn St,Room 637, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM acoop@rx.umaryland.edu OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0018-019X J9 HELV CHIM ACTA JI Helv. Chim. Acta PY 2005 VL 88 IS 4 BP 822 EP 829 DI 10.1002/hlca.200590060 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 921KF UT WOS:000228762400011 ER PT S AU Abdelguerfi, M Mahadevan, V Challier, N Flanagin, M Shaw, K Ratcliff, J AF Abdelguerfi, M Mahadevan, V Challier, N Flanagin, M Shaw, K Ratcliff, J BE Dayde, M Dongarra, JJ Hernandez, V Palma, JML TI A high performance system for processing queries on distributed geospatial data sets SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FOR COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - VECPAR 2004 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Performance Computing for Computational Science (VECPAR 2005) CY JUN 28-30, 2004 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP Univ Porto, Univ Politecn Valencia, FEUP, GVA AB The size of many geospatial databases has grown exponentially in recent years. This increase in size brings with it an increased requirement for additional CPU and I/O resources to handle the querying and retrieval of this data. A number of proprietary systems could be ideally suited for such tasks, but are impractical in many situations because of their high cost. On the other hand, Beowulf clusters have gained popularity for providing such resources in a cost-effective manner. In this paper, we present a system that uses the compute nodes of a Beowulf cluster to store fragments of a large geospatial database and allows for the seamless viewing, querying, and retrieval of desired geospatial data in a parallel fashion i.e. utilizing the compute and I/O resources of multiple nodes in the cluster. Experimental results are provided to quantify the performance of the system and ascertain its feasibility versus traditional GIS architectures. C1 Univ New Orleans, Dept Comp Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Abdelguerfi, M (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Comp Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM mahdi@cs.uno.edu; venkata@cs.uno.edu; nchallie@cs.uno.edu; maik@cs.uno.edu; shaw@nrlssc.navy.mil; jay.j.ratcliff@mvn02.usace.army.mil NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-25424-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3402 BP 119 EP 128 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCO60 UT WOS:000230426000010 ER PT B AU Carr, JS AF Carr, JS BE Kaufl, HU Siebenmorgen, R Moorwood, A TI High-resolution infrared spectroscopy of protoplanetary disks SO High Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy in Astronomy, Proceedings SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO Workshop on High Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy in Astronomy CY NOV 18-21, 2003 CL Garching, GERMANY SP ESO AB High-resolution spectroscopy at near and mid-infrared wavelengths can provide important and unique information about protoplanetary disks around young stars. In particular, infrared molecular spectroscopy is a good diagnostic of gas in the planet-forming regions of disks within similar to 10 AU of the star. Data on the physical conditions, gas content, structure, and chemistry of inner disks can be obtained through the analysis of velocity-resolved line profiles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carr, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-25256-8 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2005 BP 203 EP 213 DI 10.1007/10995082_31 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Spectroscopy GA BDC55 UT WOS:000232684500031 ER PT S AU Mandrini, CH Demoulin, P van Driel-Gesztelyi, L Dasso, S Green, LM Fuentes, ML AF Mandrini, Cristina H. Demoulin, Pascal van Driel-Gesztelyi, Lidia Dasso, Sergio Green, Lucinda M. Fuentes, Marcelo Lopez BE Engvold, O TI Solar and interplanetary magnetic helicity balance of active regions SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 13 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 13-26, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union C1 Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. Konkoly Observ Budapest, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mandrini, CH (reprint author), Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, CC 67,Suc 28, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-189-3 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2005 VL 13 BP 122 EP 123 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFB49 UT WOS:000240768700033 ER PT S AU Welsch, BT DeVore, CR Antiochos, SK AF Welsch, B. T. DeVore, C. R. Antiochos, S. K. BE Engvold, O TI Prominence formation processes SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 13 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 13-26, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union AB We summarize our attempts simulate the prominence formation model proposed by Martens & Zwaan (2001, ApJ, 558, 872) in which differential rotation drives reconnection between two initially unconnected bipolar active regions to form helical field lines along the polarity inversion line (PIL) between the flux systems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Welsch, BT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-189-3 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2005 VL 13 BP 127 EP 127 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFB49 UT WOS:000240768700037 ER PT S AU Linton, MG AF Linton, Mark G. BE Engvold, O TI The role. of magnetic helicity in solar flares SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 13 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 13-26, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union ID TIED CORONAL LOOPS; FLUX TUBES; KINK INSTABILITY; EVOLUTION; RECONNECTION; SUNSPOTS AB Helicity in coronal magnetic fields, often occurring in the form of twisted or sheared fields, can provide surplus-energy which is available for release in solar flares. In this paper, several models of how this extra, non-potential, energy can be released will be reviewed. For example, twisted flux tubes can release excess energy via the kink instability. Or energy can be released via a transfer of helicity between different magnetic tubes. For untwisted field, the mutual helicity between flux tubes provides a measure of the shear in the fields, and therefore how much energy is available for release in a flare. For twisted flux tubes, the twist helicity of each tube in combination with the mutual helicity between the tubes dictate what type of reconnection the tubes can undergo and how much energy is available for release. Measuring the helicity of coronal active regions, and studying how this helicity affects magnetic energy release is therefore vital for our understanding of and. our ability to predict solar flares. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Linton, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-189-3 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2005 VL 13 BP 128 EP 131 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFB49 UT WOS:000240768700038 ER PT S AU McCarthy, DD AF McCarthy, Dennis D. BE Engvold, O TI Summary of IAU Joint Siscussion 16, "The International Celestial Reference System, Maintenance and Future Realizations SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 13 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 13-26, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union AB The IAU Joint Discussion 16 (JD16) was held in conjunction with the XXVth General Assembly in July, 2003. Papers related to the maintenance of the International Celestial Reference System were presented in the one-day session, and these were followed by discussion that pointed out the need for standard nomenclature. This issue was addressed by the formation of a Division 1 Working Group on the subject. JD16 also pointed out the requirement for a dynamical expression for precession which was addressed by the creation of a Division I Working Group on Precession and the Ecliptic. It also showed that although plans are being implemented to provide reference frames for the future, there is a need for improved coordination of astrometric observations. Finally it should be noted that the discussion pointed out the concern for the future organization of IAU Division 1. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP McCarthy, DD (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-189-3 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2005 VL 13 BP 595 EP 600 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFB49 UT WOS:000240768700169 ER PT S AU Landi, E Dere, KP Young, PR Landini, M Mason, HE Del Zanna, G AF Landi, E. Dere, K. P. Young, P. R. Landini, M. Mason, H. E. Del Zanna, G. BE Engvold, O TI The CHIANTI database SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 13 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 13-26, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union ID ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; SPECTRUM; DIAGNOSTICS; CALIBRATION; SPECTROMETER; WAVELENGTHS; SOHO/CDS; SUMER; IRON AB The CHIANTI database contains assessed atomic energy levels, wavelengths, radiative transition probabilities and excitation rates necessary to calculate line emissivities and synthetic spectra of a large number of ions of astrophysical interest. CHIANTI also includes a suite of programs to carry out plasma diagnostics. In the present paper we describe the contents of the CHIANTI database, its main applications and its future developments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Florence, I-51025 Florence, Italy. Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 9EW, England. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-189-3 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2005 VL 13 BP 653 EP 656 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFB49 UT WOS:000240768700182 ER PT S AU Kowalski, M AF Kowalski, M. BE Engvold, O TI APEX, the Astrophysical Plasmadynamic EXplorer: An EUV high resolution spectroscopic observatory SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 13 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 13-26, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union AB APEX is a proposed Small Explorer satellite that will obtain high-resolution EUV spectra of white dwarfs, CVs, stellar coronae, and the local ISM. The APEX effective area (30-50 cm(2)) and resolution (similar to 10,000) are an order of magnitude improvement over Chandra. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kowalski, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655-3, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-189-3 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2005 VL 13 BP 796 EP 798 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFB49 UT WOS:000240768700222 ER PT S AU Hartkopf, WI Mason, BD AF Hartkopf, William I. Mason, Brian D. BE Engvold, O TI Addressing confusion in double star nomenclature: The Washington Multiplicity Catalog SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 13 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 13-26, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union AB The Washington Multiplicity Catalog (WMC) project is an effort to address the often conflicting nomenclature schemes used by astronomers in different fields of double and multiple star research, by compiling a catalog of all known binary and multiple systems, then assigning a consistent (insofar as possible) component designation to each component. Components are treated in the same manner whether stellar or sub-stellar (e.g., brown dwarf, exosolar planet) in nature. This effort was begun shortly before the 2000 IAU General Assembly in Manchester, UK. A sample version of the planned catalog was presented at IAU Colloquium 191, held in Merida, Mexico in February 2003, and a modified version of this sample will be presented at the July 2003 CA in Sydney, Australia. Finally, if the nomenclature and catalog format are agreed upon, a full-sky version of the catalog will be created in time for the 2006 CA in Prague. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Hartkopf, WI (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-189-3 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2005 VL 13 BP 981 EP 988 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFB49 UT WOS:000240768700298 ER PT B AU Hwang, PA Huang, NE Wang, DW Kaihatu, JM AF Hwang, Paul A. Huang, Norden E. Wang, David W. Kaihatu, James M. BE Huang, NE Shen, SSP TI Hilbert spectra of nonlinear ocean waves SO HILBERT-HUANG TRANSFORM AND ITS APPLICATIONS SE Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Industrial-and-Applied-Mathematics/Canadian-Applied-and-Indu strial-Mathematics-Society CY JUN, 2003 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Soc Ind & Appl Math, Canadian Appl & Ind Math Soc ID SEA WAVES; WIND AB The Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) analysis interprets wave nonlinearity in terms of frequency modulation instead of harmonic generation. The resulting spectrum contains much higher spectral energy at low frequency and sharper drop off at high frequency in comparison with the spectra derived from Fourier-based analysis methods. The high energy level in the low-frequency components of the Hilbert spectrum seems to be consistent with the rich group structure apparent in typical ocean-wave records. For wind-generated waves, the spectral level of the Fourier spectrum is about two orders of magnitude smaller than that of the Hilbert spectrum at the first subharmonic of the peak frequency. The mean frequency of the Fourier spectrum is 20% higher than that of the Hilbert spectrum. Furthermore, the frequency of the wave groups is also more likely to be properly identified in the Hilbert spectrum than in the Fourier spectrum. The implications for ocean engineering and air-sea interaction are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrlssc.navy.mil; norden.e.huang@nasa.gov; david.wang@nrlssc.navy.mil; james.kaihatu@nrlssc.navy.mil; norden.e.huang@nasa.gov RI Kaihatu, James/H-7561-2016 OI Kaihatu, James/0000-0002-9277-6409 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-376-8 J9 INTERD MATH SCI PY 2005 VL 5 BP 211 EP 225 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BER92 UT WOS:000239182400010 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Huang, NE Wang, DW Kaihatu, JM AF Hwang, Paul A. Huang, Norden E. Wang, David W. Kaihatu, James M. BE Huang, NE Shen, SSP TI HILBERT SPECTRA OF NONLINEAR OCEAN WAVES SO HILBERT-HUANG TRANSFORM AND ITS APPLICATIONS SE Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEA WAVES; WIND AB The Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) analysis interprets wave nonlinearity in terms of frequency modulation instead of harmonic generation. The resulting spectrum contains much higher spectral energy at low frequency and sharper drop off at high frequency in comparison with the spectra derived from Fourier-based analysis methods. The high energy level in the low-frequency components of the Hilbert spectrum seems to be consistent with the rich group structure apparent in typical ocean-wave records. For wind-generated waves, the spectral level of the Fourier spectrum is about two orders of magnitude smaller than that of the Hilbert spectrum at the first subharmonic of the peak frequency. The mean frequency of the Fourier spectrm is 20% higher than that of the Hilbert spectrum. Furthermore, the frequency of the wave groups is also more likely to be properly identified in the Hilbert spectrum than in the Fourier spectrum. The implications for ocean engineering and air-sea interaction are discussed. C1 [Hwang, Paul A.; Wang, David W.; Kaihatu, James M.] USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Huang, Norden E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Inst Data Anal, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrlssc.navy.mil; norden.e.huang@nasa.gov; david.wang@nrlssc.navy.mil; james.kaihatu@nrlssc.navy.mil; norden.e.huang@nasa.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-9-81270-334-7 J9 INTERD MATH SCI PY 2005 VL 5 BP 211 EP 225 D2 10.1142/9789812703347 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Mathematics GA BZA93 UT WOS:000300954800011 ER PT B AU Salvino, LW Pines, DJ Todd, M Nichols, JM AF Salvino, Liming W. Pines, Darryll J. Todd, Michael Nichols, Jonathan M. BE Huang, NE Shen, SSP TI EMD and instantaneous phase detection of structural damage SO HILBERT-HUANG TRANSFORM AND ITS APPLICATIONS SE Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Industrial-and-Applied-Mathematics/Canadian-Applied-and-Indu strial-Mathematics-Society CY JUN, 2003 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Soc Ind & Appl Math, Canadian Appl & Ind Math Soc ID CORRELATION DIMENSION; FAULT-DIAGNOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEMS AB In this chapter, a new structural health-monitoring and damage-detection method is presented. A general time-frequency data analysis technique (empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert-Huang spectrum) in conjunction with a wave-mechanics-based concept is developed to provide a diagnostic tool for detecting and interpreting adverse changes in a structure. Sets of simple basis function components, known as intrinsic mode functions (IMF), are extracted adaptively from the measured structural response time series data. These IMFs axe amplitude and phase-modulated signals and are used to define the instantaneous phases of structural waves. The state of a structure is evaluated, and damage is identified based on these instantaneous phase features. Furthermore, fundamental relationships are developed connecting the instantaneous phases to a local physics-based structural representation in order to infer damage in terms of physical parameters, such as structural mass, stiffness, and damping. Damage-detection applications are investigated by using numerical simulations and a variety of laboratory experiments with simple structures. Several different types of excitation mechanisms are used for dynamic input to the structures. The time series output of the structural response is then analyzed by using the new method. The instantaneous phase relationships are extracted and examined for changes which may have occurred due to damage. These results are compared to those from other newly developed detection methods, such as an algorithm based on the geometric properties of a chaotic attractor. The studies presented here show that our method, without linear-system or stationary-process assumptions, can identify and locate structural damage and permit the further development of a reliable real-time structural health-monitoring and damage-detection system. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Salvino, LW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 652, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM salvinolw@nswccd.navy.mil; djpterp@eng.umd.edu; mdt@ucsd.edu; pele@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-376-8 J9 INTERD MATH SCI PY 2005 VL 5 BP 227 EP 262 PG 36 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BER92 UT WOS:000239182400011 ER PT J AU Salvino, LW Pines, DJ Todd, M Nichols, JM AF Salvino, Liming W. Pines, Darryll J. Todd, Michael Nichols, Jonathan M. BE Huang, NE Shen, SSP TI EMD AND INSTANTANEOUS PHASE DETECTION OF STRUCTURAL DAMAGE SO HILBERT-HUANG TRANSFORM AND ITS APPLICATIONS SE Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CORRELATION DIMENSION; FAULT-DIAGNOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEMS AB In this chapter, a new structural health-monitoring and damage-detection method is presented. A general time-frequency data analysis technique (empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert-Huang spectrum) in conjunction with a wave-mechanics-based concept is developed to provide a diagnostic tool for detecting and interpreting adverse changes in a structure. Sets of simple basis function components, known as intrinsic mode functions (IMF), are extracted adaptively from the measured structural response time series data. These IMFs are amplitude-and phase-modulated signals and are used to define the instantaneous phases of structural waves. The state of a structure is evaluated, and damage is identified based on these instantaneous phase features. Furthermore, fundamental relationships are developed connecting the instantaneous phases to a local physics-based structural representation in order to infer damage in terms of physical parameters, such as structural mass, stiffness, and damping. Damage-detection applications are investigated by using numerical simulations and a variety of laboratory experiments with simple structures. Several different types of excitation mechanisms are used for dynamic input to the structures. The time series output of the structural response is then analyzed by using the new method. The instantaneous phase relationships are extracted and examined for changes which may have occurred due to damage. These results are compared to those from other newly developed detection methods, such as an algorithm based on the geometric properties of a chaotic attractor. The studies presented here show that our method, without linear-system or stationary-process assumptions, can identify and locate structural damage and permit the further development of a reliable real-time structural health-monitoring and damage-detection system. C1 [Salvino, Liming W.] USN, Carderock Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Pines, Darryll J.] Univ Maryland, Smart Struct Lab, Alfred Gessow Rotorcraft Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Todd, Michael] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Nichols, Jonathan M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Salvino, LW (reprint author), USN, Carderock Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code 652, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM salvinolw@nswccd.navy.mil; djpterp@eng.umd.edu; mdt@ucsd.edu; pele@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-9-81270-334-7 J9 INTERD MATH SCI PY 2005 VL 5 BP 227 EP 262 D2 10.1142/9789812703347 PG 36 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Mathematics GA BZA93 UT WOS:000300954800012 ER PT J AU Fine, B Gaglione, AM Spellman, D AF Fine, B Gaglione, AM Spellman, D TI Discriminating and squarelike groups II: Examples SO HOUSTON JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE discriminating group; squarelike group ID DIMENSION AB Discriminating groups were invented by G. Baumslag, A.G. Myasnikov and V.N. Remeslennikov in [BMR2). These groups arose out of consideration by the above authors of their freshly minted theory of algebraic geometry over groups. Although unforeseen at first, the notion admits beautiful and exotic examples some of which appeared earlier in diverse contexts. Squarelike groups were invented by the authors in [FGMS2] and may be viewed as nonstandard discriminating groups. In this paper we give examples of groups which are discriminating or squarelike as well as groups which are not. The main result is the existence of a finitely generated squarelike group which is not discriminating. C1 Fairfield Univ, Dept Math, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Math, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Fine, B (reprint author), Fairfield Univ, Dept Math, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. EM amg@usna.edu NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV HOUSTON PI HOUSTON PA DEPT MATH, HOUSTON, TX 77204 USA SN 0362-1588 J9 HOUSTON J MATH JI Houst. J. Math. PY 2005 VL 31 IS 3 BP 649 EP 674 PG 26 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 949FR UT WOS:000230771000002 ER PT B AU Peterson, B Stine, JL Darken, RP AF Peterson, B Stine, JL Darken, RP BE Montgomery, H Lipshitz, R Brehmer, B TI Eliciting knowledge from military ground navigators SO HOW PROFESSIONALS MAKE DECISIONS SE EXPERTISE: RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Naturalistic Decision Making Conference CY MAY 26-28, 2000 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP Swedish Res Council, Bank Sweden Tercentenary Fdn, Swedish Natl Defence Coll ID CRITICAL DECISION METHOD C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-4471-6 J9 EXP RES APPL PY 2005 BP 351 EP 364 PG 14 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA BBD97 UT WOS:000225081200025 ER PT B AU Coulthard, SM Volino, RJ Flack, KA AF Coulthard, Sarah M. Volino, Ralph J. Flack, Karen A. GP ASME TI Effect of unheated starting lengths on film cooling experiments SO HT2005: Proceedings of the ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference 2005, Vol 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 15-22, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME AB The effect of an unheated starting length upstream of a row of film cooling holes was studied experimentally to determine its effect on heat transfer coefficients downstream of the holes. Cases with a single row of cylindrical film cooling holes inclined at 35 degrees to the surface of a flat plate were considered at blowing ratios of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5. For each case experiments were conducted to determine the film cooling effectiveness and the Stanton number distributions in cases with the surface upstream of the holes heated and unheated. Measurements were made using an infrared camera, thermocouples, and hot and cold wire anemometry. Ratios were computed of the Stanton number with film cooling (St(f)) to corresponding Stanton numbers in cases without film cooling (St(0)) but the same surface heating conditions. Contours of these ratios were qualitatively the same regardless of the upstream heating conditions, but the ratios were larger for the cases with a heating starting length. Differences were most pronounced just downstream of the holes and for the lower blowing rate cases. Even 12 diameters downstream of the holes the Stanton number ratios were 10 to 15% higher with a heated starting length. The differences in Stanton number distributions are related to jet flow structures which vary with blowing rate. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Coulthard, SM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4733-0 PY 2005 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1115/HT2005-72392 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mathematics GA BFN96 UT WOS:000243379500006 ER PT B AU Tudor, V Cerza, M Smith, AN Conroy, CT AF Tudor, V. Cerza, M. Smith, A. N. Conroy, C. T. GP ASME TI The effect of initial charge on the steady-state operating performance of a capillary assisted thermosyphon SO HT2005: Proceedings of the ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference 2005, Vol 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 15-22, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME ID 2-PHASE THERMOSIPHON; CLOSED-LOOP AB The future capabilities of naval ships will be directly related to the electronic components used in advanced radar systems, fire control systems, electric propulsion and electric weapons. Modem electronics continue to grow in speed and functionality but shrink in size and mass, causing the power density to dramatically increase. Thermal management is becoming a major issue for the modem electronic Navy. An experimental investigation on the effect of liquid charge in a capillary assisted thermosyphon (CAT) loop for the shipboard cooling of electronics components has been conducted. The employed CAT loop differs from the capillary pumped loop or loop heat pipe system, in that the basic cooling loop is based on a thermosyphon. A wick structure located on the walls of the evaporator plate provides the capillary assistance needed to spread the working fluid (i.e. water) across the flat plate evaporator in the areas under the heat sources. This differs from a capillary pumped loop in that the wick structure does not produce a significant capillary pumping head from the liquid return to the vapor outlet side of the evaporator. The forced circulation in the CAT loop is caused by a gravity head between the condenser cold plate and the flat plate evaporator. The influence of the liquid charge on the CAT loop performance was studied for a fixed sink temperature and a range of heat inputs from 250W to 1000W. The initial liquid charge was varied from 50 ml to 200 ml (i.e. 16% to 24% evaporator fill ratio). The evaporator fill ratio was defined in this study as the ratio of the initial charge to the total volume of the evaporator. The condenser cold plate cooling water flow rate was set to 63.088 ml/sec. The CAT flat plate evaporator performed very well under this range of heat inputs, sink temperature, and initial charges. The experimental results obtained indicated that as heat input and the liquid charge increased or decreased above/below an optimum value, the operating temperature in the evaporator increased. The CAT loop flow dynamics also changed as a function of the initial liquid charge. Overall these effects did not hinder the thermal performance as measured by the internal operating temperature of the evaporator. An optimal charge was observed at an evaporator fill ratio of 40% (i.e. 125ml). C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Tudor, V (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4734-9 PY 2005 BP 537 EP 542 DI 10.1115/HT2005-72323 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BFN98 UT WOS:000243380100064 ER PT J AU Lazaro, AM Cao, K Masaberg, C Steiner, N Tu, B Ng, J Hartzman, RP Hurley, CK AF Lazaro, AM Cao, K Masaberg, C Steiner, N Tu, B Ng, J Hartzman, RP Hurley, CK TI The discovery of new HLA alleles: What kinds of variants are being detected today SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 31st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Histocompatibility-and-Immunogenetics CY OCT 17-21, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Histocompatibil & Immunogenet C1 Georgetown Univ, CW Bill Young Marrow Donor Program, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC USA. Georgetown Univ, CW Bill Young Marrow Donor Program, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PY 2005 VL 66 SU 1 BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 983HF UT WOS:000233221400085 ER PT J AU Tu, B Ling, GY Tang, T Cao, K Montemayor, C Hartzman, RJ Ng, J Hurley, CK AF Tu, B Ling, GY Tang, T Cao, K Montemayor, C Hartzman, RJ Ng, J Hurley, CK TI Using sequence based typing to define HLA-A,B,C,DRB 1 alleles in 564 African Americans SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 31st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Histocompatibility-and-Immunogenetics CY OCT 17-21, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Histocompatibil & Immunogenet C1 Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Kensington, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PY 2005 VL 66 SU 1 BP S53 EP S53 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 983HF UT WOS:000233221400100 ER PT B AU Abramson, M Chao, W Mittu, R AF Abramson, M Chao, W Mittu, R BE Arabnia, HR Joshua, R TI Design and evaluation of distributed role allocation algorithms in open environments SO ICAI '05: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2005 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ICAI 05) CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV SP CSREA, Int Technol Inst, World Acad Sci Informat Technol, HPCwire, GRIDtoday DE role allocation; coordination; distributed problem solving; open environments AB Role allocation has emerged as one of the key issue in teamwork involving communication. While direct point-to-point communication is expensive and uncertain, access to neighbors is reliable and efficient in scale-free networks such as those found in open environments and social networks. This suggests decentralized approaches to role allocation based on communication between neighbors. This paper adapts and evaluates some of the basic types of algorithms in distributed role allocation in open environments using a novel coordination measure in the prey/predator domain. The experiments show that communicating beliefs rather than intentions enhance role-based coordination in open environments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Myriam.Abramson@nrl.navy.mil; chao@itd.nrl.navy.mil; Ranjeev.Mittu@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-68-8 PY 2005 BP 565 EP 571 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDY19 UT WOS:000236070700083 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, PR AF Bandyopadhyay, PR TI Trends in biorobotic autonomous undersea vehicles SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE artificial muscles; autonomous undersea vehicles (AUVs); biorobotics; fish biology; high-lift; hydrodynamics; internal Froude number; maneuvering; neuroscience-based control; pectoral fins; polymers ID BIOLOGICALLY-INSPIRED BODIES; SMALL UNDERWATER VEHICLES; FISH SWIMMING SPEED; PECTORAL FINS; CONTROL SURFACES; INSECT FLIGHT; MANEUVERING HYDRODYNAMICS; LABRIFORM LOCOMOTION; ARTIFICIAL MUSCLE; TELEOST FISHES AB The emergence of biorobotic autonomous undersea vehicle (AUV) as a focus for discipline-integrated research in the context of underwater propulsion and maneuvering is considered within the confines of the Biorobotics Program in the Office of Naval Research. The significant advances in three disciplines, namely the biology-inspired high-lift unsteady hydrodynamics, artificial muscle technology and neuroscience-based control, are discussed in an effort to integrate them into viable products. The understanding of the mechanismis of delayed stall, molecular design of artificial muscles and the neural approaches to the actuation of control surfaces is reviewed in the context of devices based on the pectoral fins of fish, while remaining focused on their integrated implementation in biorobotic AUVs. A mechanistic understanding of the balance between cruising and maneuvering in swimming animals and undersea vehicles is given. All aquatic platforms, in both nature and engineering, except during short duration burst speeds that are observed in a few species, appear to lie within the condition where their natural period of oscillation equals the time taken by them to travel the distance of their own lengths. Progress in the development of small underwater experimental biorobotic vehicles is considered where the three aforementioned disciplines are integrated into one novel maneuvering device or propulsor. The potential in maneuvering and silencing is discussed. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP USN, Underwater Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM Bandyopadhyay@Npt.NUWC.Navy.Mil NR 158 TC 188 Z9 193 U1 17 U2 86 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 1 BP 109 EP 139 DI 10.1109/JOE.2005.843748 PG 31 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 930LM UT WOS:000229417400013 ER PT J AU Clark, CA AF Clark, CA TI Acoustic wave propagation in horizontally variable media SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustics; multipath expansion; stationary phase; underwater sound propagation; wave equation AB An overview of the multipath expansion method of solving the Helmholtz wave equation to describe the underwater sound field for a fixed point source in a plane multilayered medium is presented. The approach is then extended to account for horizontal variations in bottom depth, bottom type, and sound speed in the stationary phase approximation. Comparisons of model results to a limited number of measured data sets and standard propagation codes are presented. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Clark, CA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 1 BP 188 EP 197 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.834167 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 930LM UT WOS:000229417400018 ER PT J AU Wettergren, TA Traweek, CM AF Wettergren, TA Traweek, CM TI Optimization of conventional beamformer shading weights for conformal velocity sonar SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE beamforming; conformal velocity sonar; optimization; sonar array ID DESIGN; ARRAY AB A numerical optimization technique that uses sonar array noise measurements is used to determine conventional shading weights that maximize the broadband deflection coefficient at the output of the optimal square-law detector, across a frequency band of interest. This process maintains the structure of the conventional processor while providing performance improvement typical of adaptive techniques. The performance of the optimized time domain delay-and-sum beamformer is compared with that of the traditional beamformer that uses conventionally chosen shading weights. Application of this method to conformal velocity sonar array data is shown to provide large improvements in performance over heuristic designs. C1 USN, Underwater Warefare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Wettergren, TA (reprint author), USN, Underwater Warefare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM t.a.wettergren@ieee.org; traweem@onr.navy.mil OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 1 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.840279 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 930LM UT WOS:000229417400021 ER PT J AU Wieselthier, JE Altman, E Ephremides, A Macker, JP Russell, HB Steenstrup, N Wicker, SB Segall, A AF Wieselthier, JE Altman, E Ephremides, A Macker, JP Russell, HB Steenstrup, N Wicker, SB Segall, A TI Wireless ad hoc networks - Part I SO IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. INRIA, F-06902 Sophia Antipolis, France. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Stow Res LLC, Flanders, NJ 07836 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Wieselthier, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8716 J9 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM JI IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1109/JSAC.2004.838577 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 884CV UT WOS:000226063100001 ER PT J AU Heitmeyer, C AF Heitmeyer, C TI System designers, not analysts, should design SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Software Engn Sect, Washington, DC USA. RP Heitmeyer, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Software Engn Sect, Washington, DC USA. EM heitmeyer@itd.nrl.navy.mil RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011; OI Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7459 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 49 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 883TA UT WOS:000226037400013 ER PT J AU Smith, JR Mirotznik, MS AF Smith, JR Mirotznik, MS TI Moments via integral transform method for 2-D dielectric materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic scattering; method of moments (MoM); transforms AB This paper extends the moments via integral transform method (MITM) which analytically reduces the general method of moments (MoM) impedance equation from a double integral to a single integral thereby significantly reducing the matrix fill time. The MITM makes use of a specialized integral representation of the two, dimensional Green's function (Hankel function) and represents the MoM impedance as a single integral in terms of integral transforms which are analytic for nearly arbitrary shape and weight functions. C1 NSWCCD, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), NSWCCD, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM smithjr@nswccd.navy.mil; mirotznik@cua.edu NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 560 EP 563 DI 10.1109/TAP.2004.838749 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 886VT UT WOS:000226261600038 ER PT J AU Nguyen, GD AF Nguyen, GD TI Error-detection codes: Algorithms and fast implementation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE fast error-detection code; hamming code; CRC; checksum ID WEIGHTED SUM CODES; EXISTING CODES AB Binary CRCs are very effective for error detection, but their software implementation is not very efficient. Thus, many binary non-CRC codes ( which are not as strong as CRCs, but can be more efficiently implemented in software) are proposed as alternatives to CRCs. The non-CRC codes include WSC, CXOR, one's-complement checksum, Fletcher checksum, and block-parity code. In this paper, we present a general algorithm for constructing a family of binary error-detection codes. This family is large because it contains all these non-CRC codes, CRCs, perfect codes, as well as other linear and nonlinear codes. In addition to unifying these apparently disparate codes, our algorithm also generates some non-CRC codes that have minimum distance 4 ( like CRCs) and efficient software implementation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nguyen, GD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nguyen@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9340 J9 IEEE T COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Comput. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 54 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1109/TC.2005.7 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 870PC UT WOS:000225068900001 ER PT J AU Lee, ZP Rhea, WJ Arnone, R Goode, W AF Lee, ZP Rhea, WJ Arnone, R Goode, W TI Absorption coefficients of marine waters: Expanding multiband information to hyperspectral data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE absorption coefficient; hyperspectral; multispectral; remote sensing ID OCEANIC PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NATURAL-WATERS; COLOR; ALGORITHMS; LIGHT; MODEL; SEA AB For many oceanographic studies and applications, it is desirable to know the spectrum of the attenuation coefficient. For water of the vast ocean, an effective way to get information about this property is through satellite measurements of ocean color. Past and present satellite sensors designed for ocean-color measurements, however, can only provide data in a few spectral bands. A tool is needed to expand these multiband measurements to hyperspectral information. The major contributors to the attenuation coefficient are absorption And backscatteriing coefficients. The spectral backscattering coefficient can generally be well described with a couple of parameters, but not so for the spectral absorption coefficient. In this paper, based on available hyperspectral absorption data, spectral-transfer coefficients are developed to expand multiband absorption coefficients to hyperspectral (400-700 nm with a 16-nm step) absorption spectrum. The derived transfer coefficients are further applied to data from field measurements to test their performance, and it is found that modeled absorption matches measured absorption very well (-5% error). These results indicate that when absorption and backscattering coefficients are available at multiple bands, a hyperspectral attenuation-coefficient spectrum can now be well constructed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, ZP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM zplee@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 1 BP 118 EP 124 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.839815 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 887HC UT WOS:000226295500015 ER PT J AU Stack, JR Habetler, TG Harley, RG AF Stack, JR Habetler, TG Harley, RG TI Experimentally generating faults in rolling element bearings via shaft current SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives CY AUG 24-26, 2003 CL STONE MT, GA SP IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE bearings (mechanical); condition monitoring; fault diagnosis; vibration ID INVERTERS AB The purpose of this research is to develop a method for experimentally generating in situ bearing faults. To motivate this topic, experimental results are provided that illustrate how the act of removing and replacing test bearings drastically alters the machine vibration and stator current spectral characteristics. Based on this observation, a method is developed that employs an externally applied shaft current to initiate and progress a hearing fault in an accelerated timeframe. This experimental method begins with a new, undamaged bearing and progresses it throughout its entire lifecycle in situ. The test machine is a standard induction motor that can be interfaced with any load and operate at any arbitrary speed or load level throughout the bearing failure process. Data generated by this experimental method can then be used to evaluate the performance of various bearing condition monitoring schemes. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Stack, JR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Signal & Image Proc Branch, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM jason.stack@navy.mil; thabetler@ee.gatech.edu; ron.harley@ece.gatech.edu NR 7 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.1109/TIA.2004.840966 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 892UQ UT WOS:000226675900004 ER PT J AU Ellis, RL Poynor, JC McGlasson, BT Smith, AN AF Ellis, RL Poynor, JC McGlasson, BT Smith, AN TI Influence of bore and rail geometry on an electromagnetic naval railgun system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Electronmagnetic Launch Technology Symposium CY MAY 25-28, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT DE naval; rail geometry; railgun ID DESIGN AB A large-scale railgun is being considered by the U.S. Navy as a future long-range (> 200 nm) naval weapon system. The notional concept includes a 15 kg projectile with a 2.5 km/s muzzle velocity. The choice of bore and rail geometry for such a weapon can influence key aspects of the total system design. This study explored a range of bore and rail geometries and looked at their effects on key railgun system parameters such as parasitic mass, inductance gradient, linear current density, required pulse forming network (PFN) size, and barrel mass. Preliminary solid modeling and structural analysis of the integrated launch package was performed in order to quantify parasitic mass. Inductance gradient calculations were based on a current density distribution analysis. A PFN/launcher numerical simulation model was then used to determine linear current density and PFN size. Finally, barrel mass was estimated by structural analysis based on calculated rail repulsive forces. Trends and sensitivities of the different parameters to changes in the bore and rail geometries are presented and conclusions are given. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ellis, RL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM ellisrl@nswc.navy.mil NR 7 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 182 EP 187 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.839272 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 887YW UT WOS:000226342400007 ER PT J AU Meger, RA Cooper, K Jones, H Neri, J Qadri, S Singer, IL Sprague, J Wahl, KJ AF Meger, RA Cooper, K Jones, H Neri, J Qadri, S Singer, IL Sprague, J Wahl, KJ TI Analysis of rail surfaces from a multishot railgun SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Electronmagnetic Launch Technology Symposium CY MAY 25-28, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT DE aluminum armature; electromagnetic railgun; materials analysis; rail surfaces AB The Naval Research Laboratory has initiated a program to study the effects of high power launch on railgun barrel materials. A rail used for 20 shots on the medium caliber launcher at the University of Texas at Austin Institute for Advanced Technology was analyzed using a variety of surface and bulk diagnostics. Initial results are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meger, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM meger@nrl.navy.mil OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 2 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 211 EP 213 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838923 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 887YW UT WOS:000226342400012 ER PT J AU Smith, AN Ellis, RL Bernardes, JS Zielinski, AE AF Smith, AN Ellis, RL Bernardes, JS Zielinski, AE TI Thermal management and resistive rail heating of a large-scale naval electromagnetic launcher SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Electronmagnetic Launch Technology Symposium CY MAY 25-28, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT DE electromagnetic railgun; resistive heating; thermal management AB This paper presents a model that can be implemented to quickly estimate the resistive heating and the resulting transient temperature response. Quantifying the energy deposited in the rails and implementing an effective thermal management system will be key elements of an effective design for a large-scale electromagnetic launcher. The total-current was divided between the inside, upper/lower, and outside surface based on the results of a current distribution calculation. The diffusion of the magnetic field into each surface was modeled in order to determine the current distribution and the resistive heating. Cooling between shots was taken into account by solving the one dimensional transient, heat diffusion equation within each surface. Repeating these calculations for a number of discrete segments down the length of the rail enabled the prediction of the total resistive rail heating and the temperature profile along the length of the rail. Experimental tests were conducted that verify the presence of localized heating in the corners of a U-shaped conductor made of 7075 Aluminum. Taking into account the localized resistive heating near the surface of the conductor will become increasingly important with large-scale guns. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USA, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22488 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Smith, AN (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ansmith@usna.edu NR 8 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.839269 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 887YW UT WOS:000226342400017 ER PT J AU Ainsleigh, PL Greineder, SG Kehtarnavaz, N AF Ainsleigh, PL Greineder, SG Kehtarnavaz, N TI Classification of nonstationary narrowband signals using segmented chirp features and hidden Gauss-Markov models SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE covariance scaling; EM algorithm; fractional Fourier transform; hidden Markov model; linear chirp; linear Gaussian model; Newton algorithm; piecewise linear FM; signal classification; SNR weighting ID TRANSFORM; FREQUENCY; MAXIMUM AB A method is provided for classifying finite-duration signals with narrow instantaneous bandwidth and dynamic instantaneous frequency (IF). In this method, events are partitioned into nonoverlapping segments, and each segment is modeled as a linear chirp, forming a piecewise-linear IF model. The start frequency, chirp rate, signal energy, and noise energy are estimated in each segment. The resulting sequences of frequency and rate features for each event are classified by evaluating their likelihood under the probability density function (PDF) corresponding to each narrowband class hypothesis. The class-conditional PDFs are approximated using continuous-state hidden Gauss-Markov models (HGMMs), whose parameters are estimated from labeled training data. Previous HGMM algorithms are extended by dynamically weighting the output covariance matrix by the ratio of the estimated signal and noise energies from each segment. This covariance weighting discounts spurious features from segments with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), making the algorithm more robust in the presence of dynamic noise levels and fading signals. The classification algorithm is applied in a simulated three-class cross-validation experiment, for which the algorithm exhibits percent correct classification greater than 97% as low as -7 dB SNR. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Ainsleigh, PL (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM ainsleighpl@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; greined-ersg@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; kehtar@utdallas.edu NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1109/TSP.2004.838945 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 880RX UT WOS:000225808000014 ER PT S AU Livingston, MA Zanbaka, C Swan, JE Smallman, HS AF Livingston, MA Zanbaka, C Swan, JE Smallman, HS BE Frohlich, B Julier, S Takemura, H TI Objective measures for the effectiveness of augmented reality SO IEEE Virtual Reality 2005, Conference Proceedings SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Virtual Reality 2005 Conference CY MAR 12-16, 2005 CL Bonn, GERMANY SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE VGTC DE augmented reality; presence; perception; depth matching; user interface; evaluation AB Augmented reality (AR) systems present a mixture of virtual and real objects. The challenge for AR system evaluators is how to tell whether the virtual world is effective at conveying the sense of reality. It may never be possible or even necessary to determine whether the user is truly fooled in all situations or is merely "suspending disbelief," but one can objectively measure the effectiveness of an AR environment with a task-based approach. We present the results of our first such experiment, involving low-level perceptual tasks of recognition and depth matching. C1 USN, Res Lab, Virtual Real Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Livingston, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Virtual Real Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1087-8270 BN 0-7803-8929-8 J9 P IEEE VIRT REAL ANN PY 2005 BP 287 EP 288 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBZ80 UT WOS:000228408200048 ER PT B AU Schuler, DL Lee, JS Pottier, E De Grandi, G AF Schuler, DL Lee, JS Pottier, E De Grandi, G GP IEEE TI Comparison of polarimetric SAR techniques for the measurement of directional ocean wave spectra SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun DE radar polarimetry; directional ocean wave spectra; slick fields; and remote sensing AB Several methods have been investigated which use fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) data to measure directional ocean wave slope spectra. Independent techniques have been developed to measure wave slopes in the orthogonal SAR (azimuth/range) directions. In this paper, wave spectra measured using two polarimetric methods are investigated. Spectra developed using a) intensity-based polarimetric SAR methods and b) a more recent orientation/alpha angle algorithm are compared. NASA/JPL/AIRSAR L-band data from two-sites in California coastal waters have been used. Keywords: Radar polarimetry, directional ocean wave spectra, slick fields, and remote sensing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuler, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 28 EP 31 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237600008 ER PT B AU Ainsworth, TL Lee, JS AF Ainsworth, TL Lee, JS GP IEEE TI Polarimetric SAR image classification employing subaperture polarimetric analysis SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun DE classification; subaperture analysis; polarimetric SAR AB Polarimetric SAR image classification remains an important research area. Various methods continue to be developed for specific applications. High-resolution polarimetric SAR systems and advances in computational and data storage capabilities have revived interest in novel polarimetric analysis techniques. Accordingly, subaperture analysis of polarimetric SAR data has received renewed attention. A central assumption of SAR image formation is that individual radar scatterers are stationary; they have no structure and provide a constant reflectivity during the imaging process. However, with increased resolution, and hence fewer scatterers per pixel, the nonstationary response from any given scatterer is more likely to influence total radar backscatter of a pixel. We present a method to assess the polarimetric variability across the full aperture. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ainsworth, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Core 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 48 EP 50 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237600013 ER PT B AU Hwang, PA AF Hwang, PA GP IEEE TI Wavenumber spectrum of intermediate-scale ocean surface waves SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun ID SHORT WIND-WAVES; SLOPE; MODEL AB This paper presents an analysis of the wavenumber spectra of intermediate-scale waves (wavelengths between 0.02 and 6 m) under various sea-stale conditions. The main result of the analysis is that the dependence of the dimensionless wave spectrum: on the dimensionless wind friction velocity follows a power-law function. The coefficient and exponent of the power-law function vary systematically with the wavenumber. The wavenumber dependence of the coefficient and exponent serves as an empirical parameterization for computing the wavenumber spectra of intermediate-scale waves at different wind speeds. Calculation of the mean-square slope from the resulting wavenumber spectrum confirms that intermediate-scale waves are the dominant contributor of the ocean surface roughness. A simple formula is presented for calculating the band-pass filtered mean-square slope of the ocean surface for remote sensing applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 272 EP 275 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237600071 ER PT B AU Lee, ZP Du, K Arnone, R Liew, S Penta, B AF Lee, ZP Du, K Arnone, R Liew, S Penta, B GP IEEE TI Attenuation of visible solar radiation in the upper water column: A model based on IOPs SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; UPPER OCEAN; LIGHT FIELDS; HEATING RATE; ABSORPTION AB For many oceanic studies, it is required to know the distribution of visible solar radiation (E-PAR) in the upper water column. One way to reach this is by remote sensing. This includes two components: First, E-PAR at surface is calculated based on atmosphere properties along with the position of the Sun. Second, the vertical attenuation of E-PAR (K-PAR) is derived from products of ocean-color remote sensing. Currently, K-PAR is estimated based on chlorophyll concentration ([C]) from ocean color. This kind of approach works well for waters where all optical properties can be adequately described by values of [C], but will result in large uncertainties for coastal waters where [C] alone cannot accurately describe the optical properties. In this paper, we present an innovative model that describes K-PAR as a function of water's inherent optical properties (IOP). C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lee, ZP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 1920 EP 1923 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237602109 ER PT B AU Adams, IS Hennon, CC Jones, WL Ahmad, K AF Adams, IS Hennon, CC Jones, WL Ahmad, K GP IEEE TI Hurricane wind vector estimates from WindSat polarimetric radiometer SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun ID HRD AB WindSat is the world's first microwave polarimetric radiometer, designed to measure ocean vector winds. In late 2004, the first preliminary oceanic wind vector results were released, and this paper presents the first evaluation of this product for several Atlantic hurricanes during the 2003 season. Both wind speed and wind direction comparisons will be made with surface wind analysis (H*Wind) developed by the NOAA Hurricane Research Division (HRD) and provided by the NOAA National Hurricane Center (NHC). Examples are presented where HRD aircraft flights were conducted within several hours of the WindSat overpass. These H*Wind surface wind analyses provide the most complete independent surface winds comparison data set available. Both WindSat retrieved wind speeds and wind directions are evaluated (against H*Wind) as a function of storm quadrant. To complement the analysis, rain rates were derived using WindSat brightness temperatures with a modified version of the TMI 2AI2 heritage rain algorithm. Effects of rain on the derived wind speeds and directions are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Adams, IS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 4014 EP 4017 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237605074 ER PT B AU Lee, T Goerss, J Hawkins, J Turk, J Jelenak, Z Chang, P AF Lee, T Goerss, J Hawkins, J Turk, J Jelenak, Z Chang, P GP IEEE TI WindSat applications for weather forecasters and data assimilation SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun ID SSM/I; OCEAN AB This, paper examines WindSat wind retrievals from two perspectives. The first is a statistical analysis, comparing both WindSat and QuikSCAT to model output. The second is an analysis geared toward weather forecasters based on individual case studies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Lee, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010 OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 4022 EP 4025 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237605076 ER PT B AU Bachmann, CM Ainsworth, TL Fusina, RA AF Bachmann, CM Ainsworth, TL Fusina, RA GP IEEE TI Improved manifold coordinate representations of hyperspectral imagery SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun ID CLASSIFIERS AB There are many well-known sources of nonlinearity present in hyperspectral imagery; these include hi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) effects, multi-path scatter between heterogeneous pixel constituents, and the variable presence of water, an attenuating medium, in the scene. In recent puhlications, we have presented a data-driven approach to representing the nonlinear structure of hyperspectral imagery [4]. The approach relies on graph methods to derive geodesic distances on the high-dimensional hyperspectral data manifold. From these distances, a set of manifold coordinates that parameterizes the data manifold is derived. Because of the computational and memory overhead required in the geodesic coordinate calculations, the approach relies on partitioning the scene into subsets where the optimal manifold coordinates can he derived in an efficient manner, followed by an alignment stage during which the embedded manifold coordinates for each subset are aligned to a common manifold coordinate system. In [4], we demonstrated the feasihility of the coordinate and alignment methodology and the ability of the manifold approach to provide higher data compression and more effective classification when compared with linear methods. In this paper we develop an improved approach to the manifold coordinate alignment phase with an improved sampling methodology. Results are demonstrated using examples of hyperspectral imagery derived from PROBE2 hyperspectral scenes of the Virginia Coast Reserve barrier islands. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7232, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7232, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 4307 EP 4310 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237605150 ER PT B AU Kersten, PR Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL AF Kersten, PR Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL GP IEEE TI Comparison of change detection statistics in POLSAR images SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun DE change-detection; ellipticity; contrast ratio; Bartlett test; hypothesis test; Wishart Distribution; POLSAR images AB Change detection in polarimetric SAR (POLSAR) images is an important topic. Three statistics are compared on both simulated and real data for their efficacy in change detection. The three statistics are the contrast ratio, the ellipticity and the Bartlett test. The relative performance for these three test statistics on the two simulations is dramatically different The results are illustrated and explained. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kersten, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 4836 EP 4839 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237606083 ER PT B AU Lee, JS Papathanassiou, KP Hajnsek, I Mette, T Grunes, MR Ainsworth, T Ferro-Famil, L AF Lee, JS Papathanassiou, KP Hajnsek, I Mette, T Grunes, MR Ainsworth, T Ferro-Famil, L GP IEEE TI Applying polarimetric SAR interferometric data for forest classification SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun DE polarimetric SAR; forest classification; polarimetric SAR interferometry AB In this paper the potential of combining polarimetric and interferometric classification approaches to classify forest is evaluated. First, forest classes, obtained from the application of polarimetric classification algorithms based on second order statistical properties and scattering properties of the data, are examined for their correlations with ground truth measurements of forest types and growth stages. Then optimal coherences will be utilized to increase the separation between classes. Both supervised and unsupervised classifications will be compared, and a new forest classification technique will be developed. In addition, we will evaluate the effect of interferometric coherences on forest classification for various spatial and temporal baselines. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 4848 EP 4851 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237606086 ER PT B AU Ngo, MT Linde, GJ Cheung, WJ AF Ngo, MT Linde, GJ Cheung, WJ GP IEEE TI Exploration of the lower atmosphere with millimeter-wave radar SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun DE air spikes; high power millimeter wave; high resolution; WARLOC ID TURBULENCE AB With the high peak power and large antenna gain of the WARLOC W-band (94 GHz) radar, clear-air radar returns from the lower atmosphere, which have no visible underlying scattering mechanism, have been observed. Due to their close resemblance to classical sea spikes from the sea-surface scatter, the unknown phenomena are being referred to as "air spikes." In this paper, a brief description of the high power WARLOC radar and preliminary observations of radar returns from air spikes are presented. Characteristics of air spikes in terms of height distribution, velocity response, volume density distribution, radar cross section, and spatial extent are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngo, MT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Code 5306,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 5096 EP 5099 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237606151 ER PT B AU Sletten, MA AF Sletten, MA GP IEEE TI An analysis of gradient-induced distortion in dual beam ATI systems for vector surface current mapping SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun DE SAR interferometty; currents AB This paper summarizes an analysis of gradient-induced distortions in the vector surface current estimates generated by dual-beam, along-track interferometric SAR systems. In such systems, interferograms from two squinted beams, one squinted forward of broadside and the other aft, are combined to measure the full surface current vector with only a single aircraft pass. However, in the presence of significant current gradients, an effect akin to velocity-bunching can cause distortion in the measured current estimates. Up to a point, these distortions can be removed by a straightforward, spatial re-mapping of the interferogram pixels based upon their phase values. However, there is a critical current gradient beyond which the true surface current field is not recoverable. In addition, the along-track component of the surface current introduces unequal azimuthal displacements in the fore- and aft-squinted interferograms. As a result, when along-track currents are present, the two interferograms will not be spatially registered. If appreciable along-track current gradients are also present, the resulting current vector estimates in and around the gradient region will undergo further distortion. These effects are explored through an approximate, linear analysis as well as through a full interferometric SAR model, using the current gradients present in rivers as an example. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sletten, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7264,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 5482 EP 5485 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237607044 ER PT S AU Barron, JA Young, HD Ringeisen, BR Dlott, DD Krizman, DB AF Barron, JA Young, HD Ringeisen, BR Dlott, DD Krizman, DB BE Nicolau, DV Enderlein, J Leif, RC Farkas, DL Raghavachari, R TI Biological laser printing as an alternative to traditional protein arrayers SO Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules and Cells: Fundamentals and Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules and Cells - Fundamentals and Applications III CY JAN 24-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID DIRECT WRITE; MICROARRAYS; MICROSCOPY AB Current proteomics experiments often rely upon printing techniques such as ink jet, pin, or quill arrayers that were developed for the creation of cDNA microarrays. These techniques often do not meet the spotting requirements needed for successful high throughput protein identification and profiling. The Naval Research Laboratory has developed an alternative to these commercially available arrayers that does not rely upon a solid pin or capillary-based fluidics. This presentation describes experiments demonstrating that biological laser printing, or BioLP (TM) is capable of depositing microarrays of proteins rapidly and efficiently. This technique utilizes a focused laser pulse to obtain micron-scale resolution rather than a pin or orifice, thereby eliminating clogging and protein loss commonly encountered in commercially available printers. The speed and spot-to-spot reproducibility of the printer is comparable to other techniques, while the minimum spot diameter and volume per printed droplet is significantly less at 30 microns and similar to 500 fL, respectively. The transfer of fluid by BioLP occurs through a fluid jetting mechanism, as observed by high-speed images of the printing process. In addition, printed biotinylated bovine serum albumin is identified through immunoassay and observed by fluorescent detection. These results indicate that BioLP holds promise as a novel protein printer for use in. a wide range of applications in the proteomics field. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dlott, Dana/0000-0001-8719-7093 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5673-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5699 BP 517 EP 525 DI 10.1117/12.580101 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Engineering, Biomedical; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Cell Biology; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCF51 UT WOS:000229039000060 ER PT S AU Pederson, MR Baruah, T AF Pederson, Mark R. Baruah, Tunna BE Maroulis, G Simos, T TI Molecular polarizabilities from density-functional theory: From small molecules to light harvesting complexes SO IN THE FRONTIERS OF COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE SE LECTURE SERIES ON COMPUTER AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering (ICCMSE 2005) CY OCT 21-26, 2005 CL Corinth, GREECE SP Amer Chem Soc, Amer Phys Soc DE electronic structure; Gaussian basis; polarizability; charge transfer ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; DYNAMIC DIPOLE POLARIZABILITIES; VIBRATIONAL POLARIZABILITIES; INFRARED INTENSITIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AB-INITIO; HYPERPOLARIZABILITIES; CLUSTERS; FULLERENE; C-60 AB We review some recent applications of density-functional theory to molecules and systems of molecules where the role of polarizabilities axe particularly relevent. With respect to the implementation of density-functional theory, details related to numerics and basis sets are described. We then describe how self-consistent finite-field calculations may be used to separately extract the electronic polarizability tensor and infrared intensities. We review the relationship between second-harmonic vibrational polarizabilities and molecular infrared intensities. An efficient method for describing the polarization effects in systems of molecules is included and a recent application of this method to a biomimetic light-haxvesting complex is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pederson, MR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mark.pederson@.nrl.navy.mil NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU VSP BV-C/O BRILL ACAD PUBL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1573-4196 BN 90-6764-442-0 J9 LECT SER COMPUTER CO PY 2005 VL 3 BP 156 EP 167 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BEN42 UT WOS:000238284200018 ER PT J AU Mathaisel, DFX Cathcart, TP Stamm, DJ Agripino, MF AF Mathaisel, Dennis F. X. Cathcart, Timothy P. Stamm, Dennis J. Agripino, Mario F. TI meeting the competitive CHALLENGE SO INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER LA English DT Article C1 [Mathaisel, Dennis F. X.] Babson Coll, Babson Pk, MA 02157 USA. [Cathcart, Timothy P.; Agripino, Mario F.] MIT, Lean Sustainment Initiat, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cathcart, Timothy P.; Agripino, Mario F.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Mathaisel, DFX (reprint author), Babson Coll, Babson Pk, MA 02157 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS PI NORCROSS PA 3577 PARKWAY LANE, STE 200, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 1542-894X J9 IND ENG JI Ind. Eng PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 39 EP 45 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA V18LB UT WOS:000208005200022 ER PT S AU Auchere, F Cook, JW Newmark, JS McMullin, DR von Steiger, R Witte, M AF Auchere, F Cook, JW Newmark, JS McMullin, DR von Steiger, R Witte, M BE Lastovicka, J TI Model of the all-sky He II 30.4 nm solar flux SO INFLUENCE OF THE SUN'S RADIATION AND PARTICLES ON THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE AND CLIMATE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE Sun : UV radiation; Sun : flux activity AB Because of the orbit characteristics of the vast majority of spacecraft, the solar flux has been generally measured at Earth or in the plane of the ecliptic. So far, most published studies did not consider the fact that the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) solar flux is largely anisotropic. Indeed, in the EUV, the distribution of very contrasted bright and dark features at the surface of the Sun produces both the obvious rotational (longitudinal) modulation of the flux, but also a strong latitudinal anisotropy. Although largely ignored up to now, the latitudinal anisotropy affects the physical conditions in the corona and heliosphere. We describe an empirical model of the all-sky He II 30.4 nm flux based on EIT/SOHO data. The 30.4 nm flux was found to be strongly anisotropic. The anisotropy IpolIeq between the fluxes computed for viewpoints located above the solar poles and within the solar equatorial plane ranges from 0.9 at solar minimum to 0.6 at solar maximum. A 20% asymmetry was also discovered between the north and south polar fluxes. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Paris 11, Solar Phys Grp, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. Int Space Sci Inst, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Auchere, F (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, Solar Phys Grp, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Batiment 121, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM frederic.auchere@ias.u-psud.fr RI Von Steiger, Rudolf/F-6822-2011; OI Von Steiger, Rudolf/0000-0002-3350-0023; Auchere, Frederic/0000-0003-0972-7022 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 BP 388 EP 392 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.02.036 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCV39 UT WOS:000231413400011 ER PT S AU Aifer, EH Tischler, JG Warner, JH Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Canedy, CL Jackson, EM AF Aifer, EH Tischler, JG Warner, JH Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Canedy, CL Jackson, EM BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Dual band LWIR/VLWIR type-II superlattice photodiodes. SO Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE type-II superlattice; strained layer superlattice; GaSb; III-V; IR detector; multiband ID MU-M; WAVELENGTH; DETECTORS; CUTOFF AB Multiband detection capability is a critical attribute of practical infrared (IR) sensing systems for use in missile defense detect-and-track applications. This capability, already demonstrated in mercury-cadmium telluride (MCT) photodiodes and quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs), has not previously been explored in type II-superlattices (T2SLs), a newer system which is under consideration to meet next-generation sensor needs. Like QWIPs, T2SLs are composed of layers of III-V compound semiconductors grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and have an infrared gap that is determined primarily by the layer thicknesses. With the exceptional control of MBE over layer thicknesses and the ability to grow multiple bandgap structures under compatible growth conditions, T2SL-based multiband IR focal plane arrays (FPAs) are expected to have advantages in spectral control and pixel-to-pixel uniformity over MCT. Additionally, T2SLs have intrinsically higher quantum efficiency than QWIPs, in which the optical selection rules for intersubband transitions forbid the absorption of normally incident light. Here we describe the first results for a T2SL dual band detector with independent long-wave and very-long-wave infrared responsivity bands, with cutoffs of 11.4 and 17 mu m respectively. The p-n-p device contains "W"-structured T2SL (WSL) active regions for enhanced band selectivity, owing to the quasi-two-dimensional density of states for WSLs. Photodetector results are demonstrated using a maskset designed to fabricate single-band diodes, 3-terminal dual band devices, and 2-terminal band selectable devices to comply with different dual band FPA read-out architectures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aifer, EH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5768-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5783 BP 112 EP 122 DI 10.1117/12.605228 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BCR50 UT WOS:000230925900013 ER PT S AU Moore, TE Fok, MC Christon, SP Chen, SH Chandler, MO Delcourt, DC Fedder, J Slinker, S Liemohn, M AF Moore, T. E. Fok, M-C Christon, S. P. Chen, S-H Chandler, M. O. Delcourt, D. C. Fedder, J. Slinker, S. Liemohn, M. BE Burch, J Schulz, M Spence, H TI Solar and Ionospheric Plasmas in the Ring Current Region SO INNER MAGNETOSPHERE INTERACTIONS: NEW PERSPECTIVES FROM IMAGING SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; ENERGETIC ION COMPOSITION; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; GEOMAGNETIC STORM; SHEET; MODEL; CIRCULATION; MAGNETOTAIL; CONVECTION; DIRECTION AB We consider formation of ring current-like plasmas in the inner magnetosphere and explore the degree to which they derive from heating and outflow of ionospheric plasmas. Recent observations show ring current proton injection into the ring current is relatively smooth and continuous, while O+ injection is episodic in close association with substorms. We use collisionless test particle motions in magnetospheric fields from a magnetohydrodynamic simulation. The simulation is used to generate bulk properties and detailed velocity distributions at key locations, for comparison with observations. Particles are initiated in regions representative of the solar wind proton source upstream of the bow shock, the polar wind proton source, and the auroral zone enhanced outflows of O+, which we term "auroral wind". Results reflect steady growth phase conditions after 45 minutes of southward interplanetary field. Solar wind protons enter the ring current principally via the dawn flank, bypassing the midnight plasma sheet, while polar wind protons and auroral wind O+ enter the ring current through the midnight plasma sheet. Thus, solar wind and ionospheric plasmas take very different transport paths to the ring current region. Accordingly, they are expected to respond differently to substorm dynamics of the magnetotail, as observed recently by remote neutral atom imaging from the IMAGE mission. Polar wind protons make a minor contribution to ring current pressure under steady conditions, but auroral wind O+ has the potential to dominate the ring current, when outflow is strongly enhanced during periods of enhanced solar wind dynamic pressure fluctuations. C1 [Moore, T. E.; Fok, M-C; Christon, S. P.; Chen, S-H] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chandler, M. O.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Delcourt, D. C.] CETP, F-94107 St Maur, France. [Fedder, J.] LET Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Slinker, S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Liemohn, M.] Univ Michigan, SPRL, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Moore, TE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, LSSP Code 612-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Liemohn, Michael/H-8703-2012; OI Liemohn, Michael/0000-0002-7039-2631; Christon, Stephen/0000-0003-1770-2458 NR 46 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-424-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2005 VL 159 BP 179 EP 194 DI 10.1029/159GM14 D2 10.1029/GM159 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA BSJ68 UT WOS:000284726400013 ER PT S AU Mannucci, AJ Tsurutani, BT Iijima, B Komjathy, A Wilson, B Pi, XQ Sparks, L Hajj, G Mandrake, L Gonzalez, WD Kozyra, J Yumoto, K Swisdak, M Huba, JD Skoug, R AF Mannucci, A. J. Tsurutani, Bruce T. Iijima, Byron Komjathy, Attila Wilson, Brian Pi, Xiaoqing Sparks, Lawrence Hajj, George Mandrake, Lukas Gonzalez, Walter D. Kozyra, Janet Yumoto, K. Swisdak, M. Huba, J. D. Skoug, R. BE Burch, J Schulz, M Spence, H TI Hemispheric Daytime Ionospheric Response To Intense Solar Wind Forcing SO INNER MAGNETOSPHERE INTERACTIONS: NEW PERSPECTIVES FROM IMAGING SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; EQUATORIAL F-REGION; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; MAGNETIC STORMS; DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; MAGNETOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES; PENETRATION; DEPENDENCE; BEHAVIOR; PERIODS AB We investigate the ionospheric response to events where the z-component of the interplanetary magnetic field, B-Z, becomes large and negative for several hours, associated with the largest geomagnetic storms over the prior solar maximum period (2000-2004). We compute the average vertical total electron content (TEC) in the broad region covering 1200-1600 local time and +/- 40 degrees geomagnetic latitude (dipole), using data from the global network of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In several cases, we find approximately a two-fold increase in total electron content within 2-3 hours of the time when the southward-B-Z solar wind impinged on the magnetopause. We also analyze daytime super-satellite TEC data from the GPS receiver on the CHAMP satellite orbiting at approximately 400 km altitude, and find that for the October 30,2003 storm at mid-latitudes the TEC increase is nearly one order of magnitude relative to the TEC just prior to the B-Z southward onset. The geomagnetic storm-time phenomenon of prompt penetration electric fields into the ionosphere from enhanced magnetospheric convection is the most likely cause of these TEC increases, at least for certain of the events, resulting in eastward directed electric fields at the equator. The resulting dayside vertical Ex B drift of plasma to higher altitudes, while solar photons create more plasma at lower altitudes, results in a "daytime super-fountain" effect that rapidly changes the plasma structure of the entire dayside ionosphere. This phenomenon has major practical space weather implications. C1 [Mannucci, A. J.; Tsurutani, Bruce T.; Iijima, Byron; Komjathy, Attila; Wilson, Brian; Pi, Xiaoqing; Sparks, Lawrence; Hajj, George; Mandrake, Lukas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gonzalez, Walter D.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12245970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Kozyra, Janet] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Yumoto, K.] Kyushu Univ, Space Environm Res Ctr, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Swisdak, M.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Huba, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Skoug, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mannucci, AJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 138-308, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-424-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2005 VL 159 BP 261 EP 275 DI 10.1029/159GM20 D2 10.1029/GM159 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA BSJ68 UT WOS:000284726400019 ER PT J AU Chang, WT Bellotti, JA Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM AF Chang, WT Bellotti, JA Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM TI Strain tensor effects on SrTiO3 incipient ferroelectric phase transition SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE SrTiO3; microwave dielectric properties; tunable microwave applications; film strain ID TUNABLE MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS; THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; PERMITTIVITY; TEMPERATURES; CAPACITORS; CONSTANT AB Structural distortion of ferroelectric thin films caused by film strain has a strong impact on the microwave dielectric properties. SrTiO3 thin films epitaxially grown on (110) DyScO3 substrates using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) are extremely strained (i.e., similar to 1% in-plnae tensional strain) from 3.905 angstrom of bulk SrTiO3 . The room temperature dielectric constant and its tuning of the films are observed to be 6000 and 75% with an electric field of 1 V/mu m, respectively. The control of strain in SrTiO3 provides a basis for room temperature tunable microwave applications by elevating its phase transition peak to room temperature. Also, a significant in-plane anisotropy in dielectric constant and tuning was observed in these SrTiO3 films. The observed in-plane anisotropic dielectric properties have been interpreted based on the phenomenological thermodynamics of film strain. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chang, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chang@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2005 VL 77 BP 173 EP 187 DI 10.1080/10584580500414432 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 999JR UT WOS:000234386100022 ER PT S AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF BE Priddy, KL TI Genetic program based data mining for hybrid decision-theoretic algorithms and theories SO Intelligent Computing: Theory and Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intelligent Computing - Theory and Applications III CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE fuzzy logic; genetic programs; data mining; symbolic recursion; distributed autonomous systems AB A genetic program (GP) based data mining (DM) procedure has been developed that automatically creates decision theoretic algorithms. A GP is an algorithm that uses the theory of evolution to automatically evolve other computer programs or mathematical expressions. The output of the GP is a computer program or mathematical expression that is optimal in the sense that it maximizes a fitness function. The decision theoretic algorithms created by the DM algorithm are typically designed for making real-time decisions about the behavior of systems. The database that is mined by the DM typically consists of many scenarios characterized by sensor output and labeled by experts as to the status of the scenario. The DM procedure will call a GP as a data mining function. The GP incorporates the database and expert's rules into its fitness function to evolve an optimal decision theoretic algorithm. A decision theoretic algorithm created through this process will be discussed as well as validation efforts showing the utility of the decision theoretic algorithm created by the DM process. GP based data mining to determine equations related to scientific theories and automatic simplification methods based on computer algebra will also be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5788-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5803 BP 86 EP 97 DI 10.1117/12.603151 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCI60 UT WOS:000229606000010 ER PT J AU Yost, DS AF Yost, DS TI New approaches to deterrence in Britain, France, and the United States SO INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LA English DT Article AB The three western nuclear powers have in recent years been more preoccupied with threats from regional powers armed with weapons of mass destruction than with potential major power threats. London, Paris, and Washington have each substantially reduced their deployed nuclear forces and sharply cut back their range of delivery systems since the end of the Cold War in 1989-1991. While each has manifested greater interest in non-nuclear capabilities for deterrence, each has attempted, with varying degrees of clarity, to define options for limited nuclear use. All three have articulated their nuclear employment threats within a conceptual framework intended to promote deterrence. Despite the differences in their approaches and circumstances, the three western nuclear powers are grappling with tough and, to some extent, unanswered questions: what threat will deter? To what extent have the grounds for confidence in deterrence been diminished? To what extent has it been prudent to scale back deployed nuclear capabilities and redefine threats of nuclear retaliation? To what extent would limited nuclear options enhance deterrence and simplify nuclear employment decisions? What level of confidence should be placed in the full array of deterrence and containment measures? To what extent is deterrence national policy, and to what extent is it Alliance policy? C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Yost, DS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-5850 J9 INT AFF JI Int. Aff. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 81 IS 1 BP 83 EP + DI 10.1111/j.1468-2346.2005.00440.x PG 33 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 889WF UT WOS:000226472800006 ER PT S AU Lynch, RS Willett, PK AF Lynch, RS Willett, PK GP IEEE TI A theoretical performance analysis of the Bayesian data reduction algorithm SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-12, 2005 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE discrete classification; dimensionality reduction; supervised learning; theoretical modeling ID MEAN RECOGNITION ACCURACY; INDEPENDENT DISTRIBUTIONS; CLASSIFICATION AB The purpose of this paper is to analytically demonstrate the effect that the overall quantization, M, has on the relative performance of the BDRA (Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm). In particular, it is of interest to show with a straightforward data model how the dimensionality reduction aspects of the BDRA improves overall classification performance on the training data. In other words, it is analytically shown the conditions under which the probability of error, as computed on the data, is lower after dimensionality reduction. Results are illustrated by plotting the analytical probability of error as a function of the number of data merged in the same discrete cell. An interesting result demonstrates that data merged under different classes in the same discrete cell can improve classification performance. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Lynch, RS (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI 02840 USA. EM lynchrs@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; willett@engr.uconn.edu OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-9298-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2005 BP 330 EP 335 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BDT16 UT WOS:000235210800055 ER PT S AU Drusinksy, D Shing, MT AF Drusinksy, D Shing, MT GP IEEE TI Creation and evaluation of formal specifications for system-of systems development SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-12, 2005 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE formal specification; temporal assertion; prototyping; run-time execution monitoring AB Studies have suggested that formal specifications and lightweight formal methods help improve the clarity and precision of the requirements specification. This paper describes a process to augment the current informal approaches to system-of-systems development by introducing temporal assertions to capture the safety-critical and mission-essential system requirements and runtime model checking to evaluate the system designs and implementation. The process allows users to develop and validate temporal assertions iteratively via simulation with multiple scenarios, and to use the assertions to automate the testing of the system-of-systems under development as well as armor-plating the target system against any unexpected behaviors at runtime. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ddrusins@nps.edu; shing@nps.edu NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-9298-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2005 BP 1864 EP 1869 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BDT16 UT WOS:000235210801143 ER PT S AU Auguston, M Michael, JB Shing, MT Floodeen, DL AF Auguston, M Michael, JB Shing, MT Floodeen, DL GP IEEE TI Using attributed event grammar environment models for automated test generation and software risk assessment of system-of-systems SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-12, 2005 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE testing automation; test generation; software risk assessment; system-of-systems AB This paper presents some concepts, principles, and techniques for automated testing of system-of-systems based on attributed event grammar (AEG) modeling of the system's operational environment. AEG provides a uniform approach for automatically generating, executing, and analyzing tests. Quantitative and qualitative software risk assessment can be performed based on statistics gathered during automatic test execution within the specified environment model. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM maugusto@nps.edu; bmichael@nps.edu; shing@nps.edu; dlfloode@nps.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-9298-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2005 BP 1870 EP 1875 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BDT16 UT WOS:000235210801144 ER PT S AU Aydin, AT Pace, PE Tummala, M AF Aydin, AT Pace, PE Tummala, M GP IEEE TI Orbit selection for space based interception of a select ICBM case SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-12, 2005 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE intercontinental ballistic missile; orbital elements; orbit selection; transition matrix; exo-atmospheric kill vehicle AB In this paper, the orbit selection and configuration of the space-based exo-atmospheric kill vehicle (EKV) launch platforms are determined for three example launch sites. These include North Korea, China and Iran. The trajectories of the intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) are derived and the resulting trajectory parameters are used to determine the orbit necessary for a successful intercept. The parameters calculated include the inclination angle i, right ascension of the ascending node Q and the altitude r(a) of the orbit. The calculations are based on the ICBM locations, capability of the space launch vehicle and the capabilities of the EKV. We show that for the launch locations given, a successful intercept requires 40 launch platforms in a circular orbit with altitude r(a) = 1000 km, inclination angle i = 43.5 degrees and a right ascension angle of Omega = 15.3 degrees. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Aydin, AT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-9298-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2005 BP 1882 EP 1888 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BDT16 UT WOS:000235210801146 ER PT S AU Yildiz, K Pace, PE Tummala, M AF Yildiz, K Pace, PE Tummala, M GP IEEE TI Electronic attack against boost-phase ICBM defense system SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-12, 2005 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE intercontinental ballistic missile; boost phase intercept; radar cross-section reduction; noise jamming; chaff; expendable decoys AB In this paper, the different electronic attack (EA) techniques that can be deployed to reduce the effectiveness of boost-phase target sensing, tracking, and intercepting are examined. The purpose is to investigate the effects of the EA on the performance of the radio frequency (RF) sensors used within a boost-phase ballistic missile defense sensor system. The EA types investigated include barrage noise, chaff tactics, and the use of expendable decoys. The reduction of the radar cross-section is also addressed and predicted using a physical optics approach. The desired effect of the EA against the RF sensors is degradation of the target track quality, thereby forcing the sensors to use other methods to estimate the target position (e.g., triangulation). An inadequately designed sensor fusion scheme can lead to loss of target track, which is undesirable in a boost-phase ballistic missile intercept system. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yildiz, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-9298-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2005 BP 1889 EP 1895 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BDT16 UT WOS:000235210801147 ER PT S AU Maule, RW AF Maule, RW GP IEEE TI Enterprise knowledge security architecture for military experimentation SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-12, 2005 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE knowledge; security; enterprise; classification; ontology ID MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; DATABASES; SYSTEMS AB A current initiative in fleet experimentation addresses systems integration of enterprise knowledge resources. The combined resources must synthesize, structure and archive quantitative and qualitative results and present findings in a manner appropriate for different levels of users. Security classifications and need-to-know criteria determine the types of information presented to a given user or user group. This paper advances a methodology currently in development to structure information around ontology with security assigned to specific vocabulary. The objective is to enable a more ready exchange of secured information within distributed environments. The referenced knowledge system currently supports a wide range of naval, joint forces, and coalition enterprise applications and information resources. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Maule, RW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rwmaule@nps.navy.mil NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-9298-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2005 BP 3409 EP 3414 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BDT16 UT WOS:000235210803069 ER PT J AU Dey, SK Majhi, P Horwitz, JS Kirchoefer, SW Kim, WJ AF Dey, SK Majhi, P Horwitz, JS Kirchoefer, SW Kim, WJ TI Microstructure evolution of pulsed laser-deposited (Ba, Sr)TiO3 films on MgO for microwave applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; BA0.5SR0.5TIO3 THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB To develop low-loss tunable microwave circuits, based on the field dependence of dielectric permittivity, phase pure (Ba-0.5, Sr-0.5)TiO3 doped with 1% W (BST) thin films 0.3-mu m thick were deposited on single crystal MgO wafers by pulsed laser deposition. The BST films were characterized by X-ray 0-20 scans and pole figure analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, (FESEM), and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Coupled with selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). Although, the X-ray 0-20 scan indicated an epitaxial nature of BST with an out-of-plane orientation of (100), the pole figure analysis confirmed the presence (4-6%) of (111)-oriented grains in a matrix of (100) textured grains. The columnar grains exhibited an in-plane (i.e., along the plane perpendicular to the growth direction) grain size that was thickness-dependent. The cross-sectional TEM, coupled with SAED in the thickness direction, corroborated the pole figure analysis. Additionally, from X-ray analysis, it was observed that the textured films were under in-plane tension. The deposited film was characterized at microwave frequencies (1-20 GHz) using interdigitated electrodes deposited on top of the film. The film was characterized by a relatively low dielectric Q of 5-7. A 17% change in the capacitance was observed when applying a 40 V bias. From the observed microstructure, a preliminary understanding of its evolution and its relationship with the microwave dielectric properties is discussed, and some ideas to obtain truly epitaxial BST films are presented. C1 Arizona State Univ, Ira Fulton Coll Engn, Dept Chem & Mat Engn & Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dey, SK (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Ira Fulton Coll Engn, Dept Chem & Mat Engn & Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Sandwip.Dey@asu.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2005 VL 2 IS 1 BP 59 EP 63 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 914PT UT WOS:000228240700007 ER PT J AU Hardaway, CA Gregory, KB AF Hardaway, CA Gregory, KB TI Fatigue and sleep debt in an operational navy squadron SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIATION ENVIRONMENT; AIR-FORCE; MISHAPS; COUNTERMEASURES; ACCIDENTS; SETTINGS; AIRCRAFT; FLIGHTS AB Transmeridian, high-frequency operations cause fatigue and subsequent performance decrements in flight crews. The amount of fatigue experienced by the aviators in ail operational EP-3 squadron was quantified before and after interventions were made to promote crew rest. Surveys were completed for 10 days by 2 separate flight crews transitioning to a Southwest Asia detachment site from Whidbey Island Naval Air Station, Washington. The second crew (Crew B) underwent fatigue countermeasures training several days prior to departure and were provided with I additional layover day between the second and third day of transit. The additional layover period was provided in an effort to maximize crew rest prior to a difficult night transit 3 days into the journey. The Surveys quantified: self-reported sleep quantity, sleep quality, sleep debt, and fatigue ratings during the 3 phases of flight: takeoff to top of climb, top of climb to top of descent, and top of descent to landing. Baseline data were collected front the first crew (Crew A) and were then compared to that of the second crew (Crew B). Crew A experienced greater fatigue, a larger sleep debt, and decreased sleep quality compared to Crew B. Both crews demonstrated low sleep quality ratings on the second day of the transit as well as high fatigue ratings after the third leg of the transit. Crew B received more total sleep prior to the third leg of the transit due to the additional layover day. This additional rest period resulted in decreased fatigue ratings for Crew B. Sleep quality tended to be lower on the nights preceding a scheduled flight and higher on days off. Providing additional layover time and fatigue countermeasures training resulted in decreased fatigue, increased sleep quantity, and improved sleep quality. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Alertness Solut, Cupertino, CA USA. RP Hardaway, CA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM WIMacallister@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 157 EP 171 DI 10.1207/s15327108ijap1502_3 PG 15 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 921PU UT WOS:000228777600003 ER PT J AU Goldman, R El-Gindy, M Kulakowski, B AF Goldman, Robert El-Gindy, Moustafa Kulakowski, Bohdan TI Development of a software-based rollover warning device SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAVY VEHICLE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE rollover dynamics; rollover-warning device; heavy vehicles; simulation; vehicle dynamics; artificial neural networks application AB This paper documents the research and development of a software-based rollover-warning device (RWD) to be used for road vehicles, with plans for hardware implementation. Although the RWD development concept is fairly general, the design described in this paper was geared towards heavy vehicles with high center-of-gravity height to track-width ratios. The RWD uses artificial neural networks to learn the dynamic input/output response of a road vehicle and estimate the instantaneous roll stability using inputs that are relatively easy to measure. The state of roll stability is quantified using a convenient measure called the load-transfer ratio (LTR) and used in conjunction with the rate of change of LTR as inputs to the RWD based upon a fuzzy logic rule-base for determination of an output warning level. Although the current RWD is based purely on computer simulation, experimental validation was performed and will be published at a later date. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02840 USA. Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Penn Transportat Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Goldman, R (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02840 USA. EM goldmanrw@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; mxe15@psu.edu; btk1@psu.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1744-232X J9 INT J HEAVY VEH SYST JI Int. J. Heavy Veh. Syst. PY 2005 VL 12 IS 4 BP 282 EP 306 DI 10.1504/IJHVS.2005.008301 PG 25 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 081JK UT WOS:000240313700002 ER PT J AU Waters, ET Oberman, JP Biswas, AK AF Waters, ET Oberman, JP Biswas, AK TI Pierre Robin sequence and double aortic arch: a case report SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pierre robin sequence; double aortic arch; synchronous airway lesion; congenital heart disease; cleft palate; laryngomalacia ID CONGENITAL HEART-DISEASE; CARDIO-FACIAL SYNDROME; CLEFT-LIP; LARYNGOMALACIA; CHILDREN; PALATE; ANOMALIES; ETIOLOGY; STRIDOR AB We present an 8-day-old female with two admissions for respiratory failure. On the first admission, the diagnosis of Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) and laryngomalacia was made after assessment with chest radiography, echocardiography, and flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy. Four days after discharge, the child presented with stridor and respiratory distress, and a new cardiac murmur was noted after admission. Repeat echocardiography, with confirmatory direct laryngobronchoscopy, revealed a double aortic arch (DAA) with distal tracheal compression. This case illustrates the necessity of a complete otolaryngic evaluation, including direct laryngobronchoscopy, to search for a synchronous airway lesion in any neonate with severe respiratory distress associated with stridor. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Beaumont Hosp, Dept Pediat, Beaufort, NC 29902 USA. USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Waters, ET (reprint author), USN, Beaumont Hosp, Dept Pediat, 1 Pinckney Blvd, Beaufort, NC 29902 USA. EM taguas@pol.net NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0165-5876 J9 INT J PEDIATR OTORHI JI Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2004.07.025 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics SC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics GA 891HK UT WOS:000226571700018 PM 15627457 ER PT J AU Miller, RW Ning, H Justus, B Huston, A Falkenstein, P Li, G Xie, H Coleman, CN AF Miller, RW Ning, H Justus, B Huston, A Falkenstein, P Li, G Xie, H Coleman, CN TI Clinical implementation of a real-time fiberoptic dosimetry system SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiology-and-Oncology CY OCT 16-20, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Therapeut Radiol & Oncol C1 Natl Canc Inst, Radiat Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2005 VL 63 IS 2 SU 1 MA 2446 BP S494 EP S494 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.841 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 967HW UT WOS:000232083301355 ER EF